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Silva NDS, Alencar CH, Heukelbach J. Human scabies and sarcoptic mange in northeast Brazil: Results from a rapid assessment method covering an entire state. Trop Doct 2024:494755241256407. [PMID: 38841779 DOI: 10.1177/00494755241256407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease and has been highlighted as a target for control. Sarcoptic mange affects animals, but mange is also considered a zoonosis. We present rapid assessment data on scabies and sarcoptic mange collected from key informants via a web-based questionnaire in Ceará State (1265 data entries). A total of 181/184 (98.3%) municipalities reported the occurrence of human scabies; 149 (80.9%) current occurrence; 168 (91.3%) severe cases; and 113 (61.4%) severe cases currently. Sarcoptic mange was reported from 149/184 (80.9%) municipalities, and severe mange from 128 (69.9%), most commonly in dogs (117 municipalities), cats (79), pigs (17), cattle (15), horses (15), and goats (2). Respondents from 171 (92.9%) municipalities observed seasonality of occurrence. Scabies and sarcoptic mange are important public health issues in a northeast Brazilian state. The wide distribution of severe cases requires an integrated One Health approach effectively and sustainably to reduce the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiel de Sousa Silva
- Postgraduate Course in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Alencar
- Postgraduate Course in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jorg Heukelbach
- Postgraduate Course in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Ayele A, Adane M, Adane B, Berihun G, Gebrehiwot M, Woretaw L, Berhanu L, Atanaw G, Feleke H, Moges M, Tegegne E, Azanaw J, Malede A. Living in a large family and low daily water consumption substantially expose for human scabies in rural Ethiopia: a matched analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:134. [PMID: 38017554 PMCID: PMC10685524 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies has been added to the neglected tropical diseases portfolio for large-scale disease control action since 2017 and is part of the WHO roadmap for NTDs 2021-2030, targeted at ending the neglect to achieve the sustainable development goals. Previous studies have not fitted matched analysis to identify predictors of scabies infestation in Ethiopia. Information is also scarce about predictors of scabies infestation in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictors of scabies infestation in rural Aneded District, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based matched case-control study involving 183 cases and 549 controls was undertaken from March 1 to May 31, 2021, in rural Aneded District. A two-stage sampling technique with a house-to-house census for the screening of scabies cases was employed. A structured questionnaire with questions on sociodemographics, behavior, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene, and delivery of scabies-specific interventions was used. Pretesting, training of data collectors and supervisors, and supervision were applied to keep the data quality. A multivariable conditional logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of scabies. RESULTS Unmarried individuals or those in separated families (adjusted matched odds ratio (AmOR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.30-5.65); those unable to read and write or in illiterate families (AmOR = 5.10; 95% CI 1.81-14.36); those in large families (AmOR = 6.67; 95% CI 2.83-15.73); households that had longer travel times for water collection (AmOR = 2.27; 95% CI 1.08-4.76); those that had low daily water consumption (AmOR = 6.69; 95% CI 2.91-15.37); households that disposed of solid wastes in open fields (AmOR = 5.60; 95% CI 2.53-12.40); and households that did not receive scabies-specific interventions (AmOR = 2.98; 95% CI 1.39-6.39) had increased odds of scabies. CONCLUSIONS Being unmarried, illiteracy, large family, long travel time for water collection, low daily water consumption, open dumping of solid wastes, and inaccessibility of scabies-specific interventions are predictors of scabies. This information is instrumental for redesigning improved scabies-specific interventions that consider educational status, marital status, family size, water collection time, daily water consumption, solid waste disposal, and equity and optimization in delivering existing interventions in rural Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agernesh Ayele
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Balew Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Gete Berihun
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lebasie Woretaw
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Leykun Berhanu
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Atanaw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemariam Feleke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Moges
- Department of Environmental Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Eniyew Tegegne
- Department of Environmental Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Malede
