1
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Keagy J, Hofmann HA, Boughman JW. Mate choice in the brain: species differ in how male traits 'turn on' gene expression in female brains. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240121. [PMID: 39079663 PMCID: PMC11288669 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mate choice plays a fundamental role in speciation, yet we know little about the molecular mechanisms that underpin this crucial decision-making process. Stickleback fish differentially adapted to limnetic and benthic habitats are reproductively isolated and females of each species use different male traits to evaluate prospective partners and reject heterospecific males. Here, we integrate behavioural data from a mate choice experiment with gene expression profiles from the brains of females actively deciding whether to mate. We find substantial gene expression variation between limnetic and benthic females, regardless of behavioural context, suggesting general divergence in constitutive gene expression patterns, corresponding to their genetic differentiation. Intriguingly, female gene co-expression modules covary with male display traits but in opposing directions for sympatric populations of the two species, suggesting male displays elicit a dynamic neurogenomic response that reflects known differences in female preferences. Furthermore, we confirm the role of numerous candidate genes previously implicated in female mate choice in other species, suggesting evolutionary tinkering with these conserved molecular processes to generate divergent mate preferences. Taken together, our study adds important new insights to our understanding of the molecular processes underlying female decision-making critical for generating sexual isolation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Keagy
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hans A. Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Behrens C, Maciejewski MF, Arredondo E, Dalziel AC, Weir LK, Bell AM. Divergence in Reproductive Behaviors Is Associated with the Evolutionary Loss of Parental Care. Am Nat 2024; 203:590-603. [PMID: 38635363 DOI: 10.1086/729465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the divergence of reproductive strategies between closely related species are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unclear which selective factors drive the evolution of reproductive behavioral variation and how these traits coevolve, particularly during early divergence. To address these questions, we quantified behavioral differences in a recently diverged pair of Nova Scotian three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations, which vary in parental care, with one population displaying paternal care and the other lacking this. We compared both populations, and a full reciprocal F1 hybrid cross, across four major reproductive stages: territoriality, nesting, courtship, and parenting. We identified significant divergence in a suite of heritable behaviors. Importantly, F1 hybrids exhibited a mix of behavioral patterns, some of which suggest sex linkage. This system offers fresh insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of reproductive behaviors during early divergence and offers support for the hypothesis that coevolutionary feedback between sexual selection and parental care can drive rapid evolution of reproductive strategies.
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3
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Siddiqui R, Swank S, Ozark A, Joaquin F, Travis MP, McMahan CD, Bell MA, Stuart YE. Inferring the evolution of reproductive isolation in a lineage of fossil threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus doryssus. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240337. [PMID: 38628124 PMCID: PMC11021931 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Darwin attributed the absence of species transitions in the fossil record to his hypothesis that speciation occurs within isolated habitat patches too geographically restricted to be captured by fossil sequences. Mayr's peripatric speciation model added that such speciation would be rapid, further explaining missing evidence of diversification. Indeed, Eldredge and Gould's original punctuated equilibrium model combined Darwin's conjecture, Mayr's model and 124 years of unsuccessfully sampling the fossil record for transitions. Observing such divergence, however, could illustrate the tempo and mode of evolution during early speciation. Here, we investigate peripatric divergence in a Miocene stickleback fish, Gasterosteus doryssus. This lineage appeared and, over approximately 8000 generations, evolved significant reduction of 12 of 16 traits related to armour, swimming and diet, relative to its ancestral population. This was greater morphological divergence than we observed between reproductively isolated, benthic-limnetic ecotypes of extant Gasterosteus aculeatus. Therefore, we infer that reproductive isolation was evolving. However, local extinction of G. doryssus lineages shows how young, isolated, speciating populations often disappear, supporting Darwin's explanation for missing evidence and revealing a mechanism behind morphological stasis. Extinction may also account for limited sustained divergence within the stickleback species complex and help reconcile speciation rate variation observed across time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheyma Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Swank
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allison Ozark
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Franklin Joaquin
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew P. Travis
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Bell
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yoel E. Stuart
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Tiddy IC, Schneider K, Elmer KR. Environmental correlates of adaptive diversification in postglacial freshwater fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:517-535. [PMID: 37984834 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Determining how environmental conditions contribute to divergence among populations and drive speciation is fundamental to resolving mechanisms and understanding outcomes in evolutionary biology. Postglacial freshwater fish species in the Northern Hemisphere are ideal biological systems to explore the effects of environment on diversification in morphology, ecology, and genetics (ecomorph divergences) within lakes. To date, various environmental factors have been implicated in the presence of multiple ecomorphs within particular lakes or regions. However, concerted evidence for generalizable patterns in environmental variables associated with speciation across geographical regions and across species and genera has been lacking. Here, we aimed to identify key biotic and abiotic factors associated with ecological divergence of postglacial freshwater fish species into multiple sympatric ecomorphs, focusing on species in the well-studied, widespread, and co-distributed genera Gasterosteus, Salvelinus, and Coregonus (stickleback, charr, and whitefish, respectively). We found that the presence of multiple sympatric ecomorphs tended to be associated with increasing lake surface area, maximum depth, and nutrient availability. In addition, predation, competition, and prey availability were suggested to play a role in divergence into multiple ecomorphs, but the effects of biotic factors require further study. Although we identified several environmental factors correlated with the presence of multiple ecomorphs, there were substantial data gaps across species and regions. An improved understanding of these systems may provide insight into both generalizable environmental factors involved in speciation in other systems, and potential ecological and evolutionary responses of species complexes when these variables are altered by environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Tiddy
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kevin Schneider
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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5
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Heckley AM, Pearce AE, Gotanda KM, Hendry AP, Oke KB. Compiling forty years of guppy research to investigate the factors contributing to (non)parallel evolution. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1414-1431. [PMID: 36098479 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Examples of parallel evolution have been crucial for our understanding of adaptation via natural selection. However, strong parallelism is not always observed even in seemingly similar environments where natural selection is expected to favour similar phenotypes. Leveraging this variation in parallelism within well-researched study systems can provide insight into the factors that contribute to variation in adaptive responses. Here we analyse the results of 36 studies reporting 446 average trait values in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from different predation regimes. We examine how the extent of predator-driven phenotypic parallelism is influenced by six factors: sex, trait type, rearing environment, ecological complexity, evolutionary history, and time since colonization. Analyses show that parallel evolution in guppies is highly variable and weak on average, with only 24.7% of the variation among populations being explained by predation regime. Levels of parallelism appeared to be especially weak for colour traits, and parallelism decreased with increasing complexity of evolutionary history (i.e., when estimates of parallelism from populations within a single drainage were compared to estimates of parallelism from populations pooled between two major drainages). Suggestive - but not significant - trends that warrant further research include interactions between the sexes and different trait categories. Quantifying and accounting for these and other sources of variation among evolutionary 'replicates' can be leveraged to better understand the extent to which seemingly similar environments drive parallel and nonparallel aspects of phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allegra E Pearce
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biology, Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krista B Oke
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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6
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Non-parallel morphological divergence following colonization of a new host plant. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAdaptation to new ecological niches is known to spur population diversification and may lead to speciation if gene flow is ceased. While adaptation to the same ecological niche is expected to be parallel, it is more difficult to predict whether selection against maladaptive hybridization in secondary sympatry results in parallel divergence also in traits that are not directly related to the ecological niches. Such parallelisms in response to selection for reproductive isolation can be identified through estimating parallelism in reproductive character displacement across different zones of secondary contact. Here, we use a host shift in the phytophagous peacock fly Tephritis conura, with both host races represented in two geographically separate areas East and West of the Baltic Sea to investigate convergence in morphological adaptations. We asked (i) if there are consistent morphological adaptations to a host plant shift and (ii) if the response to secondary sympatry with the alternate host race is parallel across contact zones. We found surprisingly low and variable, albeit significant, divergence between host races. Only one trait, the length of the female ovipositor, which serves an important function in the interaction with the hosts, was consistently different between host races. Instead, co-existence with the other host race significantly affected the degree of morphological divergence, but the divergence was largely driven by different traits in different contact zones. Thus, local stochastic fixation or reinforcement could generate trait divergence, and additional evidence is needed to conclude whether divergence is locally adaptive.
