1
|
Mohan CD, Shanmugam MK, Gowda SGS, Chinnathambi A, Rangappa KS, Sethi G. c-MET pathway in human malignancies and its targeting by natural compounds for cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155379. [PMID: 38503157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is classically activated by HGF to activate its downstream signaling cascades such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and STAT3. The c-MET modulates cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, morphogenesis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The c-MET has been shown to serve a prominent role in embryogenesis and early development. The c-MET pathway is deregulated in a broad range of malignancies, due to overexpression of ligands or receptors, genomic amplification, and MET mutations. The link between the deregulation of c-MET signaling and tumor progression has been well-documented. Overexpression or overactivation of c-MET is associated with dismal clinical outcomes and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Since c-MET activation results in the triggering of oncogenic pathways, abrogating the c-MET pathway is considered to be a pivotal strategy in cancer therapeutics. Herein, an analysis of role of the c-MET pathway in human cancers and its relevance in bone metastasis and therapeutic resistance has been undertaken. Also, an attempt has been made to summarize the inhibitory activity of selected natural compounds towards c-MET signaling in cancers. METHODS The publications related to c-MET pathway in malignancies and its natural compound modulators were obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and summarized based on PRISMA guidelines. Some of the keywords used for extracting relevant literature are c-MET, natural compound inhibitors of c-MET, c-MET in liver cancer, c-MET in breast cancer, c-MET in lung cancer, c-MET in pancreatic cancer, c-MET in head and neck cancer, c-MET in bone metastasis, c-MET in therapeutic resistance, and combination of c-MET inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. The chemical structure of natural compounds was verified in PubChem database. RESULTS The search yielded 3935 publications, of which 195 reference publications were used for our analysis. Clinical trials were referenced using ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. The c-MET pathway has been recognized as a prominent target to combat the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in cancers. The key role of the c-MET in bone metastasis as well as therapeutic resistance has been elaborated. Also, suppressive effect of selected natural compounds on the c-MET pathway in clinical/preclinical studies has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | | | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim J, Lee TS, Lee MH, Cho IR, Ryu JK, Kim YT, Lee SH, Paik WH. Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Targeting the HGF/c-MET Pathway: The MEK Inhibitor Trametinib. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1056. [PMID: 38473413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by fibrosis/desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment, which is primarily mediated by pancreatic stellate cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. HGF/c-MET signaling, which is instrumental in embryonic development and wound healing, is also implicated for its mitogenic and motogenic properties. In pancreatic cancer, this pathway, along with its downstream signaling pathways, is associated with disease progression, prognosis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and other tumor-related factors. Other features of the microenvironment in pancreatic cancer with the HGF/c-MET pathway include hypoxia, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the urokinase plasminogen activator positive feed-forward loop. All these attributes critically influence the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, targeting the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway appears promising for the development of innovative drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment. One of the primary downstream effects of c-MET activation is the MAPK/ERK (Ras, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK) signaling cascade, and MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors have demonstrated therapeutic value in RAS-mutant melanoma and lung cancer. Trametinib is a selective MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor, and it has evolved as a pivotal therapeutic agent targeting the MAPK/ERK pathway in various malignancies, including BRAF-mutated melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and thyroid cancer. The drug's effectiveness increases when combined with agents like BRAF inhibitors. However, resistance remains a challenge, necessitating ongoing research to counteract the resistance mechanisms. This review offers an in-depth exploration of the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway, trametinib's mechanism, clinical applications, combination strategies, and future directions in the context of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In Rae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu H, Wu D, Xiao M, Lei Y, Lei Y, Yu X, Shi S. PP2A complex disruptor SET prompts widespread hypertranscription of growth-essential genes in the pancreatic cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6633. [PMID: 38277454 PMCID: PMC10816699 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the oncogenic transcription reflects the epigenetic plasticity of the cancer cells. Su(var)3-9, enhancer of zeste, Trithorax (SET) was described as a nuclear factor that stimulated transcription from the chromatin template. However, the mechanisms of SET-dependent transcription are unknown. Here, we found that overexpression of SET and CDK9 induced very similar transcriptome signatures in multiple cancer cell lines. SET localized in the transcription start site (TSS)-proximal regions and supported the RNA transcription. SET specifically bound the PP2A-C subunit and induced PP2A-A subunit repulsion from the C subunit, which indicated the role of SET as a PP2A-A/C complex disruptor in the TSS-proximal regions. Through blocking PP2A activity, SET assisted CDK9 to maintain Pol II CTD phosphorylation and activated mRNA transcription. Our findings position SET as a key factor that modulates chromatin PP2A activity, promoting the oncogenic transcription in the pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingming Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Yalan Lei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schito L, Rey-Keim S. Hypoxia signaling and metastatic progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:42-49. [PMID: 37926346 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of oxygen homeostasis, resulting from an imbalance between O2 supply and demand during malignant proliferation, leads to the development of hypoxic tumor microenvironments that promote the acquisition of aggressive cancer cell phenotypes linked to metastasis and patient mortality. In this review, the mechanistic links between tumor hypoxia and metastatic progression are presented. Current status and perspectives of targeting hypoxia signaling pathways as a strategy to halt cancer cell metastatic activities are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Schito
- UCD School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin D04 C7X2, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 C7X2, Ireland.
| | - Sergio Rey-Keim
- UCD School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin D04 C7X2, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 C7X2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alhazzani K, Alsahli M, Alanazi AZ, Algahtani M, Alenezi AA, Alhoshani A, Alqinyah M, Alhamed AS, Alhosaini K. Augmented antitumor effects of erlotinib and cabozantinib on A549 non-small cell lung cancer: In vitro and in vivo studies. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101756. [PMID: 37705877 PMCID: PMC10495648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma is a challenging disease worldwide. This study aims to determine whether combining erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with cabozantinib, a mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) inhibitor, would have an augmented therapeutic benefit on A549 cells. The combination of erlotinib and cabozantinib (5 µM) inhibited A549 cell viability compared to each monotherapy at ≥ 10 µM as confirmed by the MTT assay. Combination therapy also has a more potent inhibition of cellular migration than monotherapy using the wound-healing assay. Furthermore, mRNA expression analyses for assessing apoptosis, metastasis, and cell cycle-related genes, the results showed that combination therapy significantly inhibits levels of BCL-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and TGF-β while inducing p53, p21, and BAX expression. In terms of oncogenic markers, western blotting analysis showed a significant reduction of BCl-2 expression and elevation in caspase3, p53, and p21 proteins as indicators of cell death via apoptosis. The antitumor in vivo effect of the combination therapy showed significant tumor inhibition compared to monotherapy. In conclusion, combination therapy could be a potential promising strategy to treat non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alsahli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Cao K, Xiang J, Zhang M, Zhu M, Xi Q. Hypoxia induces immunosuppression, metastasis and drug resistance in pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2023; 571:216345. [PMID: 37558084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive system and is known as the "king of cancers". It is extremely difficult to diagnose at an early stage, the disease progresses rapidly, and the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is poor, so the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is very poor. Numerous studies have suggested that hypoxia is closely related to the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inadequate blood supply and desmoplasia in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer can result in its extreme hypoxia. This hypoxic microenvironment can further contribute to angiogenesis and desmoplasia. Hypoxia is mediated by the complex hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and plays an important role in the formation of a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment and the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Further work on the hypoxic microenvironment will help clarify the specific mechanisms of the role of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer and provide a basis for the realization of hypoxia-targeted therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kailei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingrong Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinhua Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Correlation between hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188869. [PMID: 36842767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very deadly and difficult to treat. The presence of hypoxia has been shown to increase the probability of cancer developing and spreading. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC) has traditionally viewed a highly lethal form of cancer due to its high occurrence of early metastases. Desmoplasia/stroma is often thick and collagenous, with pancreatic stellate cells as the primary source (PSCs). Cancer cells and other stromal cells interact with PSCs, promoting disease development. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway have been proposed as a growth factor mechanism mediating this interaction. Human growth factor (HGF) is secreted by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and its receptor, c-MET, is generated by pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. Hypoxia is frequent in malignant tumors, particularly pancreatic (PC). Hypoxia results from limitless tumor development and promotes survival, progression, and invasion. Hypoxic is becoming a critical driver and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer as its hypoxia microenvironment is defined. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology show that hypoxia promotes tumor proliferation, aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) stabilize hypoxia signaling. Hypoxia cMet is a key component of pancreatic tumor microenvironments, which also have a fibrotic response, that hypoxia, promotes and modulates. c-Met is a tyrosine-protein kinase. As describe it simply, the MET gene in humans' codes for a protein called hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). Most cancerous tumors and pancreatic cancer in particular, suffer from a lack of oxygen (PC). Due to unrestrained tumor development, hypoxia develops, actively contributing to tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the processes by which hypoxia signaling promotes invasion and metastasis become clear, c-MET has emerged as an important determinant of pancreatic cancer malignancy and a potential pharmacological target. This manuscript provides the most current findings on the role of hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tokarski M, Cierzniak A, Baczynska D. Role of hypoxia on microRNA-dependant regulation of HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway in human progenitor and mature endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106310. [PMID: 36182093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is considered to be one of the key pro-angiogenic cytokines that stimulates endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate. The activation of the precursor form of HGF is primarily undertaken by the serine protease HGFA. Research indicates that HIF-1α hypoxia stimulates the expression of HGFA, which is synthesized by a range of cells including fibroblasts, endothelium, and macrophages. To date, little is known about the potential role of epigenetic factors in the regulation of the HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway. The literature suggests that there are several microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) directly affecting the expression of c-Met under normoxic conditions. The main objective of the research described was to explore the effect of chemically-induced hypoxia on the expression of miRNA molecules in human progenitor and mature endothelial cells, with particulate attention paid to those miRNAs that may specifically affect the HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway. This publication sheds new light on the role of miRNAs in hypoxia, as well as identifying several miRNAs directly involved in the regulation of HGFA, HGF and c-Met expression in hypoxic conditions. The results indicate that hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-425-5p and hsa-miR-101-3p are the major miRNAs that appear to play an important role in the regulation of the HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miron Tokarski
- Department of Molecular Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 52, Wrocław 50-369, Poland.