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Nie YL, Yi H, Xie XY, Fu GL, Zheng YQ. Dermoscopic features of children scabies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1097999. [PMID: 36895725 PMCID: PMC9988913 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1097999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a common skin disorder, caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. The scabies mites burrow is highly diagnostic but illegible by the naked eye, because it is tiny and may completely be obscured by scratch and crust. The classic technique is opening the end of an intact mite burrow with a sharp instrument and inspecting its contents in the light microscope under loupe vision. Dermatoscope is a new method to diagnose scabies, with the advantages of non-invasive and more sensitive. This study verified the characteristic manifestations of scabies under dermoscopy. Under the closer examination of the curvilinear scaly burrow, the scabies mite itself may be seen as a dark equilateral triangular structure, which is often referred to as a "jet with contrail." Besides, this study found that the positive detection rate of microscopic characteristic manifestations under the dermoscopy ordered by the external genitals, the finger seams and the trunk, which were statistically different (P-value < 0.05). Of note, this is the first study to explore the regional distribution of the characteristic dermoscopic manifestations of scabies. We are the first to propose to focus on examining the external genitalia and finger seams with dermoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Li Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Quan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chemical Communication of the Head Lice with the Human Host. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Lee LN, Chou WR, Wang JY, Kuo YL, Chang CY, Lee YC, Tung SH, Tsao WC, Chao KY, Liu WL. Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18670. [PMID: 36333461 PMCID: PMC9636242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at identifying characteristics, risk factors and mortality of community-acquired (CAP) and health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). We retrieved adults with S. aureus CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or pleural effusion culture in 2.6 years, and compared with those of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or respiratory culture, or urine antigen. We found 18 patients with CAP and 9 HCAP due to S. aureus (female 33%, 66.6 ± 12.4 years-old), and 48 patients with CAP and 15 HCAP due to S pneumoniae (female 41%, 69.5 ± 17.5 years). Diabetes mellitus (52% vs. 24%, p = 0.019), hemodialysis (11% vs. 0%, p = 0.046), skin lesions (44% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), cavitary nodules (37% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001) and pleural effusions (48% vs. 18%, p = 0.007) were more common in staphylococcal than pneumococcal group. Three patients with staphylococcal pneumonia had acute myocardial infarction. Pneumonia severity index (139 ± 52 vs. 109 ± 43, p = 0.005) and 30-day mortality (41% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.001) were higher in staphylococcal group. Multivariate analysis showed underlying disease (especially cancer and cirrhosis), risk class 4/5, altered mentality, shock and bilateral pneumonia were risk factors for 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Lee
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ru Chou
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Liang Kuo
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yueh Chang
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsien Tung
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Tsao
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Yun Chao
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Nolt D, Moore S, Yan AC, Melnick L. Head Lice. Pediatrics 2022; 150:189566. [PMID: 36156158 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among caregivers of school-aged children and adolescents. Since the 2015 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, new medications have been approved, and an algorithm for management of affected patients is included. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Nolt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Scot Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University Health, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Albert C Yan
- Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Melnick
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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7
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The Unmet Needs in Atopic Dermatitis Control in Latin America: A Multidisciplinary Expert Perspective. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:1521-1540. [PMID: 34449071 PMCID: PMC8395384 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adoption of control tools for atopic dermatitis (AD) in Latin America (LA) is currently very limited. Clinical assessment tools represent a practical method to measure the impact of treatment on disease activity and on the quality of life of patients. However, the use of these tools in the LA clinical practice setting is limited. Methods A selected panel of Latin American experts in fields related to atopic dermatitis were provided with a series of relevant questions to address prior to the multi-day conference. Within this conference, each narrative was discussed and edited by the entire group, through numerous drafts and rounds of discussion, until a consensus was achieved. Results The panel proposes specific and realistic recommendations for implementing control tools for AD care in LA. In creating these recommendations, the authors strove to address all barriers to the widespread use of these tools. Conclusion This article includes a narrative analysis of barriers to AD control in LA and provides necessary recommendations to integrate and increase the use of validated AD control assessment tools throughout the region.
