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Li Z, Lu X, Wu K, Wang J, Li Y, Li Y, Ren K, Han X. Graphene oxide-loaded rapamycin coating on airway stents inhibits stent-related granulation tissue hyperplasia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 66:ezae270. [PMID: 38980196 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to explore the safety and efficacy of a graphene oxide-loaded rapamycin-coated self-expandable metallic airway stent (GO@RAPA-SEMS) in a rabbit model. METHODS The dip coating method was used to develop a GO@RAPA-SEMS and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-acid loaded rapamycin-coated self-expandable metallic airway stent (PLGA@RAPA-SEMS). The surface structure was evaluated using a scanning electronic microscope. The in vitro drug-release profiles of the 2 stents were explored and compared. In the animal study, a total of 45 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups and underwent 3 kinds of stent placements. Computed tomography was performed to evaluate the degree of stenosis at 1, 2 and 3 months after the stent operation. Five rabbits in each group were sacrificed after the computed tomography scan. The stented trachea and blood were collected for further pathological analysis and laboratory testing. RESULTS The in vitro drug-release study revealed that GO@RAPA-SEMS exhibited a sudden release on the first day and maintained a certain release rate on the 14th day. The PLGA@RAPA-SEMS exhibited a longer sustained release time. All 45 rabbits underwent successful stent placement. Pathological results indicated that the granulation tissue thickness in the GO@RAPA-SEMS group was less than that in the PLGA@RAPA-SEMS group. The TUNEL and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α staining results support the fact that the granulation inhibition effect in the GO@RAPA-SEMS group was greater than that in the PLGA@RAPA-SEMS group. CONCLUSIONS GO@RAPA-SEMS effectively inhibited stent-related granulation tissue hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yahua Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Ponticelli C, Reggiani F, Moroni G. Autophagy: A Silent Protagonist in Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:1532-1541. [PMID: 37953477 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism that recycles unnecessary cytoplasmic components. It is now known that autophagy dysfunction may have a pathogenic role in several human diseases and conditions, including kidney transplantation. Both defective and excessive autophagy may induce or aggravate several complications of kidney transplantation, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, alloimmune response, and immunosuppressive treatment and side effects. Although it is still complicated to measure autophagy levels in clinical practice, more attention should be paid to the factors that may influence autophagy. In kidney transplantation, the association of low doses of a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with low doses of a calcineurin inhibitor may be of benefit for autophagy modulation. However, further studies are needed to explore the role of other autophagy regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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3
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Kemp F, Braverman EL, Byersdorfer CA. Fatty acid oxidation in immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420336. [PMID: 39007133 PMCID: PMC11240245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a crucial determinant of immune cell fate and function. Extensive studies have demonstrated that metabolic decisions influence immune cell activation, differentiation, and cellular capacity, in the process impacting an organism's ability to stave off infection or recover from injury. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can contribute to the severity of multiple disease conditions including autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and cancer. Emerging data also demonstrate that metabolic cues and profiles can influence the success or failure of adoptive cellular therapies. Importantly, immunometabolism is not one size fits all; and different immune cell types, and even subdivisions within distinct cell populations utilize different metabolic pathways to optimize function. Metabolic preference can also change depending on the microenvironment in which cells are activated. For this reason, understanding the metabolic requirements of different subsets of immune cells is critical to therapeutically modulating different disease states or maximizing cellular function for downstream applications. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), in particular, plays multiple roles in immune cells, providing both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we review the major metabolic pathways available to immune cells, then focus more closely on the role of FAO in different immune cell subsets. Understanding how and why FAO is utilized by different immune cells will allow for the design of optimal therapeutic interventions targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig A. Byersdorfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Karakus IS, Catak MC, Frohne A, Bayram Catak F, Yorgun Altunbas M, Babayeva R, Bal SK, Eltan SB, Yalcin Gungoren E, Esen F, Zemheri IE, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Ozen A, Caki-Kilic S, Kraakman MJ, Boztug K, Baris S. Rapamycin Controls Lymphoproliferation and Reverses T-Cell Responses in a Patient with a Novel STIM1 Loss-of-Function Deletion. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:94. [PMID: 38578569 PMCID: PMC10997552 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deficiency of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) results in combined immunodeficiency accompanied by extra-immunological findings like enamel defects and myopathy. We here studied a patient with a STIM1 loss-of-function mutation who presented with severe lymphoproliferation. We sought to explore the efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in controlling disease manifestations and reversing aberrant T-cell subsets and functions, which has never been used previously in this disorder. METHODS Clinical findings of the patient were collected over time. We performed immunological evaluations before and after initiation of rapamycin treatment, including detailed lymphocyte subset analyses, alterations in frequencies of circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and their subtypes as well as T cell activation and proliferation capacities. RESULTS A novel homozygous exon 2 deletion in STIM1 was detected in a 3-year-old girl with severe lymphoproliferation, recurrent infections, myopathy, iris hypoplasia, and enamel hypoplasia. Lymphoproliferation was associated with severe T-cell infiltrates. The deletion resulted in a complete loss of protein expression, associated with a lack of store-operated calcium entry response, defective T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Interestingly, patient blood contained fewer cTFH and increased circulating follicular regulatory (cTFR) cells. Abnormal skewing towards TH2-like responses in certain T-cell subpopulations like cTFH, non-cTFH memory T-helper, and Treg cells was associated with increased eosinophil numbers and serum IgE levels. Treatment with rapamycin controlled lymphoproliferation, improved T-cell activation and proliferation capacities, reversed T-cell responses, and repressed high IgE levels and eosinophilia. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances our understanding of STIM1 deficiency by uncovering additional abnormal T-cell responses, and reveals for the first time the potential therapeutic utility of rapamycin for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Cihangir Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Feyza Bayram Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Yorgun Altunbas
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Royala Babayeva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Yalcin Gungoren
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehim Esen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Itir Ebru Zemheri
- Department of Pathology, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suar Caki-Kilic
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Kaan Boztug
- Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. No: 41, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey.
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yu PJ, Zhou M, Liu Y, Du J. Senescent T Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0219. [PMID: 38502582 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-induced alterations in human immunity are often considered deleterious and are referred to as immunosenescence. The immune system monitors the number of senescent cells in the body, while immunosenescence may represent the initiation of systemic aging. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are the most impacted and involved in age-related immune function deterioration, making older individuals more prone to different age-related diseases. T-cell senescence can impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies that rely on the immune system's function, including vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. The research and practice of using senescent T cells as therapeutic targets to intervene in age-related diseases are in their nascent stages. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent related literature to investigate the characteristics of senescent T cells as well as their formation mechanisms, relationship with various aging-related diseases, and means of intervention. The primary objective of this article is to explore the prospects and possibilities of therapeutically targeting senescent T cells, serving as a valuable resource for the development of immunotherapy and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Colina AS, Shah V, Shah RK, Kozlik T, Dash RK, Terhune S, Zamora AE. Current advances in experimental and computational approaches to enhance CAR T cell manufacturing protocols and improve clinical efficacy. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 4:1310002. [PMID: 39086435 PMCID: PMC11285593 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2024.1310002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the FDA's approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in 2017, significant improvements have been made in the design of chimeric antigen receptor constructs and in the manufacturing of CAR T cell therapies resulting in increased in vivo CAR T cell persistence and improved clinical outcome in certain hematological malignancies. Despite the remarkable clinical response seen in some patients, challenges remain in achieving durable long-term tumor-free survival, reducing therapy associated malignancies and toxicities, and expanding on the types of cancers that can be treated with this therapeutic modality. Careful analysis of the biological factors demarcating efficacious from suboptimal CAR T cell responses will be of paramount importance to address these shortcomings. With the ever-expanding toolbox of experimental approaches, single-cell technologies, and computational resources, there is renowned interest in discovering new ways to streamline the development and validation of new CAR T cell products. Better and more accurate prognostic and predictive models can be developed to help guide and inform clinical decision making by incorporating these approaches into translational and clinical workflows. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent advancements in CAR T cell manufacturing and describe the strategies used to selectively expand specific phenotypic subsets. Additionally, we review experimental approaches to assess CAR T cell functionality and summarize current in silico methods which have the potential to improve CAR T cell manufacturing and predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo S. Colina
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Viren Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ravi K. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tanya Kozlik
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ranjan K. Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Scott Terhune
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anthony E. Zamora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Pang N, Tudahong S, Zhu Y, He J, Han C, Chen G, Wang W, Wang J, Ding J. Galectin-9 alleviates acute graft-versus-host disease after haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by regulating regulatory T cell/effector T cell imbalance. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1177. [PMID: 38353382 PMCID: PMC10865418 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) arises from the imbalance of host T cells. Galectin-9 negatively regulates CD4 effector T cell (Th1 and Th17) function by binding to Tim-3. However, the relationship between Galectin-9/Tim-3 and CD4+ T subsets in patients with aGVHD after Haplo-HSCT (haploidentical peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of Galectin-9 and CD4+ T subsets in aGVHD after haplo-HSCT. METHODS Forty-two patients underwent Haplo-HSCT (26 without aGVHD and 16 with aGVHD), and 20 healthy controls were included. The concentrations of Galectin-9, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and IL-17 in the serum and culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or cytometric bead array. The expression levels of Galectin-9, PI3K, p-PI3K, and p-mTOR protein were detected by western blot analysis. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets. Bioinformatics analysis was performed. RESULTS In patients with aGVHD, regulatory T (Treg) cells and Galectin-9 decreased, and the Th1, Th17, and Treg cells were significantly imbalanced. Moreover, Treg and Galectin-9 were rapidly reconstituted in the early stage of patients without aGVHD after Haplo-HSCT, but Th17 cells were reconstituted slowly. Furthermore, Tim-3 upregulation on Th17 and Th1 cells was associated with excessive activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in patients with aGVHD. Specifically, in vitro treatment with Galectin-9 reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 production while augmenting TGF-β secretion. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the potential involvement of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in aGVHD. Mechanistically, exogenous Galectin-9 was found to mitigate aGVHD by restoring the Treg/Teffs (effector T cells) balance and suppressing PI3K. CONCLUSION Galectin-9 may ameliorate aGVHD after haplo-HSCT by modulating Treg/Teffs balance and regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Targeting Galectin-9 may hold potential value for the treatment of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Pang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Shabaaiti Tudahong