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7
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Aguirre WE, Reid K, Rivera J, Heins DC, Veeramah KR, Bell MA. Freshwater Colonization, Adaptation, and Genomic Divergence in Threespine Stickleback. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:388-405. [PMID: 35660873 PMCID: PMC9405723 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Threespine Stickleback is ancestrally a marine fish, but many marine populations breed in fresh water (i.e., are anadromous), facilitating their colonization of isolated freshwater habitats a few years after they form. Repeated adaptation to fresh water during at least 10 My and continuing today has led to Threespine Stickleback becoming a premier system to study rapid adaptation. Anadromous and freshwater stickleback breed in sympatry and may hybridize, resulting in introgression of freshwater-adaptive alleles into anadromous populations, where they are maintained at low frequencies as ancient standing genetic variation. Anadromous stickleback have accumulated hundreds of freshwater-adaptive alleles that are disbursed as few loci per marine individual and provide the basis for adaptation when they colonize fresh water. Recent whole-lake experiments in lakes around Cook Inlet, Alaska have revealed how astonishingly rapid and repeatable this process is, with the frequency of 40% of the identified freshwater-adaptive alleles increasing from negligible (∼1%) in the marine founder to ≥50% within ten generations in fresh water, and freshwater phenotypes evolving accordingly. These high rates of genomic and phenotypic evolution imply very intense directional selection on phenotypes of heterozygotes. Sexual recombination rapidly assembles freshwater-adaptive alleles that originated in different founders into multilocus freshwater haplotypes, and regions important for adaptation to freshwater have suppressed recombination that keeps advantageous alleles linked within large haploblocks. These large haploblocks are also older and appear to have accumulated linked advantageous mutations. The contemporary evolution of Threespine Stickleback has provided broadly applicable insights into the mechanisms that facilitate rapid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Windsor E Aguirre
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Kerry Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jessica Rivera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David C Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, USA
| | - Krishna R Veeramah
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael A Bell
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Jin B, Barbash DA, Castillo DM. Divergent selection on behavioural and chemical traits between reproductively isolated populations of Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:693-707. [PMID: 35411988 PMCID: PMC9320809 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Speciation is driven by traits that can act to prevent mating between nascent lineages, including male courtship and female preference for male traits. Mating barriers involving these traits evolve quickly because there is strong selection on males and females to maximize reproductive success, and the tight co-evolution of mating interactions can lead to rapid diversification of sexual behaviour. Populations of Drosophila melanogaster show strong asymmetrical reproductive isolation that is correlated with geographic origin. Using strains that capture natural variation in mating traits, we ask two key questions: which specific male traits are females selecting, and are these traits under divergent sexual selection? These questions have proven extremely challenging to answer, because even in closely related lineages males often differ in multiple traits related to mating behaviour. We address these questions by estimating selection gradients for male courtship and cuticular hydrocarbons for two different female genotypes. We identify specific behaviours and particular cuticular hydrocarbons that are under divergent sexual selection and could potentially contribute to premating reproductive isolation. Additionally, we report that a subset of these traits are plastic; males adjust these traits based on the identity of the female genotype they interact with. These results suggest that even when male courtship is not fixed between lineages, ongoing selection can act on traits that are important for reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhou Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Daniel A. Barbash
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean M. Castillo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at OmahaOmahaNebraskaUSA
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9
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Boughman JW, Servedio MR. The ecological stage maintains preference differentiation and promotes speciation. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:926-938. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology; Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Maria R. Servedio
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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10
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Lin SW, Lopardo L, Uhl G. Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual selection has been shown to drive speciation. In dwarf spiders (erigonines), males possess diverse, sexually selected prosomal structures with nuptial-gift-producing glands. The genus Oedothorax is suitable for investigating the evolution of these features due to high structural variation. We have re-delimited this genus based on a phylogenetic analysis. Ten species are Oedothorax s.s.; five are transferred back to their original generic placement; 25 remain unplaced as ‘Oedothorax’. Four junior synonymies are proposed: Callitrichia simplex to Ca. holmi comb. nov.; Gongylidioides kougianensis to G. insulanus comb. nov.; Ummeliata ziaowutai to U. esyunini comb. nov.; Oe. kathmandu to Mitrager unicolor comb. nov. Oedothorax seminolus is a junior synonym of Soulgas corticarius and the transfer of Oe. alascensis to Halorates is confirmed. The replacement name Ca. hirsuta is proposed for Ca. pilosa. The male of Callitrichia longiducta comb. nov. and the female of ‘Oedothorax’ nazareti are newly described. Thirty-eight Oedothorax species are transferred to other genera. Callitrichia spinosa is transferred to Holmelgonia. Three genera are erected: Cornitibia, Emertongone and Jilinus. Ophrynia and Toschia are synonymized with Callitrichia. Character optimization suggests multiple origins of different prosomal modification types. Convergent evolution in these traits suggests that sexual selection has played an important role in erigonine diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Wang Lin
- Department of General and Systematic Zoology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Lopardo
- Department of General and Systematic Zoology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriele Uhl
- Department of General and Systematic Zoology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Lafuente E, Lürig MD, Rövekamp M, Matthews B, Buser C, Vorburger C, Räsänen K. Building on 150 Years of Knowledge: The Freshwater Isopod Asellus aquaticus as an Integrative Eco-Evolutionary Model System. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.748212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between organisms and their environments are central to how biological diversity arises and how natural populations and ecosystems respond to environmental change. These interactions involve processes by which phenotypes are affected by or respond to external conditions (e.g., via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection) as well as processes by which organisms reciprocally interact with the environment (e.g., via eco-evolutionary feedbacks). Organism-environment interactions can be highly dynamic and operate on different hierarchical levels, from genes and phenotypes to populations, communities, and ecosystems. Therefore, the study of organism-environment interactions requires integrative approaches and model systems that are suitable for studies across different hierarchical levels. Here, we introduce the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus, a keystone species and an emerging invertebrate model system, as a prime candidate to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution, and the interfaces therein. We review relevant fields of research that have used A. aquaticus and draft a set of specific scientific questions that can be answered using this species. Specifically, we propose that studies on A. aquaticus can help understanding (i) the influence of host-microbiome interactions on organismal and ecosystem function, (ii) the relevance of biotic interactions in ecosystem processes, and (iii) how ecological conditions and evolutionary forces facilitate phenotypic diversification.
