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Park S, Perumalsamy H, Kim JE, Kim HY, Jun DW, Yoon TH. The impact of G-CSF on mouse immune cells in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on variations in T cells and their subsets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117175. [PMID: 39074426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) significantly affects immune cell function and leads to immunological dysregulation. This study explored the potential of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mitigate the negative effects of alcohol on immune cells in a mouse model of ALD. To investigate the capacity of G-CSF, ALD was induced using a 17-day alcohol-enriched diet, followed by a single G-CSF dose prior to sampling. We focused on the dynamics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using high-dimensional mass cytometry to detect subtle changes. Alcohol intake reduced the number of B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells while increasing the number of T cells. Notably, G-CSF treatment reversed the alcohol-induced increase in total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. This effect was remarkable in naïve, effector CD4+ T cells and naïve CD8+ T cells. PhenoGraph and FlowSOM analysis further revealed the recovery effect of G-CSF on specific T cell subgroups, including central memory CD8+ T cells and double-negative T cells expressing Ly6chighCD44high, which are adversely affected by alcohol. These results enhance our understanding of the effect of ALD on immune function and suggest that G-CSF is a potential therapeutic agent, laying the foundation for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Yoon Idea Lab. Co. Ltd., Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Genovese S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 37371985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Wang M, Zhang F, Zhou J, Gong K, Chen S, Zhu X, Zhang M, Duan Y, Liao C, Han J, Yin Z. Glabridin Ameliorates Alcohol-Caused Liver Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via p38 MAPK/Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2157. [PMID: 37432306 PMCID: PMC10180694 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice is a traditional and versatile herbal medicine and food. Glabridin (Gla) is a kind of isoflavone extracted from the licorice root, which has anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic, and antioxidative effects. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a widespread liver disease induced by chronic alcohol consumption. However, studies demonstrating the effect of Gla on ALD are rare. The research explored the positive effect of Gla in C57BL/6J mice fed by the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol mice diet and HepG2 cells treated with ethanol. Gla alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury, including reducing liver vacuolation and lipid accumulation. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased in the Gla-treated mice. The reactive oxygen species and apoptosis levels were attenuated and antioxidant enzyme activity levels were restored in ethanol-induced mice by Gla treatment. In vitro, Gla reduced ethanol-induced cytotoxicity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and enhanced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Anisomycin (an agonist of p38 MAPK) eliminated the positive role of Gla on ethanol-caused oxidative stress and inflammation. On the whole, Gla can alleviate alcoholic liver damage via the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/NF-κB pathway and may be used as a novel health product or drug to potentially alleviate ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ke Gong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinran Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zequn Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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4
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Xia GQ, Fang Q, Cai JN, Li ZX, Zhang FZ, Lv XW. P2X7 Receptor in Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:1205-1212. [PMID: 36381094 PMCID: PMC9634783 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. It is a liver disease caused by prolonged heavy drinking and its main clinical features are nausea, vomiting, enlargement of the liver, and jaundice. Recent studies suggest that Kupffer cell-mediated inflammatory response is a core driver in the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver fibrosis. As a danger signal, extracellular ATP activates the assembly of NLPR3 inflammasome by acting on purine P2X7 receptor, the activated NLRP3 inflammasome prompts ASC to cleave pro-cCaspase-1 into active caspase-1in KCs. Active caspase-1 promotes the conversion of pro-IL-1β to IL-1β, which further enhances the inflammatory response. Here, we briefly review the role of the P2X7R-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and the evolution of alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver fibrosis. Regulation of the inflammasome axis of P2X7R-NLRP3 may be a new approach for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Xia
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Nan Cai
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Li
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Zhang
- Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 1, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Correspondence to: Xiong-Wen Lv, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0168. Tel: +86-13515519961, Fax: +86-551-63633742, E-mail:
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Rattanasupar A, Chang A, Prateepchaiboon T, Pungpipattrakul N, Akarapatima K, Songjamrat A, Pakdeejit S, Prachayakul V, Piratvisuth T. Impact of alcohol consumption on treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with viral hepatitis who underwent transarterial chemoembolization. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1162-1172. [PMID: 35978671 PMCID: PMC9258258 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with pre-existing liver disease, including viral hepatitis. However, studies on the impact of alcohol consumption on the outcomes of HCC are limited. We hypothesized that alcohol had an additional effect with chronic viral hepatitis infection on treatment outcomes after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with intermediate-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer [BCLC] -B).
AIM To evaluate the additional effect of alcohol on treatment outcomes of TACE among HCC patients with viral hepatitis.
METHODS This study, conducted at Hatyai Hospital in Thailand, included HCC patients over 18 years of age with chronic viral hepatitis. Records of HCC patients with viral hepatitis classified as BCLC-B who underwent TACE as the first treatment modality between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis only were categorized under group A, and those with chronic viral hepatitis and concurrent alcohol consumption were categorized under group B. Both groups were compared, and the Cox proportional-hazards model was used to identify the survival-influencing variables.
RESULTS Of the 69 patients, 53 were categorized in group A and 16 in group B. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor characteristics between the two patient groups. However, Group A had a statistically significantly higher proportion of complete response (24.5% vs 0%, P = 0.030) and a higher median survival rate (26.2 mo vs 8.4 mo; log-rank P = 0.012) compared to group B. Factors associated with decreased survival in the proportional-hazards model included alcohol consumption (hazards ratio [HR], 2.377; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.109-5.095; P = 0.026), presence of portal hypertension (HR, 2.578; 95%CI, 1.320–5.037; P = 0.006), largest tumor size > 5 cm (HR, 3.558; 95%CI, 1.824-6.939; P < 0.001), and serum alpha-fetoprotein level > 100 ng/mL (HR, 2.536; 95%CI, 1.377-4.670; P = 0.003).
CONCLUSION In HCC BCLC B patients with chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and decreases the rate of complete response and survival after TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attapon Rattanasupar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arunchai Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | | | - Keerati Akarapatima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Songjamrat
- Division of Intervention Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hatyai Hospital, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Songklod Pakdeejit
- Division of Intervention Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hatyai Hospital, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Varayu Prachayakul
- Siriraj Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerha Piratvisuth
- NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
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6
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Cioarca-Nedelcu R, Atanasiu V, Stoian I. Alcoholic liver disease-from steatosis to cirrhosis - a biochemistry approach. J Med Life 2022; 14:594-599. [PMID: 35027961 PMCID: PMC8742892 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chronic alcoholism and its health implications represent a global concern. Over three million deaths are linked to chronic alcohol intake every year. This article aims to spread awareness about the negative impact ethanol can have on almost every organ in the body, especially the liver. Understanding ethanol metabolism and the cellular pathways through which alcohol increases liver oxidative stress may prevent a broad spectrum of hepatic lesions such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis. After a short review of ethanol metabolism and liver oxidative stress, each hepatic lesion will be individually discussed regarding the mechanism of apparition, treatment, and future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeriu Atanasiu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stoian
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Ying L, Chen Y, Zhong Z, Wu Y, Hu L, Wen C. Effects of long-term alcohol exposure on the pharmacokinetic profiles of ketamine and norketamine in rats. Alcohol 2021; 96:55-61. [PMID: 33549609 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse has become a serious health issue worldwide. Ketamine can reduce addiction risk among patients with alcohol use disorders. This study aimed to determine the effects of alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of ketamine during long-term alcohol exposure. METHOD An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for determination of ketamine and norketamine was developed and validated. A total of 15 rats were given 40% alcohol for 3 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of ketamine were measured at time zero, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after alcohol exposure. The metabolic capability of liver CYP450 was evaluated using three probe drugs: metoprolol, phenacetin, and tolbutamide. RESULTS During drinking of 40% alcohol, the AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and Cmax of ketamine and norketamine significantly increased, while V and CL significantly decreased with time (p < 0.001). The pharmacokinetic changes of norketamine were highly consistent with ketamine. Additionally, the concentration ratio of norketamine/ketamine in sample time also decreased over time. However, there were no pharmacokinetic changes of three probe drugs, which indicated there was no significant change of liver CYPs activities. CONCLUSION Alcohol significantly increases plasma concentration of ketamine and norketamine. The effect of alcohol on pharmacokinetics of ketamine should be considered in clinical therapy.
