1
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Ishii G. New insights into cancer pathology learned from the dynamics of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Pathol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923250 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Paget's "Seed and Soil" theory, proposed in 1889, emphasizes the importance of the microenvironment where cancer cells grow in metastatic sites. Over a century later, this concept remains a cornerstone in comprehending cancer biology and devising treatment strategies. The "Seed and Soil" theory, which initially explained how cancer spreads to distant organs, now also applies to the tumor microenvironment (TME) within primary tumors. This theory emphasizes the critical interaction between cancer cells ("seeds") and their surrounding environment ("soil") and how this interaction affects both tumor progression within the primary site and at metastatic sites. An important point to note is that the characteristics of the TME are not static but dynamic, undergoing substantial changes during tumor progression and after treatment with therapeutic drugs. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), recognized as the principal noncancerous cellular component within the TME, play multifaceted roles in tumor progression including promoting angiogenesis, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and regulating immune responses. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the findings regarding how the dynamics of CAFs contribute to cancer progression and drug sensitivity. Understanding the dynamics of CAFs could provide new insights into cancer pathology and lead to important advancements in cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Horie M, Takagane K, Itoh G, Kuriyama S, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Umakoshi M, Goto A, Arita J, Tanaka M. Exosomes secreted by ST3GAL5 high cancer cells promote peritoneal dissemination by establishing a premetastatic microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:21-43. [PMID: 37716915 PMCID: PMC10766203 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination of cancer affects patient survival. The behavior of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) and immune cells influences the establishment of a microenvironment that promotes cancer cell metastasis in the peritoneum. Here, we investigated the roles of lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3G5; also known as ST3GAL5 and GM3 synthase) in the exosome-mediated premetastatic niche in peritoneal milky spots (MSs). Exosomes secreted from ST3G5high cancer cells (ST3G5high -cExos) were found to contain high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and accumulated in MSs via uptake in macrophages (MΦs) owing to increased expression of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (CD169; also known as SIGLEC1). ST3G5high -cExos induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and glucose metabolic changes in MΦs, and the interaction of these MΦs with PMCs promoted mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) in PMCs, thereby generating αSMA+ myofibroblasts. ST3G5high -cExos also increased the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and T-cell exhaustion in MSs, which accelerated metastasis to the omentum. These events were prevented following ST3G5 depletion in cancer cells. Mechanistically, ST3G5high -cExos upregulated chemokines, including CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), in recipient MΦs and dendritic cells (DCs), which induced MMT and immunosuppression via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Maraviroc, a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist, prevented ST3G5high -cExo-mediated MMT, T-cell suppression, and metastasis in MSs. Our results suggest ST3G5 as a suitable therapeutic target for preventing cExo-mediated peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Horie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Rare Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and TherapeuticsOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Michinobu Umakoshi
- Department of Cellular and Organ PathologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ PathologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
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3
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Takahashi S, Takagane K, Itoh G, Kuriyama S, Umakoshi M, Goto A, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Iijima K, Tanaka M. CCDC85A is regulated by miR-224-3p and augments cancer cell resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196546. [PMID: 37534255 PMCID: PMC10391547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we analyzed miRNAs in tumor stromal fibroblasts. Expression of miR-224-3p in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) from scirrhous gastric cancer patients was lower than in normal fibroblasts (NF). Introduction of a miR-224-3p mimic attenuated migration and invasion of CAF. Coiled-coil domain containing 85A (CCDC85A), whose function in tumors is not understood, was the target gene of miR-224-3p. Immunohistological analysis revealed that CCDC85A is expressed to varying degrees by cancer cells and CAFs in gastric and pancreatic carcinomas. Downregulation of CCDC85A in cancer cells revealed that these cells are vulnerable to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by thapsigargin or tunicamycin, which were ameliorated after addback of CCDC85A. Injection of NF-derived exosomes containing miR-224-3p into the xenograft tumor increased tumor shrinkage by cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, CCDC85A associated with the molecular chaperone GRP78 and GRP94, thereby inhibiting association of these negative regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to sustained activation of PERK and downstream eIF2〈 and ATF4 upon ER stress. These data suggest a novel miR-224-3p-mediated function for CCDC85A: protection from ER stress and cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Michinobu Umakoshi
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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4
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Kitajima H, Maruyama R, Niinuma T, Yamamoto E, Takasawa A, Takasawa K, Ishiguro K, Tsuyada A, Suzuki R, Sudo G, Kubo T, Mitsuhashi K, Idogawa M, Tange S, Toyota M, Yoshido A, Kumegawa K, Kai M, Yanagihara K, Tokino T, Osanai M, Nakase H, Suzuki H. TM4SF1-AS1 inhibits apoptosis by promoting stress granule formation in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:424. [PMID: 37443145 PMCID: PMC10345132 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in tumor development. To identify dysregulated lncRNAs in gastric cancer (GC), we analyzed genome-wide trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) to screen for transcriptionally active lncRNA genes in the non-tumorous gastric mucosa of patients with GC and healthy individuals. We found that H3K4me3 at TM4SF1-AS1 was specifically upregulated in GC patients and that the expression of TM4SF1-AS1 was significantly elevated in primary and cultured GC cells. TM4SF1-AS1 contributes to GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and its oncogenic function is mediated, at least in part, through interactions with purine-rich element-binding protein α (Pur-α) and Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1). TM4SF1-AS1 also activates interferon signaling in GC cells, which is dependent on Pur-α and RIG-I. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP)-mass spectrometry demonstrated that TM4SF1-AS1 was associated with several stress granule (SG)-related proteins, including G3BP2, RACK1, and DDX3. Notably, TM4SF1-AS1 promoted SG formation and inhibited apoptosis in GC cells by sequestering RACK1, an activator of the stress-responsive MAPK pathway, within SGs. TM4SF1-AS1-induced SG formation and apoptosis inhibition are dependent on Pur-α and YB-1. These findings suggested that TM4SF1-AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis by enhancing SG-mediated stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Cell Diversity Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishiguro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuyada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gota Sudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Mitsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Idogawa
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Toyota
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayano Yoshido
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kumegawa
- Cancer Cell Diversity Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Nojima Y, Aoki M, Re S, Hirano H, Abe Y, Narumi R, Muraoka S, Shoji H, Honda K, Tomonaga T, Mizuguchi K, Boku N, Adachi J. Integration of pharmacoproteomic and computational approaches reveals the cellular signal transduction pathways affected by apatinib in gastric cancer cell lines. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2172-2187. [PMID: 37013003 PMCID: PMC10066531 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apatinib is known to be a highly selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. In a phase III study, the objective response rate to apatinib was low. It remains unclear why the effectivity of apatinib varies among patients and what type of patients are candidates for the treatment. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of apatinib against 13 gastric cancer cell lines and found that it differed depending on the cell line. Using integrated wet and dry approaches, we showed that apatinib was a multi-kinase inhibitor of c-Kit, RAF1, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, predominantly inhibiting c-Kit. Notably, KATO-III, which was the most apatinib-sensitive among the gastric cancer cell lines investigated, was the only cell line expressing c-Kit, RAF1, VEGFR1, and VEGFR3 but not VEGFR2. Furthermore, we identified SNW1 as a molecule affected by apatinib that plays an important role in cell survival. Finally, we identified the molecular network related to SNW1 that was affected by treatment with apatinib. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of apatinib in KATO-III cells is independent of VEGFR2 and that the differential efficacy of apatinib was due to differences in expression patterns of receptor tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, our results suggest that the differential efficacy of apatinib in gastric cell lines may be attributed to SNW1 phosphorylation levels at a steady state. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of apatinib in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosui Nojima
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560–8531, Japan
| | - Masahiko Aoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
- Department of Early Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan
| | - Suyong Re
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hirano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464–8681, Japan
| | - Ryohei Narumi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muraoka
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Honda
- Department of Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Proteobiologics Co., Ltd., Osaka 567–0085, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research (ArCHER), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology and General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan
- Correspondence to: Department of Medical Oncology and General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4–6-1 Minato-ku, Shiroganedai, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan.
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Correspondence to: Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7–6-8 Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567–0085, Japan.
