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Jurkowicz M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Keller N, Leibovitz E, Sherman G, Kriger O, Barkai G, Mandelboim M, Stein M. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized human metapneumovirus patients in Israel, 2015-2021: A retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29709. [PMID: 38828947 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection among hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infections during 2015-2021 and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hMPV infection. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed, including pediatric and adult patients with laboratory-confirmed hMPV. Of a total of 990 patients, 253 (25.6%), 105 (10.6%), 121 (12.2%), and 511 (51.6%) belonged to age groups 0-2, 3-17, 18-59, and ≥60 years, respectively. The highest percentage (23.0%) of patients were hospitalized during 2019 and the lowest (4.7%) during 2020. Patients < 18 years experienced high rates of comorbidities (immunodeficiencies: 14.4% and malignancies: 29.9%). Here, 37/39 (94.9%) of all bronchiolitis cases were diagnosed in patients < 2 years, whereas more patients in older age groups were diagnosed with pneumonia. A greater proportion of hMPV patients diagnosed with viral coinfection (mostly respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus) were <18 years. The highest percentages of intensive care unit admissions were recorded among patients < 18 years. Our findings demonstrate that hMPV is an important cause of morbidity in young children and a possibly underestimated cause of morbidity among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menucha Jurkowicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Faculty of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eugene Leibovitz
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Sherman
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Or Kriger
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galia Barkai
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Di Pietro C, Haberman AM, Lindenbach BD, Smith PC, Bruscia EM, Allore HG, Vander Wyk B, Tyagi A, Zeiss CJ. Prior Influenza Infection Mitigates SARS-CoV-2 Disease in Syrian Hamsters. Viruses 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 38400021 PMCID: PMC10891789 DOI: 10.3390/v16020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal infection rates of individual viruses are influenced by synergistic or inhibitory interactions between coincident viruses. Endemic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection overlap seasonally in the Northern hemisphere and may be similarly influenced. We explored the immunopathologic basis of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1pdm09) interactions in Syrian hamsters. H1N1 given 48 h prior to SARS-CoV-2 profoundly mitigated weight loss and lung pathology compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. This was accompanied by the normalization of granulocyte dynamics and accelerated antigen-presenting populations in bronchoalveolar lavage and blood. Using nasal transcriptomics, we identified a rapid upregulation of innate and antiviral pathways induced by H1N1 by the time of SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in 48 h dual-infected animals. The animals that were infected with both viruses also showed a notable and temporary downregulation of mitochondrial and viral replication pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed a decrease in the SARS-CoV-2 viral load and lower cytokine levels in the lungs of animals infected with both viruses throughout the course of the disease. Our data confirm that H1N1 infection induces rapid and transient gene expression that is associated with the mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease. These protective responses are likely to begin in the upper respiratory tract shortly after infection. On a population level, interaction between these two viruses may influence their relative seasonal infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Di Pietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.D.P.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Ann M. Haberman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
| | - Brett D. Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
| | - Peter C. Smith
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
| | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.D.P.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Heather G. Allore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (H.G.A.); (B.V.W.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (H.G.A.); (B.V.W.)
| | - Antariksh Tyagi
- Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
| | - Caroline J. Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
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Fratty IS, Jurkowicz M, Zuckerman N, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Gur-Arie L, Rosenberg A, Glatman-Freedman A, Lustig Y, Mandelboim M. Influenza vaccine compatibility among hospitalized patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1296179. [PMID: 38322758 PMCID: PMC10844098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Following the significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 cases worldwide, Israel, as well as other countries, have again been faced with a rise in seasonal influenza. This study compared circulating influenza A and B in hospitalized patients in Israel with the influenza strains in the vaccine following the 2021-2022 winter season which was dominated by the omicron variant. Methods Nasopharyngeal samples of 16,325 patients were examined for the detection of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B. Phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin were then prepared using sanger sequencing. Vaccine immunogenicity was also performed using the hemagglutination inhibition test. Results Of the 16,325 nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized patients between September 2021 (Week 40) and April 2023 (Week 15), 7.5% were found to be positive for influenza. Phylogenetic analyses show that in the 2021-2022 winter season, the leading virus subtype was influenza A(H3N2), belonging to clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2. However, the following winter season was dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, which belongs to clade 6B.aA.5a.2. The circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain showed a shift from the vaccine strain, while the co-circulating influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B strains were similar to those of the vaccine. Antigenic analysis coincided with the sequence analysis. Discussion Influenza prevalence during 2022-2023 returned to typical levels as seen prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, which may suggest a gradual viral adaptation to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Domination of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was observed uniquely in Israel compared to Europe and USA and phylogenetic and antigenic analysis showed lower recognition of the vaccine with the circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Israel compared to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana S. Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Menucha Jurkowicz
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Lea Gur-Arie
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alina Rosenberg
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Waterlow NR, Kleynhans J, Wolter N, Tempia S, Eggo RM, Hellferscee O, Lebina L, Martinson N, Wagner RG, Moyes J, von Gottberg A, Cohen C, Flasche S. Transient increased risk of influenza infection following RSV infection in South Africa: findings from the PHIRST study, South Africa, 2016-2018. BMC Med 2023; 21:441. [PMID: 37968614 PMCID: PMC10647169 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may have ecological consequences for co-circulating pathogens, including influenza. We assessed if and for how long RSV infection alters the risk for subsequent influenza infection. METHODS We analysed a prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted in South Africa between 2016 and 2018. For participating households, nasopharyngeal samples were taken twice weekly, irrespective of symptoms, across three respiratory virus seasons, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify infection with RSV and/or influenza. We fitted an individual-level hidden Markov transmission model in order to estimate RSV and influenza infection rates and their interdependence. RESULTS Of a total of 122,113 samples collected, 1265 (1.0%) were positive for influenza and 1002 (0.8%) positive for RSV, with 15 (0.01%) samples from 12 individuals positive for both influenza and RSV. We observed a 2.25-fold higher incidence of co-infection than expected if assuming infections were unrelated. We estimated that infection with influenza is 2.13 (95% CI 0.97-4.69) times more likely when already infected with, and for a week following, RSV infection, adjusted for age. This equates to 1.4% of influenza infections that may be attributable to RSV in this population. Due to the local seasonality (RSV season precedes the influenza season), we were unable to estimate changes in RSV infection risk following influenza infection. CONCLUSIONS We find no evidence to suggest that RSV was associated with a subsequent reduced risk of influenza infection. Instead, we observed an increased risk for influenza infection for a short period after infection. However, the impact on population-level transmission dynamics of this individual-level synergistic effect was not measurable in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Waterlow
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rosalind M Eggo
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Orienka Hellferscee
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- John Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council/Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Flasche
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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5
