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Ma J, Teng Y, Huang Y, Tao X, Fan Y. Autophagy plays an essential role in ultraviolet radiation-driven skin photoaging. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864331. [PMID: 36278173 PMCID: PMC9582953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response to UV light. One of the most prominent features of cutaneous photoaging is wrinkling, which is due primarily to a loss of collagen fibers and deposits of abnormal degenerative elastotic material within the dermis (actinic elastosis). These changes are thought to be mediated by inflammation, with subsequent upregulation of extracellular matrix-degrading proteases and down-regulation of collagen synthesis. Autophagy is a vital homeostatic cellular process of either clearing surplus or damaged cell components notably lipids and proteins or recycling the content of the cells’ cytoplasm to promote cell survival and adaptive responses during starvation and other oxidative and/or genotoxic stress conditions. Autophagy may also become a means of supplying nutrients to maintain a high cellular proliferation rate when needed. It has been suggested that loss of autophagy leads to both photodamage and the initiation of photoaging in UV exposed skin. Moreover, UV radiation of sunlight is capable of regulating a number of autophagy-linked genes. This review will focus on the protective effect of autophagy in the skin cells damaged by UV radiation. We hope to draw attention to the significance of autophagy regulation in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
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2
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Cooper KL, Volk LB, Dominguez DR, Duran AD, Ke Jian Liu KJ, Hudson LG. Contribution of NADPH oxidase to the retention of UVR-induced DNA damage by arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115799. [PMID: 34798142 PMCID: PMC10115133 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element present in food, soil and water and human exposure is associated with increased cancer risk. Arsenic inhibits DNA repair at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations and amplifies the mutagenic and carcinogenic impact of other DNA-damaging agents, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Arsenic exposure leads to oxidation of zinc coordinating cysteine residues, zinc loss and decreased activity of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP)-1. Because arsenic stimulates NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the goal of this study was to investigate the role of NOX in arsenic-induced inhibition of PARP activity and retention of DNA damage. NOX involvement in the arsenic response was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Keratinocytes were treated with or without arsenite, solar-simulated UVR, NOX inhibitors and/or isoform specific NOX siRNA. Knockdown or inhibition of NOX decreased arsenite-induced ROS, PARP-1 oxidation and DNA damage retention, while restoring arsenite inhibition of PARP-1 activity. The NOX2 isoform was determined to be the major contributor to arsenite-induced ROS generation and DNA damage retention. In vivo DNA damage was measured by immunohistochemical staining and analysis of dorsal epidermis sections from C57BI/6 and p91phox knockout (NOX2-/-) mice. There was no significant difference in solar-simulated UVR DNA damage as detected by percent PH2AX positive cells within NOX2-/- mice versus control. In contrast, arsenite-dependent retention of UVR-induced DNA damage was markedly reduced. Altogether, the in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that NOX is involved in arsenic enhancement of UVR-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Lindsay B Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Dayna R Dominguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Antonia D Duran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - K J Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
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3
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Guo SH, Yu L, Liu YM, Wang FF, Chen YC, Wang Y, Qiu BL, Sang W. Digital gene expression profiling in larvae of Tribolium castaneum at different periods post UV-B exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:514-523. [PMID: 30861439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UV-B radiation is an important environmental factor. Exposure to excess UV-B radiation can cause serious effects on the development, survival, and reproduction of different organisms. Plants and animals have developed many different strategies to cope with UV-B-induced damage, but the physiological response of insects to UV-B remains unclear. In the present study, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was used to assess the stress response of UV-B. The underlying molecular mechanisms were explored using RNA sequencing. We investigated the transcriptomic profile of T. castaneum larvae at 4 and 24 h after treatment with UV-B radiation via digital gene expression analysis. The 310 and 996 differentially expressed genes were detected at 4 and 24 h, respectively. Then the biological functions and associated metabolic processes of these genes were determined by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. The reliability of the data was verified using qRT-PCR. The results indicated that several differentially expressed genes are involved in antioxidation, DNA repair, protein folding, carbon flux diversion, and the extracellular matrix to protect against UV-B-induced damage. This study will increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying insect response to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fei-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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4
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Liu C, Guo H, DaSilva NA, Li D, Zhang K, Wan Y, Gao XH, Chen HD, Seeram NP, Ma H. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum) Phenolics Ameliorate Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Human Keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2019; 54:559-567. [PMID: 34079588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate phenolics have been reported to exert skin beneficial effects but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Herein, we investigated a standardized commercial pomegranate extract (PE; Pomella®) and its phenolics including punicalagin (PA), ellagic acid (EA), and urolithin A (UA) for their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. PE, PA, and EA reduced the production of H2O2-induced ROS in HaCaT cells by 1.03-, 1.37-, and 2.67-fold, respectively. PE, PA, and UA increased the viability of H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells by 89.9, 94.9, and 90.0%, respectively. PE, PA, and UA reduced apoptotic cell populations by 3.39, 7.11, and 8.26%, respectively. In addition, PE, PA and UA decreased H2O2-stimulated caspase-3 level by 2.31-, 2.06-, and 2.68-fold, respectively. The ameliorative effects of this PE and its phenolics against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes support their utilization as natural cosmeceuticals for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.,Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Protective effect of Thai silk extracts on drug-induced phototoxicity in human epidermal A431 cells and a reconstructed human epidermis model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:50-59. [PMID: 30216760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk extracts, derived from the cocoon degumming process of draw and dye silk in the textile industry, are mainly composed of sericin protein. To add value to the Thai silk extracts, and hence the silk industry, a simple enrichment process was recently developed and the enriched silk extracts were then applied in nano-cosmeceutical products and nano-delivery systems. In this study, the protective effect of Thai silk extracts from three different strains of Bombyx mori on the drug-induced phototoxicity was evaluated in vitro using chlorpromazine (CPZ), a commonly used antipsychotic drug, as a representative phototoxic drug. The human epidermal A431 cell line and reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) model were used as the in vitro skin model. The silk extracts significantly improved the viability of A431 cells after CPZ exposure and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation, as shown by the significantly increased CPZ and UVA IC50 values and the decreased proportion of apoptotic cells. The protective effect of these silk extracts against the CPZ-induced UVA-phototoxicity in A431 cells was associated with the attenuation of intracellular oxidative stress via an increased intracellular glutathione level. Likewise, the silk extracts exhibited a protective effect on the CPZ-induced UVA-phototoxicity in the RhE model, in terms of an improved tissue viability and attenuation of the released inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1α. These findings support the potential usefulness of silk extracts in novel applications, especially in the protection of drug-induced phototoxicity.
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Rudolf J, Raad H, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. NADPH Oxidases and Their Roles in Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1238-1261. [PMID: 28990413 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skin protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and external mutagens. NADPH oxidases are central components for regulating the cellular redox balance. There is increasing evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by members of this enzyme family play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin. Recent Advances: NADPH oxidases are active producers of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Different isoforms are found in virtually all tissues. They play pivotal roles in normal cell homeostasis and in the cellular responses to various stressors. In particular, these enzymes are integral parts of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling pathways, in which they act both as effectors and as modulators. However, continuous (re)activation of NADPH oxidases can disturb the redox balance of cells, in the worst-case scenario in a permanent manner. Abnormal NADPH oxidase activity has been associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, as well as with aging and carcinogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Sunlight with its beneficial and deleterious effects induces the activation of NADPH oxidases in the skin. Evidence for the important roles of this enzyme family in skin cancer and skin aging, as well as in many chronic skin diseases, is now emerging. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the precise roles of NADPH oxidases in normal skin homeostasis, in the cellular responses to solar radiation, and during carcinogenesis will pave the way for their validation as therapeutic targets not only for the prevention and treatment of skin cancers but also for many other skin-related disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1238-1261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rudolf
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,3 Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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7
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Glady A, Tanaka M, Moniaga CS, Yasui M, Hara-Chikuma M. Involvement of NADPH oxidase 1 in UVB-induced cell signaling and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:7-15. [PMID: 29872728 PMCID: PMC5986629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are known to be involved in several physiological functions in response to various stimuli including UV irradiation. UVB-induced ROS have been associated with inflammation, cytotoxicity, cell death, or DNA damage in human keratinocytes. However, the source and the role of UVB-induced ROS remain undefined. Here, we show that Nox1 is involved in UVB-induced p38/MAPK activation and cytotoxicity via ROS generation in keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown or inhibitor decreased UVB-induced ROS production in human keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown impaired UVB-induced p38 activation, accompanied by reduced IL-6 levels and attenuated cell toxicity. Treatment of cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger, suppressed p38 activation as well as consequent IL-6 production and cytotoxicity in response to UVB exposure. p38 inhibitor also suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 production and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the blockade of IL-6 production by IL-6 neutralizing antibody reduced UVB-induced cell toxicity. In vivo assay using wild-type mice, the intradermal injection of lysates from UVB-irradiated control cells, but not from UVB-irradiated Nox1 knockdown cells, induced inflammatory swelling and IL-6 production in the skin of ears. Moreover, administration of Nox1 inhibitor suppressed UVB-induced increase in IL-6 mRNA expression in mice skin. Collectively, these data suggest that Nox1-mediated ROS production is required for UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through p38 activation and inflammatory cytokine production, such as IL-6. Thus, our findings suggest Nox1 as a therapeutic target for cytotoxicity and inflammation in response to UVB exposure. Nox1 knockdown decreased UVB-increased cellular ROS in keratinocytes. Nox1 knockdown suppressed UVB-induced p38 activation, accompanied by reduced in IL-6 levels and attenuated cell toxicity. UVB-induced cytotoxicity is involved in p38/MAPK pathway and IL-6 production, which is partially dependent on Nox1-generated ROS.
