1
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Renoirt M, Angelier F, Cheron M, Brischoux F. What are the contributions of maternal and paternal traits to fecundity and offspring development? A case study in an amphibian species, the spined toad Bufo spinosus. Curr Zool 2023; 69:527-534. [PMID: 37637310 PMCID: PMC10449425 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the determinants of reproductive success is critical but often complicated because of complex interactions between parental traits and environmental conditions occurring during several stages of a reproductive event. Here, we used a simplified ecological situation-an amphibian species lacking post-oviposition parental care-and a laboratory approach to investigate the relationships between parental (both maternal and paternal) phenotypes (body size and condition) and reproductive success (fecundity, egg size, embryonic and larval duration, larval and metamorphic morphology). We found significant effects of maternal phenotype on fecundity, hatching success, and tadpole size, as well as on the duration of larval development. Interestingly, and more surprisingly, we also found a potential contribution of the paternal phenotype occurring during early (embryonic development duration) offspring development. Although our study focused on life-history traits such as body size and development duration, additional mechanisms involving physiological costs of development may well mediate the relationships between parental phenotypes and offspring development. Future studies are required to decipher the mechanisms underlying our findings in order to clarify the mechanistic basis of the links between parental phenotypes and offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Renoirt
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Marion Cheron
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
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2
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Ruthsatz K, Bartels F, Stützer D, Eterovick PC. Timing of parental breeding shapes sensitivity to nitrate pollution in the common frog Rana temporaria. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Plesnar‐Bielak A, Łukasiewicz A. Sexual conflict in a changing environment. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1854-1867. [PMID: 33960630 PMCID: PMC8518779 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sexual conflict has extremely important consequences for various evolutionary processes including its effect on local adaptation and extinction probability during environmental change. The awareness that the intensity and dynamics of sexual conflict is highly dependent on the ecological setting of a population has grown in recent years, but much work is yet to be done. Here, we review progress in our understanding of the ecology of sexual conflict and how the environmental sensitivity of such conflict feeds back into population adaptivity and demography, which, in turn, determine a population's chances of surviving a sudden environmental change. We link two possible forms of sexual conflict - intralocus and interlocus sexual conflict - in an environmental context and identify major gaps in our knowledge. These include sexual conflict responses to fluctuating and oscillating environmental changes and its influence on the interplay between interlocus and intralocus sexual conflict, among others. We also highlight the need to move our investigations into more natural settings and to investigate sexual conflict dynamics in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Plesnar‐Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of BiologyJagiellonian Universityul. Gronostajowa 730‐387KrakówPoland
| | - Aleksandra Łukasiewicz
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandPO Box 11180101JoensuuFinland
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz Universityul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661‐614PoznańPoland
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4
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Proença DN, Fasola E, Lopes I, Morais PV. Characterization of the Skin Cultivable Microbiota Composition of the Frog Pelophylax perezi Inhabiting Different Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052585. [PMID: 33807539 PMCID: PMC7967507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that live in association with amphibian skin can play important roles in protecting their host. Within the scenarios of global change, it is important to understand how environmental disturbances, namely, metal pollution, can affect this microbiota. The aim of this study is to recognize core bacteria in the skin cultivable microbiota of the Perez frog (Pelophylax perezi) that are preserved regardless of the environmental conditions in which the frogs live. The characterization of these isolates revealed characteristics that can support their contributions to the ability of frogs to use metal impacted environments. Frog’s skin swabs were collected from P. perezi populations that inhabit a metal-polluted site and three reference (non-metal polluted) sites. Bacterial strains were isolated, identified, and subjected to an acid mine drainage tolerance (AMD) test, collected upstream from a site heavily contaminated with metals, and tested to produce extracellular polymeric substances (exopolysaccharide, EPS). All frog populations had Acinetobacter in their cutaneous cultivable microbiota. Significant growth inhibition was observed in all bacterial isolates exposed to 75% of AMD. EPS production was considered a characteristic of several isolates. The data obtained is a preliminary step but crucial to sustain that the cultivable microbiota is a mechanism for protecting frogs against environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Neves Proença
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Emanuele Fasola
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-005 Aveiro, Portugal; (E.F.); (I.L.)
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-005 Aveiro, Portugal; (E.F.); (I.L.)
| | - Paula V. Morais
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-1239240700
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5
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Thompson KA, Urquhart-Cronish M, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH, Schluter D. Patterns, Predictors, and Consequences of Dominance in Hybrids. Am Nat 2021; 197:E72-E88. [PMID: 33625966 DOI: 10.1086/712603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCompared to those of their parents, are the traits of first-generation (F1) hybrids typically intermediate, biased toward one parent, or mismatched for alternative parental phenotypes? To address this empirical gap, we compiled data from 233 crosses in which traits were measured in a common environment for two parent taxa and their F1 hybrids. We find that individual traits in F1s are halfway between the parental midpoint and one parental value. Considering pairs of traits together, a hybrid's bivariate phenotype tends to resemble one parent (parent bias) about 50% more than the other, while also exhibiting a similar magnitude of mismatch due to different traits having dominance in conflicting directions. Using data from an experimental field planting of recombinant hybrid sunflowers, we illustrate that parent bias improves fitness, whereas mismatch reduces fitness. Our study has three major conclusions. First, hybrids are not phenotypically intermediate but rather exhibit substantial mismatch. Second, dominance is likely determined by the idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories of individual traits and populations. Finally, selection against hybrids likely results from selection against both intermediate and mismatched phenotypes.
