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Ding YW, Li Y, Zhang ZW, Dao JW, Wei DX. Hydrogel forming microneedles loaded with VEGF and Ritlecitinib/polyhydroxyalkanoates nanoparticles for mini-invasive androgenetic alopecia treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:95-108. [PMID: 38699241 PMCID: PMC11061199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most prevalent clinical hair loss, lacks safe and effective treatments due to downregulated angiogenic genes and insufficient vascularization in the perifollicular microenvironment of the bald scalp in AGA patients. In this study, a hyaluronic acid (HA) based hydrogel-formed microneedle (MN) was designed, referred to as V-R-MNs, which was simultaneously loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the novel hair loss drug Ritlecitinib, the latter is encapsulated in slowly biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) nanoparticles (R-PHA NPs) for minimally invasive AGA treatment. The integration of HA based hydrogel alongside PHA nanoparticles significantly bolstered the mechanical characteristics of microneedles and enhanced skin penetration efficiency. Due to the biosafety, mechanical strength, and controlled degradation properties of HA hydrogel formed microneedles, V-R-MNs can effectively penetrate the skin's stratum corneum, facilitating the direct delivery of VEGF and Ritlecitinib in a minimally invasive, painless and long-term sustained release manner. V-R-MNs not only promoted angiogenesis and improve the immune microenvironment around the hair follicle to promote the proliferation and development of hair follicle cells, but also the application of MNs to the skin to produce certain mechanical stimulation could also promote angiogenesis. In comparison to the clinical drug minoxidil for AGA treatment, the hair regeneration effect of V-R-MN in AGA model mice is characterized by a rapid onset of the anagen phase, improved hair quality, and greater coverage. This introduces a new, clinically safer, and more efficient strategy for AGA treatment, and serving as a reference for the treatment of other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jin-Wei Dao
- Dehong Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Dehong Teachers' College, Dehong, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Chen Y, Gialeli C, Shen J, Dunér P, Walse B, Duelli A, Caing-Carlsson R, Blom AM, Zibert JR, Nilsson AH, Alenfall J, Liang C, Nilsson J. Identification of an osteopontin-derived peptide that binds neuropilin-1 and activates vascular repair responses and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107259. [PMID: 38871237 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The osteopontin-derived peptide FOL-005 stimulates hair growth. Using ligand-receptor glyco-capture technology we identified neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a known co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, as the most probable receptor for FOL-005 and the more stable analogue FOL-026. X-ray diffraction and microscale thermophoresis analysis revealed that FOL-026 shares binding site with VEGF in the NRP-1 b1-subdomain. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with FOL-026 resulted in phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, ERK1/2 and AKT, increased cell growth and migration, stimulation of endothelial tube formation and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro. FOL-026 also promoted angiogenesis in vivo as assessed by subcutaneous Matrigel plug and hind limb ischemia models. NRP-1 knock-down or treatment of NRP-1 antagonist EG00229 blocked the stimulatory effects of FOL-026 on endothelial cells. Exposure of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells to FOL-026 stimulated cell growth, migration, inhibited apoptosis, and induced VEGF gene expression and VEGFR-2/AKT phosphorylation by an NRP-1-dependent mechanism. RNA sequencing showed that FOL-026 activated pathways involved in tissue repair. These findings identify NRP-1 as the receptor for FOL-026 and show that its biological effects mimic that of growth factors binding to the VEGF receptor family. They also suggest that FOL-026 may have therapeutical potential in conditions that require vascular repair and/or enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Cardiovascular Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Junyan Shen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jan Alenfall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Coegin Pharma AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Cardiovascular Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
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Shibato J, Takenoya F, Kimura A, Yamashita M, Hirako S, Rakwal R, Shioda S. DNA Microarray and Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals the Potential of Whale Oil in Enhancing Hair Growth in a C57BL/6 Mice Dorsal Skin Model. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:627. [PMID: 38790256 PMCID: PMC11121295 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to determine how hair regeneration is regulated, as this could provide therapeutic, cosmetic, and even psychological interventions for hair loss. The current study focused on the hair growth effect and effective utilization of fatty oil obtained from Bryde's whales through a high-throughput DNA microarray approach in conjunction with immunohistochemical observations. The research also examined the mechanisms and factors involved in hair growth. In an experiment using female C57BL/6J mice, the vehicle control group (VC: propylene glycol: ethanol: water), the positive control group (MXD: 3% minoxidil), and the experimental group (WO: 20% whale oil) were topically applied to the dorsal skin of the mouse. The results showed that 3% MXD and 20% WO were more effective than VC in promoting hair growth, especially 20% WO. Furthermore, in hematoxylin and eosin-stained dorsal skin tissue, an increase in the number of hair follicles and subcutaneous tissue thickness was observed with 20% WO. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis also confirmed increases for 20% WO in filaggrin (Flg), a gene related to skin barrier function; fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), which is involved in hair follicle development; and cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (Crisp1), a candidate gene for alopecia areata. Furthermore, the results of KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 20% WO may have lower stress and inflammatory responses than 3% MXD. Therefore, WO is expected to be a safe hair growth agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0806, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (F.T.); (A.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (F.T.); (A.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (F.T.); (A.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama-shi 339-8539, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences (TAIIKU), Global Sport Innovation, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0806, Kanagawa, Japan;
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Choi JY, Boo MY, Boo YC. Can Plant Extracts Help Prevent Hair Loss or Promote Hair Growth? A Review Comparing Their Therapeutic Efficacies, Phytochemical Components, and Modulatory Targets. Molecules 2024; 29:2288. [PMID: 38792149 PMCID: PMC11124163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to examine the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of plant extracts in preventing and treating alopecia (baldness). We searched and selected research papers on plant extracts related to hair loss, hair growth, or hair regrowth, and comprehensively compared the therapeutic efficacies, phytochemical components, and modulatory targets of plant extracts. These studies showed that various plant extracts increased the survival and proliferation of dermal papilla cells in vitro, enhanced cell proliferation and hair growth in hair follicles ex vivo, and promoted hair growth or regrowth in animal models in vivo. The hair growth-promoting efficacy of several plant extracts was verified in clinical trials. Some phenolic compounds, terpenes and terpenoids, sulfur-containing compounds, and fatty acids were identified as active compounds contained in plant extracts. The pharmacological effects of plant extracts and their active compounds were associated with the promotion of cell survival, cell proliferation, or cell cycle progression, and the upregulation of several growth factors, such as IGF-1, VEGF, HGF, and KGF (FGF-7), leading to the induction and extension of the anagen phase in the hair cycle. Those effects were also associated with the alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cellular senescence, or apoptosis, and the downregulation of male hormones and their receptors, preventing the entry into the telogen phase in the hair cycle. Several active plant extracts and phytochemicals stimulated the signaling pathways mediated by protein kinase B (PKB, also called AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Wingless and Int-1 (WNT), or sonic hedgehog (SHH), while suppressing other cell signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Thus, well-selected plant extracts and their active compounds can have beneficial effects on hair health. It is proposed that the discovery of phytochemicals targeting the aforementioned cellular events and cell signaling pathways will facilitate the development of new targeted therapies for alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Boo
- Ppeum Clinic Daegu, 39 Dongseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41937, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Lapivu Co., Ltd., 115 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
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Tan CT, Lim CY, Lay K. Modelling Human Hair Follicles-Lessons from Animal Models and Beyond. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:312. [PMID: 38785794 PMCID: PMC11117913 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a specialized appendage of the skin that is critical for multiple functions, including thermoregulation, immune surveillance, and sebum production. Mammals are born with a fixed number of hair follicles that develop embryonically. Postnatally, these hair follicles undergo regenerative cycles of regression and growth that recapitulate many of the embryonic signaling pathways. Furthermore, hair cycles have a direct impact on skin regeneration in homeostasis, cutaneous wound healing, and disease conditions such as alopecia. Here, we review the current knowledge of hair follicle formation during embryonic development and the post-natal hair cycle, with an emphasis on the molecular signaling pathways underlying these processes. We then discuss efforts to capitalize on the field's understanding of in vivo mechanisms to bioengineer hair follicles or hair-bearing skin in vitro and how such models may be further improved to develop strategies for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Teng Tan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lay
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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6
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Frydrych A, Jurowski K. Toxicity of minoxidil - Comprehensive in silico prediction of main toxicity endpoints: Acute toxicity, irritation of skin and eye, genetic toxicity, health effect, cardiotoxicity and endocrine system disruption. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110951. [PMID: 38484827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This article focusses on elucidating the toxicological profile of minoxidil, a widely used pharmacological agent for alopecia, through the application of in silico methods (Percepta ACD/Labs software). This research is driven by the need to understand key toxicological endpoints: acute toxicity, skin and eye irritation, genetic toxicity, cardiotoxicity, disruption of the endocrine system, and estimation of various health effects due to the lack of experimental data for this drug. These parameters are critically evaluated to meet the stringent requirements of the pharmaceutical industry's safety assessments. The results obtained for acute toxicity (LD50 for rats and mouse) indicate that minoxidil exhibits a species-dependent acute toxicity profile e.g. 51 mg/kg bw for intravenous administration in mice. The predicted health effects indicate a 93% risk to the gastrointestinal system, 54% for the kidneys, 52% for the liver, 42% for the blood and lungs, and 39% for the cardiovascular system. The prediction of genotoxicity suggests a moderate probability (48%) of inducing a positive Ames test result. Furthermore, moderate inhibition of the hERG channel indicates potential cardiac risks of Minoxidil. Based on the information obtained, we propose subjecting minoxidil to additional toxicological assessments. The successful adoption of these in silico methodologies aligns with the 3 R s principle (replacement, reduction, and refinement) in the field of modern toxicological studies of minoxidil, all without the use of laboratory animals for the novelty of our toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Frydrych
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyzes, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. Mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Kamil Jurowski
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyzes, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. Mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises in Łódź, Ul. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205, Łódź, Poland.