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Yang MC, Su YT, Chen PH, Tsai CC, Lin TI, Wu JR. Changing patterns of infectious diseases in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1200617. [PMID: 37457965 PMCID: PMC10339349 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Each infectious disease has had its own epidemic pattern and seasonality for decades. However, public health mitigation measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have resulted in changing epidemic patterns of infectious diseases. Stringent measures resulted in low incidences of various infectious diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, pneumococcus, enterovirus, and parainfluenza. Owing to the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and subsequent immunity development, decreasing virulence of SARS-CoV-2, and worldwide immunization against SARS-CoV-2 in children beyond 6 months of age, mitigation measures are lifted country by country. Consequently, the immunity debt to infectious respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 contributed to the "off-season," "see-saw," and "upsurge" patterns of various infectious diseases in children. Moreover, apart from the persistence of SARS-CoV-2, the coexistence of other circulating viruses or bacterial outbreaks may lead to twindemics or tripledemics during the following years. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain hand hygiene and immunization policies against various pathogens to alleviate the ongoing impact of infectious diseases on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kurskaya OG, Prokopyeva EA, Sobolev IA, Solomatina MV, Saroyan TA, Dubovitskiy NA, Derko AA, Nokhova AR, Anoshina AV, Leonova NV, Simkina OA, Komissarova TV, Shestopalov AM, Sharshov KA. Changes in the Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children in Novosibirsk, Russia, between 2019 and 2022: The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:934. [PMID: 37112913 PMCID: PMC10141072 DOI: 10.3390/v15040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of human respiratory viruses are known that may cause acute respiratory infections (ARIs), such as influenza A and B viruses (HIFV), respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), coronavirus (HCoV), parainfluenza virus (HPIV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (HAdV), bocavirus (HBoV), and others. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COronaVIrus Disease (COVID) that lead to pandemic in 2019 and significantly impacted on the circulation of ARIs. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the epidemic patterns of common respiratory viruses among children and adolescents hospitalized with ARIs in hospitals in Novosibirsk, Russia, from November 2019 to April 2022. During 2019 and 2022, nasal and throat swabs were taken from a total of 3190 hospitalized patients 0-17 years old for testing for HIFV, HRSV, HCoV, HPIV, HMPV, HRV, HAdV, HBoV, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time PCR. The SARS-CoV-2 virus dramatically influenced the etiology of acute respiratory infections among children and adolescents between 2019 and 2022. We observed dramatic changes in the prevalence of major respiratory viruses over three epidemic research seasons: HIFV, HRSV, and HPIV mainly circulated in 2019-2020; HMPV, HRV, and HCoV dominated in 2020-2021; and HRSV, SARS-CoV-2, HIFV, and HRV were the most numerous agents in 2021-2022. Interesting to note was the absence of HIFV and a significant reduction in HRSV during the 2020-2021 period, while HMPV was absent and there was a significant reduction of HCoV during the following epidemic period in 2021-2022. Viral co-infection was significantly more frequently detected in the 2020-2021 period compared with the other two epidemic seasons. Certain respiratory viruses, HCoV, HPIV, HBoV, HRV, and HAdV, were registered most often in co-infections. This cohort study has revealed that during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, there were dramatic fluctuations in common respiratory viruses registered among hospitalized patients 0-17 years old. The most dominant virus in each research period differed: HIFV in 2019-2020, HMPV in 2020-2021, and HRSV in 2021-2022. Virus-virus interaction was found to be possible between SARS-CoV-2 and HRV, HRSV, HAdV, HMPV, and HPIV. An increase in the incidence of COVID-19 was noted only during the third epidemic season (January to March 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G. Kurskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Elena A. Prokopyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Mariya V. Solomatina
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Tereza A. Saroyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Dubovitskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Derko
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Alina R. Nokhova
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Angelika V. Anoshina
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 6, Novosibirsk 630015, Russia
| | - Natalya V. Leonova
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 6, Novosibirsk 630015, Russia
| | - Olga A. Simkina
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 3, Novosibirsk 630040, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Komissarova
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 3, Novosibirsk 630040, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Shestopalov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Sharshov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
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7
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Yuan H, Yeung A, Yang W. Interactions among common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their circulation in New York City. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:653-661. [PMID: 35278037 PMCID: PMC9111828 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and voluntary behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections. We aimed to examine interactions among common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus and further estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these viruses. METHODS We analyzed incidence data for seven groups of respiratory viruses in New York City (NYC) during October 2015 to May 2021 (i.e., before and during the COVID-19 pandemic). We first used elastic net regression to identify potential virus interactions and further examined the robustness of the found interactions by comparing the performance of Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models with and without the interactions. We then used the models to compute counterfactual estimates of cumulative incidence and estimate the reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic period from March 2020 to May 2021, for each virus. RESULTS We identified potential interactions for three endemic human coronaviruses (CoV-NL63, CoV-HKU, and CoV-OC43), parainfluenza (PIV)-1, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We found significant reductions (by ~70-90%) in cumulative incidence of CoV-OC43, CoV-229E, human metapneumovirus, PIV-2, PIV-4, RSV, and influenza virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the circulation of adenovirus and rhinovirus was less affected. CONCLUSIONS Circulation of several respiratory viruses has been low during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may lead to increased population susceptibility. It is thus important to enhance monitoring of these viruses and promptly enact measures to mitigate their health impacts (e.g., influenza vaccination campaign and hospital infection prevention) as societies resume normal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alice Yeung
- Bureau of Communicable DiseaseNew York City Department of Health and Mental HygieneNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Wan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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8
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Waterlow NR, Toizumi M, van Leeuwen E, Thi Nguyen HA, Myint-Yoshida L, Eggo RM, Flasche S. Evidence for influenza and RSV interaction from 10 years of enhanced surveillance in Nha Trang, Vietnam, a modelling study. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010234. [PMID: 35749561 PMCID: PMC9262224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) interact within their host posing the concern for impacts on heterologous viruses following vaccination. We aimed to estimate the population level impact of their interaction. We developed a dynamic age-stratified two-pathogen mathematical model that includes pathogen interaction through competition for infection and enhanced severity of dual infections. We used parallel tempering to fit its parameters to 11 years of enhanced hospital-based surveillance for acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children under 5 years old in Nha Trang, Vietnam. The data supported either a 41% (95%CrI: 36–54) reduction in susceptibility following infection and for 10.0 days (95%CrI 7.1–12.8) thereafter, or no change in susceptibility following infection. We estimate that co-infection increased the probability for an infection in <2y old children to be reported 7.2 fold (95%CrI 5.0–11.4); or 16.6 fold (95%CrI 14.5–18.4) in the moderate or low interaction scenarios. Absence of either pathogen was not to the detriment of the other. We find stronger evidence for severity enhancing than for acquisition limiting interaction. In this setting vaccination against either pathogen is unlikely to have a major detrimental effect on the burden of disease caused by the other. Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) cause large burdens of disease. Instead of acting independently, there may be short term cross-protection between them. The evidence of this to date comes from ecological studies which are unable to test the mechanism, or biological studies that are unable to determine the population level impacts of such cross-protection. We create a mathematical model that simulates the circulation of these two viruses, and allows for cross-protection between them. We then fit this model to hospital reported cases of confirmed infection from Nha Trang, Vietnam in order to estimate whether any cross-protection exists in this setting. We show that there are two possibilities—either no interaction or moderate interaction that can result in the observed circulation patterns. However, we further show that co-infection results in an increased reporting rate, presumably due to increased severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R. Waterlow
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Michiko Toizumi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Edwin van Leeuwen
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UKHSA, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lay Myint-Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rosalind M. Eggo
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Flasche
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Fratty IS, Reznik-Balter S, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Sherbany H, Keller N, Stein M, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M. Outbreak of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Patients Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:902476. [PMID: 35770154 PMCID: PMC9235518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.902476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A and other respiratory viruses, circulate each winter and cause respiratory illness that can lead to severe complications in hospitalized patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only a few cases of respiratory viruses were detected in Israel. Our study applied RT-PCR to examine 13,674 samples collected from patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms in 2019, 2020, and 2021 and the first half of the 2022 winter. A sharp increase in influenza A(H3N2) cases was observed in winter 2021-2022 as compared to 2020, followed by a sudden decrease in influenza cases after the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Israel. Comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) of influenza infection rates during 7 consecutive winter seasons found that the minimal AUC between 2015 and 2020 was 281.1, while in 2021-2022, it was significantly lower (162.6 AUC; p = 0.0017), although the percentage of positive influenza cases was similar to those of previous years. The presented findings show how the dominance of influenza A(H3N2) abruptly ended upon circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. However, a post-COVID-19 influenza outbreak is possible, hence the planning of the next influenza vaccine is critical to ensure lower influenza-related hospitalization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana S. Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shira Reznik-Balter
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hilda Sherbany
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Mandelboim,
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10