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Fan H, Shen Y, Ren Y, Mou Q, Lin T, Zhu L, Ren T. Combined intake of blueberry juice and probiotics ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction by activating SIRT1 in alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:50. [PMID: 33971886 PMCID: PMC8108333 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a significant factor in the liver disease process. Blueberry juice and probiotics (BP) synergistically improve liver function in alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), although the mechanism for this effect was unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect and specific mechanisms of BP on AFLD. Methods C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into seven groups: CG (control), MG (AFLD model), BJ (MG mice treated with blueberry), BJB (MG mice treated with BP), SI (AFLD mice treated with SIRT1 siRNA), BJSI (SI mice treated with blueberry), and BJBSI (SI mice treated with BP). The mice were fed an alcohol liquid diet for 10 days to establish the AFLD model, and subjected to BP and SIRT1 siRNA intervention for 10 days. Liver pathology was performed on day 11, and biochemical and molecular analyses of liver mitochondria were employed on day 12. Results BP significantly ameliorated hepatic mitochondrial injury, mitochondrial swelling, and hepatic necrosis in AFLD. BP alleviated hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the expression of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, increasing respiratory control rate and the ADP/O ratio, and facilitating the synthesis of energy-related molecules. Besides, BP increased the expression of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and inhibited malondialdehyde expression and reactive oxygen species activity. BP-induced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, both of which mediate mitochondrial homeostasis. SIRT1 silencing suppressed the BP-induced changes in liver mitochondria, blunting its efficacy. Conclusions The ingredients of BP ameliorate hepatocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in AFLD mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00554-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houmin Fan
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Tongren Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Ren
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiuju Mou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Tingting Ren
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Salehi E, Mashayekh M, Taheri F, Gholami M, Motaghinejad M, Safari S, Sepehr A. Curcumin Can be Acts as Effective agent for Prevent or Treatment of Alcohol-induced Toxicity in Hepatocytes: An Illustrated Mechanistic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:418-436. [PMID: 34400970 PMCID: PMC8170768 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112852.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that alcohol abuse can cause serious liver damage and cirrhosis. The main pathway for these types of hepatocellular cell neurodegeneration is mitochondrial dysfunction, which causes lipid peroxidation and dysfunction of the glutathione ring and the defect of antioxidant enzymes in alcoholic hepatic cells. Alcohol can also initiate malicious inflammatory pathways and trigger the initiation and activation of intestinal and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in hepatocellular tissues that lead to cirrhosis. Previous studies have shown that curcumin may inhibit lipid peroxidation, glutathione dysfunction and restore antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also modulates inflammation and the production of alcohol-induced biomarkers. Curcumin has been shown to play a critical role in the survival of alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. It has been shown that curcumin can induce and trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and, by this mechanism, prevent the occurrence of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in liver cells that have been impaired by alcohol. According to this mechanism, curcumin may protect hepatocellular tissue from alcohol-induced cell degeneration and may therefore survive alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. . Based on these mechanisms, the protective functions of curcumin against alcohol-induced cell degeneration due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis events in hepatocellular tissue have been recorded. Hence, in this research, we have attempted to evaluate and analyze the main contribution mechanism of curcumin cell defense properties against alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage, according to previous experimental and clinical studies, and in this way we report findings from major studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Salehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mashayekh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Suresh D, Srinivas AN, Kumar DP. Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Special Focus on Fatty Liver Disease. Front Oncol 2020; 10:601710. [PMID: 33330100 PMCID: PMC7734960 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.601710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer with mortality running parallel to its incidence and has limited therapeutic options. Chronic liver inflammation and injury contribute significantly to the development and progression of HCC. Several factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and demographic regions increase the HCC incidence rates and the major risk factors are chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), carcinogens (food contaminants, tobacco smoking, and environmental toxins), and inherited diseases. In recent years evidence highlights the association of metabolic syndrome (diabetes and obesity), excessive alcohol consumption (alcoholic fatty liver disease), and high-calorie intake (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) to be the prime causes for HCC in countries with a westernized sedentary lifestyle. HCC predominantly occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (80%), however, 20% of the cases have been known in patients with non-cirrhotic liver. It is widely believed that there exist possible interactions between different etiological agents leading to the involvement of diverse mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HCC. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC development and progression is imperative in developing effective targeted therapies to combat this deadly disease. Noteworthy, a detailed understanding of the risk factors is also critical to improve the screening, early detection, prevention, and management of HCC. Thus, this review recapitulates the etiology of HCC focusing especially on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)- and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD)-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Akshatha N Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Ye M, Xu M, Fan S, Zhang M, Zhou B, Yang S, Wei W, Ji C, Ji J, Ji F. Protective effects of three propolis-abundant flavonoids against ethanol-induced injuries in HepG2 cells involving the inhibition of ERK1/2-AHR-CYP1A1 signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Hsieh CH, Su LT, Wang YC, Fu CY, Lo HC, Lin CH. Does Alcohol Intoxication Protect Patients from Severe Injury and Reduce Hospital Mortality? The Association of Alcohol Consumption with the Severity of Injury and Survival in Trauma Patients. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481307901222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions are a major cause of mortality in trauma patients. This prospective observational study investigated the influence of antecedent alcohol use on outcomes in trauma patients who survived to reach the hospital. From 2005 to 2011, all patients who were older than 18 years and were admitted as a result of motor vehicle crashes were included. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was routinely measured for each patient on admission. Patients were divided into four groups based on their BAC level, which included nondrinking, BAC less than 100, BAC 100 to 200, and BAC 200 mg/dL or greater. Patient demographics, physical status and injury severity on admission, length of hospital stay, and outcome were compared between the groups. Odds ratios of having a severe injury, prolonged hospital stay, and mortality were estimated. Patients with a positive BAC had an increased risk of sustaining craniofacial and thoracoabdominal injuries. Odds ratios of having severe injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS] 16 or greater) and a prolonged hospital stay were also increased. However, for those patients whose ISS was 16 or greater and who also had a brain injury, risk of fatality was significantly reduced if they were intoxicated (BAC 200 mg/dL or greater) before injury. Alcohol consumption does not protect patients from sustaining severe injuries nor does it shorten the length of hospital stay. However, there were potential survival benefits related to alcohol consumption for patients with brain injuries but not for those without brain injuries. Additional research is required to investigate the mechanism of this association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; the
