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Zhang J, Yao Z. Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:21. [PMID: 38654394 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking, an essential mechanism for maintaining immunological homeostasis and mounting effective responses to infections, operates under a stringent regulatory framework. Recent advances have shed light on the perturbation of cell migration patterns, highlighting how such disturbances can propagate inflammatory diseases from their origin to distal organs. This review collates and discusses current evidence that demonstrates atypical communication between the gut and skin, which are conventionally viewed as distinct immunological spheres, in the milieu of inflammation. We focus on the aberrant, reciprocal translocation of immune cells along the gut-skin axis as a pivotal factor linking intestinal and dermatological inflammatory conditions. Recognizing that the translation of these findings into clinical practices is nascent, we suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the axis may offer substantial benefits in mitigating the widespread impact of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Vine EE, Austin PJ, O'Neil TR, Nasr N, Bertram KM, Cunningham AL, Harman AN. Epithelial dendritic cells vs. Langerhans cells: Implications for mucosal vaccines. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113977. [PMID: 38512869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Next-generation vaccines may be delivered via the skin and mucosa. The stratified squamous epithelium (SSE) represents the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis) and type II mucosa (epithelium). Langerhans cells (LCs) have been considered the sole antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to inhabit the SSE; however, it is now clear that dendritic cells (DCs) are also present. Importantly, there are functional differences in how LCs and DCs take up and process pathogens as well as their ability to activate and polarize T cells, though whether DCs participate in neuroimmune interactions like LCs is yet to be elucidated. A correct definition and functional characterization of APCs in the skin and anogenital tissues are of utmost importance for the design of better vaccines and blocking pathogen transmission. Here, we provide a historical perspective on the evolution of our understanding of the APCs that inhabit the SSE, including a detailed review of the most recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Elizabeth Vine
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Westmead Clinic School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Paul Jonathon Austin
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas Ray O'Neil
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Najla Nasr
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kirstie Melissa Bertram
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anthony Lawrence Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Andrew Nicholas Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Expression of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small intestinal tissue of patients with celiac disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12273. [PMID: 36578401 PMCID: PMC9791365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolCDs) play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CeD). Dendritic cells express CD207, CD11c, and CD103 on their surface. In addition to the receptors mentioned above, tolCDs can express the immune-regulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). This study aimed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CD11c, CD103 and CD207 markers, and also IDO gene expression in intestinal tissues of CeD patients in comparison to the healthy individuals. Duodenal biopsies were collected from 60 CeD patients and 60 controls. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression analysis was performed using Real-time PCR SYBR® Green method. Additionally, biopsy specimens were paraffinized and protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of CD11c+, CD207+and CD103+. Gene expression levels of CD11c (P = 0.045), CD103 (P < 0.001), CD207 (P < 0.001) and IDO (P = 0.01) were significantly increased in CeD patients compared to the control group. However, only CD103 protein expression was found to be significantly higher in CeD patients in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). The result of this study showed that the expresion levels of CD11c, CD103, CD207 and IDO markers were higher in CeD patients compared to the controls, indicating the effort of dendritic cells to counterbalance the gliadin-triggered abnormal immune responses in CeD patients.