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of HematologyUrumqiChina
| | - Yuejie Zhu
- Reproductive Fertility Assistance CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGeneral Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, PLAUrumqiChina
| | - Chunxia Han
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of HematologyUrumqiChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of HematologyUrumqiChina
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease ResearchTraditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Reproductive Fertility Assistance CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
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Guo Y, Yan S, Zhang W. Translatomics to explore dynamic differences in immunocytes in the tumor microenvironment. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102037. [PMID: 37808922 PMCID: PMC10551571 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein is an essential component of all living organisms and is primarily responsible for life activities; furthermore, its synthesis depends on a highly complex and accurate translation system. For proteins, the regulation at the translation level exceeds the sum of that during transcription, mRNA degradation, and protein degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to study regulation at the translation level. Imbalance in the translation process may change the cellular landscape, which not only leads to the occurrence, maintenance, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer but also affects the function of immune cells and changes the tumor microenvironment. Detailed analysis of transcriptional and protein atlases is needed to better understand how gene translation occurs. However, a more rigorous direct correlation between mRNA and protein levels is needed, which somewhat limits further studies. Translatomics is a technique for capturing and sequencing ribosome-related mRNAs that can effectively identify translation changes caused by ribosome stagnation and local translation abnormalities during cancer occurrence to further understand the changes in the translation landscape of cancer cells themselves and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which can provide new strategies and directions for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Kim A, Xie F, Abed OA, Moon JJ. Vaccines for immune tolerance against autoimmune disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115140. [PMID: 37980949 PMCID: PMC10757742 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence and rising incidence of autoimmune diseases have become a prominent public health issue. Autoimmune disorders result from the immune system erroneously attacking the body's own healthy cells and tissues, causing persistent inflammation, tissue injury, and impaired organ function. Existing treatments primarily rely on broad immunosuppression, leaving patients vulnerable to infections and necessitating lifelong treatments. To address these unmet needs, an emerging frontier of vaccine development aims to restore immune equilibrium by inducing immune tolerance to autoantigens, offering a potential avenue for a cure rather than mere symptom management. We discuss this burgeoning field of vaccine development against inflammation and autoimmune diseases, with a focus on common autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Vaccine-based strategies provide a new pathway for the future of autoimmune disease therapeutics, heralding a new era in the battle against inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar A Abed
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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10
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Angelico R, Romano F, Coppola L, Materazzo M, Pedini D, Santicchia MS, Cacciola R, Toti L, Sarmati L, Tisone G. Effects of Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis with Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2101. [PMID: 38138204 PMCID: PMC10744931 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Underpowered immune response to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. A novel combination of monoclonal antibodies tixagevimab-cilgavimab (TGM/CGM) received authorization as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in those with reduced response to vaccine. We aimed to evaluate the response rate to COVID-19 vaccination in kidney transplant (KT), compared to liver transplant (LT) recipients, and the efficacy and safety of PrEP with TGM/CGM. Material and Methods: Between March and November 2022, adult KT and LT recipients who had completed the vaccination schedule (3 doses) were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies titer. SOT recipients with anti-SARS-CoV-2 titer ≥ 100 IU/mL were considered protected against infection, while those with titer < 100 UI/mL were defined non-protected. Patients with inadequate response were invited to PrEP. Results: In total, 306 patients were enrolled [KT:197 (64.4%), LT:109 (35.6%)]. After the complete scheme of vaccination, 246 (80.3%) patients developed a protective titer, while 60 (19.6%) did not have a protective titer. KT recipients had a lower rate of protective anti-COVID-19 titer compared to LT patients [149 (75.6%) vs. 97 (89.0%), p = 0.004]. Recipients with non-protective anti-COVID-19 titer received mainly tacrolimus-based regimen associated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (70%) e steroids (46.7%) as maintenance immunosuppression, while those treated with everolimus were associated with higher protective titer. Of 35 (58.3%) patients who received PrEP, within 12 months, 6 (17.1%) (all KT) developed pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 disease, while 15/25 (60%) of non-responders, who did not receive the prophylaxis, developed COVID-19 disease. After PrEP, hospitalization rate was lower (2.8% vs. 16%), and no adverse events, neither graft loss nor rejection, were observed. Conclusions: Despite complete COVID-19 vaccination, SOT recipients might be not protected from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially after KT. In non-protected SOT patients, the subsequent pre-exposure prophylaxis with combination of monoclonal antibodies (TGM/CGM) might be an efficacy and safe strategy to prevent COVID-19 severe disease and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Angelico
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romano
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Materazzo
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Domiziana Pedini
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sara Santicchia
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cacciola
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Toti
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Singh DK, Bhaskar A, Pahuja I, Shaji A, Moitra B, Shi Y, Dwivedi VP, Das G. Cotreatment With Clofazimine and Rapamycin Eliminates Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis by Inducing Polyfunctional Central Memory T-Cell Responses. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1166-1178. [PMID: 37290049 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is acquiring drug resistance at a faster rate than the discovery of new antibiotics. Therefore, alternate therapies that can limit the drug resistance and disease recurrence are urgently needed. Emerging evidence indicates that combined treatment with antibiotics and an immunomodulator provides superior treatment efficacy. Clofazimine (CFZ) enhances the generation of T central memory (TCM) cells by blocking the Kv1.3+ potassium channels. Rapamycin (RAPA) facilitates M. tuberculosis clearance by inducing autophagy. In this study, we observed that cotreatment with CFZ and RAPA potently eliminates both multiple and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in a mouse model by inducing robust T-cell memory and polyfunctional TCM responses. Furthermore, cotreatment reduces the expression of latency-associated genes of M. tuberculosis in human macrophages. Therefore, CFZ and RAPA cotherapy holds promise for treating patients infected with MDR and XDR strains of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Shaji
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Barnani Moitra
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yufang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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12
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Panwar V, Singh A, Bhatt M, Tonk RK, Azizov S, Raza AS, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Garg M. Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:375. [PMID: 37779156 PMCID: PMC10543444 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and migration, to maintain cellular homeostasis. The mTOR signaling cascade consists of two distinct multi-subunit complexes named mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of several critical proteins like AKT, protein kinase C, insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), transcription factor EB (TFEB), sterol-responsive element-binding proteins (SREBPs), Lipin-1, and Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinases. mTOR signaling plays a central role in regulating translation, lipid synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, biogenesis of lysosomes, nutrient sensing, and growth factor signaling. The emerging pieces of evidence have revealed that the constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway due to mutations/amplification/deletion in either mTOR and its complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) or upstream targets is responsible for aging, neurological diseases, and human malignancies. Here, we provide the detailed structure of mTOR, its complexes, and the comprehensive role of upstream regulators, as well as downstream effectors of mTOR signaling cascades in the metabolism, biogenesis of biomolecules, immune responses, and autophagy. Additionally, we summarize the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as an important modulator of mTOR signaling. Importantly, we have highlighted the potential of mTOR signaling in aging, neurological disorders, human cancers, cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. Here, we discuss the developments for the therapeutic targeting of mTOR signaling with improved anticancer efficacy for the benefit of cancer patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Panwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aishwarya Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manini Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Agha Saquib Raza
- Rajive Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital, Tahirpur, New Delhi, 110093, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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Gambari R, Zuccato C, Cosenza LC, Zurlo M, Gasparello J, Finotti A, Gamberini MR, Prosdocimi M. The Long Scientific Journey of Sirolimus (Rapamycin): From the Soil of Easter Island (Rapa Nui) to Applied Research and Clinical Trials on β-Thalassemia and Other Hemoglobinopathies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1202. [PMID: 37759601 PMCID: PMC10525103 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we present the fascinating story of rapamycin (sirolimus), a drug able to induce γ-globin gene expression and increased production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in erythroid cells, including primary erythroid precursor cells (ErPCs) isolated from β-thalassemia patients. For this reason, rapamycin is considered of great interest for the treatment of β-thalassemia. In fact, high levels of HbF are known to be highly beneficial for β-thalassemia patients. The story of rapamycin discovery began in 1964, with METEI, the Medical Expedition to Easter Island (Rapa Nui). During this expedition, samples of the soil from different parts of the island were collected and, from this material, an antibiotic-producing microorganism (Streptomyces hygroscopicus) was identified. Rapamycin was extracted from the mycelium with organic solvents, isolated, and demonstrated to be very active as an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent. Later, rapamycin was demonstrated to inhibit the in vitro cell growth of tumor cell lines. More importantly, rapamycin was found to be an immunosuppressive agent applicable to prevent kidney rejection after transplantation. More recently, rapamycin was found to be a potent inducer of HbF both in vitro using ErPCs isolated from β-thalassemia patients, in vivo using experimental mice, and in patients treated with this compound. These studies were the basis for proposing clinical trials on β-thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambari
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Cristina Zuccato
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.C.); (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.C.); (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.C.); (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.R.G.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.C.); (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Maria Rita Gamberini
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.R.G.)