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Stein M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Fratty IS, Bucris E, Geva M, Mendelson E, Zuckerman N, Mandelboim M. Human metapneumovirus prevalence during 2019-2021 in Israel is influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:205-209. [PMID: 35472530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare infection rates and circulating subtypes of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) before (2019-2020) and after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2021) in Israel. METHODS In total, 12,718 respiratory samples were collected from hospitalized patients of all ages during the years 2019 to 2021 at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize the subtypes of hMPV circulating in Israel between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 481 samples were found positive for hMPV. Before the emergence of COVID-19, hMPV peaked in winter months and declined thereafter. In sharp contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a delayed peak in hMPV infection cases and higher infection of young children. Viral sequencing showed a shift in the most prevalent circulating hMPV strain from A2b to B1 during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. CONCLUSION Compared with the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021, hMPV mostly affected young children, and the most prevalent circulating subtype shifted from A2b in 2019 to B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilana S Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Miranda Geva
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Neta Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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11
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Abstract
Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract and lead to virus‒virus interactions. Infection by a first virus could enhance or reduce infection and replication of a second virus, resulting in positive (additive or synergistic) or negative (antagonistic) interaction. The concept of viral interference has been demonstrated at the cellular, host, and population levels. The mechanisms involved in viral interference have been evaluated in differentiated airway epithelial cells and in animal models susceptible to the respiratory viruses of interest. A likely mechanism is the interferon response that could confer a temporary nonspecific immunity to the host. During the coronavirus disease pandemic, nonpharmacologic interventions have prevented the circulation of most respiratory viruses. Once the sanitary restrictions are lifted, circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses is expected to resume and will offer the opportunity to study their interactions, notably with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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12
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Yakovlev AS, Belyaletdinova IK, Mazankova LN, Samitova ER, Osmanov IM, Gavelya NV, Volok VP, Kolpakova ES, Shishova AA, Dracheva NA, Kozlovskaya LI, Karganova GG, Ishmukhametov AA. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Moscow in 2020: clinical features and impact on circulation of other respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Moscow in 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 116:331-338. [PMID: 34986407 PMCID: PMC8720385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized children. Methods A total of 226 and 864 children admitted to the Children's City Clinical Hospital with acute respiratory infection in September to November of 2018 and 2020 in Moscow were tested for respiratory viruses using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydia pneumoniae using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The detection rate of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses in 2020 was lower than in 2018, 16.9% versus 37.6%. An increase in the median age of children with respiratory viruses was observed during the pandemic (3 years vs 1 year). There was no significant difference in the frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory virus infections (2.7% vs 2.9%). SARS-CoV-2 and human rhinoviruses, human metapneumoviruses, and human adenoviruses showed significantly lower than expected co-detection rates during co-circulation. An increase in body mass index (BMI) or bacterial coinfection leads to an increased risk of ICU admission and a longer duration of COVID-19 in children. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in the epidemiological characteristics of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the autumn peak of the 2020 pandemic, compared with the same period in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Yakovlev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
| | - Ilmira K Belyaletdinova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila N Mazankova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russia; Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia.
| | - Elmira R Samitova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russia; Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia.
| | - Ismail M Osmanov
- Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia.
| | - Nataly V Gavelya
- Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia
| | - Viktor P Volok
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina S Kolpakova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Natalia A Dracheva
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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13
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Li Y, Wang X, Msosa T, de Wit F, Murdock J, Nair H. The impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on the seasonality of human respiratory syncytial virus: A systematic analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:804-812. [PMID: 34219389 PMCID: PMC8542946 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several local studies showed that the 2009 influenza pandemic delayed the RSV season. However, no global‐level analyses are available on the possible impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on the RSV season. Objectives We aim to understand the impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on the RSV season. Methods We compiled data from published literature (through a systematic review), online reports/datasets and previously published data on global RSV seasonality and conducted a global‐level systematic analysis on the impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on RSV seasonality. Results We included 354 seasons of 45 unique sites, from 26 countries. Globally, the influenza pandemic delayed the onset of the first RSV season by 0.58 months on average (95% CI: 0.42, 0.73; maximum delay: 2.5 months) and the onset of the second RSV season by a lesser extent (0.25 months; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.39; maximum delay: 3.4 months); no delayed onset was observed for the third RSV season. The delayed onset was most pronounced in the northern temperate, followed by the southern temperate, and was least pronounced in the tropics. Conclusions The 2009 influenza pandemic delayed the RSV onset on average by 0.58 months and up to 2.5 months. This suggests evidence of viral interference as well as the impact of public health measures and has important implications for preparedness for RSV season during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Takondwa Msosa
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Femke de Wit
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jayne Murdock
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Striking absence of "usual suspects" during the winter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 2020-2021. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021; 42:1516-1517. [PMID: 34169815 PMCID: PMC8267242 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Pando R, Stern S, Nemet I, Glatman-Freedman A, Sefty H, Zuckerman NS, Drori Y, Friedman N, McCauley JW, Keinan-Boker L, Mendelson E, Daniels RS, Mandelboim M. Diversity in the Circulation of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in the Northern Hemisphere in the 2018-19 Season. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:375. [PMID: 33924296 PMCID: PMC8069444 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While vaccination is considered the most effective means to prevent influenza infection, its seasonal effectiveness varies, depending on the circulating influenza strains. Here, we characterized the circulation of influenza strains in October-2018 and March-2019 around the world. For this, we used nasopharyngeal samples collected from outpatient and hospitalized patients in Israel and data reported in ECDC, CDC, and WHO databases. Influenza A(H3N2) was dominant in Israel, while in Europe, Asia, and USA, A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulated first, and then the A(H3N2) virus also appeared. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Israel belonged to clade-3C.3a, while in Europe, Asia, and USA, A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclade-3C.2a1, but were later replaced by clade-3C.3a viruses in USA. The vaccine A(H3N2) components of that year, A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016-(H3N2)-like-viruses, belonged to clade-3C.2a1. The circulation of different influenza subtypes and clades of A(H3N2) viruses in a single season highlights the need for universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakefet Pando
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Shahar Stern
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Ital Nemet
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
| | - Yaron Drori
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - John W. McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Center, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (J.W.M.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Center, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (J.W.M.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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16
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Waterlow NR, Flasche S, Minter A, Eggo RM. Competition between RSV and influenza: Limits of modelling inference from surveillance data. Epidemics 2021; 35:100460. [PMID: 33838587 PMCID: PMC8193815 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Influenza cause a large burden of disease. Evidence of their interaction via temporary cross-protection implies that prevention of one could inadvertently lead to an increase in the burden of the other. However, evidence for the public health impact of such interaction is sparse and largely derives from ecological analyses of peak shifts in surveillance data. To test the robustness of estimates of interaction parameters between RSV and Influenza from surveillance data we conducted a simulation and back-inference study. We developed a two-pathogen interaction model, parameterised to simulate RSV and Influenza epidemiology in the UK. Using the infection model in combination with a surveillance-like stochastic observation process we generated a range of possible RSV and Influenza trajectories and then used Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to back-infer parameters including those describing competition. We find that in most scenarios both the strength and duration of RSV and Influenza interaction could be estimated from the simulated surveillance data reasonably well. However, the robustness of inference declined towards the extremes of the plausible parameter ranges, with misleading results. It was for instance not possible to tell the difference between low/moderate interaction and no interaction. In conclusion, our results illustrate that in a plausible parameter range, the strength of RSV and Influenza interaction can be estimated from a single season of high-quality surveillance data but also highlights the importance to test parameter identifiability a priori in such situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Waterlow
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK.