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Pergolizzi S, Alesci A, Centofanti A, Aragona M, Pallio S, Magaudda L, Cutroneo G, Lauriano ER. Role of Serotonin in the Maintenance of Inflammatory State in Crohn’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040765. [PMID: 35453516 PMCID: PMC9030789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation considered to be a major entity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), affecting different segments of the whole gastrointestinal tract. Peripheral serotonin (5-HT), a bioactive amine predominantly produced by gut enterochromaffin cells (ECs), is crucial in gastrointestinal functions, including motility, sensitivity, secretion, and the inflammatory response. These actions are mediated by a large family of serotonin receptors and specialized serotonin transporter (SERT) located on a variety of cell types in the gut. Several studies indicate that intestinal 5-HT signaling is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Paraformaldehyde-fixed intestinal tissues, obtained from fifteen patients with Crohn’s disease were analyzed by immunostaining for serotonin, Langerin/CD207, and alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA). As controls, unaffected (normal) intestinal specimens of seven individuals were investigated. This study aimed to show the expression of serotonin in dendritic cells (DCs) and myofibroblast which have been characterized with Langerin/CD207 and α-SMA, respectively; furthermore, for the first time, we have found the presence of serotonin in goblet cells. Our results show the correlation between different types of intestinal cells in the maintenance of the inflammatory state in CD linked to the recall of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Centofanti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Socrate Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Magaudda
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Pergolizzi S, Rizzo G, Favaloro A, Alesci A, Pallio S, Melita G, Cutroneo G, Lauriano ER. Expression of VAChT and 5-HT in Ulcerative colitis dendritic cells. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151715. [PMID: 33940317 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that can affect people of worldwide. In contrast with Crohn's disease, that can relate the entire thickness of the bowel wall, the inflammation of ulcerative colitis is limited to the colonic mucosa. Immune cells including activated T cells, plasma cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) trigger the inflammation. Furthermore, dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells involved in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. It has been described an increment of number in DCs colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. The immune cells such as antigen-presenting cells can act as autocrine or paracrine modulators. Recent studies showed that dendritic cells synthetized and released classical neurotransmitters as glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. Paraformaldehyde-fixed intestinal tissues, obtained from the stricture sites of ten patients with ulcerative colitis were analyzed by immunostaining for Langerin/CD207, serotonin and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. As controls, unaffected (normal) portions of five patients were also investigated. Aim of this study was to characterize for the first time the human gut dendritic cells of ulcerative colitis patients, with Langerin/CD207 that is a c-type lectin expressed by different types of DCs and to colocalize in the same cells the expression of serotonin and vesicular acetylcholine transporter, showing the link between dendritic cells, gut enterochromaffin cells or autonomic nerves in immune activation and generation of intestinal inflammation.
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Huang HI, Jewell ML, Youssef N, Huang MN, Hauser ER, Fee BE, Rudemiller NP, Privratsky JR, Zhang JJ, Reyes EY, Wang D, Taylor GA, Gunn MD, Ko DC, Cook DN, Chandramohan V, Crowley SD, Hammer GE. Th17 Immunity in the Colon Is Controlled by Two Novel Subsets of Colon-Specific Mononuclear Phagocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661290. [PMID: 33995384 PMCID: PMC8113646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity is coordinated by specialized mononuclear phagocyte populations, constituted by a diversity of cell subsets. Although the cell subsets constituting the mononuclear phagocyte network are thought to be similar in both small and large intestine, these organs have distinct anatomy, microbial composition, and immunological demands. Whether these distinctions demand organ-specific mononuclear phagocyte populations with dedicated organ-specific roles in immunity are unknown. Here we implement a new strategy to subset murine intestinal mononuclear phagocytes and identify two novel subsets which are colon-specific: a macrophage subset and a Th17-inducing dendritic cell (DC) subset. Colon-specific DCs and macrophages co-expressed CD24 and CD14, and surprisingly, both were dependent on the transcription factor IRF4. Novel IRF4-dependent CD14+CD24+ macrophages were markedly distinct from conventional macrophages and failed to express classical markers including CX3CR1, CD64 and CD88, and surprisingly expressed little IL-10, which was otherwise robustly expressed by all other intestinal macrophages. We further found that colon-specific CD14+CD24+ mononuclear phagocytes were essential for Th17 immunity in the colon, and provide definitive evidence that colon and small intestine have distinct antigen presenting cell requirements for Th17 immunity. Our findings reveal unappreciated organ-specific diversity of intestine-resident mononuclear phagocytes and organ-specific requirements for Th17 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I. Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark L. Jewell
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nourhan Youssef
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Min-Nung Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brian E. Fee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nathan P. Rudemiller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jamie R. Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Junyi J. Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Estefany Y. Reyes
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael D. Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donald N. Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Vidyalakshmi Chandramohan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Steven D. Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Nelson DS, Marano RL, Joo Y, Tian SY, Patel B, Kaplan DH, Shlomchik MJ, Stevenson K, Bronson RT, Rollins BJ. BRAF V600E and Pten deletion in mice produces a histiocytic disorder with features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222400. [PMID: 31527903 PMCID: PMC6748438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by the accumulation of Langerin (CD207)-expressing histiocytes. Mutational activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes, in particular BRAF, drives most cases. To test whether activated BRAF is sufficient for the development of LCH, we engineered mice to express BRAF V600E under the control of the human Langerin promoter. These mice have shortened survivals, smaller lymphoid organs, absent Leydig cells, and fewer epidermal LCs than controls, but do not accumulate histiocytes. To test whether the absence of histiocyte proliferation could be due to oncogene-induced senescence, we engineered homozygous Pten loss in the same cells that expressed BRAF V600E. Like mice with intact Pten, these mice have shortened survivals, smaller thymi, and absent Leydig cells. However, loss of Pten also leads to the accumulation of CD207+ histiocytes in spleen, thymus, and some lymph nodes. While many CD207+ histiocytes in the thymus are CD8-, reminiscent of LCH cells, the CD207+ histiocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes are CD8+. These mice also accumulate large numbers of CD207- cells in the lamina propria (LP) of the small intestine. Both the lymphoid and LP phenotypes are likely due to human Langerin promoter-driven BRAF V600E expression in resident CD8+ dendritic cells in the former and LP dendritic cells in the latter and confirm that Pten loss is required to overcome inhibitory pathways induced by BRAF V600E expression. The complex phenotype of these mice is a consequence of the multiple murine cell types in which the human Langerin promoter is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Nelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryan L. Marano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yechaan Joo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sara Y. Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bhumi Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Kaplan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Barrett J. Rollins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Khor SS, Morino R, Nakazono K, Kamitsuji S, Akita M, Kawajiri M, Yamasaki T, Kami A, Hoshi Y, Tada A, Ishikawa K, Hine M, Kobayashi M, Kurume N, Kamatani N, Tokunaga K, Johnson TA. Genome-wide association study of self-reported food reactions in Japanese identifies shrimp and peach specific loci in the HLA-DR/DQ gene region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1069. [PMID: 29348432 PMCID: PMC5773682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an increasingly important health problem in the world. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focused on European ancestry samples have identified food allergy-specific loci in the HLA class II region. We conducted GWAS of self-reported reactivity with common foods using the data from 11011 Japanese women and identified shrimp and peach allergy-specific loci in the HLA-DR/DQ gene region tagged by rs74995702 (P = 6.30 × 10−17, OR = 1.91) and rs28359884 (P = 2.3 × 10−12, OR = 1.80), respectively. After HLA imputation using a Japanese population-specific reference, the most strongly associated haplotype was HLA-DRB1*04:05-HLA-DQB1*04:01 for shrimp allergy (P = 3.92 × 10−19, OR = 1.99) and HLA-DRB1*09:01-HLA-DQB1*03:03 for peach allergy (P = 1.15 × 10−7, OR = 1.68). Additionally, both allergies’ associated variants were eQTLs for several HLA genes, with HLA-DQA2 the single eQTL gene shared between the two traits. Our study suggests that allergy to certain foods may be related to genetic differences that tag both HLA alleles having particular epitope binding specificities as well as variants modulating expression of particular HLA genes. Investigating this further could increase our understanding of food allergy aetiology and potentially lead to better therapeutic strategies for allergen immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seik-Soon Khor
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoko Morino
- EverGene Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuya Yamasaki
- Life Science Group, Healthcare Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Azusa Kami
- EverGene Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Yuria Hoshi
- Life Science Group, Healthcare Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Asami Tada
- EverGene Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | | | - Maaya Hine
- LunaLuna Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Miki Kobayashi
- LunaLuna Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Nami Kurume
- LunaLuna Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | | | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Cote R, Lynn Eggink L, Kenneth Hoober J. CLEC receptors, endocytosis and calcium signaling. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2017.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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De Jesus M, Rodriguez AE, Yagita H, Ostroff GR, Mantis NJ. Sampling of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis by Langerin-positive dendritic cells in mouse Peyer's patches. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:64-72. [PMID: 26386376 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Candida genus, including C. albicans and C. tropicalis are opportunistic fungal pathogens that are increasingly associated with gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. In healthy populations, however, C. albicans and C. tropicalis are considered benign members of the mycobiome, and are presumably kept in check by the mucosal immune system. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that C. albicans and C. tropicalis are sampled by Peyer's patch (PP) dendritic cells (DCs). Uptake into gut-associated lymphoid tissues occurred rapidly and was at least partly M cell-dependent. C. albicans and C. tropicalis preferentially localized in (and persisted within) a recently identified sub- population of Peyer's patch DCs distinguished by their expression of the C-type lectin receptor, Langerin. This study is the first to identify a subset of PP DCs capable of sampling Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdia De Jesus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Adam E Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Dutchess Community College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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11
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Alpaerts K, Buckinx R, Adriaensen D, Van Nassauw L, Timmermans JP. Identification and Putative Roles of Distinct Subtypes of Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Neuroimmune Communication: What can be Learned from Other Organ Systems? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:903-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Alpaerts
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Roeland Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Luc Van Nassauw
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
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12
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Ko HJ, Chang SY. Regulation of intestinal immune system by dendritic cells. Immune Netw 2015; 15:1-8. [PMID: 25713503 PMCID: PMC4338263 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells survey antigenic materials beneath our body surfaces and provide a front-line response to internal and external danger signals. Dendritic cells (DCs), a subset of innate immune cells, are critical sentinels that perform multiple roles in immune responses, from acting as principal modulators to priming an adaptive immune response through antigen-specific signaling. In the gut, DCs meet exogenous, non-harmful food antigens as well as vast commensal microbes under steady-state conditions. In other instances, they must combat pathogenic microbes to prevent infections. In this review, we focus on the function of intestinal DCs in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Specifically, we describe how intestinal DCs affect IgA production from B cells and influence the generation of unique subsets of T cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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Vorobjova T, Uibo O, Heilman K, Uibo R. Increased density of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small bowel mucosa of celiac patients. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:439-452. [PMID: 25593459 PMCID: PMC4292275 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the densities of dendritic cells (DCs) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their interrelations in the small bowel mucosa in untreated celiac disease (CD) patients with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D).