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6
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Drees C, Becker LI, Hartmann L, Reese J, Reinhardt S, Robinson T, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Altered thyroid hormone levels affect the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102599. [PMID: 32479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anuran larvae show phenotypic plasticity in age and size at metamorphosis as a response to temperature variation. The capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity is determined by the thermal adaptation of a population. Multiple factors such as physiological responses to changing environmental conditions, however, might influence this capacity as well. In anuran larvae, thyroid hormone (TH) levels control growth and developmental rate and changes in TH status are a well-known stress response to sub-optimal environmental conditions. We investigated how chemically altered TH levels affect the capacity to exhibit temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the common frog (Rana temporaria). In both species, TH level influenced growth and developmental rate and modified the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity. High TH levels reduced thermal sensitivity of metamorphic traits up to 57% (R. temporaria) and 36% (X. laevis). Rates of growth and development were more plastic in response to temperature in X. laevis (+30%) than in R. temporaria (+6%). Plasticity in rates of growth and development is beneficial to larvae in heterogeneous habitats as it allows a more rapid transition into the juvenile stage where rates of mortality are lower. Therefore, environmental stressors that increase endogenous TH levels and reduce temperature-dependent plasticity may increase risks and the vulnerability of anuran larvae. As TH status also influences metabolism, future studies should investigate whether reductions in physiological plasticity also increases the vulnerability of tadpoles to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laura I Becker
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janica Reese
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Reinhardt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Robinson
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Geographic variation in maternal investment and trade-offs between egg size and clutch size in an endemic toad of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6838. [PMID: 32321935 PMCID: PMC7176715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory predicts that animals often produce fewer offspring of larger size and indicate a stronger trade-off between the number and size of offspring to cope with increasing environmental stress. In order to evaluate this prediction, we tested the life history characteristics of Bufo minshanicus at eight different altitudes on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Our results revealed a positive correlation between female SVL and clutch size or egg size, revealing that larger females produce more and larger eggs. However, high-altitude toads seem to favor more offspring and smaller egg sizes when removing the effect of female SVL, which is counter to theoretical predictions. In addition, there was an overall significantly negative relationship between egg size and clutch size, indicative of a trade-off between egg size and fecundity. Therefore, we suggest that higher fecundity, rather than larger egg size, is a more effective reproductive strategy for this species of anuran living at high-altitude environments.
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8
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Gangenova E, Giombini MI, Zurita GA, Marangoni F. Morphological responses of three persistent native anuran species after forest conversion into monoculture pine plantations: tolerance or prosperity? Integr Zool 2020; 15:428-440. [PMID: 32297462 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species loss by habitat replacement operating as an ecological filter is a well-known consequence of modern human activities. In contrast, the ecological and evolutionary response of species overcoming those filters in converted habitats has not been thoroughly explored. Species that persist are subject to novel and potentially stressful conditions that may induce certain morphological changes. We evaluated changes in the functional morphology of three anuran species persisting after the conversion of areas of the Atlantic Forest into pine plantations. We specifically evaluated differences in body size and body condition indices, head width, and hind legs' length between adult individuals from both habitats and sexes. Habitat conversion and sexual dimorphism affected the morphology of the three anurans, with varying effects upon species and traits. Regarding the effect of habitat conversion, Elachistocleis bicolor increased body condition in plantations with no changes in the other traits, Physalaemus cuvieri showed only a marginal increment in residual body mass in plantations, and Odontophrynus americanus exhibited a substantial increment in body size while maintaining its body condition in plantations. Remarkably, none of the results suggested these persistent anurans were stressed by forest conversion. This study shows that habitat conversion may induce intraspecific morphological changes in ecologically relevant traits of persistent species, and that disturbed areas do not necessarily imply stressful, low quality habitats affecting all persistent native species negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gangenova
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones-CONICET, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariano I Giombini
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones-CONICET, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Zurita
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones-CONICET, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Federico Marangoni
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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9
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Dittrich C, Huster J, Rödel M, Feldhaar H. Matriline effects on metamorphic traits in a natural system in the European common frog ( Rana temporaria). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3075-3088. [PMID: 30962882 PMCID: PMC6434577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful reproduction is an important determinant of the fitness of an individual and of the dynamics of populations. Offspring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) exhibit a high degree of variability in metamorphic traits. However, environmental factors alone cannot explain this phenotypic variability, and the influence of genetic factors remains to be determined. Here, we tested whether the maternal genotype influences developmental time, body size, and body condition of offspring in a forest pond in Germany. We collected fertilized eggs from all 57 clutches deposited in the pond. We used multilocus genotypes based on seven microsatellite loci to assign metamorphosed offspring to mothers and to determine the number of fathers for a single matriline. We tested the influence of genetic effects in the same environment by comparing variability of metamorphic traits within and between full-sib offspring grouped to matrilines and tested whether multiple paternity increases the variability of metamorphic traits in a single matriline. The variability in size and body condition was higher within matrilines than between them, which indicates that these traits are more strongly influenced by environmental effects, which are counteracting underlying genetic effects. The developmental time varied considerably between matrilines and variability increased with the effective number of fathers, suggesting an additive genetic effect of multiple paternity. Our results show that metamorphic traits are shaped by environmental as well as genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dittrich
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity ScienceBerlinGermany
| | - Juliane Huster
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Mark‐Oliver Rödel
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity ScienceBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
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10
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Luquet E, Rödin Mörch P, Cortázar‐Chinarro M, Meyer‐Lucht Y, Höglund J, Laurila A. Post‐glacial colonization routes coincide with a life‐history breakpoint along a latitudinal gradient. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:356-368. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Luquet