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Key Words
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- Bax, BCL2-associated X protein
- Cytotoxicity
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPI, Diphenyleneiodonium
- Erk, Extracellular Signal-regulated kinase
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- H2DCFDA, Fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinases;
- Keratinocyte
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MKK, MAP Kinase
- MKP, MAPK phosphatase
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH oxidase 1
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B;
- NOX, NADPH oxidase
- O2-, Superoxide
- OH, Hydroxyl radical
- P38/MAP kinase
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Reactive oxygen species
- STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- UV, Ultraviolet
- UVB
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Affiliation(s)
- Azela Glady
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manami Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Catharina Sagita Moniaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Ghanbary F, Seydi E, Naserzadeh P, Salimi A. Toxicity of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO 2-NP) on human monocytes and their mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6739-6750. [PMID: 29260482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2-NP) in human monocytes is still unknown. Therefore, an understanding of probable cytotoxicity of TiO2-NP on human monocytes and underlining the mechanisms involved is of significant interest. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of TiO2-NP on human monocytes. Using biochemical and flow cytometry assessments, we demonstrated that addition of TiO2-NP at 10 μg/ml concentration to monocytes induced cytotoxicity following 12 h. The TiO2-NP-induced cytotoxicity on monocytes was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, lysosomal membrane injury, lipid peroxidation, and depletion of glutathione. According to our results, TiO2-NP triggers oxidative stress and organelles damages in monocytes which are important cells in defense against foreign agents. Finally, our findings suggest that use of antioxidants and mitochondrial/lysosomal protective agents could be of benefit for the people in the exposure with TiO2-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghanbary
- Department of Chemistry, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Enaytollah Seydi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 56189-53141, Ardabil, Iran.
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Hseu YC, Korivi M, Lin FY, Li ML, Lin RW, Wu JJ, Yang HL. Trans-cinnamic acid attenuates UVA-induced photoaging through inhibition of AP-1 activation and induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in human skin fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:123-134. [PMID: 29395579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UVA irradiation-induced skin damage/photoaging is associated with redox imbalance and collagen degradation. OBJECTIVE Dermato-protective efficacies of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA), a naturally occurring aromatic compound have been investigated against UVA irradiation, and elucidated underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Human foreskin fibroblast-derived (Hs68) cells and nude mice were treated with t-CA prior to UVA exposure, and assayed the anti-photoaging effects of t-CA. RESULTS We found t-CA (20-100 μM) pretreatment substantially ameliorated UVA (3 J/cm2)-induced cytotoxicity, and inhibited intracellular ROS production in Hs68 cells. UVA-induced profound upregulation of metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/-3 and degradation of type I procollagen in dermal fibroblasts were remarkably reversed by t-CA, possibly through inhibition of AP-1 (c-Fos, but not c-Jun) translocation. The t-CA-mediated anti-photoaging properties are associated with increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Activation of Nrf2 signaling is accompanied with induction of HO-1 and γ-GCLC expressions in t-CA-treated fibroblasts. Furthermore t-CA-induced Nrf2 translocation is mediated through PKC, AMPK, CKII or ROS signaling cascades. This phenomenon was confirmed with respective pharmacological inhibitors, GF109203X, Compound C, CKII inhibitor or NAC, which blockade t-CA-induced Nrf2 activation. Silencing of Nrf2 signaling with siRNA showed no anti-photoaging effects of t-CA against UVA-induced ROS production, loss of HO-1 and type I collagen degradation in fibroblasts. In vivo evidence on nude mice revealed that t-CA pretreatment (20 or 100 mM/day) significantly suppressed MMP-1/-3 activation and maintained sufficient type I procollagen levels in biopsied skin tissue against UVA irradiation (3 J/cm2/day for 10-day). CONCLUSION t-CA treatment diminished UVA-induced photoaging/collagen degradation, and protected structural integrity of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ying Lin
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Wan Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jiuan Wu
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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10
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Zerumbone protects human skin keratinocytes against UVA-irradiated damages through Nrf2 induction. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 148:130-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Oh Y, Lim HW, Huang YH, Kwon HS, Jin CD, Kim K, Lim CJ. Attenuating properties of Agastache rugosa leaf extract against ultraviolet-B-induced photoaging via up-regulating glutathione and superoxide dismutase in a human keratinocyte cell line. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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He Z, Zhang L, Zhuo C, Jin F, Wang Y. Apoptosis inhibition effect of Dihydromyricetin against UVA-exposed human keratinocyte cell line. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:40-9. [PMID: 27208745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UVA irradiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress, cellular damage, and ultimately, cell death by interacting with other intracellular molecules. In the present study, we explored the protective role of Dihydromyricetin (DHM,1.25-10μM) against UVA-induced inflammation response and apoptosis in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) and the underlying mechanisms. DHM pre-treatment significantly increased HaCaT cell viability and suppressed UVA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, as well as apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Moreover, DHM pre-treatment prohibited UVA-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and the phosphorylation of histone H2AX(γ-H2AX), a sensitive biomarker for DNA damage. Meanwhile, DHM could enhance GSH-Px activity and decrease the content of MDA in UVA ray treated HaCaT cells. Notably, the anti-apoptotic potential of DHM was correlated with an increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl) and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax), as well as the inhibition of caspase proteins activation. Additionally, DHM treatment also prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and the phosphorylation of c-Jun. N-terminal kinase (JNK), which is an upstream modulator of NF-κB/p65. Therefore, DHM may be potentially useful in the prevention of UVA-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cuiqin Zhuo
