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Alali AA, Almadi MA, Barkun AN. Review article: Advances in the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:632-644. [PMID: 38158721 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common emergency with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Elective colonoscopy plays an essential role in management, with an even more important role for radiology in the acute setting. Recent advances in the management of patients with LGIB warrant review as the management has recently evolved. AIMS To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of advances in the approach to patients with LGIB METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search to examine the current data for this narrative review supplemented by expert opinion. RESULTS The incidence of LGIB is increasing worldwide, partly related to an ageing population and the increasing use of antithrombotics. Diverticulosis continues to be the most common aetiology of LGIB. Pre-endoscopic risk stratification tools, especially the Oakland score, can aid appropriate patient triage. Adequate resuscitation continues to form the basis of management, while appropriate management of antithrombotics is crucial to balance the risk of worsening bleeding against increased cardiovascular risk. Radiological imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of acute LGIB, especially among unstable patients. Colonoscopy remains the gold-standard test for the elective management of stable patients. CONCLUSIONS The management of LGIB has evolved significantly in recent years, with a shift towards radiological interventions for unstable patients while reserving elective colonoscopy for stable patients. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimise the outcomes of patients with LGIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alali
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Majid A Almadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alan N Barkun
- Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Kneiseler G, Dechêne A. [Gastrointestinal bleeding in old age]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 57:59-70. [PMID: 38108897 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-023-02258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent symptom, with increasing age as a risk factor. Upper, middle and lower gastrointestinal bleeding are differentiated depending on the location, whereby only upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding are elucidated in this article. The symptomatology varies depending on the localization of the bleeding. German and international clinical guidelines currently exist for the preclinical and clinical management of gastrointestinal bleeding. The main focus of the article is on pre-endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal nonvariceal and variceal bleeding, including the risk stratification, transfusion and coagulation management as well as the initial pharmacological treatment. In addition, current developments in endoscopic and interventional treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntje Kneiseler
- Medizinische Klinik 6 (Schwerpunkte Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie und Ernährungsmedizin) am Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Dechêne
- Medizinische Klinik 6 (Schwerpunkte Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie und Ernährungsmedizin) am Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
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Sugiyama T, Kojima Y, Hirata Y, Ebi M, Yoshimine T, Adachi K, Yamaguchi Y, Izawa S, Hijikata Y, Funaki Y, Ogasawara N, Sasaki M, Ohashi W, Sobue S, Kasugai K. Urgent colonoscopy is not necessary in case of colonic diverticular bleeding without extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:22-27. [PMID: 37989669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) increase with age and the administration of antiplatelet drugs. Colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is the most common cause of ALGIB, and endoscopic hemostasis is an effective treatment for massive CDB. But in patients without extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), the efficacy of urgent colonoscopy (UCS) is controversial from the point of the clinical course, including rebleeding rate. We aimed to establish a potential strategy including UCS for CDB patients without extravasation on CECT. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients from two centers treated for CDB without extravasation on CECT between July 2014 and July 2019 were retrospectively identified (n = 282). Seventy-four underwent UCS, and 208 received conservative management. We conducted two analyses. The first analysis investigates the risk factors of rebleeding rate within 5 days after administration (very early rebleeding), and no UCS (NUCS) was not the independent factor of the very early rebleeding. The second analysis is whether UCS positively influenced the clinical course after hospitalization. RESULTS The prevalence of very early rebleeding and early rebleeding (6-30 days from admission), patients requiring blood transfusion within 0-5 days and 6-30 days post-admission, and duration of hospitalization were examined as clinical course factors between UCS and NUCS group. There was no significant difference between the UCS and non-UCS groups in the clinical course factors. UCS for the CDB patients without extravasation was not improved rebleeding rate and clinical course. CONCLUSIONS UCS is not necessary in case ofCDB patient without extravasation on CECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, 1-1-1 Takaki, Kasugai, Aichi 486-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, 1-1-1 Takaki, Kasugai, Aichi 486-8510, Japan.
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yoshimine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Shinya Izawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Hijikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Funaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ohashi
- Division of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sobue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, 1-1-1 Takaki, Kasugai, Aichi 486-8510, Japan.
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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You HS, Kim DH, Cho SY, Park SY, Park CH, Kim HS, Choi SK. Risk factors for patients hospitalized with recurrent colon diverticular bleeding: a single center experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1195051. [PMID: 38020084 PMCID: PMC10661954 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1195051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is a common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with CDB are at increased risk for recurrence. Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical course of patients with CDB and identify risk factors for recurrent CDB (rCDB). Methods We included patients who were hospitalized at a single tertiary center for management of CDB between January 2005 and March 2020. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors of patients with rCDB as follows: model 1 adjusted by age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and presence of bilateral colon diverticula; model 2 adjusted by age, CCI, and presence of left side colon diverticula; model 3 adjusted by age, CCI, and presence of sigmoid colon diverticula. Results Among 219 patients (mean age, 68.0 years; 55 females), 56 and 163 had definite and presumptive CDB, respectively. During the median period of 506 days, 62 patients (28.3%) experienced rCDB. CCI score ≥ 4 was independently associated with rCDB in models 1, 2 and 3 (all p < 0.05). Age ≥ 75 years was independently associated with rCDB in models 1 and 2 (both p < 0.05). The presence of bilateral colon and sigmoid colon diverticula were independently associated with rCDB in models 1 and 3, respectively (both p < 0.05). Conclusion rCDB frequently occurred at any time in patients with previous CDB. High CCI scores and distribution of colon diverticula were associated with rCDB. Clinicians should consider a possible rCDB for a patient considering age, comorbidity, and distribution of colon diverticula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seon-Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Sano T, Ishikawa T, Azumi M, Sato R, Jimbo R, Kobayashi Y, Sato T, Iwanaga A, Yokoyama J, Honma T. Risk factors for difficult endoscopic hemostasis for colonic diverticular bleeding and efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35092. [PMID: 37713820 PMCID: PMC10508449 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for difficult endoscopic hemostasis in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for colonic diverticular bleeding. This study included 208 patients with colorectal diverticular hemorrhage. The non-interventional radiotherapy group consisted of patients who underwent successful spontaneous hemostasis (n = 131) or endoscopic hemostasis (n = 56), whereas the interventional radiotherapy group consisted of patients who underwent TAE (n = 21). Patient clinical characteristics were compared to identify independent risk factors for the interventional radiotherapy group. Furthermore, the hemostasis success rate, rebleeding rate, complications, and recurrence-free survival were compared between patients who underwent endoscopic hemostasis and those who underwent TAE. Bleeding from the right colon (odds ratio [OR]: 7.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-38.8; P = .0113) and systolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg (OR: 0.108; 95% CI: 0.0189-0.62; P = .0126) were identified as independent risk factors for the interventional radiology group. The hemostasis success rate (P = 1.00), early rebleeding rate (within 30 days) (P = .736), late rebleeding rate (P = 1.00), and recurrence-free survival rate (P = .717) were not significantly different between the patients who underwent TAE and those who underwent endoscopic hemostasis. Patients in the TAE group experienced more complications than those in the endoscopic hemostasis group (P < .001). Complications included mild intestinal ischemia (19.0%) and perforation requiring surgery (4.8%). Patients who required interventional radiotherapy were more likely to bleed from the right colon and presented with a systolic blood pressure of <80 mm Hg. TAE is an effective treatment for patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage that is refractory to endoscopic hemostasis. However, complications must be monitored carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Sano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motoi Azumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akito Iwanaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junji Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Terasu Honma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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6
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Hayasaka J, Kikuchi D, Ishii N, Kobayashi K, Yamauchi A, Yamada A, Omori J, Ikeya T, Aoyama T, Tominaga N, Sato Y, Kishino T, Sawada T, Murata M, Takao A, Mizukami K, Kinjo K, Fujimori S, Uotani T, Fujita M, Sato H, Suzuki S, Narasaka T, Funabiki T, Kinjo Y, Mizuki A, Kiyotoki S, Mikami T, Gushima R, Fujii H, Fuyuno Y, Gunji N, Toya Y, Narimatsu K, Manabe N, Nagaike K, Kinjo T, Sumida Y, Funakoshi S, Kobayashi K, Matsuhashi T, Komaki Y, Miki K, Watanabe K, Odagiri H, Hoteya S, Kaise M, Nagata N. Weekend Effect on Clinical Outcomes of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Large Multicenter Cohort Study in Japan. Dig Dis 2023; 41:890-899. [PMID: 37669627 DOI: 10.1159/000533744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weekend admissions showed increased mortality in several medical conditions. This study aimed to examine the weekend effect on acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) and its mortality and other outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study (CODE BLUE-J Study) was conducted at 49 Japanese hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019. In total, 8,120 outpatients with acute hematochezia were enrolled and divided into weekend admissions and weekday admissions groups. Multiple imputation (MI) was used to handle missing values, followed by propensity score matching (PSM) to compare outcomes. The primary outcome was mortality; the secondary outcomes were rebleeding, length of stay (LOS), blood transfusion, thromboembolism, endoscopic treatment, the need for interventional radiology, and the need for surgery. Colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) management were also evaluated. RESULTS Before PSM, there was no significant difference in mortality (1.3% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.133) between weekend and weekday admissions. After PSM with MI, 1,976 cases were matched for each admission. Mortality was not significantly different for weekend admissions compared with weekday admissions (odds ratio [OR] 1.437, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.785-2.630; p = 0.340). No significant difference was found with other secondary outcomes in weekend admissions except for blood transfusion (OR 1.239, 95% CI 1.084-1.417; p = 0.006). Weekend admission had a negative effect on early colonoscopy (OR 0.536, 95% CI 0.471-0.609; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, urgent CT remained significantly higher in weekend admissions (OR 1.466, 95% CI 1.295-1.660; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Weekend admissions decrease early colonoscopy and increase urgent CT but do not affect mortality or other outcomes except transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Omori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kishino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Sawada
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinari Takao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ken Kinjo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunji Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uotani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujita
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Division of Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Digestive Disease and University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Narasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Endoscopic Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Funabiki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kinjo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Naha City Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Mizuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Kiyotoki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuto General Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Gushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Fuyuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohiko Gunji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Narimatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Manabe
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaike
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinjo
- Department of Endoscopy, University of the Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yorinobu Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Funakoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, and Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kuniko Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Odagiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Hoteya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kaise
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Amano H, Yamamoto T, Ikusaka K, Aoki N, Sakurai M, Honda T, Maruyama K, Aoyagi H, Isono A, Abe K, Asaoka Y, Kodashima S, Tanaka A. Clinical Factors Associated with Severity of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding and Impact of Bleeding Site. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051826. [PMID: 36902613 PMCID: PMC10003528 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with serious colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) are unclear, although the incidence of CDB has increased. We carried out this study to clarify factors associated with serious CDB and rebleeding. Subjects included 329 consecutive patients hospitalized for confirmed or suspected CDB between 2004 and 2021. Patients were surveyed regarding backgrounds, treatment, and clinical course. Of 152 with confirmed CDB, 112 showed bleeding from the right colon, and 40 did from the left colon. Patients received red blood cell transfusions in 157 (47.7%), interventional radiology in 13 (4.0%), and surgery in 6 (1.8%) cases. Early rebleeding within one month occurred in 75 (22.8%) patients, and late rebleeding within one year occurred in 62 (18.8%). Factors associated with red blood cell transfusion included confirmed CDB, anticoagulants, and high shock index. The only factor related to interventional radiology or surgery was confirmed CDB, which was also associated with early rebleeding. Late rebleeding was associated with hypertension, chronic kidney disease and past CDB. Right CDB showed higher rates of transfusion and invasive treatment than left CDB. Confirmed CDB had high frequencies of transfusion, invasive treatment, and early rebleeding. Right CDB seemed to be a risk for serious disease. Factors related to late rebleeding were different from those related to early rebleeding of CDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Amano
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya Central Hospital, Nagoya 453-0801, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-1211; Fax: +81-3-3964-7396
| | - Ken Ikusaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Naoaki Aoki
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Miyoko Sakurai
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Taku Honda
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kyohei Maruyama
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Akari Isono
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koichiro Abe
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Asaoka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shinya Kodashima
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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8
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Ichita C, Shimizu S, Sasaki A, Sumida C, Nishino T, Kimura K. Effectiveness of early colonoscopy in patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage: A single-center retrospective cohort study. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 14:759-768. [PMID: 36567825 PMCID: PMC9782567 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i12.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend colonoscopy within 24 h for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding; however, the evidence in support for colonic diverticular hemorrhage (CDH) indications remains insufficient.