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12
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Candolin U, Jensen I. Phenotypic plasticity in courtship exposed to selection in a human-disturbed environment. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2392-2401. [PMID: 34745333 PMCID: PMC8549619 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When environments change rapidly, evolutionary processes may be too slow to rescue populations from decline. Persistence then hinges on plastic adjustments of critical traits to the altered conditions. However, the degree to which species harbour the necessary plasticity and the degree to which the plasticity is exposed to selection in human-disturbed environments are poorly known. We show that a population of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) harbours variation in plasticity in male courtship behaviour, which is exposed to selection when visibility deteriorates because of enhanced algal growth. Females in clear water show no preference for plastic males, while females in algal-rich, turbid water switch their mate preference towards males with adaptive plasticity. Thus, while the plasticity is not selected for in the original clear water environment, it comes under selection in turbid water. However, much maladaptive plasticity is present in the population, probably because larger turbidity fluctuations have been rare in the past. Thus, the probability that the plasticity will improve the ability of the population to cope with human-induced increases in turbidity-and possibly facilitate genetic adaptation-depends on its prevalence and genetic basis. In conclusion, our results show that rapid human-induced environmental change can expose phenotypic plasticity to selection, but that much of the plasticity can be maladaptive, also when the altered conditions represent extremes of earlier encountered conditions. Thus, whether the plasticity will improve population viability remains questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Candolin
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Irene Jensen
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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13
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Calabrese GM, Pfennig KS. Reinforcement and the Proliferation of Species. J Hered 2021; 111:138-146. [PMID: 31850499 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiations are characterized by the rapid proliferation of species. Explaining how adaptive radiations occur therefore depends, in part, on identifying how populations become reproductively isolated-and ultimately become different species. Such reproductive isolation could arise when populations adapting to novel niches experience selection to avoid interbreeding and, consequently, evolve mating traits that minimize such hybridization via the process of reinforcement. Here, we highlight that a downstream consequence of reinforcement is divergence of conspecific populations, and this further divergence can instigate species proliferation. Moreover, we evaluate when reinforcement will-and will not-promote species proliferation. Finally, we discuss empirical approaches to test what role, if any, reinforcement plays in species proliferation and, consequently, in adaptive radiation. To date, reinforcement's downstream effects on species proliferation remain largely unknown and speculative. Because the ecological and evolutionary contexts in which adaptive radiations occur are conducive to reinforcement and its downstream consequences, adaptive radiations provide an ideal framework in which to evaluate reinforcement's role in diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Calabrese
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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14
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Garcia-Elfring A, Paccard A, Thurman TJ, Wasserman BA, Palkovacs EP, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Using seasonal genomic changes to understand historical adaptation to new environments: Parallel selection on stickleback in highly-variable estuaries. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2054-2064. [PMID: 33713378 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parallel evolution is considered strong evidence for natural selection. However, few studies have investigated the process of parallel selection as it plays out in real time. The common approach is to study historical signatures of selection in populations already well adapted to different environments. Here, to document selection under natural conditions, we study six populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) inhabiting bar-built estuaries that undergo seasonal cycles of environmental changes. Estuaries are periodically isolated from the ocean due to sandbar formation during dry summer months, with concurrent environmental shifts that resemble the long-term changes associated with postglacial colonization of freshwater habitats by marine populations. We used pooled whole-genome sequencing to track seasonal allele frequency changes in six of these populations and search for signatures of natural selection. We found consistent changes in allele frequency across estuaries, suggesting a potential role for parallel selection. Functional enrichment among candidate genes included transmembrane ion transport and calcium binding, which are important for osmoregulation and ion balance. The genomic changes that occur in threespine stickleback from bar-built estuaries could provide a glimpse into the early stages of adaptation that have occurred in many historical marine to freshwater transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Garcia-Elfring
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Paccard
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Genome Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Thurman
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ben A Wasserman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Montoya V, McLaughlin A, Mordecai GJ, Miller RL, Joy JB. Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:924-936. [PMID: 33751699 PMCID: PMC8242483 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection operating on the genomes of viral pathogens in different host species strongly contributes to adaptation facilitating host colonization. Here, we analyse, quantify and compare viral adaptation in genomic sequence data derived from seven zoonotic events in the Coronaviridae family among primary, intermediate and human hosts. Rates of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) changes on specific amino acid positions were quantified for each open reading frame (ORF). Purifying selection accounted for 77% of all sites under selection. Diversifying selection was most frequently observed in viruses infecting the primary hosts of each virus and predominantly occurred in the orf1ab genomic region. Within all four intermediate hosts, diversifying selection on the spike gene was observed either solitarily or in combination with orf1ab and other genes. Consistent with previous evidence, pervasive diversifying selection on coronavirus spike genes corroborates the role this protein plays in host cellular entry, adaptation to new hosts and evasion of host cellular immune responses. Structural modelling of spike proteins identified a significantly higher proportion of sites for SARS‐CoV‐2 under positive selection in close proximity to sites of glycosylation relative to the other coronaviruses. Among human coronaviruses, there was a significant inverse correlation between the number of sites under positive selection and the estimated years since the virus was introduced into the human population. Abundant diversifying selection observed in SARS‐CoV‐2 suggests the virus remains in the adaptive phase of the host switch, typical of recent host switches. A mechanistic understanding of where, when and how genomic adaptation occurs in coronaviruses following a host shift is crucial for vaccine design, public health responses and predicting future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Montoya
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela McLaughlin
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Bioinformatics Programme, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gideon J Mordecai
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel L Miller
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Bioinformatics Programme, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey B Joy
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Bioinformatics Programme, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Dean LL, Dunstan HR, Reddish A, MacColl ADC. Courtship behavior, nesting microhabitat, and assortative mating in sympatric stickleback species pairs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1741-1755. [PMID: 33614001 PMCID: PMC7882950 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of reproductive isolation in the face of gene flow is a particularly contentious topic, but differences in reproductive behavior may provide the key to explaining this phenomenon. However, we do not yet fully understand how behavior contributes to maintaining species boundaries. How important are behavioral differences during reproduction? To what extent does assortative mating maintain reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations and how important are "magic traits"? Assortative mating can arise as a by-product of accumulated differences between divergent populations as well as an adaptive response to contact between those populations, but this is often overlooked. Here we address these questions using recently described species pairs of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), from two separate locations and a phenotypically intermediate allopatric population on the island of North Uist, Scottish Western Isles. We identified stark differences in the preferred nesting substrate and courtship behavior of species pair males. We showed that all males selectively court females of their own ecotype and all females prefer males of the same ecotype, regardless of whether they are from species pairs or allopatric populations. We also showed that mate choice does not appear to be driven by body size differences (a potential "magic trait"). By explicitly comparing the strength of these mating preferences between species pairs and single-ecotype locations, we were able to show that present levels of assortative mating due to direct mate choice are likely a by-product of other adaptations between ecotypes, and not subject to obvious selection in species pairs. Our results suggest that ecological divergence in mating characteristics, particularly nesting microhabitat may be more important than direct mate choice in maintaining reproductive isolation in stickleback species pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Dean