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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13
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Wild chrysanthemum extract prevents UVB radiation-induced acute cell death and photoaging. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:229-40. [PMID: 25052044 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) is traditionally used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. It is also used in the southwest plateau region of China to prevent ultraviolet-induced skin damage. However, the role and mechanism by which wild chrysanthemum prevents UV-induced skin damage and photoaging have never been investigated in vitro. In the present study, we found that aqueous extracts from wild chrysanthemum strongly reduced high-dose UVB-induced acute cell death of human immortalized keratinocytic HaCat cells. Wild chrysanthemum extract was also demonstrated to reduce low-dose UVB-induced expression of the photoaging-related matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. The ROS level elevated by UVB irradiation was strongly attenuated by wild chrysanthemum extract. Further study revealed that wild chrysanthemum extract reduced UVB-triggered ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and their protective role, which is partially dependent on inhibiting p38 activation. These results suggest that wild chrysanthemum extract can protect the skin from UVB-induced acute skin damage and photoaging by reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The present study confirmed the protective role of wild chrysanthemum against UV-induced skin disorders in vitro and indicated the possible mechanism. Further study to identify the active components in wild chrysanthemum extract would be useful for developing new drugs for preventing and treating skin diseases, including skin cancer and photoaging, induced by UV irradiation.
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14
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Robinet P, Baychelier F, Fontaine T, Picard C, Debré P, Vieillard V, Latgé JP, Elbim C. A polysaccharide virulence factor of a human fungal pathogen induces neutrophil apoptosis via NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5332-42. [PMID: 24790151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that sheds galactosaminogalactan (GG) into the environment. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and NK cells are both part of the first line of defense against pathogens. We recently reported that GG induces PMN apoptosis. In this study, we show that PMN apoptosis occurs via a new NK cell-dependent mechanism. Reactive oxygen species, induced by the presence of GG, play an indispensable role in this apoptotic effect by increasing MHC class I chain-related molecule A expression at the PMN surface. This increased expression enables interaction between MHC class I chain-related molecule A and NKG2D, leading to NK cell activation, which in turn generates a Fas-dependent apoptosis-promoting signal in PMNs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the crosstalk between PMNs and NK cells is essential to GG-induced PMN apoptosis. NK cells might thus play a role in the induction of PMN apoptosis in situations such as unexplained neutropenia or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Robinet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, INSERM U1135, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Baychelier
- INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, INSERM U1135, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Capucine Picard
- Centre D'étude des Déficits Immunitaires, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, L'hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, 75743 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Patrice Debré
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, INSERM U1135, F-75013 Paris, France; Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, INSERM U1135, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Aspergillus, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S CR7, INSERM U1135, F-75013 Paris, France;
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15
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Li M, Yin JJ, Wamer WG, Lo YM. Mechanistic characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity using electron spin resonance. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:76-85. [PMID: 24673905 PMCID: PMC9359148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials that have been manufactured worldwide and applied in different commercial realms. The well-recognized ability of TiO2 to promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been extensively studied as one of the important mechanisms underlying TiO2 NPs toxicity. As the “gold standard” method to quantify and identify ROS, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been employed in many studies aimed at evaluating TiO2 NPs safety. This review aims to provide a thorough discussion of current studies using ESR as the primary method to unravel the mechanism of TiO2 NPs toxicity. ESR spin label oximetry and immune-spin trapping techniques are also briefly introduced, because the combination of spin trapping/labeling techniques offers a promising tool for studying the oxidative damage caused by TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Wayne G Wamer
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Y Martin Lo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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16