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Ting Su
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; the
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; the
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yuan Fu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; the
- Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chieh Lo
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; the
| | - Chiu-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; the
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13
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Poilil Surendran S, George Thomas R, Moon MJ, Park R, Kim DH, Kim KH, Jeong YY. Effect of hepato-toxins in the acceleration of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232619. [PMID: 32428024 PMCID: PMC7237019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection and liver fibrosis have been a major health problem worldwide. However, less research has been conducted owing to the lack of animal models. The key purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different hepatotoxins in HBV-affected liver. In this study, we successfully generated a combined liver fibrosis model by administering HBV 1.2 plasmid and thioacetamide/ethanol (TAA/EtOH). To our knowledge, this is the first study in which an increase in the liver fibrosis level is observed by the intraperitoneal administration of TAA and EtOH in drinking water after the hydrodynamic transfection of the HBV 1.2 plasmid in C3H/HeN mice. The HBV+TAA/EtOH group exhibited higher level of hepatic fibrosis than that of the control groups. The hepatic stellate cell activation in the TAA- and EtOH-administered groups was demonstrated by the elevation in the level of fibrotic markers. In addition, high levels of collagen content and histopathological results were also used to confirm the prominent fibrotic levels. We established a novel HBV mice model by hydrodynamic injection-based HBV transfection in C3H/HeN mice. C3H/HeN mice were reported to have a higher HBV persistence level than that of the C57BL/6 mouse model. All the results showed an increased fibrosis level in the HBV mice treated with TAA and EtOH; hence, this model would be useful to understand the effect of hepatotoxins on the high risk of fibrosis after HBV infection. The acceleration of liver fibrosis can occur with prolonged administration as well as the high dosage of hepatotoxins in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchithra Poilil Surendran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Reju George Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Myeong Ju Moon
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Rayoung Park
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyun Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Lab, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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14
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Hewawasam SP. Hypoxia and oxidative stress: The role of the anaerobic gut, the hepatic arterial buffer response and other defence mechanisms of the liver. World J Meta-Anal 2020; 8:78-88. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered a vital organ and is the hub for multiple chemical functions, such as intermediary metabolism and the detoxification of ingested toxins, which are essential for the preservation of life, hence, the origin or the word “liver”. The liver has enormous, highly diversified catalytic potential. This enormous catalytic potential generates massive oxidative stress, which is important for the functions of the liver but is detrimental to the viability of the liver. The liver receives approximately 80% of its blood supply from the portal vein, which brings less saturated blood from the gastrointestinal tract. Hepatocytes operate in a relatively hypoxic microenvironment due to this portal inflow. The development of this hypoxic microenvironment of the liver is an important evolutionary adaptation for its detoxification function that is not recognized in the literature as a defence mechanism against the oxidative stress generated during the detoxification process. This review describes liver function in relation to its oxidative catalytic potential and the oxidative stress generated by it as well as the evolutionary defence mechanisms present in the liver against this oxidative stress to provide new insights into liver function.
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Lee DY, Kim MJ, Yoon D, Lee YS, Kim GS, Yoo YC. Ginseng Berry Prevents Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Improving the Anti-Inflammatory System Damage in Mice and Quality Control of Active Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143522. [PMID: 31323789 PMCID: PMC6678525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ginseng berry contains a variety of biologically active compounds and has a higher ginsenoside content than its roots. This study focused on the hepatoprotective activity of ginseng berry extract prepared by enzyme treatment (EGB) compared to the non-enzyme-treated ginseng berry extract (GB) and quality control of EGB. The feeding effect of EGB on alcohol-induced liver damage (AILD) was investigated by measuring the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared with those of EtOH-fed mice. Furthermore, cytokine levels in the culture supernatants of EGB- or GB-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous quantification of four major ginsenosides in EGB using UPLC-QTOF/MS. Treatment with EGB at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg/mouse significantly suppressed the AST and ALT levels in mice with AILD. Enzyme-treated ginseng berry was also found to suppress the production of inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (NO), tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, showing higher activity than that of GB. The amount of ginsenoside Re, F5, F3, and Rd in the EGB obtained using UPLC-QTOF/MS was 45.9, 3.3, 4.0, and 6.2 mg/g, respectively. These results suggest that EGB has a potential effect on AILD, and its hepatoprotective effect provides beneficial insights into developing new candidates for the prevention and cure of AILD. Also, this study demonstrated the utility of UPLC-QTOF/MS-based major compounds for quality control (QC) of EGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Min-Jee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea.
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16
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Mohammadi S, Nezami A, Esmaeili Z, Rouini MR, Ardakani YH, Lavasani H, Hassanzadeh G, Ghazi-Khansari M. Pharmacokinetic changes of tramadol in rats with hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol and acetaminophen in perfused rat liver model. Alcohol 2019; 77:49-57. [PMID: 30248395 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol is an opioid agonist with activation monoaminergic properties. It can be administered orally, rectally, intravenously, or intramuscularly as a centrally acting analgesic. Liver injury can lead to changes in the metabolism of tramadol. In this study, the rate of tramadol metabolism in rats with damaged liver induced by ethanol and acetaminophen was assessed in a recirculation perfusion system. Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent, which can cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis in toxic doses, whereas alcohol causes death due to liver diseases. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), such as alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic fibrosis, is the most common liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration in tramadol metabolism in different hepatotoxicity conditions in animal models. Male rats were randomly assigned to three groups. The control group received normal saline, group 2 received acetaminophen at the dose of 250 mg/kg/day, and group 3 received ethanol at the beginning dose of 3 g/kg/day, which was slowly increased to 6 g/kg/day. Tramadol was added to the perfusion solution at the concentration of 500 ng/mL. Samples were collected during 180 min, and analyte concentrations were determined by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The concentration of tramadol and its three main metabolites, O-desmethyltramadol (M1), N-desmethyltramadol (M2), and N,O-didesmethyltramadol (M5), were determined in perfusate samples. Ethanol and acetaminophen significantly affected the pattern of weight gain and liver weights before perfusion and caused a significant increase in enzyme activities. Moreover, histopathologic examination revealed that ethanol and acetaminophen caused liver damage. An increase in the elimination half-life and reduced clearance rate of tramadol were seen in the acetaminophen and ethanol groups, in comparison to the control group. Additionally, significant reductions in the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of metabolites of tramadol (M1, M2, and M5) were observed in the acetaminophen and ethanol groups in the perfused rat liver model. Liver damage caused by ethanol and acetaminophen during 45 days in animals leads to a significant reduction in the level of tramadol metabolites. Therefore, in patients with liver damage caused by ethanol and acetaminophen, caution needs to be considered when prescribing tramadol.