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Amelia Reddish
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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17
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Raya-García E, Suazo-Ortuño I, Campos-García J, Martín J, Alvarado-Díaz J, Mendoza-Ramírez E. Chemical signal divergence among populations influences behavioral discrimination in the whiptail lizard Aspidoscelis lineattissimus (squamata: teiidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Tinghitella RM, Lackey ACR, Durso C, Koop JAH, Boughman JW. The ecological stage changes benefits of mate choice and drives preference divergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190546. [PMID: 32654644 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preference divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive isolation. Ecology can alter the way selection acts on female preferences, making them most likely to diverge when ecological conditions vary among populations. We present a novel mechanism for ecologically dependent sexual selection, termed 'the ecological stage' to highlight its ecological dependence. Our hypothesized mechanism emphasizes that males and females interact over mating in a specific ecological context, and different ecological conditions change the costs and benefits of mating interactions, selecting for different preferences in distinct environments and different male traits, especially when traits are condition dependent. We test key predictions of this mechanism in a sympatric three-spine stickleback species pair. We used a maternal half-sib split-clutch design for both species, mating females to attractive and unattractive males and raising progeny on alternate diets that mimic the specialized diets of the species in nature. We estimated the benefits of mate choice for an indicator trait (male nuptial colour) by measuring many fitness components across the lifetimes of both sons and daughters from these crosses. We analysed fitness data using a combination of aster and mixed models. We found that many benefits of mating with high-colour males depended on both species and diet. These results support the ecological stage hypothesis for sticklebacks. Finally, we discuss the potential role of this mechanism for other taxa and highlight its ability to enhance reproductive isolation as speciation proceeds, thus facilitating the evolution of strong reproductive isolation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alycia C R Lackey
- Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Durso
- Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer A H Koop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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19
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Fuxjäger L, Wanzenböck S, Ringler E, Wegner KM, Ahnelt H, Shama LNS. Within-generation and transgenerational plasticity of mate choice in oceanic stickleback under climate change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180183. [PMID: 30966960 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity, both within and across generations, can shape sexual traits involved in mate choice and reproductive success, and thus direct measures of fitness. Especially, transgenerational plasticity (TGP), where parental environment influences offspring plasticity in future environments, could compensate for otherwise negative effects of environmental change on offspring sexual traits. We conducted a mate choice experiment using stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus) with different thermal histories (ambient 17°C or elevated 21°C) within and across generations under simulated ocean warming using outdoor mesocosms. Parentage analysis of egg clutches revealed that maternal developmental temperature and reproductive (mesocosm) environment affected egg size, with females that developed at 17°C laying smaller eggs in 21°C mesocosms, likely owing to metabolic costs at elevated temperature. Paternal developmental temperature interacted with the reproductive environment to influence mating success, particularly under simulated ocean warming, with males that developed at 21°C showing lower overall mating success compared with 17°C males, but higher mating success in 21°C mesocosms. Furthermore, mating success of males was influenced by the interaction between F1 developmental temperature and F0 parent acclimation temperature, demonstrating the potential role of both TGP and within-generation plasticity in shaping traits involved in sexual selection and mate choice, potentially facilitating rapid responses to environmental change. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fuxjäger
- 1 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung , Coastal Ecology Section, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List , Germany.,2 Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, Vienna , Austria
| | - Sylvia Wanzenböck
- 1 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung , Coastal Ecology Section, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List , Germany.,2 Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, Vienna , Austria
| | - Eva Ringler
- 3 Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna , Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna , Austria
| | - K Mathias Wegner
- 1 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung , Coastal Ecology Section, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List , Germany
| | - Harald Ahnelt
- 2 Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, Vienna , Austria.,4 First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum in Vienna , Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna , Austria
| | - Lisa N S Shama
- 1 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung , Coastal Ecology Section, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List , Germany
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20
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Tsuji K, Fukami T. Sexual Dimorphism and Species Diversity: from Clades to Sites. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:105-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Lehto WR, Tinghitella RM. Predator‐induced maternal and paternal effects independently alter sexual selection. Evolution 2020; 74:404-418. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitley R. Lehto
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver Colorado 80210
- Current Address: College of Natural Science Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48823
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22
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Bay RA, Taylor EB, Schluter D. Parallel introgression and selection on introduced alleles in a native species. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2802-2813. [PMID: 30980778 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As humans cause the redistribution of species ranges, hybridization between previously allopatric species is on the rise. Such hybridization can have complex effects on overall fitness of native species as new allelic combinations are tested. Widespread species introductions provide a unique opportunity to study selection on introgressed alleles in independent, replicated populations. We examined selection on alleles that repeatedly introgressed from introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) into native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) populations in western Canada. We found that the degree of introgression of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms from the invasive species into the native is correlated between independent watersheds. A number of rainbow trout alleles have repeatedly swept to high frequency in native populations, suggesting parallel adaptive advantages. Using simulations, we estimated large selection coefficients up to 0.05 favoring several rainbow trout alleles in the native background. Although previous studies have found reduced hybrid fitness and genome-wide resistance to introgression in westslope cutthroat trout, our results suggest that some introduced genomic regions are strongly favored by selection. Our study demonstrates the utility of replicated introductions as case studies for understanding parallel adaptation and the interactions between selection and introgression across the genome. We suggest that understanding this variation, including consideration of beneficial alleles, can inform management strategies for hybridizing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Bay
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Dargent F, Chen L, Fussmann GF, Ghalambor CK, Hendry AP. Female preference for novel males constrains the contemporary evolution of assortative mating in guppies. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dargent
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisa Chen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University at Fort Collins, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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24