| | - Stefan Flasche
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Amanda Minter
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Rosalind M Eggo
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
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17
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Drori Y, Pando R, Sefty H, Rosenberg A, Mendelson E, Keinan-Boker L, Shohat T, Mandelboim M, Glatman-Freedman A. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza in a vaccine-mismatched influenza B-dominant season. Vaccine 2020; 38:8387-8395. [PMID: 33243633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017-2018 influenza season in Israel was characterized by the predominance of influenza B Yamagata, with a lesser circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H3N2). We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the inactivated influenza vaccine which was selected for use that season. METHODS End-of-season VE and 95% confidence intervals (CI) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) were estimated by means of the test-negative design. Age-specific VE analysis was carried out using a moving age interval. RESULTS Specimen were obtained from 1,453 community ILI patients; 610 (42.0%) were influenza-positive, among which 69.7% were B, 17.2% A(H1N1)pdm09 and 13.4% A(H3N2). A 98.6% of molecularly characterized influenza B belonged to the Yamagata lineage. Of the sampled individuals, 1320 were suitable for VE analysis. Of those vaccinated, 90.6% received the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) containing a Victoria lineage influenza B-like virus. VE against influenza A differed by age, with the highest VE of 72.9% (95%CI 31.9-89.2%) observed in children 0.5-14 years old, while all ages VE was 46.6% (95%CI 10.4-68.2%). All ages VE against influenza B was 23.2% (95%CI -10.1-46.4%) with age-specific analysis showing non-significant VE estimates. Utilizing a moving age interval of 15 years, afforded a detailed age-specific insight into influenza VE against the influenza viruses circulating during the 2017-2018 season. CONCLUSIONS The moderate-high 2017-2018 influenza A VE among children and adolescents, supports seasonal influenza vaccination at a young age. The low VE against influenza B in Israel, is most likely the result of influenza B/TIV-mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - R Pando
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - H Sefty
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A Rosenberg
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - E Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Shohat
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Glatman-Freedman
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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18
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Influenza A Virus Inhibits RSV Infection via a Two-Wave Expression of IFIT Proteins. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101171. [PMID: 33081322 PMCID: PMC7589235 DOI: 10.3390/v12101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are respiratory viruses that primarily circulate worldwide during the autumn and winter seasons. Seasonal surveillance has shown that RSV infection generally precedes influenza. However, in the last four winter seasons (2016–2020) an overlap of the morbidity peaks of both viruses was observed in Israel, and was paralleled by significantly lower RSV infection rates. To investigate whether the influenza A virus inhibits RSV, human cervical carcinoma (HEp2) cells or mice were co-infected with influenza A and RSV. Influenza A inhibited RSV growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis of mouse lungs infected with influenza A identified a two-wave pattern of protein expression upregulation, which included members of the interferon-induced protein with the tetratricopeptide (IFITs) family. Interestingly, in the second wave, influenza A viruses were no longer detectable in mouse lungs. In addition, knockdown and overexpression of IFITs in HEp2 cells affected RSV multiplicity. In conclusion, influenza A infection inhibits RSV infectivity via upregulation of IFIT proteins in a two-wave modality. Understanding the immune system involvement in the interaction between influenza A and RSV viruses will contribute to the development of future treatment strategies against these viruses.
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COVID-19 in Light of Seasonal Respiratory Infections. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090240. [PMID: 32825427 PMCID: PMC7564908 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A wide diversity of zoonotic viruses that are capable of overcoming host range barriers facilitate the emergence of new potentially pandemic viruses in the human population. When faced with a new virus that is rapidly emerging in the human population, we have a limited knowledge base to work with. The pandemic invasion of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019 provided a unique possibility to quickly learn more about the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses. In this review, the impact of pandemics on the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses is considered. The emergence of novel respiratory viruses has often been accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Some issues arising from the spread of pandemic viruses and underlying the choices of a strategy to fight the coronavirus infection are discussed.
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Adenovirus load correlates with respiratory disease severity among hospitalized pediatric patients. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 97:145-150. [PMID: 32531431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens that can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal and other infections. We investigated the correlation between adenovirus viral load in clinical respiratory samples and the respiratory disease severity in pediatric patients. METHODS Medical records of patients hospitalized in the Sheba Medical Center (SMC) with confirmed adenovirus infection were retrospectively analyzed. The possible correlation between disease severity score and Real time PCR 'cycle threshold' (Ct), a proxy of viral load, was assessed in patients aged 9 years and under. In addition, Ct values of hospitalized versus community-care patient samples, positive for various respiratory viruses including adenovirus, were compared. RESULTS Adenovirus load in respiratory samples, as measured by Ct values, was found to be negatively correlated with respiratory disease severity in hospitalized pediatric patients aged under 9 years. Moreover, hospitalized patients presented with significantly higher Ct levels for various respiratory viruses as compared to community-care patients. CONCLUSION In this study we found a correlation between Ct values obtained from adenovirus q-PCR analysis of respiratory clinical samples and disease severity in patients aged 9 years and under. Such finding may serve as a predictor of respiratory disease course in pediatric patients and will be beneficial for the differential diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients.