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6
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Cancer-associated fibroblast-dependent and -independent invasion of gastric cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04484-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Establishment and characterization of chemotherapy-enriched sphere-forming cells with stemness phenotypes as a new cell line (BAG 50) of gastric carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:201. [PMID: 36175578 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that possess the tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal capacity, and high resistance to conventional therapies. Due to the diversity and complexity of human tumors, new cell lines are urgently needed to supply clinically and physiologically relevant cancer models. Here, we report establishing a novel cell line (BAG50) with stemness properties. Chemotherapy-enriched sphere-forming cells with CSC properties isolated from a patient with GC were cultured in a serum-containing medium and passaged for up to 51 passages. The colony-forming ability and tumor-forming capacity of BAG50 cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. mRNA upregulation of stemness-related transcriptional factors using real-time PCR as well as expression of CSC markers using flow cytometry was investigated. Finally, STR profiling and chromosome studies were performed. BAG50 cells formed floating spheroid colonies in a serum-free medium. Subcutaneous injection of these cells generated xenograft tumors in nude mice. Pluripotency markers (SOX-2, OCT4, and Cripto-1) in them were upregulated compared with normal gastric cells. The majority of them expressed CSC markers of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM, and stemness marker of oct-4. STR profiling showed a unique DNA fingerprint. Karyotype also demonstrated multiple aneuploidies and chromosomal translocations. We suggested that the highly tumorigenic BAG50 cell line with stem cell-like phenotypes may provide a valuable in vitro tool to support new diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers as well as the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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Hara T, Tominaga Y, Ueda K, Mihara K, Yanagihara K, Takei Y. Elevated METTL9 is associated with peritoneal dissemination in human scirrhous gastric cancers. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101255. [PMID: 35402738 PMCID: PMC8983939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuuki Tominaga
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Oishi T, Sasaki Y, Tong Y, Chen L, Onodera T, Iwasa S, Udo E, Furusato B, Fujimori H, Imamichi S, Honda T, Bessho T, Fukuoka J, Ashizawa K, Yanagihara K, Nakao K, Yamada Y, Hiraoka N, Masutani M. A newly established monoclonal antibody against ERCC1 detects major isoforms of ERCC1 in gastric cancer. Glob Health Med 2021; 3:226-235. [PMID: 34532603 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2021.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Identifying patients resistant to cisplatin treatment is expected to improve cisplatin-based chemotherapy for various types of cancers. Excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) is involved in several repair processes of cisplatin-induced DNA crosslinks. ERCC1 overexpression is reported as a candidate prognostic factor and considered to cause cisplatin resistance in major solid cancers. However, anti-ERCC1 antibodies capable of evaluating expression levels of ERCC1 in clinical specimens were not fully optimized. A mouse monoclonal antibody against human ERCC1 was generated in this study. The developed antibody 9D11 specifically detected isoforms of 201, 202, 203 but not 204, which lacks the exon 3 coding region. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of this antibody, we have focused on gastric cancer because it is one of the major cancers in Japan. When ERCC1 expression was analyzed in seventeen kinds of human gastric cancer cell lines, all the cell lines were found to express either 201, 202, and/or 203 as major isoforms of ERCC1, but not 204 by Western blotting analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ERCC1 protein was exclusively detected in nuclei of the cells and a moderate level of constant positivity was observed in nuclei of vascular endothelial cells. It showed a clear staining pattern in clinical specimens of gastric cancers. Antibody 9D11 may thus be useful for estimating expression levels of ERCC1 in clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Oishi
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Lichao Chen
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takae Onodera
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwasa
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Udo
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Cancer Genomics Unit, Clinical Genomics Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Bungo Furusato
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Cancer Genomics Unit, Clinical Genomics Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujimori
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoji Imamichi
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ashizawa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Clinical Genomics Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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10
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SHP2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Diffuse-Type Gastric Carcinoma Addicted to Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174309. [PMID: 34503119 PMCID: PMC8430696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth associated with massive stroma and frequent peritoneal dissemination, which leads to poor patient outcomes. In this study, we found that the oncogenic tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is tyrosine-phosphorylated downstream of the amplified receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in DGC cell lines. SHP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition selectively suppressed the growth of DGC addicted to amplified Met and FGFR2. Moreover, targeting SHP2 abrogated malignant phenotypes, including peritoneal dissemination, of Met-addicted DGC and could overcome acquired resistance to Met inhibitors. Our findings suggest that SHP2 is a potential target for the treatment of DGC addicted to amplified RTK signaling. Abstract Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) exhibits aggressive progression associated with rapid infiltrative growth, massive fibrosis, and peritoneal dissemination. Gene amplification of Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been observed in DGC. However, the signaling pathways that promote DGC progression downstream of these RTKs remain to be fully elucidated. We previously identified an oncogenic tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2, using phospho-proteomic analysis of DGC cells with Met gene amplification. In this study, we characterized SHP2 in the progression of DGC and assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2. Although SHP2 was expressed in all gastric carcinoma cell lines examined, its tyrosine phosphorylation preferentially occurred in several DGC cell lines with Met or FGFR2 gene amplification. Met or FGFR inhibitor treatment or knockdown markedly reduced SHP2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 selectively suppressed the growth of DGC cells addicted to Met or FGFR2, even when they acquired resistance to Met inhibitors. Moreover, SHP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition blocked the migration and invasion of Met-addicted DGC cells in vitro and their peritoneal dissemination in a mouse xenograft model. These results indicate that SHP2 is a critical regulator of the malignant progression of RTK-addicted DGC and may be a therapeutic target.
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11
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Song S, Xu Y, Huo L, Zhao S, Wang R, Li Y, Scott AW, Pizzi MP, Wang Y, Fan Y, Harada K, Jin J, Ma L, Yao X, Shanbhag ND, Gan Q, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Badgwell BD, Wang Z, Wang L, Ajani JA. Patient-derived cell lines and orthotopic mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis recapitulate molecular and phenotypic features of human gastric adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:207. [PMID: 34162421 PMCID: PMC8223395 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is therapy resistant and leads to poor survival. To study PC in depth, there is an urgent need to develop representative PC-derived cell lines and metastatic models to study molecular mechanisms of PC and for preclinical screening of new therapies. METHODS PC cell lines were developed from patient-derived PC cells. The tumorigenicity and metastatic potential were investigated by subcutaneously (PDXs) and orthotopically. Karyotyping, whole-exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and functional studies were performed to molecularly define the cell lines and compare genomic and phenotypic features of PDX and donor PC cells. RESULTS We established three PC cell lines (GA0518, GA0804, and GA0825) and characterized them in vitro. The doubling times were 22, 39, and 37 h for GA0518, GA0804, and GA0825, respectively. Expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD44, ALDH1, CD133 and YAP1) and activation of oncogenes varied among the cell lines. All three PC cell lines formed PDXs. Interestingly, all three PC cell lines formed tumors in the patient derived orthotopic (PDO) model and GA0518 cell line consistently produced PC in mice. Moreover, PDXs recapitulated transcriptomic and phenotypic features of the donor PC cells. Finally, these cell lines were suitable for preclinical testing of chemotherapy and target agents in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We successfully established three patient-derived PC cell lines and an improved PDO model with high incidence of PC associated with malignant ascites. Thus, these cell lines and metastatic PDO model represent excellent resources for exploring metastatic mechanisms of PC in depth and for target drug screening and validation by interrogating GAC for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ailing W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Namita D Shanbhag
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qiong Gan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brian D Badgwell
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Takei Y, Hara T, Suzuki A, Mihara K, Yanagihara K. Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Is a Suitable Target to Inhibit Peritoneal Dissemination in Human Scirrhous Gastric Cancers. Pathobiology 2020; 87:277-290. [PMID: 32937635 DOI: 10.1159/000508350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scirrhous gastric cancer, which accounts for approximately 10% of all gastric cancers, often disseminates to the peritoneum, leading to intractable cases with poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for new treatment approaches for this difficult cancer. METHODS We previously established an original cell line, HSC-60, from a scirrhous gastric cancer patient and isolated a peritoneal-metastatic cell line, 60As6, in nude mice following orthotopic inoculations. In the present study, we focused on the expression of long noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) (lncRNA) in the cell lines and investigated the mechanism on peritoneal dissemination. RESULTS We demonstrated that an lncRNA, HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), is expressed significantly more highly in 60As6 than HSC-60 cells. Then, using both HOTAIR knockdown and overexpression experiments, we showed that high-level expression of HOTAIR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 60As6 cells. By luciferase assay, we found that HOTAIR directly targets and binds to miR-217, and that miR-217 directly binds to Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The knockdown of HOTAIR in 60As6 cells significantly reduced the invasion activity and peritoneal dissemination - and significantly prolonged the survival - in the orthotopic tumor mouse model. CONCLUSION An EMT-associated pathway (the HOTAIR-miR-217-ZEB1 axis) appears to inhibit peritoneal dissemination and could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy against scirrhous gastric cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,
| | - Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Sakamoto N, Sekino Y, Fukada K, Pham QT, Honma R, Taniyama D, Ukai S, Takashima T, Hattori T, Naka K, Tanabe K, Ohdan H, Yasui W. Uc.63+ contributes to gastric cancer progression through regulation of NF-kB signaling. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:863-873. [PMID: 32323025 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are a novel class of long non-coding RNAs and are involved in the development of several types of cancer. Although several different papers have described the oncogenic role of Uc.63+, there are no reports mentioning its importance in gastric cancer (GC) biology. METHODS In this study, we evaluated Uc.63+ expression using clinical samples of GC by qRT-PCR, and also assessed the correlation between Uc.63+ expression and clinico-pathological factors. RESULTS The upregulation of Uc.63+ was significantly correlated with advanced clinico-pathological features. Knockdown of Uc.63+ significantly repressed GC cell growth and migration, whereas overexpression of Uc.63+ conversely promoted those of GC cells. In situ hybridization of Uc.63+ revealed its preferential expression in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We further conducted a microarray analysis using MKN-1 cells overexpressing Uc.63- and found that NF-κB signaling was significantly upregulated in accordance with Uc.63+ expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Uc.63+ could be involved in GC progression by regulating GC cell growth and migration via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kaho Fukada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Quoc Thang Pham
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ririno Honma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Taniyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ukai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takuya Hattori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Naka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanabe
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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14
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Cancer cells with high-metastatic potential promote a glycolytic shift in activated fibroblasts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234613. [PMID: 32555715 PMCID: PMC7299357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts and are the major stromal component in various types of malignancies. CAFs often undergo metabolic reprogramming to create an appropriate microenvironment for cancer progression. However, it remains unclear whether the metastatic properties of cancer cells affect aerobic glycolysis in stromal cells. Here, we show that gastric cancer (GC) cells with high metastatic potential strongly promote the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in fibroblasts. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of glycolysis-related genes, such as LDHA and ENO2, significantly changed in fibroblasts when they were cocultured with cancer cells with high metastatic potential compared to fibroblasts incubated with cancer cells with low metastatic potential. Glucose uptake, lactate production and oxygen consumption in fibroblasts were changed by coculture with GC cells with high metastatic potential. Thus, metabolic reprogramming in CAFs may reflect the metastatic properties of GC cells.