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Molecular Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 52, Wrocław 50-369, Poland
| | - Dagmara Baczynska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wrocław 50-556, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu X, Wang J, Jin X, Chen Y, Hu L, Zhao J. Construction and evaluation of a prognostic risk assessment model of gastric cancer by using hypoxia features. Mutat Res 2022; 825:111795. [PMID: 36049301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mRNA expression of gastric cancer tissue and clinical data of patients in TCGA-STAD dataset were used, together with the hypoxia-related gene sets in the MsigDB database, to screen hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GC. Thereafter, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out on hypoxia-related DEGs. The optimal feature genes related to prognosis were obtained to construct a prognostic risk assessment model. According to the model, the riskScore of GC patients was measured, and GC samples were assigned into high- and low-risk groups in accordance with the median riskScore. Based on the Kaplan-Meier curve and Receiver operating characteristic curve, validity of the prognostic risk assessment model was measured. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on the two risk groups through Gene set enrichment analysis software. The results revealed that in the high-risk group, 9 signaling pathways were remarkably activated in several terms, like focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, Cell adhesion molecules cams, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. In combination with riskScore and clinical factors, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses verified the independence of the model. Meanwhile, a nomogram was constructed to predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of GC patients. The calibration curve indicated that the survival status predicted by the nomogram fitted better with actual survival status. On the whole, the prognostic risk model of GC on the basis of hypoxia-related genes demonstrated good predictive ability. It can provide more powerful technical support for clinicians to make prognostic determination and therapeutic plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xueying Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Assistant Researcher, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai 200231, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamada S, Matsumoto R, Masamune A. HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020411. [PMID: 35053572 PMCID: PMC8773475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer progression involves interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in harsh tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Clinically, cancer cells overcome therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to continue to survive. Activation of the adaptation mechanism is required for cancer cell survival under these conditions, and it also contributes to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. Stromal cells, especially pancreatic stellate cells, play a critical role in the formation of a cancer-promoting microenvironment. We here review the roles of key molecules, hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in stress response mechanisms for the adaptation to hypoxia and oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. Various cancer-promoting properties associated with these molecules have been identified, and they might serve as novel therapeutic targets in the future. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is intractable due to early progression and resistance to conventional therapy. Dense fibrotic stroma, known as desmoplasia, is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer, and develops through the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells. Dense stroma forms harsh tumor microenvironments characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Pancreatic cancer cells as well as pancreatic stellate cells survive in the harsh microenvironments through the altered expression of signaling molecules, transporters, and metabolic enzymes governed by various stress response mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, stress response mechanisms for hypoxia and oxidative stress, respectively, contribute to the aggressive behaviors of pancreatic cancer. These key molecules for stress response mechanisms are activated, both in pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic stellate cells. Both factors are involved in the mutual activation of cancer cells and stellate cells, by inducing cancer-promoting signals and their mediators. Therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are promising approaches for novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the roles of stress response mechanisms, focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting these molecules for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Pancreatic Cancer and Platelets Crosstalk: A Potential Biomarker and Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749689. [PMID: 34858977 PMCID: PMC8631477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been recognized as key players in hemostasis, thrombosis, and cancer. Preclinical and clinical researches evidenced that tumorigenesis and metastasis can be promoted by platelets through a wide variety of crosstalk between cancer cells and platelets. Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the relationship between pancreatic cancer and platelets in clinical diagnosis is described, the interplay between pancreatic cancer and platelets, the underlying pathological mechanism and pathways remain a matter of intensive study. This review summaries recent researches in connections between platelets and pancreatic cancer. The existing data showed different underlying mechanisms were involved in their complex crosstalk. Typically, pancreatic tumor accelerates platelet aggregation which forms thrombosis. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles released by platelets promote communication in a neoplastic microenvironment and illustrate how these interactions drive disease progression. We also discuss the advantages of novel model organoids in pancreatic cancer research. A more in-depth understanding of tumor and platelets crosstalk which is based on organoids and translational therapies may provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Estaras M, Gonzalez A. Modulation of cell physiology under hypoxia in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4582-4602. [PMID: 34366624 PMCID: PMC8326256 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, the development of vasculature is, to some extent, slower than the proliferation of the different types of cells that form the tissue, both cancer and stroma cells. As a consequence, the oxygen availability is compromised and the tissue evolves toward a condition of hypoxia. The presence of hypoxia is variable depending on where the cells are localized, being less extreme at the periphery of the tumor and more severe in areas located deep within the tumor mass. Surprisingly, the cells do not die. Intracellular pathways that are critical for cell fate such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and others are all involved in cellular responses to the low oxygen availability and are orchestrated by hypoxia-inducible factor. Oxidative stress and inflammation are critical conditions that develop under hypoxia. Together with changes in cellular bioenergetics, all contribute to cell survival. Moreover, cell-to-cell interaction is established within the tumor such that cancer cells and the microenvironment maintain a bidirectional communication. Additionally, the release of extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, represents short and long loops that can convey important information regarding invasion and metastasis. As a result, the tumor grows and its malignancy increases. Currently, one of the most lethal tumors is pancreatic cancer. This paper reviews the most recent advances in the knowledge of how cells grow in a pancreatic tumor by adapting to hypoxia. Unmasking the physiological processes that help the tumor increase its size and their regulation will be of major relevance for the treatment of this deadly tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology and Communication Research Group, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Itsuji T, Tonomura H, Ishibashi H, Mikami Y, Nagae M, Takatori R, Tanida T, Matsuda KI, Tanaka M, Kubo T. Hepatocyte growth factor regulates HIF-1α-induced nucleus pulposus cell proliferation through MAPK-, PI3K/Akt-, and STAT3-mediated signaling. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1184-1191. [PMID: 32242977 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral discs are important for maintaining mobility and offer support to the body trunk. If these discs lose their biomechanical features, lower back pain can occur. We previously reported that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis, inflammation, and matrix degradation in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of how HGF promotes the proliferation of NP cells in hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic stimulation promoted modest cell proliferation, which was further upregulated by HGF. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) protein, which contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis in NP cells, was also upregulated in hypoxia-treated cell groups; HGF further increased HIF-1α expression in NP cells. Additionally, knockdown of HIF-1α expression significantly reduced the proliferation of NP cells. An MAPK inhibitor inhibited the expression of HIF-1α and pERK, as well as cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and STAT3 pathways also decreased the expression of HIF-1α and cell proliferation. These results show that under hypoxic conditions, HGF promotes NP cell proliferation via HIF-1α-, MAPK-, PI3K/Akt-, and STAT3-mediated signaling which is involved in this pathway. The control of these signaling pathways may be a target for potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of disc degeneration in hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Itsuji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tonomura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mikami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masateru Nagae
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Takatori
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanida