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children. RSV is also a major viral pathogen causing severe lung disease in the adult population, particularly among the elderly. We conducted a review of adult RSV studies published from January 1970 to February 2017 to determine the burden of disease among adults worldwide. There were no restrictions on health care setting or definition of RSV infection. A total of 1530 published studies were identified, 95 of which were included in this review. The incidence rates of hospitalised RSV acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in adults >65 years old ranged from 7.3 to 13.0/105 population in Africa and Asia and from 190 to 254/105 population in the USA. Higher incidence rates (195–1790/105 population) were observed in adults ≥50 years old for outpatient or emergency visits in the USA. Of all ARI patients, RSV accounted for 1–10% in adults and 2–14% in patients with chronic diseases or transplantation. Given the limitations in the existing data, significant efforts should be made to generate evidence on the burden of RSV infections in adults and to estimate the potential impact of future preventive interventions.
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Glatman-Freedman A, Pando R, Sefty H, Omer I, Rosenberg A, Drori Y, Nemet I, Mendelson E, Keinan-Boker L, Mandelboim M. Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and its Association with Age-specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018-2019. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010078. [PMID: 32050460 PMCID: PMC7157661 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Influenza A (H3N2) clade 3C.3a was the predominant influenza virus in Israel throughout the 2018-2019 season, constituting a drift from the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine. We estimated the end-of season vaccine effectiveness (VE) by age, among community patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), considering the hemagglutinin (HA) gene mutations and amino acid substitutions of influenza A (H3N2) viruses detected. Methods: Nose-throat samples were analyzed for the presence of influenza virus, type/subtype, and HA gene sequence. HA gene sequences and amino acid substitutions were compared to the influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like 2018-2019 vaccine virus, and a phylogenetic tree was generated. Influenza VE against influenza A (H3N2) was estimated using the test-negative design. VE was estimated by age group and by 15 year moving age intervals. Results: In total, 90% of the influenza A (H3N2) viruses belonged to the 3C.3a clade, constituting a unique situation in the northern hemisphere. Adjusted all-age influenza A (H3N2) VE was −3.5% (95% CI: −51.2 to 29.1). Although adjusted VEs were very low among infants, children, and young adults, a VE of 45% (95% CI: −19.2 to 74.6) was estimated among adults aged ≥45 years old. Conclusions: The higher VE point estimates among older adults may be related to previous exposure to similar influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Rakefet Pando
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Itay Omer
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alina Rosenberg
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Yaron Drori
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
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Pomeranz G, Pando R, Hindiyeh M, Sherbany H, Meningher T, Sharabi S, Kolet L, Pomeranz A, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M. Rhinovirus infections in infants suggest that early detection can prevent unnecessary treatment. J Clin Virol 2019; 115:11-17. [PMID: 30952067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinoviruses (hRV) are small, RNA viruses of the Picornaviridae family, which are divided into three subtypes (A, B, C). hRVs are among the most common causes for acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) involving both the upper and lower respiratory tract. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the magnitude and characteristics of hRV infections in hospitalized children, aged less than 5 years, hospitalized in Israel during 2011-2012. STUDY DESIGN The 2503 respiratory samples were subjected to real-time PCR, to detect hRV and other respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus-positive samples were further tested by sequencing to identify the infecting species. RESULTS Of these 2503 respiratory samples, 422 tested positive for hRV, of them, 243 were from children under 5 years of age (58% of all rhinoviral-positive samples). We also found that among the ARI-associated hospital admissions, 16% were positive for rhinovirus. hRV type A was the most common species. Laboratory data showed monocytosis in 51%, hypercalcemia in 61% and lower respiratory tract involvement in 75% of patients. CONCLUSIONS We thus recommend including rhinovirus testing as part of the routine testing performed in young children presenting with ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Pomeranz
- Pediatric Department A, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel; The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hilda Sherbany
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Tal Meningher
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Sivan Sharabi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Kolet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | | | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Hindiyeh M, Mor O, Pando R, Mannasse B, Kabat A, Assraf-Zarfati H, Mendelson E, Sofer D, Mandelboim M. Comparison of the new fully automated extraction platform eMAG to the MagNA PURE 96 and the well-established easyMAG for detection of common human respiratory viruses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211079. [PMID: 30779757 PMCID: PMC6380621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections constitute the majority of samples tested in the clinical virology laboratory during the winter season, and are mainly diagnosed using molecular assays, namely real-time PCR (qPCR). Therefore, a high-quality extraction process is critical for successful, reliable and sensitive qPCR results. Here we aimed to evaluate the performance of the newly launched eMAG compared to the fully automated MagNA PURE 96 (Roche, Germany) and to the semi-automated easyMAG (bioMerieux, France) extraction platforms. For this analysis, we assessed and compared the analytic and clinical performance of the three platforms, using 262 archived respiratory samples positive or negative to common viruses regularly examined in our laboratory (influenza A, B, H1N1pdm, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza-3, adenovirus and negative samples). In addition, quantitated virus controls were used to determine the limit of detection of each extraction method. In all categories tested, eMAG results were comparable to those of the easyMAG and MagNa PURE 96, highly sensitive for all viruses and over 98% clinical specificity and sensitivity for all viruses tested. Together with its high level of automation, the bioMerieux eMAG is a high-quality extraction platform enabling effective molecular analysis and is mostly suitable for medium-sized laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Batya Mannasse
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Areej Kabat
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Assraf-Zarfati
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Danit Sofer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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25
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Winkler R, Gillis E, Lasman L, Safra M, Geula S, Soyris C, Nachshon A, Tai-Schmiedel J, Friedman N, Le-Trilling VTK, Trilling M, Mandelboim M, Hanna JH, Schwartz S, Stern-Ginossar N. m 6A modification controls the innate immune response to infection by targeting type I interferons. Nat Immunol 2018; 20:173-182. [PMID: 30559377 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common mRNA modification. Recent studies have revealed that depletion of m6A machinery leads to alterations in the propagation of diverse viruses. These effects were proposed to be mediated through dysregulated methylation of viral RNA. Here we show that following viral infection or stimulation of cells with an inactivated virus, deletion of the m6A 'writer' METTL3 or 'reader' YTHDF2 led to an increase in the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. Consequently, propagation of different viruses was suppressed in an interferon-signaling-dependent manner. Significantly, the mRNA of IFNB, the gene encoding the main cytokine that drives the type I interferon response, was m6A modified and was stabilized following repression of METTL3 or YTHDF2. Furthermore, we show that m6A-mediated regulation of interferon genes was conserved in mice. Together, our findings uncover the role m6A serves as a negative regulator of interferon response by dictating the fast turnover of interferon mRNAs and consequently facilitating viral propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Winkler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ella Gillis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Lasman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Modi Safra
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shay Geula
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Clara Soyris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julie Tai-Schmiedel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Mirko Trilling