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15
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Cancer extracellular vesicles contribute to stromal heterogeneity by inducing chemokines in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2019; 38:5566-5579. [PMID: 31147602 PMCID: PMC6755971 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the major components of a tumour microenvironment, comprise heterogeneous populations involved in tumour progression. However, it remains obscure how CAF heterogeneity is governed by cancer cells. Here, we show that cancer extracellular vesicles (EVs) induce a series of chemokines in activated fibroblasts and contribute to the formation of the heterogeneity. In a xenograft model of diffuse-type gastric cancer, we showed two distinct fibroblast subpopulations with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression or chemokine expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) profiling of the EVs and the transfection experiment suggested that several miRNAs played a role in the induction of chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL8 in fibroblasts, but not for the myofibroblastic differentiation. Clinically, aberrant activation of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in CAFs correlated with poorer survival in gastric cancer patients. Thus, this link between chemokine expression in CAFs and tumour progression may provide novel targets for anticancer therapy.
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16
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Yanagihara K, Kubo T, Mihara K, Kuwata T, Ochiai A, Seyama T, Yokozaki H. Establishment of a novel cell line from a rare human duodenal poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36503-36514. [PMID: 30559933 PMCID: PMC6284856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum (D-NEC) is a rare cancer with poor prognosis. However, a D-NEC cell line has not yet been established to study the disease. We established a cell line, TCC-NECT-2, from the ascites tumor of a 59-year-old male Japanese patient with D-NEC. TCC-NECT-2 was positive for neuroendocrine markers, chromogranin A (CGA), cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56/NCAM), synaptophysin (SYN/p38), and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Cells exhibited retinoblastoma (RB) protein loss. Orthotopic implantation of TCC-NECT-2 cells into nu/nu mice resulted in tumor formation (incidence = 83.3%) with neuroendocrine characteristics, metastasis, and weight loss. BRAFV600E and TP53 mutations and C-MYC gene amplification were also observed in TCC-NECT-2. BRAFV600E-expressing TCC-NECT-2 cells were sensitive to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, and especially dabrafenib, in vitro, and were strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Dabrafenib treatment (30 mg/kg) in a xenograft model for 14 days significantly suppressed tumor growth (percent tumor growth inhibition, TGI% = 48.04). An enhanced therapeutic effect (TGI% = 95.81) was observed on combined treatment of dabrafenib and irinotecan (40 mg/kg). Therefore, TCC-NECT-2, the first reported cell line derived from D-NEC, might serve as a useful model to study the basic biology of D-NEC and translational applications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takanori Kubo
- Department of Life Sciences, Yasuda Women's University Faculty of Pharmacy, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Seyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Yasuda Women's University Faculty of Pharmacy, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Umakoshi M, Takahashi S, Itoh G, Kuriyama S, Sasaki Y, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Maeda D, Goto A, Tanaka M. Macrophage-mediated transfer of cancer-derived components to stromal cells contributes to establishment of a pro-tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2018; 38:2162-2176. [PMID: 30459356 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) secreted into the blood create a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs; however, it is unclear how TEVs are delivered and how they affect stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have pivotal roles in cancer progression by interacting with cancer cells and other stromal cells. Here, we report a novel function of TAMs: delivery and transmission of TEV contents. TEV-incorporating macrophages (TEV-MΦs) showed increased invasiveness and were disseminated widely. Upon contact with host stromal cells (peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs), fibroblasts, and endothelial cells), TEV-MΦs released membrane blebs containing TEVs, a process dependent upon localized activation of caspase-3 in MΦs. Scattered blebs were incorporated into stromal cells, leading to transfer of cancer-derived RNA and proteins such as TGF-β, activated Src, Wnt3, and HIF1α. TEV-MΦ-secreted blebs containing cancer-derived components contributed to myofibroblastic changes in recipient stromal cells. TEVs delivered by MΦs penetrated deep into the parenchyma of the stomach in TEV-injected mice, and transmitted TEVs to PMCs lining the stomach surface; this process induced PMCs to undergo mesothelial-mesenchymal transition. PMCs infiltrated the gastric wall and created a niche, thereby promoting tumor invasion. Depletion of MΦs prevented these events. Moreover, TEV-MΦs created a pro-metastatic niche. Taken together, these results suggest a novel function for TAMs: transfer of cancer-derived components to surrounding stromal cells and induction of a pro-tumor microenvironment via an increase in the number of CAF-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Umakoshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - So Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuenmachi, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8545, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suitashi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
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18
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Shimizu D, Saito T, Ito S, Masuda T, Kurashige J, Kuroda Y, Eguchi H, Kodera Y, Mimori K. Overexpression of FGFR1 Promotes Peritoneal Dissemination Via Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:313-320. [PMID: 29976636 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dissemination (PD) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to identify PD-associated genes and investigate their role in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified FGFR1 as a putative PD-associated gene using a bioinformatics approach. The biological significance of FGFR1 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated according to the correlation with genes that participated in EMT and FGFR1 knockdown experiments. The associations between FGFR1 expression and the clinicopathological features were examined. RESULTS FGFR1 expression positively correlated with SNAI1, VIM and ZEB1 expression, and negatively correlated with CDH1 expression. Knockdown of FGFR1 suppressed the malignant phenotype of GC cells. High FGFR1 expression significantly correlated with the peritoneal lavage cytology and synchronous PD positivity as well as poor prognosis. CONCLUSION High FGFR1 expression was associated with PD via promotion of EMT and led to a poor prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan.,Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
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19
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Kimura R, Yoneshige A, Hagiyama M, Otani T, Inoue T, Shiraishi N, Yanagihara K, Wakayama T, Ito A. Expression of cell adhesion molecule 1 in gastric neck and base glandular cells: Possible involvement in peritoneal dissemination of signet ring cells. Life Sci 2018; 213:206-213. [PMID: 30312702 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine cellular distribution of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), an immunoglobulin superfamily member, in the human oxyntic gastric mucosa, and to explore possible involvement in the development and peritoneal dissemination of signet ring cell (SRC) gastric carcinoma, which often develops in the oxyntic mucosa. MAIN METHODS Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence were conducted on surgical specimens of normal and SRC-bearing stomachs and peritoneal metastatic foci of SRCs. KATO-III (lacking CADM1) and HSC-43 (expressing CADM1) SRC cell lines were cocultured on a Met-5A mesothelial or TIG-1 fibroblastic cell monolayer. KEY FINDINGS In the oxyntic gland, some neck and nearly all base glandular cells were CADM1-positive, and mucin 5AC-positive cells were CADM1-negative, while some mucin 6-positive neck cells were CADM1-positive. Foveolar-epithelial, parietal, and endocrine cells were CADM1-negative. CADM1 was negative in all SRC carcinomas that were confined within the submucosa (n = 11) and all but one of those invading deeper (n = 15). In contrast, peritoneal metastatic foci of SRCs were CADM1-positive in five out of eleven cases (P < 0.01). In the cocultures, exogenous CADM1 made KATO-III cells adhere more and grow faster on a Met-5A monolayer, not on TIG-1 monolayers. HSC-43 cells adhered more and grew faster on Met-5A than on TIG-1 monolayers, which were partly counteracted by a function-neutralizing anti-CADM1 antibody. SIGNIFICANCE Nearly all chief cells and a part of mucous neck cells express CADM1. SRC gastric carcinoma appears to emerge as a CADM1-negative tumor, but CADM1 may help SRCs develop peritoneal dissemination through promoting their adhesion and growth in the serosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Otani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Shiraishi
- Hospital Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
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20
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The significance of scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines: the molecular characterization using cell lines and mouse models. Hum Cell 2018; 31:271-281. [PMID: 29876827 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-0211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC) exhibits aggressiveness of the rapid infiltrating tumor cells with abundant fibroblasts. Experimental studies using SGC cell lines have obtained useful information about this cancer. Our literature search divulged a total of 18 SGC cell lines; two cell lines were established from primary SGC and the other lines were established from a metastatic lesion of SGC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TβR) are linked to the rapid development of SGC. Cross-talk between the cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been shown to contribute to the progression of SGC. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1 (CXCR1) from SGC cells might be associated with the abundant CAFs in cancer microenvironments. The in vivo models established using SGC cell lines are expected to serve as a useful tool for the development of drugs such as FGFR2 inhibitors, TβR inhibitors, and CXCR1 inhibitors, which might be promising as SGC treatments. However, the number of available SGC cell lines is insufficient for the clarification of the entire biologic behavior of SGC. Since the mechanisms responsible for the characteristic aggressiveness of SGC are not fully elucidated, the establishment of new SGC cell lines could help clarify the biological behavior of SGC and contribute to its treatment.