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Varayathu H, Sarathy V, Thomas BE, Mufti SS, Naik R. Combination Strategies to Augment Immune Check Point Inhibitors Efficacy - Implications for Translational Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:559161. [PMID: 34123767 PMCID: PMC8193928 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.559161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. Even though it has shown a durable response in some solid tumors, several patients do not respond to these agents, irrespective of predictive biomarker (PD-L1, MSI, TMB) status. Multiple preclinical, as well as early-phase clinical studies are ongoing for combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with anti-cancer and/or non-anti-cancer drugs for beneficial therapeutic interactions. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis behind the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with other drugs currently being studied in early phase clinical studies including conventional chemotherapy drugs, metronomic chemotherapy, thalidomide and its derivatives, epigenetic therapy, targeted therapy, inhibitors of DNA damage repair, other small molecule inhibitors, anti-tumor antibodies hormonal therapy, multiple checkpoint Inhibitors, microbiome therapeutics, oncolytic viruses, radiotherapy, drugs targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, drugs targeting Tregs, drugs targeting renin-angiotensin system, drugs targeting the autonomic nervous system, metformin, etc. We also highlight how translational research strategies can help better understand the true therapeutic potential of such combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrishi Varayathu
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, HealthCare Global Enterprises Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinu Sarathy
- Department of Medical Oncology, HealthCare Global Enterprises Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Beulah Elsa Thomas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HealthCare Global Enterprises Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Suhail Sayeed Mufti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, HealthCare Global Enterprises Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Radheshyam Naik
- Department of Medical Oncology, HealthCare Global Enterprises Limited, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao HP, Tong XM, Wang MH. Oncogenic mechanism-based pharmaceutical validation of therapeutics targeting MET receptor tyrosine kinase. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211006957. [PMID: 33868463 PMCID: PMC8020248 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211006957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression and/or activation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase is
characterized by genomic recombination, gene amplification, activating mutation,
alternative exon-splicing, increased transcription, and their different
combinations. These dysregulations serve as oncogenic determinants contributing
to cancerous initiation, progression, malignancy, and stemness. Moreover,
integration of the MET pathway into the cellular signaling network as an
addiction mechanism for survival has made this receptor an attractive
pharmaceutical target for oncological intervention. For the last 20 years,
MET-targeting small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs), conventional therapeutic
monoclonal antibodies (TMABs), and antibody-based biotherapeutics such as
bispecific antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), and dual-targeting ADCs
have been under intensive investigation. Outcomes from preclinical studies and
clinical trials are mixed with certain successes but also various setbacks. Due
to the complex nature of MET dysregulation with multiple facets and underlying
mechanisms, mechanism-based validation of MET-targeting therapeutics is crucial
for the selection and validation of lead candidates for clinical trials. In this
review, we discuss the importance of various types of mechanism-based
pharmaceutical models in evaluation of different types of MET-targeting
therapeutics. The advantages and disadvantages of these mechanism-based
strategies for SMKIs, conventional TMABs, and antibody-based biotherapeutics are
analyzed. The demand for establishing new strategies suitable for validating
novel biotherapeutics is also discussed. The information summarized should
provide a pharmaceutical guideline for selection and validation of MET-targeting
therapeutics for clinical application in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Min Tong
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Network Pharmacology Interpretation of Fuzheng-Jiedu Decoction against Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4652492. [PMID: 33688358 PMCID: PMC7914091 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4652492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that the pathogenic factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are “deficiency, dampness, stasis, and toxin,” and Fuzheng–Jiedu Decoction (FJD) can resist these factors. In this study, we want to find out the potential targets and pathways of FJD in the treatment of CRC and also explain from a scientific point of view that FJD multidrug combination can resist “deficiency, dampness, stasis, and toxin.” Methods We get the composition of FJD from the TCMSP database and get its potential target. We also get the potential target of colorectal cancer according to the OMIM Database, TTD Database, GeneCards Database, CTD Database, DrugBank Database, and DisGeNET Database. Subsequently, PPI analysis, KEGG pathways analysis, and GO biological processes analysis were carried out for the target of FJD in the therapy of colorectal cancer. In addition, we have also built a relevant network diagram. Results In this study, we identified four core compounds of FJD in the therapy of colorectal cancer, including quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. At the same time, we also obtained 30 core targets, including STAT3, INS, TP53, VEGFA, AKT1, TNF, IL6, JUN, EGF, CASP3, MAPK3, MAPK1, MAPK8, SRC, IGF1, CCND1, ESR1, EGFR, PTEN, MTOR, FOS, PTGS2, CXCL8, HRAS, CDH1, BCL2L1, FN1, MMP9, ERBB2, and JAK2. FJD treatment of colorectal cancer mainly involves 112 KEGG pathways, including FoxO (hsa04068) signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt (hsa04151) signaling pathway, HIF-1 (hsa04066) signaling pathway, T cell receptor (hsa04660) signaling pathway, and ErbB (hsa04012) signaling pathway. At the same time, 330 GO biological processes were summarized, including cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune. Conclusions In this study, we found that FJD can regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and immunity, and angiogenesis through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an anti-CRC effect.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bi L, Liu Y, Yang Q, Zhou X, Li H, Liu Y, Li J, Lu Y, Tang H. Paris saponin H inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells through the A1 and A3 adenosine receptor‑mediated pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:30. [PMID: 33537802 PMCID: PMC7891836 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paris saponin H (PSH) is a type of steroid saponin derived from Rhizoma Paridis (RP; the rhizome of Paris). In our previous studies, saponins from RP exerted antiglioma activity in vitro. However, the effects of PSH on glioma have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PSH on U251 glioblastoma cells and elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. The cells were treated with PSH at various concentrations for 48 h, and the cell viability, invasion, apoptosis and cycle progression were assessed using specific assay kits. The activation of Akt, 44/42‑mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the expression levels of A1 adenosine receptor (ARA1) and ARA3 were assessed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that PSH inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Treatment of U251 cells with PSH induced the upregulation of p21 and p27, and the downregulation cyclin D1 and S‑phase kinase associated protein 2 protein expression levels, which induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. The results also demonstrated that PSH inhibited the expression of ARA1, and the agonist of ARA1, 2‑chloro‑N6‑cyclopentyladenosine, reversed the effects of PSH. Hypoxia induced increases in the ARA3, hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression levels, which were associated with the activation of the Akt and P44/42 MAPK pathways. Compared with the hypoxia group, PSH inhibited the expression levels of ARA3, HIF‑1α and VEGF, as well as the phosphorylation levels of Akt and 44/42 MAPK, and repressed HIF‑1α transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that PSH inhibited the expression of HIF‑1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and 44/42 MAPK mediated by ARA3. Taken together, these results suggested that PSH reduced U251 cell viability via the inhibition of ARA1 and ARA3 expression, and further inhibited Akt and 44/42 MAPK phosphorylation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Bi
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yunyang Lu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pothula SP, Xu Z, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Targeting HGF/c-MET Axis in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9170. [PMID: 33271944 PMCID: PMC7730415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC)) has been an aggressive disease that is associated with early metastases. It is characterized by dense and collagenous desmoplasia/stroma, predominantly produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). PSCs interact with cancer cells as well as other stromal cells, facilitating disease progression. A candidate growth factor pathway that may mediate this interaction is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway. HGF is produced by PSCs and its receptor c-MET is expressed on pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. The current review discusses the role of the MET/HGF axis in tumour progression and dissemination of pancreatic cancer. Therapeutic approaches that were developed targeting either the ligand (HGF) or the receptor (c-MET) have not been shown to translate well into clinical settings. We discuss a two-pronged approach of targeting both the components of this pathway to interrupt the stromal-tumour interactions, which may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa P. Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - David Goldstein