METHODS: Seventy-four patients (45 female, 29 male, mean age 11.1 ± 6.8 years) who underwent small bowel biopsy were studied. CD without T1D was diagnosed in 18 patients, and CD with T1D was diagnosed in 15 patients. Normal small bowel mucosa was found in two T1D patients. Thirty-nine patients (mean age 12.8 ± 4.9 years) with other diagnoses (functional dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer, erosive gastritis, etc.) formed the control group. All CD patients had partial or subtotal villous atrophy according to the Marsh classification: Marsh grade IIIa in 9, grade IIIb in 21 and grade IIIc in 3 cases. Thirty-nine patients without CD and 2 with T1D had normal small bowel mucosa (Marsh grade 0). The densities of CD11c+, IDO+, CD103+, Langerin (CD207+) DCs and FOXP3+ Tregs were investigated by immunohistochemistry (on paraffin-embedded specimens) and immunofluorescence (on cryostat sections) methods using a combination of mono- and double-staining. Sixty-six serum samples were tested for IgA-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) using a fully automated EliA™ Celikey® IgA assay (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Freiburg, Germany).
RESULTS: The density of CD11c+ DCs was significantly increased in CD patients compared with patients with normal mucosa (21.67 ± 2.49 vs 13.58 ± 1.51, P = 0.007). The numbers of FOXP3+ cells were significantly higher in CD patients (10.66 ± 1.50 vs 1.92 ± 0.37, P = 0.0002) and in patients with CD and coexisting T1D (8.11 ± 1.64 vs 1.92 ± 0.37, P = 0.002) compared with patients with normal mucosa. The density of FOXP3+ cells significantly correlated with the histological grade of atrophic changes in the small bowel mucosa according to the March classification (r = 0.62; P < 0.0001) and with levels of IgA antibody (r = 0.55; P < 0.0001). The densities of IDO+ DCs were significantly higher in CD patients (21.6 ± 2.67 vs 6.26 ± 0.84, P = 0.00003) and in patients with CD and coexisting T1D (19.08 ± 3.61 vs 6.26 ± 0.84, P = 0.004) compared with patients with normal mucosa. A significant correlation was identified between the densities of IDO+ DCs and FOXP3+ T cells (r = 0.76; P = 0.0001). The mean values of CD103+ DCs were significantly higher in CD patients (10.66 ± 1.53 vs 6.34 ± 0.61, P = 0.01) and in patients with CD and associated T1D (11.13 ± 0.72 vs 6.34 ± 0.61, P = 0.00002) compared with subjects with normal small bowel mucosa. The mean value of Langerin+ DCs was higher in CD patients compared with persons with normal mucosa (7.4 ± 0.92 vs 5.64 ± 0.46, P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: The participation of diverse DC subsets in the pathological processes of CD and the possible involvement of tolerogenic DCs in Tregs development to maintain intestinal immunological tolerance in CD patients are revealed.