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Hohenlohe PA, Magalhaes IS. The Population Genomics of Parallel Adaptation: Lessons from Threespine Stickleback. POPULATION GENOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2019_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Barnard AA, Masly JP. Divergence in female damselfly sensory structures is consistent with a species recognition function but shows no evidence of reproductive character displacement. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12101-12114. [PMID: 30598803 PMCID: PMC6303706 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females transmit and receive signals prior to mating that convey information such as sex, species identity, or individual condition. In some animals, tactile signals relayed during physical contact between males and females before and during mating appear to be important for mate choice or reproductive isolation. This is common among odonates, when a male grasps a female's thorax with his terminal appendages prior to copulation, and the female subsequently controls whether copulation occurs by bending her abdomen to complete intromission. It has been hypothesized that mechanosensory sensilla on the female thoracic plates mediate mating decisions, but is has been difficult to test this idea. Here, we use North American damselflies in the genus Enallagma (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) to test the hypothesis that variation in female sensilla traits is important for species recognition. Enallagma anna and E. carunculatum hybridize in nature, but experience strong reproductive isolation as a consequence of divergence in male terminal appendage morphology. We quantified several mechanosensory sensilla phenotypes on the female thorax among multiple populations of both species and compared divergence in these traits in sympatry versus allopatry. Although these species differed in features of sensilla distribution within the thoracic plates, we found no strong evidence of reproductive character displacement among the sensilla traits we measured in regions of sympatry. Our results suggest that species-specific placement of female mechanoreceptors may be sufficient for species recognition, although other female sensory phenotypes might have diverged in sympatry to reduce interspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Barnard
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
| | - John P. Masly
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
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26
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Kitano J, Ishikawa A, Kusakabe M. Parallel transcriptome evolution in stream threespine sticklebacks. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 61:104-113. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitano
- Division of Ecological Genetics; National Institute of Genetics; Mishima, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Asano Ishikawa
- Division of Ecological Genetics; National Institute of Genetics; Mishima, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Makoto Kusakabe
- Department of Biological Science; Faculty of Science; Shizuoka University; Surugaku, Shizuoka Japan
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27
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Garlovsky MD, Snook RR. Persistent postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation between populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9062-9073. [PMID: 30271566 PMCID: PMC6157668 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying reproductive barriers between populations of the same species is critical to understand how speciation may proceed. Growing evidence suggests postmating, prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers play an important role in the evolution of early taxonomic divergence. However, the contribution of PMPZ isolation to speciation is typically studied between species in which barriers that maintain isolation may not be those that contributed to reduced gene flow between populations. Moreover, in internally fertilizing animals, PMPZ isolation is related to male ejaculate-female reproductive tract incompatibilities but few studies have examined how mating history of the sexes can affect the strength of PMPZ isolation and the extent to which PMPZ isolation is repeatable or restricted to particular interacting genotypes. We addressed these outstanding questions using multiple populations of Drosophila montana. We show a recurrent pattern of PMPZ isolation, with flies from one population exhibiting reproductive incompatibility in crosses with all three other populations, while those three populations were fully fertile with each other. Reproductive incompatibility is due to lack of fertilization and is asymmetrical, affecting female fitness more than males. There was no effect of male or female mating history on reproductive incompatibility, indicating that PMPZ isolation persists between populations. We found no evidence of variability in fertilization outcomes attributable to different female × male genotype interactions, and in combination with our other results, suggests that PMPZ isolation is not driven by idiosyncratic genotype × genotype interactions. Our results show PMPZ isolation as a strong, consistent barrier to gene flow early during speciation and suggest several targets of selection known to affect ejaculate-female reproductive tract interactions within species that may cause this PMPZ isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhonda R. Snook
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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28
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Geographic variation of contact calls suggest distinct modes of vocal transmission in a leaf-roosting bat. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Gygax M, Rentsch AK, Rudman SM, Rennison DJ. Differential predation alters pigmentation in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1589-1598. [PMID: 30055069 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Animal pigmentation plays a key role in many biological interactions, including courtship and predator avoidance. Sympatric benthic and limnetic ecotypes of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exhibit divergent pigment patterns. To test whether differential predation by cutthroat trout contributes to the differences in pigmentation seen between the ecotypes, we used a within-generation selection experiment on F2 benthic-limnetic hybrids. After 10 months of differential selection, we compared the pigmentation of fish under trout predation to control fish not exposed to trout predation. We found that stickleback exhibited more lateral barring in ponds with trout predation. Ponds with trout were also less turbid, and a greater degree of barring was negatively correlated with the magnitude of turbidity across pond replicates. A more benthic diet, a proxy for habitat use, was also correlated with greater lateral barring and green dorsal pigmentation. These patterns suggest that differential exposure to cutthroat trout predation may explain the divergence in body pigmentation between benthic and limnetic ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gygax
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana K Rentsch
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Seth M Rudman
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Diana J Rennison
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Witte K, Baumgärtner K, Röhrig C, Nöbel S. Test of the Deception Hypothesis in Atlantic Mollies Poecilia mexicana-Does the Audience Copy a Pretended Mate Choice of Others? BIOLOGY 2018; 7:E40. [PMID: 30011804 PMCID: PMC6164261 DOI: 10.3390/biology7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals often use public information for mate-choice decisions by observing conspecifics as they choose their mates and then copying this witnessed decision. When the copier, however, is detected by the choosing individual, the latter often alters its behavior and spends more time with the previously non-preferred mate. This behavioral change is called the audience effect. The deception hypothesis states that the choosing individual changes its behavior to distract the audience from the preferred mate. The deception hypothesis, however, only applies if the audience indeed copies the pretended mate choice of the observed individual. So far, this necessary prerequisite has never been tested. We investigated in Atlantic molly males and females whether, first, focal fish show an audience effect, i.e., alter their mate choices in the presence of an audience fish, and second, whether audience fish copy the mate choice of the focal fish they had just witnessed. We found evidence that male and female Atlantic mollies copy the pretended mate choice of same-sex focal fish. Therefore, a necessary requirement of the deception hypothesis is fulfilled. Our results show that public information use in the context of mate choice can be costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Witte
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Baumgärtner
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Corinna Röhrig
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Nöbel
- CNRS, Université Toulouse, IRD, UMR 5174, EDB (Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
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31
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Bassham S, Catchen J, Lescak E, von Hippel FA, Cresko WA. Repeated Selection of Alternatively Adapted Haplotypes Creates Sweeping Genomic Remodeling in Stickleback. Genetics 2018; 209:921-939. [PMID: 29794240 PMCID: PMC6028257 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous genetic divergence can accumulate across the genome when populations adapt to different habitats while still exchanging alleles. How long does diversification take and how much of the genome is affected? When divergence occurs in parallel from standing genetic variation, how often are the same haplotypes involved? We explore these questions using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing genotyping data and show that broad-scale genomic repatterning, fueled by copious standing variation, can emerge in just dozens of generations in replicate natural populations of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). After the catastrophic 1964 Alaskan earthquake, marine stickleback colonized newly created ponds on seismically uplifted islands. We find that freshwater fish in these young ponds differ from their marine ancestors across the same genomic segments previously shown to have diverged in much older lake populations. Outside of these core divergent regions the genome shows no population structure across the ocean-freshwater divide, consistent with strong local selection acting in alternative environments on stickleback populations still connected by significant gene flow. Reinforcing this inference, a majority of divergent haplotypes that are at high frequency in ponds are detectable in the sea, even across great geographic distances. Building upon previous population genomics work in this model species, our data suggest that a long history of divergent selection and gene flow among stickleback populations in oceanic and freshwater habitats has maintained polymorphisms of alternatively adapted DNA sequences that facilitate parallel evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bassham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Julian Catchen