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Romano C. Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Jeremy S. Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Minoti V. Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qian Y, Liu F, Zhang W, Zheng X, Liao S, Lv L, Mei Z. AQP9 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion through inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression under hypoxia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1990-1997. [PMID: 32115773 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intratumor hypoxia is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Although it has been shown that AQP9 plays an important role in HCC, the relevance between hypoxia and AQP9 is still unknown. METHODS We established in vitro normoxic or hypoxic models to investigate the role of AQP9 in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-enhanced invasion of hepatoma cells. Molecular expression was detected using western blot or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell invasion ability was determined using Transwell invasion assay. In vivo xenograft experiment was used to detect the role of AQP9 on tumor growth. RESULTS Our present study revealed a decrease in the expression levels of AQP9 in hypoxic microenvironments. Overexpression of AQP9 led to a decreased expression of HIF-1α; conversely, suppression of AQP9 in HCC cells had an opposite effect. Furthermore, up-regulated AQP9 blocked the hypoxic-enhanced invasion of HCC cells. The overexpression of AQP9 inhibited the growth of tumors and HIF-1α expression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that AQP9 acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC invasion via the regulation of HIF-1α expression in the tumor hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Liu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lorenc VE, Lima e Silva R, Hackett SF, Fortmann SD, Liu Y, Campochiaro PA. Hepatocyte growth factor is upregulated in ischemic retina and contributes to retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:219-233. [PMID: 32259049 PMCID: PMC7133726 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with macular edema due to ischemic retinopathy, aqueous levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) correlate with edema severity. We tested whether HGF expression and activity in mice with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy supports a role in macular edema. In ischemic retina, HGF was increased in endogenous cells and macrophages associated with retinal neovascularization (NV). HGF activator was increased in and around retinal vessels potentially providing vascular targeting. One day after intravitreous injection of HGF, VE-cadherin was reduced and albumin levels in retina and vitreous were significantly increased indicating vascular leakage. Injection of VEGF caused higher levels of vitreous albumin than HGF, and co-injection of both growth factors caused significantly higher levels than either alone. HGF increased the number of macrophages on the retinal surface, which was blocked by anti-c-Met and abrogated in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)-/- mice. Injection of anti-c-Met significantly decreased leakage within 24 hours and after 5 days it reduced retinal NV in mice with ischemic retinopathy, but had no effect on choroidal NV. These data indicate that HGF is a pro-permeability, pro-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic factor and along with its activator is increased in ischemic retina providing support for a potential role of HGF in macular edema in ischemic retinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria E. Lorenc
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Raquel Lima e Silva
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Sean F. Hackett
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Seth D. Fortmann
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Present address:
Department of OphthalmologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Peter A. Campochiaro
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
MET targeting: time for a rematch. Oncogene 2020; 39:2845-2862. [PMID: 32034310 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MET, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor, is a proto-oncogene involved in embryonic development and throughout life in homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Deregulation of MET signaling has been reported in numerous malignancies, prompting great interest in MET targeting for cancer therapy. The present review offers a summary of the biology of MET and its known functions in normal physiology and carcinogenesis, followed by an overview of the most relevant MET-targeting strategies and corresponding clinical trials, highlighting both past setbacks and promising future prospects. By placing their efforts on a more precise stratification strategy through the genetic analysis of tumors, modern trials such as the NCI-MATCH trial could revive the past enthusiasm for MET-targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jin G, Hong W, Guo Y, Bai Y, Chen B. Molecular Mechanism of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Activation in Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1505-1515. [PMID: 32047557 PMCID: PMC6995390 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the main effector cells in the process of fibrosis, a major pathological feature in pancreatic diseases that including chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. During tumorigenesis, quiescent PSCs change into an active myofibroblast-like phenotype which could create a favorable tumor microenvironment and facilitate cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasiveness and inducing treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Many cellular signals are revealed contributing to the activation of PSCs, such as transforming growth factor-β, platelet derived growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Smads, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways and so on. Therefore, investigating the role of these factors and signaling pathways in PSCs activation will promote the development of PSCs-specific therapeutic strategies that may provide novel options for pancreatic cancer therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the current knowledge about PSCs activation-associated stimulating factors and signaling pathways and hope to provide new strategies for the treatment of pancreatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liao H, Ahmed M, Markezana A, Zeng G, Stechele M, Galun E, Goldberg SN. Thermal Ablation Induces Transitory Metastatic Growth by Means of the STAT3/c-Met Molecular Pathway in an Intrahepatic Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model. Radiology 2019; 294:464-472. [PMID: 31845846 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic protumorigenic effects have been noted after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of normal liver and have been linked to an interleukin 6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-Met)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cytokinetic pathway. Purpose To elucidate kinetics of RFA protumorigenic effects on intrahepatic metastatic implantation and growth and determine potential molecular targets for pharmacologic suppression of these effects. Materials and Methods An intrahepatic metastasis model was established by implanting CT26 and MC38 tumor cells into 216 7-8-week-old male Balb/C and C57BL6 mice, respectively, by means of splenic injection. Between June 2017 and March 2019, mice underwent tumor injection, followed 24 hours later by either standardized RFA (70°C ± 1, 5 minutes, 1-cm tip) or a sham procedure (needle placement without heating) (12 animals per arm, n = 48). Next, RFA or sham procedures were performed, followed by splenic tumor cell injection at 1 day, 3 days, or 7 days later (six animals per arm, n = 72). Finally, PHA-665752 and S3I-201 were used to block c-Met or STAT3, respectively, prior to either RFA or sham treatment (six animals per arm, n = 96). Livers were harvested at 14 days for CT26 and 21days for MC38 for tumor quantification. Ki-67 and CD34 immunohistochemistry measured proliferative indexes and microvascular density, respectively. Data were compared with analysis of variance and the two-tailed Student t test. Results RFA performed after tumor cell injection induced increased metastatic tumor number (103 ± 45 vs 52 ± 44 [CT26], P = .009 and 87 ± 51 vs 39 ± 20 [MC38], P = .007), cellular proliferation (P < .001 for both), and intratumoral neovascularization (P < .001 for both), compared with the sham procedure. Tumor cell injection performed 1 day and 3 days after RFA also increased these indexes (P < .05), while no difference was demonstrated for cell injection 7 days after RFA (P > .05). Adjuvant c-Met or STAT3 inhibition reduced intrahepatic metastatic parameters after RFA to baseline (P < .03), equivalent to the sham group (P > .05). Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation of normal liver promotes intrahepatic metastatic implantation and increased growth over a short-lived (1-3 days) temporal window in animal models. This phenomenon can be potentially neutralized with specific inhibition of pathways including hepatocyte growth factor/tyrosine-protein kinase Met and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Nikolic in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Liao
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Aurelia Markezana
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Guohua Zeng
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Eithan Galun
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (H.L., A.M., M.S., E.G., S.N.G.) and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China (H.L., G.Z.); Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jin SJ, Jin MZ, Xia BR, Jin WL. Long Non-coding RNA DANCR as an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1225. [PMID: 31799189 PMCID: PMC6874123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of numerous biological processes, especially in cancer development. Aberrantly expressed and specifically located in tumor cells, they exert distinct functions in different cancers via regulating multiple downstream targets such as chromatins, RNAs, and proteins. Differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) is a cytoplasmic lncRNA that generally works as a tumor promoter. Mechanically, DANCR promotes the functions of vital components in the oncogene network by sponging their corresponding microRNAs or by interacting with various regulating proteins. DANCR's distinct expression in tumor cells and collective involvement in pro-tumor pathways make it a promising therapeutic target for broad cancer treatment. Herein, we summarize the functions and molecular mechanism of DANCR in human cancers. Furthermore, we introduce the use of CRISPR/Cas9, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs as well as viral, lipid, or exosomal vectors for onco-lncRNA targeted treatment. Conclusively, DANCR is a considerable promoter of cancers with a bright prospect in targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jia Jin
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