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Ofori-Amoah J, Ofori Addai S, Ampratwum O, Rockson Adjei M, Asare G, Adu Mensah J, Obeng A, Natogmah Z, Thomas Sevugu J, Agyemang-Duah W, Kusi J, Gumah F, Ampem Amoako Y. Scabies outbreak investigation and treatment in the Sekyere East District, Ghana: A call to end the neglect. COGENT MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2021.1964185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gideon Asare
- Surveillance, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Aziz Obeng
- Health Promotion, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Job Kusi
- Health Information, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Gumah
- Health, World Vision Ghana, World Vision Sekyere Cluster, Ghana
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Kositz C, Bradley J, Hutchins H, Last A, D'Alessandro U, Marks M. Broadening the range of use cases for ivermectin - a review of the evidence. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 116:201-212. [PMID: 34323283 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent that interferes with glutamate-gated chloride channels found in invertebrates but not in vertebrate species. Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin-based regimes has been a mainstay of elimination efforts targeting onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis for more than 3 decades. More recently, interest in the use of ivermectin to control other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as soil-transmitted helminths and scabies has grown. Interest has been further stimulated by the fact that ivermectin displays endectocidal efficacy against various Anopheles species capable of transmitting malaria. Therefore there is growing interest in using ivermectin MDA as a tool that might aid in the control of both malaria and several NTDs. In this review we outline the evidence base to date on these emerging indications for ivermectin MDA with reference to clinical and public health data and discuss the rationale for evaluating the range of impacts of a malaria ivermectin MDA on other NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kositz
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - John Bradley
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Harry Hutchins
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Anna Last
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK.,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Capper Street, WC1E 6JB, London, UK
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Disease Control and Elimination, Medical Research Council Unit Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK.,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Capper Street, WC1E 6JB, London, UK
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Sanei-Dehkordi A, Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Zare M, Jaberhashemi SA. Risk factors associated with scabies infestation among primary schoolchildren in a low socio-economic area in southeast of Iran. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 34034686 PMCID: PMC8145826 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that burrows under the skin. It is a major health problem in tropical areas, largely affecting children. Scabies is common and highly contagious and in schoolchildren spreads quite rapidly, due to overcrowding and close contact within the schools. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with scabies infestation among primary schoolchildren in Bashagard County, one of the low socio-economic areas in southeast of Iran. Methods To conduct this community-based, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, four primary schools were randomly selected in the Bashagard County. All students in these schools were selected and examined for scabies. Clinical examination and sociodemographic profile of students were assessed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the factors associated with scabies infestation by SPSS version 21 software. Results Out of 480 studied schoolchildren, 15 cases of scabies with a prevalence of 3.1 % were observed. The frequency of infestation in males was 1.6 % and it was 4.7 % in females. Independent factors associated with a high risk of scabies infestation in unadjusted analysis were being student of grade 5–6 (cOR = 13.12, 95 % CI 2.92–58.89, p = 0.0001), low educational level of father (cOR = 4.37, 95 % CI 0.97–19.59, p = 0.036), low educational level of mother (cOR = 4.14, 95 % CI 1.92–18.57, p = 0.045), joblessness of father (cOR = 14.77, 95 % CI 4.97–43.89, p = 0.0001), employment of mother (cOR = 5.28, 95 % CI 1.38–20.16, p = 0.007), large family size (cOR = 3.34, 95 % CI 1.05–10.64, p = 0.031), use of shared articles (cOR = 33.37, 95 % CI 10.82–102.90, p = 0.0001), and absence of bathroom in the house (cOR = 11.77, 95 % CI 2.16–63.94, p = 0.0001). Conclusions Results of this study confirmed that scabies is still one of the most important health problems in the primary schools of the Bashagard County. Low socioeconomic status and personal hygiene of the schoolchildren were the most important factors influencing the prevalence of scabies. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions and implementation of appropriate educational programs and active surveillance system to quickly detect and treat scabies cases are necessary in order to reduce the prevalence of scabies in schoolchildren in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Abbas, Iran. .,Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 79145-3838, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Zare