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA Villeurbanne France
| | - Patrik Rödin Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Cortázar‐Chinarro
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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11
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Flynn RW, Love CN, Coleman A, Lance SL. Variation in metal tolerance associated with population exposure history in Southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:163-169. [PMID: 30572176 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have radically shaped the global landscape, affecting the structure and function of ecosystems. Habitat loss is one of the most visible changes to the landscape and a primary driver of species declines; however, anthropogenic environmental contamination also threatens population persistence, but is not as readily observed. Aquatic organisms are especially susceptible to chemical perturbations, which can negatively impact survival and fitness related traits. Some populations have evolved tolerance to chemical stressors, which could mitigate the consequences associated with contamination. Amphibians are experiencing global declines due to multiple stressors and are particularly at risk to aquatic chemical stressors due to their permeable skin and reliance on wetlands for reproduction and larval development. However, amphibians also have substantial plasticity in response to environmental variation. We designed our study to examine whether tolerance to heavy metals is greater in Southern toad (Anaxyrus terrestris) larvae from wetlands with a history of contamination. Considering many of the most common trace elements elicit acute toxicity by disrupting osmotic- and ionic-regulation, we hypothesized that alterations to these aspects of physiology resulting from multigenerational exposure to trace element mixtures would be the most likely routes by which tolerance would evolve. We used copper (Cu) as a proxy for heavy metal exposure because it is a widely distributed aquatic stressor known to cause osmotic stress that can also cause mortality at levels commonly encountered in the environment. We found considerable within and among population variation in Cu tolerance, as measured by time to death. Larvae from populations living in sites contaminated with mixtures of heavy metals associated with coal fly ash were no more tolerant to Cu than those from reference sites. However, larvae from a population inhabiting a constructed wetland complex with high Cu levels were significantly more tolerant; having half the risk of mortality as reference animals. This wetland complex was created < 20 years ago, thus if elevated Cu tolerance in this population is due to selection in the aquatic habitat, such adaptation may occur rapidly (i.e. ∼10 generation). Our results provide evidence that amphibians may be able to evolve tolerance in response to trace element contamination, though such tolerance may be specific to the combination of contaminants present.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wesley Flynn
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States.
| | - Cara N Love
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
| | - Austin Coleman
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
| | - Stacey L Lance
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
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12
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Palomar G, Vasemägi A, Ahmad F, Nicieza AG, Cano JM. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for life history traits segregating within common frog populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:800-808. [PMID: 30631147 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of complex traits is often shaped by adaptive divergence. However, very little is known about the number, effect size, and location of the genomic regions influencing the variation of these traits in natural populations. Based on a dense linkage map of the common frog, Rana temporaria, we have localized, for the first time in amphibians, three significant and nine suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for metabolic rate, growth rate, development time, and weight at metamorphosis, explaining 5.6-18.9% of the overall phenotypic variation in each trait. We also found a potential pleiotropic QTL between development time and size at metamorphosis that, if confirmed, might underlie the previously reported genetic correlation between these traits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the genetic variation linked to fitness-related larval traits segregates within Rana temporaria populations. This study provides the first insight into the genomic regions that affect larval life history traits in anurans, providing a valuable resource to delve further into the genomic basis of evolutionary change in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Palomar
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), 33600, Mieres, Asturias, Spain. .,Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. .,Molecular and Behavioral Ecology Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anti Vasemägi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 17893, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Freed Ahmad
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Alfredo G Nicieza
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), 33600, Mieres, Asturias, Spain.,Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cano
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), 33600, Mieres, Asturias, Spain.,Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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13
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Lindgren B, Orizaola G, Laurila A. Interacting effects of predation risk and resource level on escape speed of amphibian larvae along a latitudinal gradient. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1216-1226. [PMID: 29802672 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fast-growing genotypes living in time-constrained environments are often more prone to predation, suggesting that growth-predation risk trade-offs are important factors maintaining variation in growth along climatic gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying how fast growth increases predation-mediated mortality are not well understood. Here, we investigated if slow-growing, low-latitude individuals have faster escape swimming speed than fast-growing high-latitude individuals using common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles from eight populations collected along a 1500 km latitudinal gradient. We measured escape speed in terms of burst and endurance speeds in tadpoles raised in the laboratory at two food levels and in the presence and absence of a predator (Aeshna dragonfly larvae). We did not find any latitudinal trend in escape speed performance. In low food treatments, burst speed was higher in tadpoles reared with predators but did not differ between high-food treatments. Endurance speed, on the contrary, was lower in high-food tadpoles reared with predators and did not differ between treatments at low food levels. Tadpoles reared with predators showed inducible morphology (increased relative body size and tail depth), which had positive effects on speed endurance at low but not at high food levels. Burst speed was positively affected by tail length and tail muscle size in the absence of predators. Our results suggest that escape speed does not trade-off with fast growth along the latitudinal gradient in R. temporaria tadpoles. Instead, escape speed is a plastic trait and strongly influenced by the interaction between resource level and predation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lindgren
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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O'Neill EM, Beard KH, Fox CW. Body Size and Life History Traits in Native and Introduced Populations of Coqui Frogs. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-17-642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Yu TL, Xu Y, Busam M, Deng YH. Maternal investment decreases under stressful environments in 11 plateau brown frog (Rana kukunoris) populations. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1336117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lei Yu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, China
| | - Michael Busam
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yao Hui Deng
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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16