SPINT2 is hypermethylated in both IDH1 mutated and wild-type glioblastomas, and exerts tumor suppression via reduction of c-Met activation. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:423-434. [PMID: 30838489 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both IDH1-mutated and wild-type gliomas abundantly display aberrant CpG island hypermethylation. However, the potential role of hypermethylation in promoting gliomas, especially the most aggressive form, glioblastoma (GBM), remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed RRBS-generated methylation profiles for 11 IDH1WT gliomas (including 7 GBMs), 24 IDH1MUT gliomas (including 6 GBMs), and 5 normal brain samples and employed TCGA GBM methylation profiles as a validation set. Upon classification of differentially methylated CpG islands by IDH1 status, we used integrated analysis of methylation and gene expression to identify SPINT2 as a top cancer related gene. To explore functional consequences of SPINT2 methylation in GBM, we validated SPINT2 methylation status using targeted bisulfite sequencing in a large cohort of GBM samples. We assessed DNA methylation-mediated SPINT2 gene regulation using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, DNMT1 knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. We conducted functional analyses of SPINT2 in GBM cell lines in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified SPINT2 as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene within a group of CpG islands (designated GT-CMG) that are hypermethylated in both IDH1MUT and IDH1WT gliomas but not in normal brain. We established that SPINT2 downregulation results from promoter hypermethylation, and that restoration of SPINT2 expression reduces c-Met activation and tumorigenic properties of GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS We defined a previously under-recognized group of coordinately methylated CpG islands common to both IDH1WT and IDH1MUT gliomas (GT-CMG). Within GT-CMG, we identified SPINT2 as a top cancer-related candidate and demonstrated that SPINT2 suppressed GBM via down-regulation of c-Met activation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zamudio-Cuevas Y, Fernández-Torres J, Martínez-Nava GA, Martínez-Flores K, Ramírez Olvera A, Medina-Luna D, Hernández Pérez AD, Landa-Solís C, López-Reyes A. Phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals by human synoviocytes induces inflammation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:344-351. [PMID: 30739483 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219830665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Gout is distinguished by an inflammatory process that is mediated by phagocytosis of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in synoviocytes by regulation of unknown mechanisms. Here we suggest that the synovial cells play a crucial role in gouty arthritis by activating inflammation by MSU uptake and increasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, and the growth factors NGF and HGF. We discuss some co-existing features in synoviocytes, including anomalous morphologies of the cells, and microvesicle formation, dysregulation in VEGF gene expression. We provide evidence that phagocytosis of MSU crystals triggers an inflammatory cellular state in synoviocytes in the pathogenesis of crystal-induced arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Landa-Solís
- 3 Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra" Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen ST, Kuo TC, Liao YY, Lin MC, Tien YW, Huang MC. Silencing of MUC20 suppresses the malignant character of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through inhibition of the HGF/MET pathway. Oncogene 2018; 37:6041-6053. [PMID: 29993037 PMCID: PMC6237765 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are heavily glycosylated proteins that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of tumour malignancies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by the aberrant expression of mucins. However, the role of mucin (MUC) 20 in PDAC remains unclear. PDAC is usually surrounded by a dense fibrotic stroma consisting of an extracellular matrix and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The stroma creates a nutrient-deprived, hypoxic, and acidic microenvironment, and promotes the malignant behaviours of PDAC cells. In this study, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that high MUC20 expression correlated with poor progression-free survival and high local recurrence rate of PDAC patients (n = 61). The expression of MUC20 was induced by serum deprivation, hypoxia, and acidic pH in PDAC cells. MUC20 knockdown with siRNA decreased cell viability, as well as migration and invasion induced by PSCs in HPAC and HPAF-II cells. In intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and orthotopic injection models, MUC20 knockdown decreased tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Phospho-RTK array and western blot analysis indicated that MUC20 knockdown decreased HGF-mediated phosphorylation of MET in PDAC cells. Moreover, HGF-induced malignant phenotypes could be suppressed by MUC20 knockdown. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed the physical association of MUC20 and MET. These findings suggest that MUC20 knockdown suppresses the malignant phenotypes of PDAC cells at least partially through the inhibition of the HGF/MET pathway and that MUC20 could act as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syue-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Liao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bahrami A, Atkin SL, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Effects of curcumin on hypoxia-inducible factor as a new therapeutic target. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:159-169. [PMID: 30315965 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that consists of two subunits, the HIF-1α and HIF-1β (ARNT). Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1 is an adaptive system that regulates the transcription of multiple genes associated with growth, angiogenesis, proliferation, glucose transport, metabolism, pH regulation and cell death. However, aberrant HIF-1 activation contributes to the pathophysiology of several human diseases such as cancer, ischemic cardiovascular disorders, and pulmonary and kidney diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that curcumin, a natural bioactive compound of turmeric root, significantly targets both HIF-1 subunits, but is more potent against HIF-1α. In this review, we have summarized the knowledge about the pharmacological effects of curcumin on HIF-1 and the related molecular mechanisms that may be effective candidates for the development of multi-targeted therapy for several human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lazzari G, Nicolas V, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Couvreur P, Mura S. Multicellular spheroid based on a triple co-culture: A novel 3D model to mimic pancreatic tumor complexity. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:296-307. [PMID: 30099198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The preclinical drug screening of pancreatic cancer treatments suffers from the absence of appropriate models capable to reproduce in vitro the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and its stiff desmoplasia. Driven by this pressing need, we describe in this paper the conception and the characterization of a novel 3D tumor model consisting of a triple co-culture of pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1), fibroblasts (MRC-5) and endothelial cells (HUVEC), which assembled to form a hetero-type multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS). By histological analyses and Selective Plain Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) we have monitored the spatial distribution of each cell type and the evolution of the spheroid composition. Results revealed the presence of a core rich in fibroblasts and fibronectin in which endothelial cells were homogeneously distributed. The integration of the three cell types enabled to reproduce in vitro with fidelity the influence of the surrounding environment on the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a scaffold-free pancreatic cancer spheroid model combining both tumor and multiple stromal components has been designed. It holds the possibility to become an advantageous tool for a pertinent assessment of the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Pancreatic tumor microenvironment is characterized by abundant fibrosis and aberrant vasculature. Aiming to reproduce in vitro these features, cancer cells have been already co-cultured with fibroblasts or endothelial cells separately but the integration of both these essential components of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in a unique system, although urgently needed, was still missing. In this study, we successfully integrated cellular and acellular microenvironment components (i.e., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, fibronectin) in a hetero-type scaffold-free multicellular tumor spheroid. This new 3D triple co-culture model closely mimicked the resistance to treatments observed in vivo, resulting in a reduction of cancer cell sensitivity to the anticancer treatment.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kanat O, Ertas H. Shattering the castle walls: Anti-stromal therapy for pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:202-210. [PMID: 30147846 PMCID: PMC6107476 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i8.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of potent chemotherapy regimens, such as 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, treatment outcomes in metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unsatisfactory. The presence of an abundant fibrous stroma in PC is considered a crucial factor for its unfavorable condition. Apparently, stroma acts as a physical barrier to restrict intratumoral cytotoxic drug penetration and creates a hypoxic environment that reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy. In addition, stroma plays a vital supportive role in the development and progression of PC, which has prompted researchers to assess the potential benefits of agents targeting several cellular (e.g., stellate cells) and acellular (e.g., hyaluronan) elements of the stroma. This study aims to briefly review the primary structural properties of PC stroma and its interaction with cancer cells and summarize the current status of anti-stromal therapies in the management of metastatic PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Kanat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ertas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cele SB, Odun-Ayo F, Onyangunga OA, Moodley J, Naicker T. Analysis of hepatocyte growth factor immunostaining in the placenta of HIV-infected normotensive versus preeclamptic pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 227:60-66. [PMID: 29886319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) plays a role in the migration and morphogenesis of different cell types and tissues. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with deficient trophoblast invasion and placental insufficiency; hence HGF production is expected to be compromised. This study therefore aimed to immunolocalize and morphometrically analyse placental HGF in normotensive versus PE pregnancies stratified by HIV status and gestational age. STUDY DESIGN Normotensive (N; n = 40) and preeclamptic (PE; n = 80) women were stratified by HIV status (HIV- and HIV+), and gestational age i.e. early onset of PE (EOPE; <34 weeks) and late onset of PE (LOPE; ≥34 weeks). Placental tissues were stained using conventional immunohistochemistry, performed using mouse anti-human HGF antibody. Morphometric image analysis was performed using Zeiss Axio-Vision software. RESULTS HGF was immuno-localized within the syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, endothelial and fibroblast-like cell populations of both conducting and exchange villi. Based on pregnancy type, HGF immunoexpression within the conducting villi was significantly different between Nvs EOPE (p = 0.0372) and EOPE vs LOPE (p = 0.0006). Within the exchange villi, no significant difference of HGF immunostaining was noted between N vs EOPE and N vs LOPE. A down-regulation of HGF immuno-expression was observed in LOPE compared to other groups within both villi types, albeit non-significant. Based on HIV status, no significant difference in HGF immuno-expression was demonstrated between HIV- vs HIV + within the exchange and conducting villi. However, the expression of HGF in HIV- group was elevated in both villi types. Across the groups, a significant difference was found between N+ vs EOPE- (p = 0.0207), EOPE+ vs LOPE- (p = 0.0036) and EOPE- vs LOPE- (p = 0.0016) of the conducting villi while no significant difference was found within the exchange villi. CONCLUSION This novel study demonstrates that HGF was two-fold higher in conducting compared to exchange villi irrespective of the pregnancy type. HIV infection does not influence HGF expression within the conducting and exchange villi. The HGF/c-MET receptor complex may modulate the ligand expression within the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Cele