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Schraga Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Canela LNP, Magalhães-Barbosa MCD, Raymundo CE, Carney S, Siqueira MM, Prata-Barbosa A, Cunha AJLAD. Viral detection profile in children with severe acute respiratory infection. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:402-411. [PMID: 30365924 PMCID: PMC7138071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The role of viral co-detection in children with severe acute respiratory infection is not clear. We described the viral detection profile and its association with clinical characteristics in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Method Longitudinal observational retrospective study, with patients aged 0–18 years, admitted to 11 PICUs in Rio de Janeiro, with suspected H1N1 infection, from June to November, 2009. The results of respiratory samples which were sent to the Laboratory of Fiocruz/RJ and clinical data extracted from specific forms were analyzed. Results Of 71 samples, 38% tested positive for H1N1 virus. Of the 63 samples tested for other viruses, 58 were positive: influenza H1N1 (43.1% of positive samples), rhinovirus/enterovirus (41.4%), respiratory syncytial vírus (12.1%), human metapneumovirus (12.1%), adenovirus (6.9%), and bocavirus (3.5%). Viral codetection occured in 22.4% of the cases. H1N1-positive patients were of a higher median age, had higher frequency of fever, cough and tachypnea, and decreased leukometry when compared to H1N1-negative patients. There was no difference in relation to severity outcomes (number of organic dysfunctions, use of mechanical ventilation or amines, hospital/PICU length of stay or death). Comparing the groups with mono-detection and co-dection of any virus, no difference was found regarding the association with any clinical variable. Conclusions Other viruses can be implicated in SARI in children. The role of viral codetection has not yet been completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sharon Carney
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonca Siqueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Friedman N, Alter H, Hindiyeh M, Mendelson E, Shemer Avni Y, Mandelboim M. Human Coronavirus Infections in Israel: Epidemiology, Clinical Symptoms and Summer Seasonality of HCoV-HKU1. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100515. [PMID: 30241410 PMCID: PMC6213580 DOI: 10.3390/v10100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause mild to severe respiratory diseases. Six types of HCoVs have been discovered, the most recent one termed the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The aim of this study is to monitor the circulation of HCoV types in the population during 2015–2016 in Israel. HCoVs were detected by real-time PCR analysis in 1910 respiratory samples, collected from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients during the winter sentinel influenza survey across Israel. Moreover, 195 HCoV-positive samples from hospitalized patients were detected during one year at Soroka University Medical Center. While no MERS-CoV infections were detected, 10.36% of patients in the survey were infected with HCoV-OC43 (43.43%), HCoV-NL63 (44.95%), and HCoV-229E (11.62%) viruses. The HCoVs were shown to co-circulate with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to appear prior to influenza virus infections. HCoV clinical symptoms were more severe than those of RSV infections but milder than influenza symptoms. Hospitalized patients had similar HCoV types percentages. However, while it was absent from the public winter survey, 22.6% of the patients were HCoV-HKU1 positives, mainly during the spring-summer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, P.O.B. 5265601, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Hadar Alter
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, P.O.B. 5265601, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, P.O.B. 5265601, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, P.O.B. 5265601, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Yonat Shemer Avni
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, and the Clinical Virology Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, P.O.B. 5265601, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Pando R, Sharabi S, Mandelboim M. Exceptional influenza morbidity in summer season of 2017 in Israel may predict the vaccine efficiency in the coming winter. Vaccine 2018; 36:1326-1329. [PMID: 29429813 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza infections are the leading cause of respiratory viral infections worldwide, and are mostly common in the winter season. The seasonal influenza vaccine is currently the most effective preventive modality against influenza infection. Immediately following each winter season the World Health Organization (WHO) announces the vaccine composition for the following winter. Unexpectedly, during the summer of 2017, in Israel, we observed in hospitalized patients, an exceptionally high numbers of Influenza positive cases. The majority of the influenza B infections were caused by influenza B/Yamagata lineage, which did not circulate in Israel in the previous winter, and most of the influenza A infections were caused by influenza A/H3N2, a strain similar to the strain that circulated in Israel in the previous winter. We therefore predict that these two viruses will circulate in the coming winter of 2017/18 and that the trivalent vaccine, which includes antigenically different viruses will be inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakefet Pando
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sivan Sharabi
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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29
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Opatowski L, Baguelin M, Eggo RM. Influenza interaction with cocirculating pathogens and its impact on surveillance, pathogenesis, and epidemic profile: A key role for mathematical modelling. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006770. [PMID: 29447284 PMCID: PMC5814058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that influenza virus interacts with other pathogens colonising or infecting the human respiratory tract. Taking into account interactions with other pathogens may be critical to determining the real influenza burden and the full impact of public health policies targeting influenza. This is particularly true for mathematical modelling studies, which have become critical in public health decision-making. Yet models usually focus on influenza virus acquisition and infection alone, thereby making broad oversimplifications of pathogen ecology. Herein, we report evidence of influenza virus interactions with bacteria and viruses and systematically review the modelling studies that have incorporated interactions. Despite the many studies examining possible associations between influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, etc., very few mathematical models have integrated other pathogens alongside influenza. The notable exception is the pneumococcus-influenza interaction, for which several recent modelling studies demonstrate the power of dynamic modelling as an approach to test biological hypotheses on interaction mechanisms and estimate the strength of those interactions. We explore how different interference mechanisms may lead to unexpected incidence trends and possible misinterpretation, and we illustrate the impact of interactions on public health surveillance using simple transmission models. We demonstrate that the development of multipathogen models is essential to assessing the true public health burden of influenza and that it is needed to help improve planning and evaluation of control measures. Finally, we identify the public health, surveillance, modelling, and biological challenges and propose avenues of research for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulla Opatowski
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marc Baguelin
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. Eggo
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Sharabi S, Bassal R, Friedman N, Drori Y, Alter H, Glatman-Freedman A, Hindiyeh M, Cohen D, Mendelson E, Shohat T, Mandelboim M. Forty five percent of the Israeli population were infected with the influenza B Victoria virus during the winter season 2015-16. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6623-6629. [PMID: 29464098 PMCID: PMC5814238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While infection with influenza A viruses has been extensively investigated, infections with influenza B viruses which are commonly categorized into the highly homologous Victoria and Yamagata lineages, are less studied, despite their considerable virulence. Here we used RT-PCR assays, hemagglutination inhibition assays and antibody titers to determine the levels of influenza B infection. We report of high influenza B Victoria virus prevalence in the 2015-16 winter season in Israel, affecting approximately half of the Israeli population. We further show that the Victoria B virus infected individuals of all ages and that it was present in the country throughout the entire winter season. The vaccine however included the inappropriate Yamagata virus. We propose that a quadrivalent vaccine, that includes both Yamagata and Victoria lineages, should be considered for future influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Sharabi
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Bassal
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Alter
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamy Shohat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Zheng X, Song Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang XL. Possible interference between seasonal epidemics of influenza and other respiratory viruses in Hong Kong, 2014-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:772. [PMID: 29246199 PMCID: PMC5732536 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike influenza viruses, little is known about the prevalence and seasonality of other respiratory viruses because laboratory surveillance for non-influenza respiratory viruses is not well developed or supported in China and other resource-limited countries. We studied the interference between seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses and five other common viruses that cause respiratory illnesses in Hong Kong from 2014 to 2017. Methods The weekly laboratory-confirmed positive rates of each virus were analyzed from 2014 to 2017 in Hong Kong to describe the epidemiological trends and interference between influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus, enterovirus and rhinovirus. A sinusoidal model was established to estimate the peak timing of each virus by phase angle parameters. Results Seasonal features of the influenza viruses, PIV, enterovirus and adenovirus were obvious, whereas annual peaks of RSV and rhinovirus were not observed. The incidence of the influenza viruses usually peaked in February and July, and the summer peaks in July were generally caused by the H3 subtype of influenza A alone. When influenza viruses were active, other viruses tended to have a low level of activity. The peaks of the influenza viruses were not synchronized. An epidemic of rhinovirus tended to shift the subsequent epidemics of the other viruses. Conclusion The evidence from recent surveillance data in Hong Kong suggests that viral interference during the epidemics of influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses might affect the timing and duration of subsequent epidemics of a certain or several viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyu Song