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Campos Nogueira R, Nonato FR, Duchene Veauvy MC, Cavin AL, Al-Anbaki M, Graz B. Head Lice at School: Traditional Medicine and Community Engagement. Health Equity 2021; 5:310-315. [PMID: 34036214 PMCID: PMC8139259 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of head lice in poor rural communities and urban slums is estimated to be between 28% and 43% in Brazil, respectively. Children are among the most affected, often in clusters within schools. We launched a program intending to tackle the social stigma associated with head lice using scientific information and a local traditional remedy as a way to lower the prevalence of head lice in a low-resource community. Methods: A program involving the entire school community and the teachers addressed how to treat head lice and avoid new infestations. An affordable solution widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine was provided for the ones infested. Evaluation of the outcome was based on direct observation and was designed as a satisfaction survey. The study complied with the criteria for Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). Results: Two hundred and eighty participants, including parents and siblings of the school children, took part in the program. Among them, 24% (N=67) had head lice, with girls representing 85% of cases; 74.7% of participants infested with head lice were between 4 and 10 years old; 55.2% (N=37) of participants infested showed no signs of nits or adult lice after the program. Conclusions: This experience suggests that the use of playful activities associated with a well-known and accessible local product to treat head lice in low-income families gathered a high degree of community adherence and may be an important tool in overcoming health inequalities.
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Salami B, Fernandez-Sanchez H, Fouche C, Evans C, Sibeko L, Tulli M, Bulaong A, Kwankye SO, Ani-Amponsah M, Okeke-Ihejirika P, Gommaa H, Agbemenu K, Ndikom CM, Richter S. A Scoping Review of the Health of African Immigrant and Refugee Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073514. [PMID: 33800663 PMCID: PMC8038070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Migration is a growing phenomenon around the world, including within the African continent. Many migrants, especially African children, face challenges related to health and social inclusion and can face increased health risks. A systematic scoping review of available literature on the health of African migrant children across the globe was conducted to offer insight into these health risks. The review was conducted over a 15-month period from January 2019 to April 2020, yielding 6602 articles once duplicates were removed. This search included electronic databases, reference lists of articles reviewed, and searches of libraries of relevant organisations. A total of 187 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 159 were quantitative, 22 were qualitative, and 6 used mixed methods. The findings reveal decreased health in this population in areas of nutrition, infectious diseases, mental health, birth outcomes, sexual and reproductive health, physical and developmental health, parasitic infections, oral health, respiratory health, preventative health, endocrine disorders, health care services, and haematological conditions. The findings offer insights into factors influencing the health of African immigrant and refugee children. Further studies, especially qualitative studies, are needed to determine barriers to service access after migration and to investigate other underexplored and overlooked health concerns of African migrant children, including pneumonia and child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Higinio Fernandez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Christa Fouche
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 204 Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003-9282, USA;
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashley Bulaong
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephen Owusu Kwankye
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Accra GA184, Ghana;
| | - Mary Ani-Amponsah
- School of Nursing, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra GA184, Ghana;
| | | | - Hayat Gommaa
- Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Sokoto Road, PMB 06, Zaria 810107, Nigeria;
| | - Kafuli Agbemenu
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York (SUNY), University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | | | - Solina Richter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 0Z7, Canada; (H.F.-S.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
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13