AIM To investigate the effectiveness of early colonoscopy on the length of hospital stay for CDH patients.
METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent colonoscopy within 24 h of presentation (early group) were compared with those who underwent colonoscopy beyond 24 h of presentation (elective group). The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay, and secondary outcomes were the identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH), rebleeding, red blood cell transfusion more than 4 units, and interventional radiology and abdominal surgery after colonoscopy.
RESULTS We identified 574 CDH cases. Patients were divided into the early (n = 328) and elective (n = 226) groups. After propensity score matching, 191 pairs were generated. The length of hospital stay did not significantly differ between the two groups (early group vs elective group; median, 7 vs 8 d; P = 0.10). The early group had a significantly high identification of SRH (risk difference, 11.6%; 95%CI: 2.7 to 20.3; P = 0.02). No significant differences were found in the rebleeding (risk difference, 4.7%; 95%CI: -4.1 to 13.5; P = 0.35), red blood cell transfusion more than 4 units (risk difference, 1.6%; 95%CI: -7.5 to 10.6; P = 0.82), and interventional radiology and abdominal surgery rate after colonoscopy (risk difference, 0.5%; 95%CI: -2.2 to 3.2; P = 1.00).
CONCLUSION Early colonoscopy within 24 h, on arrival for CDH, could not improve the length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikamasa Ichita
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shimizu
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Karen Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Ichita C, Nakajima M, Ohbe H, Kaszynski RH, Sasaki A, Miyamoto Y, Kondo Y, Sasabuchi Y, Fushimi K, Matsui H, Yasunaga H. Effectiveness of early colonoscopy in patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage: Nationwide inpatient analysis in Japan. Dig Endosc 2022; 35:520-528. [PMID: 36401801 DOI: 10.1111/den.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current guidelines recommend colonoscopy within 24 h for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding; however, the evidence in support for colonic diverticular hemorrhage (CDH) indications remains insufficient. We use a nationwide database to investigate the effectiveness of early colonoscopy for CDH. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database and identified patients who were admitted for CDH from 2010 to 2017. Patients who underwent colonoscopy on the same day of admission (early group) were compared with those who underwent colonoscopy on the next day of admission (elective group). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, total hospitalization cost, fasting period, and the prevalence of re-colonoscopy, interventional radiology or abdominal surgery. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS We identified 74,569 eligible patients. Patients were divided into the early (n = 46,759) and elective (n = 27,810) groups. After propensity score matching, 27,696 pairs were generated. In-hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups (0.49% in the early group vs. 0.41% in the elective group; risk difference 0.08%; 95% confidence interval -0.02 to 0.19; P = 0.14). The early group had a significantly longer length of hospital stay, higher total hospitalization cost, longer fasting period, and higher prevalence of re-colonoscopy and abdominal surgery. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of early colonoscopy conducted on the same day of admission for CDH could not be confirmed. Early colonoscopy may not result in favorable outcomes in CDH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikamasa Ichita
- Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakajima
- Emergency Life-Saving Technique Academy of Tokyo, Foundation for Ambulance Service Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard H Kaszynski
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sasaki
- Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Informatics and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Kojima Y, Katano T, Shimura T, Shimohira M, Sugiyama T, Ebi M, Harada T, Yamamoto Y, Hirata Y, Kataoka H. Efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for first-line treatment of colonic diverticular bleeding with extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31442. [PMID: 36343028 PMCID: PMC9646497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is the most frequent cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for CDB as first-line treatment with extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), compared with endoscopic hemostasis. Three Japanese institutions participated in this retrospective cohort study. Data from consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of CDB with extravasation on CECT were reviewed. One hospital performed TAE and the others conducted urgent colonoscopy (CS) as the first-line treatment for CDB with extravasation on CECT. The primary outcome was rebleeding rate within 30 days after first-line treatment. In total, 165 CDB cases with extravasation on CECT (TAE group, n = 39; CS group, n = 126) were analyzed in this study. The rebleeding rate within 30 days was significantly lower in the TAE group (7.69%) than in the CS group (23.02%; P = .038). The bleeding point detection rate was significantly higher in the TAE group (89.74%, 35/39) than in the CS group (37.30%, 47/126; P < .0001). Even in those cases in which a bleeding point was detected, the rebleeding rate was significantly lower in the TAE group (0%) than in the endoscopic hemostasis-success group (23.91%; P = .005). No severe complications of Grade 3 or more were seen with TAE. We showed that TAE is an effective, safe hemostatic method, and a useful alternative to endoscopic hemostasis for first-line treatment of CDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takahito Katano, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimohira
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahito Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Takaki-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Takaki-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Takaki-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Kim YS. [Diagnosis and Treatment of Colonic Diverticular Disease]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 79:233-243. [PMID: 35746837 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colonic diverticulosis is one of the most common conditions of the digestive system and patients generally remain asymptomatic. However, about 20% of patients develop symptomatic diverticular disease such as acute diverticulitis or diverticular hemorrhage, and these have become a huge burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Recent understanding of the pathophysiology of diverticulosis and diverticular disease suggests the role of multiple factors including genetic and environment. Based on this understanding, a preventive strategy to reduce the risk factors of diverticulosis and diverticular disease is highly recommended. The diagnosis of the acute diverticulitis relies on imaging modalities such as an abdominal-pelvic CT scan together with symptoms and signs. Treatment of diverticular disease should be individualized and include modification of lifestyle, use of antibiotics, and surgery. Recent guidelines recommend pursuing less aggressive treatment for patients with acute diverticulitis. This review will provide an overview of both the existing and evolving understanding regarding colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease and can help clinicians in the management of their patients with diverticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Gobinet-Suguro M, Nagata N, Kobayashi K, Yamauchi A, Yamada A, Omori J, Ikeya T, Aoyama T, Tominaga N, Sato Y, Kishino T, Ishii N, Sawada T, Murata M, Takao A, Mizukami K, Kinjo K, Fujimori S, Uotani T, Fujita M, Sato H, Suzuki S, Narasaka T, Hayasaka J, Funabiki T, Kinjo Y, Mizuki A, Kiyotoki S, Mikami T, Gushima R, Fujii H, Fuyuno Y, Gunji N, Toya Y, Narimatsu K, Manabe N, Nagaike K, Kinjo T, Sumida Y, Funakoshi S, Kawagishi K, Matsuhashi T, Komaki Y, Miki K, Watanabe K, Uemura N, Itawa E, Sugimoto M, Fukuzawa M, Kawai T, Kaise M, Itoi T. Treatment strategies for reducing early and late recurrence of colonic diverticular bleeding based on stigmata of recent hemorrhage: a large multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:1210-1222.e12. [PMID: 34979112 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment strategies for colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) based on stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) remain unstandardized, and no large studies have evaluated their effectiveness. We sought to identify the best strategy among combinations of SRH identification and endoscopic treatment strategies. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 5823 CDB patients who underwent colonoscopy at 49 hospitals throughout Japan (CODE-BLUE J-Study). Three strategies were compared: find SRH (definitive CDB) and treat endoscopically, find SRH (definitive CDB) and treat conservatively, and without finding SRH (presumptive CDB) treat conservatively. In conducting pairwise comparisons of outcomes in these groups, we used propensity score-matching analysis to balance baseline characteristics between the groups being compared. RESULTS Both early and late recurrent bleeding rates were significantly lower in patients with definitive CDB treated endoscopically than in those with presumptive CDB treated conservatively (<30 days, 19.6% vs 26.0% [P < .001]; <365 days, 33.7% vs 41.6% [P < .001], respectively). In patients with definitive CDB, the early recurrent bleeding rate was significantly lower in those treated endoscopically than in those treated conservatively (17.4% vs 26.7% [P = .038] for a single test of hypothesis; however, correction for multiple testing of data removed this significance). The late recurrent bleeding rate was also lower, but not significantly, in those treated endoscopically (32.0% vs 36.1%, P = .426). Definitive CDB treated endoscopically showed significantly lower early and late recurrent bleeding rates than when treated conservatively in cases of SRH with active bleeding, nonactive bleeding, and in the right-sided colon but not left-sided colon. CONCLUSIONS Treating definitive CDB endoscopically was most effective in reducing recurrent bleeding over the short and long term, compared with not treating definitive CDB or presumptive CDB. Physicians should endeavor to find and treat SRH for suspected CDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gobinet-Suguro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Omori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kishino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Sawada
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinari Takao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ken Kinjo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunji Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uotani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujita
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Digestive Disease and Division of Endoscopy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Narasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Division of Endoscopic Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Funabiki
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kinjo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Naha City Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Mizuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Kiyotoki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuto General Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Gushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Fuyuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohiko Gunji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Narimatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Manabe
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaike
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinjo
- Department of Endoscopy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yorinobu Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Funakoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, and Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kuniko Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eri Itawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitushige Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Fukuzawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kaise
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Leifeld L, Germer CT, Böhm S, Dumoulin FL, Frieling T, Kreis M, Meining A, Labenz J, Lock JF, Ritz JP, Schreyer A, Kruis W. S3-Leitlinie Divertikelkrankheit/Divertikulitis – Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:613-688. [PMID: 35388437 DOI: 10.1055/a-1741-5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Leifeld
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Gastroenterologie und Allgemeine Innere Medizin, St. Bernward Krankenhaus, Hildesheim, apl. Professur an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Stephan Böhm
- Spital Bülach, Spitalstrasse 24, 8180 Bülach, Schweiz
| | | | - Thomas Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie, Neurogastroenterologie, Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld
| | - Martin Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 2, Zentrum für Innere Medizin (ZIM), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Joachim Labenz
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Evang. Jung-Stilling-Krankenhaus, Siegen
| | - Johan Friso Lock
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Jörg-Peter Ritz
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Helios Klinikum Schwerin
| | - Andreas Schreyer
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane Klinikum Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Kruis
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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14
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Hayasaka J, Kikuchi D, Odagiri H, Nomura K, Ochiai Y, Okamura T, Suzuki Y, Mitsunaga Y, Dan N, Tanaka M, Yamashita S, Matsui A, Hoteya S. Effectiveness of Clipping for Definitive Colonic Diverticular Bleeding in Preventing Early Recurrent Bleeding. Intern Med 2022; 61:451-460. [PMID: 35173136 PMCID: PMC8907776 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7702-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Clipping is a common technique for managing colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB), despite the lack of published evidence regarding its effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of clipping for CDB in preventing early recurrent bleeding. Methods This dual-center retrospective study included 93 patients who underwent emergency hospitalization for bloody stool, diagnosed with definitive CDB, and treated with clipping or conservative treatment. The primary outcome was early recurrent bleeding. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the occurrence of early recurrent bleeding and clipping with adjustment for propensity scores. Secondary outcomes included death, transfusion, length of hospitalization, need for transcatheter arterial embolization or surgery, and adverse events. Results The patient characteristics were similar between the clipping (n=85) and conservative treatment (n=8) groups. The rate of early recurrent bleeding was significantly lower in the clipping group than in the conservative treatment group [23.5% (20 cases) vs. 75% (6 cases), p=0.005]. In the propensity score-adjusted logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for early recurrent bleeding in the clipping group was 0.094 (95% confidence interval, 0.008-0.633, p=0.026). Secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. Stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) at the time of recurrent bleeding was identified in 79.2% of patients (19/24). In the clipping group, recurrent bleeding was observed in 62.5% of cases (10/16) from the same diverticulum. However, early recurrent bleeding tended to be less likely with direct clipping (p=0.072). Conclusion Clipping for definite CDB was more effective in preventing early recurrent bleeding than conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Yugo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiro Dan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Shu Hoteya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
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15
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Kawano K, Takenaka M, Kawano R, Kagoshige D, Kawase Y, Moriguchi T, Tanabe H, Katoh T, Nishi K, Kudo M. Efficacy of Over-The-Scope Clip Method as a Novel Hemostatic Therapy for Colonic Diverticular Bleeding. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132891. [PMID: 34209655 PMCID: PMC8268121 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic diverticular could bleed recurrently, and, sometimes, fatal massive bleeding could occur. However, the choice of endoscopic hemostasis remains controversial. Although the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) method has been reported to be effective, it has not been fully evaluated due to the small number of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the OTSC method for colonic diverticular bleeding. Between August 2017 and December 2020, 36 consecutive patients, including those who could not be treated using endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and those in whom re-bleeding had occurred after EBL, underwent the OTSC method for hemostasis of colonic diverticular bleeding at Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center. The procedure success rate, adverse events rate, early phase re-bleeding rate (within 30 days following primary hemostasis), and the requirement rate for additional transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or surgery were the outcomes assessed. The outcomes were procedure success rate 100%, adverse events rate 0%, early phase re-bleeding rate 8.3%, and additional TAE or surgery rate 0%. These results suggest that the OTSC method is a safe and effective treatment for managing colonic diverticular bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kawano
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-366-0221
| | - Reiko Kawano
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Daisuke Kagoshige
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Yuta Kawase
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomonori Moriguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Takao Katoh
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Katsuhisa Nishi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto 656-0021, Japan; (K.K.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (Y.K.); (T.M.); (H.T.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
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Sato Y, Yasuda H, Nakamoto Y, Kiyokawa H, Yamashita M, Matsuo Y, Maehata T, Yamamoto H, Itoh F. Risk Factors for Late Rebleeding of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding in Elderly Individuals. JOURNAL OF THE ANUS RECTUM AND COLON 2021; 5:148-157. [PMID: 33937555 PMCID: PMC8084535 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2020-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics of colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) in elderly individuals. Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted at a single tertiary center. A total of 519 patients (356 men and 163 women; mean age of 73.1 ± 12.5 years) with CDB and hospitalized between January 2004 and May 2019 were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups: the elderly (274 individuals aged ≥75 years; mean age, 82.1 ± 5.3 years) and non-elderly (245 individuals aged <75 years; mean age, 63.0 ± 10.3 years) groups. Primary outcomes were early and late rebleeding rates, and secondary outcomes were the risk factors for late rebleeding in elderly individuals. Rebleeding occurring within 30 days of hospitalization was defined as early rebleeding, whereas rebleeding occurring after 31 days was defined as late rebleeding. Results The early rebleeding rates were 30.6% and 33.1% (p = 0.557) in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively. The late rebleeding rates were 42.3% and 30.6% (p = 0.005) in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively. The 3-year recurrence-free survival was 63.6% in the elderly group and 75.6% in the non-elderly group (log-rank test: p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [odds ratio (OR), 3.55], chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.89), and presence of bilateral diverticula (OR, 1.83) as the independent risk factors for late rebleeding in elderly individuals. Conclusions Elderly individuals with CDB require careful follow-up even after discharge. Furthermore, it is important to consider discontinuing NSAIDs to prevent rebleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamashita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Matsuo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadateru Maehata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Miyamoto Y, Ohbe H, Ishimaru M, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Effect of tranexamic acid in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: A nationwide inpatient database study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:999-1005. [PMID: 32889749 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) remains unknown in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding, which is one of the most common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We investigated the efficacy of TXA for patients with colonic diverticular bleeding. METHODS We performed a nationwide observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database and identified patients who were admitted for diverticular bleeding from 2010 to 2018. Patients who received TXA on the day of admission comprised the TXA group, and the remaining patients comprised the control group. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included severe bleeding, blood transfusion within 7 days of admission, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was performed to compare outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS Overall, 78 291 patients met our eligibility criteria, and 30 526 matched pairs were created by one-to-one propensity score matching. After matching, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.30); however, TXA administration was associated with significantly lower proportions of severe bleeding events (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99), blood transfusions (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84-0.92), shorter length of stay (difference, -0.23 days; 95% CI, -0.01 to -0.44 days), and lower total hospitalization costs (difference, -$233; 95% CI, -$153 to -$314). CONCLUSIONS Although TXA was not significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality, it may reduce severe bleeding, blood transfusions, length of stay, and hospitalization costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ishimaru
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Sato Y, Yasuda H, Nakamoto Y, Kiyokawa H, Yamashita M, Matsuo Y, Maehata T, Yamamoto H, Mimura H, Itoh F. Risk factors of interventional radiology/surgery for colonic diverticular bleeding. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:343-349. [PMID: 33732880 PMCID: PMC7936614 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) stops spontaneously, but sometimes, excessive bleeding does not allow hemostasis and requires interventional radiology (IR)/surgery. We examined risk factors in patients who required IR/surgery for CDB and late recurrent bleeding rate after IR/surgery. Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary center. We included 608 patients who required hospitalization for CDB. Patients were investigated for risk factors using logistic regression analysis. We also investigated early and late recurrent bleeding rates following IR/surgery. Results In 261 patients (42.9%), the bleeding source was identified, and endoscopic hemostasis was performed; 23 (3.8%) required IR/surgery. In multivariate analysis, shock state with a blood pressure of ≤90 mmHg (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 20.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.08-79.5), positive extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (P < 0.001; OR 9.5, 95% CI 2.85-31.4), two or more early recurrent bleeding episodes (P = 0.002; OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.14-25.4), and right colon as the source of bleeding (P = 0.023; OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.25-14.0) were independent risk factors requiring IR/surgery. Early recurrent bleeding was observed in 0% and 28.0% patients (P < 0.001) in the IR/surgery and no IR/surgery groups, respectively, whereas late recurrent bleeding rate was observed in 43.4% and 30.7% patients (P = 0.203) in the IR/surgery and no IR/surgery groups, respectively. Four patients who required surgery experienced late recurrent bleeding at a site different from the initial CDB. Conclusions Although IR/surgery is an effective hemostatic treatment wherein endoscopic treatment is unsuccessful, late recurrent bleeding cannot be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Masaki Yamashita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Yasumasa Matsuo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Tadateru Maehata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Hidefumi Mimura
- Department of Radiology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan
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Extravasation and fluid collection on computed tomography imaging in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229884. [PMID: 32271779 PMCID: PMC7145113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the characteristics of patients with diverticular bleeding in whom emergency endoscopy should be proactively performed and those in whom it is unnecessary for spontaneous hemostasis following conservative treatment. Methods This study involved 132 patients in whom diverticular bleeding was diagnosed on lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. We evaluated the rate of identification of the bleeding diverticulum during endoscopy and the rate of spontaneous hemostasis following conservative treatment. Results In 26 patients (20%), bleeding diverticulum was identified during endoscopy. Extravasation or fluid collection on CT imaging was an important factor of successful identification of the bleeding source on endoscopy. Of the 104 patients in the conservative treatment group, 91 (87%) were able to be discharged after spontaneous hemostasis. Univariate analysis revealed a high rate of spontaneous hemostasis in patients without extravasation and fluid collection on CT imaging, those without adhesion of blood during endoscopy, those without diabetes, and those with a hemoglobin level ≥10 g/dL. Conclusion In patients with colonic diverticular bleeding, extravasation or fluid collection on CT is an important factor related to the identification of the bleeding diverticulum. Patients without characteristic CT findings had a high rate of spontaneous hemostasis after conservative treatment. Background Diverticular bleeding is the most frequent cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding accounting for 20%–40% of all cases in Japan and 20%–48% of all those in the Western countries[1, 2]. The prevalence of colonic diverticula tends to increase with age; thus, the overall prevalence of diverticular bleeding is expected to increase in the future. In Japan, the Japanese Gastroenterological Association published guidelines on colonic diverticulitis in 2017; these guidelines recommend the performance of lower gastrointestinal endoscopic examination within 24 h in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding suspected to be diverticular bleeding[3]. It has been reported that, for patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, urgent endoscopy helps avoid embolotherapy, colectomy, massive blood transfusion, and repeat bleeding[1, 4, 5]. However, it is often difficult to identify the bleeding point [6]; further, there are many challenging cases wherein it is difficult to decide whether urgent endoscopy should be performed in situations where there is insufficient medical staff, such as during nighttime and on holidays. Bleeding is reported to stop spontaneously with conservative treatment alone in 70% of diverticular bleeding cases[7, 8]. In particular, when determining the treatment policy for diverticular bleeding and in the case of patients at high risk of complications following endoscopy, such as older patients, those with poor performance status or cardiovascular disease, and those in whom spontaneous hemostasis can be expected, urgent endoscopy should be avoided, and elective endoscopy should be selected. Therefore, the type of cases wherein urgent endoscopy is effective and the type wherein it is unnecessary need to be clarified. Thus far, there have been very few reports of the characteristics of patients with diverticular bleeding in whom spontaneous hemostasis was achieved. We aimed to assess the characteristics of patients in whom emergency endoscopy should be proactively performed and those for whom it is unnecessary. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed the identification rate for the responsible diverticulum in patients with diverticular bleeding and the rate of spontaneous hemostasis following conservative treatment.
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20
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Kaise M, Nagata N, Ishii N, Omori J, Goto O, Iwakiri K. Epidemiology of colonic diverticula and recent advances in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding. Dig Endosc 2020; 32:240-250. [PMID: 31578767 DOI: 10.1111/den.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is the East-West paradox in prevalence and phenotype of colonic diverticula, but colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding worldwide. Death from CDB can occur in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, thus the management of CDB is clinically pivotal amid the aging populations in the East and West. Colonoscopy is the key modality for managing the condition appropriately; however, conventional endoscopic hemostasis by thermal coagulation and clipping cannot achieve the expected results of preventing early rebleeding and conversion to intensive intervention by surgery or transcatheter arterial embolization. Ligation therapy by endoscopic band ligation or endoscopic detachable snare ligation has emerged recently to enable more effective hemostasis for CDB, with an early rebleeding rate of approximately 10% and very rare conversion to intensive intervention. Ligation therapy might in turn reduce long-term rebleeding rates by eliminating the target diverticulum itself. Adverse events have been reported with ligation therapy including diverticulitis of the ascending colon in less than 1% of cases and perforation of the sigmoid colon in a few cases, thus more data are necessary to verify the safety of ligation therapy. Endoscopic hemostasis is indicated only for diverticulum with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH), but the detection rates of SRH are relatively low. Therefore, efforts to increase detection are also key for improving CDB management. Urgent colonoscopy and triage by early contrast-enhanced computed tomography may be candidates to increase detection but further data are necessary in order to make a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kaise
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Omori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Adegboyega T, Rivadeneira D. Lower GI Bleeding: An Update on Incidences and Causes. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2019; 33:28-34. [PMID: 31915423 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The colon represents the vast majority of the location of bleeding with only a much smaller incidence occurring in the small intestine. The major causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) are from diverticulosis, vascular malformations, and cancer. We discuss the incidence and causes of LGIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo Adegboyega
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Hofstra University, Northwell Health System, New York
| | - David Rivadeneira
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Hofstra University, Northwell Health System, New York
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22
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Wada M, Nishizawa T, Kato M, Hirai Y, Kinoshita S, Mori H, Nakazato Y, Fujimoto A, Kikuchi M, Uraoka T, Kanai T. Colonic diverticular bleeding and predictors of the length of hospitalization: An observational study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1351-1356. [PMID: 30636058 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A significant percentage of patients with colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) experience bleeding that is severe enough to necessitate prolonged hospitalization. Prolonged hospitalization causes deterioration in patients' quality of life, as well as difficulties with cost-effective utilization of medical resources, and is a financial burden to the society. Therefore, we investigated the factors associated with the length of hospitalization for the optimal management of patients hospitalized with CDB. METHODS This study included patients who were hospitalized for the treatment of CDB and underwent colonoscopy between July 2008 and February 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the length of hospitalization and the patients' baseline characteristics, in-hospital procedures performed, and the clinical outcomes. RESULTS The study included 223 patients. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, P = 0.014) and blood transfusion (OR 3.1, P = 0.0006) were identified as risk factors for prolonged hospitalization (≥ 8 days). Urgent colonoscopy (OR 0.41, P = 0.0072) predicted a shorter length of hospitalization (≤ 7 days). The study also indicated that endoscopic treatment showed a stronger association with urgent colonoscopy (OR 7.8, P < 0.0001) than with elective colonoscopy and that urgent colonoscopy was not associated with an increased rate of adverse events or re-bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Compared with elective colonoscopy, urgent colonoscopy shortens the length of hospitalization in patients with CDB. Moreover, it is not associated with an increased rate of adverse events. Urgent colonoscopy may be impracticable in a few cases; however, if possible, aggressive urgent colonoscopy should be considered for the efficient management of the patient's hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakazato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Murayama Y, Hiwatashi A, Murayama R, Shimokawa T, Hidaka H, Tsurumaru D, Honda H. Effectiveness of therapeutic standard concentration barium enema for colonic diverticular bleeding: Preliminary results. Eur J Radiol Open 2019; 6:139-143. [PMID: 31016208 PMCID: PMC6468152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic barium enema as a treatment for colonic diverticulum bleeding, by using a standard concentration as a diagnostic examination. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 68 cases of the patients admitted to our hospital with colonic diverticular bleeding between October 2012 and September 2017. We evaluated the following items: (1) the presence/absence of a previous history of diverticular bleeding, (2) the use of medications (anticoagulants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiplatelet drugs), (3) the location of bleeding, (4) the presence/absence of previous treatment and the result, (5) the time between bleeding and the beginning of the barium enema, (6) procedural success, (7) the clinical success of the initial hemostasis, (8) the clinical success of preventing recurrence, and (9) complications such as perforation and diverticulitis associated with this procedure. Results Four patients (three men and one woman; age range 60–85 years; median age 76 years) who underwent therapeutic barium enema with a concentration equivalent for diagnostic purpose (78 w/v%) were included. The follow-up period ranged from 11 to 12 months (median 12 months). All three patients who received a barium enema for initial hemostasis were successfully treated. All four patients remained free from recurrence during the follow-up period. There was no complication due to barium in this series. Conclusion Although we had no statistical evidence, a therapeutic barium enema with a standard concentration as a diagnostic examination may be effective for both the initial hemostasis and preventing the recurrence of colonic diverticular bleeding without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Murayama
- Department of Radiology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, 173 Shimoikenaga, Nakatsu, Oita, 871-8511, Japan
| | - Akio Hiwatashi
- Departments of Molecular Imaging & Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Murayama
- Department of Radiology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, 173 Shimoikenaga, Nakatsu, Oita, 871-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimokawa
- Department of Radiology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, 173 Shimoikenaga, Nakatsu, Oita, 871-8511, Japan
| | - Hiromu Hidaka
- Department of Radiology, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, 173 Shimoikenaga, Nakatsu, Oita, 871-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsurumaru
- Departments of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Honda
- Departments of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Schwenk W. [Endoscopy, angiography, surgery: diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for diverticular bleeding]. Chirurg 2019; 90:621-630. [PMID: 30976892 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-019-0950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diverticular bleeding is a complication of diverticular disease but in contrast to diverticulitis, publications concerning diverticular bleeding are less common. Diverticular bleeding is the cause of approximately 20-50% of cases of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and in rare cases can be life-threatening. The main symptom of diverticular hemorrhage is painless hematochezia and the German guidelines recommend that further diagnostics of suspected diverticular bleeding should be performed in hospital. Interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms recommend primary endoscopy in acute as well as chronic recurrent diverticular bleeding. If endoscopy fails to provide an exact localization of the origin of bleeding, angiography or computed tomography (CT) angiography can be performed. The 99mTc erythrocyte scintigraphy should only be performed if endoscopy and angiography are unable to identify the localization of the bleeding source. More than 90% of diverticular hemorrhages stop spontaneously; however, it is general agreed that an active diverticular bleeding detected during colonoscopy should be immediately treated endoscopically. Alternative radiological techniques for hemostasis are rarely needed and attention must be paid to the complications. In the rare case of severe bleeding that cannot otherwise be stopped or if the bleeding vessel cannot be located, laparotomy and total colectomy can be recommended. If the diverticular bleeding has definitely been identified or recurrent bleeding causes chronic anemia, segmental or total colectomy may be undertaken; however, the advantages and disadvantages of both types of surgery have to be thoroughly explained to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schwenk
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Städtisches Klinikum Solingen gGmbH, Gotenstraße 1, 42653, Solingen, Deutschland.