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Whitfield JB, Zhu G, Madden PAF, Montgomery GW, Heath AC, Martin NG. Biomarker and Genomic Risk Factors for Liver Function Test Abnormality in Hazardous Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:473-482. [PMID: 30589442 PMCID: PMC6445646 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence and long-term excessive alcohol use may cause liver damage, but only some patients develop cirrhosis. Similarly, high alcohol intake without evident liver disease often but not always produces abnormal enzymatic liver function tests (LFTs), particularly gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). We postulate that the factors predisposing to cirrhosis in alcoholics and to liver enzyme abnormality in drinkers are similar, and that biochemical LFTs could therefore be useful as markers of risk of alcoholic liver disease in excessive drinkers. METHODS Data from participants in twin and twin-family studies on alcohol use and dependence were used to identify 1,003 people who had reported excessive alcohol intake (28 drinks or more per week). A total of 962 of these provided blood for biochemical tests at the same time. Body mass index (BMI) and biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and iron stores were used in logistic regression with abnormality in serum GGT, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as outcomes. We conducted genome-wide association analyses for GGT, ALT, and AST separately in the group reporting excessive alcohol intake (N = 951) and a low-intake group reporting 14 drinks or fewer per week (N = 8,716), and compared results. RESULTS Abnormal GGT and ALT among excessive drinkers were associated with higher BMI, triglycerides, insulin, uric acid, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and transferrin saturation; and with lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Abnormal AST was associated with triglycerides, ferritin, and transferrin saturation. ALT was significantly associated with variants at reported genetic loci for alcoholic liver disease (PNPLA3, rs738409, p = 0.0076; TM6SF2, rs10401969, p = 0.0076; HSD17B13, rs10433879, p = 0.0024). CONCLUSIONS Known risk factors for alcoholic cirrhosis including obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome, iron overload and inflammation are associated with liver enzyme abnormality in excessive drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry , Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry , Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Orally administration of Neolentinus lepideus extracts attenuated ethanol induced accumulation of hepatic lipid in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:243-251. [PMID: 30815316 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of the water extract of Neolentinus lepideus (WENL), an edible mushroom, on ethanol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Ethanol-induced oil red O-positive spots on AML-12 hepatocytes were attenuated by WENL treatment. Furthermore, the oral administration of WENL in acute and chronic ethanol-fed mouse models resulted in the decrease in blood triglyceride and the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. Interestingly, the transcriptional expression related to lipid metabolisms, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and cytochrome P450 2E1, was decreased by WENL treatment in both ethanol-induced AML-12 hepatocytes and our chronic ethanol-fed mouse models. In addition, WENL effectively attenuated the ethanol induced activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB in AML-12 hepatocytes. Taken together, our results suggested that WENL can be effective in alleviating alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and may be used as potential candidate for the prevention of alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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19
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Brain Control of Sexually Dimorphic Liver Function and Disease: The Endocrine Connection. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:169-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Psychosocial Risk Impacts Mortality in Women After Liver Transplantation. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019; 60:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang CW, Liao KW, Chan CC, Yu ML, Chuang HY, Chiang HC, Huang PC. Association between urinary thiodiglycolic acid level and hepatic function or fibrosis index in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:648-656. [PMID: 30384070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) on susceptibility to hepatotoxicity in children is unknown, although experimental studies have demonstrated a significantly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents exposed to VCM in early life. Epidemiological studies have revealed a high prevalence of liver fibrosis and abnormal liver function in workers exposed to high VCM levels. We aimed to assess the association among urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) level, abnormal liver function, and hepatic fibrosis in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex. A total of 303 school-aged (6-13 years) children within 10 km nearly a petrochemical complex was recruited in central Taiwan. First-morning urine and blood samples were collected from each subject, and urinary TDGA level was analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Liver function was determined by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed using the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4). Risk of hepatotoxicity induced by TDGA exposure was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. The median (range, subclinically abnormal %) AST and ALT levels of all subjects were 26.0 (17.0-99.0, 25.7%) and 15.0 (7.0-211.0, 5.9%) IU/L, respectively. Children in the highest urinary TDGA quartile (≥160.0 μg/g creatinine) exhibited significantly elevated median AST levels compared with those in the lowest quartiles (<35.4 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.033). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, children in the highest quartiles (Q4) of TDGA level had significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of subclinically abnormal AST (OR = 3.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-9.67) compared with those in the lowest quartile. A dose-response trend (p = 0.004) was observed. Our findings support the hypothesis that elevated urinary TDGA level in children living near petrochemical complex is associated with susceptibility to hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Liao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Huo X, Yang S, Sun X, Meng X, Zhao Y. Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Rats by Modulating Lipid Metabolism. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071623. [PMID: 29973492 PMCID: PMC6100631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhhizic acid (GA), including 18α-glycyrrhizic acid (18α-GA) and 18β-glycyrrhizic acid (18β-GA), is the main active ingredient of licorice. GA is generally considered an effective pharmacological strategy protecting against hepatic disease; however, the optimal compatibility proportion of 18α-GA and 18β-GA against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the underlying mechanism are not well established. Hence, this study was designed to explore the optimal compatibility proportion of 18α-GA and 18β-GA against ALD, followed by investigating the underlying mechanisms. SD rats were administered 40% ethanol once a day, accompanied by treatment with different proportions of 18α-GA and 18β-GA for four weeks. Then all rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta for biochemical assay. Livers were also collected and the liver function, lipid profile, ROS production, and mRNA and protein levels of related genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed. The results showed that 18α-GA and 18β-GA, particularly at a proportion of 4:6, significantly reduced liver damage, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress in ethanol-induced rats, as indicated by the decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aminotransferase (AST) in serum, improvement of liver histopathological changes, regulation of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and modulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malonaldehyde (MDA). Moreover, the combination treatment with 18α-GA and 18β-GA substantially reduced the mRNA and protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and acetyl-coal carboxylase (ACC); meanwhile, increased levels of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoy transferase-1 (CTP-1) in the liver tissues of ethanol-induced rats. In conclusion, our results indicated that the optimal compatibility proportion of 18α-GA and 18β-GA protecting against ALD was 4:6, and the mechanism was associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Sa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Kim NH, Heo JD, Rho JR, Yang MH, Jeong EJ. The Standardized Extract of Limonium tetragonum Alleviates Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury in C57Bl/6J Mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:58-63. [PMID: 29576702 PMCID: PMC5858243 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_44_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In traditional folk medicine, Limonium tetragonum is used in the treatment of uterine hemorrhage, tinnitus, and oligomenorrhea. Objective: This study aimed to identify the therapeutic effect of L. tetragonum EtOAc extract (EALT) on liver of mice with chronic alcohol poisoning. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered 100 mg/kg of EALT with a single binge ethanol/Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 8 weeks. Results: The chronic-binge ethanol diet induced a significant increase in liver marker enzyme activities. Coadministration of EALT reversed the elevation of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase due to chronic alcohol consumption. Histologic findings including markedly attenuated fat accumulation in hepatocytes were observed in EALT-treated mice. EALT supplementation prevented alcoholic liver injury through attenuation of inflammatory mediators such as toll-like receptor-4, cytochrome P4502E1, and cyclooxygenase-2, and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Conclusion: Results provided direct experimental evidence for the hepatoprotective effect of EALT in the NIAAA mouse model. Therapeutic attempts with the L. tetragonum extract might be useful in the management of alcoholic liver disease. SUMMARY Halophyte Limonium tetragonum has recently been of interest in Korea for its nutritional value and salty taste which made it an ideal vegetable Phytochemical analysis of L. tetragonum EtOAc extract (EALT) resulted in nine compounds including catechins and myricetin glycosides as main components Administration of EALT for 8 weeks showed hepatoprotective effect on Lieber-DeCarli diet-fed mouse model A significant decrease in liver marker enzymes and inflammatory mediators was also detected.