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Huppertz HI, Iseke A, Heininger U, Grundhewer H, Knuf M, Korenke C, Müller A, von Both U. Evidenzbasierte Kontrolle der Pediculosis capitis und deren Sekundärprävention. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-00987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Urbanization, pollution and the modification of natural landscapes are characteristics of modern society, where the change in human relations with the environment and the impact on biodiversity are environmental determinants that affect the health-disease relationship. The skin is an organ that has a strong interface with the environment and, therefore, the prevalence patterns of dermatoses may reflect these environmental changes. In this article, aspects related to deforestation, fires, urbanization, large-scale agriculture, extensive livestock farming, pollution and climatic changes are discussed regarding their influence on the epidemiology of skin diseases. It is important that dermatologists be aware of their social responsibility in order to promote sustainable practices in their community, in addition to identifying the impacts of environmental imbalances on different dermatoses, which is essential for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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15
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Host-Parasite Interaction in Sarcoptes scabiei Infestation in Porcine Model with a Preliminary Note on Its Genetic Lineage from India. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122312. [PMID: 33297315 PMCID: PMC7762329 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Scabies or mange caused by Sarcoptess cabiei is the latest addition of WHO’s list oftropical neglected diseases. It causes severe itching to the host. It has a wide host range including humans, farm animals, companion animals, and wild animals. It is anemerging/re-emerging disease with high prevalence in underdeveloped and developing countries. The disease has zoonotic importance and is of significant public health concern as cross-transmission or species jumping is very common. To date, fifteen Sarcoptes varieties have been reported as per host origin. Differential diagnosis at variety level is very crucial for epidemiological study and scratching future eradication program of the disease. As morphotaxonomy fails to differentiate varieties, use of molecular markers is crucial. Moreover, it is very important to understand the host-parasite interaction at the systemic level for a better understanding on the pathogenicity of the disease. Here, we report the genetic characterization of S. scabiei from India and host-parasite interaction in a porcine model. Abstract The burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei causes scabies in humans or mange in animals. It infests a wide range of mammalian species including livestock, companion animals, wild animals, and humans. Differential diagnosis of Sarcoptes varieties is key for epidemiological studies and for formulation of an eradication program. Host-parasite interaction at the systemic level is very important to understand the pathogenicity of the mite. This communication deals with the preliminary report on the genetic characterization of S. scabiei from India. Moreover, the effect of S. scabiei infestation on host physiology with special emphasis on serum biochemical parameters, lipid profile, oxidant/antioxidant balance, stress parameters, and immune responses were evaluated in a porcine model. Cytochrome C oxidase 1 and voltage-sensitive sodium channel based phylogenetic study could distinguish human and animals isolates but could not distinguish host or geographical specific isolates belonging to animal origin. An absence of host-specific cluster among animal isolates argues against the hypothesis of delineating S. scabiei as per host origin. Elevated levels of markers of liver function such as albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH in infested animals indicated impaired liver function in infested animals. S. scabiei infestation induced atherogenic dyslipidemia indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and a decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Oxidative stress in infested animals was indicated by a high level of nitric oxide and serum MDA as oxidative stress markers and low antioxidant capacity. S. scabiei triggered stress response and elevated levels of serum cortisol and heat shock proteins were recorded in infested animals. S. scabiei infestation increased the serum concentration of immunoglobulins and was associated with up-regulation of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 indicating both Th1 and Th2 response. The results of the study will be helpful for a better understanding of host-parasite interaction at the systemic level in crusted scabies in pigs.
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16
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Assessment of the Quality of Life in Patients with Scabies in an Urban Tertiary Care Centre in North India. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/sjdv-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptesscabiei mite causing social stigma in patients owing to skin lesions over the exposed body-parts. The present study was aimed at assessing the quality of life in scabies patients. Material and Methods. This non-interventional and cross section study included a total of a hundred newly diagnosed scabies cases above 5 years of age. The patients were given the questionnaire on the life quality affected by their disease and a detailed analysis was done afterwards. Results. Out of a hundred patients, 52% were females. The age group 21-40 years was most affected: 25.7% of adult patients had moderate effect while 55.9% of children suffered no effect on their quality of life. Conclusion. Scabies moderately affected the quality of life of the patients in the present study in the form of feeling of embarrassment, stigmata and shame associated with disease.