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Rani N, Kaushik A, Kardam S, Kag S, Raj VS, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Reimagining old drugs with new tricks: Mechanisms, strategies and notable success stories in drug repurposing for neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 205:23-70. [PMID: 38789181 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent evolution in drug repurposing has brought new anticipation, especially in the conflict against neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The traditional approach to developing novel drugs for these complex disorders is laborious, time-consuming, and often abortive. However, drug reprofiling which is the implementation of illuminating novel therapeutic applications of existing approved drugs, has shown potential as a promising strategy to accelerate the hunt for therapeutics. The advancement of computational approaches and artificial intelligence has expedited drug repurposing. These progressive technologies have enabled scientists to analyse extensive datasets and predict potential drug-disease interactions. By prospecting into the existing pharmacological knowledge, scientists can recognise potential therapeutic candidates for reprofiling, saving precious time and resources. Preclinical models have also played a pivotal role in this field, confirming the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs. Several studies have occurred in recent years, including the discovery of available drugs that demonstrate significant protective effects in NDDs, relieve debilitating symptoms, or slow down the progression of the disease. These findings highlight the potential of repurposed drugs to change the landscape of NDD treatment. Here, we present an overview of recent developments and major advances in drug repurposing intending to provide an in-depth analysis of traditional drug discovery and the strategies, approaches and technologies that have contributed to drug repositioning. In addition, this chapter attempts to highlight successful case studies of drug repositioning in various therapeutic areas related to NDDs and explore the clinical trials, challenges and limitations faced by researchers in the field. Finally, the importance of drug repositioning in drug discovery and development and its potential to address discontented medical needs is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Kaushik
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Shefali Kardam
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Kag
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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Zhang S, Zhou H, Chen X, Zhu S, Chen D, Luo D, Chen S, Liu W. Microneedle Delivery Platform Integrated with Codelivery Nanoliposomes for Effective and Safe Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:15701-15717. [PMID: 38507687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Although topical application of minoxidil is a widely used, FDA-approved therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) treatment, it suffers from low bioavailability, the requirement for frequent long-term use, and side effects. With a similar structure as minoxidil, kopexil and kopyrrol are less toxic and have been commercialized, but show an inferior hair regeneration effect compared to minoxidil. Herein, we developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dissolvable microneedles (MNs) delivery platform integrated with kopexil and kopyrrol coencapsulated nanoliposomes (KK-NLPs) to effectively and safely treat AGA. Facilitated by nanoliposomes and MNs, the encapsulated KK-NLPs performed efficient skin penetration and enhanced cellular internalization into human dermal papilla cells. Furthermore, within the target cells, the codelivered kopexil and kopyrrol show synergistic effects by orchestrating an upregulation in the expression of Ki67, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD31. These molecular responses collectively foster cell proliferation, migration, and antioxidative effects, thereby facilitating the expedited progression of hair follicles (HFs) into the anagen phase and promoting peripheral angiogenesis. Notably, the KK-NLPs-integrated MNs treatment group exhibits noteworthy enhanced hair regeneration in vivo, with identical or superior therapeutic effects at a much lower dosage than that of minoxidil. These results suggest the great potential of this kopexil and kopyrrol codelivery nanoliposomes-integrated MNs platform for AGA treatment in a safe and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shasha Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Dan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
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Verma KK, Joseph B, Chen H, Friedmann DP, Tarbox M. Uncovering Shortcomings in Advertising Strategies for Over-the-Counter Minoxidil Products on Amazon. Cureus 2024; 16:e58656. [PMID: 38770460 PMCID: PMC11105151 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The over-the-counter (OTC) market for hair loss products, particularly those containing minoxidil, has significantly expanded due to the increased prevalence of hair loss. Minoxidil, a vasodilator medication, is known for its potential to stimulate hair growth. However, the rise in OTC formulations has led to misleading advertising and marketing, with some companies exaggerating the benefits of their products while minimizing potential adverse effects. Methods A Google Boolean Search was conducted to identify OTC minoxidil products. The topmost non-sponsored search engine result page was used for analysis. Products not containing any dosage of minoxidil were excluded, resulting in nine products. These were individually searched on Amazon and eight were analyzed for any addressed safety information and adverse effects profile. Results The analysis revealed that only two out of eight products (25%) reported safety information, and none of the products (0%) reported any adverse effects. Significant observations were found surrounding the transparency and accuracy of the advertising and marketing of these products. Many companies made bold claims about their products without providing supporting scientific evidence or studies. Furthermore, many of these OTC hair loss brands did not adequately mention and explain the adverse effects of the product. Conclusions The study highlights the need for greater transparency in the marketing of OTC minoxidil products. Companies should provide clear and accessible information about the safety and potential adverse effects of their products. This will empower consumers to make informed decisions and foster trust between the industry and the consumer. Furthermore, the authenticity and accuracy of marketing images should be ensured to avoid giving false hopes to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritin K Verma
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Becky Joseph
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Daniel P Friedmann
- Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Westlake Dermatology & Cosmetic Surgery, Austin, USA
| | - Michelle Tarbox
- Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
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Panchaprateep R. Medical Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia. Facial Plast Surg 2024; 40:252-266. [PMID: 37871637 DOI: 10.1055/a-2196-4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a common type of hair loss, which is generally influenced by genetic factors and systemic androgens resulting in follicular miniaturization.1 It can cause cosmetic problems leading to psychological distress among affected men and women. Effective standard medical treatments available are topical minoxidil 2 to 5%, oral finasteride, oral dutasteride, and hair transplantation.1 However, some patients do not achieve favorable results with standard treatments. For these reasons, other novel treatments have been developed, including new medications, regenerative medicines (autologous platelet-rich plasma, adipose-derived stem cells, micrograft generation, and exosome), and low-level laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchathorn Panchaprateep
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Absolute Hair Clinic, Bangkok Thailand
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Francès MP, Vila-Vecilla L, Russo V, Caetano Polonini H, de Souza GT. Utilising SNP Association Analysis as a Prospective Approach for Personalising Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:971-981. [PMID: 38555553 PMCID: PMC11052732 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent, multifactorial form of hair loss involving complex aetiological factors, such as altered androgen regulation and energy metabolism. Existing treatments offer limited success, thus highlighting the need for advanced, personalised therapeutic strategies. This study focuses on correlating the genetic mechanisms of AGA with molecular targets involved in the response to current treatment modalities. METHODS An anonymised database including 26,607 patients was subjected to analysis. The dataset included information on patients' genotypes in 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), specifically, and diagnosed AGA grades, representing a broad range of ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS In our sample, 64.6% of males and 35.4% of females were diagnosed with female pattern hair loss. This distribution aligns well with prior studies, thus validating the representativeness of our dataset. AGA grading was classified using the Hamilton-Norwood and Ludwig scales, although no association was found to the grade of the disease. SNP association analysis revealed eight SNPs, namely rs13283456 (PTGES2), rs523349 (SRD5A2), rs1800012 (COL1A1), rs4343 (ACE), rs10782665 (PTGFR), rs533116 (PTGDR2), rs12724719 (CRABP2) and rs545659 (PTGDR2), to be statistically significant with a p-value below 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The study establishes a preliminary association between eight specific SNPs and AGA. These genetic markers offer insights into the variability of therapeutic responses, thus underlining the importance of personalised treatment approaches. Our findings show the potential for more targeted research to understand these SNPs' and further roles in AGA pathophysiology and in modulating treatment response.