Abbreviations used: EALT: L. tetragonum EtOAc extract; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; CYP2E1: Cytochrome P4502E1; TLR-4: Toll-like receptor-4; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment and Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment and Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Zhang J, Wang C, Qu S, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Wang L. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:166-172. [PMID: 29399060 PMCID: PMC5769297 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO) on alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (10 rats per group), including alcohol group (alcohol intake), EO group (alcohol + EO puree intake) and control group (distilled water intake). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the levels of cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum as well as the liver tissue levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis was performed for detecting the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and CD68. The results indicated that EO intake significantly decreased ALT, AST, ALP, TG and CHO as well as the hepatic index in alcohol-treated rats. In addition, EO treatment relieved alcohol-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of MDA and TG, and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH levels. In addition, the expression of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-8, NF-κB and CD-68 in the liver were decreased by EO treatment. Furthermore, EO intake alleviated the histopathological liver damage, including severe steatosis and abundant infiltrated inflammatory cells. In conclusion, EO alleviated alcohol-induced liver injury in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Clinical Pharmacology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Clinical Pharmacology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Clinical Pharmacology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shengsheng Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Clinical Pharmacology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Clinical Pharmacology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Linyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Dubinkina VB, Tyakht AV, Odintsova VY, Yarygin KS, Kovarsky BA, Pavlenko AV, Ischenko DS, Popenko AS, Alexeev DG, Taraskina AY, Nasyrova RF, Krupitsky EM, Shalikiani NV, Bakulin IG, Shcherbakov PL, Skorodumova LO, Larin AK, Kostryukova ES, Abdulkhakov RA, Abdulkhakov SR, Malanin SY, Ismagilova RK, Grigoryeva TV, Ilina EN, Govorun VM. Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:141. [PMID: 29041989 PMCID: PMC5645934 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse has deleterious effects on human health by disrupting the functions of many organs and systems. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver diseases, with its composition manifesting expressed dysbiosis in patients suffering from alcoholic dependence. Due to its inherent plasticity, gut microbiota is an important target for prevention and treatment of these diseases. Identification of the impact of alcohol abuse with associated psychiatric symptoms on the gut community structure is confounded by the liver dysfunction. In order to differentiate the effects of these two factors, we conducted a comparative "shotgun" metagenomic survey of 99 patients with the alcohol dependence syndrome represented by two cohorts-with and without liver cirrhosis. The taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiota was subjected to a multifactor analysis including comparison with the external control group. RESULTS Alcoholic dependence and liver cirrhosis were associated with profound shifts in gut community structures and metabolic potential across the patients. The specific effects on species-level community composition were remarkably different between cohorts with and without liver cirrhosis. In both cases, the commensal microbiota was found to be depleted. Alcoholic dependence was inversely associated with the levels of butyrate-producing species from the Clostridiales order, while the cirrhosis-with multiple members of the Bacteroidales order. The opportunist pathogens linked to alcoholic dependence included pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae, while the hallmarks of cirrhosis included an increase of oral microbes in the gut and more frequent occurrence of abnormal community structures. Interestingly, each of the two factors was associated with the expressed enrichment in many Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus-but the exact set of the species was different between alcoholic dependence and liver cirrhosis. At the level of functional potential, the patients showed different patterns of increase in functions related to alcohol metabolism and virulence factors, as well as pathways related to inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Multiple shifts in the community structure and metabolic potential suggest strong negative influence of alcohol dependence and associated liver dysfunction on gut microbiota. The identified differences in patterns of impact between these two factors are important for planning of personalized treatment and prevention of these pathologies via microbiota modulation. Particularly, the expansion of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus suggests that probiotic interventions for patients with alcohol-related disorders using representatives of the same taxa should be considered with caution. Taxonomic and functional analysis shows an increased propensity of the gut microbiota to synthesis of the toxic acetaldehyde, suggesting higher risk of colorectal cancer and other pathologies in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika B. Dubinkina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Avenue Urbana, Champaign, IL 61801 USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Alexander V. Tyakht
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, Saint-Petersburg, 197101 Russia
| | - Vera Y. Odintsova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Yarygin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Boris A. Kovarsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Alexander V. Pavlenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Ischenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Anna S. Popenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Dmitry G. Alexeev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Anastasiya Y. Taraskina
- Saint-Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, Bekhtereva 3, Saint-Petersburg, 192019 Russia
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Saint-Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, Bekhtereva 3, Saint-Petersburg, 192019 Russia
| | - Evgeny M. Krupitsky
- Saint-Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, Bekhtereva 3, Saint-Petersburg, 192019 Russia
| | - Nino V. Shalikiani
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Shosse Entuziastov 86, Moscow, 111123 Russia
| | - Igor G. Bakulin
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Shosse Entuziastov 86, Moscow, 111123 Russia
| | - Petr L. Shcherbakov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Shosse Entuziastov 86, Moscow, 111123 Russia
| | - Lyubov O. Skorodumova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Andrei K. Larin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Elena S. Kostryukova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | | | - Sayar R. Abdulkhakov
- Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova 49, Kazan, 420012 Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, Kazan, 420008 Russia
| | | | | | | | - Elena N. Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, Moscow, 119435 Russia
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Xiao M, Yang R, Zhao YY, Zeng T. The common genetic variants in IL-1Β and IL-1RN may have no predisposition to alcoholic liver disease: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Åberg F, Helenius-Hietala J, Puukka P, Jula A. Binge drinking and the risk of liver events: A population-based cohort study. Liver Int 2017; 37:1373-1381. [PMID: 28276137 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Binge drinking or heavy episodic drinking is increasingly prevalent, but the health effects are incompletely understood. We investigated whether binge drinking increases the risk for liver disease above and beyond the risk due to average alcohol consumption. METHODS 6366 subjects without baseline liver disease who participated in the Finnish population-based Health 2000 Study (2000-2001), a nationally representative cohort. Follow-up data from national registers until 2013 were analysed for liver-related admissions, mortality and liver cancer. Binge drinking (≥5 drinks per occasion, standard drink 12 g ethanol) was categorised as weekly, monthly, or as less often or none. Multiple confounders were considered. RESULTS Eighty-four subjects developed decompensated liver disease. Binge drinking frequency showed a direct association with liver-disease risk after adjustment for average daily alcohol intake and age. After adjustment, the hazard ratios (HRs) for weekly and monthly binge drinking were 3.45 (P=.001) and 2.26 (P=.007) and were higher after excluding regular heavy drinkers. The HR for weekly binging was 6.82 (P=.02) in women; 2.34 (P=.03) in men; and 4.29 (P=.001) in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Weekly binge drinking and the metabolic syndrome produced supra-additive increases in the risk of decompensated liver disease. Weekly, and to a lesser extent monthly, binging retained significance in sequential multivariate models that additionally adjusted for beverage preference and lifestyle, metabolic, and socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking is associated with an increased risk for liver disease independently of average alcohol intake and confounders. The rising prevalence of binge drinking and the metabolic syndrome is particularly concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Helenius-Hietala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Puukka
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