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Okamoto N, Tominaga N, Sakata Y, Hara M, Yukimoto T, Tsuruta S, Yamanouchi K, Takeshita E, Matsunaga K, Ito Y, Miyahara K, Noda T, Yamaguchi D, Tsunada S, Tanaka Y, Kawakubo H, Tsuruoka N, Shimoda R, Ogata S, Fujimoto K. Lower Rebleeding Rate after Endoscopic Band Ligation than Endoscopic Clipping of the Same Colonic Diverticular Hemorrhagic Lesion: A Historical Multicenter Trial in Saga, Japan. Intern Med 2019; 58:633-638. [PMID: 30333407 PMCID: PMC6443565 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1473-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This historical control study was performed to evaluate i) the rebleeding rate of bleeding colon diverticula treated with endoscopic band ligation (EBL) versus endoscopic clipping (EC) and ii) risk factors for rebleeding of diverticula initially treated by endoscopic hemostasis. Methods From January 2010 to December 2012, 68 patients were treated with EC, and from January 2013 to August 2016, 67 patients were treated with EBL. All patients in each group were followed up for one year to check for rebleeding. Results The rebleeding rate was lower in the EBL group (7 of 67, 10%) than in the EC group (21 of 68, 31%; p<0.01). This difference was mainly due to the lower rebleeding rate from the same hemorrhagic diverticulum initially treated by hemostasis (EBL: 4 of 67, 6%; EC: 15 of 68, 22%; p<0.01). The time span until rebleeding in the EBL group was ≤1 week. A multivariate analysis indicated that bleeding from the diverticula on the right side of the colon was a high-risk factor for rebleeding from the diverticula (odds ratio, 4.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-16.46; p=0.02). Conclusion The low rebleeding rate in the EBL group was attributed to the low degree of rebleeding from the same diverticulum, indicating that EBL was superior to EC in preventing rebleeding of an initially treated diverticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuaikai Oda Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yukimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan
| | - Sanae Tsuruta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamanouchi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Takagi Hospital, Japan
| | - Eri Takeshita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuaikai Oda Hospital, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsunaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuaikai Oda Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsunada
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imari Arita Kyoritsu Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Kawakubo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imari Arita Kyoritsu Hospital, Japan
| | - Nanae Tsuruoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, Japan
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Carvalho JR, Freitas C, Santos PM, Machado M, Baldaia C, Valente A, Carrilho-Ribeiro L, Marinho RT. Endoscopic band ligation - A valid option in colonic diverticular bleeding. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2019; 42:552-554. [PMID: 30772090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Freitas
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Paula Moura Santos
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Cilénia Baldaia
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Ana Valente
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Tato Marinho
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of diverticular bleeding (DB) and examine the time trend of the incidence. Furthermore to study prognosis with regard to therapy and rebleeding. METHODS A retrospective, population-based study of patients with DB in a National University Hospital from 2006 to 2016. Patients were identified in an electronically stored colonoscopy database. Definite diverticular bleeding was defined as active bleeding, a nonbleeding visible vessel or adherent clot. Presumptive diverticular bleeding was defined as acute painless rectal bleeding leading to hospitalization with visible diverticula but no evidence of bleeding and no other colonic lesions or bleeding sites identified on endoscopy. A 30-day re-bleeding was determined after discharge. RESULTS A total of 3683 colonoscopy reports were reviewed, including 345 patients (males 51%) with presumptive 95% (n = 327) or definitive 5% (n = 18) diverticular bleeding. Overall 96% were treated conservatively, 3% endoscopically and 0.3% surgically. Only 5.8% of patients had a 30-day rebleed. After exclusion, 315 patients were included in the incidence calculations. The mean cumulative incidence of diverticular bleeding was 14/100,000 inhabitants per year. A time trend analysis of the incidence of DB revealed no significant change in incidence during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The mean incidence of colonic diverticular bleeding was found to be approximately 14 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. The incidence does not seem to have changed in the past decade. The vast majority of patients with diverticular bleeding did not require endoscopic therapy and could be managed with conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Olafsson
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - J P Hreinsson
- b Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine , The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - E S Björnsson
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.,b Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine , The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
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Nagata N, Ishii N, Kaise M, Shimbo T, Sakurai T, Akiyama J, Uemura N. Long-term recurrent bleeding risk after endoscopic therapy for definitive colonic diverticular bleeding: band ligation versus clipping. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 88:841-853.e4. [PMID: 30036505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Very few prospective studies with over 100 samples have evaluated the long-term outcomes of endoscopic therapy for colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). This study sought to elucidate the recurrent bleeding risk of endoscopic band ligation versus clipping for definitive CDB based on stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH). METHODS Patients emergently hospitalized for acute lower GI bleeding and examined by high-resolution colonoscopy were enrolled. Better visualization of SRH from a diverticulum was obtained using a water-jet device. Endoscopic band ligation or clipping was performed as first-line treatment, and patients were prospectively followed after discharge. RESULTS No statistical difference was found between the ligation (n = 61) and clipping (n = 47) groups in baseline characteristics or follow-up period. The probability of 1-year recurrent bleeding was 11.5% in the ligation group versus 37.0% in the clipping group (P = .018). No patients required surgery or experienced perforation. One patient in the ligation group experienced diverticulitis the next day. In patients with recurrent bleeding within 7 days, the recurrent bleeding site was the same diverticulum, and ulceration was found in the ligation group on repeat colonoscopy. In patients with recurrent bleeding after 2 months, repeat colonoscopy identified that the recurrent bleeding site was different, and scar formation was seen in the ligation group. The left side of the colon was an independent predictor for recurrent bleeding in the ligation group but not in the clipping group. CONCLUSIONS Band ligation for definitive CDB has better outcomes than clipping during long-term follow-up after endoscopic therapy, probably because of complete elimination of the diverticulum. CDB can recur at the same diverticulum in the short term but at a different diverticulum in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Gastroenterology Division, Koga Hospital, Koga, Japan; Gastroenterology Division, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kaise
- Gastroenterology Division, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Shimbo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroentegology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Vajravelu RK, Mamtani R, Scott FI, Waxman A, Lewis JD. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Effects of Recurrent Diverticular Hemorrhage: A Large Cohort Study. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1416-1427. [PMID: 30056095 PMCID: PMC6219900 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although recurrent diverticular hemorrhage is common, its incidence and risk factors have not been measured outside of small institutional cohorts. We analyzed the incidence of and risk factors for recurrent diverticular hemorrhage and whether discontinuing anticoagulation after diverticular hemorrhage is associated with ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the OptumInsight Clinformatics database from 2000 through 2016. Incidence rates for initial and recurrent diverticular hemorrhage were calculated by identifying patients who had hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis consistent with diverticular hemorrhage. The hazard ratios of second diverticular hemorrhage associated with anticoagulants or platelet aggregation inhibitors were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. The hazard ratio for ischemic stroke among patients who discontinued anticoagulation after diverticular hemorrhage was calculated similarly. RESULTS In the cohort analyzed, 14,925 patients had an initial diverticular hemorrhage; 1368 of these patients had a second episode. The unstandardized incidence rates of initial and second diverticular hemorrhage were 10.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7-11.0) and 3625.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 3436.0-3823.0). Platelet aggregation inhibitors were associated with second episodes of diverticular hemorrhage (hazard ratio 1.47; 95% CI 1.15-1.88), whereas all classes of anticoagulation agents were not associated. Among patients with a potential indication for stroke prophylaxis, those who discontinued anticoagulation after the diverticular hemorrhage had an increased hazard of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio 1.93; 95% CI 1.17-3.19). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective cohort study, platelet aggregation inhibitors, but not anticoagulants, were associated with recurrent diverticular hemorrhage. Discontinuing anticoagulation was associated with increased hazard for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravy K Vajravelu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ronac Mamtani
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank I Scott