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Emily Lescak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska 99508
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
| | - William A Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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32
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Delaney EK, Hoekstra HE. Sexual imprinting and speciation between two Peromyscus species. Evolution 2018; 72:274-287. [PMID: 29231989 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexual isolation, a reproductive barrier, can prevent interbreeding between diverging populations or species. Sexual isolation can have a clear genetic basis; however, it may also result from learned mate preferences that form via sexual imprinting. Here, we demonstrate that two sympatric species of mice-the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and its sister species, the cotton mouse (P. gossypinus)-hybridize only rarely in the wild despite co-occurrence in the same habitat and lack of any measurable intrinsic postzygotic barriers in laboratory crosses. We present evidence that strong conspecific mating preferences in each species result in significant sexual isolation. We find that these preferences are learned in at least one species: P. gossypinus sexually imprints on its parents, but in P. leucopus, additional factors influence mating preferences. Our study demonstrates that sexual imprinting contributes to reproductive isolation that reduces hybridization between otherwise interfertile species, supporting the role for learning in mammalian speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Delaney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Current Address: Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hopi E Hoekstra
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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33
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Keagy J, Braithwaite VA, Boughman JW. Brain differences in ecologically differentiated sticklebacks. Curr Zool 2017; 64:243-250. [PMID: 30402065 PMCID: PMC5905471 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations that have recently diverged offer a powerful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. We might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, we test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have well-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits correlating with ecological differences. We use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. We found a tight correlation between ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes with intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, which rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared with benthic fish, which utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared with limnetic fish. These differences were erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake where anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Keagy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Victoria A Braithwaite
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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34
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Servedio MR, Boughman JW. The Role of Sexual Selection in Local Adaptation and Speciation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection plays several intricate and complex roles in the related processes of local adaptation and speciation. In some cases sexual selection can promote these processes, but in others it can be inhibitory. We present theoretical and empirical evidence supporting these dual effects of sexual selection during local adaptation, allopatric speciation, and speciation with gene flow. Much of the empirical evidence for sexual selection promoting speciation is suggestive rather than conclusive; we present what would constitute strong evidence for sexual selection driving speciation. We conclude that although there is ample evidence that sexual selection contributes to the speciation process, it is very likely to do so only in concert with natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Servedio
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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35
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Andreou D, Eizaguirre C, Boehm T, Milinski M. Mate choice in sticklebacks reveals that immunogenes can drive ecological speciation. Behav Ecol 2017; 28:953-961. [PMID: 29622924 PMCID: PMC5873247 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to ecologically contrasting niches can lead to the formation of new species. Theoretically, this process of ecological speciation can be driven by pleiotropic "magic traits" that genetically link natural and sexual selection. To qualify as a true magic trait, the pleiotropic function of a gene must be reflected in biologically relevant mechanisms underlying both local adaptation and mate choice. The immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contribute to parasite resistance and also play a major role in sexual selection. Hence, the MHC may encode a candidate magic trait. Using diverging 3-spined stickleback populations from a connected lake-river habitat, we show with mate choice experiments in a flow channel that polymorphic MHC genes probably underlie assortative mating with respect to particular habitat-adapted ecotypes, potentially resulting in reproductive isolation. By manipulating olfactory cues in controlled experiments, we show that female sticklebacks employ MHC-dependent male olfactory signals to select mates with which they can achieve a habitat-specific MHC gene structure that optimally protects their offspring against local parasites. By using MHC-based olfactory signals, females thus select individuals of their own population as mates. Our results demonstrate how mate choice and parasite resistance may be functionally linked. These findings suggest that MHC genes are pleiotropic and encode a true magic trait of biologically significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Andreou
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, August- Thienemann- Str. 2, D-24306, Ploen, Germany
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, August- Thienemann- Str. 2, D-24306, Ploen, Germany
- GEOMAR| Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Department of Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
- Present address: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK, and
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Developmental Immunology, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Milinski
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, August- Thienemann- Str. 2, D-24306, Ploen, Germany
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36
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Oke KB, Rolshausen G, LeBlond C, Hendry AP. How Parallel Is Parallel Evolution? A Comparative Analysis in Fishes. Am Nat 2017; 190:1-16. [DOI: 10.1086/691989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Langerhans RB. Predictability and Parallelism of Multitrait Adaptation. J Hered 2017; 109:59-70. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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38
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Quan WL, Liu W, Zhou RQ, Chen R, Ma WH, Lei CL, Wang XP. Difference in diel mating time contributes to assortative mating between host plant-associated populations of Chilo suppressalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45265. [PMID: 28338099 PMCID: PMC5364412 DOI: 10.1038/srep45265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral isolation in animals can be mediated by inherent mating preferences and assortative traits, such as divergence in the diel timing of mating activity. Although divergence in the diel mating time could, in principle, promote the reproductive isolation of sympatric, conspecific populations, there is currently no unequivocal evidence of this. We conducted different mate-choice experiments to investigate the contribution of differences in diel mating activity to the reproductive isolation of the rice and water-oat populations of Chilo suppressalis. The results show that inter-population difference in diel mating activity contributes to assortative mating in these populations. In the rice population, most mating activity occurred during the first half of the scotophase, whereas in the water-oat population virtually all mating activity was confined to the second half of the scotophase. However, when the photoperiod of individuals from the water-oat population was altered to more closely align their mating activity with that of the rice population, mate choice was random. We conclude that inter-population differences in diel mating time contribute to assortative mating, and thereby the partial reproductive isolation, of these host-associated populations of C. suppressalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Quan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qi Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Liang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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39