- Department of Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ling Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
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Stein Y, Mandelboim M, Sefty H, Pando R, Mendelson E, Shohat T, Glatman-Freedman A, Muhamed A, Arkadi A, Yoav A, Shlomo A, Galab A, Lev D, Akiva F, Michael G, Ali HD, Kamil H, Yael H, Ella K, Angela K, Yoseph L, Tali L, Alexander L, Nadia MW, Nir M, Oded M, Idit M, Margarita N, Shiri PM, Karen R, Nirit S, Eva S, Rephael S, Paul S, Ronen Y, Ran Z. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Primary Care in Israel, 2016–2017 Season: Insights Into Novel Age-Specific Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 66:1383-1391. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Stein
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tamy Shohat
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla
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Glatman-Freedman A, Drori Y, Beni SA, Friedman N, Pando R, Sefty H, Tal I, McCauley J, Rahav G, Keller N, Shohat T, Mendelson E, Hindiyeh M, Mandelboim M. Genetic divergence of Influenza A(H3N2) amino acid substitutions mark the beginning of the 2016-2017 winter season in Israel. J Clin Virol 2017; 93:71-75. [PMID: 28672275 PMCID: PMC5711789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccine composition is reevaluated each year due to the frequency and accumulation of genetic changes that influenza viruses undergo. The beginning of the 2016-2017 influenza surveillance period in Israel has been marked by the dominance of influenza A(H3N2). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the type, subtype, genetic evolution and amino acid substitutions of influenza A(H3N2) viruses detected among community patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with respiratory illness in the first weeks of the 2016-2017 influenza season. STUDY DESIGN Respiratory samples from community patients with influenza-like illness and from hospitalized patients underwent identification, subtyping and molecular characterization. Hemagglutinin sequences were compared to the vaccine strain, phylogenetic tree was created, and amino acid substitutions were determined. RESULTS Influenza A(H3N2) predominated during the early stages of the 2016-2017 influenza season. Noticeably, approximately 20% of community patients and 36% of hospitalized patients, positive for influenza3), received the 2016-2017 influenza vaccine. The influenza A(H3N2) viruses demonstrated genetic divergence from the vaccine strain into three separate subgroups within the 3C.2a clade. One resembled the new 3C.2a1 subclade, one resembled the recently proposed 3C.2a2 subclade and the other was not previously described. Diversity was observed within each subgroup, in terms of additional amino acid substitutions. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the 2016-2017 A(H3N2) influenza viruses is imperative for determining the future influenza vaccine composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Departments of Pediatrics and Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Yaron Drori
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Alexandra Beni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Tal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galia Rahav
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Microbiology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tamy Shohat
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Nguyen HKL, Nguyen SV, Nguyen AP, Hoang PMV, Le TT, Nguyen TC, Hoang HT, Vuong CD, Tran LTT, Le MQ. Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) for Hospitalized Patients in Northern Vietnam, 2011-2014. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:522-527. [PMID: 28367882 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) are leading causes of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in children worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify viral pathogens responsible for SARI in northern Vietnam in the period from 2011 to 2014. Throat swabs and tracheal aspirates were collected from SARI patients according to WHO guidelines. The presence of 13 different viral pathogens (influenza A[H1N1]pdm09; A/H3N2; A/H5; A/H7 and B; para influenza 1,2,3; RSV; HMPV; adeno; severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and rhino) was tested by conventional/real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. During the study period, 975 samples were collected and tested. More than 30% (32.1%, 313 samples) of the samples showed evidence of infection with influenza viruses, including A/H3N2 (48 samples), A (H1N1) pdm09 (221 samples), influenza B (42 samples), and co-infection of A (H1N1) pdm09 or A/H3N2 and influenza B (2 samples). Other respiratory pathogens were detected in 101 samples, including rhinovirus (73 samples), adenovirus (10 samples), hMPV (9 samples), parainfluenza 3 (5 samples), parainfluenza 2 (3 samples), and RSV (1 sample). Influenza A/H5, A/H7, or SARS-CoV were not detected. Respiratory viral infection, particularly infection of influenza and rhinoviruses, were associated with high rates of SARI hospitalization, and future studies correlating the clinical aspects are needed to design interventions, including targeted vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Son Vu Nguyen
- Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Thanh Thi Le
- Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
| | - Thach Co Nguyen
- Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
| | - Huong Thu Hoang
- Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
| | - Cuong Duc Vuong
- Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
| | | | - Mai Quynh Le
- Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
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Influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B virus co-infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients during the 2015–2016 epidemic season in Israel. J Clin Virol 2017; 88:12-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Minchole E, Figueredo AL, Omeñaca M, Panadero C, Royo L, Vengoechea JJ, Fandos S, de Pablo F, Bello S. Seasonal Influenza A H1N1pdm09 Virus and Severe Outcomes: A Reason for Broader Vaccination in Non-Elderly, At-Risk People. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165711. [PMID: 27832114 PMCID: PMC5104455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent pandemics of influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus have caused severe illness, especially in young people. Very few studies on influenza A H1N1pdm09 in post-pandemic periods exist, and there is no information on the severity of both seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) from the same season, adjusting for potential confounders, including vaccine. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective observational study of adults hospitalized during the 2014 season with influenza A(H1N1) or A(H3N2). All patients underwent the same diagnostic and therapeutic protocol in a single hospital, including early Oseltamivir therapy. We included 234 patients: 146 (62.4%) influenza A(H1N1) and 88 (37.6%) A(H3N2). A(H1N1) patients were younger (p<0.01), developed more pneumonia (p<0.01), respiratory complications (p = 0.015), ARDS (p = 0.047), and septic shock (p = 0.049), were more frequently admitted to the ICU (p = 0.022), required IMV (p = 0.049), and were less frequently vaccinated (p = 0.008). After adjusting for age, comorbidities, time from onset of illness, and vaccine status, influenza A(H1N1) (OR, 2.525), coinfection (OR, 2.821), and no vaccination (OR, 3.086) were independent risk factors for severe disease. Conclusions Hospitalized patients with influenza A(H1N1) were more than twice as likely to have severe influenza. They were younger and most had not received the vaccine. Our findings suggest that seasonal influenza A(H1N1) maintains some features of pandemic viruses, and recommend wider use of vaccination in younger adult high-risk patients.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/complications
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Middle Aged
- Oseltamivir/therapeutic use
- Pneumonia/etiology
- Pneumonia/virology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Seasons
- Shock, Septic/etiology
- Shock, Septic/virology
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Minchole
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana L. Figueredo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Omeñaca
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carolina Panadero
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Royo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose J. Vengoechea
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Fandos
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco de Pablo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Bello