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adam Waxman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wada M, Kato M, Hirai Y, Kubosawa Y, Sunata Y, Abe K, Hirata T, Takada Y, Banno S, Takatori Y, Kinoshita S, Mori H, Takabayashi K, Kikuchi M, Kikuchi M, Suzuki M, Kanai T, Uraoka T. Initial Management of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding: Observational Study. Digestion 2018; 98:41-47. [PMID: 29672291 DOI: 10.1159/000487264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) often ceases spontaneously, re-bleeding occurs in about 30%. Bleeding diverticulum can be treated directly by endoscopic hemostasis; however, it is difficult to perform colonoscopy in all cases with limited medical resource and certain risks. The aim of this study was to clarify who should undergo colonoscopy as well as appropriate methods of initial management in CDB patients. METHODS A total of 285 patients who were diagnosed as CDB and underwent colonoscopy from March 2004 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. First, the association between re-bleeding and various factors including patients' background and initial management were analyzed. Second, the examination conditions that influenced bleeding point identification were analyzed. RESULTS Of 285 patients, 187 were men and 98 were women. Median age was 75 years, and the median observation period was 17.5 months. Re-bleeding was observed in 79 patients (28%). A history of CDB (OR 2.1, p = 0.0090) and chronic kidney disease (CKD; OR 2.3, p = 0.035) were risk factors, and bleeding point identification (OR 0.20, p = 0.0037) was a preventive factor for re-bleeding. Bleeding point identification significantly reduced approximately 80% of re-bleeding. Furthermore, extravasation on CT (OR 3.7, p = 0.031) and urgent colonoscopy (OR 5.3, p < 0.001) were predictors for identification of bleeding point. Compared to bleeding point identification of 11% in all patients who underwent colonoscopy, identification rate in those who had extravasation on CT and underwent urgent colonoscopy was as high as 70%. CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced CT upon arrival is suggested, and patients with extravasation on CT would be good candidates for urgent colonoscopy, as well as patients who have a history of CDB and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubosawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Sunata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Banno
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takatori
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Imaeda H, Hibi T. The Burden of Diverticular Disease and Its Complications: West versus East. Inflamm Intest Dis 2018; 3:61-68. [PMID: 30733949 DOI: 10.1159/000492178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colonic diverticulosis is prevalent and increasing not only in Western but also in Asian countries. Diverticulosis can be complicated by diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. Diverticular disease is a burdensome digestive disease, because it is a major cause of hospital admissions and is associated with significant health-care costs. Summary The incidence of diverticulosis increases with age. Most cases of diverticulosis in Western countries involve the left side of the colon, while diverticulosis is predominantly present on the right side of the colon in Asian countries. The incidence of diverticulitis also increases with age. Diverticulitis is predominantly located on the left side of the colon in Western countries, while it is predominantly located on the right side of the colon in Asian countries. The overall complication rate is higher in left-sided than in right-sided diverticulitis. The incidence of diverticular bleeding also increases with age. The right colon is the source of diverticular bleeding in more than 50% of patients in Western countries. In Asian countries, age greater than 70 years and both-sided diverticulosis increase the bleeding risk. Key Messages In Western countries, diverticulosis and diverticulitis are predominantly located on the left side of the colon, whereas they are predominantly present on the right side of the colon in Asian countries. Diverticular bleeding is predominantly located on the right side in Western countries, and both-sided diverticulosis increases the risk of bleeding in Asian countries. Diverticular disease with complications requires admission and operation; moreover, it recurs frequently. Therefore, diverticular disease is associated with a significant economic burden in terms of health-care costs and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Imaeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kinjo K, Matsui T, Hisabe T, Ishihara H, Kojima T, Chuman K, Yasukawa S, Beppu T, Koga A, Ishikawa S, Kishi M, Takatsu N, Hirai F, Yao K, Ueki T, Washio M. Risk factors for severity of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. Intest Res 2018; 16:458-466. [PMID: 30090045 PMCID: PMC6077309 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Colonic diverticular hemorrhage (DH) was a rare disease until the 1990s, and its incidence has increased rapidly since 2000 in Japan. In recent years, colonic DH has been the most frequent cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). Nearly all cases of DH are mild, with the bleeding often stopping spontaneously. Some cases, however, require surgery or arterial embolization. In this study, using a cohort at Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, we investigated factors associated with severe colonic DH. METHODS Among patients with LGIB who underwent colonoscopy at our hospital between 1995 and 2013, DH was identified in 273 patients. Among them, 62 patients (22.7%) were defined as having severe colonic DH according to recurrence of bleeding in a short period, and/or the necessity of transfusion, arterial embolization, or surgery. We then evaluated risk factors for severe DH among DH patients in this retrospective cohort. RESULTS Among the 273 patients with DH, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (odds ratio [OR], 2.801; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.164-6.742), Charlson Risk Index (CRI) ≥2 (OR, 3.336; 95% CI, 1.154-7.353), right-sided colonic DH (OR, 3.873; 95% CI, 1.554-9.653), and symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion (such as light-headedness, dizziness, or syncope) (OR, 2.926; 95% CI, 1.310-6.535) showed an increased risk of severe DH even after controlling for other factors. CONCLUSIONS Severe DH occurred in 23% of DH patients, and NSAID use, CRI ≥2, right-sided colonic DH, and symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion are suggested to be predictors of severe DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kinjo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kojima
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Kenta Chuman
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Yasukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Beppu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Akihiro Koga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Noritaka Takatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yao
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Masakazu Washio
- Department of Community Health and Clinical Epidemiology, St. Mary's College, Kurume, Japan
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Schreyer AG. Divertikelerkrankung. Radiologe 2018; 58:334-343. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-018-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kawanishi K, Kato J, Kakimoto T, Hara T, Yoshida T, Ida Y, Maekita T, Iguchi M, Kitano M. Risk of colonic diverticular rebleeding according to endoscopic appearance. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6:E36-E42. [PMID: 29340296 PMCID: PMC5766334 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Re-commencement of bleeding (rebleeding) of colonic diverticula after endoscopic hemostasis is a clinical problem. This study aimed to examine whether endoscopic visibility of colonic diverticular bleeding affects the risk of rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of endoscopic images and medical charts of patients with colonic diverticular bleeding who underwent endoscopic hemostasis. Endoscopic visibility was classified into two types according to visibility of the source of bleeding; source invisibility due to bleeding or attached hematin (type 1), or endoscopically visible responsive vessels (type 2). Rebleeding rates within one year after initial hemostasis were examined. RESULTS Of 93 patients with successful endoscopic hemostasis, 38 (41 %) showed type 1 visibility, while the remaining presented type 2. All patients received hemostasis with clipping, rebleeding developed in 20 patients (22 %). Type 1 visibility was more likely to be observed in patients with rebleeding (65 % vs. 34 %, P = 0.013). Multivariate analysis revealed that after endoscopic hemostasis, type 1 visibility (invisible source) was the only independent risk factor for colonic diverticular rebleeding (odds ratio, 3.05; 95 % confidence interval, 1.03 - 9.59, P = 0.044). Kaplan-Meier curve showed the cumulative incidence of rebleeding was significantly higher in patients with type 1 visibility than those with type 2 visibility ( P = 0.0033, log-rank test). CONCLUSION Hemostasis by clipping for colonic diverticular bleeding without definite observation of the source of bleeding may not be sufficiently effective. Other hemostatic methods, including band ligation, should be considered when the source of bleeding is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kawanishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan,Corresponding author Jun Kato Second Department of Internal MedicineWakayama Medical University811 KimiideraWakayama CityWakayama 641-0012Japan+81-73-445-3616
| | - Tetsuhiro Kakimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wakayama Rosai Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wakayama Rosai Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takeichi Yoshida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takao Maekita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mikitaka Iguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kitano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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35
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When Should We Operate for Recurrent Diverticulitis? J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 1:S80-2. [PMID: 27622374 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent guidelines on elective surgery for recurrent diverticulitis have removed generalized recommendations for elective preventive surgery and advice individualized decision per patient. We discuss the clinical evidence and potential use of risk factors to help with decision-making for patient selection for elective surgery in the presence of a history of diverticulitis.