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Chu KB, Kim SS, Lee SH, Lee HS, Joo KH, Lee JH, Lee YS, Zheng S, Quan FS. Enhanced protection against Clonorchis sinensis induced by co-infection with Trichinella spiralis in rats. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:522-30. [PMID: 24958325 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although co-infection with multiple parasites is a frequent occurrence, changes in the humoral immune response against a pre-existing parasite induced as a result of a subsequent parasitic infection remain undetermined. Here, we utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate antibody responses, cytokine production and enhanced resistance in Clonorchis sinensis-infected rats (Sprague-Dawley) upon Trichinella spiralis infection. Higher levels of C. sinensis-specific IgG and IgA were elicited upon T. spiralis infection, and these levels remained higher than in rats infected with C. sinensis alone. Upon subsequent infection with T. spiralis, IgG antibodies against C. sinensis appeared to be rapidly boosted at day 3, and IgA antibodies were boosted at day 7. Challenge infection of C. sinensis-infected rats with T. spiralis induced substantial mucosal IgG and IgA responses in the liver and intestine and increases in antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Subsequent infection also appeared to confer effective control of liver C. sinensis loads, resulting in enhanced resistance. Memory B cells generated in response to C. sinensis infection were rapidly amplified into antibody-secreting cells upon T. spiralis infection. These results indicate that enhanced C. sinensis clearance induced by co-infection is associated with systemic and mucosal IgG and IgA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-B Chu
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key modulators that shape the immune system. In mucosal tissues, DCs act as surveillance systems to sense infection and also function as professional antigen-presenting cells that stimulate the differentiation of naive T and B cells. On the basis of their molecular expression, DCs can be divided into several subsets with unique functions. In this review, we focus on intestinal DC subsets and their function in bridging the innate signaling and adaptive immune systems to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal immune environment. We also review the current strategies for manipulating mucosal DCs for the development of efficient mucosal vaccines to protect against infectious diseases.
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De Jesus M, Ostroff GR, Levitz SM, Bartling TR, Mantis NJ. A population of Langerin-positive dendritic cells in murine Peyer's patches involved in sampling β-glucan microparticles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91002. [PMID: 24632738 PMCID: PMC3954581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucan particles (GPs) are 2–4 μm hollow, porous shells composed of 1,3-β-D-glucan that have been effectively used for oral targeted–delivery of a wide range of payloads, including small molecules, siRNA, DNA, and protein antigens. While it has been demonstrated that the transepithelial transport of GPs is mediated by Peyer's patch M cells, the fate of the GPs once within gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is not known. Here we report that fluorescently labeled GPs administered to mice by gavage accumulate in CD11c+ DCs situated in Peyer's patch sub-epithelial dome (SED) regions. GPs appeared in DCs within minutes after gavage and remained within the SED for days afterwards. The co-administration or sequential administration of GPs with differentially labeled GPs or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles demonstrated that the SED DC subpopulation in question was capable of internalizing particles of different sizes and material compositions. Phenotypic analysis identified the GP-containing DCs as being CD8α- and CD11blo/-, suggesting they are the so-called myeloid and/or double negative (DN) subset(s) of PP DCs. A survey of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) known to be expressed by leukocytes within the intestinal mucosa revealed that GP-containing SED DCs were positive for Langerin (CD207), a CLR with specificity for β-D-glucan and that has been shown to mediate the internalization of a wide range of microbial pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. The presence of Langerin+ DCs in the SED as determined by immunofluorescence was confirmed using Langerin E-GFP transgenic mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that following M cell-mediated transepithelial transport, GPs (and other micro/nanoparticles) are sampled by a population of SED DCs distinguished from other Peyer's patch DC subsets by their expression of Langerin. Future studies will be aimed at defining the role of Langerin in antigen sampling and antigen presentation within the context of the GALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdia De Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Toni R. Bartling
- College of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dendritic cell-based approaches for therapeutic immune regulation in solid-organ transplantation. J Transplant 2013; 2013:761429. [PMID: 24307940 PMCID: PMC3824554 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid immune rejection, allograft recipients require drug-based immunosuppression, which has significant toxicity. An emerging approach is adoptive transfer of immunoregulatory cells. While mature dendritic cells (DCs) present donor antigen to the immune system, triggering rejection, regulatory DCs interact with regulatory T cells to promote immune tolerance. Intravenous injection of immature DCs of either donor or host origin at the time of transplantation have prolonged allograft survival in solid-organ transplant models. DCs can be treated with pharmacological agents before injection, which may attenuate their maturation in vivo. Recent data suggest that injected immunosuppressive DCs may inhibit allograft rejection, not by themselves, but through conventional DCs of the host. Genetically engineered DCs have also been tested. Two clinical trials in type-1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis have been carried out, and other trials, including one trial in kidney transplantation, are in progress or are imminent.