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Schisandra sphenanthera extract (Wuzhi Tablet) protects against chronic-binge and acute alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the NRF2-ARE pathway in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:583-592. [PMID: 28924552 PMCID: PMC5595297 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse leads to alcoholic liver disease and no effective therapy is currently available. Wuzhi Tablet (WZ), a preparation of extract from Schisandra sphenanthera that is a traditional hepato-protective herb, exerted a significant protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in our recent studies, but whether WZ can alleviate alcohol-induced toxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of WZ to alcohol-induced liver injury by using chronic-binge and acute models of alcohol feeding. The activities of ALT and AST in serum were assessed as well as the level of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver. The expression of CYP2E1 and proteins in the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway including NRF2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1 were measured, and the effect of WZ on NRF2 transcriptional activity was determined. We found that both models resulted in liver steatosis accompanied by increased transaminase activities, but that liver injury was significantly attenuated by WZ. WZ administration also inhibited CYP2E1 expression induced by alcohol, and elevated the level of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver. Moreover, the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway was activated by WZ and the target genes were all upregulated. Furthermore, WZ significantly activated NRF2 transcriptional activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that WZ protected against alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant defense, possibly by activating the NRF2-ARE pathway.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcoholic liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alcoholic liver injury
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme
- EtOH, ethanol
- GCLC, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GCLM, glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- NRF2-ARE
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Schisandra sphenanthera
- WZ, Wuzhi Tablet.
- Wuzhi Tablet
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Hydroethanolic extract of Baccharis trimera ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Iqbal SS, Mujahid M, Kashif SM, Khalid M, Badruddeen, Arif M, Bagga P, Akhtar J, Rahman MA. Protection of hepatotoxicity using Spondias pinnata by prevention of ethanol-induced oxidative stress, DNA-damage and altered biochemical markers in Wistar rats. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:267-275. [PMID: 28462128 PMCID: PMC5390756 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional systems of medicine use herbal drugs for hepatoprotection. Thus, the study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Spondias pinnata bark extracts against ethanol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. METHODS Group I animals were treated with 1 mL/kg 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose and Group II with 12 mL/kg 50% ethanol for 8 consecutive days. Groups III-VII animals were first treated with 400 mg/kg petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, acetone extract (AE), ethanol extract (EE), and 100 mg/kg silymarin, and then 12 mL/kg 50% ethanol orally after 2 hours pretreatment each day for 8 consecutive days. Six hours after the last dose, blood was withdrawn. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed by several biochemical and antioxidant parameters. It was accomplished by the histopathology and DNA fragmentation study of liver tissues. RESULTS Treatment with S. pinnata extracts, mainly AE and EE significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) and dose-dependently prevented the ethanol-induced increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, bilirubin, and malondialdehyde, and decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and albumin. They also attenuated the ethanol-induced DNA damage. Hepatoprotective potential of the extract was less than that of standard drug silymarin. Results of the study were well supported by the histopathological observations. CONCLUSION S. pinnata extracts AE and EE possess a potent hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats, and protect them from hepatotoxicity by prevention of ethanol-induced oxidative stress, DNA-damage and altered biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md. Azizur Rahman
- Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Tian Y, Zhang F, Xu W, Li X, Shu Z, Wang Y, Huang K, Huang D. Inhibition of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Protects Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3117-3130. [PMID: 27746183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) by gut-derived endotoxin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Limiting the activation of resident KCs attenuates chronic ethanol-induced liver steatosis and injury. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 is suggested to play a role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found a significant increase of hepatic PARP activity in mice with short-term and long-term ethanol-induced ALD. Male mice on a long-term ethanol diet exhibited severe hepatic steatosis and apoptosis and enhanced KC activation and neutrophil infiltration. However, pharmacologic inhibition of PARP activity or genetic depletion of PARP1 significantly attenuated these detrimental effects in vivo. We found that inhibition of PARP1 effectively reduced hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and elevated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipolysis. Moreover, limited KC activation and neutrophil infiltration were observed in PARP1 knockout mice or PARP inhibitor-treated mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments found that LPS-induced macrophage activation was limited by PARP inhibitor, and exposure of ethanol-treated hepatocytes to this conditioned medium further decreased the number of apoptotic and steatotic cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that PARP1 inhibition protects against long-term ethanol-induced liver injury, as indicated by limited hepatocytes steatosis, apoptosis, inflammation levels, and neutrophil infiltration, mainly by limiting KC activation during the initiation of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunli Tian
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrao Li
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiping Shu
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Rosa-Toledo O, Almeida-Chuffa LG, Martinez M, Felipe-Pinheiro PF, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Maternal separation on the ethanol-preferring adult rat liver structure. Ann Hepatol 2016; 14:910-8. [PMID: 26436364 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1171783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background and rationale for the study. We designed to test whether there is interaction of maternal separation (MS) on the ethanol-preferring rats liver structure. The UCh rat pups were separated daily from their mothers during the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP), between four and 14 days-old, always at the same time for four hours in a cage containing eight subdivisions, one for each pup. Subsequently, rats that presented the highest (UChB) and the lowest (UChA) ethanol (EtOH) consumption were selected to the study. Both UChB and UChA rats received 10% (v/v) EtOH and distilled water ad libitum until the end of the experiment (120 days-old). The liver was collected to histological routine for morphometric and stereological analyses, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was an interaction of MS and EtOH on the liver: increased liver mass, peritubular vessels, stellate cell numbers, steatosis and cell death, decreased necrosis, sinusoidal capillary diameters and cell proliferation. While there was a decrease in FSH, testosterone and 5α-di-hidrotestosterone, and increasing corticosterone and cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS There is interaction of MS and EtOH on the liver structure, dependent on the amount of EtOH intake. Furthermore, the interaction of stress and drugs can increase or decrease their effects on the liver or indirectly via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos R Padovani
- Department of Biostatistic, Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Marchwicka A, Cunningham A, Marcinkowska E, Brown G. Therapeutic use of selective synthetic ligands for retinoic acid receptors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:957-71. [PMID: 27336223 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1205586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) revolutionised the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia to such an extent that it is now one of the most curable types of leukaemia, with ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy providing cure rates above 80%. Isotretinoin is used to treat chronic acne. Here, we examine the information described in recent patents and the extent to which new findings are influencing extending retinoid-based differentiation therapy to other cancers, as well as the development of new therapies for other disorders. AREAS COVERED A search has been performed on the literature and worldwide patents filed during 2014 to the present time, focusing on synthetic agonists and antagonists of retinoic acid receptors and novel compositions for the delivery of these agents. EXPERT OPINION New potential therapeutic applications have been described, including lung, breast and head and neck cancers, T cell lymphoma and neurodegenerative, metabolic, ophthalmic, muscle, and inflammatory disorders. Recent patents have described the means to maximise retinoid activity. Two decades of efforts to extend retinoid-based therapies have been disappointing and new synthetic retinoids, target diseases and modes of delivery may well resolve this long standing issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marchwicka
- a Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Alan Cunningham
- b Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- a Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- c Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco use disorders contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. Knowledge about the major elements of the natural history of substance use disorders (incidence, remission, persistence, and relapse) is crucial to a broader understanding of the course and outcomes of substance use disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Prospective cohort studies in nonclinical samples indicate that externalizing psychopathology in earlier life, including early disordered substance use, delinquency, and personality disorders, are related to substance use disorders later in life and chronic course. Externalizing psychopathology may be initiated by early adverse experiences, for example, childhood maltreatment and stressful life events. After controlling for confounders, 'age at first use' as a causal factor for alcohol use disorder later in life and the 'drug substitution' hypothesis are not supported in general population data. SUMMARY Future research should focus on elaborating the causal framework that leads to the development and persistence of severe substance use disorders, with an emphasis on identifying modifiable factors for intervention by policy makers or health professionals. More research is needed on the natural history of substance use disorders in low-income and middle-income countries.