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - F Odun-Ayo
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - O A Onyangunga
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - J Moodley
- Womens' Health and HIV Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - T Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thewke DP, Kou J, Fulmer ML, Xie Q. The HGF/MET Signaling and Therapeutics in Cancer. CURRENT HUMAN CELL RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7296-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
33
|
Sakugawa C, Haruyama Y, Tanaka H, Fukushima T, Kawaguchi M, Kataoka H. Prognostic significance of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) immunoreactivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:674. [PMID: 29202869 PMCID: PMC5715503 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor that is expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Evidence has suggested that decreased cell surface HAI-1 in carcinoma cells results in enhanced invasiveness. However, little is known regarding the expression of HAI-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to analyze HAI-1 expression in PDAC and its impact on patient prognosis. Results HAI-1 immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from 67 PDAC cases. HAI-1 expression was increased in intraepithelial neoplasia compared to the adjacent non-neoplastic ductal epithelium. Of the 67 samples tested, 58% (39/67) of PDAC cases showed diffuse (> 75%) immunoreactivity in PDAC cells. The remaining cases showed reduced HAI-1 immunoreactivity in a substantial number of cancer cells. Although there was no correlation between HAI-1 status and tumor size, histologic grade or lymph node metastasis, diffuse HAI-1 positive cases showed longer disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.006, log-rank test). In conclusion, HAI-1 is upregulated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and broadly expressed in PDAC cells. However, PDAC cases having areas of reduced HAI-1 immunoreactivity may show shorter DFS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3014-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Sakugawa
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Haruyama
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boromand N, Hasanzadeh M, ShahidSales S, Farazestanian M, Gharib M, Fiuji H, Behboodi N, Ghobadi N, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. Clinical and prognostic value of the C-Met/HGF signaling pathway in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4490-4496. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boromand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Marjaneh Farazestanian
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Negin Behboodi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Niloofar Ghobadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School; Division of Medical Education, Falmer; Brighton Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Wu B, Baruchel S. Oral Metronomic Topotecan Sensitizes Crizotinib Antitumor Activity in ALK F1174L Drug-Resistant Neuroblastoma Preclinical Models. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:604-611. [PMID: 28666189 PMCID: PMC5491461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib has proven to be effective in the treatment of ALK-mutated neuroblastoma, but crizotinib resistance was commonly observed in patients. We aimed to overcome crizotinib resistance by combining with the MEK inhibitor trametinib or low-dose metronomic (LDM) topotecan in preclinical neuroblastoma models. METHODS: We selected a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines carrying various ALK genetic aberrations to assess the therapeutic efficacy on cell proliferation in vitro. Downstream signals of ALK activation, including phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt as well as HIF-1α expression were evaluated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Tumor growth inhibition was further assessed in NOD/SCID xenograft mouse models. RESULTS: All NBL cell lines responded to crizotinib treatment but at variable ED50 levels, ranging from 0.25 to 5.58 μM. ALK-mutated cell lines SH-SY5Y, KELLY, LAN-5, and CHLA-20 are more sensitive than ALK wild-type cell lines. In addition, we demonstrated that under hypoxic conditions, all NBL cell lines showed marked decrease of ED50s when compared to normoxia except for KELLY cells. Taking into consideration the hypoxia sensitivity to crizotinib, combined treatment with crizotinib and LDM topotecan demonstrated a synergistic effect in ALKF1174L-mutated SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo, single-agent crizotinib showed limited antitumor activity in ALKF1174L-mutated SH-SY5Y and KELLY xenograft models; however, when combined with topotecan, significantly delayed tumor development was achieved in both SH-SY5Y and KELLY tumor models. CONCLUSIONS: Oral metronomic topotecan reversed crizotinib drug resistance in the ALKF1174L-mutated neuroblastoma preclinical model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- New Agent and Innovative Therapy Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bing Wu
- New Agent and Innovative Therapy Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baruchel
- New Agent and Innovative Therapy Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xiong A, Liu Y. Targeting Hypoxia Inducible Factors-1α As a Novel Therapy in Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:326. [PMID: 28611671 PMCID: PMC5447768 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and widespread vasculopathy, has the prominent trait of chronic hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α), a key transcriptional factor in response to this chronic hypoxia, is involved in fibrotic disease, such as Systemic sclerosis (SSc). The implicated function of HIF-1α in fibrosis include stimulation of excessive ECM, vascular remodeling, and futile angiogenesis with further exacerbation of chronic hypoxia and deteriorate pathofibrogenesis. This review will focus on the molecular biological behavior of HIF-1α in regulating progressive fibrosis. Better understanding of the role for HIF-1α-regulated pathways in fibrotic disease will accelerate development of novel therapeutic strategies that target HIF-1α. Such new therapeutic strategies may be particularly effective for treatment of the prototypic, multisystem fibrotic, autoimmune disease SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
EINHORN YARON, WEISSGLAS-VOLKOV DAPHNA, CARMI SHAI, OSTRER HARRY, FRIEDMAN EITAN, SHOMRON NOAM. Differential analysis of mutations in the Jewish population and their implications for diseases. Genet Res (Camb) 2017; 99:e3. [PMID: 28502252 PMCID: PMC6865140 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672317000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing large cohorts of ethnically homogeneous individuals yields genetic insights with implications for the entire population rather than a single individual. In order to evaluate the genetic basis of certain diseases encountered at high frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (AJP), as well as to improve variant annotation among the AJP, we examined the entire exome, focusing on specific genes with known clinical implications in 128 Ashkenazi Jews and compared these data to other non-Jewish populations (European, African, South Asian and East Asian). We targeted American College of Medical Genetics incidental finding recommended genes and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) germline cancer-related genes. We identified previously known disease-causing variants and discovered potentially deleterious variants in known disease-causing genes that are population specific or substantially more prevalent in the AJP, such as in the ATP and HGFAC genes associated with colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Additionally, we tested the advantage of utilizing the database of the AJP when assigning pathogenicity to rare variants of independent whole-exome sequencing data of 49 Ashkenazi Jew early-onset breast cancer (BC) patients. Importantly, population-based filtering using our AJP database enabled a reduction in the number of potential causal variants in the BC cohort by 36%. Taken together, population-specific sequencing of the AJP offers valuable, clinically applicable information and improves AJP filter annotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YARON EINHORN
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - SHAI CARMI
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - HARRY OSTRER
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - EITAN FRIEDMAN
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - NOAM SHOMRON
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ko B, He T, Gadgeel S, Halmos B. MET/HGF pathway activation as a paradigm of resistance to targeted therapies. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28164089 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to targeted therapeutics is a key issue limiting the long-term utility of these medications in the management of molecularly selected subsets of cancer patients, including patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring oncogenic alterations affecting EGFR, ALK and other genes. Bypass resistance mediated by activation of MET kinase has emerged as a frequent, validated and pivotal resistance mechanism in multiple types of cancers. Biochemical understanding is accumulating to explain the unique role of MET in such bypass pathways, providing alternate downstream activation opportunities and intricate interactions during epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Multiple diagnostic testing platforms have become available for selecting appropriate patients for MET targeting in a variety of settings. Importantly, in light of the failures of several earlier clinical studies of MET targeting agents, a large array of recent and current MET-focused trials are incorporating stricter patient selection and more robust predictive biomarkers providing hope for validation of MET targeting as a clinically impactful strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ko
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Tianfang He
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Shirish Gadgeel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Cabozantinib inhibits a variety of cellular receptors including VEGFR1-3, MET, AXL, RET, FLT3 and KIT. These signaling pathways have been shown to be important in genitourinary malignancies. Along its clinical development, it has shown most activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma; the METEOR study compared cabozantinib to everolimus and showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in both progression-free survival and overall survival. Herein, we review the development of cabozantinib in the genitourinary malignancies of renal cell carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cierra Hong