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Kovale L, Lee S, Song M, Lee J, Son HJ, Sung YK, Kwack MH, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J. Gynostemma pentaphyllum Hydrodistillate and Its Major Component Damulin B Promote Hair Growth-Inducing Properties In Vivo and In Vitro via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Dermal Papilla Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:985. [PMID: 38613018 PMCID: PMC11013310 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alopecia, a prevalent yet challenging condition with limited FDA-approved treatments which is accompanied by notable side effects, necessitates the exploration of natural alternatives. This study elucidated the hair growth properties of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaf hydrodistillate (GPHD) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, damulin B, a major component of GPHD, demonstrated hair growth-promoting properties in vitro. Beyond its established anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory attributes, GPHD exhibited hair growth induction in mice parallel to minoxidil. Moreover, it upregulated the expression of autocrine factors associated with hair growth, including VEGF, IGF-1, KGF, and HGF. Biochemical assays revealed that minoxidil, GPHD, and damulin B induced hair growth via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through AKT signaling, aligning with in vivo experiments demonstrating improved expression of growth factors. These findings suggest that GPHD and damulin B contribute to the hair growth-inducing properties of dermal papilla cells through the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lochana Kovale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Minhyeok Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Easy Hydrogen Corporation, Jeju City 63196, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeong Jig Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (L.K.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (I.K.); (S.S.K.)
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13
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Lee JW, Kang J, Choi JY, Hong KT, Kang HJ, Kwon O. Topical minoxidil and dietary supplement for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in childhood: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4349. [PMID: 38388674 PMCID: PMC10884397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and debilitating condition in children, with limited research on its characteristics and treatment. Therefore, this study aims to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients with CIA and the treatment outcomes of topical minoxidil and L-cystine, medicinal yeast, and pantothenic acid complex-based dietary supplements (CYP). This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients who underwent high-dose conditioning chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and were treated with either topical minoxidil or CYP for CIA between January 2011 and January 2022. Among the 70 patients evaluated, 61 (87.1%) experienced clinical improvement. Patients in the groups with superior treatment outcomes received a greater cumulative amount of minoxidil and underwent treatment for a more extended duration (P < 0.05) than those in the other groups. All 70 (100%) patients received topical minoxidil, and 42 (60%) were administered CYP. Hair thickness was significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in the minoxidil monotherapy group (21.4% vs. 9.3%, P = 0.02). However, only 3 (4.3%) patients reported mild and self-limiting adverse events. In conclusion, our study shows that minoxidil and CYP administration represent viable treatment options for pediatric CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Hong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, 101, Dabyeonbat-gil, Hwachon-myeon, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Cuevas-Diaz Duran R, Martinez-Ledesma E, Garcia-Garcia M, Bajo Gauzin D, Sarro-Ramírez A, Gonzalez-Carrillo C, Rodríguez-Sardin D, Fuentes A, Cardenas-Lopez A. The Biology and Genomics of Human Hair Follicles: A Focus on Androgenetic Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2542. [PMID: 38473791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a highly prevalent condition mainly affecting men. This complex trait is related to aging and genetics; however, multiple other factors, for example, lifestyle, are also involved. Despite its prevalence, the underlying biology of androgenetic alopecia remains elusive, and thus advances in its treatment have been hindered. Herein, we review the functional anatomy of hair follicles and the cell signaling events that play a role in follicle cycling. We also discuss the pathology of androgenetic alopecia and the known molecular mechanisms underlying this condition. Additionally, we describe studies comparing the transcriptional differences in hair follicles between balding and non-balding scalp regions. Given the genetic contribution, we also discuss the most significant risk variants found to be associated with androgenetic alopecia. A more comprehensive understanding of this pathology may be generated through using multi-omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
- CapilarFix®, Monterrey 66220, NL, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
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Rossi A, Caro G. Efficacy of the association of topical minoxidil and topical finasteride compared to their use in monotherapy in men with androgenetic alopecia: A prospective, randomized, controlled, assessor blinded, 3-arm, pilot trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:502-509. [PMID: 37798906 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Topical minoxidil (MNX) 2%-5% and oral finasteride (F) 1 mg/day are the only two pharmacological treatments authorized for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Recently, a 2.2 mg/mL topical formulation of F was developed to minimize the systemic adverse effects associated with the oral formula. MNX and F act through different mechanisms; therefore, their association could improve clinical efficacy. To evaluate the efficacy of the association of 5% MNX and 0.25% topical F compared to their use in monotherapy, a 6-month, prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded trial was conducted. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two males, mean age 24 ± 3 years, with AGA (I-VII of Norwood-Hamilton Grading Scale), treatment naive or free from any therapy for at least 6 months, were enrolled and randomly assigned to three arm treatment groups (2:1:1): group A (n = 19, the subjects applied 5% MNX in the morning and F spray in the evening), group B (n = 12, the subjects applied F spray in the evening), and group C (n = 11, the subjects applied 5% MNX twice daily). The efficacy of treatments was evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months using a global photography score (GPAS; from -3 to +3) and trichoscopy evaluation and assessed by an investigator unaware of treatment allocation. At baseline and after treatments, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and testosterone were also evaluated. RESULTS All treatments resulted in an increase in hair density compared to baseline. However, this improvement was significant only for group A (MNX + F), both at three (+56 density/cm2 , p < 0.05) and six (+81 density/cm2 , p < 0.001) months. The mean change from baseline in hair density was higher for group A compared to other groups and statistically different compared to group B (F) (p < 0.01), both after 3 and 6 months. Group A showed a global photographic assessment score (GPAS) significantly higher compared to group B (p < 0.001) and group C (p < 0.05) both at 3 and 6 months (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 0.6 ± 0.8 and 1.3 ± 0.6; respectively). A significantly greater percentage of subjects in Group A achieved a GPAS score of ≥2 in comparison with Groups B and C both after 3 and 6 months (79% vs. 8% and 41%, respectively). No significant differences were observed in mean hair diameter and hormonal levels between the three groups. Good tolerability was observed in all treated groups. CONCLUSION The association of 5% MNX lotion and 0.25% F in spray formulation in patients with AGA showed a significantly higher clinical and instrumental efficacy compared to the monotherapies, with comparable tolerability and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rossi
- Dermatologic Clinic Policlinico Umberto 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Caro
- Dermatologic Clinic Policlinico Umberto 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Sadeghzadeh Bazargan A, Tavana Z, Dehghani A, Jafarzadeh A, Tabavar A, Alavi Rad E, Goodarzi A. The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with androgenic alopecia, female and male hair loss patterns: A blinded randomized clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:543-551. [PMID: 37650533 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, affecting their quality of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone with the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with AGA, female and male hair loss patterns. METHOD This clinical study was performed on 60 women suffering from AGA. The patients were divided into two groups receiving spironolactone 100 mg/day and finasteride 5 mg/day. In addition, a 2% minoxidil solution was used in all patients in addition to treatment with finasteride or spironolactone. At 2 months after initiation and at the end of treatment, patients were evaluated using the Ludwig/Norwood-Hamilton scale and the degree of physician and patient satisfaction. RESULTS After 2 months, hair density, hair thickness, and hair loss had improved in both groups; however, statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). After 4 months, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of treatment response (physician satisfaction), hair density, and hair loss severity. So that, the drugs used were ineffective in 6.7% of cases in the minoxidil-spironolactone group and in 16.7% of cases in the minoxidil-finasteride group. In addition, 43.3% of cases in the minoxidil-spironolactone group and 53% in the minoxidil-finasteride group responded well to treatment. The treatment effect was excellent in 56.7% and 0% of the mentioned groups, respectively, and the mentioned difference was statistically significant (p: 0.01). The response to treatment in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) was not statistically significant (p: 0.52), but there was a significant difference in the response to both treatments in male pattern hair loss (MPHL; p: 0.007). In terms of patient satisfaction, minoxidil-spironolactone treatment was significantly better than minoxidil-finasteride regarding hair density and severity of hair loss (p: 0.01). Finally, in terms of treatment complications, the patients in two groups did not have any serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION The combination of minoxidil and spironolactone could be considered a more effective treatment than the combination of minoxidil and finasteride in women with AGA, FPHL, and MPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh Bazargan
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Tavana
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Dehghani
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafarzadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Tabavar
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alavi Rad
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Yang X, Qiao R, Cheng W, Lan X, Li Y, Jiang Y. Comparative efficacy of 2% minoxidil alone against combination of 2% minoxidil and low-level laser therapy in female pattern hair loss-A randomized controlled trial in Chinese females. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103966. [PMID: 38211777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness and safety of combination of 655 nm low level laser helmet device with topical 2 % minoxidil solution at FPHL in Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomized, parallel, controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted. FPHL subjects were randomly allocated into 2 % minoxidil group and combination group. The 2 % minoxidil group received 1 ml topical 2 % minoxidil solution twice daily for 24 weeks. The combination group received 1 ml topical 2 % minoxidil solution twice daily together with 20 min 655 nm low-level laser helmet once every other day for 24 weeks. Hair parameters in two scalp areas including midscalp and vertex were evaluated at baseline, 12th week and 24th week. RESULTS In midscalp area, the combination group showed a lower increase in intermediate hair percentage than 2 % minoxidil group, which was statistically significant. Besides, the combination group had statistically significant increase than 2 % minoxidil group in mean hair diameter. Reported relative adverse events included slightly hair loss (27.8 %), desquamation (19.0 %), pruritus (15.2 %), seborrhea (2.5 %) and hypertrichosis (2.5 %). CONCLUSION In our trial, LLLT was demonstrated as a useful supplementary treatment for FPHL and the combination with 2 % minoxidil accomplished better improvement in intermediate hair enlargement and hair diameter of midscalp for FPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Yang
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xuemei Lan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
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18