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Pastenes L, Valdivieso C, Di Genova A, Travisany D, Hart A, Montecino M, Orellana A, Gonzalez M, Gutiérrez RA, Allende ML, Maass A, Méndez MA. Global gene expression analysis provides insight into local adaptation to geothermal streams in tadpoles of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1966. [PMID: 28512324 PMCID: PMC5434060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anuran Rhinella spinulosa is distributed along the Andes Range at altitudes that undergo wide daily and seasonal variation in temperature. One of the populations inhabits geothermal streams, a stable environment that influences life history traits such as the timing of metamorphosis. To investigate whether this population has undergone local adaptation to this unique habitat, we carried out transcriptome analyses in animals from two localities in two developmental stages (prometamorphic and metamorphic) and exposed them to two temperatures (20 and 25 °C). RNA-Seq, de novo assembly and annotation defined a transcriptome revealing 194,469 high quality SNPs, with 1,507 genes under positive selection. Comparisons among the experimental conditions yielded 1,593 differentially expressed genes. A bioinformatics search for candidates revealed a total of 70 genes that are highly likely to be implicated in the adaptive response of the population living in a stable environment, compared to those living in an environment with variable temperatures. Most importantly, the population inhabiting the geothermal environment showed decreased transcriptional plasticity and reduced genetic variation compared to its counterpart from the non-stable environment. This analysis will help to advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that account for the local adaptation to geothermal streams in anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pastenes
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile
| | - Camilo Valdivieso
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Di Genova
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante Travisany
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Hart
- Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Montecino
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Gonzalez
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Maass
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A Méndez
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile. .,Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. .,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Székely D, Denoël M, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D. Pond drying cues and their effects on growth and metamorphosis in a fast developing amphibian. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Székely
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; Ovidius University Constanța; Constanța Romania
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology; Behavioural Biology Unit; Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS); University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Loja Ecuador
| | - M. Denoël
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology; Behavioural Biology Unit; Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS); University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - P. Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Loja Ecuador
- Asociación Chelonia; Bucureşti Romania
| | - D. Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; Ovidius University Constanța; Constanța Romania
- Asociación Chelonia; Bucureşti Romania
- CITIAB; Ciudadela Universitaria La Argelia; Universidad Nacional de Loja; Loja Ecuador
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18
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Orizaola G, Laurila A. Developmental plasticity increases at the northern range margin in a warm-dependent amphibian. Evol Appl 2016; 9:471-8. [PMID: 26989438 PMCID: PMC4778106 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate predictions regarding how climate change affects species and populations are crucial for the development of effective conservation measures. However, models forecasting the impact of climate change on natural environments do not often consider the geographic variation of an organism's life history. We examined variation in developmental plasticity to changing temperature in the pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) across its distribution by studying populations from central areas (Poland), edge populations (Latvia) and northern marginal populations (Sweden). Relative to central and edge populations, northern populations experience lower and less variable temperature and fewer episodes of warm weather during larval development. Plasticity in larval life-history traits was highest at the northern range margin: larvae from marginal populations shortened larval period and increased growth rate more than larvae from central and edge populations when reared at high temperature. Maintaining high growth and development under the scarce spells of warm weather is likely adaptive for high-latitude populations. The detection of high levels of developmental plasticity in isolated, marginal populations suggests that they may be better able to respond to the temperature regimes expected under climate change than often predicted, reflecting the need to incorporate geographic variation in life-history traits into models forecasting responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Orizaola
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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19
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Steinicke H, Gruber B, Grimm A, Grosse WR, Henle K. Morphological shifts in populations of generalist and specialist amphibians in response to fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. NATURE CONSERVATION 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.13.7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Beckers OM, Anderson W, Moczek AP. A combination of developmental plasticity, parental effects, and genetic differentiation mediates divergences in life history traits between dung beetle populations. Evol Dev 2015; 17:148-59. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M. Beckers
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 915 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405-7107 USA
| | - Wendy Anderson
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 915 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405-7107 USA
| | - Armin P. Moczek
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 915 East Third Street Bloomington IN 47405-7107 USA
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21
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Behavioural consistency and life history of Rana dalmatina tadpoles. Oecologia 2015; 178:129-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Van Leeuwen TE, McLennan D, McKelvey S, Stewart DC, Adams CE, Metcalfe NB. The association between parental life history and offspring phenotype. J Exp Biol 2015; 219:374-82. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In many taxa there is considerable intraspecific variation in life-history strategies from within a single population, reflecting alternative routes through which organisms can achieve successful reproduction. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus) show some of the greatest within-population variability in life history strategies amongst vertebrates, with multiple discrete male and female life histories co-existing and interbreeding on many spawning grounds, although the effect of the various combinations of life histories on offspring traits remains unknown. Using crosses of wild fish we show here that the life history strategy of both parents was significantly associated with a range of offspring traits. Mothers that had spent longer at sea (two versus one year) produced offspring which were heavier, longer and in better condition at the time of first feeding. However, these relationships disappeared shortly after fry had begun feeding exogenously. At this stage, the juvenile rearing environment (i.e. time spent in fresh water as juveniles) of the mother was a better predictor of offspring traits, with mothers that were faster to develop in fresh water (migrating to sea after two rather than three years of age) producing offspring that had higher maximal metabolic rates, aerobic scopes, and that grew faster. Faster developing fathers (1 year old sneaker males) tended to produce offspring that had higher maximal metabolic rates, were in better body condition and grew faster. The results suggest that both genetic effects and those related to parental early and late life history contribute to offspring traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Van Leeuwen