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Monteiro MA, Ma Z, Bertolo L, Jiao Y, Arroyo L, Hodgins D, Mallozzi M, Vedantam G, Sagermann M, Sundsmo J, Chow H. Carbohydrate-based Clostridium difficile vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:421-31. [PMID: 23560922 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is responsible for thousands of deaths each year and a vaccine would be welcomed, especially one that would disrupt bacterial maintenance, colonization and persistence in carriers and convalescent patients. Structural explorations at the University of Guelph (ON, Canada) discovered that C. difficile may express three phosphorylated polysaccharides, named PSI, PSII and PSIII; this review captures our recent efforts to create vaccines based on these glycans, especially PSII, the common antigen that has precipitated immediate attention. The authors describe the design and immunogenicity of vaccines composed of raw polysaccharides and conjugates thereof. So far, it has been observed that anti-PSII antibodies can be raised in farm animals, mice and hamster models; humans and horses carry anti-PSII IgA and IgG antibodies from natural exposure to C. difficile, respectively; phosphate is an indispensable immunogenic epitope and vaccine-induced PSII antibodies recognize PSII on C. difficile outer surface.
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Welty NE, Staley C, Ghilardi N, Sadowsky MJ, Igyártó BZ, Kaplan DH. Intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells maintain T cell homeostasis but do not affect commensalism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2011-24. [PMID: 24019552 PMCID: PMC3782055 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeted deletion of CD103+CD11b+ LP DCs results in reduced LP Th17 cells at steady state, but has no impact on Citrobacter infection or the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) are composed of two CD103+ subsets that differ in CD11b expression. We report here that Langerin is expressed by human LP DCs and that transgenic human langerin drives expression in CD103+CD11b+ LP DCs in mice. This subset was ablated in huLangerin-DTA mice, resulting in reduced LP Th17 cells without affecting Th1 or T reg cells. Notably, cognate DC–T cell interactions were not required for Th17 development, as this response was intact in huLangerin-Cre I-Aβfl/fl mice. In contrast, responses to intestinal infection or flagellin administration were unaffected by the absence of CD103+CD11b+ DCs. huLangerin-DTA x BatF3−/− mice lacked both CD103+ LP DC subsets, resulting in defective gut homing and fewer LP T reg cells. Despite these defects in LP DCs and resident T cells, we did not observe alterations of intestinal microbial communities. Thus, CD103+ LP DC subsets control T cell homeostasis through both nonredundant and overlapping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Welty
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology and 2 Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Cai M, Wu J, Mao C, Ren J, Li P, Li X, Zhong J, Xu C, Zhou T. A Lectin-EGF antibody promotes regulatory T cells and attenuates nephrotoxic nephritis via DC-SIGN on dendritic cells. J Transl Med 2013; 11:103. [PMID: 23627732 PMCID: PMC3651349 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells play a critical role in the development of glomerulonephritis, which is a common cause of chronic kidney disease. DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), an immune-regulating molecule of the C-type lectin family, is mainly expressed on DCs and mediates DC adhesion and migration, inflammation, activation of primary T cells. DC-SIGN triggers immune responses and is involved in the immune escape of pathogens and tumours. In addition, ligation of DC-SIGN on DCs actively primes DCs to induce Tregs. Under certain conditions, DC-SIGN signalling may result in inhibition of DC maturation, by promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) function and affecting Th1/Th2 bias. Methods A rat model of nephrotoxic nephritis was used to investigate the therapeutic effects of an anti-lectin-epidermal growth factor (EGF) antibody on glomerulonephritis. DCs were induced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. The expression of DC surface antigens were detected using flow cytometry; the levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA and qPCR, respectively; the capability of DCs to stimulate T cell proliferation was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction; PsL-EGFmAb targeting to DC-SIGN on DCs was identified by immunoprecipitation. Results Anti-Lectin-EGF antibody significantly reduced global crescent formation, tubulointerstitial injury and improved renal function impairment through inhibiting DC maturation and modulating Foxp3 expression and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in kidney. Binding of anti-Lectin-EGF antibody to DC-SIGN on human DCs inhibited DC maturation, increased IL-10 production from DCs and enhanced CD4+CD25+ Treg functions. Conclusions Our results suggest that treatment with anti-Lectin-EGF antibody modulates DCs to suppressive DCs and enhances Treg functions, contributing to the attenuation of renal injury in a rat model of nephrotoxic nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Orr SL, Le D, Long JM, Sobieszczuk P, Ma B, Tian H, Fang X, Paulson JC, Marth JD, Varki N. A phenotype survey of 36 mutant mouse strains with gene-targeted defects in glycosyltransferases or glycan-binding proteins. Glycobiology 2012; 23:363-80. [PMID: 23118208 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The consortium for functional glycomics (CFG) was a large research initiative providing networking and resources for investigators studying the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins in health and disease. Starting in 2001, six scientific cores were