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21
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Takei Y, Shen G, Morita-Kondo A, Hara T, Mihara K, Yanagihara K. MicroRNAs Associated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Can Be Targeted to Inhibit Peritoneal Dissemination of Human Scirrhous Gastric Cancers. Pathobiology 2018; 85:232-246. [PMID: 29847827 DOI: 10.1159/000488801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scirrhous gastric cancers grow rapidly, and frequently invade the peritoneum. Such peritoneal dissemination properties markedly reduce patient survival. Thus, an effective means for inhibiting peritoneal dissemination is urgently required. METHODS We previously established a cell line, HSC-58, from a scirrhous gastric cancer patient, and further successfully isolated a metastatic line, 58As9, in nude mice upon orthotopic inoculation. Using the lines, we examined the mechanism underlying peritoneal dissemination from the viewpoint of microRNA (miRNA) expression. RESULTS miRNA array and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated miRNAs such as miR-200c and miR-141 were significantly low in 58As9. Using 58As9 with stably overexpressing miR-200c, miR-141, or both, together with a luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR-200c targeted zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and miR-141 targeted ZEB2. The overexpressed lines reversed the EMT status from mesenchymal to epithelial in 58As9, and significantly reduced the invasion activity and peritoneal dissemination for a significant prolongation of survival in the orthotopic tumor models in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS EMT-associated miRNAs such as miR-200c and miR-141 and their target genes ZEB1/ZEB2 have good potential for antiperitoneal dissemination therapy in patients with scirrhous gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Guodong Shen
- Division of Disease Models, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayami Morita-Kondo
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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22
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Kiyozumi Y, Iwatsuki M, Kurashige J, Ogata Y, Yamashita K, Koga Y, Toihata T, Hiyoshi Y, Ishimoto T, Baba Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Yanagihara K, Mimori K, Baba H. PLOD2 as a potential regulator of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1202-1211. [PMID: 29603227 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is the most common metastatic pattern in advanced gastric cancer (GC) and has a very poor prognosis. However, its molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Our study investigated genes associated with peritoneal dissemination of GC. We performed combined expression analysis of metastatic GC cell lines and identified Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase2 (PLOD2) as a potential regulator of peritoneal dissemination. PLOD2 is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and mediates extracellular matrix remodeling, alignment, and mechanical properties. We analyzed PLOD2 expression immunohistochemically in 179 clinical samples, and found high PLOD2 expression to be significantly associated with peritoneal dissemination, leading to poor prognosis. In an in vivo-collected metastatic cell line, downregulation of PLOD2 by siRNA reduced invasiveness and migration. Hypoxia upregulated PLOD2 mediated by HIF-1, and promoted invasiveness and migration. After exposure to hypoxia, a cell line transfected with siPLOD2 exhibited significantly suppressed invasiveness and migration, despite high HIF-1 expression. These findings indicate that PLOD2 is a regulator of, and candidate therapeutic target for peritoneal dissemination of GC. Although peritoneal dissemination of GC has a very poor prognosis, its molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. We identified PLOD2 regulated by HIF-1 as a potential regulator of peritoneal dissemination of GC. Finally, we showed that PLOD2 promotes cell invasiveness and migration in GC under hypoxia and lead to peritoneal dissemination of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Koga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tasuku Toihata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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23
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Itoh G, Chida S, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Aiba N, Tanaka M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce cancer cell apoptosis that regulates invasion mode of tumours. Oncogene 2017; 36:4434-4444. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Abe A, Nagatsuma AK, Higuchi Y, Nakamura Y, Yanagihara K, Ochiai A. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:92-103. [PMID: 26694715 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts are the commonest type of cancer stromal cells. Inflammation occurs in cancer tissue, and the inflammatory process has been suggested to be caused by interactions between immune cells and cancer cells. In this study, we clarified that site-specific fibroblasts regulate the formation of a site-specific inflammatory niche according to the depth of gastric cancer cell invasion. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed with paraffin-embedded tissues. The numbers of immune cells and the fibroblast area were calculated according to the cancer depth. The gene expression patterns of submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts stimulated with HSC44PE-conditioned medium were analyzed with a microarray. To examine the effects on the cancer microenvironment of differences in gene expressions between HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts, assays of HSC44PE proliferation, T cell migration, and M2-like macrophage differentiation were performed. RESULTS The distributions of immune cells differed between the submucosal layer and the subserosal layer. The number of M2 macrophages was significantly higher and the fibroblast area was significantly larger in the subserosal layer compared with the submucosal layer. High expression levels of IL1B, TNFSF15, and CCL13 were observed in HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts, and higher expression levels of TGFB2, CSF1, CCL8, and CXCL5 were found in HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblasts. HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblast medium promoted the differentiation of monocytes into M2-like macrophages, whereas HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts significantly induced the migration of Jurkat cells and the growth of HSC44PE cells. CONCLUSION The dynamic states of immune cells differ between the submucosal and subserosal layers in cancer tissues. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation according to the depth of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abe
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawano Nagatsuma
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Youichi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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25
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Hirashita Y, Tsukamoto Y, Yanagihara K, Fumoto S, Hijiya N, Nakada C, Uchida T, Matsuura K, Kodama M, Okimoto T, Daa T, Seike M, Iha H, Shirao K, Murakami K, Moriyama M. Reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 is associated with sensitivity to MEK inhibition in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1919-1928. [PMID: 27699948 PMCID: PMC5198963 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and KRAS, therefore, targeting of the RTK/KRAS downstream pathways could help to broaden the applicability of molecular targeted therapy for GC. We assembled a panel of 48 GC cell lines and screened predictors of responsiveness to inhibition of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, one of the RTK/KRAS downstream pathways. We found that GC cells with MET amplification or KRAS mutation, but not amplification, tended to be sensitive to MEK inhibition. However, several cell lines without RTK/KRAS alterations also showed high sensitivity to MEK inhibition. We then focused on the phosphorylation of RTK/KRAS downstream molecules to screen for predictors’ sensitivity to MEK inhibition. We found that the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) downstream molecules, including p70S6K, 4EBP1, and S6, was significantly associated with sensitivity to MEK inhibition in GC cells (P < 0.05), suggesting that mTORC1 activity is related to the sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Furthermore, the change in mTORC1 activity after MEK inhibition was also significantly associated with this sensitivity (P < 0.001). Among the mTORC1 downstream molecules, the change in S6 phosphorylation (pS6) showed the most significant correlation with sensitivity. Using xenograft models derived from highly sensitive and resistant cell lines, we found specific reduction of pS6 in xenografts from highly sensitive cell lines after 6 h of treatment with an MEK inhibitor. Thus, our data suggest the potential clinical applicability of an MEK inhibitor for a proportion of GC patients who could be selected on the basis of pS6 change after MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hirashita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fumoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hijiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsuura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masataka Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Shirao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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26
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Tanaka M, Kuriyama S, Itoh G, Maeda D, Goto A, Tamiya Y, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Aiba N. Mesothelial Cells Create a Novel Tissue Niche That Facilitates Gastric Cancer Invasion. Cancer Res 2016; 77:684-695. [PMID: 27895076 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) cover organ surfaces in the abdominal cavity. In this study, lineage tracing revealed that the PMCs guide cancer cell invasion in the gastric wall and in peritoneal metastatic lesions. Serosal PMCs covering the stomach surface entered the gastric wall to create a novel niche that favored gastric cancer cell invasion. PMC infiltration was induced by incorporation of cancer cell-derived, Wnt3a-containing extracellular vesicles. Infiltrated PMCs in turn promoted subserosal invasion of cancer cells. Mutual attraction between cancer cells and PMCs accelerated tumor invasion in the gastric wall, and PMC-led cancer cell invasion in disseminated tumors within the abdominal wall and diaphragm. Addition of the carboxyl terminus of Dickkopf-1 attenuated directional invasion of PMCs toward cancer cells both in vitro and in the gastric wall in vivo PMCs were sensitive to the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor disulfiram (DSF), as ALDH activity is elevated in PMCs. Wnt3a upregulated ALDH, and addition of DSF inhibited the invasive properties of PMCs, whereas DSF pretreatment suppressed gastric infiltration of PMCs and subserosal invasion by cancer cells. Our results suggest that stabilization of PMCs may become an effective therapy for the prevention of local invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 77(3); 684-95. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tamiya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Namiko Aiba
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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27
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Rokutan H, Hosoda F, Hama N, Nakamura H, Totoki Y, Furukawa E, Arakawa E, Ohashi S, Urushidate T, Satoh H, Shimizu H, Igarashi K, Yachida S, Katai H, Taniguchi H, Fukayama M, Shibata T. Comprehensive mutation profiling of mucinous gastric carcinoma. J Pathol 2016; 240:137-48. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Rokutan
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumie Hosoda
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Totoki
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Eisaku Furukawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Erika Arakawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoko Ohashi
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoko Urushidate