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, IBAHCM, Rowardennan, Loch Lomond, Glasgow G63 0AW, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Darryl McLennan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon McKelvey
- Cromarty Firth Fishery Board, CKD Galbraith, Reay House, 17 Old Edinburgh Rd, Inverness IV2 3HF, UK
| | - David C. Stewart
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Pitlochry, Perthshire, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - Colin E. Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, IBAHCM, Rowardennan, Loch Lomond, Glasgow G63 0AW, UK
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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23
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Bennett AM, Murray DL. Maternal body condition influences magnitude of anti-predator response in offspring. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20141806. [PMID: 25253460 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms exhibit plasticity in response to their environment, but there is large variation even within populations in the expression and magnitude of response. Maternal influence alters offspring survival through size advantages in growth and development. However, the relationship between maternal influence and variation in plasticity in response to predation risk is unknown. We hypothesized that variation in the magnitude of plastic responses between families is at least partly due to maternal provisioning and examined the relationship between maternal condition, egg provisioning and magnitude of plastic response to perceived predation risk (by dragonfly larvae: Aeshna spp.) in northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Females in better body condition tended to lay more (clutch size) larger (egg diameter) eggs. Tadpoles responded to predation risk by increasing relative tail depth (morphology) and decreasing activity (behaviour). We found a positive relationship between morphological effect size and maternal condition, but no relationship between behavioural effect size and maternal condition. These novel findings suggest that limitations imposed by maternal condition can constrain phenotypic variation, ultimately influencing the capacity of populations to respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Bennett
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9L 7B8
| | - Dennis L Murray
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9L 7B8
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24
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Phenotypic divergence of the common toad (Bufo bufo) along an altitudinal gradient: evidence for local adaptation. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 114:69-79. [PMID: 25074572 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the environment can induce different patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation among populations. Both neutral processes and selection can influence phenotypic differentiation. Altitudinal phenotypic variation is of particular interest in disentangling the interplay between neutral processes and selection in the dynamics of local adaptation processes but remains little explored. We conducted a common garden experiment to study the phenotypic divergence in larval life-history traits among nine populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo) along an altitudinal gradient in France. We further used correlation among population pairwise estimates of quantitative trait (QST) and neutral genetic divergence (FST from neutral microsatellite markers), as well as altitudinal difference, to estimate the relative role of divergent selection and neutral genetic processes in phenotypic divergence. We provided evidence for a neutral genetic differentiation resulting from both isolation by distance and difference in altitude. We found evidence for phenotypic divergence along the altitudinal gradient (faster development, lower growth rate and smaller metamorphic size). The correlation between pairwise QSTs-FSTs and altitude differences suggested that this phenotypic differentiation was most likely driven by altitude-mediated selection rather than by neutral genetic processes. Moreover, we found different divergence patterns for larval traits, suggesting that different selective agents may act on these traits and/or selection on one trait may constrain the evolution on another through genetic correlation. Our study highlighted the need to design more integrative studies on the common toad to unravel the underlying processes of phenotypic divergence and its selective agents in the context of environmental clines.
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25
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Muir AP, Biek R, Thomas R, Mable BK. Local adaptation with high gene flow: temperature parameters drive adaptation to altitude in the common frog (Rana temporaria). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:561-74. [PMID: 24330274 PMCID: PMC4285318 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both environmental and genetic influences can result in phenotypic variation. Quantifying the relative contributions of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to phenotypes is key to understanding the effect of environmental variation on populations. Identifying the selective pressures that drive divergence is an important, but often lacking, next step. High gene flow between high- and low-altitude common frog (Rana temporaria) breeding sites has previously been demonstrated in Scotland. The aim of this study was to assess whether local adaptation occurs in the face of high gene flow and to identify potential environmental selection pressures that drive adaptation. Phenotypic variation in larval traits was quantified in R. temporaria from paired high- and low-altitude sites using three common temperature treatments. Local adaptation was assessed using Q(ST)-F(ST) analyses, and quantitative phenotypic divergence was related to environmental parameters using Mantel tests. Although evidence of local adaptation was found for all traits measured, only variation in larval period and growth rate was consistent with adaptation to altitude. Moreover, this was only evident in the three mountains with the highest high-altitude sites. This variation was correlated with mean summer and winter temperatures, suggesting that temperature parameters are potentially strong selective pressures maintaining local adaptation, despite high gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Muir
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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26
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Chen W, Tang ZH, Fan XG, Wang Y, Pike DA. Maternal investment increases with altitude in a frog on the Tibetan Plateau. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2710-5. [PMID: 24200096 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reproducing females can allocate energy between the production of eggs or offspring of different size or number, both of which can strongly influence fitness. The physical capacity to store developing offspring imposes constraints on maximum clutch volume, but individual females and populations can trade off whether more or fewer eggs or offspring are produced, and their relative sizes. Harsh environments are likely to select for larger egg or offspring size, and many vertebrate populations compensate for this reproductive investment through an increase in female body size. We report a different trade-off in a frog endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, Rana kukunoris. Females living at higher altitudes (n = 11 populations, 2000-3500 m) produce larger eggs, but without a concomitant increase in female body size or clutch size. The reduced diel and seasonal activity at high altitudes may impose constraints on the maximum body size of adult frogs, by limiting the opportunity for energy accumulation. Simultaneously, producing larger eggs likely helps to increase the rate of embryonic development, causing tadpoles to hatch earlier. The gelatinous matrix surrounding eggs, more of which is produced by large females, may help buffer developing embryos from temperature fluctuations or offer protection from ultraviolet radiation. High-altitude frogs on the Tibetan Plateau employ a reproductive strategy that favours large egg size independent of body size, which is unusual in amphibians. The harsh and unpredictable environmental conditions at high altitudes can thus impose strong and opposing selection pressures on adult and embryonic life stages, both of which can simultaneously influence fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