established to generate data, materials and new technologies. By the end of funding in 2011, the mouse phenotype core (MPC) submitted data to a website from the phenotype screen of 36 mutant mouse strains deficient in a gene for either a glycan-binding protein (GBP) or glycosyltransferase (GT). Each mutant strain was allotted three months for analysis and screened by standard phenotype assays used in the fields of immunology, histology, hematology, coagulation, serum chemistry, metabolism and behavior. Twenty of the deficient mouse strains had been studied in other laboratories, and additional tests were performed on these strains to confirm previous observations and discover new data. The CFG constructed 16 new homozygous mutant mouse strains and completed the initial phenotype screen of the majority of these new mutant strains. In total, >300 phenotype changes were observed, but considering the over 100 assays performed on each strain, most of the phenotypes were unchanged. Phenotype differences include abnormal testis morphology in GlcNAcT9- and Siglec-H-deficient mice and lethality in Pomgnt1-deficient mice. The numerous altered phenotypes discovered, along with the consideration of the significant findings of normality, will provide a platform for future characterization to understand the important roles of glycans and GBPs in the mechanisms of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Orr
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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Mouline CC, Beranger GE, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Quincey D, Momier D, Boukhechba F, Carle GF, Rochet N, Scimeca JC. Monocytes differentiation upon treatment with a peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of activated T cell-expressed Tirc7 protein. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3088-98. [PMID: 22015593 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atp6v0a3 gene encodes for two alternative products, Tirc7 and a3 proteins, which are differentially expressed in activated T cells and resorbing osteoclasts, respectively. Tirc7 plays a central role in T cell activation, while a3 protein is critical for osteoclast-mediated bone matrix resorption. Based on the large body of evidences documenting the relationships between T cells and osteoclasts, we hypothesized that the extracellular C-terminus of Tirc7 protein could directly interact with osteoclast precursor cells. To address this issue, we performed the molecular cloning of a mouse Atp6v0a3 cDNA segment encoding the last 40 amino acids of Tirc7 protein, and we used this peptide as a ligand added to mouse osteoclast precursor cells. We evidenced that Tirc7-Cter peptide induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclast-like cells, stimulated an autocrine/paracrine regulatory loop potentially involved in osteoclastic differentiation control, and strongly up-regulated F4/80 protein expression within multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. Using a mouse bone marrow-derived CD11b(+) cell line, or total bone marrow primary cells, we observed that similarly to Rankl, Tirc7-Cter peptide induced the formation of TRACP-positive large multinucleated cells. At last, using mouse primary monocytes purified from total bone marrow, we determined that Tirc7-Cter peptide induced the appearance of small multinucleated cells (3-4 nuclei), devoid of resorbing activity, and which displayed modulations of dendritic cell marker genes expression. In conclusion, we report for the first time on biological effects mediated by a peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of Tirc7 protein, which interfere with monocytic differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Mouline
- GéPITOs, Université de Nice, CNRS, UMR 6235, UFR Médecine, NICE, Cedex 2, France
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Quan FS, Compans RW, Kang SM. Oral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine induces cross-protective immunity. Vaccine 2011; 30:180-8. [PMID: 22107852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral vaccination would provide an easy and safe measure to prevent infectious diseases by facilitating mass immunization. We investigated the feasibility of oral vaccination with inactivated whole influenza virus (A/PR8/34). Oral vaccination of mice induced high levels of serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific to the homologous virus (A/PR8) as well as cross reactive to heterologous (A/California/04/09) and heterosubtypic viruses (A/Philippines/2/82). IgG1 isotype antibodies were found to be induced at significantly higher levels than IgG2a antibodies. These antibodies induced by oral vaccination exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activities. High levels of both IgG and IgA antibodies were induced in vagina and lungs. Mucosal IgA antibodies were also elicited in other sites including saliva, urine, and fecal samples. Orally vaccinated mice were completely protected against challenge with homologous or heterologous viruses, and partially protected against heterosubtypic virus. Importantly, high recall antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses were induced in spleen, indicating the generation of memory B cells by oral vaccination. The present study therefore presents new findings of cross-reactive antibodies at systemic and diverse mucosal sites, recall antibody responses, and cross-protective efficacies by oral vaccination, thus supporting a proof-of-concept that oral delivery of vaccines can be developed as an effective vaccination route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Jeungpyeong 368-701, South Korea
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Abstract