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Wang CC, Xia Q, Li M, Wang S, Zhao Y, Tolleson WH, Yin JJ, Fu PP. Metabolic activation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids leading to phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity in human HaCaT keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2014; 32:362-384. [PMID: 25436474 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2014.969980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, produced by a large number of poisonous plants with wide global distribution, are associated with genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and hepatotoxicity in animals and humans. Mammalian metabolism converts pyrrolizidine alkaloids to reactive pyrrolic metabolites (dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids) that form covalent protein and DNA adducts. Although a mechanistic understanding is currently unclear, pyrrolizidine alkaloids can cause secondary (hepatogenous) photosensitization and induce skin cancer. In this study, the phototoxicity of monocrotaline, riddelliine, dehydromonocrotaline, dehydroriddelliine, and dehydroretronecine (DHR) in human HaCaT keratinocytes under ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation was determined. UVA irradiation of HaCaT cells treated with dehydromonocrotaline, dehydroriddelline, and DHR resulted in increased release of lactate dehydrogenase and enhanced photocytotoxicity proportional to the UVA doses. UVA-induced photochemical DNA damage also increased proportionally with dehydromonocrotaline and dehydroriddelline. UVA treatment potentiated the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts induced by dehydromonocrotaline in HaCaT skin keratinocytes. Using electron spin resistance trapping, we found that UVA irradiation of dehydromonocrotaline and dehydroriddelliine generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and superoxide, and electron transfer reactions, indicating that cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these compounds could be mediated by ROS. Our results suggest that dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids formed or delivered to the skin cause pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced secondary photosensitization and possible skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Wang
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , US Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
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17
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Choi H, Park JY, Kim HJ, Noh M, Ueyama T, Bae Y, Lee TR, Shin DW. Hydrogen peroxide generated by DUOX1 regulates the expression levels of specific differentiation markers in normal human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 74:56-63. [PMID: 24332816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) itself plays an indispensable role in the process of differentiation in various tissues. However, it is unclear whether ROS have an effect on the differentiation of keratinocytes essential for the development of the epidermal permeability barrier. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine a major H2O2-generating source by ionomycin in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs), and elucidate the physiological role of H2O2 generated by identified dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) on differentiation markers of NHKs. METHODS To detect H2O2 level generated by ionomycin in NHKs, luminal-HRP assays are performed. To examine the effects of DUOX1 on differentiation markers of NHKs, analysis of Q-RT-PCR, siRNA knockdown, and Western blot analysis were performed. RESULTS We found that levels of H2O2 generated by ionomycin, a Ca(2+) signal inducer, showed Ca(2+) dependence manner. In addition, DPI, an inhibitor of NOXes, significantly reversed the ionomycin-induced H2O2 level, and inhibited the mRNA expression levels of keratin 1, keratin 10, and filaggrin compared with other ROS generating system inhibitors. Interestingly, we demonstrated that extracellular Ca(2+) markedly up-regulated mRNA expression levels of DUOX1 among NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms. Knockdown of DUOX1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in NHKs significantly antagonized an increase of ionomycin-induced H2O2 level, and specifically decreased the expressions of several keratinocyte differentiation markers such as keratin 1, transglutaminase 3, desmoglein 1, and aquaporin 9. In addition, we also found that formation of cornified envelope was significantly reduced in DUOX1-knockdown NHKs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DUOX1 is the major H2O2-producing source in NHKs stimulated with Ca(2+), and plays a significant role in regulating the expression of specific markers necessary for the normal differentiation of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Choi
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yearl Park
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Fuller AM, Giardina C, Hightower LE, Perdrizet GA, Tierney CA. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning protects skin from UV-A damage. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:97-107. [PMID: 22855227 PMCID: PMC3508122 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used for a number of applications, including the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and CO poisoning. However, we and others have shown that HBOT can mobilize cellular antioxidant defenses, suggesting that it may also be useful under circumstances in which tissue protection from oxidative damage is desired. To test the protective properties of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on a tissue level, we evaluated the ability of a preconditioning treatment regimen to protect cutaneous tissue from UV-A-induced oxidative damage. Three groups of hairless SKH1-E mice were exposed to UV-A 3 days per week for 22 weeks, with two of these groups receiving an HBO pretreatment either two or four times per week. UV-A exposure increased apoptosis and proliferation of the skin tissue, indicating elevated levels of epithelial damage and repair. Pretreatment with HBO significantly reduced UV-A-induced apoptosis and proliferation. A morphometric analysis of microscopic tissue folds also showed a significant increase in skin creasing following UV-A exposure, which was prevented by HBO pretreatment. Likewise, skin elasticity was found to be greatest in the group treated with HBO four times per week. The effects of HBO were also apparent systemically as reductions in caspase-3 activity and expression were observed in the liver. Our findings support a protective function of HBO pretreatment from a direct oxidative challenge of UV-A to skin tissue. Similar protection of other tissues may likewise be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Charles Giardina
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Lawrence E. Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - George A. Perdrizet
- Wound Recovery and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Kent Hospital, Warwick, RI 02886 USA
| | - Cassandra A. Tierney
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, U3125, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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19