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hironori Satoh
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroko Shimizu
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiko Igarashi
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Gastric Surgery Division; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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28
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Nohara S, Kato K, Fujiwara D, Sakuragi N, Yanagihara K, Iwanuma Y, Kajiyama Y. Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) as a target molecule for scirrhous gastric cancer. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:494-503. [PMID: 26774363 PMCID: PMC7185882 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scirrhous gastric cancer is associated with peritoneal dissemination and advanced lymph node metastasis from an early stage, and the prognosis is still poor. In this study, we aimed to analyze candidate molecules for targeted therapy of scirrhous gastric cancer. We searched for molecules/metabolic activity that might be predominantly expressed in a subpopulation of scirrhous gastric cancer cells and might function as cancer stem cell markers. RESULTS For this purpose, we investigated the expression of various cell surface markers and of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. These analyses showed that the scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines HSC-58 and HSC-44PE heterogeneously expressed CD13, while CD44, CDCP1, EpCAM and ABCG2 were expressed uniformly. Moreover, 10% of the total HSC-58 cell population expressed ALDH enzyme activity. A subpopulation of cells strongly positive for ALDH also expressed high levels of CD13, both of which are known as cancer stem cell markers. HSC-58 cells expressing high levels of CD13 showed lower sensitivity to a cancer drug cisplatin than cells with low levels of CD13. In contrast, CD13(-high) subpopulation of HSC-58 was more sensitive to an aminopeptidase N inhibitor bestatin. In terms of antibody-drug therapy, anti-CD13-immunotoxin was highly cytotoxic towards HSC-58 cells and was more cytotoxic than anti-EpCAM-immunotoxin. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CD13 is a suitable cell surface candidate for targeted antibody-drug therapy of scirrhous gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Nohara
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Fujiwara
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakuragi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwanuma
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kajiyama
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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29
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Kurashige J, Hasegawa T, Niida A, Sugimachi K, Deng N, Mima K, Uchi R, Sawada G, Takahashi Y, Eguchi H, Inomata M, Kitano S, Fukagawa T, Sasako M, Sasaki H, Sasaki S, Mori M, Yanagihara K, Baba H, Miyano S, Tan P, Mimori K. Integrated Molecular Profiling of Human Gastric Cancer Identifies DDR2 as a Potential Regulator of Peritoneal Dissemination. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22371. [PMID: 26934957 PMCID: PMC4776110 DOI: 10.1038/srep22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent, incurable metastasis occurring in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, molecular mechanisms driving peritoneal dissemination still remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive the peritoneal dissemination of GC. We performed combined expression analysis with in vivo-selected metastatic cell lines and samples from 200 GC patients to identify driver genes of peritoneal dissemination. The driver-gene functions associated with GC dissemination were examined using a mouse xenograft model. We identified a peritoneal dissemination-associated expression signature, whose profile correlated with those of genes related to development, focal adhesion, and the extracellular matrix. Among the genes comprising the expression signature, we identified that discoidin-domain receptor 2 (DDR2) as a potential regulator of peritoneal dissemination. The DDR2 was upregulated by the loss of DNA methylation and that DDR2 knockdown reduced peritoneal metastasis in a xenograft model. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of the DDR2 signaling pathway, effectively suppressed peritoneal dissemination. DDR2 was identified as a driver gene for GC dissemination from the combined expression signature and can potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting GC peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takanori Hasegawa
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasyo, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niida
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Niantao Deng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Genta Sawada
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Masashi Inomata
- Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Seigo Kitano
- Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takeo Fukagawa
- Gastric Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sasako
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shin Sasaki
- Omori Red Cross Hospital, 4-30-11 Chuo, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 143-8527, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research &Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
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Sakamoto A, Akiyama Y, Shimada S, Zhu WG, Yuasa Y, Tanaka S. DNA Methylation in the Exon 1 Region and Complex Regulation of Twist1 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145630. [PMID: 26695186 PMCID: PMC4687923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 overexpression is frequently observed in various cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Although DNA methylation of the Twist1 gene has been reported in cancer cells, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional activation remain uncertain. In this study, we first examined epigenetic alterations of the Twist1 using Twist1 transcription-positive and -negative cell lines that are derived from our established diffuse-type GC mouse model. Treatment with a DNA demethylation agent 5-aza-dC re-activated Twist1 expression in Twist1 expression-negative GC cells. According to methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing analysis, methylation at the CpG-rich region within Twist1 coding exon 1, rather than its promoter region, was tightly linked to transcriptional silencing of the Twist1 expression in mouse GC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that active histone mark H3K4me3 was enriched in Twist1 expression-positive cells, and inactive histone mark H3K9me3 was enriched in Twist1 expression-negative cells. The expression levels of Suv39h1 and Suv39h2, histone methyltransferases for H3K9me3, were inversely correlated with Twist1 expression, and knockdown of Suv39h1 or Suv39h2 induced Twist1 expression. Moreover, Sp1 transcription factor bound to the exon 1 CpG-rich region in Twist1 expression-positive cell lines, and Twist1 expression was diminished by mithramycin, which that interferes with Sp1 binding to CpG-rich regulatory sequences. Our studies suggested that the Twist1 transcription in GC cells might be regulated through potential cooperation of DNA methylation, histone modification in complex with Sp1 binding to CpG-rich regions within the exon 1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuna Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yasuhito Yuasa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: ;
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31
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Fujita T, Chiwaki F, Takahashi RU, Aoyagi K, Yanagihara K, Nishimura T, Tamaoki M, Komatsu M, Komatsuzaki R, Matsusaki K, Ichikawa H, Sakamoto H, Yamada Y, Fukagawa T, Katai H, Konno H, Ochiya T, Yoshida T, Sasaki H. Identification and Characterization of CXCR4-Positive Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130808. [PMID: 26110809 PMCID: PMC4481351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type solid tumors are often composed of a high proportion of rarely proliferating (i.e., dormant) cancer cells, strongly indicating the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) Although diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) patients have a poor prognosis due to high-frequent development of peritoneal dissemination (PD), it is limited knowledge that the PD-associated CSCs and efficacy of CSC-targeting therapy in diffuse-type GC. In this study, we established highly metastatic GC cell lines by in vivo selection designed for the enrichment of PD-associated GC cells. By microarray analysis, we found C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) can be a novel marker for highly metastatic CSCs, since CXCR4-positive cells can grow anchorage-independently, initiate tumors in mice, be resistant to cytotoxic drug, and produce differentiated daughter cells. In clinical samples, these CXCR4-positive cells were found from not only late metastasis stage (accumulated ascites) but also earlier stage (peritoneal washings). Moreover, treatment with transforming growth factor-β enhanced the anti-cancer effect of docetaxel via induction of cell differentiation/asymmetric cell division of the CXCR4-positive gastric CSCs even in a dormant state. Therefore, differentiation inducers hold promise for obtaining the maximum therapeutic outcome from currently available anti-cancer drugs through re-cycling of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiwaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou-u Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Aoyagi
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Nishimura
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Tamaoki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komatsu
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Komatsuzaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yamada
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fukagawa
- Gastric Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Gastric Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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32
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Abe A, Kuwata T, Yamauchi C, Higuchi Y, Ochiai A. High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) released from cancer cells induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peritoneal fibroblasts. Pathol Int 2015; 64:267-75. [PMID: 24965109 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group Box1 protein (HMGB1), one of the mediators of inflammation, is associated with tumorigenesis. The HMGB1-Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues promoted gastric cancer growth, however, there are no reports concerning the relationship between the expression of HMGB1 in gastric cancer and cancer-related inflammation. Fibroblasts exist most abundantly on cancer tissue where inflammation occurs. So, we studied the effects of HMGB1 released from cancer cells on the fibroblasts. The expression of HMGB1 in cancer cells and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in fibroblasts were evaluated immunohistochemically in human gastric cancer specimens. Cytoplasmic HMGB1 expression in the cancer cells and nuclear translocation of NF-kB in fibroblasts were detected at deeper invasion. To determine whether HMGB1 released from cancer cells induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibroblasts, we analyzed the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Fibroblasts stimulated by recombinant HMGB1 and the HSC44PE-conditioned medium showed the phosphorylation of Interleukin-1 receptor associated-kinase 4 (IRAK4), nuclear translocation of NF-kB, and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Treatment with HSC44PE-conditioned-medium transfected with siRNA-HMGB1 reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the fibroblasts. We propose that HMGB1 released from cancer cells induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peritoneal fibroblasts through the HMGB1-TLR2/4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abe
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo; Pathology Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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33