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Song D, Pan S, Jin W, Wu R, Zhao T, Jiang J, Zhu M. Minoxidil delivered via a stem cell membrane delivery controlled release system promotes hair growth in C57BL/6J mice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1331754. [PMID: 38260729 PMCID: PMC10800965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1331754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell membrane-loaded minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles (STCM-MXD-NPs) were prepared to investigate their effects on hair growth in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: STCM-MXD-NPs were obtained by freeze-thawing and differential centrifugation, and their effects on hair growth were evaluated using C57BL/6J mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Protein expression levels of marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) and β-catenin (CTNNB) in skin tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: STCM-MXD-NPs improved MXD solubility. They released the drug slowly, increasing its transdermal properties, accumulation in the skin, and content in the hair bulb tissues with a better efficacy than that of ordinary MXD. Moreover, STCM-MXD-NPs significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and IGF-1 and promoted the protein expression of MKI67 and CTNNB in mouse skin tissues, promoting mouse hair growth. Conclusion: Stem cell membrane-loaded MXD nanoparticles with slow-release properties increased MXD accumulation in the skin by improving its transdermal properties, increasing VEGF, IGF-1, MKI67, and CTNNB expression levels and promoting hair growth in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouxi Pan
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxia Jin
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingji Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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ElSheikh A, Driggers CM, Shyng SL. Non-radioactive Rb + Efflux Assay for Screening K ATP Channel Modulators. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2796:191-210. [PMID: 38856903 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3818-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels function as metabolic sensors that link cell membrane excitability to the cellular energy status by controlling potassium ion (K+) flow across the cell membrane according to intracellular ATP and ADP concentrations. As such, KATP channels influence a broad spectrum of physiological processes, including insulin secretion and cardiovascular functions. KATP channels are hetero-octamers, consisting of four inward rectifier potassium channel subunits, Kir6.1 or Kir6.2, and four sulfonylurea receptors (SURs), SUR1, SUR2A, or SUR2B. Different Kir6 and SUR isoforms assemble into KATP channel subtypes with distinct tissue distributions and physiological functions. Mutations in the genes encoding KATP channel subunits underlie various human diseases. Targeted treatment for these diseases requires subtype-specific KATP channel modulators. Rubidium ions (Rb+) also pass through KATP channels, and Rb+ efflux assays can be used to assess KATP channel function and activity. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (Flame-AAS) combined with microsampling can measure Rb+ in small volume, which provides an efficient tool to screen for compounds that alter KATP channel activity in Rb+ efflux assays. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for Rb+ efflux assays designed to identify new KATP channel modulators with potential therapeutic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assmaa ElSheikh
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Camden M Driggers
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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20
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da Silva Prado L, Grivicich I, Miri JM, Charão MF, Bonfada A, Endres da Rocha G, Bondan da Silva J, Menezes Boaretto FB, Garcia ALH, da Silva J, Picada JN. Toxicological assessment of minoxidil: A drug with therapeutic potential besides alopecia. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114211. [PMID: 38007212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Minoxidil is regularly prescribed for alopecia, and its therapeutic potential has expanded in recent times. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate its toxicity, and controversial findings regarding its mutagenic activities remain unsolved. This study aimed to access cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties of minoxidil using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, comet assay, and micronucleus test in mouse fibroblast (L929) cells and its point mutation induction potential in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Furthermore, an in vivo toxicity assessment was conducted in Caenorhabditis elegans. Minoxidil showed cytotoxicity at 2.0 mg/mL in MTT assay. Genotoxicity was observed after 3 h treatment in L929 cells using comet assay. No mutagenic effect was observed in both the micronucleus test and the Salmonella/microsome assay. The lethal dose 50 in C. elegans was determined to be 1.75 mg/mL, and a delay in body development was detected at all concentrations. In conclusion, minoxidil induces DNA damage only in early treatment, implying that this DNA damage may be repairable. This observation corroborates the absence of mutagenic activities observed in L929 cells and Salmonella typhimurium strains. However, the toxicity of minoxidil was evident in both C. elegans and L929 cells, underscoring the need for caution in its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lismare da Silva Prado
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Machado Miri
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, ERS-239, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bonfada
- Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, ERS-239, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Endres da Rocha
- Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, ERS-239, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bondan da Silva
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brião Menezes Boaretto
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, LaSalle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, LaSalle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Tang GT, Daunton A. Athena: Specialty Certificate Examination case for formulation and systemic therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1400-1401. [PMID: 37595136 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This Athena details the case of a 53-year-old woman with ongoing hair loss who was taking several medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia T Tang
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Daunton
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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22
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Cucciniello L, Garufi G, Di Rienzo R, Martinelli C, Pavone G, Giuliano M, Arpino G, Montemurro F, Del Mastro L, De Laurentiis M, Puglisi F. Estrogen deprivation effects of endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients: Incidence, management and outcome. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 120:102624. [PMID: 37751658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is one of the standard adjuvant treatments to reduce the risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer. Despite its proven efficacy, ET side effects, which persist over time even if low grade, may deteriorate quality of life. During follow-up visits, emphasis is generally placed on the risk of disease recurrence, while the topic of ET side effects is commonly neglected and discussed only briefly. This could lead to poor adherence to therapy and early treatment discontinuation, resulting in worse survival outcomes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the available evidence on the incidence and reporting of ET-related side effects (including vasomotor symptoms, musculoskeletal disorders and genitourinary syndrome of menopause, as well as fatigue, psychological and ocular disorders, dysmetabolic effects and loss of bone density) and of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies available to mitigate symptom burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cucciniello
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Garufi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossana Di Rienzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Martinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Del Mastro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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23
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He G, Liu M, Wang F, Sun S, Cao Y, Sun Y, Ma S, Wang Y. Non-invasive assessment of hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia mice in vivo using two-photon and second harmonic generation imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5870-5885. [PMID: 38021124 PMCID: PMC10659803 DOI: 10.1364/boe.503312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of crucial targets for hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) involves determining important characteristics and different stages during the process of hair follicle regeneration. Traditional methods for assessing key features and different stages of hair follicle primarily involve taking skin tissue samples and determining them through various staining or other methods. However, non-invasive assessment methods have been long sought. Therefore, in this study, endogenous fluorescence signals from skin keratin and second harmonic signals from skin collagen fibers were utilized as probes, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging techniques were employed to non-invasively assess hair shafts and collagen fibers in AGA mice in vivo. The TPEF imaging technique revealed that the alternation of new and old hair shafts and the different stages of the growth period in AGA mice were delayed. In addition, SHG imaging found testosterone reduced hair follicle area and miniaturized hair follicles. The non-invasive TPEF and SHG imaging techniques provided important methodologies for determining significant characteristics and different stages of the growth cycle in AGA mice, which will facilitate future non-invasive assessments on human scalps in vivo and reduce the use of animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiying He
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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24
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Lendvai A, Béke G, Hollósi E, Becker M, Völker JM, Schulze Zur Wiesche E, Bácsi A, Bíró T, Mihály J. N,N-Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt Exerts Marked Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Various Dermatitis Models and Activates Human Epidermal Keratinocytes by Increasing Proliferation, Migration, and Growth Factor Release. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11264. [PMID: 37511024 PMCID: PMC10379135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is a naturally occurring compound being widely used as an oral supplement to improve growth and physical performance. Thus far, its effects on human skin have not been described in the literature. For the first time, we show that N,N-dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) promoted the proliferation of cultured human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Even at high doses, DMG-Na did not compromise the cellular viability of these cells. In a scratch wound-closure assay, DMG-Na augmented the rate of wound closure, demonstrating that it promotes keratinocyte migration. Further, DMG-Na treatment of the cells resulted in the upregulation of the synthesis and release of specific growth factors. Intriguingly, DMG-Na also exerted robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as assessed in three different models of human keratinocytes, mimicking microbial and allergic contact dermatitis as well as psoriasis and UVB irradiation-induced solar dermatitis. These results identify DMG-Na as a highly promising novel active compound to promote epidermal proliferation, regeneration, and repair, and to exert protective functions. Further preclinical and clinical studies are under investigation to prove the seminal impact of topically applied DMG-Na on relevant conditions of the skin and its appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lendvai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Béke
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Hollósi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maike Becker
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Erik Schulze Zur Wiesche
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Johanna Mihály
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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25
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Kaiser M, Abdin R, Gaumond SI, Issa NT, Jimenez JJ. Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: Current Guidance and Unmet Needs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1387-1406. [PMID: 37284568 PMCID: PMC10239632 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s385861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women. Traditionally, topical minoxidil and oral finasteride have been the standard of care yielding mixed results. New treatments such as Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), microneedling, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and others have been extensively studied in the literature, and the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the latest treatment methods and their efficacy in treating AGA. Novel therapies such as oral minoxidil, topical finasteride, topical spironolactone, botulinum toxin, and stem cell therapy offer interesting alternatives to standard of care therapies for patients. In this review, we present data from recent studies on the clinical efficacy of these treatments. Furthermore, as new treatments have emerged, clinicians have tested combination therapies to assess whether there may be a synergistic relationship between multiple modalities. While there has been a great increase in the treatments available for AGA, the quality of evidence varies greatly and there is still a great need for randomized double blinded clinical trials to adequately assess the clinical efficacy of some treatments. While PRP and LLLT have demonstrated encouraging results, standardized treatment protocols are needed to adequately inform clinicians on how to use such therapies. Given the abundance of new therapeutic options, clinicians and patients must weigh the benefits and risks of each treatment option for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaiser