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Division of Urology, Departments of Medicine & Surgery, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saad A, Zhu XY, Herrmann S, Hickson L, Tang H, Dietz AB, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman L, Textor S. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease have increased DNA damage and reduced angiogenesis that can be modified by hypoxia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 27612459 PMCID: PMC5016873 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived MSC (AMSCs) possess angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties that may modulate kidney regeneration. Whether these properties are retained in older patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease is poorly understood. Hypoxic conditions are known to modify properties and growth characteristics of AMSCs. We tested the hypothesis that AMSCs from older patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease (RVD) differ from normal kidney donors, and whether hypoxia changes their functional and molecular properties to promote angiogenesis. METHODS AMSCs from 11 patients with RVD (mean age =74.5 years) and 10 healthy kidney donors (mean age = 51.2 years) were cultured under normoxia (20 % O2) and hypoxia (1 % O2) for 3-4 days until they reached 80 % confluency. We analyzed expression of genes and microRNAs using RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative rt-PCR. Protein expression of selected angiogenic factors (VEGF, IGF, HGF and EGF) were quantified in conditioned media using ELISAs. Apoptosis was tested using Annexin IV staining. RESULTS Normoxic AMSC from RVD patients grew normally, but exhibited increased DNA damage and reduced migration. VEGF protein secretion was significantly lower in the RVD AMSCs (0.08 vs 2.4 ng/mL/ cell, p <0.05) while HGF was higher. Both trends were reversed during growth under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia upregulated pro-angiogenic mRNAs expression in AMSCs (VEGF, FGF, STC and ANGPTL4), and downregulated expression of many miRNAs (e.g., miR-15a, miR-16, miR-93, miR-424, 126, 132, 221) except miR-210. CONCLUSIONS Thus, although AMSC from patients with RVD had increased DNA damage and reduced migration, hypoxia stimulated pro-angiogenic responses via increased expression of angiogenic genes, VEGF secretion and induction of the hypoxia-inducible miR-210, while downregulating angiogenesis-related miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Sandra Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - LaTonya Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Allan B. Dietz
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Lilach Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Stephen Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hirakawa T, Yashiro M, Doi Y, Kinoshita H, Morisaki T, Fukuoka T, Hasegawa T, Kimura K, Amano R, Hirakawa K. Pancreatic Fibroblasts Stimulate the Motility of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through IGF1/IGF1R Signaling under Hypoxia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159912. [PMID: 27487118 PMCID: PMC4972430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by its hypovascularity, with an extremely poor prognosis because of its highly invasive nature. PDAC proliferates with abundant stromal cells, suggesting that its invasive activity might be controlled by intercellular interactions between cancer cells and fibroblasts. Using four PDAC cell lines and two pancreas cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) was evaluated by RT-PCR, FACScan, western blot, or ELISA. Correlation between IGF1R and the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) was examined by immunohistochemical staining of 120 pancreatic specimens. The effects of CAFs, IGF1, and IGF1R inhibitors on the motility of cancer cells were examined by wound-healing assay or invasion assay under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2). IGF1R expression was significantly higher in RWP-1, MiaPaCa-2, and OCUP-AT cells than in Panc-1 cells. Hypoxia increased the expression level of IGF1R in RWP-1, MiaPaCa-2, and OCUP-AT cells. CA9 expression was correlated with IGF1R expression in pancreatic specimens. CAFs produced IGF1 under hypoxia, but PDAC cells did not. A conditioned medium from CAFs, which expressed αSMA, stimulated the migration and invasion ability of MiaPaCa-2, RWP-1, and OCUP-AT cells. The motility of all PDAC cells was greater under hypoxia than under normoxia. The motility-stimulating ability of CAFs was decreased by IGF1R inhibitors. These findings might suggest that pancreas CAFs stimulate the invasion activity of PDAC cells through paracrine IGF1/IGF1R signaling, especially under hypoxia. Therefore the targeting of IGF1R signaling might represent a promising therapeutic approach in IGF1R-dependent PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yosuke Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Kinoshita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamami Morisaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Terai K, Jiang M, Tokuyama W, Murano T, Takada N, Fujimura K, Ebinuma H, Kishimoto T, Hiruta N, Schneider WJ, Bujo H. Levels of soluble LR11/SorLA are highly increased in the bile of patients with biliary tract and pancreatic cancers. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:130-6. [PMID: 27079357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of molecules derived from cancer cells as biomarkers of the pathological status in biliary tract and pancreatic cancers is still limited. Soluble LDL receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11), a molecule released from immature cells, has been shown to be a circulating biomarker for early stage hematological malignancies. METHODS We have evaluated the pathological significance of bile sLR11 levels in 147 samples from 72 patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), pancreatic cancer (PC), or benign diseases. RESULTS The bile sLR11 levels in the cancer patients were significantly increased compared with those in patients without cancer, independent of cytological detection of cancer cells in bile. The average bile sLR11 levels in cancer patients were significantly higher than in those with benign diseases, while levels of bile carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were not different. LR11 protein was found to be highly expressed in the BTC and PC cells. The LR11 transcript levels in cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer cell lines were sharply induced during proliferation and significantly increased under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, sLR11 levels in bile may be indicative of cancer cell conditions and may serve as potential novel biomarker in patients with BTC and PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Terai
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University Graduate School of Science, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wataru Tokuyama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Murano
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujimura
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ebinuma
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kishimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University Graduate School of Science, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahmed M, Kumar G, Moussa M, Wang Y, Rozenblum N, Galun E, Goldberg SN. Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation-induced Stimulation of Distant Tumor Growth Is Suppressed by c-Met Inhibition. Radiology 2016; 279:103-17. [PMID: 26418615 PMCID: PMC4819900 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate how hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation affects distant extrahepatic tumor growth by means of two key molecular pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were used in this institutional animal care and use committee-approved study. First, the effect of hepatic RF ablation on distant subcutaneous in situ R3230 and MATBIII breast tumors was evaluated. Animals were randomly assigned to standardized RF ablation, sham procedure, or no treatment. Tumor growth rate was measured for 3½ to 7 days. Then, tissue was harvested for Ki-67 proliferative indexes and CD34 microvascular density. Second, hepatic RF ablation was performed for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and c-Met receptor expression measurement in periablational rim, serum, and distant tumor 24 hours to 7 days after ablation. Third, hepatic RF ablation was combined with either a c-Met inhibitor (PHA-665752) or VEGF receptor inhibitor (semaxanib) and compared with sham or drug alone arms to assess distant tumor growth and growth factor levels. Finally, hepatic RF ablation was performed in rats with c-Met-negative R3230 tumors for comparison with the native c-Met-positive line. Tumor size and immunohistochemical quantification at day 0 and at sacrifice were compared with analysis of variance and the two-tailed Student t test. Tumor growth curves before and after treatment were analyzed with linear regression analysis to determine mean slopes of pre- and posttreatment growth curves on a per-tumor basis and were compared with analysis of variance and paired two-tailed t tests. RESULTS After RF ablation of normal liver, distant R3230 tumors were substantially larger at 7 days compared with tumors treated with the sham procedure and untreated tumors, with higher growth rates and tumor cell proliferation. Similar findings were observed in MATBIII tumors. Hepatic RF ablation predominantly increased periablational and serum HGF and downstream distant tumor VEGF levels. Compared with RF ablation alone, RF ablation combined with adjuvant PHA-665752 or semaxanib reduced distant tumor growth, proliferation, and microvascular density. For c-Met-negative tumors, hepatic RF ablation did not increase distant tumor growth, proliferation, or microvascular density compared with sham treatment. CONCLUSION RF ablation of normal liver can stimulate distant subcutaneous tumor growth mediated by HGF/c-Met pathway and VEGF activation. This effect was not observed in c-Met-negative tumors and can be blocked with adjuvant c-Met and VEGF inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marwan Moussa
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S. Nahum Goldberg
