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Mascellino MT, Pontone S, Vega AE, Malfertheiner P. Editorial: Helicobacter pylori infection: pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, advances and therapy, new treatment strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1102144. [PMID: 36569072 PMCID: PMC9775295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Mascellino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Maria Teresa Mascellino
| | - Stefano Pontone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Edith Vega
- Faculty of Biochemical Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-v-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Martin-Nuñez GM, Cornejo-Pareja I, Clemente-Postigo M, Tinahones FJ. Gut Microbiota: The Missing Link Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Metabolic Disorders? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:639856. [PMID: 34220702 PMCID: PMC8247771 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.639856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide. Although the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, this bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa causing the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, but complications are not limited to gastric ones. Extradigestive pathologies, including metabolic disturbances such as diabetes, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, have also been associated with H. pylori infection. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting H. pylori with extragastric metabolic diseases needs to be clarified. Notably, the latest studies on the topic have confirmed that H. pylori infection modulates gut microbiota in humans. Damage in the gut bacterial community (dysbiosis) has been widely related to metabolic dysregulation by affecting adiposity, host energy balance, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal modulation, among others. Taking into account that Type 2 diabetic patients are more prone to be H. pylori positive, gut microbiota emerges as putative key factor responsible for this interaction. In this regard, the therapy of choice for H. pylori eradication, based on proton pump inhibitor combined with two or more antibiotics, also alters gut microbiota composition, but consequences on metabolic health of the patients has been scarcely explored. Recent studies from our group showed that, despite decreasing gut bacterial diversity, conventional H. pylori eradication therapy is related to positive changes in glucose and lipid profiles. The mechanistic insights explaining these effects should also be addressed in future research. This review will deal with the role of gut microbiota as the linking factor between H. pylori infection and metabolic diseases, and discussed the impact that gut bacterial modulation by H. pylori eradication treatment can also have in host's metabolism. For this purpose, new evidence from the latest human studies published in more recent years will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia M. Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; Mercedes Clemente-Postigo,
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; Mercedes Clemente-Postigo,
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Adachi K, Mishiro T, Okimoto E, Kinoshita Y. Influence of the Degree of Gastric Mucosal Atrophy on the Serum Lipid Levels Before and After the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Intern Med 2018; 57:3067-3073. [PMID: 29877271 PMCID: PMC6262702 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1074-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify the influence of the degree of gastric mucosal atrophy on the serum lipid levels before and after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods The subjects were individuals who underwent an annual detailed medical checkup. Serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody detection and upper endoscopic examinations were performed in all subjects. Gastric mucosal atrophy was evaluated by the classification of Kimura and Takemoto. The serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), LDLC/HDLC ratio, and triglycerides were compared among the different degrees of gastric mucosal atrophy in H. pylori-positive subjects. In addition, changes in those serum lipid levels during a two-year period were compared among H. pylori post-eradication cases that showed different degrees of gastric mucosal atrophy prior to eradication. Results In subjects with higher degrees of gastric mucosal atrophy, the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDLC, and triglycerides were elevated. Furthermore, the LDLC/HDLC ratio in subjects with moderate and severe grades of gastric mucosal atrophy was significantly higher than in subjects with mild atrophy. In subjects with higher degrees of gastric mucosal atrophy, the serum level of LDLC and the LDLC/HDLC ratio were decreased following eradication of H. pylori. Conclusion Lipid metabolism is influenced by the degree of gastric mucosal atrophy present before the eradication of H. pylori, and the favorable effects of such eradication are significant in patients with higher degrees of atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Adachi
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mishiro
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Japan
| | - Eiko Okimoto
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Okushin K, Tsutsumi T, Ikeuchi K, Kado A, Enooku K, Fujinaga H, Moriya K, Yotsuyanagi H, Koike K. Helicobacter pylori infection and liver diseases: Epidemiology and insights into pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3617-3625. [PMID: 30166857 PMCID: PMC6113725 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i32.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have high prevalences worldwide, and the relationship between H. pylori infection and liver disease has been discussed for many years. Although positive correlations between H. pylori and NAFLD have been identified in some clinical and experimental studies, negative correlations have also been obtained in high-quality clinical studies. Associations between H. pylori and the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis, mainly disease progression with fibrosis, have also been suggested in some clinical studies. Concerning HCC, a possible role for H. pylori in hepatocarcinogenesis has been identified since H. pylori genes have frequently been detected in resected HCC specimens. However, no study has revealed the direct involvement of H. pylori in promoting the development of HCC. Although findings regarding the correlations between H. pylori and liver disease pathogenesis have been accumulating, the existing data do not completely lead to an unequivocal conclusion. Further high-quality clinical and experimental analyses are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in ameliorating the histopathological changes observed in each liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Okushin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Akira Kado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Enooku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Adachi K, Mishiro T, Toda T, Kano N, Fujihara H, Mishima Y, Konishi A, Mochida M, Takahashi K, Kinoshita Y. Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on serum lipid levels. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:264-269. [PMID: 29892167 PMCID: PMC5990401 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to clarify the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on the changes in serum lipid levels by comparing subjects with and without continuous H. pylori infection. The study subjects were 774 individuals (males 536, females 238, mean age 52.6 years) who visited between April 2013 and March 2016 for annual medical checkups. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglyceride levels, and LDLC/HDLC ratio were compared between the subjects with and without H. pylori infection, as well as those with H. pylori eradication subjects. The HDLC level in the H. pylori-positive group was significantly lower as compared to the H. pylori-negative group. The serum level of HDLC in subjects with successful eradication of H. pylori tended to be higher, while the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDLC, and triglycerides tended to be lower in comparison to subjects with continuous H. pylori infection. In addition, the LDLC/HDLC ratio in the H. pylori-positive group was significantly higher than that in the H. pylori-negative group, and successful H. pylori eradication tended to reduce that ratio. In conclusion, successful eradication of H. pylori may have favorable effects on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Adachi
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Koshibara 1-4-6, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mishiro
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Koshibara 1-4-6, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Toda
- Clinical Laboratory, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Naomi Kano
- Clinical Laboratory, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Harumi Fujihara
- Clinical Laboratory, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Yuko Mishima
- Clinical Laboratory, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Atsuko Konishi
- Clinical Laboratory, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Mariko Mochida
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Koshibara 1-4-6, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuko Takahashi
- Health Center, Shimane Environment and Health Public Corporation, Koshibara 1-4-6, Matsue, Shimane 690-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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He C, Yang Z, Lu NH. Helicobacter pylori-an infectious risk factor for atherosclerosis? J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:1229-42. [PMID: 25342566 DOI: 10.5551/jat.25775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of certain diseases localized outside the stomach, particularly those characterized by persistent and low-grade systematic inflammation. Recently, the role of H. pylori infection in the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical complications has received attention. Atherosclerosis is a high-cost disease, and acute events resulting from this condition rank first among morbidity and mortality statistics in most industrialized countries. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder, and traditional risk factors explain only 50% of its etiology. Therefore, identifying new risk factors for atherosclerosis is necessary. Serological studies indicate that chronic H. pylori infection, especially that with more virulent strains, may predispose patients to the onset of atherosclerosis and related adverse clinical events, and PCR studies have detected H. pylori DNA in atherosclerotic plaques, although this finding remains controversial. If this association were to be confirmed, its importance to public health would be substantial, as the eradication of H. pylori is more straightforward and less costly than the long-term treatment of other risk factors. This review investigates the potential relationship between H. pylori infection and atherosclerosis from both epidemiological and pathogenic perspectives and characterizes the potential mechanisms underlying this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
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He C, Yang Z, Lu NH. Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes: Is it a myth or fact? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4607-4617. [PMID: 24782613 PMCID: PMC4000497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human bacterial pathogens, and infection causes a wide array of gastric disorders, including simple gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric malignancies. Gastrointestinal inflammation caused by H. pylori can influence the absorption of glucose and lipids, which are also abnormal in diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. It is an emerging pandemic and is rapidly becoming a serious threat to public health. Emerging data now indicate a strong relationship between H. pylori infection and the incidence of T2DM. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes are complex, involving insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, insulin secretion deficiency as a result of pancreas β-cell dysfunction, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. H. pylori infection is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and the growing awareness of its role in diabetes is important for the early detection of glucose dysregulation and prevention of T2DM in high-risk communities. This review probes the possible relationship between H. pylori and diabetes according to epidemiological surveys and discusses putative mechanisms underlying this correlation.
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Nweneka CV, Prentice AM. Helicobacter pylori infection and circulating ghrelin levels - a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11:7. [PMID: 21269467 PMCID: PMC3037919 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nature of the association between ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone produced mainly in the stomach, and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a bacterium that colonises the stomach, is still controversial. We examined available evidence to determine whether an association exists between the two; and if one exists, in what direction. Methods We reviewed original English language studies on humans reporting circulating ghrelin levels in H pylori infected and un-infected participants; and circulating ghrelin levels before and after H pylori eradication. Meta-analyses were conducted for eligible studies by combining study specific estimates using the inverse variance method with weighted average for continuous outcomes in a random effects model. Results Seventeen out of 27 papers that reported ghrelin levels in H pylori positive and negative subjects found lower circulating ghrelin levels in H pylori positive subjects; while 10 found no difference. A meta-analysis of 19 studies with a total of 1801 participants showed a significantly higher circulating ghrelin concentration in H pylori negative participants than in H pylori positive participants (Effect estimate (95%CI) = -0.48 (-0.60, -0.36)). However, eradicating H pylori did not have any significant effect on circulating ghrelin levels (Effect estimate (95% CI) = 0.08 (-0.33, 0.16); Test for overall effect: Z = 0.67 (P = 0.5)). Conclusions We conclude that circulating ghrelin levels are lower in H pylori infected people compared to those not infected; but the relationship between circulating ghrelin and eradication of H pylori is more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidi V Nweneka
- Nutrition Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.