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rama Abdin
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Simonetta I Gaumond
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Naiem T Issa
- Forefront Dermatology, Vienna, VA, USA
- Issa Research and Consulting, LLC, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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26
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Devjani S, Ezemma O, Kelley KJ, Stratton E, Senna M. Androgenetic Alopecia: Therapy Update. Drugs 2023; 83:701-715. [PMID: 37166619 PMCID: PMC10173235 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern hair loss (MPHL) or female pattern hair loss (FPHL), is the most common form of alopecia worldwide, and arises from an excessive response to androgens. AGA presents itself in a characteristic distribution unique to both sexes. Despite its prevalence, AGA can be quite challenging to treat. The condition is chronic in nature and stems from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. There are only two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for the condition: topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. However, numerous non-FDA-approved treatments have been shown to be effective in treating AGA in various studies. Some of these treatments are relatively new and still to be explored, thus emphasizing the need for an updated review of the literature. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the evaluation of AGA and the mechanisms of action, costs, efficacies, and safety profiles of existing, alternative, and upcoming therapeutics for this widespread condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Devjani
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 67 South Bedford St, #100, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Ogechi Ezemma
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 67 South Bedford St, #100, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Kristen J Kelley
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 67 South Bedford St, #100, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Emma Stratton
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 67 South Bedford St, #100, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Maryanne Senna
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 67 South Bedford St, #100, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Albalawi MA, Hafez AM, Elhawary SS, Sedky NK, Hassan OF, Bakeer RM, El Hadi SA, El-Desoky AH, Mahgoub S, Mokhtar FA. The medicinal activity of lyophilized aqueous seed extract of Lepidium sativum L. in an androgenic alopecia model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7676. [PMID: 37169776 PMCID: PMC10175567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the topical effect of Lepidium sativum lyophilized seed extract (LSLE) towards Sustanon-induced alopecia in male adult Wistar albino rats in vivo, compared to minoxidil topical reference standard drug (MRD). LC-MS/MS together with molecular networking was used to profile the metabolites of LSLE. LSLE treated group revealed significant changes in alopecia related biomarkers, perturbation of androgenic markers; decline in testosterone level and elevation in 5α-reductase (5-AR); decline in the cholesterol level. On the other hand, LSLE treated group showed improvement in vascular markers; CTGF, FGF and VEGF. Groups treated topically with minoxidil and LSLE showed significant improvement in hair length. LC-MS/MS profile of LSLE tentatively identified 17 constituents: mainly glucosinolates, flavonoid glycosides, alkaloids and phenolic acids. The results point to the potential role of LSLE in the treatment of alopecia through decreasing 5(alpha)-dihydrotestosterone levels. Molecular docking was attempted to evaluate the probable binding mode of identified compounds to androgen receptor (PDB code: 4K7A).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed M Hafez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham S Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada K Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Rofanda M Bakeer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Soha Abd El Hadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H El-Desoky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 112611, Egypt
| | - Sebaey Mahgoub
- Food Analysis Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, Sia, 44813, Egypt
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28
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Kageyama T, Miyata H, Seo J, Nanmo A, Fukuda J. In vitro hair follicle growth model for drug testing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4847. [PMID: 36964149 PMCID: PMC10038375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of human hair follicle-like tissue could be fundamental tools to better understand hair follicle morphogenesis and hair drug screening. During prenatal development and postnatal cyclic hair regeneration, hair follicle morphogenesis is triggered by reciprocal interactions and the organization of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations. Given this mechanism, we developed an approach to induce hair peg-like sprouting in organoid cultures composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Human fetal/adult epithelial and mesenchymal cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with a low concentration of either Matrigel or collagen I. These extracellular matrices significantly enhanced the self-organization capabilities of the epithelial and mesenchymal cells, resulting in spherical aggregation and subsequent hair peg-like sprouting. The length of the hair peg sprouting and associated gene expression significantly increased in the presence of a well-known hair drug, minoxidil. This approach may be beneficial for testing hair growth-promoting drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuto Kageyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-0012, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hikaru Miyata
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Jieun Seo
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nanmo
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-0012, Japan.
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29
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Shibato J, Takenoya F, Kimura A, Min CW, Yamashita M, Gupta R, Kim ST, Rakwal R, Shioda S. Examining the Effect of Notocactus ottonis Cold Vacuum Isolated Plant Cell Extract on Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice Using a Combination of Physiological and OMICS Analyses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041565. [PMID: 36838553 PMCID: PMC9967486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological and psychological importance of hair is recognized worldwide. Molecules that can promote the activation of hair follicle stem cells and the initiation of the growth phase have been subjects of research. Clarifying how hair regeneration is regulated may help to provide hair loss treatments, including cosmetic and even psychological interventions. We examined the hair-growing effects of a cell extract (CE) obtained from cactus Notocactus ottonis by the cold vacuum extraction protocol, by investigating its hair-growing effects, relevant mechanisms, and potential factors therein. Using male C57BL/6 mice, vehicle control (VC: propylene glycol: ethanol: water), MXD (minoxidil, positive control), and N. ottonis CE (N-CE, experimental) were applied topically to the backs of mice. The results showed that MXD and N-CE were more effective in promoting hair growth than VC. An increase in number of hair follicles was observed with N-CE in hematoxylin-eosin-stained skin tissue. The metabolite composition of N-CE revealed the presence of growth-promoting factors. Using mouse back whole-skin tissue samples, whole-genome DNA microarray (4 × 44 K, Agilent) and proteomics (TMT-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses were carried out, suggesting the molecular factors underlying hair-promoting effects of N-CE. This study raises the possibility of using the newly described N. ottonis CE as a hair-growth-promoting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (S.S.)
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30
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Chemotherapy: how to reduce its adverse effects while maintaining the potency? Med Oncol 2023; 40:88. [PMID: 36735206 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the widely used anticancer treatments that involves the use of powerful cytotoxic drugs to stop tumor growth by targeting rapidly dividing cells through various mechanisms, which will be elucidated in this review. Introduced during the early twentieth century, chemotherapy has since lengthened the longevity of innumerable cancer patients. However, the increase in lifespan is at the expense of quality of life as patients are at risk of developing short-term and long-term side effects following chemotherapy, such as alopecia (hair loss), chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, cardiotoxicity, diarrhea, infertility, and chemo brain. Currently, a number of these chemotherapy-induced adverse effects are managed through supportive care and approved treatments, while the rest of the side effects are unavoidable. Hence, chemotherapeutic drugs associated with inevitable side effects are only administered when their therapeutic role outweighs their chemotoxicity, thus severely limiting the potency of chemotherapy in treating malignancy. Therein, the potential approaches to alleviating side effects of chemotherapy ranging from pharmaceutical drugs to alternative therapies will be discussed in this review in hopes of increasing the tolerance and effectiveness of future chemotherapeutic treatments.
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31
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Kesika P, Sivamaruthi BS, Thangaleela S, Bharathi M, Chaiyasut C. Role and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Hair Growth and Health. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:206. [PMID: 37259355 PMCID: PMC9963650 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair health is associated with personal distress and psychological well-being. Even though hair loss (alopecia) does not affect humans' biological health, it affects an individual's social well-being. So, treatment for hair problems and improving hair health are obligatory. Several pharmacological and cosmeceutical treatment procedures are available to manage hair loss and promote growth. Several factors associated with hair health include genetics, disease or disorder, drugs, lifestyle, chemical exposure, and unhealthy habits such as smoking, diet, and stress. Synthetic and chemical formulations have side effects, so people are moving towards natural compounds-based remedies for their hair problems. The history of using phytochemicals for hair health has been documented anciently. However, scientific studies on hair loss have accelerated in recent decades. The current review summarizes the type of alopecia, the factor affecting hair health, alopecia treatments, phytochemicals' role in managing hair loss, and the mechanisms of hair growth-stimulating properties of phytochemicals. The literature survey suggested that phytochemicals are potent candidates for developing treatment procedures for different hair problems. Further detailed studies are needed to bring the scientific evidence to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muruganantham Bharathi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Integrative and Mechanistic Approach to the Hair Growth Cycle and Hair Loss. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030893. [PMID: 36769541 PMCID: PMC9917549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle is composed of four primary phases: anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen. Anagen is a highly mitotic phase characterized by the production of a hair shaft from the hair follicle, whereas catagen and telogen describe regression and the resting phase of the follicle, respectively, ultimately resulting in hair shedding. While 9% of hair follicles reside in telogen at any time, a variety of factors promote anagen to telogen transition, including inflammation, hormones, stress, nutritional deficiency, poor sleep quality, and cellular division inhibiting medication. Conversely, increased blood flow, direct stimulation of the hair follicle, and growth factors promote telogen to anagen transition and subsequent hair growth. This review seeks to comprehensively describe the hair cycle, anagen and telogen balance, factors that promote anagen to telogen transition and vice versa, and the clinical utility of a variety of lab testing and evaluations. Ultimately, a variety of factors impact the hair cycle, necessitating a holistic approach to hair loss.