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Kurashige J, Mima K, Sawada G, Takahashi Y, Eguchi H, Sugimachi K, Mori M, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Hirakawa K, Baba H, Mimori K. Epigenetic modulation and repression of miR-200b by cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to cancer invasion and peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:133-41. [PMID: 25411357 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently been linked to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. In addition, the microRNA (miR)-200 family plays a central role in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during cancer metastasis, and aberrant DNA methylation is one of the key mechanisms underlying regulation of the miR-200 family. In this study, we clarified whether epigenetic changes of miR-200b by CAFs stimulate cancer invasion and peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. We evaluated the relationship between miR-200b and CAFs using a coculture model. In addition, we established a peritoneal metastasis mouse model and investigated the expression and methylation status of miR-200b. We also investigated the expression and methylation status of miR-200b and CAFs expression in primary gastric cancer samples. CAFs (CAF-37 and CAF-50) contributed to epigenetic changes of miR-200b, reduced miR-200b expression and promoted tumor invasion and migration in NUGC3 and OCUM-2M cells in coculture. In the model mice, epigenetic changes of miR-200b were observed in the inoculated high-frequency peritoneal dissemination cells. In the 173 gastric cancer samples, the low miR-200b expression group demonstrated a significantly poorer prognosis compared with the high miR-200b expression group and was associated with peritoneal metastasis. In addition, downregulation of miR-200b in cancer cells was significantly correlated with alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Our data provide evidence that CAFs reduce miR-200b expression and promote tumor invasion through epigenetic changes of miR-200b in gastric cancer. Thus, CAFs might be a therapeutic target for inhibition of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Genta Sawada
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan and
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan,
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34
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Sakai K, Takeda M, Okamoto I, Nakagawa K, Nishio K. Multiple regulatory mechanisms of hepatocyte growth factor expression in malignant cells with a short poly(dA) sequence in the HGF gene promoter. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:405-410. [PMID: 25436000 PMCID: PMC4246610 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression is a poor prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Expression levels of HGF have been reported to be regulated by shorter poly(dA) sequences in the promoter region. In the present study, the poly(dA) mononucleotide tract in various types of human cancer cell lines was examined and compared with the HGF expression levels in those cells. Short deoxyadenosine repeat sequences were detected in five of the 55 cell lines used in the present study. The H69, IM95, CCK-81, Sui73 and H28 cells exhibited a truncated poly(dA) sequence in which the number of poly(dA) repeats was reduced by ≥5 bp. Two of the cell lines exhibited high HGF expression, determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The CCK-81, Sui73 and H28 cells with shorter poly(dA) sequences exhibited low HGF expression. The cause of the suppression of HGF expression in the CCK-81, Sui73 and H28 cells was clarified by two approaches, suppression by methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HGF gene. Exposure to 5-Aza-dC, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1, induced an increased expression of HGF in the CCK-81 cells, but not in the other cells. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs72525097 in intron 1 was detected in the Sui73 and H28 cells. Taken together, it was found that the defect of poly(dA) in the HGF promoter was present in various types of cancer, including lung, stomach, colorectal, pancreas and mesothelioma. The present study proposes the negative regulation mechanisms by methylation and SNP in intron 1 of HGF for HGF expression in cancer cells with short poly(dA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukoka, Kyushu 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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35
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Satoyoshi R, Aiba N, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Tanaka M. Tks5 activation in mesothelial cells creates invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3176-87. [PMID: 25088196 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scirrhous gastric cancer is frequently associated with peritoneal dissemination, and the interaction of cancer cells with peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is crucial for the establishment of the metastasis in the peritoneum. Although cells derived from PMCs are detected within tumors of peritoneal carcinomatosis, how PMCs are incorporated into tumor architecture is not understood. The present study shows that PMCs create the invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis, which depends on activation of Tks5 in PMCs. In peritoneal tumor implants, PMCs represent majority of cells located at the invasive edge of the cancer tissue. Exogenously implanted PMCs and host PMCs aggressively invade into abdominal wall upon the peritoneal inoculation of cancer cells, and PMCs locate ahead of cancer cells in the direction of invasion. Tks5, a substrate of Src kinase, is predominantly expressed in the PMCs of cancer tissue, and promotes the invasion of PMCs and cancer cells. Expression and activation of Tks5 was induced in PMCs following their exposure to gastric cancer cells, and increased Tks5 expression was detected in PMCs located at the invasion front. Reduced Tks5 expression in PMCs blocked PMC invasion, which in turn prevents cancer cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo. The peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer was significantly increased by mixing cancer cells and PMCs, and was suppressed by knockdown of Tks5 in PMCs. These results suggest that cancer-activated PMCs create invasion front by guiding cancer cells. Signaling leading to Tks5 activation in PMCs may be a suitable therapeutic target for prevention of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Satoyoshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - N Aiba
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - K Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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36
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Naito Y, Yasuno K, Tagawa H, Sakamoto N, Oue N, Yashiro M, Sentani K, Goto K, Shinmei S, Oo HZ, Yanagihara K, Hirakawa K, Yasui W. MicroRNA-145 is a potential prognostic factor of scirrhous type gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1720-6. [PMID: 25051317 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In particular, scirrhous type GC is highly metastatic and is characterized clinically by rapid disease progression and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. We previously demonstrated by microarray analysis that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is one of the more highly expressed miRNAs in scirrhous type GC vs. non-scirrhous types of GC. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-145 in scirrhous type GC. The expression levels of miR-145 assessed by quantitative RT-PCR were higher in scirrhous type GC tissue samples than in non-scirrhous type GC and corresponding normal tissues. GC patients with high miR-145 expression were at a more advanced tumor stage (P=0.0156) and had more scirrhous type histology (P=0.0054) than those with low miR-145 expression. Furthermore, miR-145 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in GC patients (P=0.0438). miR-145 expression was localized in stromal fibroblasts of scirrhous type GC but not in cancer cells. miR-145 was induced by treatment by transforming growth factor-β, and it enhanced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblasts, in both normal gastric fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts. These data suggest that miR-145 may contribute to the progression of scirrhous type GC by regulating activation of peri-tumoral fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Naito
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yasuno
- Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tagawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shinmei
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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37
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Oo HZ, Sentani K, Sakamoto N, Anami K, Naito Y, Uraoka N, Oshima T, Yanagihara K, Oue N, Yasui W. Overexpression of ZDHHC14 promotes migration and invasion of scirrhous type gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:403-10. [PMID: 24807047 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scirrhous type gastric cancer is highly aggressive and has a poorer prognosis than many other types of gastric carcinoma, due to its characteristic rapid cancer cell infiltration and proliferation, extensive stromal fibrosis, and frequent peritoneal dissemination. The aim of the present study was to identify novel prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for scirrhous type gastric cancer. We reviewed a list of genes with upregulated expression in scirrhous type gastric cancer and compared their expression with that in normal stomach from our previous Escherichia coli (E. coli) ampicillin secretion-trap (CAST) analysis. We focused on the ZDHHC14 gene, which encodes zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 14 protein. qRT-PCR analysis of ZDHHC14 in 41 gastric cancer cases revealed that compared to mRNA levels in normal non-neoplastic gastric mucosa, ZDHHC14 mRNA was overexpressed in 27% of gastric cancer tissue samples. The overexpression of ZDHHC14 was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion, undifferentiated histology and scirrhous pattern. The invasiveness of ZDHHC14-knockdown HSC-44PE and 44As3 gastric cancer cells was decreased in comparison with that of the negative control siRNA-transfected cells, together with downregulation of MMP-17 mRNA. Integrins α5 and β1 were also downregulated in ZDHHC14-knockdown 44As3 cells. Forced expression of ZDHHC14 activated gastric cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. These results indicate that ZDHHC14 is involved in tumor progression in patients with scirrhous type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Anami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yutaka Naito
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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38
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Marked antitumor effect of NK012, a SN-38-incorporating micelle formulation, in a newly developed mouse model of liver metastasis resulting from gastric cancer. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:129-38. [PMID: 24483192 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer with liver metastasis (LM) is associated with poor prognosis due to rapid progression. It is, therefore, important to develop a quantitative and highly reproducible animal model of LM using human gastric cancer cells. METHODS Cells of a human gastric cancer cell line, HSC-57, were injected into the portal vein to produce LMs. Cells from some of these metastatic foci were expanded in vitro and subsequently implanted into the portal veins of mice. This procedure was repeated nine times. The antitumor effects of CPT-11 and NK012 were compared using the LM model. RESULTS The potent metastatic clone 57L9 was obtained. NK012 exerted a stronger antitumor effect than CPT-11 against 57L9 cells integrated with the luciferase gene (57L9Luc). The survival rates on day 131 in the 57L9Luc mouse model were 100% and 0% for the NK012 and CPT-11 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION This 57L9Luc LM model was found to be useful for monitoring the responses to NK012 and CPT-11.