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Zwane RE, Parker A, Kudanga T, Davids LM, Burton SG. Novel, biocatalytically produced hydroxytyrosol dimer protects against ultraviolet-induced cell death in human immortalized keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11509-17. [PMID: 23072558 DOI: 10.1021/jf300883h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Compounds derived from botanicals, such as olive trees, have been shown to possess various qualities that make them function as ideal antioxidants and, in doing so, protect them against the damaging effect of ultraviolet (UV)-derived oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to biocatalytically synthesize a dimeric product (compound II) from a known botanical, 3-hydroxytyrosol, and test it for its antioxidant ability using a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). 2,2-Diphenyl-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assays showed 33 and 86.7% radical scavenging activity for 3-hydroxytyrosol and its dimer, respectively. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay corroborated this by showing a 3-fold higher antioxidant activity for the dimer than 3-hydroxytyrosol. Western blot analyses, showing cells exposed to 500 μM of the dimeric product when ultraviolet A (UVA)-irradiated, increased the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression by 16% and reduced the pro-apoptotic protein Bax by 87.5%. Collectively, the data show that the dimeric product of 3-hydroxytyrosol is a more effective antioxidant and could be considered for use in skin-care products, health, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refiloe E Zwane
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Group, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Way, Post Office Box 1906, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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Zhao B, Ming M, He YY. Suppression of PTEN transcription by UVA. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 27:184-91. [PMID: 23129115 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although ultraviolet A (UVA; 315-400 nm) has different physical and biological targets than ultraviolet B (UVB; 280-315 nm), the contribution of UVA to skin cancer susceptibility and its molecular basis remain largely unknown. Here we show that chronic UVA radiation suppresses phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression at the mRNA level. Subchronic and acute UVA radiation also downregulated PTEN in normal human epidermal keratinocytes, skin culture, and mouse skin. At the molecular level, chronic UVA radiation decreased the transcriptional activity of the PTEN promoter in a methylation-independent manner, whereas it had no effect on the protein stability or mRNA stability of PTEN. In contrast, we found that UVA-induced activation of the Ras/ERK/AKT and NF-кB pathways plays an important role in UV-induced PTEN downregulation. Inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) or protein pinase B (AKT) increases PTEN expression. Our findings may provide unique insights into PTEN downregulation as a critical component of UVA's molecular impact during keratinocyte transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhao
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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21
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Wright D, Zampagni M, Evangelisti E, Conti S, D'Adamio G, Goti A, Becatti M, Fiorillo C, Taddei N, Cecchi C, Liguri G. Protective Properties of NovelS-Acyl-Glutathione Thioesters Against Ultraviolet-induced Oxidative Stress. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:442-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wright
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Mariagioia Zampagni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Elisa Evangelisti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Simona Conti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Giampiero D'Adamio
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino; Florence; Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino; Florence; Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Niccolò Taddei
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
| | - Gianfranco Liguri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; University of Florence; Firenze; Florence; Italy
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22
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Narayanapillai S, Agarwal C, Tilley C, Agarwal R. Silibinin is a potent sensitizer of UVA radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1135-40. [PMID: 22118157 PMCID: PMC3925450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UVA radiation (315-400 nm), which constitutes ca 95% of the UV irradiation in natural sunlight reaching earth surface, is a major environmental risk factor associated with human skin cancer pathogenesis. UVA is an oxidizing agent that causes significant damage to cellular components through the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Here we investigate the effect of silibinin, the flavonolignan from Silybum marianum, on UVA-induced ROS and cell death in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. In addition, the effect of silibinin on UVA-induced intracellular ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also analyzed. UVA irradiation resulted in ROS production and apoptosis in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the ROS levels and apoptotic index were found to be elevated significantly when the cells were treated with 75 μmsilibinin for 2 h before UVA exposure. When the cells were pretreated with 10 mmN-acetyl cysteine, the enhancement of UVA-induced apoptosis by silibinin was compromised. Furthermore, we found that silibinin enhances ER stress-mediated apoptosis in HaCaT cells by increasing the expression of CHOP protein. These results suggest that silibinin may be beneficial in the removal of UVA-damaged cells and the prevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Narayanapillai
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Tilley
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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23
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Yin JJ, Liu J, Ehrenshaft M, Roberts JE, Fu PP, Mason RP, Zhao B. Phototoxicity of nano titanium dioxides in HaCaT keratinocytes--generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:81-8. [PMID: 22705594 PMCID: PMC3407290 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is among the top five widely used nanomaterials for various applications. In this study, we determine the phototoxicity of TiO(2) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) with different molecular sizes and crystal forms (anatase and rutile) in human skin keratinocytes under UVA irradiation. Our results show that all nano-TiO(2) particles caused phototoxicity, as determined by the MTS assay and by cell membrane damage measured by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, both of which were UVA dose- and nano-TiO(2) dose-dependent. The smaller the particle size of the nano-TiO(2) the higher the cell damage. The rutile form of nano-TiO(2) showed less phototoxicity than anatase nano-TiO(2). The level of photocytotoxicity and cell membrane damage is mainly dependent on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using polyunsaturated lipids in plasma membranes and human serum albumin as model targets, and employing electron spin resonance (ESR) oximetry and immuno-spin trapping as unique probing methods, we demonstrated that UVA irradiation of nano-TiO(2) can induce significant cell damage, mediated by lipid and protein peroxidation. These overall results suggest that nano-TiO(2) is phototoxic to human skin keratinocytes, and that this phototoxicity is mediated by ROS generated during UVA irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Marilyn Ehrenshaft