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ziegler KM, Considine RV, True E, Swartz-Basile DA, Pitt HA, Zyromski NJ. Adipocytes enhance murine pancreatic cancer growth via a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated mechanism. Int J Surg 2016; 28:179-84. [PMID: 26957017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity accelerates the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, though the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Adipocytes are biologically active, producing factors such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) that may influence tumor progression. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that adipocyte-secreted factors including HGF accelerate pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Murine pancreatic cancer cells (Pan02 and TGP-47) were grown in a) conditioned medium (CM) from murine F442A preadipocytes, b) HGF-knockdown preadipocyte CM, c) recombinant murine HGF at increasing doses, and d) CM plus HGF-receptor (c-met) inhibitor. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT assay. ANOVA and t-test were applied; p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Wild-type preadipocyte CM accelerated Pan02 and TGP-47 cell proliferation relative to control (59 ± 12% and 34 ± 12%, p < 0.01, respectively). Knockdown of preadipocyte HGF resulted in attenuated proliferation vs. wild type CM in Pan02 cells (35 ± 5% vs. 68 ± 14% greater than control; p < 0.05), but proliferation in TGP-47 cells remained unchanged. Recombinant HGF dose-dependently increased Pan02, but not TGP-47, proliferation (p < 0.05). Inhibition of HGF receptor, c-met, resulted in attenuated proliferation versus control in Pan02 cells, but not TGP-47 cells. CONCLUSIONS These experiments demonstrate that adipocyte-derived factors accelerate murine pancreatic cancer proliferation. In the case of Pan02 cells, HGF is responsible, in part, for this proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert V Considine
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Eben True
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Henry A Pitt
- Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cui J, Xia T, Xie D, Gao Y, Jia Z, Wei D, Wang L, Huang S, Quan M, Xie K. HGF/Met and FOXM1 form a positive feedback loop and render pancreatic cancer cells resistance to Met inhibition and aggressive phenotypes. Oncogene 2016; 35:4708-18. [PMID: 26876216 PMCID: PMC4985506 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met signaling plays critical roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) development and progression and is considered a potential therapeutic target for this disease. However, the mechanism of aberrant activation of HGF/Met signaling and resistance to Met inhibition in PDA remains unclear. Experimental Design The mechanistic role of cross-talk between Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and HGF/Met signaling in promotion of PDA growth and resistance to Met inhibition was examined using cell culture, molecular biology and mouse models; and the relevance of our experimental and mechanistic findings were validated using human PDA tissues. Results Met was markedly overexpressed in both PDA cell lines and pancreatic tumor specimens, and the expression of Met correlated directly with that of FOXM1 in human tumor specimens. Mechanistically, FOXM1 bound to the promoter region of the Met gene and transcriptionally increased the expression of Met. Increased expression of FOXM1 enhanced the activation of HGF/Met signaling and its downstream pathways, including RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Furthermore, activation of HGF/Met signaling increased the expression and transcriptional activity of FOXM1, and the cross-talk between FOXM1 and HGF/Met signaling promoted PDA growth and resistance to Met inhibition. Conclusions Collectively, our findings identified a positive feedback loop formed by FOXM1 and HGF/Met and revealed that this loop is a potentially effective therapeutic target for PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - D Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - K Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is among the most important issues in the management of ovarian cancer. Unlike cancer cells, which are heterogeneous as a result of remarkable genetic instability, stromal cells are considered relatively homogeneous. Thus, targeting the tumor microenvironment is an attractive approach for cancer therapy. Arguably, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies hold great promise, but their efficacy has been modest, likely owing to redundant and complementary angiogenic pathways. Components of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and other pathways may compensate for VEGF blockade and allow angiogenesis to occur despite anti-VEGF treatment. In addition, hypoxia induced by anti-angiogenesis therapy modifies signaling pathways in tumor and stromal cells, which induces resistance to therapy. Because of tumor cell heterogeneity and angiogenic pathway redundancy, combining cytotoxic and targeted therapies or combining therapies targeting different pathways can potentially overcome resistance. Although targeted therapy is showing promise, much more work is needed to maximize its impact, including the discovery of new targets and identification of individuals most likely to benefit from such therapies.
Collapse
|
47
|
Huang CY, Yu LCH. Pathophysiological mechanisms of death resistance in colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11777-11792. [PMID: 26557002 PMCID: PMC4631976 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancers develop adaptive mechanisms to survive under extreme conditions and display hallmarks of unlimited proliferation and resistance to cell death. The deregulation of cell death is a key factor that contributes to chemoresistance in tumors. In a physiological context, balance between cell proliferation and death, and protection against cell damage are fundamental processes for maintaining gut epithelial homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying anti-death cytoprotection and tumor resistance often bear common pathways, and although distinguishing them would be a challenge, it would also provide an opportunity to develop advanced anti-cancer therapeutics. This review will outline cell death pathways (i.e., apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis), and discuss cytoprotective strategies in normal intestinal epithelium and death resistance mechanisms of colon tumor. In colorectal cancers, the intracellular mechanisms of death resistance include the direct alteration of apoptotic and necroptotic machinery and the upstream events modulating death effectors such as tumor suppressor gene inactivation and pro-survival signaling pathways. The autocrine, paracrine and exogenous factors within a tumor microenvironment can also instigate resistance against apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in colon cancers through changes in receptor signaling or transporter uptake. The roles of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2, growth factors, glucose, and bacterial lipopolysaccharides in colorectal cancer will be highlighted. Targeting anti-death pathways in the colon cancer tissue might be a promising approach outside of anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis strategies for developing novel drugs to treat refractory tumors.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hepatocyte Growth Factor from a Clinical Perspective: A Pancreatic Cancer Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1785-805. [PMID: 26404380 PMCID: PMC4586794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and incidence rates are rising. Both detection and treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited, providing a less than 5% five-year survival advantage. The need for new biomarkers for early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer demands the efficient translation of bench knowledge to provide clinical benefit. One source of therapeutic resistance is the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, which is characterized by desmoplasia and hypoxia making it less conducive to current therapies. A major factor regulating desmoplasia and subsequently promoting chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the sole ligand for c-MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition), an epithelial tyrosine kinase receptor. Binding of HGF to c-MET leads to receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation resulting in the activation of multiple cellular processes that support cancer progression. Inhibiting activation of c-MET in cancer cells, in combination with other approaches for reducing desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment, might significantly improve the success of chemotherapy. Therefore, HGF makes a potent novel target for developing therapeutic strategies in combination with existing drugs for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of HGF and its promising potential as a chemotherapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
49
|
Smith BD, Kaufman MD, Leary CB, Turner BA, Wise SC, Ahn YM, Booth RJ, Caldwell TM, Ensinger CL, Hood MM, Lu WP, Patt TW, Patt WC, Rutkoski TJ, Samarakoon T, Telikepalli H, Vogeti L, Vogeti S, Yates KM, Chun L, Stewart LJ, Clare M, Flynn DL. Altiratinib Inhibits Tumor Growth, Invasion, Angiogenesis, and Microenvironment-Mediated Drug Resistance via Balanced Inhibition of MET, TIE2, and VEGFR2. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2023-34. [PMID: 26285778 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Altiratinib (DCC-2701) was designed based on the rationale of engineering a single therapeutic agent able to address multiple hallmarks of cancer (1). Specifically, altiratinib inhibits not only mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression, but also drug resistance mechanisms in the tumor and microenvironment through balanced inhibition of MET, TIE2 (TEK), and VEGFR2 (KDR) kinases. This profile was achieved by optimizing binding into the switch control pocket of all three kinases, inducing type II inactive conformations. Altiratinib durably inhibits MET, both wild-type and mutated forms, in vitro and in vivo. Through its balanced inhibitory potency versus MET, TIE2, and VEGFR2, altiratinib provides an agent that inhibits three major evasive (re)vascularization and resistance pathways (HGF, ANG, and VEGF) and blocks tumor invasion and metastasis. Altiratinib exhibits properties amenable to oral administration and exhibits substantial blood-brain barrier penetration, an attribute of significance for eventual treatment of brain cancers and brain metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Mi Ahn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel L Flynn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Lawrence, Kansas. Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arf6 regulates tumour angiogenesis and growth through HGF-induced endothelial β1 integrin recycling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7925. [PMID: 26239146 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic drugs targeting vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor have provided modest clinical benefit, in part, owing to the actions of additional angiogenic factors that stimulate tumour neoangiogenesis in parallel. To overcome this redundancy, approaches targeting these other signalling pathways are required. Here we show, using endothelial cell-targeted mice, that the small GTPase Arf6 is required for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced tumour neoangiogenesis and growth. Arf6 deletion from endothelial cells abolishes HGF-stimulated β1 integrin recycling. Pharmacological inhibition of the Arf6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Grp1 efficiently suppresses tumour vascularization and growth. Grp1 as well as other Arf6 GEFs, such as GEP100, EFA6B and EFA6D, regulates HGF-stimulated β1 integrin recycling. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of HGF-induced tumour angiogenesis and offer the possibility that targeting the HGF-activated Arf6 signalling pathway may synergize with existing anti-angiogenic drugs to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|