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14
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Bell S, Perkins GB, Anandh U, Coates PT. COVID and the Kidney: An Update. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151471. [PMID: 38199827 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to a global pandemic that continues to be responsible for ongoing health issues for people worldwide. Immunocompromised individuals such as kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients have been and continue to be among the most affected, with poorer outcomes after infection, impaired response to COVID-19 vaccines, and protracted infection. The pandemic also has had a significant impact on patients with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD), with CKD increasing susceptibility to COVID-19, risk of hospital admission, and mortality. COVID-19 also has been shown to lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) through both direct and indirect mechanisms. The incidence of COVID-19 AKI has been decreasing as the pandemic has evolved, but continues to be associated with adverse patient outcomes correlating with the severity of AKI. There is also increasing evidence examining the longer-term effect of COVID-19 on the kidney demonstrating continued decline in kidney function several months after infection. This review summarizes the current evidence examining the impact of COVID-19 on the kidney, covering both the impact on patients with CKD, including patients receiving kidney replacement therapy, in addition to discussing COVID-19 AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bell
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
| | - Griffith B Perkins
- University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia; Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - Urmila Anandh
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Hospitals, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - P Toby Coates
- University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia; Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
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15
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Eyraud E, Maurat E, Sac-Epée JM, Henrot P, Zysman M, Esteves P, Trian T, Dupuy JW, Leipold A, Saliba AE, Begueret H, Girodet PO, Thumerel M, Hustache-Castaing R, Marthan R, Levet F, Vallois P, Contin-Bordes C, Berger P, Dupin I. Short-range interactions between fibrocytes and CD8 + T cells in COPD bronchial inflammatory response. eLife 2023; 12:RP85875. [PMID: 37494277 PMCID: PMC10371228 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchi of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the site of extensive cell infiltration, allowing persistent contact between resident cells and immune cells. Tissue fibrocytes interaction with CD8+ T cells and its consequences were investigated using a combination of in situ, in vitro experiments and mathematical modeling. We show that fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells are found in the vicinity of distal airways and that potential interactions are more frequent in tissues from COPD patients compared to those of control subjects. Increased proximity and clusterization between CD8+ T cells and fibrocytes are associated with altered lung function. Tissular CD8+ T cells from COPD patients promote fibrocyte chemotaxis via the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis. Live imaging shows that CD8+ T cells establish short-term interactions with fibrocytes, that trigger CD8+ T cell proliferation in a CD54- and CD86-dependent manner, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, CD8+ T cell cytotoxic activity against bronchial epithelial cells and fibrocyte immunomodulatory properties. We defined a computational model describing these intercellular interactions and calibrated the parameters based on our experimental measurements. We show the model's ability to reproduce histological ex vivo characteristics, and observe an important contribution of fibrocyte-mediated CD8+ T cell proliferation in COPD development. Using the model to test therapeutic scenarios, we predict a recovery time of several years, and the failure of targeting chemotaxis or interacting processes. Altogether, our study reveals that local interactions between fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells could jeopardize the balance between protective immunity and chronic inflammation in the bronchi of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmée Eyraud
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sac-Epée
- Univ-Lorraine, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pauline Henrot
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maeva Zysman
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Trian
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Leipold
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Begueret
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Pessac, France
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Pessac, France
| | - Romain Hustache-Castaing
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Pessac, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Pessac, France
| | - Florian Levet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Vallois
- Univ-Lorraine, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- CNRS, UMR5164 ImmunoConcEpT, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Proteomics Facility, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Pessac, France
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Wang Y, Wang GZ, Chen C, Huang HZ, Wang YH, He XH, Xu LX, Xu LC, Li WT. Exploration of the impact of multimode thermal therapy versus radiofrequency ablation on CD8 + T effector cells of liver malignancies based on single cell transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172362. [PMID: 37334386 PMCID: PMC10272448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multimode thermal therapy (MTT) is an innovative interventional therapy developed for the treatment of liver malignancies. When compared to the conventional radiofrequency ablation (RFA), MTT typically offers improved prognosis for patients. However, the effect of MTT on the peripheral immune environment and the mechanisms underlying the enhanced prognosis have yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms responsible for the difference in prognosis between the two therapies. Methods In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from four patients treated with MTT and two patients treated with RFA for liver malignancies at different time points before and after the treatment. Single cell sequencing was performed on the blood samples to compare and analyze the activation pathways of peripheral immune cells following the MTT and RFA treatment. Results There was no significant effect of either therapy on the composition of immune cells in peripheral blood. However, the differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enhanced activation of T cells in the MTT group compared to the RFA group. In particular, there was a remarkable increase in TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, as well as the expression of IFN-α and IFN-γ in the CD8+ effector T (CD8+ Teff) cells subpopulation, when compared to the RFA group. This may be related to the upregulation of PI3KR1 expression after MTT, which promotes the activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Conclusion This study confirmed that MTT could more effectively activate peripheral CD8+ Teff cells in patients compared with RFA and promote the effector function, thus resulting in a better prognosis. These results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of MTT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Wang
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Zhe Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hong He
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa X. Xu
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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17
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Gerbaux M, Roos E, Willemsen M, Staels F, Neumann J, Bücken L, Haughton J, Yshii L, Dooley J, Schlenner S, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. CTLA4-Ig Effectively Controls Clinical Deterioration and Immune Condition in a Murine Model of Foxp3 Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01462-2. [PMID: 37156988 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FOXP3 deficiency results in severe multisystem autoimmunity in both mice and humans, driven by the absence of functional regulatory T cells. Patients typically present with early and severe autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, dermatitis, and severe inflammation of the gut, leading to villous atrophy and ultimately malabsorption, wasting, and failure to thrive. In the absence of successful treatment, FOXP3-deficient patients usually die within the first 2 years of life. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides a curative option but first requires adequate control over the inflammatory condition. Due to the rarity of the condition, no clinical trials have been conducted, with widely unstandardized therapeutic approaches. We sought to compare the efficacy of lead therapeutic candidates rapamycin, anti-CD4 antibody, and CTLA4-Ig in controlling the physiological and immunological manifestations of Foxp3 deficiency in mice. METHOD We generated Foxp3-deficient mice and an appropriate clinical scoring system to enable direct comparison of lead therapeutic candidates rapamycin, nondepleting anti-CD4 antibody, and CTLA4-Ig. RESULTS We found distinct immunosuppressive profiles induced by each treatment, leading to unique protective combinations over distinct clinical manifestations. CTLA4-Ig provided superior breadth of protective outcomes, including highly efficient protection during the transplantation process. CONCLUSION These results highlight the mechanistic diversity of pathogenic pathways initiated by regulatory T cell loss and suggest CTLA4-Ig as a potentially superior therapeutic option for FOXP3-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Gerbaux
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Roos
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Willemsen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Frederik Staels
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Leoni Bücken
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeason Haughton
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - James Dooley
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Susan Schlenner
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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18
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Gao H, Li Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang T, Wang F, Xu Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Sulfonamide Methoxypyridine Derivatives as Novel PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030461. [PMID: 36986560 PMCID: PMC10054477 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and metabolism, and has become an effective target for cancer treatment. Meanwhile, inhibiting both PI3K and mammalian rapamycin receptor (mTOR) can simultaneously improve the efficiency of anti-tumor therapy. Herein, a series of 36 sulfonamide methoxypyridine derivatives with three different aromatic skeletons were synthesized as novel potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors based on a scaffold hopping strategy. Enzyme inhibition assay and cell anti-proliferation assay were employed to assess all derivatives. Then, the effects of the most potent inhibitor on cell cycle and apoptosis were performed. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of AKT, an important downstream effector of PI3K, was evaluated by Western blot assay. Finally, molecular docking was used to confirm the binding mode with PI3Kα and mTOR. Among them, 22c with the quinoline core showed strong PI3Kα kinase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.22 nM) and mTOR kinase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 23 nM). 22c also showed a strong proliferation inhibitory activity, both in MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 130 nM) and HCT-116 cells (IC50 = 20 nM). 22c could effectively cause cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis of HCT-116 cells. Western blot assay showed that 22c could decrease the phosphorylation of AKT at a low concentration. The results of the modeling docking study also confirmed the binding mode of 22c with PI3Kα and mTOR. Hence, 22c is a promising PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, which is worthy of further research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zaolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Youjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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19