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17
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Weber N, Trujillo-Trujillo J, Krücken J, Michl C, Hidalgo ME, Appráez-Ippolito G, Castillo F, Feldmeier H, Sunderkötter C. Tickbite-associated chronic pruritic lesions in an Afro-descendant population in the Cauca Department, Colombia. I. Clinical features and impact on health. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1491-1501. [PMID: 32975315 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During a health survey in a remote area in southwest Colombia, it became apparent that a high percentage of the population suffered from chronic pruritus in association with high numbers of ticks and tickbites. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical features and severity of tickbite-associated pruritus. METHOD At twotime points - 8 weeks apart to account for seasonal effects - a cross-sectional study was conducted encompassing physical examination of the population, histological analysis of skin biopsies, and determining serum for antibodies against spotted fever (SFG) rickettsiae and typhus group (TG) rickettsiae. Ticks were identified using morphological criteria, and infection by rickettsiae was determined by PCR. RESULTS About 94.5% of the population (95% CI 92-97%) showed clinical signs of a pruritic arthropod reaction and of chronic pruritus with lichenoid papules and hyper- and hypopigmented nodules on otherwise noninflamed skin. Pruritus markedly impaired the quality of life in terms of sleeping disturbances. No signs for other diseases were observed. Chronic pruritus appeared to be because of repeated tickbites and scratching, but not because of other dermatological or medical conditions. Antibodies against SFG and TG-rickettsiae were detected at 79.0% (95% CI 73-86) and 3.6% (95% CI 0.7-6), respectively. Ticks were identified as Amblyomma cajennense. CONCLUSION Remarkably high exposure to tick bites caused an unusually high rate of acute and chronic pruritus and markedly impaired quality of life of the investigated rural community. This underlines the necessity of public health measures and surveillance of rickettsial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Weber
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Michl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Maryln E Hidalgo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Hermann Feldmeier
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charite-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany.,Department of Translational Dermatoinfectiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Cox V, Fuller LC, Engelman D, Steer A, Hay RJ. Estimating the global burden of scabies: what else do we need? Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:237-242. [PMID: 32358799 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scabies is one of the most common disorders identified in any estimate of global skin disease prevalence. Furthermore, quantifying its impact on individuals and societies has been problematic. There has been a lack of clear case definitions and laboratory tests. There have been few epidemiological studies, particularly those focusing on low-income countries, variation in prevalence within high-income countries, or estimates of the effect of scabies on health beyond the skin, such as renal disease or mental wellbeing. Economic studies are also lacking. However, the new strategy of integrating surveillance for skin Neglected Tropical Diseases may well produce advancements on these issues, in addition to providing an overarching structure for health improvement and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cox
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - L C Fuller
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK.,Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Engelman
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Children's Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Steer
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Children's Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R J Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
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Dagne H, Biya AA, Tirfie A, Yallew WW, Dagnew B. Prevalence of pediculosis capitis and associated factors among schoolchildren in Woreta town, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:465. [PMID: 31362792 PMCID: PMC6668114 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the associated risk factors and prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school-aged children in Woreta town, northwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 402 schoolchildren in Woreta town public schools from grades 1 to 4 students conducted from April to June 2018. After selection by simple random sampling, face to face interview and observations were performed using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into EPI Info 7 and exported to SPSS 21 for further analysis. Descriptive results were presented by simple frequency, percentage, and mean. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. Those variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were declared as significantly associated with pediculosis capitis infestation. Result The prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 65.7% [95% CI 60.01–70.3%]. Sex of child, age of the child, maternal education, sharing hair comb, knowledge, and attitude towards pediculosis capitis infestation and hygiene practice were significantly associated with pediculosis (a p-value ≤ 0.05). Pediculosis infestation is found to be a major public health problem which demands special attention of the community and the government at large particularly the health sector to reduce the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar (UoG), P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Awel Aba Biya
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar (UoG), P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Tirfie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar (UoG), P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Walelegn Worku Yallew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar (UoG), P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, UoG, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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20