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Joan E. Roberts
- Fordham University, 113 West 60th Street, New York, NY 10023, United States
| | - Peter P. Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Ronald P. Mason
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Baozhong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Tyrrell RM. Modulation of gene expression by the oxidative stress generated in human skin cells by UVA radiation and the restoration of redox homeostasis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:135-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Hirakawa S, Saito R, Ohara H, Okuyama R, Aiba S. Dual Oxidase 1 Induced by Th2 Cytokines Promotes STAT6 Phosphorylation via Oxidative Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4762-70. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Lei X, Liu B, Han W, Ming M, He YY. UVB-Induced p21 degradation promotes apoptosis of human keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1640-8. [PMID: 20931139 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in sunlight is the major environmental factor causing skin cancer. p21, a p53-inducible protein, plays an important role in cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Here we have investigated the effect of UVB radiation on p21 and its molecular mechanisms and function in human HaCaT keratinocytes, which we used as a premalignant cellular model because normal skin harbors numerous clones of p53-mutated keratinocytes. We found that in human HaCaT keratinocytes UVB induces rapid p21 down-regulation via a proteasomal degradation mechanism. In p53-defective HaCaT cells, the p21 protein levels remain decreased at a later time post-UVB, but in normal human and mouse epidermal keratinocytes with wild-type p53 the p21 levels are initially reduced but later increase post-UVB. These findings indicate that loss of p53 function leads to sustained p21 down-regulation in response to UVB damage. Degradation of p21 following UVB radiation does not require ATR, ATM, or both, because either the ATR/ATM inhibitor caffeine or siRNA knockdown of ATR, ATM, or both failed to reverse p21 degradation. However, inhibiting MDM2 or GSK3β partially reduced UVB-induced p21 degradation, while inhibiting both enzymes completely prevented it. Restoring the p21 protein levels in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes reduced apoptosis. Although at the molecular level increasing p21 expression has no effect on the protein levels of the Bcl-2 family members, it enhances the activation of AKT, a critical survival pathway to protect cells from apoptosis. Our results suggest a distinct mechanism of p21 degradation in keratinocytes by UVB, and this p21 degradation may significantly enhance UVB-induced apoptosis of premalignant keratinocytes with a p53 defect to eliminate damaged cells and therefore prevent skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lei
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Essential role of Nrf2 in keratinocyte protection from UVA by quercetin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Franco R, Sánchez-Olea R, Reyes-Reyes EM, Panayiotidis MI. Environmental toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis: ménage à trois. Mutat Res 2008; 674:3-22. [PMID: 19114126 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionary conserved homeostatic process involved in distinct physiological processes including organ and tissue morphogenesis, development and senescence. Its deregulation is also known to participate in the etiology of several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Environmental stressors (cytotoxic agents, pollutants or toxicants) are well known to induce apoptotic cell death and to contribute to a variety of pathological conditions. Oxidative stress seems to be the central element in the regulation of the apoptotic pathways triggered by environmental stressors. In this work, we review the established mechanisms by which oxidative stress and environmental stressors regulate the apoptotic machinery with the aim to underscore the relevance of apoptosis as a component in environmental toxicity and human disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, 111. T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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29
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Akifusa S, Kamio N, Shimazaki Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamashita Y. Regulation of globular adiponectin-induced apoptosis by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in RAW264 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1326-39. [PMID: 18775488 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, produced predominantly by differentiating adipocytes, is a protein hormone with antidiabetic and immunosuppressive properties. Here, we report evidence that treatment with globular adiponectin (gAd) induces apoptosis in murine macrophage-like RAW264 cells through the generation of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Treatment with gAd induced apoptosis and enhanced the activities of caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8. The gAd stimulation increased ROS generation and significantly reduced the ratio of NADPH to total NADP. Pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium or apocynin reduced ROS and apoptosis in gAd-treated cells. In addition, transfection with p47(phox)- or gp91(phox)-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reduced ROS and apoptosis in response to gAd treatment. These results suggest that the administration of gAd induces apoptosis after ROS generation involving activation of NADPH oxidases. The gAd stimulation increased the release of NO into the culture medium, the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA in RAW264 cells. l-NAME reduced gAd-induced apoptotic cell death. In addition, transfection with an iNOS-specific siRNA markedly reduced the generation of NO and the population of apoptotic cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the gAd-induced apoptotic process in RAW264 cells involves ROS and RNS, which are generated by NADPH oxidases and iNOS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Akifusa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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30