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Sharabi S, Drori Y, Micheli M, Friedman N, Orzitzer S, Bassal R, Glatman-Freedman A, Shohat T, Mendelson E, Hindiyeh M, Mandelboim M. Epidemiological and Virological Characterization of Influenza B Virus Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161195. [PMID: 27533045 PMCID: PMC4988634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While influenza A viruses comprise a heterogeneous group of clinically relevant influenza viruses, influenza B viruses form a more homogeneous cluster, divided mainly into two lineages: Victoria and Yamagata. This divergence has complicated seasonal influenza vaccine design, which traditionally contained two seasonal influenza A virus strains and one influenza B virus strain. We examined the distribution of the two influenza B virus lineages in Israel, between 2011–2014, in hospitalized and in non-hospitalized (community) influenza B virus-infected patients. We showed that influenza B virus infections can lead to hospitalization and demonstrated that during some winter seasons, both influenza B virus lineages circulated simultaneously in Israel. We further show that the influenza B virus Yamagata lineage was dominant, circulating in the county in the last few years of the study period, consistent with the anti-Yamagata influenza B virus antibodies detected in the serum samples of affected individuals residing in Israel in the year 2014. Interestingly, we found that elderly people were particularly vulnerable to Yamagata lineage influenza B virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Sharabi
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Micheli
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Orzitzer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Ravit Bassal
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Tamar Shohat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Antón A, Marcos MA, Torner N, Isanta R, Camps M, Martínez A, Domínguez A, Jané M, Jiménez de Anta MT, Pumarola T. Virological surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses during six consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2012 in Catalonia, Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:564.e1-9. [PMID: 26939538 PMCID: PMC7172104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most attention is given to seasonal influenza and respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks, but the cumulative burden caused by other respiratory viruses (RV) is not widely considered. The aim of the present study is to describe the circulation of RV in the general population during six consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2012 in Catalonia, Spain. Cell culture, immunofluorescence and PCR-based assays were used for the RV laboratory-confirmation and influenza subtyping. Phylogenetic and molecular characterizations of viral haemagglutinin, partial neuraminidase and matrix 2 proteins were performed from a representative sampling of influenza viruses. A total of 6315 nasopharyngeal samples were collected, of which 64% were laboratory-confirmed, mainly as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses. Results show the significant burden of viral aetiological agents in acute respiratory infection, particularly in the youngest cases. The study of influenza strains reveals their continuous evolution through either progressive mutations or by segment reassortments. Moreover, the predominant influenza B lineage was different from that included in the recommended vaccine in half of the studied seasons, supporting the formulation and use of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Regarding neuraminidase inhibitors resistance, with the exception of the 2007/08 H275Y seasonal A(H1N1) strains, no other circulating influenza strains carrying known resistance genetic markers were found. Moreover, all circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) strains finally became genetically resistant to adamantanes. A wide knowledge of the seasonality patterns of the RV in the general population is well-appreciated, but it is a challenge due to the unpredictable circulation of RV, highlighting the value of local and global RV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antón
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona - ISGlobal - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M A Marcos
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona - ISGlobal - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Torner
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Isanta
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona - ISGlobal - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Camps
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona - ISGlobal - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martínez
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Domínguez
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Jané
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Jiménez de Anta
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona - ISGlobal - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Pumarola
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona - ISGlobal - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Yang L, Chan KH, Suen LKP, Chan KP, Wang X, Cao P, He D, Peiris JSM, Wong CM. Impact of the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic on Age-Specific Epidemic Curves of Other Respiratory Viruses: A Comparison of Pre-Pandemic, Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Periods in a Subtropical City. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125447. [PMID: 25928217 PMCID: PMC4416050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic caused offseason peaks in temperate regions but coincided with the summer epidemic of seasonal influenza and other common respiratory viruses in subtropical Hong Kong. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on age-specific epidemic curves of other respiratory viruses. METHODS Weekly laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A (subtypes seasonal A(H1N1), A(H3N2), pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09), influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus and parainfluenza were obtained from 2004 to 2013. Age-specific epidemic curves of viruses other than A(H1N1)pdm09 were compared between the pre-pandemic (May 2004-April 2009), pandemic (May 2009-April 2010) and post-pandemic periods (May 2010-April 2013). RESULTS There were two peaks of A(H1N1)pdm09 in Hong Kong, the first in September 2009 and the second in February 2011. The infection rate was found highest in young children in both waves, but markedly fewer cases in school children were recorded in the second wave than in the first wave. Positive proportions of viruses other than A(H1N1)pdm09 markedly decreased in all age groups during the first pandemic wave. After the first wave of the pandemic, the positive proportion of A(H3N2) increased, but those of B and RSV remained slightly lower than their pre-pandemic proportions. Changes in seasonal pattern and epidemic peak time were also observed, but inconsistent across virus-age groups. CONCLUSION Our findings provide some evidence that age distribution, seasonal pattern and peak time of other respiratory viruses have changed since the pandemic. These changes could be the result of immune interference and changing health seeking behavior, but the mechanism behind still needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (CMW); (LY)
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lorna K. P. Suen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - King Pan Chan
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiling Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Peihua Cao
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daihai He
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - J. S. Malik Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chit Ming Wong
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (CMW); (LY)
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Sherbany H, McCauley J, Meningher T, Hindiyeh M, Dichtiar R, Markovich MP, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M. Return of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:710. [PMID: 25551676 PMCID: PMC4375933 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza pandemics are usually caused by the re-assortment of several influenza viruses, results in the emergence of new influenza virus strains that can infect the entire population. These pandemic strains, as well as seasonal influenza viruses, are subjected to extensive antigenic change that has, so far, prevented the generation of a universal vaccine. Methods Samples of patients hospitalized due to infection with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (A(H1N1)pdm09) from 2009, when the virus first appeared, until 2013 were analyzed. Results While many patients were hospitalized in 2009 due to infection with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus, only small percentages of patients were hospitalized later in 2010–2012. Surprisingly, however in 2012–2013, we noticed that the percentages of patients hospitalized due to the pandemic H1N1 influenza infection increased significantly. Moreover, the ages of hospitalized patients differed throughout this entire period (2009–2013) and pregnant women were especially vulnerable to the infection. Conclusions High percentages of patients (especially pregnant women) were hospitalized in 2013 due to the A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, which may have been enabled by an antigenic drift from those which circulated at the onset of the pandemic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0710-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Sherbany
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK.
| | - Tal Meningher
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Rita Dichtiar
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Gertner Institute for Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Michal Perry Markovich
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Gertner Institute for Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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