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Smith GL. Hair Regrowth with Novel Hemp Extract: A Case Series. Int J Trichology 2023; 15:18-24. [PMID: 37305187 PMCID: PMC10251293 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_34_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The endocannabinoid system (ECS), discovered in the 1990s, is a system involved with maintaining cellular homeostasis by down-regulating the damaging inflammatory responses and upregulating regenerative processes. Cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) are all phytocannabinoids found in varying quantities in hemp extract. These three cannabinoids have novel therapeutic effects on hair regrowth through the ECS. The method of action is different from and synergistic with current hair regrowth therapies. The three cannabinoids are fat-soluble and poorly absorbed past the epidermis, but topical application easily reaches hair follicles where they act as partial or full CB1 antagonist and agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and vanilloid receptor-4 (TRPV4). All these ECS receptors relate to hair follicle function. Blocking the CB1 receptor on the hair follicle has been shown to result in hair shaft elongation; in addition, the hair follicle cycle (anagen, catagen, and telogen phases) is controlled by TRPV1. The effects of CBD on hair growth are dose dependent and higher doses may result in premature entry into the catagen phase through a different receptor known as TRPV4. CBD has also been shown to increase Wnt signaling, which causes dermal progenitor cells to differentiate into new hair follicles and maintains anagen phase of the hair cycle. Objective This study was conducted on subjects with androgenetic alopecia (AGA), as follow-up to a prior published study using hemp extract high in CBD without CBDV or THCV. That study showed an average 93.5% increase in hair numbers after 6 months of use. This subsequent study is being done to determine if daily topical application of a hemp-oil high in CBD, THCV, and CBDV concentrations would result in improved hair regrowth in the area of the scalp most affected by AGA. Materials and Methods A case series study was done of 31 (15 men and 16 women, 27 Caucasian, 2 Asian, and 1 mixed race) subjects with AGA. They used a once-daily topical hemp extract formulation, averaging about 33 mg/day for 6 months. A hair count of the greatest area of alopecia was carried out before treatment was started and again after 6 months of treatment. To facilitate consistent hair count analysis, a permanent tattoo was placed at the point for maximum hair loss on the scalp. The subjects were also asked to qualitatively rate their psychosocial perception of "scalp coverage" improvement after the study was completed. The qualitative scale included "very unhappy," "unhappy," "neutral," "happy," and "very happy." The subjects were photographed in a standard manner before and after the study. The photographs were compared for improvements in "scalp coverage" by an independent physician. The qualitative scale included "none," "mild," "moderate," and "extensive" improvement of scalp coverage. Results The results revealed that all subjects had some regrowth. This ranged from 31.25% (from 16 to 21 hairs) to 2000% (from 1 to 21 hairs). The average increase was statistically significant 246% (15.07 hairs/cm2 increase) in men and 127% (16.06 hairs/cm2) in women. There were no reported adverse effects. All subjects rated their psychosocial perception of the effects of the hair loss, as "happy" or "very happy." Independent review of the photographs revealed evidence of "mild" to "extensive" scalp coverage improvements for all of the subjects. Conclusion Although the exact mechanism of therapeutic effects is not known, THCV and CBDV are most likely functioning as full CB1 receptor neutral antagonists and CBD is most likely functioning as a partial CB1 receptor antagonist and potentially through Wnt messaging. All three cannabinoids were functioning as TRPV1 agonists. The addition of menthol through the peppermint extract is probably acting through promoting a rapid onset of anagen phase. This topical hemp formulation was superior to oral finasteride, 5% minoxidil once daily foam and CBD topical extract alone. Since this hemp extract works through novel mechanisms entirely different from both finasteride and minoxidil, it can be used in conjunction with these current drugs and would be expected to have synergistic effects. However, safety and efficacy of this combination would be to be evaluated.
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Bang M, Yang SJ, Ahn T, Han SH, Shin CY, Kwon KJ. Minoxidil Regulates Aging-Like Phenotypes in Rat Cortical Astrocytes In Vitro. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:116-126. [PMID: 36535699 PMCID: PMC9810449 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainly due to the slanted focus on the mechanism and regulation of neuronal aging, research on astrocyte aging and its modulation during brain aging is scarce. In this study, we established aged astrocyte culture model by long-term culturing. Cellular senescence was confirmed through SA-β-gal staining as well as through the examination of morphological, molecular, and functional markers. RNA sequencing and functional analysis of astrocytes were performed to further investigate the detailed characteristics of the aged astrocyte model. Along with aged phenotypes, decreased astrocytic proliferation, migration, mitochondrial energetic function and support for neuronal survival and differentiation has been observed in aged astrocytes. In addition, increased expression of cytokines and chemokine-related factors including plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) was observed in aged astrocytes. Using the RNA sequencing results, we searched potential drugs that can normalize the dysregulated gene expression pattern observed in long-term cultured aged astrocytes. Among several candidates, minoxidil, a pyrimidine-derived anti-hypertensive and anti-pattern hair loss drug, normalized the increased number of SA-β-gal positive cells and nuclear size in aged astrocytes. In addition, minoxidil restored up-regulated activity of PAI-1 and increased mitochondrial superoxide production in aged astrocytes. We concluded that long term culture of astrocytes can be used as a reliable model for the study of astrocyte senescence and minoxidil can be a plausible candidate for the regulation of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Bang
- Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Yang
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeJin Ahn
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-2-454-5630, Fax: +82-2-548-5630
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Prugsakij W, Numsawat S, Netchareonsirisuk P, Tengamnuay P, De-Eknamkul W. Mechanistic synergy of hair growth promotion by the Avicennia marina extract and its active constituent (avicequinone C) in dermal papilla cells isolated from androgenic alopecia patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284853. [PMID: 37083946 PMCID: PMC10121027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is associated with an increased production of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by steroid-5α-reductase (5α-R). Crude extracts from Avicennia marina (AM) and its active constituent, avicequinone C (AC), can inhibit 5α-R. We have, herein, explored the potential use of the AM extract and of AC as anti-AGA agents. To this end, we employed human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) isolated from AGA patients' hair that express 5α-R type-1 as well as the androgenic receptor (AR) at high levels. Our in vitro experiments revealed that the AM extract (10 μg/mL) and the AC (10 μM) exhibit multiple actions that interfere with the mechanism that causes AGA. Beside acting as 5α-R inhibitors, both preparations were able to inhibit either the DHT-AR complex formation or its translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus (the site of DHT's action). The treatments also increased the gene expression of growth factors in DPCs; these factors play important roles in the angiogenesis associated with hair growth. Moreover, the AM extract suppressed the apoptotic pathway, thereby postponing the initiation of the catagen phase. Taken together, our findings suggest that the AM extract and the AC could serve as natural sources for hair growth promotion and AGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woraanong Prugsakij
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Numsawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Bureau of Drug Control, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ponsawan Netchareonsirisuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Natural Product Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parkpoom Tengamnuay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Natural Product Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alhanshali L, Buontempo MG, Lo Sicco KI, Shapiro J. Alopecia Areata: Burden of Disease, Approach to Treatment, and Current Unmet Needs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:803-820. [PMID: 37025396 PMCID: PMC10072216 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s376096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune hair loss disorder with variations in distribution, duration, and severity. The disease is chronic and often follows an unpredictable course, frequently leading to stress and anxiety for those who suffer from it. Throughout the years more knowledge has been gained regarding pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, impact on quality of life, as well as treatment strategies for alopecia areata. However, challenges in treating and alleviating the burden of disease remain. In this article, we discuss updates regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of alopecia areata and highlight unmet needs of the condition, including a review of limitations of current treatments, accessibility to management strategies, and the need for disease awareness and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Alhanshali
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Buontempo
- Department of Dermatology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Kristen I Lo Sicco
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Jerry Shapiro, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA, Email
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Lang X, Liu J, Zhang G, Feng X, Dan W. Knowledge Mapping of Drug Repositioning's Theme and Development. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1157-1174. [PMID: 37096060 PMCID: PMC10122475 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s405906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the emergence of new diseases and resistance to known diseases have led to increasing demand for new drugs. By means of bibliometric analysis, this paper studied the relevant articles on drug repositioning in recent years and analyzed the current research foci and trends. Methodology The Web of Science database was searched to collect all relevant literature on drug repositioning from 2001 to 2022. These data were imported into CiteSpace and bibliometric online analysis platforms for bibliometric analysis. The processed data and visualized images predict the development trends in the research field. Results The quality and quantity of articles published after 2011 have improved significantly, with 45 of them cited more than 100 times. Articles posted by journals from different countries have high citation values. Authors from other institutions have also collaborated to analyze drug rediscovery. Keywords found in the literature include molecular docking (N=223), virtual screening (N=170), drug discovery (N=126), machine learning (N=125), and drug-target interaction (N=68); these words represent the core content of drug repositioning. Conclusion The key focus of drug research and development is related to the discovery of new indications for drugs. Researchers are starting to retarget drugs after analyzing online databases and clinical trials. More and more drugs are being targeted at other diseases to treat more patients, based on saving money and time. It is worth noting that researchers need more financial and technical support to complete drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Lang
- Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- Cardiology Department, Guang ‘anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhong Zhang
- Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Dan
- Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wenchao Dan, Dermatological Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13652001152, Email