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Lorenzo D, Gallois C, Lahmek P, Lesgourgues B, Champion C, Charpignon C, Faroux R, Bour B, Remy AJ, Naouri C, Picon M, Poncin E, Macaigne G, Seyrig JA, Bernardini D, Bellaïche G, Grasset D, Henrion J, Heluwaert F, Piperaud R, Bordes G, Bourhis F, Arpurt JP, Pariente A, Nahon S. Middle-term mortality and re-bleeding after initial diverticular bleeding: A nationwide study of 365 mostly elderly French patients. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 5:119-127. [PMID: 28405330 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616647816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the mortality and re-bleeding rates, and the risk factors involved, in a cohort of patients with previous diverticular bleeding (DB). METHODS In 2007, data on 2462 patients with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding were collected prospectively at several French hospitals. We studied the follow-up of patients with DB retrospectively. The following data were collected: age, mortality rates and re-bleeding rates, drug intake, surgery and comorbidities. RESULTS Data on 365 patients, including 181 women (mean age 83.6 ± 9.8 years) were available. The median follow-up time was 3.9 years (IQR 25-75: 1.7-5.4). Of these, 148 patients died (40.5%). Among the 70 patients (19.2%) who had at least one re-bleeding episode, nine died and three underwent surgical procedures. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy was discontinued in 70 cases (19.2%). The independent risk factors contributing to mortality were age > 80 years (HR = 3.18 (2.1-4.9); p < 0.001) and a Charlson comorbidity score > 2 (1.91 (1.31-2.79); p = 0.003). Discontinuation of therapy was not significantly associated with a risk of death due to cardiovascular events. No risk factors responsible for re-bleeding were identified, such as antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in particular. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, the rates of mortality and DB re-bleeding after a median follow-up time of 3.9 years were 19.2% and 40.5%, respectively. The majority of the deaths recorded were not due to re-bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lorenzo
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Montfermeil, France
| | - Claire Gallois
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Montfermeil, France
| | - Pierre Lahmek
- Service d'addictologie. Hôpital Emile Roux AP-HP, Limeil-Brévannes, France
| | - Bruno Lesgourgues
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Montfermeil, France
| | - Christine Champion
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Montfermeil, France
| | - Claire Charpignon
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Villeneuve Saint-Georges, Villeneuve Saint-Georgess, France
| | - Roger Faroux
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier départemental de Vendée, La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Bruno Bour
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier-LeMans, Le Mans, France
| | - André-Jean Remy
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Chantal Naouri
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Mâcon, Mâcon, France
| | - Magali Picon
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Eric Poncin
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Dax, Dax, France
| | - Gilles Macaigne
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Marne La Vallée, Lagny-sur-Marne, France
| | - Jacques-Arnaud Seyrig
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier du centre Bretagne, Pontivy, France
| | - David Bernardini
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Guy Bellaïche
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier intercommunal d'Aulnay-sous-Bois, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Denis Grasset
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Jean Henrion
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Hôpital de Jolimont, Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Heluwaert
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Annecy, France
| | - René Piperaud
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Laon, Laon, France
| | - Gilbert Bordes
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Digne les Bains, Dignes, France
| | - Francois Bourhis
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Hôpital d'Aix Les Bains et de Chambery, Chambery, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Arpurt
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Alexandre Pariente
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Centre hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France
| | - Stéphane Nahon
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie. Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Montfermeil, France
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Shimamura Y, Ishii N, Omata F, Imamura N, Okamoto T, Ego M, Nakano K, Ikeya T, Nakamura K, Takagi K, Fukuda K, Fujita Y. Endoscopic band ligation for colonic diverticular bleeding: possibility of standardization. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4:E233-7. [PMID: 26878056 PMCID: PMC4751002 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has been used to achieve hemostasis in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding. The safety and effectiveness of EBL when performed by non-expert endoscopists have not been sufficiently verified. This study aimed to elucidate the feasibility of the EBL technique when performed by non-expert endoscopists and of considering EBL as a standard treatment for colonic diverticular bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral center in Tokyo, Japan, between June 2009 and October 2014. A total of 95 patients treated with EBL were included in the study and were divided into two groups according to whether they had been treated by expert or non-expert endoscopists. Comorbidities, medications, shock index, hemoglobin level on admission, location of the bleeding diverticula, rate of bowel preparation, procedure time, and EBL-associated adverse events were evaluated in each group. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate factors related to EBL procedure time, which is the time elapsed between marking the site of bleeding with hemoclips and completion of the band release. RESULTS A total of 47 (49.5 %) procedures were performed by expert endoscopists. In a bivariate analysis, the median EBL procedure times in the expert and non-expert groups were 15 minutes (range 4 - 45) and 11 minutes (range 4 - 36), respectively (P = 0.03). When a multivariate linear regression model was used, EBL for right-sided diverticula was the factor most significantly affecting EBL procedure time. No adverse events were encountered. CONCLUSION EBL can be safely and effectively performed by non-expert endoscopists. A right-sided location of diverticula was the factor most significantly affecting EBL procedure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Shimamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author Yuto Shimamura, MD Department of GastroenterologySt. Luke’s International Hospital9-1 Akashi-choChuo-kuTokyo 104-0044Japan+81-03-3541-5151
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Ego
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Joaquim N, Caldeira P, Antunes AG, Eusébio M, Guerreiro H. Risk factors for severity and recurrence of colonic diverticular bleeding. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 109:3-9. [DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4190/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Diverticular disease is a common condition in Western countries and the incidence and prevalence of the disease is increasing. The pathogenetic factors involved include structural changes in the gut that increase with age, a diet low in fibre and rich in meat, changes in intestinal motility, the concept of enteric neuropathy and an underlying genetic background. Current treatment strategies are hampered by insufficient options to stratify patients according to individual risk. One of the main reasons is the lack of an all-encompassing classification system of diverticular disease. In response, the German Society for Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases (DGVS) has proposed a classification system as part of its new guideline for the diagnosis and management of diverticular disease. The classification system includes five main types of disease: asymptomatic diverticulosis, acute uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis, as well as chronic diverticular disease and diverticular bleeding. Here, we review prevention and treatment strategies stratified by these five main types of disease, from prevention of the first attack of diverticulitis to the management of chronic complications and diverticular bleeding.
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Cirocchi R, Grassi V, Cavaliere D, Renzi C, Tabola R, Poli G, Avenia S, Farinella E, Arezzo A, Vettoretto N, D'Andrea V, Binda GA, Fingerhut A. New Trends in Acute Management of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding: A Systematic Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1710. [PMID: 26554768 PMCID: PMC4915869 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic diverticular disease is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In the past, this condition was usually managed with urgent colectomy. Recently, the development of endoscopy and interventional radiology has led to a change in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding.The aim of this systematic review is to define the best treatment for colonic diverticular bleeding.A systematic bibliographic research was performed on the online databases for studies (randomized controlled trials [RCTs], observational trials, case series, and case reports) published between 2005 and 2014, concerning patients admitted with a diagnosis of diverticular bleeding according to the PRISMA methodology.The outcomes of interest were: diagnosis of diverticulosis as source of bleeding; incidence of self-limiting diverticular bleeding; management of non self-limiting bleeding (endoscopy, angiography, surgery); and recurrent diverticular bleeding.Fourteen studies were retrieved for analysis. No RCTs were found. Eleven non-randomized clinical controlled trials (NRCCTs) were included in this systematic review. In all studies, the definitive diagnosis of diverticular bleeding was always made by urgent colonoscopy. The colonic diverticular bleeding stopped spontaneously in over 80% of the patients, but a re-bleeding was not rare. Recently, interventional endoscopy and angiography became the first-line approach, thus relegating emergency colectomy to patients presenting with hemodynamic instability or as a second-line treatment after failure or complications of hemostasis with less invasive treatments.Colonoscopy is effective to diagnose diverticular bleeding. Nowadays, interventional endoscopy and angiographic treatment have gained a leading role and colectomy should only be entertained in case of failure of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cirocchi
- From the Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Unit, St Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy (RC, VG); Surgical Oncology, Forlì Hospital, Forlì, Italy (DC); Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Perugia, St Maria Hospital, Perugia, Italy (CR); Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland (RT); Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GP); Department of Endocrine Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (SA); Department of Digestive Surgery, ULB-Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium (EF); Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy (AA); Department of Surgery, Montichiari, Ospedali Civili Brescia, Italy (NV); Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (VD); Department of Colorectal Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy (GAB); and Surgical Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, Austria and First Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (AF)
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Ikeya T, Ishii N, Nakano K, Omata F, Shimamura Y, Ego M, Takagi K, Nakamura K, Fukuda K, Fujita Y. Risk factors for early rebleeding after endoscopic band ligation for colonic diverticular hemorrhage. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3:E523-8. [PMID: 26528512 PMCID: PMC4612237 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has been used for hemostasis of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. However, early rebleeding (< 30 days after EBL) has been reported in some cases. The aim of this study was to elucidate risk factors for early rebleeding after EBL in treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 101 patients with definite diverticular hemorrhage treated using EBL from June 2009 to October 2014 were included in the retrospective cohort study and divided into rebleeding and non-rebleeding groups, depending on the presence or absence of early rebleeding. Patients' ages, comorbid diseases, stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) [active bleeding (AB), non-bleeding visible vessel (NBVV), or adherent clot (AC)], locations of bleeding diverticula, and eversions of the diverticula after EBL were retrospectively evaluated in each group. RESULTS Early rebleeding occurred in 15 cases. The median time (range) of early rebleeding occurrence was 5 days (range, 2 h to 26 days). Early rebleeding could be managed conservatively and/or endoscopically, except in one case in which surgery was done. Multivariate analysis revealed that age under 50 (adjusted OR, 8.7; 95 % CI 1.6 - 52.5; P = 0.014) and AB (adjusted OR, 4.21; 95 % CI 1.15 - 18.1; P = 0.03) were shown to be significant risk factors. The right side of the colon carried less risk than did the left side (adjusted OR, 0.21; 95 % CI 0.04 - 0.84; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Younger age, AB of SRH, and leftsided lesions were identified as the risk factors for early rebleeding after EBL in the treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikeya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author Naoki Ishii, MD Department of GastroenterologySt. Luke’s International Hospital9-1 Akashi-choChuo-ku104-8560 TokyoJapan+81-3-3544-0649
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Ego