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Berner D, Ammann M, Spencer E, Rüegg A, Lüscher D, Moser D. Sexual isolation promotes divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:401-411. [PMID: 27862535 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Speciation can be initiated by adaptive divergence between populations in ecologically different habitats, but how sexually based reproductive barriers contribute to this process is less well understood. We here test for sexual isolation between ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish residing in adjacent lake and stream habitats in the Lake Constance basin, Central Europe. Mating trials exposing females to pairings of territorial lake and stream males in outdoor mesocosms allowing for natural reproductive behaviour reveal that mating occurs preferentially between partners of the same ecotype. Compared to random mating, this sexual barrier reduces gene flow between the ecotypes by some 36%. This relatively modest strength of sexual isolation is surprising because comparing the males between the two ecotypes shows striking differentiation in traits generally considered relevant to reproductive behaviour (body size, breeding coloration, nest size). Analysing size differences among the individuals in the mating trials further indicates that assortative mating is not related to ecotype differences in body size. Overall, we demonstrate that sexually based reproductive isolation promotes divergence in lake-stream stickleback along with other known reproductive barriers, but we also caution against inferring strong sexual isolation from the observation of strong population divergence in sexually relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berner
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ammann
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Spencer
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Rüegg
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Lüscher
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Moser
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Lackey ACR, Boughman JW. Evolution of reproductive isolation in stickleback fish. Evolution 2016; 71:357-372. [PMID: 27901265 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand how new species form and what causes their collapse, we examined how reproductive isolation evolves during the speciation process, considering species pairs with little to extensive divergence, including a recently collapsed pair. We estimated many reproductive barriers in each of five sets of stickleback fish species pairs using our own data and decades of previous work. We found that the types of barriers important early in the speciation process differ from those important late. Two premating barriers-habitat and sexual isolation-evolve early in divergence and remain two of the strongest barriers throughout speciation. Premating isolation evolves before postmating isolation, and extrinsic isolation is far stronger than intrinsic. Completing speciation, however, may require postmating intrinsic incompatibilities. Reverse speciation in one species pair was characterized by significant loss of sexual isolation. We present estimates of barrier strengths before and after collapse of a species pair; such detail regarding the loss of isolation has never before been documented. Additionally, despite significant asymmetries in individual barriers, which can limit speciation, total isolation was essentially symmetric between species. Our study provides important insight into the order of barrier evolution and the relative importance of isolating barriers during speciation and tests fundamental predictions of ecological speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia C R Lackey
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, 2112 Biology Building, Murray, State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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41
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Wright DS, Demandt N, Alkema JT, Seehausen O, Groothuis TGG, Maan ME. Developmental effects of visual environment on species-assortative mating preferences in Lake Victoria cichlid fish. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:289-299. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Wright
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - N. Demandt
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - J. T. Alkema
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - O. Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department Fish Ecology & Evolution; Eawag, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - T. G. G. Groothuis
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - M. E. Maan
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department Fish Ecology & Evolution; Eawag, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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42
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Hanson D, Moore JS, Taylor EB, Barrett RDH, Hendry AP. Assessing reproductive isolation using a contact zone between parapatric lake-stream stickleback ecotypes. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2491-2501. [PMID: 27633750 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecological speciation occurs when populations evolve reproductive isolation as a result of divergent natural selection. This isolation can be influenced by many potential reproductive barriers, including selection against hybrids, selection against migrants and assortative mating. How and when these barriers act and interact in nature is understood for relatively few empirical systems. We used a mark-recapture experiment in a contact zone between lake and stream three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linnaeus) to evaluate the occurrence of hybrids (allowing inferences about mating isolation), the interannual survival of hybrids (allowing inferences about selection against hybrids) and the shift in lake-like vs. stream-like characteristics (allowing inferences about selection against migrants). Genetic and morphological data suggest the occurrence of hybrids and no selection against hybrids in general, a result contradictory to a number of other studies of sticklebacks. However, we did find selection against more lake-like individuals, suggesting a barrier to gene flow from the lake into the stream. Combined with previous work on this system, our results suggest that multiple (most weakly and often asymmetric) barriers must be combining to yield substantial restrictions on gene flow. This work provides evidence of a reproductive barrier in lake-stream sticklebacks and highlights the value of assessing multiple reproductive barriers in natural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hanson
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J-S Moore
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - E B Taylor
- Department of Zoology and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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43
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Marques DA, Lucek K, Haesler MP, Feller AF, Meier JI, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Genomic landscape of early ecological speciation initiated by selection on nuptial colour. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:7-24. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Marques
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Marcel Philipp Haesler
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Anna Fiona Feller
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Joana Isabel Meier
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Catherine E. Wagner
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Institute; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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44
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Svensson EI, Nordén A, Waller JT, Runemark A. Linking intra- and interspecific assortative mating: Consequences for asymmetric sexual isolation. Evolution 2016; 70:1165-79. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Nordén
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - John T. Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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45
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Scordato ESC, Symes LB, Mendelson TC, Safran RJ. The role of ecology in speciation by sexual selection: a systematic empirical review. J Hered 2016; 105 Suppl 1:782-94. [PMID: 25149254 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical research indicates that sexual selection interacts with the ecological context in which mate choice occurs, suggesting that sexual and natural selection act together during the evolution of premating reproductive isolation. However, the relative importance of natural and sexual selection to speciation remains poorly understood. Here, we applied a recent conceptual framework for examining interactions between mate choice divergence and ecological context to a review of the empirical literature on speciation by sexual selection. This framework defines two types of interactions between mate choice and ecology: internal interactions, wherein natural and sexual selection jointly influence divergence in sexual signal traits and preferences, and external interactions, wherein sexual selection alone acts on traits and preferences but ecological context shapes the transmission efficacy of sexual signals. The objectives of this synthesis were 3-fold: to summarize the traits, ecological factors, taxa, and geographic contexts involved in studies of mate choice divergence; to analyze patterns of association between these variables; and to identify the most common types of interactions between mate choice and ecological factors. Our analysis revealed that certain traits are consistently associated with certain ecological factors. Moreover, among studies that examined a divergent sexually selected trait and an ecological factor, internal interactions were more common than external interactions. Trait-preference associations may thus frequently be subject to both sexual and natural selection in cases of divergent mate choice. Our results highlight the importance of interactions between sexual selection and ecology in mate choice divergence and suggest areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S C Scordato
- From the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (Scordato and Safran); the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 (Symes); and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 (Mendelson). Laurel B. Symes is now at the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201.