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Kang JI, Choi YK, Han SC, Kim HG, Hong SW, Kim J, Kim JH, Hyun JW, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Limonin, a Component of Immature Citrus Fruits, Activates Anagen Signaling in Dermal Papilla Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245358. [PMID: 36558517 PMCID: PMC9787355 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss remains a significant problem that is difficult to treat; therefore, there is a need to identify safe natural materials that can help patients with hair loss. We evaluated the hair anagen activation effects of limonin, which is abundant in immature citrus fruits. Limonin increased the proliferation of rat dermal papilla cells (rDPC) by changing the levels of cyclin D1 and p27, and increasing the number of BrdU-positive cells. Limonin increased autophagy by decreasing phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin levels and increasing the phospho-Raptor, ATG7 and LC3B. Limonin also activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing phospho-β-catenin levels. XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited these limonin-induced changes, including induced autophagy, BrdU-positive cells, and cell proliferation. Limonin increased the phosphorylated AKT levels in both two-dimensional cultured rDPC and three-dimensional spheroids. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited limonin-induced proliferation, and disrupted other limonin-mediated changes, including decreased p27, increased BrdU-positive cells, induced autophagy, and increased ATG7 and LC3B levels. Wortmannin also inhibited limonin-induced cyclin D1 and LC3 expression in spheroids. Collectively, these results indicate that limonin can enhance anagen signaling by activating autophagy via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and/or PI3K/AKT pathways in rDPC, highlighting a candidate nutrient for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Choi
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3846; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
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Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharide (DOP) Promotes Hair Regrowth in Testosterone-Induced Bald Mice. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 47:833-841. [PMID: 36470987 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia can affect up to 70% of males and 40% of females; however, certain therapeutic medications offer partial and transitory improvement but with major side effects. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) has been reported to improve androgen-related hair loss in mice, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of DOP on androgenetic alopecia. METHODS In this study, testosterone was subcutaneously administered to shave dorsa skin of mice to establish androgenetic alopecia; the effects of DOP in androgenetic alopecia were explored by DOP administration. RESULTS Testosterone treatment extended the time of skin growing dark and hair growing, decreased the mean numbers of follicles in skin tissues, decreased β-catenin and cyclin D1 levels, and elevated testosterone, DHT (dihydrotestosterone), and 5α-reductase levels. In contrast, DOP administration shortened skin growing dark and hair growing times, promoted follicle cell proliferation, increased follicle numbers, increased β-catenin and cyclin D1 levels, and decreased testosterone, DHT, and 5α-reductase levels. CONCLUSION DOP application significantly improved testosterone-induced hair follicle miniaturization and hair loss, possibly through affecting the Wnt signaling and hair follicle stem cell functions. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Joo HW, Kim MK, Bak SS, Sung YK. Bioengineering of Hair Follicle-like Structure for Validation of Hair Growth Promoting Compounds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:645. [PMID: 36354556 PMCID: PMC9687544 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to establish screening and efficacy test techniques for use in the development of hair-promoting agents. To this end, we used the dermal papilla cell (DPc)-derived immortalized cell line (SV40T-hTERT DPc) and neonatal foreskin-derived keratinocyte cell line (Ker-CT) to form an immortalized cell-based hair follicle-like structure. The SV40T-hTERT DPc spheroids exhibited a higher cell ratio in the spheroids than primary DPc spheroids, and SV40T-hTERT DPc aggregated with spheroids larger in diameter than primary DPc when the same cell number was seeded into the low-adhesion plate. Microscopic imaging and fluorescence staining results indicated that both primary and immortalized cell combinations form a hair follicle-like structure with a long-stretched keratinocyte layer under the condition that the spheroids have the same diameter as that of in vivo dermal papillary tissue in the hair follicle. The hair follicle-like structure elongation was increased upon treatment with three known hair follicle growth-promoting compounds (minoxidil, tofacitinib, and ascorbic acid) compared with that in the control group. Therefore, using immortalized cells to generate a coherent follicle-like structure, we have developed models for screening and evaluating hair-care materials commonly used in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Joo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Soon Sun Bak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Saleem K, Siddiqui B, .ur.Rehman A, Taqi MM, Ahmed N. Exploiting Recent Trends in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia through Topical Nanocarriers of Minoxidil. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:292. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Trüeb RM, Caballero-Uribe N, Luu NNC, Dmitriev A. Serious complication of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 30:97-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Elmowafy M, Shalaby K, Alruwaili NK, Elkomy MH, Zafar A, Soliman GM, Salama A, Barakat EH. EthoLeciplex: A new tool for effective cutaneous delivery of minoxidil. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:457-469. [PMID: 36093810 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This work designates EthoLeciplex, a vesicular system consisting of phospholipid, CTAB, ethanol and water, as an innovative vesicular system for cutaneous/transfollicular minoxidil delivery. Minoxidil loaded EthoLeciplex was fabricated by one-step fabrication process. Formulations were designed to study the effects of drug/phospholipid ratio, CTAB/phospholipid ratio, and ethanol concentration on vesicular size, PDI, surface charge and EE%. The optimized formulation was characterized by in vitro release, drug/excipient compatibility, ex vivo skin permeability and safety. A size of 83.6 ± 7.3 to 530.3 ± 29.4 nm, PDI of 0.214 ± 0.01 to 0.542 ± 0.08, and zeta potential of +31.6 ± 4.8 to +57.4 ± 12.5 mV were observed. Encapsulation efficiency was obtained in its maximum value (91.9 ± 16.2%) at the lowest drug/phospholipid ratio, median CTAB/phospholipid and the highest ethanol concentration. The optimized formulation was consisted of 0.3 as drug/lipid ratio, 1.25 as CTAB/lipid ratio and 30% ethanol concentration and showed responses' values in agreement with the predicted results. DSC studies suggested that EthoLeciplex existed in flexible state with complete incorporation of minoxidil into lipid bilayer. The cumulative amount of minoxidil permeated from EthoLeciplex, conventional liposome and ethanolic solution after 12h were 36.3 ± 1.5 µg/ml, 21 ± 2.0 µg/ml and 55 ± 4.0 µg/ml respectively. Based on the remaining amount, the amount of minoxidil accumulated in different skin layers can be predicted in descending order as follows; EthoLeciplex > conventional liposome > minoxidil solution. EthoLeciplex produced marked disorder in the stratum corneum integrity and swelling with no features of skin toxicity. This new cationic system is a promising carrier for cutaneous/transfollicular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghareb M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Ind. Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsaied H Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Ind. Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Inan Yuksel E, Demir B, Cicek D, Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Calik I, Sahin F. Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate promotes hair growth through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and growth factors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127007. [PMID: 35623224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron (B) is an element involved in many physiological processes in humans and accelerates wound healing and increases angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) on hair growth and reveal its effects on Wnt-1, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathways, which are important molecular mechanisms involved in hair growth. METHODS Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley/Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups: non-shaved control, shaved control, NaB 1 mg (shaved + NaB 1 mg elemental B/kg CA), NaB 2 mg (shaved + NaB 2 mg elemental B/kg CA), and NaB 4 mg (shaved + NaB 4 mg elemental B/kg CA). Hair density was measured using the trichoscopy method. Dorsal skin samples were examined histopathologically at the end of the 42nd day, and follicle count, follicle diameter, and subcutaneous tissue thickness were recorded. Wnt-1, β-catenin, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I levels were analyzed with the Western blot method. RESULTS In trichoscopy measurements, hair density increased in the NaB 4 mg group (90.9%). In histopathological examination, anagen follicles were observed to increase in the NaB 1 mg and 2 mg groups (p < 0.05). Follicle diameter increased in all NaB groups (p < 0.05). The Wnt-1, β-catenin, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I level increased in the NaB 1 mg and 2 mg groups (p < 0.05), but they were similar in the NaB 4 mg group compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION NaB 1 and 2 mg B/kg supplementation induces the anagen phase in rats via Wnt-1, β-catenin, VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1 signaling pathways. NaB 4 mg B/kg suppresses these pathways and adversely affects hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Inan Yuksel
- Department of Dermatology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Betul Demir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Demet Cicek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Calik
- Department of Pathology, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yilmaz DN, Onluturk Aydogan O, Kori M, Aydin B, Rahman MR, Moni MA, Turanli B. Prospects of integrated multi-omics-driven biomarkers for efficient hair loss therapy from systems biology perspective. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McClenaghan C, Nichols CG. Kir6.1 and SUR2B in Cantú syndrome. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C920-C935. [PMID: 35876283 PMCID: PMC9467476 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00154.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kir6.1 and SUR2 are subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels expressed in a wide range of tissues. Extensive study has implicated roles of these channel subunits in diverse physiological functions. Together they generate the predominant KATP conductance in vascular smooth muscle and are the target of vasodilatory drugs. Roles for Kir6.1/SUR2 dysfunction in disease have been suggested based on studies of animal models and human genetic discoveries. In recent years, it has become clear that gain-of-function (GoF) mutations in both genes result in Cantú syndrome (CS)-a complex, multisystem disorder. There is currently no targeted therapy for CS, but studies of mouse models of the disease reveal that pharmacological reversibility of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal pathologies can be achieved by administration of the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. Here we review the function, structure, and physiological and pathological roles of Kir6.1/SUR2B channels, with a focus on CS. Recent studies have led to much improved understanding of the underlying pathologies and the potential for treatment, but important questions remain: Can the study of genetically defined CS reveal new insights into Kir6.1/SUR2 function? Do these reveal new pathophysiological mechanisms that may be important in more common diseases? And is our pharmacological armory adequately stocked?