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Hosoda F, Arai Y, Okada N, Shimizu H, Miyamoto M, Kitagawa N, Katai H, Taniguchi H, Yanagihara K, Imoto I, Inazawa J, Ohki M, Shibata T. Integrated genomic and functional analyses reveal glyoxalase I as a novel metabolic oncogene in human gastric cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:1196-206. [PMID: 24662817 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are good guideposts when hunting for cancer-related genes. We analyzed copy number alterations of 163 primary gastric cancers using array-based comparative genomic hybridization and simultaneously performed a genome-wide integrated analysis of copy number and gene expression using microarray data for 58 tumors. We showed that chromosome 6p21 amplification frequently occurred secondary to ERBB2 amplification, was associated with poorer prognosis and caused overexpression of half of the genes mapped. A comprehensive small interfering RNA knockdown of 58 genes overexpressed in tumors identified 32 genes that reduced gastric cancer cell growth. Enforced expression of 16 of these genes promoted cell growth in vitro, and six genes showing more than two-fold activity conferred tumor-forming ability in vivo. Among these six candidates, GLO1, encoding a detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase I (GLO1), exhibited the strongest tumor-forming activity. Coexpression of other genes with GLO1 enhanced growth-stimulating activity. A GLO1 inhibitor, S-p-bromobenzyl glutathione cyclopentyl diester, inhibited the growth of two-thirds of 24 gastric cancer cell lines examined. The efficacy was found to be associated with the mRNA expression ratio of GLO1 to GLO2, encoding glyoxalase II (GLO2), another constituent of the glyoxalase system. GLO1 downregulation affected cell growth through inactivating central carbon metabolism and reduced the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1. Our study demonstrates that GLO1 is a novel metabolic oncogene of the 6p21 amplicon, which promotes tumor growth and aberrant transcriptional signals via regulating cellular metabolic activities for energy production and could be a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hosoda
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Arai
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Okada
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Shimizu
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Miyamoto
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kitagawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Katai
- Division of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Taniguchi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - I Imoto
- 1] Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Human Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - J Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ohki
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamaguchi H, Takanashi M, Yoshida N, Ito Y, Kamata R, Fukami K, Yanagihara K, Sakai R. Saracatinib impairs the peritoneal dissemination of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells resistant to Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:528-36. [PMID: 24612061 PMCID: PMC4317844 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric carcinomas (DGC) exhibit more aggressive progression and poorer prognosis than intestinal-type and other gastric carcinomas. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we examined protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a panel of DGC and other gastric cancer cell lines. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly enhanced or altered in DGC cell lines compared with that in other gastric cancer cell lines. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins identified Met as a protein that is preferentially expressed and phosphorylated in DGC cell lines. Unexpectedly, Met inhibitors blocked cell growth, Met downstream signaling and peritoneal dissemination in vivo in only a subset of cell lines that exhibited remarkable overexpression of Met. Likewise, only cell lines with overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) or phosphorylation of FRS2 were sensitive to an FGFR2 inhibitor. A Src inhibitor saracatinib impaired growth in cell lines that are insensitive to both Met and FGFR2 inhibitors. Saracatinib also effectively impaired peritoneal dissemination of Met-independent and FGFR2-independent SGC cells. Moreover, DGC cell lines exhibited nearly mutually exclusive susceptibility to Met, FGFR and Src inhibitors. These results suggest that DGC have distinct sensitivities to molecular target drugs and that targeting Src is beneficial in the treatment of DGC insensitive to Met and FGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Yamaguchi H, Yoshida N, Takanashi M, Ito Y, Fukami K, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Sakai R. Stromal fibroblasts mediate extracellular matrix remodeling and invasion of scirrhous gastric carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85485. [PMID: 24427313 PMCID: PMC3888433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scirrhous gastric carcinoma (SGC) has the worst prognosis of all gastric cancers, owing to its rapid expansion by invasion and frequent peritoneal dissemination. Due to the increased proliferation of stromal fibroblasts (SFs) that occurs within SGC lesions and the peritoneal metastatic sites, SFs have been proposed to support the progression of this disease. However, the biological and molecular basis and the pathological role of the intercellular interaction between SGC cells and SFs remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of SFs in the invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by SGC cells. When SGC cells were cocultured with SFs derived from SGC tissue on three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel, they were attracted together to form large cellular aggregates that invaded within the Matrigel. Time-lapse imaging revealed that this process was associated with extensive contraction and remodeling of the ECM. Immunofluorescence and biochemical analysis showed that SGC cells stimulate phosphorylation of myosin light chain and actomyosin-mediated mechanical remodeling of the ECM by SFs. By utilizing this assay system for inhibitor library screening, we have identified several inhibitors that potently suppress the cooperation between SGC cells and SFs to form the invasive structures. Among them, a Src inhibitor dasatinib impaired the interaction between SGC cells and SFs both in vitro and in vivo and effectively blocked peritoneal dissemination of SGC cells. These results indicate that SFs mediate mechanical remodeling of the ECM by SGC cells, thereby promoting invasion and peritoneal dissemination of SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nachi Yoshida
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Takanashi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuumi Ito
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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42
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Yanagihara K, Takigahira M, Mihara K, Kubo T, Morimoto C, Morita Y, Terawaki K, Uezono Y, Seyama T. Inhibitory effects of isoflavones on tumor growth and cachexia in newly established cachectic mouse models carrying human stomach cancers. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:578-89. [PMID: 23659450 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.776089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia, a negative prognostic factor, worsens a patient's quality of life. We established 2 novel cachexia models with the human stomach cancer cell line MKN-45, which was subcloned to produce potent cachexia-inducing cells by repeating the xenografts in immune-deficient mice. After subsequent xenografts, we isolated potent cachexia-inducing cells (MKN45cl85 and 85As2mLuc). Xenografts of MKN45cl85 cells in mice led to substantial weight loss and reduced adipose tissue and musculature volumes, whereas xenografts of 85As2mLuc cells resulted in highly metastatic and cachectic mice. Surgical removal of tumor tissues helped the mice regain body-weight in both mouse models. In vitro studies using these cells showed that isoflavones reduced their proliferation, implying that the isoflavones possess antiproliferative effects of these cancer cell lines. Isoflavone treatment on the models induced tumor cytostasis, attenuation of cachexia, and prolonged survival whereas discontinuation of the treatment resulted in progressive tumor growth and weight loss. The inhibitory effects of tumor growth and weight loss by isoflavones were graded as soy isoflavone aglycone AglyMax > daidzein > genistein. These results demonstrated that the 2 novel cachectic mouse models appear useful for analyzing the mechanism of cancer cachexia and monitoring the efficacy of anticachectic agents.