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Carey ST, Bridgeman C, Jewell CM. Biomaterial Strategies for Selective Immune Tolerance: Advances and Gaps. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205105. [PMID: 36638260 PMCID: PMC10015875 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity and allergies affect a large number of people across the globe. Current approaches to these diseases target cell types and pathways that drive disease, but these approaches are not cures and cannot differentiate between healthy cells and disease-causing cells. New immunotherapies that induce potent and selective antigen-specific tolerance is a transformative goal of emerging treatments for autoimmunity and serious allergies. These approaches offer the potential of halting-or even reversing-disease, without immunosuppressive side effects. However, translating successful induction of tolerance to patients is unsuccessful. Biomaterials offer strategies to direct and maximize immunological mechanisms of tolerance through unique capabilities such as codelivery of small molecules or signaling molecules, controlling signal density in key immune tissues, and targeting. While a growing body of work in this area demonstrates success in preclinical animal models, these therapies are only recently being evaluated in human trials. This review will highlight the most recent advances in the use of materials to achieve antigen-specific tolerance and provide commentary on the current state of the clinical development of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Carey
- University of Maryland Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Christopher Bridgeman
- University of Maryland Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- University of Maryland Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- US Department of Veterans AffairsVA Maryland Health Care SystemBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical DevicesCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Maryland Medical SchoolBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMD21201USA
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20
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Lu Y, Ruan Y, Hong P, Rui K, Liu Q, Wang S, Cui D. T-cell senescence: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109202. [PMID: 36470338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent T cells are proliferative disabled lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific responses. The development of T-cell senescence in autoimmune diseases contributes to immunological disorders and disease progression. Senescent T cells lack costimulatory markers with the reduction of T cell receptor repertoire and the uptake of natural killer cell receptors. Senescent T cells exert cytotoxic effects through the expression of perforin, granzymes, tumor necrosis factor, and other molecules without the antigen-presenting process. DNA damage accumulation, telomere damage, and limited DNA repair capacity are important features of senescent T cells. Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of reactive oxygen species contribute to T cell senescence. Alleviation of T-cell senescence could provide potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yongchun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Pan Hong
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Zurlo M, Nicoli F, Proietto D, Dallan B, Zuccato C, Cosenza LC, Gasparello J, Papi C, d'Aversa E, Borgatti M, Scapoli C, Finotti A, Gambari R. Effects of Sirolimus treatment on patients with β-Thalassemia: Lymphocyte immunophenotype and biological activity of memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:353-364. [PMID: 36625233 PMCID: PMC9889681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have been proposed to improve vaccine responses, especially in the elderly. Accordingly, testing mTOR inhibitors (such as Sirolimus) and other geroprotective drugs might be considered a key strategy to improve overall health resilience of aged populations. In this respect, Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is of great interest, in consideration of the fact that it is extensively used in routine therapy and in clinical studies for the treatment of several diseases. Recently, Sirolimus has been considered in laboratory and clinical studies aimed to find novel protocols for the therapy of hemoglobinopathies (e.g. β-Thalassemia). The objective of the present study was to analyse the activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in β-Thalassemia patients treated with Sirolimus, taking advantages from the availability of cellular samples of the NCT03877809 clinical trial. The approach was to verify IFN-γ releases following stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to stimulatory CEF and CEFTA peptide pools, stimulatory for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. The main results of the present study are that treatment of β-Thalassemia patients with Sirolimus has a positive impact on the biological activity and number of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells releasing IFN-γ following stimulation with antigenic stimuli present in immunological memory. These data are to our knowledge novel and in our opinion of interest, in consideration of the fact that β-Thalassemia patients are considered prone to immune deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Cristina Zuccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Chiara Papi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Elisabetta d'Aversa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biology and EvolutionUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly,Center Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago for the Research on ThalassemiaUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
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22
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Butterfield JSS, Yamada K, Bertolini TB, Syed F, Kumar SRP, Li X, Arisa S, Piñeros AR, Tapia A, Rogers CA, Li N, Rana J, Biswas M, Terhorst C, Kaufman RJ, de Jong YP, Herzog RW. IL-15 blockade and rapamycin rescue multifactorial loss of factor VIII from AAV-transduced hepatocytes in hemophilia A mice. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3552-3569. [PMID: 35821634 PMCID: PMC9734025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer has the potential to cure the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia A. However, declining therapeutic coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) expression has plagued clinical trials. To assess the mechanistic underpinnings of this loss of FVIII expression, we developed a hemophilia A mouse model that shares key features observed in clinical trials. Following liver-directed AAV8 gene transfer in the presence of rapamycin, initial FVIII protein expression declines over time in the absence of antibody formation. Surprisingly, loss of FVIII protein production occurs despite persistence of transgene and mRNA, suggesting a translational shutdown rather than a loss of transduced hepatocytes. Some of the animals develop ER stress, which may be linked to hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression. FVIII protein expression is preserved by interleukin-15/interleukin-15 receptor blockade, which suppresses CD8+ T and natural killer cell responses. Interestingly, mice with initial FVIII levels >100% of normal had diminishing expression while still under immune suppression. Taken together, our findings of interanimal variability of the response, and the ability of the immune system to shut down transgene expression without utilizing cytolytic or antibody-mediated mechanisms, illustrate the challenges associated with FVIII gene transfer. Our protocols based upon cytokine blockade should help to maintain efficient FVIII expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S S Butterfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thais B Bertolini
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sandeep R P Kumar
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christopher A Rogers
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Samford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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23
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Tunbridge M, Perkins GB, Singer J, Salehi T, Ying T, Grubor-Bauk B, Barry S, Sim B, Hissaria P, Chadban SJ, Coates PT. Rapamycin and inulin for booster vaccine response stimulation (RIVASTIM)—rapamycin: study protocol for a randomised, controlled trial of immunosuppression modification with rapamycin to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in kidney transplant recipients. Trials 2022; 23:780. [PMID: 36109788 PMCID: PMC9477178 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19-associated hospitalisation and death. Vaccination has been a key public health strategy to reduce disease severity and infectivity, but the effectiveness of COVID vaccines is markedly reduced in kidney transplant recipients. Urgent strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy are needed. Methods: RIVASTIM-rapamycin is a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial examining the effect of immunosuppression modification prior to a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients who have failed to develop protective immunity to a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccine schedule. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to either remain on standard of care immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisolone (control) or cease mycophenolate and commence sirolimus (intervention) for 4 weeks prior to and following vaccination. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants in each trial arm who develop protective serological neutralisation of live SARS-CoV-2 virus at 4–6 weeks following a third COVID-19 vaccination. Secondary outcomes include SARS-CoV-receptor binding domain IgG, vaccine-specific immune cell populations and responses, and the safety and tolerability of sirolimus switch. Discussion: Immunosuppression modification strategies may improve immunological vaccine response. We hypothesise that substituting the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus for mycophenolate in a triple drug regimen will enhance humoral and cell-mediated responses to COVID vaccination for kidney transplant recipients. Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001412820. Registered on 20 October 2021; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382891&isReview=true
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24
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O'Shea AE, Valdera FA, Ensley D, Smolinsky TR, Cindass JL, Kemp Bohan PM, Hickerson AT, Carpenter EL, McCarthy PM, Adams AM, Vreeland TJ, Clifton GT, Peoples GE. Immunologic and dose dependent effects of rapamycin and its evolving role in chemoprevention. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109095. [PMID: 35973640 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin inhibits the mechanistic (formally mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved intracellular kinase that influences activation of growth signaling pathways and immune responses to malignancy. Rapamycin has been found to have both immunosuppressant and immunostimulatory effects throughout the innate and adaptive responses based on the inhibition of mTOR signaling. While the immunosuppressant properties of rapamycin and mTOR inhibition explain rapamycin's success in the prevention of transplant rejection, the immunostimulatory characteristics are likely partially responsible for rapamycin's anti-neoplastic effects. The immunologic response to rapamycin is at least partially dependent on the dose and administration schedule, with lower doses inducing immunostimulation and intermittent dosing promoting immune function while limiting metabolic and immunosuppressant toxicities. In addition to its FDA-approved application in advanced malignancies, rapamycin may be effective as a chemopreventive agent, suspending progression of low-grade cancers, preventing invasive conversion of in situ malignancy, or delaying malignant transformation of established pre-malignant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E O'Shea
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Franklin A Valdera
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel Ensley
- Department of Urology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd R Smolinsky
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Cindass