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Abstract
The frequency of psychiatric illness presenting with liver disease occurs at rates higher than pure chance. This reflects the association between alcohol and drug dependence with acute and chronic liver toxicity and disease. Because mood and anxiety disorders are more common in substance use disorder, the link extends to higher rates of these disorders in patients with liver disease. Finally, liver disease can represent a chronic and painful condition that presents a significant physical and psychological stress for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Yates
- 4201 East 41st Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, william-yates @ouhsc.edu
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Seo JB, Jung SR, Hille B, Koh DS. Extracellular ATP protects pancreatic duct epithelial cells from alcohol-induced damage through P2Y1 receptor-cAMP signal pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:229-47. [PMID: 27197531 PMCID: PMC5493489 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) regulates cell death and survival of neighboring cells. The detailed effects are diverse depending on cell types and extracellular ATP concentration. We addressed the effect of ATP on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in epithelial cells, the cell type that experiences the highest concentrations of alcohol. Using pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC), we found that a micromolar range of ATP reverses all intracellular toxicity mechanisms triggered by exceptionally high doses of ethanol and, thus, improves cell viability dramatically. Out of the many purinergic receptors expressed in PDEC, the P2Y1 receptor was identified to mediate the protective effect, based on pharmacological and siRNA assays. Activation of P2Y1 receptors increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The protective effect of ATP was mimicked by forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP but inhibited by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89. Finally, ATP reverted leakiness of PDEC monolayers induced by ethanol and helped to maintain epithelial integrity. We suggest that purinergic receptors reduce extreme alcohol-induced cell damage via the cAMP signal pathway in PDEC and some other types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA.
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Ethanol effects on histobiochemical parameters of suckling pups borned from alcoholic rat mothers. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Shalikiani NV, Bakulin IG, Dubinkina VB, Ishchenko DS, Alexeev DG, Tyakht AV, Pavlenko AV, Ilyina EN, Kostryukova ES, Taraskina AE, Skorodumova LO, Maev IV, Govorun VM. [Specific features of the enteric microbiota composition in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 87:59-65. [PMID: 26978420 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015871259-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish the specific features of the taxonomic and functional composition of the enteric microbiota in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Metagenomic analysis was used to study the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the enteric microbiota in 20 patients with alcoholic LC. Total DNA was isolated from the patients' fecal samples; thereafter full genome sequencing was carried out. The metagenomic analysis yielded the results of the relative taxonomic and functional abundance of microbial species in the test samples. These were comparatively analyzed with the previously published metagenomic datasets of healthy population cohorts in the Russian Federation, as well as in Denmark, China, and the USA. RESULTS In the majority of patients, the dominant part of the intestinal community represented bacterial species constituting the normal human intestinal flora. At the same time, abnormal gut microbiota composition, which was suggestive of marked dysbacteriosis, was identified in a number of patients. In addition, pooled analysis of the data could identify a number of species with a statistically significantly increase and decrease in the relative abundance as compared to the control groups. Thus, the enteric microbiota of the patients with alcoholic LC showed a high proportion of bacteria characteristic of the oral cavity. Analysis of the pooled metabolic potential of the microbiota in these patients demonstrated the higher abundance of enzyme genes involved in alcohol metabolism. CONCLUSION In the patients with alcoholic LC, the microbiota composition changes identified in individual bacterial species may be associated with gastrointestinal comorbidities, such as chronic erosive gastritis, chronic pancreatitis, and gastric ulcer. The alterations occurring in alcoholic cirrhosis promote the penetration and generation of oral cavity-specific microorganisms in the human intestine. This may a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of liver diseases. The bacterial enzyme genes involved in alcohol metabolism have an increased abundance in patients with alcoholic LC and healthy volunteers from the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Shalikiani
- Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Bakulin
- Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - V B Dubinkina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - D S Ishchenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D G Alexeev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Tyakht
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Pavlenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Ilyina
- Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Kostryukova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - A E Taraskina
- Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L O Skorodumova
- Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Maev
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Govorun
- Research Institute of Physicochemical Medicine, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gleeson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rolland C Dickson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Milić S, Lulić D, Štimac D, Ružić A, Zaputović L. Cardiac manifestations in alcoholic liver disease. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:235-9. [PMID: 26850503 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is the most prevalent cause of progressive liver disease in Europe. Alcoholic cirrhosis occurs in 8%-20% of cases of alcoholic liver disease. It has significant influence on cardiovascular system and haemodynamics through increased heart rate, cardiac output, decreased systemic vascular resistance, arterial pressure and plasma volume expansion. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is characterised by systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysiological abnormalities, if no other underlying cardiac disease is present. It is often unmasked only during pharmacological or physiological stress, when compensatory mechanisms of the heart become insufficient to maintain adequate cardiac output. Low-to-moderate intake of alcohol can be cardioprotective. However, heavy drinking is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, atrial arrhythmias as well as haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is characterised by dilated left ventricle (LV), increased LV mass, normal or reduced LV wall thickness and systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Milić
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Davorka Lulić
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Davor Štimac
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Ružić
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Luka Zaputović
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Ion Channels and Oxidative Stress as a Potential Link for the Diagnosis or Treatment of Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3928714. [PMID: 26881024 PMCID: PMC4736365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3928714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from a disturbed balance between oxidation and antioxidant systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) may be either harmful or beneficial to the cells. Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that participate in a large variety of cellular functions and have been implicated in the development of a variety of diseases. A significant amount of the available drugs in the market targets ion channels. These proteins have sulfhydryl groups of cysteine and methionine residues in their structure that can be targeted by ROS and RNS altering channel function including gating and conducting properties, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways associated. The regulation of ion channels by ROS has been suggested to be associated with some pathological conditions including liver diseases. This review focuses on understanding the role and the potential association of ion channels and oxidative stress in liver diseases including fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer. The potential association between ion channels and oxidative stress conditions could be used to develop new treatments for major liver diseases.