| | - Laurel B Symes
- From the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (Scordato and Safran); the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 (Symes); and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 (Mendelson). Laurel B. Symes is now at the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Tamra C Mendelson
- From the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (Scordato and Safran); the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 (Symes); and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 (Mendelson). Laurel B. Symes is now at the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Rebecca J Safran
- From the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (Scordato and Safran); the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 (Symes); and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 (Mendelson). Laurel B. Symes is now at the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201
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46
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Carvalho J, Sotelo G, Galindo J, Faria R. Genetic characterization of flat periwinkles (Littorinidae) from the Iberian Peninsula reveals interspecific hybridization and different degrees of differentiation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Xenética e Inmunoloxía; Facultade de Bioloxía; Universidade de Vigo. Campus de Vigo; 36310 Vigo Spain
- Departamento de Biologia Ambiental; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande; 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
- CIBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; InBIO; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto. Campus Agrário de Vairão; 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Graciela Sotelo
- CIBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; InBIO; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto. Campus Agrário de Vairão; 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Juan Galindo
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Xenética e Inmunoloxía; Facultade de Bioloxía; Universidade de Vigo. Campus de Vigo; 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; InBIO; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto. Campus Agrário de Vairão; 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- IBE; Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF); Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; Pompeu Fabra University. Doctor Aiguader 88; 08003 Barcelona Spain
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47
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Meguro YI, Takahashi H, Machida Y, Shirakawa H, Gaither M, Goto A. Assortative mating and divergent male courtship behaviours between two cryptic species of nine-spined sticklebacks (genus Pungitius). BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Assortative mating based on ecologically divergent traits is a major driver of speciation among three-spined sticklebacks, however, little is known about reproductive isolation and variations in courtship behaviour among nine-spined sticklebacks. Here we demonstrate assortative mating and divergent courtship behaviours between two cryptic species of nine-spined sticklebacks using no-choice mate trials and kinematic analyses. Strong assortative mating was demonstrated in our tank experiments, highlighting the importance of prezygotic reproductive isolation in these species. Kinematic analyses showed that the freshwater type exhibited aggressive courtship behaviour with frequent ‘Attacking’ and spent more time exhibiting displacement activities. In contrast, the brackish-water type demonstrated a higher frequency of the ‘Zigzag-dance’ and ‘Nest-showing’. Our study highlights the value of nine-spined sticklebacks as a comparative system for the study of speciation and paves the way for future studies on the role of courtship behaviours and assortative mating in the evolution of sticklebacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ichiro Meguro
- Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, 2-7-1 Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki 759-6595, Japan
| | | | - Hokuto Shirakawa
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, 20-5 Benten-cho, Hakodate, 040-005, Japan
- JST CREST, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Michelle R. Gaither
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96744, USA
- Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Akira Goto
- Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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Kim SY, Metcalfe NB, Velando A. A benign juvenile environment reduces the strength of antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:705-14. [PMID: 26559495 PMCID: PMC4991295 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The environment can play an important role in the evolution of senescence because the optimal allocation between somatic maintenance and reproduction depends on external factors influencing life expectancy. The aims of this study were to experimentally test whether environmental conditions during early life can shape senescence schedules, and if so, to examine whether variation among individuals or genotypes with respect to the degree of ageing differs across environments. We tested life‐history plasticity and quantified genetic effects on the pattern of senescence across different environments within a reaction norm framework by using an experiment on the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linnaeus) in which F1 families originating from a wild annual population experienced different temperature regimes. Male sticklebacks that had experienced a more benign environment earlier in life subsequently reduced their investment in carotenoid‐based sexual signals early in the breeding season, and consequently senesced at a slower rate later in the season, compared to those that had developed under harsher conditions. This plasticity of ageing was genetically determined. Both antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence were evident only in the individuals raised in the harsher environment. The experimental demonstration of genotype‐by‐environment interactions influencing the rate of reproductive senescence provides interesting insights into the role of the environment in the evolution of life histories. The results suggest that benign conditions weaken the scope for senescence to evolve and that the dependence on the environment may maintain genetic variation under selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yeon Kim
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alberto Velando
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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Keagy J, Lettieri L, Boughman JW. Male competition fitness landscapes predict both forward and reverse speciation. Ecol Lett 2015; 19:71-80. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Keagy
- Department of Integrative Biology and BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Liliana Lettieri
- Department of Integrative Biology and BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology and BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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50
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Castillo DM, Burger MK, Lively CM, Delph LF. Experimental evolution: Assortative mating and sexual selection, independent of local adaptation, lead to reproductive isolation in the nematodeCaenorhabditis remanei. Evolution 2015; 69:3141-55. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean M. Castillo
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
| | - Melissa K. Burger
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
- Current Address: Department of Natural Resources Science; University of Rhode Island; Kingston Rhode Island 02881
| | - Curtis M. Lively
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
| | - Lynda F. Delph
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
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