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Patrick M McCarthy
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra M Adams
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Vreeland
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guy T Clifton
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Bensussen A, Santana MA, Rodríguez-Jorge O. Metabolic alterations impair differentiation and effector functions of CD8+ T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945980. [PMID: 35983057 PMCID: PMC9380903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are one of the main effector cells of the immune system, they protect the organism against intracellular threats such as viruses and bacteria, as well as neoplasms. It is currently well established that CD8+ T cells have distinct immune responses, given by their phenotypes Tc1, Tc2, Tc17, and TcReg. The cellular plasticity of such phenotypes depends on the presence of different combinations of cytokines in the extracellular medium. It is known that metabolic imbalances play an important role in immune response, but the precise role of metabolic disturbances on the differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells, however, has not been explored. In this work, we used a computational model to explore the potential effect of metabolic alterations such as hyperglycemia, high alcohol consumption, dyslipidemia, and diabetes on CD8+ T cell differentiation. Our model predicts that metabolic alterations preclude the effector function of all CD8+ T cell phenotypes except for TcReg cells. It also suggests that such inhibition originates from the increase of reactive oxygen species in response to metabolic stressors. Finally, we simulated the outcome of treating metabolic-inhibited CD8+ T cells with drugs targeting key molecules such as mTORC1, mTORC2, Akt, and others. We found that overstimulation of mTORC2 may restore cell differentiation and functions of all effector phenotypes, even in diabetic patients. These findings highlight the importance of our predictive model to find potential targets to strengthen immunosuppressed patients in chronic diseases, like diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bensussen
- Laboratorio de Dinámica de Redes Genéticas, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Maria Angelica Santana
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Otoniel Rodríguez-Jorge
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Otoniel Rodríguez-Jorge,
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26
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Chakraborty S, Khamaru P, Bhattacharyya A. Regulation of immune cell metabolism in health and disease: Special focus on T and B cell subsets. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1729-1746. [PMID: 35900141 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a dynamic process and keeps changing from time to time according to the demand of a particular cell to meet its bio-energetic requirement. Different immune cells rely on distinct metabolic programs which allow the cell to balance its requirements for energy, molecular biosynthesis, and effector activity. In the aspect of infection and cancer immunology, effector T and B cells get exhausted and help tumor cells to evade immunosurveillance. On the other hand, T cells become hyperresponsive in the scenario of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we have explored the uniqueness and distinct metabolic features of key CD4+ T and B helper cell subsets, CD4+ T, B regulatory cell subsets and CD8+ T cells regarding health and disease. Th1 cells rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis; inhibition of these metabolic pathways promotes Th1 cells in Treg population. However, Th2 cells are also dependent on glycolysis but an abundance of lactate within TME shifts their metabolic dependency to fatty acid metabolism. Th17 cells depend on HIF-1α mediated glycolysis, ablation of HIF-1α reduces Th17 cells but enhance Treg population. In contrast to effector T cells which are largely dependent on glycolysis for their differentiation and function, Treg cells mainly rely on FAO for their function. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the metabolic fates of immune cells and how it facilitates their differentiation and function for different disease models. Targeting metabolic pathways to restore the functionality of immune cells in diseased conditions can lead to potent therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Poulomi Khamaru
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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27
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Beaudry AG, Law ML. Leucine Supplementation in Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and a Review of the Pre-Clinical Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142824. [PMID: 35889781 PMCID: PMC9323748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complex syndrome of bodily wasting and progressive functional decline. Unlike starvation, cachexia cannot be reversed by increased energy intake alone. Nonetheless, targeted nutritional support is a necessary component in multimodal syndrome management. Due to the highly catabolic nature of cancer cachexia, amino acid supplementation has been proposed. Interestingly, leucine has been found to increase protein synthesis and decrease protein degradation via mTORC1 pathway activation. Multiple pre-clinical studies have explored the impact of leucine supplementation in cachectic tumor-bearing hosts. Here, we provide an overview of leucine’s proposed modes of action to preserve lean mass in cachexia and review the current pre-clinical literature related to leucine supplementation during CC. Current research indicates that a leucine-rich diet may attenuate CC symptomology; however, these works are difficult to compare due to methodological differences. There is need for further pre-clinical work exploring leucine’s potential ability to modulate protein turnover and immune response during CC, as well as the impact of additive leucine on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Beaudry
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Michelle L. Law
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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28
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Claiborne MD, Sengupta S, Zhao L, Arwood ML, Sun IM, Wen J, Thompson EA, Mitchell-Flack M, Laiho M, Powell JD. Persistent CAD activity in memory CD8 + T cells supports rRNA synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis required at rechallenge. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabh4271. [PMID: 35622902 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells are characterized by their ability to persist long after the initial antigen encounter and their capacity to generate a rapid recall response. Recent studies have identified a role for metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial function in promoting the longevity of memory T cells. However, detailed mechanisms involved in promoting their rapid recall response are incompletely understood. Here, we identify a role for the initial and continued activation of the trifunctional rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) as critical in promoting the rapid recall response of previously activated CD8+ T cells. We found that CAD was rapidly phosphorylated upon naïve T cell activation in an mTORC1-dependent manner, yet remained phosphorylated long after initial activation. Previously activated CD8+ T cells displayed continued de novo pyrimidine synthesis in the absence of mitogenic signals, and interfering with this pathway diminished the speed and magnitude of cytokine production upon rechallenge. Inhibition of CAD did not affect cytokine transcript levels but diminished available pre-rRNA (ribosomal RNA), the polycistronic rRNA precursor whose synthesis is the rate-limiting step in ribosomal biogenesis. CAD inhibition additionally decreased levels of detectable ribosomal proteins in previously activated CD8+ T cells. Conversely, overexpression of CAD improved both the cytokine response and proliferation of memory T cells. Overall, our studies reveal a critical role for CAD-induced pyrimidine synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis in promoting the rapid recall response characteristic of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Claiborne
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Srona Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Matthew L Arwood
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Im-Meng Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marisa Mitchell-Flack
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Basile MS, Cavalli E, McCubrey J, Hernández-Bello J, Muñoz-Valle JF, Fagone P, Nicoletti F. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: A potential pharmacological target in COVID-19. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:848-856. [PMID: 34763066 PMCID: PMC8574122 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a serious threat to global health. The disregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) cell signaling pathway observed in patients with COVID-19 has attracted attention for the possible use of specific inhibitors of this pathway for the treatment of the disease. Here, we review emerging data on the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the clinical studies investigating its tailored inhibition in COVID-19. Current in silico, in vitro, and in vivo data convergently support a role for the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in COVID-19 and suggest the use of specific inhibitors of this pathway that, by a combined mechanism entailing downregulation of excessive inflammatory reactions, cell protection, and antiviral effects, could ameliorate the course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Basile
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cavalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody Medical Sciences Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- University Center for Health Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco 49000, Mexico
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy,Corresponding author
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30
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Zurlo M, Nicoli F, Borgatti M, Finotti A, Gambari R. Possible effects of sirolimus treatment on the long‑term efficacy of COVID‑19 vaccination in patients with β‑thalassemia: A theoretical perspective. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:33. [PMID: 35059731 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‑CoV‑2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) has posed a major challenge for global health. In order to successfully combat SARS‑CoV‑2, the development of effective COVID‑19 vaccines is crucial. In this context, recent studies have highlighted a high COVID‑19 mortality rate in patients affected by β‑thalassemia, probably due to their co‑existent immune deficiencies. In addition to a role in the severity of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection and in the mortality rate of COVID‑19‑infected patients with thalassemia, immunosuppression is expected to deeply affect the effectivity of anti‑COVID‑19 vaccines. In the context of the interplay between thalassemia‑associated immunosuppression and the effectiveness of COVID‑19 vaccines, the employment of immunomodulatory molecules is hypothesized. For instance, short‑term treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (such as everolimus and sirolimus) has been found to improve responses to influenza vaccination in adults, with benefits possibly persisting for a year following treatment. Recently, sirolimus has been considered for the therapy of hemoglobinopathies (including β‑thalassemia). Sirolimus induces the expression of fetal hemoglobin (and this may contribute to the amelioration of the clinical parameters of patients with β‑thalassemia) and induces autophagy (thereby reducing the excessive levels of α‑globin). It may also finally contribute to the mobilization of erythroid cells from the bone marrow (thereby reducing anemia). In the present study, the authors present the hypothesis that sirolimus treatment, in addition to its beneficial effects on erythroid‑related parameters, may play a crucial role in sustaining the effects of COVID‑19 vaccination in patients with β‑thalassemia. This hypothesis is based on several publications demonstrating the effects of sirolimus treatment on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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31