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Valencia A, Kochevar IE. Nox1-based NADPH oxidase is the major source of UVA-induced reactive oxygen species in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:214-22. [PMID: 17611574 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
UVA radiation is a major environmental stress on skin, causing acute and chronic photodamage. These responses are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), although the cellular source of these ROS is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that UVA-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is required for ROS generation in human keratinocytes (HK) and that these ROS initiate rapid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. Treatment of HK with a non-toxic dose of UVA rapidly increased NADPH oxidase activity and intracellular ROS, which were partially blocked by an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and by a mitochondria-selective antioxidant. Depleting the Nox1 isoform of the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase using small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the UVA-induced ROS increase, indicating that ROS produced by mitochondria or other sources are downstream from Nox1. Nox1 siRNA also blocked UVA-initiated PGE2 synthesis. The mechanism for activation of Nox1 is mediated by an increase in intracellular calcium. Ceramide, which has been proposed to mediate responses to UVA in HK, also activated NADPH oxidase. These results indicate that UVA activates Nox1-based NADPH oxidase to produce ROS that stimulate PGE2 synthesis, and that Nox1 may be an appropriate target for agents designed to block UVA-induced skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valencia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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31
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Bedard K, Krause KH. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:245-313. [PMID: 17237347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4860] [Impact Index Per Article: 285.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91(phox)), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation mechanisms and tissue distribution of the different members of the family are markedly different. The physiological functions of NOX family enzymes include host defense, posttranlational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. NOX enzymes also contribute to a wide range of pathological processes. NOX deficiency may lead to immunosuppresion, lack of otoconogenesis, or hypothyroidism. Increased NOX activity also contributes to a large number or pathologies, in particular cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bedard
- Biology of Ageing Laboratories, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Valencia A, Rajadurai A, Carle AB, Kochevar IE. 7-Dehydrocholesterol enhances ultraviolet A-induced oxidative stress in keratinocytes: roles of NADPH oxidase, mitochondria, and lipid rafts. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1704-18. [PMID: 17145559 PMCID: PMC1880892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long wavelength solar UVA radiation stimulates formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which are involved in skin photosensitivity and tumor promotion. High levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), the precursor to cholesterol, cause exaggerated photosensitivity to UVA in patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Partially replacing cholesterol with 7-DHC in keratinocytes rapidly (<5 min) increased UVA-induced ROS, intracellular calcium, phospholipase A(2) activity, PGE(2), and NADPH oxidase activity. UVA-induced ROS and PGE(2) production were inhibited in these cells by depleting the Nox1 subunit of NADPH oxidase using siRNA or using a mitochondrial radical quencher, MitoQ. Partial replacement of cholesterol with 7-DHC also disrupted membrane lipid raft domains, although depletion of cholesterol, which also disrupts lipid rafts, did not affect UVA-induced increases in ROS and PGE(2). Phospholipid liposomes containing 7-DHC were more rapidly oxidized by a free radical mechanism than those containing cholesterol. These results indicate that 7-DHC enhances rapid UVA-induced ROS and PGE(2) formation by enhancing free radical-mediated membrane lipid oxidation and suggests that this mechanism might underlie the UVA photosensitivity in SLOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valencia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thier-224, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Gelderman KA, Hultqvist M, Holmberg J, Olofsson P, Holmdahl R. T cell surface redox levels determine T cell reactivity and arthritis susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:12831-6. [PMID: 16908843 PMCID: PMC1568933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604571103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats and mice with a lower capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of allelic polymorphisms in the Ncf1 gene (which encodes neutrophil cytosolic factor 1) are more susceptible to develop severe arthritis. These data suggest that ROS are involved in regulating the immune response. We now show that the lower capacity to produce ROS is associated with an increased number of reduced thiol groups (-SH) on T cell membrane surfaces. Artificially increasing the number of reduced thiols on T cells from animals with arthritis-protective Ncf1 alleles by glutathione treatment lowered the threshold for T cell reactivity and enhanced proliferative responses in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, T cells from immunized congenic rats with an E3-derived Ncf1 allele (DA.Ncf1E3 rats) that cannot transfer arthritis to rats with an arthritis-associated Dark Agouti (DA)-derived mutated Ncf1 allele (DA.Ncf1DA rats) became arthritogenic after increasing cell surface thiol levels. This finding was confirmed by the reverse experiment, in which oxidized T cells from DA.Ncf1DA rats induced less severe arthritis compared with controls. Therefore, we conclude that ROS production as controlled by Ncf1 is important in regulating surface redox levels of T cells and thereby suppresses autoreactivity and arthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra A. Gelderman
- Medical Inflammation Research, Biomedical Center I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Hultqvist
- Medical Inflammation Research, Biomedical Center I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Holmberg
- Medical Inflammation Research, Biomedical Center I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Olofsson
- Medical Inflammation Research, Biomedical Center I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Biomedical Center I11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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