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McClenaghan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Activation of cAMP Signaling in Response to α-Phellandrene Promotes Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels and Proliferation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168959. [PMID: 36012223 PMCID: PMC9409021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are growth factor reservoirs that are specialized for hair morphogenesis and regeneration. Due to their essential role in hair growth, DPCs are commonly used as an in vitro model to investigate the effects of hair growth-regulating compounds and their molecular mechanisms of action. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular second messenger, is currently employed as a growth-promoting target molecule. In a pilot test, we found that α-phellandrene, a naturally occurring phytochemical, increased cAMP levels in DPCs. Therefore, we sought to determine whether α-phellandrene increases growth factors and proliferation in human DPCs and to identify the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that α-phellandrene promotes cell proliferation concentration-dependently. In addition, it increases the cAMP downstream effectors, such as protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA Cα) and phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Also, among the CREB-dependent growth factor candidates, we identified that α-phellandrene selectively upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in DPCs. Notably, the beneficial effects of α-phellandrene were nullified by a cAMP inhibitor. This study demonstrated the cAMP-mediated growth effects in DPCs and the therapeutic potential of α-phellandrene for preventing hair loss.
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Liang X, Chang Y, Wu H, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang L, Zhuo F. Efficacy and Safety of 5% Minoxidil Alone, Minoxidil Plus Oral Spironolactone, and Minoxidil Plus Microneedling on Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Prospective, Single-Center, Parallel-Group, Evaluator Blinded, Randomized Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:905140. [PMID: 35899211 PMCID: PMC9309533 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.905140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of topical minoxidil (MX) alone on female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is limited. Combination therapy based on topical MX is currently expected to provide better outcomes. Objectives This study aimed to assess whether the combined therapies including MX plus oral spironolactone (SPT) and MX plus microneedling (MN) have advantages in efficacy and safety over topical MX alone on mild-to-moderate FPHL with normal hormone levels in the blood and regular menstrual cycle. Methods A prospective, single-center, parallel-group, evaluator blinded, randomized trial including 120 non-menopause women with proven FPHL (Sinclair class II-III) was performed in China. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups, namely, the MX group (5% topical MX alone, once daily), the MX + SPT group (MX plus SPT 80–100 mg daily), and the MX+MN group (MX plus MN every 2 weeks, 12 sessions). The change from the baseline to week 24 was assessed in hair growth (hair density and diameter under dermoscope), scalp tissue structure (epidermal thickness, dermis thickness, and average hair follicle diameter under ultrasound biomicroscopy), physician's global assessment (using a 7-point global-assessment scale and Sinclair's stage change), patient evaluation (Women's Androgenetic Alopecia Quality of Life Questionnaire and Sinclair's hair-shedding score) and side effects. Results In total, 115 participants completed the trial. At week 24, the hair density increased most in MX + MN group and increased least in MX group (p < 0.001 for MX + MN group vs. MX + SPT group; p = 0.009 for MX + SPT group vs. MX group). The hair shaft diameter significantly increased in all groups (p < 0.001, respectively), but there were no significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.905). The epidermal thickness and average hair follicle diameter only increased in MX + MN group. Dermis thickness increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences among the three groups. Both physician's and patient assessments showed improvement in all three groups. Scalp pruritus was the most common side effect. The MX + SPT group had the most reported adverse effects. Limitations The main limitations of this study are the relatively small sample size, the exclusion of severe FPHL patients, and the potential bias from unblinded treatments among the 3 groups. Conclusion Topical MX combined with MN is a better choice than either MX plus oral SPT or MX alone for the treatment of mild-to-moderate FPHL patients.
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Youssef A, Al-Mahdy DA, Sayed RH, Choucry MA, El-Askary H. A Comprehensive Review of Natural Alternatives for Treatment of Alopecia with an Overview of Market Products. J Med Food 2022; 25:869-881. [PMID: 35796701 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia or hair loss is a widespread issue that has significant effects on personal well-being for both genders nationally and internationally. In addition, alopecia causes extreme emotional stress and negatively impacts the psychological health and self-esteem of cancer patients suffering from chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Unfortunately, available synthetic medications are costly, invasive, or have extreme adverse effects. On the contrary, natural and herbal hair loss products are widely available in the local and international markets in variable pharmaceutical forms with different mechanisms of action, namely, androgen antagonists, nutritional supplements, vasodilators, and 5α-reductase inhibitors or dihydrotestosterone blockers. Thus, it is of great importance to encourage researchers to investigate these natural alternatives that can act as potent therapeutic agents having diverse mechanisms of action as well as limited side effects. Currently, natural remedies are considered a fast-rising pharmaceutical segment with demand from a wide range of consumers. In this study, we present a review of reported herbal remedies and herb combinations recommended for hair loss and their mode of action, along with an overview of available market products and formulations, their composition, and declared effects. In addition, a general outline of the different forms of alopecia, its causes, and recommended treatments are mentioned as well. This was all done with the aim of assisting further studies with developing standardized natural formulations for alopecia as many were found to lack standardization of their bioactive ingredients and efficiency confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mouchira A Choucry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University (ECU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham El-Askary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wongrakpanich A, Leanpolchareanchai J, Morakul B, Parichatikanond W, Teeranachaideekul V. Phyllanthus emblica Extract-loaded Transfersomes for Hair Follicle Targeting: Phytoconstituents, Characterization, and Hair Growth Promotion. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1085-1096. [PMID: 35781257 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) has been used to promote hair growth for decades. In this study, dried PE fruit powder was extracted, tested for biological activities, and loaded into transfersomes for hair follicle targeting. Before lyophilization, PE fruit powder was extracted using 2 solvent systems, water and 30% ethanol. The PE 30% ethanolic extract had higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content than the PE aqueous extract. However, the cytotoxicity of the PE 30% ethanolic extract was higher than that of PE aqueous extract. As a result, the PE aqueous extract was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and found that the major component of the PE aqueous extract was gallic acid. Afterward, the PE aqueous extract was tested for its potential to activate the expression of genes involved in hair growth promotion in human keratinocytes. At a non-toxic concentration (10 µg/mL), this extract promoted various growth factors comparable to 1% minoxidil. PE-loaded transfersomes were prepared to deliver the PE aqueous extract to the hair follicle. The particle size and polydispersity index of PE-loaded transfersomes were 228 nm and 0.25, respectively. After 3 months of storage, the particle size at 4°C and 30°C was 218 nm and 241 nm, respectively, which was comparable to its initial size. However, at 40°C, the particle size dramatically increased (315 nm). The fluorescent agent, rhodamine B, was used to evaluate the potential of transfersomes to target hair follicles. Rhodamine B transfersomes had better penetration and accumulation in hair follicles than rhodamine B solution. To conclude, the PE aqueous extract, mainly composed of gallic acid, can activate hair growth gene expression. The extract can be loaded into hair follicles targeting transfersomes. Thus, PE-loaded transfersomes are a promising delivery system for hair follicle targeting to promote hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University.,Center of Biopharmaceutical Science of Healthy Ageing (BSHA), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University
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