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43
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Hashimoto Y, Akiyama Y, Yuasa Y. Multiple-to-multiple relationships between microRNAs and target genes in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62589. [PMID: 23667495 PMCID: PMC3648557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as transcriptional regulators and play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis. According to miRNA target databases, one miRNA may regulate many genes as its targets, while one gene may be targeted by many miRNAs. These findings indicate that relationships between miRNAs and their targets may not be one-to-one. However, many reports have described only a one-to-one, one-to-multiple or multiple-to-one relationship between miRNA and its target gene in human cancers. Thus, it is necessary to determine whether or not a combination of some miRNAs would regulate multiple targets and be involved in carcinogenesis. To find some groups of miRNAs that may synergistically regulate their targets in human gastric cancer (GC), we re-analyzed our previous miRNA expression array data and found that 50 miRNAs were up-regulated on treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in a GC cell line. The “TargetScan” miRNA target database predicted that some of these miRNAs have common target genes. We also referred to the GEO database for expression of these common target genes in human GCs, which might be related to gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we analyzed two miRNA combinations, miR-224 and -452, and miR-181c and -340. Over-expression of both miRNA combinations dramatically down-regulated their target genes, DPYSL2 and KRAS, and KRAS and MECP2, respectively. These miRNA combinations synergistically decreased cell proliferation upon transfection. Furthermore, we revealed that these miRNAs were down-regulated through promoter hypermethylation in GC cells. Thus, it is likely that the relationships between miRNAs and their targets are not one-to-one but multiple-to-multiple in GCs, and that these complex relationships may be related to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yuasa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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44
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Tanaka T, Nakamura J, Kitajima Y, Kai K, Miyake S, Hiraki M, Ide T, Koga Y, Noshiro H. Loss of trefoil factor 1 is regulated by DNA methylation and is an independent predictive factor for poor survival in advanced gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:894-902. [PMID: 23291975 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer. However, the role of TFF1 expression and its regulation in gastric cancer patients remain unclear. The aims of this study were to clarify the clinical significance of TFF1 and to determine its regulatory mechanisms. We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of TFF1 in 182 gastric cancer patients and examined whether or not TFF1 is associated with the clinicopathological factors and patient survival. In vitro study using TFF1 knockdown gastric cancer cells evaluated the role of TFF1 in cancer invasion. Bisulfite sequencing was performed to assess DNA methylation of TFF1 in cells and resected tissues. Patients with low expression of TFF1 showed a significantly deeper invasion of the tumor than those with high expression (p=0.037). Low expression of TFF1 was also associated with a poor survival (p=0.029) in 108 patients who were treated by surgery alone. Both TFF1 expression and lymph node metastasis are independent predictive factors for disease-specific survival in a multivariate analysis. In an in vitro study, invasive power of the cells was significantly increased in the TFF1‑deficient cells compared with the control cells. Bisulfate sequencing showed that TFF1 expression is strongly dependent on DNA methylation in both gastric cancer cells and tissues. Interestingly, methylation status of two specific CpG sites, which are located close to a TATA box and hypoxia response element (HRE), determined the TFF1 expression in the resected tissues. TFF1 expression is silenced by DNA methylation and is associated with tumor invasion and a poor survival in gastric cancer patients. The expression and̸or methylation status of TFF1 may, therefore, serve as a useful biomarker for predicting survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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45
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Naito Y, Oue N, Hinoi T, Sakamoto N, Sentani K, Ohdan H, Yanagihara K, Sasaki H, Yasui W. Reg IV is a direct target of intestinal transcriptional factor CDX2 in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47545. [PMID: 23133598 PMCID: PMC3487720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
REG4, which encodes Reg IV protein, is a member of the calcium-dependent lectin superfamily and potent activator of the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt/activator protein-1 signaling pathway. Several human cancers overexpress Reg IV, and Reg IV expression is associated with intestinal phenotype differentiation. However, regulation of REG4 transcription remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether CDX2 regulates Reg IV expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Expression of Reg IV and CDX2 was analyzed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in 9 GC cell lines and 2 colon cancer cell lines. The function of the 5′-flanking region of the REG4 gene was characterized by luciferase assay. In 9 GC cell lines, endogenous Reg IV and CDX2 expression were well correlated. Using an estrogen receptor-regulated form of CDX2, rapid induction of Reg IV expression was observed in HT-29 cells. Reporter gene assays revealed an important role in transcription for consensus CDX2 DNA binding elements in the 5′-flanking region of the REG4 gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CDX2 binds directly to the 5′-flanking region of REG4. These results indicate that CDX2 protein directly regulates Reg IV expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Naito
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ureshino H, Murakami Y, Watari K, Izumi H, Kawahara A, Kage M, Arao T, Nishio K, Yanagihara K, Kinoshita H, Kuwano M, Ono M. N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) promotes metastasis of human scirrhous gastric cancer cells through epithelial mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41312. [PMID: 22844455 PMCID: PMC3402489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study demonstrated that higher expression of N-myc downregulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is closely correlated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. In this study, we asked whether NDRG1 has pivotal roles in malignant progression including metastasis of gastric cancer cells. By gene expression microarray analysis expression of NDRG1 showed the higher increase among a total of 3691 up-regulated genes in a highly metastatic gastric cancer cell line (58As1) than their parental low metastatic counterpart (HSC-58). The highly metastatic cell lines showed decreased expression of E-cadherin, together with enhanced expression of vimentin and Snail. This decreased expression of E-cadherin was restored by Snail knockdown in highly metastatic cell lines. We next established stable NDRG1 knockdown cell lines (As1/Sic50 and As1/Sic54) from the highly metastatic cell line, and both of these cell lines showed enhanced expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin and Snail. And also, E-cadherin promoter-driven luciferase activity was found to be increased by NDRG1 knockdown in the highly metastatic cell line. NDRG1 knockdown in gastric cancer cell showed suppressed invasion of cancer cells into surround tissues, suppressed metastasis to the peritoneum and decreased ascites accumulation in mice with significantly improved survival rates. This is the first study to demonstrate that NDRG1 plays its pivotal role in the malignant progression of gastric cancer through epithelial mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ureshino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tokuzo Arao
- Department of Genome Biology, School of Medicine, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, School of Medicine, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hisafumi Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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47
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Suzuki M, Narita M, Ashikawa M, Furuta S, Matoba M, Sasaki H, Yanagihara K, Terawaki K, Suzuki T, Uezono Y. Changes in the melanocortin receptors in the hypothalamus of a rat model of cancer cachexia. Synapse 2012; 66:747-51. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Establishment and characterization of six human gastric carcinoma cell lines, including one naturally infected with Epstein-Barr virus. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:127-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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49
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Ono H, Hiraoka N, Lee YS, Woo SM, Lee WJ, Choi IJ, Saito A, Yanagihara K, Kanai Y, Ohnami S, Chiwaki F, Sasaki H, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Saeki N. Prostate stem cell antigen, a presumable organ-dependent tumor suppressor gene, is down-regulated in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:30-41. [PMID: 21936014 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is relatively rare but has a high mortality rate. One candidate molecule which might be involved in GBC development is prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface antigen with a tissue-specific pattern of expression in the epithelium of several organs, such as the prostate, stomach, bladder, and gallbladder. It is up-regulated in a number of cancers including prostate, urinary bladder, and pancreatic cancers, while it is down-regulated in esophageal and gastric cancers, suggesting that PSCA has an oncogenic activity in the former but a tumor suppressor activity in the latter. However, the precise function of PSCA and the regulatory mechanism for its expression in normal and cancer cells are yet to be determined. In this study, immunohistochemical analyses with a specific antibody revealed that PSCA is down-regulated in non-neoplastic gallbladder lesions such as cholesterolosis, cholecystolithiasis, and cholecystitis (9/17; 53%), and also in adenocarcinoma (40/44; 91%), a common neoplasm in gallbladder. Analyses of the DNA methylation status in the GBC cell lines by bisulfite-Pyrosequencing and a reporter assay for the PSCA promoter activity suggested that the down-regulation is explained, at least partly, by DNA methylation. Moreover, colony formation assay revealed that PSCA has cell-proliferation inhibition activity in the GBC cell lines, which was also observed in vivo. These lines of in vivo and in vitro evidence suggest that PSCA is acting as a tumor suppressor in GBC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Ono
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Takei Y, Takigahira M, Mihara K, Tarumi Y, Yanagihara K. The metastasis-associated microRNA miR-516a-3p is a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting peritoneal dissemination of human scirrhous gastric cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 71:1442-53. [PMID: 21169410 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although aberrant microRNA (miRNA) is expressed in different types of human cancer tissues, its pathophysiologic role and the relevance of tumorigenesis and metastasis are still largely unknown. Here, we defined miRNAs involved in cancer metastasis (metastamirs) using an established mouse model for peritoneal dissemination of human scirrhous gastric carcinoma cells. Highly metastatic derivatives (44As3 cells) were derived from the parental cells originally isolated from patients (HSC-44PE cells). Using microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in 44As3 and HSC-44PE cells, we focused on miR-516a-3p as a candidate antimetastatic miRNA (antimetastamir) whose functions in cancer had not been studied. We confirmed attenuated expression of miR-516a-3p in 44As3 cells compared with HSC-44PE cells by Northern blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Stable ectopic overexpression in 44As3-miR-516a-3p cells permitted identification of sulfatase 1 as a direct target of the miRNA, through use of the isobaric tagging reagent iTRAQ and the QSTAR Elite Hybrid LC-MS/MS system. Sulfatase 1 is known to remove 6-O-sulfates from heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface, causing release of membrane-bound Wnt ligands from cells. Consistent with this function, Western blot analyses revealed high levels of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and nuclear β-catenin accumulation in 44As3 cells but relatively reduced levels in 44As3-miR-516a-3p cells. Notably, orthotopic inoculation of nude mice with 44As3-miR-516a-3p cells yielded significantly longer survival periods compared with mice inoculated with control 44As3 cells. Through atelocollagen-mediated delivery of an miR-516a-3p expression vector into orthotopic 44As3 tumors, we documented its feasibility as a treatment agent. Our findings define the miRNA miR-516-3p as an antimetastamir with potential therapeutic applications in blocking metastatic dissemination of gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Biochemistry and Division of Disease Models, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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