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Braun C, Weichhart T. mTOR-dependent immunometabolism as Achilles' heel of anticancer therapy. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3161-3175. [PMID: 34648202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are important constituents of the tumor microenvironment and essential in eradicating tumor cells during conventional therapies or novel immunotherapies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses the intra- and extracellular nutrient status, growth factor supply, and cell stress-related changes to coordinate cellular metabolism and activation dictating effector and memory functions in mainly all hematopoietic immune cells. In addition, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 are frequently deregulated and become activated in cancer cells to drive cell transformation, survival, neovascularization, and invasion. In this review, we provide an overview of the influence of mTOR complexes on immune and cancer cell function and metabolism. We discuss how mTOR inhibitors aiming to target cancer cells will influence immunometabolic cell functions participating either in antitumor responses or favoring tumor cell progression in individual immune cells. We suggest immunometabolism as the weak spot of anticancer therapy and propose to evaluate patients according to their predominant immune cell subtype in the cancer tissue. Advances in metabolic drug development that hold promise for more effective treatments in different types of cancer will have to consider their effects on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Braun
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Wang X, Wei Z, Jiang Y, Meng Z, Lu M. mTOR Signaling: The Interface Linking Cellular Metabolism and Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1303-1314. [PMID: 34580816 PMCID: PMC8692646 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that includes mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2. The mTOR pathway is activated in viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-induced hepatitis. Currently, chronic HBV infection remains one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of effective therapeutic strategies for HBV suggests that clarification of the pathogenesis of HBV infection is urgently required. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV infection can activate the mTOR pathway, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the mTOR pathway to benefit its own replication. Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway might be a crucial target for controlling HBV infection. Here, we summarize and discuss the latest findings from model biology research regarding the interaction between the mTOR signaling pathway and HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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33
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Elkoshi Z. The Binary Model of Chronic Diseases Applied to COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716084. [PMID: 34539649 PMCID: PMC8446604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A binary model for the classification of chronic diseases has formerly been proposed. The model classifies chronic diseases as “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases according to the extent of regulatory T cells (Treg) activity (frequency or function) observed. The present paper applies this model to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The model correctly predicts the efficacy or inefficacy of several immune-modulating drugs in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. It also correctly predicts the class of pathogens mostly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical implications are the following: (a) any search for new immune-modulating drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 should exclude candidates that do not induce “high Treg” immune reaction or those that do not spare CD8+ T cells; (b) immune-modulating drugs, which are effective against SARS-CoV-2, may not be effective against any variant of the virus that does not induce “low Treg” reaction; (c) any immune-modulating drug, which is effective in treating COVID-19, will also alleviate most coinfections; and (d) severe COVID-19 patients should avoid contact with carriers of “low Treg” pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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34
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Chávez MD, Tse HM. Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703972. [PMID: 34276700 PMCID: PMC8281042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in oxidative stress could be associated with tissue and cell damage common in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive CD4 T cell effector subsets (Th1,Th17) driving these diseases require increased glycolytic metabolism to upregulate key transcription factors (TF) like T-bet and RORγt that drive differentiation and proinflammatory responses. However, research in immunometabolism has demonstrated that mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules contributing to T cell fate and function. Eliminating autoreactive T cells by targeting glycolysis or ROS production is a potential strategy to inhibit autoreactive T cell activation without compromising systemic immune function. Additionally, increasing self-tolerance by promoting functional immunosuppressive CD4 T regulatory (Treg) cells is another alternative therapeutic for autoimmune disease. Tregs require increased ROS and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for Foxp3 TF expression, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine synthesis. Decreasing glycolytic activity or increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity can also be beneficial in inhibiting cytotoxic CD8 T cell effector responses. Current treatment options for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include global immunosuppression, antibodies to deplete immune cells, and anti-cytokine therapy. While effective in diminishing autoreactive T cells, they can also compromise other immune responses resulting in increased susceptibility to other diseases and complications. The impact of mitochondrial-derived ROS and immunometabolism reprogramming in autoreactive T cell differentiation could be a potential target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Exploiting these pathways may delay autoimmune responses in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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35
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Moraschi BF, Noronha IH, Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Monteiro CB, Denapoli P, Vrechi T, Pereira GJS, Gazzinelli RT, Lannes-Vieira J, Rodrigues MM, Bortoluci KR, Vasconcelos JRC. Rapamycin Improves the Response of Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells Induced by Immunization With ASP2 of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676183. [PMID: 34123875 PMCID: PMC8191465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in memory formation and increased immunosenescence are pivotal features of Trypanosoma cruzi infection proposed to play a role in parasite persistence and disease development. The vaccination protocol that consists in a prime with plasmid DNA followed by the boost with a deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5, both carrying the ASP2 gene of T. cruzi, is a powerful strategy to elicit effector memory CD8+ T-cells against this parasite. In virus infections, the inhibition of mTOR, a kinase involved in several biological processes, improves the response of memory CD8+ T-cells. Therefore, our aim was to assess the role of rapamycin, the pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, in CD8+ T response against T. cruzi induced by heterologous prime-boost vaccine. For this purpose, C57BL/6 or A/Sn mice were immunized and daily treated with rapamycin for 34 days. CD8+ T-cells response was evaluated by immunophenotyping, intracellular staining, ELISpot assay and in vivo cytotoxicity. In comparison with vehicle-injection, rapamycin administration during immunization enhanced the frequency of ASP2-specific CD8+ T-cells and the percentage of the polyfunctional population, which degranulated (CD107a+) and secreted both interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The beneficial effects were long-lasting and could be detected 95 days after priming. Moreover, the effects were detected in mice immunized with ten-fold lower doses of plasmid/adenovirus. Additionally, the highly susceptible to T. cruzi infection A/Sn mice, when immunized with low vaccine doses, treated with rapamycin, and challenged with trypomastigote forms of the Y strain showed a survival rate of 100%, compared with 42% in vehicle-injected group. Trying to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects on CD8+ T-cells by mTOR inhibition after immunization, we showed that in vivo proliferation was higher after rapamycin treatment compared with vehicle-injected group. Taken together, our data provide a new approach to vaccine development against intracellular parasites, placing the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as an adjuvant to improve effective CD8+ T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaú Henrique Noronha
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Cariste
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Monteiro
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Priscila Denapoli
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Vrechi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J. S. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratoy of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício M. Rodrigues
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie C. Vasconcelos
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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36
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Christian LS, Wang L, Lim B, Deng D, Wu H, Wang XF, Li QJ. Resident memory T cells in tumor-distant tissues fortify against metastasis formation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109118. [PMID: 33979626 PMCID: PMC8204287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical machinery for rapid pathogen removal, resident memory T cells (TRMs) are locally generated after the initial encounter. However, their development accompanying tumorigenesis remains elusive. Using a murine breast cancer model, we show that TRMs develop in the tumor, the contralateral mammary mucosa, and the pre-metastatic lung. Single-cell RNA sequencing of TRMs reveals two phenotypically distinct populations representing their active versus quiescent phases. These TRMs in different tissue compartments share the same TCR clonotypes and transcriptomes with a subset of intratumoral effector/effector memory T cells (TEff/EMs), indicating their developmental ontogeny. Furthermore, CXCL16 is highly produced by tumor cells and CXCR6- TEff/EMs are the major subset preferentially egressing the tumor to form distant TRMs. Functionally, releasing CXCR6 retention in the primary tumor amplifies tumor-derived TRMs in the lung and leads to superior protection against metastases. This immunologic fortification suggests a potential strategy to prevent metastasis in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Christian
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan Lim
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dachuan Deng
- TCRCure (TianKeYa) Biopharma, Ltd., Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Haiyang Wu
- TCRCure (TianKeYa) Biopharma, Ltd., Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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37
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The mechanism of hsa-miR-424-5 combining PD-1 through mTORC signaling pathway to stimulate immune effect and participate in Type 1 diabetes. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222029. [PMID: 32010928 PMCID: PMC7070146 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, hsa-miR-424-5p mimic plasmid and hsa-mir-424-5p inhibitor plasmid were designed and injected into rats respectively, and miRNA control plasmid was also constructed. Models of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) were built. After successful modeling, the expression of hsa-miR-424-5p in lymphocytes was analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of protein PD-1, T-bet, CXCR3, STING in Th1 lymphocytes and content of IGF-1 in islet tissue were analyzed by flow analysis. The protein levels of SHP2, Rheb, mTORC1, Rictor and Raptor in islet tissue were analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that hsa-miR-424-5p mimic group had the highest expression of hsa-miR-424-5p in lymphocytes. The expression of PD-1 was in hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor > miRNA control > hsa-miR-424-5p mimic, while the expression of T-bet, CXCR3 and STING was in hsa-miR-424-5p mimic > miRNA control > hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor. The expression of IGF-1 protein in hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor group was the highest (32.08%) and hardly expressed in hsa-miR-424-5p mimic group (2.36%). The expression of SHP2, Rheb, mTORC1, Rictor and Raptor of insulin histoproteins were in hsa-miR-424-5p mimic group > miRNA control of > hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor group, with statistical differences. It indicates that hsa-miR-424-5p binding PD-1 signaling molecules can stimulate the immune effect through the mTORC signaling pathway and participates in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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38