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27
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Brady SP. Microgeographic maladaptive performance and deme depression in response to roads and runoff. PeerJ 2013; 1:e163. [PMID: 24109548 PMCID: PMC3792186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite theoretical understanding and empirical detection of local adaptation in natural environments, our knowledge of such divergence in fragmented habitats remains limited, especially in the context of microgeographic spatial scales and contemporary time scales. I used a combination of reciprocal transplant and common garden exposure experiments to evaluate potential microgeographic divergence in a pool-breeding amphibian occupying a landscape fragmented by roads. As indicated by reduced rates of survival and increased rates of malformation, I found evidence for maladaptation in road adjacent populations. This response is in direct counterpoint to recently described local adaption by a cohabiting species of amphibian. These results suggest that while divergence might commonly follow habitat modification, the direction of its outcome cannot be generalized even in identical habitats. Further, maladaptive responses can be associated with a more generalized depression effect that transcends the local environment. Alongside recent reports, these results suggest that maladaptive responses may be an emerging consequence of human-induced environmental change. Thus future studies should carefully consider the population unit as a key level for inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Brady
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA
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28
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Herczeg G, Ab Ghani NI, Merilä J. Evolution of stickleback feeding behaviour: genetics of population divergence at different ontogenetic stages. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:955-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Herczeg
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
| | - N. I. Ab Ghani
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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29
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Allaman I, Freitas R, Viveiros A, Nascimento A, Oliveira G, Reis Neto R. Efeito materno e paterno sobre as taxas de fertilização e eclosão em curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliou-se o quanto fêmeas e machos contribuem para a variação total das taxas de fertilização e de eclosão em curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). Utilizou-se sêmen criopreservado proveniente de cinco machos para fertilizar ovócitos de seis fêmeas em um esquema fatorial cruzado 5x6, totalizando 30 famílias. Além das características reprodutivas dos machos e fêmeas, foram avaliadas as taxas de fertilização e eclosão para cômputo dos efeitos materno e paterno. Os componentes da variância foram estimados por meio da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sendo construídos intervalos Highest Posterior Density (HPD) para cada componente. Verificou-se que as fêmeas contribuíram muito mais para a variação total em relação aos machos para as taxas de fertilização e eclosão. Para a taxa de fertilização, as fêmeas contribuíram com 26,3% da variação total e os machos com 8,9%. Em relação à taxa de eclosão, as fêmeas contribuíram com 11,9% e os machos com 1,6%. Concluiu-se que houve efeito materno sobre as taxas de fertilização e eclosão e que o efeito paterno avaliado individualmente foi pouco expressivo ou até mesmo insignificante.
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30
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Edge CB, Thompson DG, Houlahan JE. Differences in the Phenotypic Mean and Variance Between Two Geographically Separated Populations of Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus). Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-012-9208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Smith MJ, Jang Y. Evolution under unpredictable environmental conditions: quantitative genetics of larval life-history traits in a myobatrachid frogCrinia georgiana. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2012.715594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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32
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Ab Ghani NI, Herczeg G, Merilä J. Body size divergence in nine-spined sticklebacks: disentangling additive genetic and maternal effects. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izza Ab Ghani
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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33
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HANGARTNER S, LAURILA A, RÄSÄNEN K. The quantitative genetic basis of adaptive divergence in the moor frog (Rana arvalis) and its implications for gene flow. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1587-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Rogell B, Dannewitz J, Palm S, Petersson E, Dahl J, Prestegaard T, Järvi T, Laurila A. Strong divergence in trait means but not in plasticity across hatchery and wild populations of sea-run brown trout Salmo trutta. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:2963-76. [PMID: 22548410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that organisms adapt to their native environment when gene flow is restricted. However, evolution of plastic responses across discrete environments is less well examined. We studied divergence in means and plasticity across wild and hatchery populations of sea-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a common garden experiment with two rearing environments (hatchery and a nearly natural experimental stream). Since natural and hatchery environments differ, this arrangement provides an experiment in contemporary adaptation across the two environments. A Q(ST) - F(ST) approach was used to investigate local adaptation in survival and growth over the first summer. We found evidence for divergent selection in survival in 1 year and in body length in both years and rearing environments. In general, the hatchery populations had higher survival and larger body size in both environments. Q(ST) in body size did not differ between the rearing environments, and constitutive divergence in the means was in all cases stronger than divergence in the plastic responses. These results suggest that in this system, constitutive changes in mean trait values are more important for local adaptation than increased plasticity. In addition, ex situ rearing conditions induce changes in trait means that are adaptive in the hatchery, but potentially harmful in the wild, suggesting that hatchery rearing is likely to be a suboptimal management strategy for trout populations facing selection in the stream environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rogell
- Department of Population Biology and Conservation Biology Evolutionary Biology Center, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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DAHL E, ORIZAOLA G, WINBERG S, LAURILA A. Geographic variation in corticosterone response to chronic predator stress in tadpoles. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1066-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Brady SP. Road to evolution? Local adaptation to road adjacency in an amphibian (Ambystoma maculatum). Sci Rep 2012; 2:235. [PMID: 22355748 PMCID: PMC3267261 DOI: 10.1038/srep00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The network of roads on the landscape is vast, and contributes a suite of negative ecological effects on adjacent habitats, ranging from fragmentation to contamination by runoff. In addition to the immediate consequences faced by biota living in roaded landscapes, road effects may further function as novel agents of selection, setting the stage for contemporary evolutionary changes in local populations. Though the ecological consequences of roads are well described, evolutionary outcomes remain largely unevaluated. To address these potential responses in tandem, I conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment on early life history stages of a pool-breeding salamander. My data show that despite a strong, negative effect of roadside pools on salamander performance, populations adjacent to roads are locally adapted. This suggests that the response of species to human-altered environments varies across local populations, and that adaptive processes may mediate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Brady
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven , CT, USA.