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Torisu T, Takata Y, Ansai T, Matsumoto T, Sonoki K, Soh I, Awano S, Yoshida A, Hamasaki T, Kagiyama S, Nakamichi I, Ohsumi T, Toyoshima K, Nishihara T, Iida M, Takehara T. Possible association of atrophic gastritis and arterial stiffness in healthy middle-aged Japanese. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:691-7. [PMID: 19729867 DOI: 10.5551/jat.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular and atherosclerotic diseases. Arterial stiffness determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV) or the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has been shown to be higher in HP-positive subjects than in HP-negative subjects; however, this result has been observed only in young subjects. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible correlation between HP infection and PWV or CAVI in middle-aged subjects. METHODS We measured brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), CAVI, metabolism markers, pepsinogens (PGs) and IgG antibody to HP in 343 individuals aged either 60 or 65 year old. Atrophic gastritis (AG) was diagnosed based on the values of PGs. RESULTS baPWV and CAVI were significantly higher in the AG-positive group than in the AG-negative group even after adjusting for possible confounding factors (baPWVc; 16.63+/-3.50 vs. 15.59+/-3.47 p=0.010, CAVIc; 8.59+/-1.20 vs. 8.27+/-1.19 p=0.022). baPWV and CAVI values tended to be higher in the HP-positive group than in the HP-negative group. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and the adiponectin level were lower in the AG-positive group than in the AG-negative group. CONCLUSION There may be an association between atrophic gastritis and atherosclerosis in middle-aged subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Torisu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Dental College, Japan.
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Papamichael KX, Papaioannou G, Karga H, Roussos A, Mantzaris GJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and endocrine disorders: Is there a link? World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:2701-7. [PMID: 19522019 PMCID: PMC2695884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a leading world-wide infectious disease as it affects more than half of the world population and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies. The infection elicits a chronic cellular inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa. However, the effects of this local inflammation may not be confined solely to the digestive tract but may spread to involve extra-intestinal tissues and/or organs. Indeed, H pylori infection has been epidemiologically linked to extra-digestive conditions and diseases. In this context, it has been speculated that H pylori infection may be responsible for various endocrine disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, osteoporosis and primary hyperparathyroidism. This is a review of the relationship between H pylori infection and these endocrine disorders.
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Tobin NP, Henehan GT, Murphy RP, Atherton JC, Guinan AF, Kerrigan SW, Cox D, Cahill PA, Cummins PM. Helicobacter pylori-induced inhibition of vascular endothelial cell functions: a role for VacA-dependent nitric oxide reduction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1403-13. [PMID: 18660451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00240.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies provide compelling support for a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular diseases. However, clear biochemical evidence for this association is limited. In the present study, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of endothelial injury in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) induced by H. pylori-conditioned medium (HPCM) prepared from H. pylori 60190 [vacuolating cytotoxin A (Vac(+))]. BAECs were treated with either unconditioned media, HPCM (0-25% vol/vol), or Escherichia coli-conditioned media for 24 h, and cell functions were monitored. Vac(+) HPCM significantly decreased BAEC proliferation, tube formation, and migration (by up to 44%, 65%, and 28%, respectively). Posttreatment, we also observed sporadic zonnula occludens-1 immunolocalization along the cell-cell border, and increased BAEC permeability to FD40 Dextran, indicating barrier reduction. These effects were blocked by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (VacA inhibitor) and were not observed with conditioned media prepared from either VacA-deleted H. pylori or E. coli. The cellular mechanism mediating these events was also considered. Vac(+) HPCM (but not Vac(-)) reduced nitric oxide (NO) by >50%, whereas S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, an NO donor, recovered all Vac(+) HPCM-dependent effects on cell functions. We further demonstrated that laminar shear stress, an endothelial NO synthase/NO stimulus in vivo, could also recover the Vac(+) HPCM-induced decreases in BAEC functions. This study shows, for the first time, a significant proatherogenic effect of H. pylori-secreted factors on a range of vascular endothelial dysfunction markers. Specifically, the VacA-dependent reduction in endothelial NO is indicated in these events. The atheroprotective impact of laminar shear stress in this context is also evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Tobin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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