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El Sayed R, Haibe Y, Amhaz G, Bouferraa Y, Shamseddine A. Metabolic Factors Affecting Tumor Immunogenicity: What Is Happening at the Cellular Level? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2142. [PMID: 33670011 PMCID: PMC7927105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the treatment paradigm in multiple solid and hematologic malignancies. However, response remains limited in a significant number of cases, with tumors developing innate or acquired resistance to checkpoint inhibition. Certain "hot" or "immune-sensitive" tumors become "cold" or "immune-resistant", with resultant tumor growth and disease progression. Multiple factors are at play both at the cellular and host levels. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes the most to immune-resistance, with nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, acidity and different secreted inflammatory markers, all contributing to modulation of immune-metabolism and reprogramming of immune cells towards pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Both the tumor and surrounding immune cells require high amounts of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids to fulfill their energy demands. Thus, both compete over one pool of nutrients that falls short on needs, obliging cells to resort to alternative adaptive metabolic mechanisms that take part in shaping their inflammatory phenotypes. Aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, tryptophan catabolism, glutaminolysis, fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation, etc. are all mechanisms that contribute to immune modulation. Different pathways are triggered leading to genetic and epigenetic modulation with consequent reprogramming of immune cells such as T-cells (effector, memory or regulatory), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (M1 or M2), natural killers (NK) cells (active or senescent), and dendritic cells (DC) (effector or tolerogenic), etc. Even host factors such as inflammatory conditions, obesity, caloric deficit, gender, infections, microbiota and smoking status, may be as well contributory to immune modulation, anti-tumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Given the complex and delicate metabolic networks within the tumor microenvironment controlling immune response, targeting key metabolic modulators may represent a valid therapeutic option to be combined with checkpoint inhibitors in an attempt to regain immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola El Sayed
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Yolla Haibe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ghid Amhaz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
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Yu T, Dong T, Eyvani H, Fang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Lu X. Metabolic interventions: A new insight into the cancer immunotherapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 697:108659. [PMID: 33144083 PMCID: PMC8638212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming confers cancer cells plasticity and viability under harsh conditions. Such active alterations lead to cell metabolic dependency, which can be exploited as an attractive target in development of effective antitumor therapies. Similar to cancer cells, activated T cells also execute global metabolic reprogramming for their proliferation and effector functions when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the high metabolic activity of rapidly proliferating cancer cells can compete for nutrients with immune cells in the TME, and consequently, suppressing their anti-tumor functions. Thus, therapeutic strategies could aim to restore T cell metabolism and anti-tumor responses in the TME by targeting the metabolic dependence of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight current research progress on metabolic reprogramming and the interplay between cancer cells and immune cells. We also discuss potential therapeutic intervention strategies for targeting metabolic pathways to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tianhan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Haniyeh Eyvani
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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40
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Zhao Q, Duck LW, Huang F, Alexander KL, Maynard CL, Mannon PJ, Elson CO. CD4 + T cell activation and concomitant mTOR metabolic inhibition can ablate microbiota-specific memory cells and prevent colitis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/54/eabc6373. [PMID: 33310866 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota-reactive CD4+ T memory (TM) cells are generated during intestinal infections and inflammation, and can revert to pathogenic CD4+ T effector (TE) cells, resulting in chronicity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unlike TE cells, TM cells have a low rate of metabolism unless they are activated by reencountering cognate antigen. Here, we show that the combination of cell activation and metabolic checkpoint inhibition (CAMCI), by targeting key metabolic regulators mTORC and AMPK, resulted in cell death and anergy, but enhanced the induction of the regulatory subset. Parenteral application of this treatment with a synthetic peptide containing multiple flagellin T cell epitopes (MEP1) and metabolic inhibition successfully prevented the development of CD4+ T cell-driven colitis. Microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells, especially the pathogenic TE subsets, were decreased 10-fold in the intestinal lamina propria. Furthermore, using the CAMCI strategy, we were able to prevent antigen-specific TM cell formation upon initial antigen encounter, and ablate existing TM cells upon reactivation in mice, leading to an altered transcriptome in the remaining CD4+ T cells after ablation. Microbiota flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells from patients with Crohn's disease were ablated in a similar manner after CAMCI in vitro, with half of the antigen-specific T cells undergoing cell death. These results indicate that parenteral activation of microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells with concomitant metabolic inhibition is an effective way to ablate pathogenic CD4+ TM cells and to induce T regulatory (Treg) cells that provide antigen-specific and bystander suppression, supporting a potential immunotherapy to prevent or ameliorate IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lennard W Duck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Genetics, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Peter J Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why? Front Med 2020; 15:221-231. [PMID: 33165737 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) critically regulates several essential biological functions, such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and immune response by forming two important complexes, namely, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Great efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors, particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors, which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2; however, major success has not been achieved. With the strong scientific rationale, the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in clinics. Beyond early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy, recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some explanations. These new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Further elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.
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Darling R, Senapati S, Christiansen J, Liu L, Ramer-Tait AE, Narasimhan B, Wannemuehler M. Polyanhydride Nanoparticles Induce Low Inflammatory Dendritic Cell Activation Resulting in CD8 + T Cell Memory and Delayed Tumor Progression. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6579-6592. [PMID: 32982219 PMCID: PMC7490050 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s261041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adjuvants and immunotherapies designed to activate adaptive immunity to eliminate infectious disease and tumors have become an area of interest aimed at providing a safe and effective strategy to prevent or eliminate disease. Existing approaches would benefit from the development of immunization regimens capable of inducing efficacious cell-mediated immunity directed toward CD8+ T cell-specific antigens. This goal is critically dependent upon appropriate activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) most notably dendritic cells (DCs). In this regard, polyanhydride particles have been shown to be effectively internalized by APCs and induce activation. Methods Here, a prophylactic vaccine regimen designed as a single-dose polyanhydride nanovaccine encapsulating antigen is evaluated for the induction of CD8+ T cell memory in a model system where antigen-specific protection is restricted to CD8+ T cells. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) are used as an in vitro model system to evaluate the magnitude and phenotype of APC activation. Primary DCs, particularly those with described ability to activate CD8+ T cells, are also evaluated for their in vitro responses to polyanhydride nanoparticles. Results Herein, polyanhydride nanoparticles are shown to induce potent in vitro upregulation of costimulatory molecules on the cell surface of BMDCs. In contrast to the classically used TLR agonists, nanoparticles did not induce large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, did not induce characteristic metabolic response of DCs, nor produce innate antimicrobial effector molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO). The polyanhydride nanovaccine results in protective CD8+ T cell responses as measured by inhibition of tumor progression and survival. Discussion Together, these results suggest that the use of a polyanhydride-based nanovaccine can be an effective approach to inducing antigen-specific CD8+ T cell memory by providing antigen delivery and DC activation while avoiding overt inflammatory responses typically associated with traditional adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Darling
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - John Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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43
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Sun SY. Searching for the real function of mTOR signaling in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100847. [PMID: 32854033 PMCID: PMC7451686 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), via forming two important complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2), plays an important role in the regulation of immunity in addition to exerting many other biological funcions. Beyond its regulatory effects on immune cells, the mTOR axis also regulates the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells; accordingly, inhibition of mTOR alters PD-L1 levels in different cancer cell types. However, the currently published studies on mTOR inhibition-induced PD-L1 alteration have generated conflicting results. This review will focus on summarizing current findings in this regard and discussing possible reasons for the discrepancies and their potential implications for PD-L1 modulation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University of School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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Liu Y, Feng M, Chen H, Yang G, Qiu J, Zhao F, Cao Z, Luo W, Xiao J, You L, Zheng L, Zhang T. Mechanistic target of rapamycin in the tumor microenvironment and its potential as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 485:1-13. [PMID: 32428662 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis; however, few treatment options are available and the search continues for feasible molecular therapeutic targets, both in the tumor itself and in the tumor microenvironment. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive target due to its regulatory role in multiple cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, survival, and differentiation, under physiological and pathological conditions. Although mTOR-regulated events in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment are known to restrict the development and growth of tumor cells, monotherapy with mTOR inhibitors has shown limited efficacy against PC to date, suggesting the need for alternative approaches. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which mTOR modulates the PC microenvironment and suggest ways its function in immune cells might be exploited for the treatment of PC. We also discuss preclinical and clinical studies with mTOR inhibitors in combination with other therapeutic strategies, most notably immunotherapy. Finally, we highlight the promise that mTOR combinatorial therapy may hold for the treatment of PC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China; Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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45