The innate immune system consists of multiple cell types that express germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Allergens are frequently found in forms and mixtures that contain PAMPs and DAMPs. The innate immune system is interposed between the external environment and the internal acquired immune system. It is also an integral part of the airways, gut, and skin. These tissues face continuous exposure to allergens, PAMPs, and DAMPs. Interaction of allergens with the innate immune system normally results in immune tolerance but, in the case of allergic disease, this interaction induces recurring and/or chronic inflammation as well as the loss of immunologic tolerance. Upon activation by allergens, the innate immune response commits the acquired immune response to a variety of outcomes mediated by distinct T-cell subsets, such as T-helper 2, regulatory T, or T-helper 17 cells. New studies highlighted in this review underscore the close relationship between allergens, the innate immune system, and the acquired immune system that promotes homeostasis versus allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Minnicozzi
- Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Branch, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6601, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review our current understanding of the relationship between absorption of nutrients and intestinal inflammatory response. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing evidence linking gut local inflammatory events with the intake of nutrients. Our recent studies, using the conscious lymph fistula rat model, demonstrate that fat absorption activates the intestinal mucosal mast cells. This is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the lymphatic release of mast cell mediators including histamine, rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII), as well as the lipid mediator prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Clinical studies suggest that increased consumption of animal fat may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This impact of dietary fat may not be restricted to the gut but may extend to the whole body. There is evidence linking a high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome, with a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In this review, we hope to convince the readers that fat absorption can have far reaching physiological and pathophysiological consequences. SUMMARY Understanding the relationship between nutrient absorption and intestinal inflammation is important. We need a better understanding of the interaction between enterocytes and the intestinal immune cells in nutrient absorption and the gut inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
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Rochereau N, Verrier B, Pin JJ, Genin C, Paul S. Phenotypic localization of distinct DC subsets in mouse Peyer Patch. Vaccine 2011; 29:3655-61. [PMID: 21439318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peyer's patch have been extensively studied as a major inductive site for mucosal immunity within the small intestine. The intestinal mucosa contains numerous dendritic cells, which induce either protective immunity to infectious agents or tolerance to innocuous antigens, including food and commensal bacteria. Although during the past few years, several subsets of human mucosal dendritic cells have been described, a precise characterization of the different mouse mucosal dendritic cells subpopulations remains to be achieved with regard to their phenotype and localization in Peyer's patch. In this report, we have investigated by immunofluorescence on cryosection and by flow cytometry, the phenotype and the localization of dendritic cells into Peyer's patch of C57Bl/6 mouse intestine using dendritic cells markers. Positive and double staining for CD11c and BDCA-2, pDC/IPC, DC-LAMP, DC-SIGN, TLR8 and Langerin have been observed revealing new mouse intestinal DC subsets. This study provides new insight in the understanding of mucosal immune responses induced by natural processes as infections but also new perspectives for the evaluation of oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP, EA3064, Faculté de médecine, Universités de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Mete Ö, Doğan Ö, Kapran Y, Tihan D, Erbil Y, Ozarmağan S. Intestinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis-like lesion in an adult presented with diverticulitis: a reactive or neoplastic condition? Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 17:403-7. [PMID: 20976634 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the gut by Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is very rare in adults; however this is usually observed with a disseminated disease in children. We report a 75-year-old male patient who underwent right hemicolectomy for a complicated intestinal diverticular disease. The surgical specimen revealed LCH-like proliferative lesion associated with diverticulitis. The overall morphological and immunohistochemical findings are indistinguishable from LCH. Systemic scans and subsequently performed bone marrow biopsies were free of disease. Although the HUMARA clonality assay cannot be assessed, the lack of evidence of LCH progression or disease elsewhere in the whole body strongly supported the possibility of an atypical reactive phenomenon probably due to the underlying intestinal diverticular disease. Therefore, it is important to avoid diagnosing such a unifocal Langerhans cell proliferation as LCH in patients with underlying pathologies in the absence of systemic involvement. Therefore, without knowledge of clonal status of a unifocal Langerhans cell proliferation, we recommend using the terminology of LCH-like lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Mete
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Temel Bilimler Binası, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey,
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