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Tammaru T, de Vries W, Rannap R, Bibelriether F, Lõhmus A, Briggs L. Northern natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) select breeding habitats that promote rapid development. BEHAVIOUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Todd BD, Willson JD, Bergeron CM, Hopkins WA. Do effects of mercury in larval amphibians persist after metamorphosis? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:87-95. [PMID: 21850489 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread concern about the role of environmental contaminants in global amphibian declines, and evidence that post-metamorphic life stages contribute disproportionately to amphibian population dynamics, most studies in amphibian ecotoxicology focus on larval life stages. Studies that focus solely on early life stages may miss important effects of contaminant exposure, such as latent effects that manifest some time after previous exposure. Moreover, it is often assumed that effects observed in amphibian larvae will persist to affect survival or reproduction later in life. We used terrestrial enclosures to determine whether exposure to mercury (Hg) through maternal transfer and/or larval diet had any adverse effects in post-metamorphic American toads (Bufo americanus). We found a 5% difference in size at metamorphosis that was attributed to maternal Hg exposure persisted for 1 year in the terrestrial environment, resulting in a 7% difference at the conclusion of the study. Although patterns of survival differed among treatments through time, we found no overall difference in survival after 1 year. We also found no evidence of emergent latent effects in the terrestrial toads that could be attributed to earlier exposure. Our results indicate that adverse effects of maternal Hg exposure that were observed in larval amphibians may persist to affect later terrestrial life stages but that no novel adverse effects developed when animals were raised in a semi-natural environment. Moreover, we found no evidence of persistent effects of dietary Hg exposure in larvae, highlighting a need for greater focus on maternal effects in amphibian ecotoxicology. Finally, we suggest an increase in the use of longitudinal studies to better understand contaminant impacts to amphibian populations via effects in both aquatic and terrestrial life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Todd
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Hangartner S, Laurila A, Räsänen K. Adaptive divergence in moor frog (Rana arvalis) populations along an acidification gradient: inferences from Q(st) -F(st) correlations. Evolution 2011; 66:867-881. [PMID: 22380445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microevolutionary responses to spatial variation in the environment seem ubiquitous, but the relative role of selection and neutral processes in driving phenotypic diversification remain often unknown. The moor frog (Rana arvalis) shows strong phenotypic divergence along an acidification gradient in Sweden. We here used correlations among population pairwise estimates of quantitative trait (P(ST) or Q(ST) from common garden estimates of embryonic acid tolerance and larval life-history traits) and neutral genetic divergence (F(ST) from neutral microsatellite markers), as well as environmental differences (pond pH, predator density, and latitude), to test whether this phenotypic divergence is more likely due to divergent selection or neutral processes. We found that trait divergence was more strongly correlated with environmental differences than the neutral marker divergence, suggesting that divergent natural selection has driven phenotypic divergence along the acidification gradient. Moreover, pairwise P(ST) s of embryonic acid tolerance and Q(ST) s of metamorphic size were strongly correlated with breeding pond pH, whereas pairwise Q(ST) s of larval period and growth rate were more strongly correlated with geographic distance/latitude and predator density, respectively. We suggest that incorporating measurements of environmental variation into Q(ST) -F(ST) studies can improve our inferential power about the agents of natural selection in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hangartner
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology and ETH-Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland E-mail: and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology and ETH-Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland E-mail: and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katja Räsänen
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology and ETH-Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland E-mail: and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Lind MI, Johansson F. Testing the role of phenotypic plasticity for local adaptation: growth and development in time-constrained Rana temporaria populations. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2696-704. [PMID: 21954876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can be important for local adaptation, because it enables individuals to survive in a novel environment until genetic changes have been accumulated by genetic accommodation. By analysing the relationship between development rate and growth rate, it can be determined whether plasticity in life-history traits is caused by changed physiology or behaviour. We extended this to examine whether plasticity had been aiding local adaptation, by investigating whether the plastic response had been fixed in locally adapted populations. Tadpoles from island populations of Rana temporaria, locally adapted to different pool-drying regimes, were monitored in a common garden. Individual differences in development rate were caused by different foraging efficiency. However, developmental plasticity was physiologically mediated by trading off growth against development rate. Surprisingly, plasticity has not aided local adaptation to time-stressed environments, because local adaptation was not caused by genetic assimilation but on selection on the standing genetic variation in development time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lind
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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41
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Shama LNS, Campero-Paz M, Wegner KM, DE Block M, Stoks R. Latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape thermal reaction norms for growth rate. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2929-41. [PMID: 21689189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N S Shama
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Orton F, Routledge E. Agricultural intensity in ovo affects growth, metamorphic development and sexual differentiation in the common toad (Bufo bufo). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:901-911. [PMID: 21448622 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pollution was cited by the Global Amphibian Assessment to be the second most important cause of amphibian decline worldwide, however, the effects of the agricultural environment on amphibians are not well understood. In this study, spawn from Bufo bufo was taken from four sites in England and Wales with varying intensities of arable agriculture. Spawn was either placed in tanks containing aged tap water (ex-situ, five replicates) or in cages at the native site (caged, five replicates). Hatching success, abnormal tadpoles, and forelimb emergence were recorded during the larval stage. Individuals were also sampled at five time points (TP) during development (5-, 7-, 9-, 12-, 15-weeks post-hatch) and analysed for morphological parameters. The thyroids (TP2) and the gonads (TP3,4,5) were also analysed histologically. With the exception of the thyroid histopathology, all analysed endpoints were significantly different between ex-situ individuals reared under identical conditions from the different sites. In addition, intensity of arable agriculture had a negative effect on growth and development. At one site, despite distinct rearing conditions, a high level of intersex (up to 42%) and similar sex ratios were observed in both ex-situ and caged individuals. Taken together, these data suggest that maternal exposure and/or events in ovo had a much larger effect on growth, metamorphic development, and sexual differentiation in B. bufo than the ambient environment. This could have important implications for traditional exposure scenarios that typically begin at the larval stage. Intersex is reported for the first time in European amphibians in situ, highlighting the potential use of distinct populations of amphibians in fundamental research into the aetiology of specific developmental effects in wild amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Orton
- Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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Cano JM, Li MH, Laurila A, Vilkki J, Merilä J. First-generation linkage map for the common frog Rana temporaria reveals sex-linkage group. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:530-6. [PMID: 21587305 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The common frog (Rana temporaria) has become a model species in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. However, lack of genomic resources has been limiting utility of this species for detailed evolutionary genetic studies. Using a set of 107 informative microsatellite markers genotyped in a large full-sib family (800 F1 offspring), we created the first linkage map for this species. This partial map-distributed over 15 linkage groups-has a total length of 1698.8 cM. In line with the fact that males are the heterogametic sex in this species and a reduction of recombination is expected, we observed a lower recombination rate in the males (map length: 1371.5 cM) as compared with females (2089.8 cM). Furthermore, three loci previously documented to be sex-linked (that is, carrying male-specific alleles) in adults from the wild mapped to the same linkage group. The linkage map described in this study is one of the densest ones available for amphibians. The discovery of a sex linkage group in Rana temporaria, as well as other regions with strongly reduced male recombination rates, should help to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the sex-determination system in this species. As the number of linkage groups found (n=15) is quite close to the actual number of chromosomes (n=13), the map should provide a useful resource for further evolutionary, ecological and conservation genetic work in this and other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cano
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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44
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Luquet E, David P, Lena JP, Joly P, Konecny L, Dufresnes C, Perrin N, Plenet S. Heterozygosity-fitness correlations among wild populations of European tree frog (Hyla arborea) detect fixation load. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1877-87. [PMID: 21410805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the impacts of inbreeding and genetic drift on fitness traits in fragmented populations is becoming a major goal in conservation biology. Such impacts occur at different levels and involve different sets of loci. Genetic drift randomly fixes slightly deleterious alleles leading to different fixation load among populations. By contrast, inbreeding depression arises from highly deleterious alleles in segregation within a population and creates variation among individuals. A popular approach is to measure correlations between molecular variation and phenotypic performances. This approach has been mainly used at the individual level to detect inbreeding depression within populations and sometimes at the population level but without consideration about the genetic processes measured. For the first time, we used in this study a molecular approach considering both the interpopulation and intrapopulation level to discriminate the relative importance of inbreeding depression vs. fixation load in isolated and non-fragmented populations of European tree frog (Hyla arborea), complemented with interpopulational crosses. We demonstrated that the positive correlations observed between genetic heterozygosity and larval performances on merged data were mainly caused by co-variations in genetic diversity and fixation load among populations rather than by inbreeding depression and segregating deleterious alleles within populations. Such a method is highly relevant in a conservation perspective because, depending on how populations lose fitness (inbreeding vs. fixation load), specific management actions may be designed to improve the persistence of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Luquet
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Alho JS, Herczeg G, Laugen AT, Räsänen K, Laurila A, Merilä J. Allen's rule revisited: quantitative genetics of extremity length in the common frog along a latitudinal gradient. J Evol Biol 2010; 24:59-70. [PMID: 20964781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ecogeographical rules linking climate to morphology have gained renewed interest because of climate change. Yet few studies have evaluated to what extent geographical trends ascribed to these rules have a genetic, rather than environmentally determined, basis. This applies especially to Allen's rule, which states that the relative extremity length decreases with increasing latitude. We studied leg length in the common frog (Rana temporaria) along a 1500 km latitudinal gradient utilizing wild and common garden data. In the wild, the body size-corrected femur and tibia lengths did not conform to Allen's rule but peaked at mid-latitudes. However, the ratio of femur to tibia length increased in the north, and the common garden data revealed a genetic cline consistent with Allen's rule in some trait and treatment combinations. While selection may have shortened the leg length in the north, the genetic trend seems to be partially masked by environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Alho
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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46
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Lind MI, Ingvarsson PK, Johansson H, Hall D, Johansson F. GENE FLOW AND SELECTION ON PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN AN ISLAND SYSTEM OF RANA TEMPORARIA. Evolution 2010; 65:684-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Johansson F, Lederer B, Lind MI. Trait performance correlations across life stages under environmental stress conditions in the common frog, Rana temporaria. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11680. [PMID: 20657779 PMCID: PMC2908130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
If an organism's juvenile and adult life stages inhabit different environments, certain traits may need to be independently adapted to each environment. In many organisms, a move to a different environment during ontogeny is accompanied by metamorphosis. In such organisms phenotypic induction early in ontogeny can affect later phenotypes. In laboratory experiments we first investigated correlations between body morphology and the locomotor performance traits expressed in different life stages of the common frog, Rana temporaria: swimming speed and acceleration in tadpoles; and jump-distance in froglets. We then tested for correlations between these performances across life stages. We also subjected tadpoles to unchanging or decreasing water levels to explore whether decreasing water levels might induce any carry-over effects. Body morphology and performance were correlated in tadpoles; morphology and performance were correlated in froglets: hence body shape and morphology affect performance within each life stage. However, performance was decoupled across life stages, as there was no correlation between performance in tadpoles and performance in froglets. While size did not influence tadpole performance, it was correlated with performance of the metamorphosed froglets. Experiencing decreasing water levels accelerated development time, which resulted in smaller tadpoles and froglets, i.e., a carry-over effect. Interestingly, decreasing water levels positively affected the performance of tadpoles, but negatively affected froglet performance. Our results suggest that performance does not necessarily have to be correlated between life stages. However, froglet performance is size dependent and carried over from the tadpole stage, suggesting that some important size-dependent characters cannot be decoupled via metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Richter-Boix A, Teplitsky C, Rogell B, Laurila A. Local selection modifies phenotypic divergence amongRana temporariapopulations in the presence of gene flow. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:716-31. [PMID: 20089126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Richter-Boix
- Population Biology and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zeisset I, Beebee TJC. Larval fitness, microsatellite diversity and MHC class II diversity in common frog (Rana temporaria) populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 104:423-30. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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50
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Méndez M, Correa-Solis M. Divergence in morphometric and life history traits in two thermally contrasting Andean populations of Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae). J Therm Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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