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Shao S, Cui D, Ma C, Chen P, Zhou B, Tao R, Wang J. Transcriptome profiling of tolerogenic dendritic cells conditioned with dual mTOR kinase inhibitor, AZD8055. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106241. [PMID: 32058927 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate and regulate adaptive immunity depending on their maturation status. Many pharmacological and genetic means have been used in the generation of immature/tolerogenic DCs. However, the key factors controlling DCs tolerogenicity remain obscure. In this work, we demonstrated that AZD8055, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), could also lead to a tolerogenic DC phenotype from several lines of evidence, such as suppression of T cell proliferation, promoting the generation of Tregs, and inducing allogeneic T cell apoptosis. Further studies using RNA-seq method identified 430, 1172 and 1436 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AZD-DCs vs. Control-DCs, LPS-DCs vs. Control-DCs, and AZD-DCs vs. LPS-DCs, respectively. The 5 most differentially expressed transcripts identified by RNA-seq expression profiles were validated by quantitative RT-PCR assays. NF-κB, p38MAPK, the ribosome and PPAR signaling pathways may be involved in the induction of tolerogenic DCs by AZD8055. Functional annotation showed some genes like MGL2, Cadherin-1, 4-1BB, RhoB and Pdpn, were quite different between AZD-DCs and Control-DCs/LPS-DCs, which might be related to the tolerogenic properties of AZD-DCs. Our work provided the potential underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of tolerogenic DCs. Further functional characterization of individual target gene in DC tolerogenicity will help to develop novel therapeutic modalities in circumstances like transplant tolerance induction and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Chunan 1st People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Cui
- Center for Clinical Medical Research, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Ma
- Center for Clinical Medical Research, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Clinical Medical Research, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing 2nd People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Center for Clinical Medical Research, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Center for Clinical Medical Research, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chunan 1st People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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47
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Quinn KM, Palchaudhuri R, Palmer CS, La Gruta NL. The clock is ticking: the impact of ageing on T cell metabolism. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e01091. [PMID: 31832191 PMCID: PMC6859487 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that access to specific metabolic programmes controls the survival and function of various immune cell populations, including T cells. Efficient naïve and memory T cell homoeostasis requires the use of specific metabolic pathways and differentiation requires rapid and dramatic metabolic remodelling. While we are beginning to appreciate the crucial role of metabolic programming during normal T cell physiology, many of the potential impacts of ageing on metabolic homoeostasis and remodelling in T cells remain unexplored. This review will outline our current understanding of T cell metabolism and explore age‐related metabolic changes that are postulated or have been demonstrated to impact T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora VIC Australia.,Department of Biochemistry Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Riya Palchaudhuri
- Life Sciences Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Clovis S Palmer
- Life Sciences Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Department of Biochemistry Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Howden AJM, Hukelmann JL, Brenes A, Spinelli L, Sinclair LV, Lamond AI, Cantrell DA. Quantitative analysis of T cell proteomes and environmental sensors during T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1542-1554. [PMID: 31591570 PMCID: PMC6859072 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative mass spectrometry reveals how CD4+ and CD8+ T cells restructure proteomes in response to antigen and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Analysis of copy numbers per cell of >9,000 proteins provides new understanding of T cell phenotypes, exposing the metabolic and protein synthesis machinery and environmental sensors that shape T cell fate. We reveal that lymphocyte environment sensing is controlled by immune activation, and that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differ in their intrinsic nutrient transport and biosynthetic capacity. Our data also reveal shared and divergent outcomes of mTORC1 inhibition in naïve versus effector T cells: mTORC1 inhibition impaired cell cycle progression in activated naïve cells, but not effector cells, whereas metabolism was consistently impacted in both populations. This study provides a comprehensive map of naïve and effector T cell proteomes, and a resource for exploring and understanding T cell phenotypes and cell context effects of mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens L Hukelmann
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alejandro Brenes
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Laura Spinelli
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Linda V Sinclair
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Mastelic-Gavillet B, Navarro Rodrigo B, Décombaz L, Wang H, Ercolano G, Ahmed R, Lozano LE, Ianaro A, Derré L, Valerio M, Tawadros T, Jichlinski P, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Speiser DE, Verdeil G, Gestermann N, Dormond O, Kandalaft L, Coukos G, Jandus C, Ménétrier-Caux C, Caux C, Ho PC, Romero P, Harari A, Vigano S. Adenosine mediates functional and metabolic suppression of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:257. [PMID: 31601268 PMCID: PMC6788118 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several mechanisms are present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to impair cytotoxic T cell responses potentially able to control tumor growth. Among these, the accumulation of adenosine (Ado) contributes to tumor progression and represents a promising immunotherapeutic target. Ado has been shown to impair T cell effector function, but the role and mechanisms employed by Ado/Ado receptors (AdoRs) in modulating human peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) function are still puzzling. Methods CD8+ T cell cytokine production following stimulation was quantified by intracellular staining and flow cytometry. The cytotoxic capacity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was quantified by the chromium release assay following co-culture with autologous or anti-CD3-loaded tumor cell lines. The CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness was evaluated by the seahorse assay and by the quantification of 2-NBDG uptake and CD71/CD98 upregulation upon stimulation. The expression of AdoRs was assessed by RNA flow cytometry, a recently developed technology that we validated by semiquantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), while the impact on T cell function was evaluated by the use of selective antagonists and agonists. The influence of Ado/AdoR on the PKA and mTOR pathways was evaluated by phosphoflow staining of p-CREB and p-S6, respectively, and validated by western blot. Results Here, we demonstrate that Ado signaling through the A2A receptor (A2AR) in human peripheral CD8+ T cells and TILs is responsible for the higher sensitivity to Ado-mediated suppression of T central memory cells. We confirmed that Ado is able to impair peripheral and tumor-expanded T cell effector functions, and we show for the first time its impact on metabolic fitness. The Ado-mediated immunosuppressive effects are mediated by increased PKA activation that results in impairment of the mTORC1 pathway. Conclusions Our findings unveil A2AR/PKA/mTORC1 as the main Ado signaling pathway impairing the immune competence of peripheral T cells and TILs. Thus, p-CREB and p-S6 may represent useful pharmacodynamic and efficacy biomarkers of immunotherapies targeting Ado. The effect of Ado on T cell metabolic fitness reinforces the importance of the adenosinergic pathway as a target for next-generation immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0719-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Décombaz
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Valerio
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tawadros
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lana Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Selena Vigano
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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50
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Klarquist J, Chitrakar A, Pennock ND, Kilgore AM, Blain T, Zheng C, Danhorn T, Walton K, Jiang L, Sun J, Hunter CA, D'Alessandro A, Kedl RM. Clonal expansion of vaccine-elicited T cells is independent of aerobic glycolysis. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/27/eaas9822. [PMID: 30194241 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aas9822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to responses against infectious challenge, T cell responses induced via adjuvanted subunit vaccination are dependent on interleukin-27 (IL-27). We show that subunit vaccine-elicited cellular responses are also dependent on IL-15, again in contrast to the infectious response. Early expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) was compromised in either IL-27- or IL-15-deficient environments after vaccination but not infection. Because IRF4 facilitates metabolic support of proliferating cells via aerobic glycolysis, we expected this form of metabolic activity to be reduced in the absence of IL-27 or IL-15 signaling after vaccination. Instead, metabolic flux analysis indicated that vaccine-elicited T cells used only mitochondrial function to support their clonal expansion. Loss of IL-27 or IL-15 signaling during vaccination resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial function, with no corresponding increase in aerobic glycolysis. Consistent with these observations, the T cell response to vaccination was unaffected by in vivo treatment with the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose, whereas the response to viral challenge was markedly lowered. Collectively, our data identify IL-27 and IL-15 as critical to vaccine-elicited T cell responses because of their capacity to fuel clonal expansion through a mitochondrial metabolic program previously thought only capable of supporting quiescent naïve and memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Klarquist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alisha Chitrakar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nathan D Pennock
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Augustus M Kilgore
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor Blain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Connie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kendra Walton
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA.
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