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakano K, Ishii N, Ikeya T, Ego M, Shimamura Y, Takagi K, Nakamura K, Fukuda K, Fujita Y. Comparison of long-term outcomes between endoscopic band ligation and endoscopic clipping for colonic diverticular hemorrhage. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3:E529-33. [PMID: 26528513 PMCID: PMC4612232 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Long-term outcomes of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for colonic diverticular hemorrhage have not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of EBL and to retrospectively compare them with those of endoscopic clipping (EC) in the treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage who were treated with EBL or EC from January 2004 to November 2014 and followed up more than 1 year (61 patients in the EBL group and 39 patients in the EC group). Time-to-event analysis of rebleeding was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. A follow-up colonoscopy was performed to confirm the disappearance of the banded diverticula in the EBL group. RESULTS Rebleeding occurred in 21 patients in the EBL group and in 26 patients in the EC group. The cumulative incidence of rebleeding at 1, 12, 24, and 36 months after first treatments was 14 %, 23 %, 26 %, and 41 % in the EBL group and 38 %, 49 %, 59 %, and 68 % in the EC group, respectively. Time-to-event analysis revealed statistically significant data (Log-rank test, P = 0.0036). Scar formation with fold convergence at the previously banded site was observed in 11 of 24 patients who underwent follow-up colonoscopy (46 %). However, late rebleeding (rebleeding more than 30 days after EBL) occurred in five of these 11 cases. CONCLUSIONS EBL was superior to EC in the treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. However, the risk of rebleeding was not avoided even after the diverticula had been resolved using EBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author Naoki Ishii, MD Department of GastroenterologySt. Luke’s International Hospital9-1 Akashi-choChuo-kuTokyo, Japan 104-8560+81-3-3544-0649
| | - Takashi Ikeya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Ego
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kruis W, Germer CT, Leifeld L. Diverticular disease: guidelines of the german society for gastroenterology, digestive and metabolic diseases and the german society for general and visceral surgery. Digestion 2015; 90:190-207. [PMID: 25413249 DOI: 10.1159/000367625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease is one of the most common disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. 28-45% of the population develop colonic diverticula, while about 25% suffer symptoms and about 5% complications. AIM To create formal guidelines for diagnosis and management. METHODS Six working groups with 44 participants analyzed key questions in subject areas assigned to them. Following a systematic literature search, 451 publications were included. Consensus was obtained by agreement within the working groups, two Delphi processes and a guideline conference. RESULTS Targeted management of diverticular disease requires a classificatory diagnosis. A new classification was created. In addition to the clinical examination, intestinal ultrasound or computed tomography is the determining factor. Interval colonoscopy is recommended to exclude comorbidities. A low-fiber diet, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and immunosuppression have an adverse impact on diverticulosis. This can lead to diverticulitis. Antibiotics are no longer recommended in uncomplicated diverticulitis if no risk factors such as immunosuppression are present. If close monitoring is ensured, uncomplicated diverticulitis can be treated on an outpatient basis. Complicated diverticulitis should be treated in hospital, involving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, where necessary abscess drainage, and surgery, if possible laparoscopically. In the case of chronic relapsing diverticulitis, the risk of perforation decreases with each episode, so that surgery is no longer recommended after the second episode but only following individual assessment. CONCLUSIONS New findings on diverticular disease call into question the overuse of antibiotics and excessive indications for surgery. Targeted treatment requires a precise diagnosis and intensive interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Niikura R, Nagata N, Shimbo T, Aoki T, Yamada A, Hirata Y, Sekine K, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Mizokami M, Yanase M, Akiyama J, Koike K, Uemura N. Natural history of bleeding risk in colonic diverticulosis patients: a long-term colonoscopy-based cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41:888-94. [PMID: 25715746 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of bleeding risk from colonic diverticulosis remains unclear. AIM To identify the incidence of bleeding in colonic diverticulosis patients and associated risk factors. METHODS A cohort of 1514 patients with colonoscopy-confirmed asymptomatic diverticulosis was selected between 2001 and 2013. Age, sex and location of colonic diverticulosis (right or left side, or bilateral) were assessed. The endpoint was a bleeding event, and data were censored at the time of last colonoscopy. The cumulative and overall incidences of bleeding were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier and person-years methods. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS The median follow-up period was 46 months. Bleeding events occurred in 35 patients, and the median time-to-event interval was 50 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of diverticular bleeding was 0.21% at 12 months, 2.2% at 60 months and 9.5% at 120 months. By the person-years method, the overall incidence rate of bleeding was 0.46 per 1000 patient-years. On multivariate analysis, age ≥70 (aHR. 3.7) and bilateral diverticulosis (aHR, 2.4) were significant risk factors for bleeding. CONCLUSIONS This long-term follow-up study demonstrated that the cumulative incidence of bleeding from diverticulosis was approximately 2% at 5 years and 10% at 10 years, and the overall incidence was 0.46 per 1000 patient-years. Bilateral diverticulosis increased the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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High-dose barium impaction therapy for the recurrence of colonic diverticular bleeding: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2015; 261:269-75. [PMID: 25569028 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the clinical efficacy of barium therapy and conservative therapy in preventing recurrence in patients with diverticular bleeding. BACKGROUND Previous case reports have indicated that barium impaction therapy provides initial hemostasis for diverticular bleeding and prevention against rebleeding. METHODS After spontaneous cessation of bleeding, patients were randomly assigned to conservative treatment (n = 27) or high-dose barium impaction therapy (n = 27). Patients were followed up for 1 year after enrollment of the last patient. The main outcome measure was rebleeding. RESULTS Median follow-up period was 584.5 days. The probability of rebleeding at 30-day, 180-day, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up in all patients was 3.7%, 14.8%, 28.4%, and 32.7%, respectively. By group, probability at 1 year was 42.5% in the conservative group and 14.8% in the barium group (log-rank test, P = 0.04). After adjustment for a history of hypertension, the hazard ratio of rebleeding in the barium group was 0.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.98). No complications or laboratory abnormalities due to barium therapy were observed. Compared with the conservative group, the barium group had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer hospitalizations per patient (1.7 vs 1.2), units of blood transfused (1.9 vs 0.7), colonoscopies (1.4 times vs 1.1 times), and hospital stay days (15 days vs 11 days) during the follow-up period. No patients died and none required angiographic or surgical procedures in either group. CONCLUSIONS High-dose barium impaction therapy was effective in the long-term prevention of recurrent bleeding, and reduced the frequency of rehospitalization and need for blood transfusion and colonoscopic examination. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, UMIN 000002832.
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Aoki T, Nagata N, Niikura R, Shimbo T, Tanaka S, Sekine K, Kishida Y, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Akiyama J, Yanase M, Mizokami M, Uemura N. Recurrence and mortality among patients hospitalized for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:488-494.e1. [PMID: 24997327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The long-term recurrence of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) and associated mortality have not been studied extensively. We investigated rates of recurrence of LGIB, mortality, and associated risk factors. METHODS In a retrospective study, we analyzed data from 342 patients hospitalized for overt LGIB at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Japan from December 2004 through June 2013. All patients underwent colonoscopy. We assessed Charlson comorbidity index scores and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, low-dose aspirin, other antiplatelet drugs, or warfarin. Rebleeding, the total number of rebleeding episodes, and mortality were measured. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS Rebleeding occurred in 84 patients, at a mean follow-up time of 19 months. The cumulative percentages of patients with rebleeding at 1 and 5 years were 19% and 46%, respectively. During the follow-up period, 29 patients (39%) had secondary rebleeding and 18 patients (62%) had subsequent rebleeding. Multivariate analysis showed age 65 years and older (HR, 1.7; P = .04) and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (HR, 2.0; P < .01) and nonaspirin antiplatelet drugs (HR, 1.8; P < .05) as independent risk factors for rebleeding. Dual therapy had a higher risk than single therapy (adjusted HR, 1.8; P < .05). During the mean follow-up period of 28 months, 21 patients died (2 from bleeding). Cumulative mortality rates at 1 and 5 years were 4.2% and 13%, respectively. Mortality was associated significantly with age ≥65 years (P < .05), Charlson comorbidity index score, and warfarin use. CONCLUSIONS Based on a retrospective analysis of patients with LGIB, 46% of all patients have rebleeding, and the overall mortality rate is 13% within 5 years after hospitalization. Besides age ≥65 years, use of antithrombotic drugs increases the risk of bleeding recurrence and mortality among patients with LGIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Shimbo
- Department of Clinical Research and Informatics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sekine
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Yokoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Yanase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai, Chiba, Japan
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48
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Chan FKL. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding: what have we learned from the past 3 decades? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:495-7. [PMID: 25460549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis K L Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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49
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[Diverticular bleeding. Diagnostics, non-surgical treatment, indications for surgery]. Chirurg 2014; 85:314-9. [PMID: 24610007 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-013-2622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have not been standardized. OBJECTIVE Development of an evidence-based management algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the literature (PubMed 1998-2013) was carried out and a review with consideration of current guidelines is given. RESULTS The lifetime risk of clinically relevant bleeding is estimated to be 5 % in persons with colonic diverticula. Patients with clinically suspected diverticular hemorrhage should be admitted to hospital. Diverticular bleeding will cease spontaneously in around 70-90 % of the cases. In patients with severe lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding, defined as instability of the circulation, persistent bleeding after 24 h, drop of the hemoglobin level to ≥ 2 g/dl or the necessity for transfusion, endoscopy of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract within the first 12-24 h is recommended. In patients with active diverticular bleeding or signs of recent hemorrhage (e.g. visible vessel or adherent clot) endoscopic therapy is strongly recommended because it significantly decreases the rate of early and late rebleeding. Angiography with superselective embolization is a therapeutic option in patients where endoscopy failed. Surgery should be considered in patients with ongoing bleeding and failure of interventional treatment and in patients who suffered from recurrent severe diverticular bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Diverticulosis coli remains the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonoscopy is recommended as first-line diagnostic and therapeutic approach. In the vast majority of patients diverticular hemorrhage can be readily managed either conventionally or by interventional therapy.
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50
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Risk of recurrence and long-term outcomes after colonic diverticular bleeding. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:373-8. [PMID: 24337782 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-013-1804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diverticular disease is one of the most common causes of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to evaluate the natural history, follow-up, and risk factors associated with re-bleeding (recurrence) in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding. METHODS We reviewed patients with proven colonic diverticular hemorrhage from September 1993 to June 2012 at our institution. Recurrence was the main outcome measure. RESULTS We identified 78 out of 95 patients with proven diverticular bleed who were treated non-operatively and were followed up for a median of 57.1 months. Thirty-seven (47 %) of these patients with a median age of 67 years developed recurrent diverticular bleed after a median time of 8.1 months. The bleeding originated from the left colon in 78 (83 %) out of 95 patients in the first bleeding episode and 31(84 %) out of 37 patients during the recurrent bleeding episode. Thirty-six patients (97 %) with recurrent diverticular bleed required surgical intervention. Old age at the time of initial bleeding was associated with recurrence (p = 0.001). Patients with diverticulitis (p < 0.0001), peripheral vascular (p = 0.01), and chronic renal diseases (p = 0.047) were found to have an increased risk for recurrent colonic diverticular bleed. We only had one perioperative mortality due to postoperative sepsis. All other mortalities were not directly associated with surgery. CONCLUSION Patients with a history of colonic diverticular bleed are prone to recur shortly thereafter. Certain risk factors including increased age, documented diverticulitis, history of peripheral vascular disease, and chronic renal failure may predispose to recurrence.
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