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Schneider ACR, Rico EP, de Oliveira DL, Rosemberg DB, Guizzo R, Meurer F, da Silveira TR. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Effect on Behavior of Zebrafish During Chronic Ethanol Exposure. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:1-5. [PMID: 26862467 PMCID: PMC4744878 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is a widely consumed drug, which acts on the central nervous system to induce behavioral alterations ranging from disinhibition to sedation. Recent studies have produced accumulating evidence for the therapeutic role of probiotic bacteria in behavior. We aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on the behavior of adult zebrafish chronically exposed to ethanol. Adult wild-type zebrafish were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 15 fish. The following groups were formed: Control (C), received unsupplemented feed during the trial period; Probiotic (P), fed with feed supplemented with LGG; Ethanol (E), received unsupplemented feed and 0.5% of ethanol directly added to the tank water; and Probiotic+Ethanol (P+E), group under ethanol exposure (0.5%) and fed with LGG supplemented feed. After 2 weeks of exposure, the novel tank test was used to evaluate fish behavior, which was analyzed using computer-aided video tracking. LGG alone did not alter swimming behavior of the fish. Ethanol exposure led to robust behavioral effects in the form of reduced anxiety levels, as indicated by increased vertical exploration and more time spent in the upper region of the novel tank. The group exposed to ethanol and treated with LGG behaved similarly to animals exposed to ethanol alone. Taken together, these results show that zebrafish behavior was not altered by LGG per se, as seen in murine models. This was the first study to investigate the effects of a probiotic diet on behavior after a chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Reis Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação: Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC , Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Diogo Losch de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ranieli Guizzo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fábio Meurer
- Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) , Campus Jandaia do Sul, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Themis Reverbel da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação: Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rui BB, Chen H, Jang L, Li Z, Yang JM, Xu WP, Wei W. Melatonin Upregulates the Activity of AMPK and Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in Alcohol-induced Rats. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:11-9. [PMID: 26564773 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Melatonin is supposed to be an effective hepatoprotective agent. The effects and mechanisms of melatonin on alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) have not been well explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of melatonin on alcohol-induced fatty liver rats. METHODS The AFL rats were induced by intragastric infusion of alcohol plus a high-fat diet for 6 weeks, and melatonin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) was administered by gastric perfusion. We also established fatty acid overload cell model in HepG2 cells to investigate the effect of melatonin on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. RESULTS The results showed that melatonin (20 and 40 mg/kg) administration significantly reduced alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis with lowering activities of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and levels of serum and hepatic triglyceride. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased and the content of malondialdehyde was decreased in liver homogenates of rats treated with melatonin. Melatonin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver tissues of alcohol-induced rats as well. Additionally, in vitro studies showed that melatonin increased the expression of melatonin1A receptor (MT1R), whereas luzindole, a receptor antagonist of melatonin, had no effect on its expression. In addition, melatonin reduced the levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, and melatonin treatment could markedly reverse these effects. CONCLUSION In conclusion, melatonin could protect against liver injury caused by alcohol gastric perfusion. The effect may be related to alleviating lipid peroxidation and upregulating the activity of AMPK mediated by MT1R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-bei Rui
- Anhui No. 2 Province People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 200041, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Jang
- Anhui No. 2 Province People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 200041, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Anhui No. 2 Province People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 200041, China
| | - Jing-mo Yang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Wei-ping Xu
- Anhui Medical University affiliated Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
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Alcohol and the Intestine. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2573-88. [PMID: 26501334 PMCID: PMC4693248 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction in a subset of alcoholics. However, a subset of alcoholics without any of these predisposing factors can develop alcohol-mediated organ injury. The gastrointestinal tract (GI) could be an important source of inflammation in alcohol-mediated organ damage. The purpose of review was to evaluate mechanisms of alcohol-induced endotoxemia (including dysbiosis and gut leakiness), and highlight the predisposing factors for alcohol-induced dysbiosis and gut leakiness to endotoxins. Barriers, including immunologic, physical, and biochemical can regulate the passage of toxins into the portal and systemic circulation. In addition, a host of environmental interactions including those influenced by circadian rhythms can impact alcohol-induced organ pathology. There appears to be a role for therapeutic measures to mitigate alcohol-induced organ damage by normalizing intestinal dysbiosis and/or improving intestinal barrier integrity. Ultimately, the inflammatory process that drives progression into organ damage from alcohol appears to be multifactorial. Understanding the role of the intestine in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease can pose further avenues for pathogenic and treatment approaches.
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46
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Animal models of hepatotoxicity. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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47
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Cui R, Yan L, Luo Z, Guo X, Yan M. Blockade of store-operated calcium entry alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity via inhibiting apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:52-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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Molina PE, Gardner JD, Souza-Smith FM, Whitaker AM. Alcohol abuse: critical pathophysiological processes and contribution to disease burden. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:203-15. [PMID: 24789985 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00055.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse; the most common and costly form of drug abuse, is a major contributing factor to many disease categories. The alcohol-attributable disease burden is closely related to the average volume of alcohol consumption, with dose-dependent relationships between amount and duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and pneumonia. The frequent occurrence of alcohol use disorders in the adult population and the significant and widespread detrimental organ system effects highlight the importance of recognizing and further investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced tissue and organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Rodrigues GB, Rocha SWS, Santos LAMD, de Oliveira WH, Gomes FODS, de França MEDR, Lós DB, Peixoto CA. Diethylcarbamazine: Possible therapeutic alternative in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease in C57BL/6 mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:369-79. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO); Federal University of Pernambuco; Pernambuco Brazil
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Thirumalai T, Viviyan TS, Elumalai EK, David E. Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale Blume. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:381-5. [PMID: 23569797 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Enicostemma littorale (E. littorale) Blume (Ens) against ethanol induced hepatic injury in albino rats. METHODS Male albino rats of six numbers in each group were undertaken for study. Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of E. littorale Blume (Ens) aqueous leaf extract at a dosage of 250 mg/kg bw was evaluated. RESULTS Levels of serum and tissue cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids were elevated and levels of tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxide were increased in ethanol treated rats. The activity levels of liver antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) were decreased. After adiminstration of extract of E. littorale Blume, levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids were decreased in serum and liver tissue, levels of TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide were decreased, and liver antioxidant enzymes were increased in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the aqueous leaf extract of E. littorale Blume (Ens) has potent restorative effect on hyperlipidaemic and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thirumalai
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Voorhees College, Physiology Wing, Vellore-632 001, Tamilnadu, India
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