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Kaburi BB, Ameme DK, Adu-Asumah G, Dadzie D, Tender EK, Addeh SV, Aryee T, Addo-Lartey A, Sackey SO, Wurapa F, Afari EA, Kenu E. Outbreak of scabies among preschool children, Accra, Ghana, 2017. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:746. [PMID: 31196056 PMCID: PMC6567626 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scabies occurs worldwide with a prevalence between 0.3 and 46.0%. In Ghana, even though a 5.1% proportion of scabies was reported in a retrospective review of skin diseases at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, the nationwide prevalence of scabies is unknown. Overall, its burden is higher in tropical regions. Scabies outbreaks mostly occur among children, the elderly in nursing homes, and prison inmates. Even though primary scabies hardly results in mortalities, the pain, itch, and systemic complications from secondary bacterial infections account for about 1.5 million years lived with disabilities. We investigated a scabies outbreak among school children in Ghana to determine its magnitude, stop the outbreak, and institute preventive measures to minimize risks of future outbreaks. Methods The investigation was conducted between March 14 and May 17, 2017 among pupils of Presbyterian Secondary Staff Basic School in Accra. We defined a case as a school child who on clinical examination, had an intensely pruritic rash on at least one typical predilection site with or without a burrow, or positive skin scrapings on microscopy. We screened and line listed cases, performed laboratory investigations on skin scrapings and wound swaps, and conducted an environmental assessment. We performed descriptive statistics on data, and calculated attack rate ratios (ARR) at 95% confidence level. Results Of 823 preschool children screened, 92 were cases. Median age of cases was 4 years (range 2–7 years) and their modal age was 3 years. The overall attack rate was 11.2% (92/823). The sex specific attack rate was 11.5% for males, and 10.8% for females (ARR: 0.93; CI: 0.67–1.28). Compared with the least affected class (crèche), the nursery one class was worst affected (ARR: 5.14; CI: 3.44–7.50). On microscopy, all skin scrapings were negative for scabies. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. were isolated from secondarily infected scabies lesions. Conclusions A scabies outbreak with a propagated source occurred among preschool children. The 3-year-old pupils were most affected. It was controlled by mass treatment with benzyl benzoate and health education. Classrooms and sleeping mats were disinfected. We recommended the decongestion of classrooms and discouraged sharing of sleeping mats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7085-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Benduri Kaburi
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Donne Kofi Ameme
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - George Adu-Asumah
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Dora Dadzie
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kwame Tender
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Smith Vincent Addeh
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Theophilus Aryee
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Adolphina Addo-Lartey
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Oko Sackey
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Fredrick Wurapa
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Edwin Andrew Afari
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. .,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
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21
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Ong CY, Vasanwala FF. Infected with Scabies Again? Focus in Management in Long-Term Care Facilities. Diseases 2018; 7:diseases7010003. [PMID: 30597979 PMCID: PMC6473425 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a significant public health condition in long-term care facilities, plaguing even developed countries. Although treatments are available, eradication and control of scabies cases still remain a challenge due to delays in diagnosis and difficulties in maintaining preventive and surveillance measures. Prompt treatment of patients and their contacts that are affected, along with concomitant education of health staff and family members, are paramount. Environmental disinfestation is also a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yau Ong
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore 544886, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore 544886, Singapore.
| | - Farhad Fakhrudin Vasanwala
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore 544886, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore 544886, Singapore.
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22
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Chandler D, Fuller L. A Review of Scabies: An Infestation More than Skin Deep. Dermatology 2018; 235:79-90. [DOI: 10.1159/000495290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human scabies, a common infestation, has a worldwide distribution with a variable impact and presentation depending on the clinical situation. In developed, high-income settings, health institution and residential home outbreaks challenge health and social care services. In resource-poor settings, it is the downstream sequelae of staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteraemia, induced by scratching, which have a significant impact on the long-term health of communities. Over the past decade scabies has been recognised as a “neglected tropical disease” (NTD) by the World Health Organisation, has an accepted practical system of global diagnostic criteria and is being adopted into integrated programmes of mass drug administration for NTDs in field settings. This review seeks to summarise the recent advances in the understanding of scabies and highlight the advocacy and research headlines with their implication for diagnosis and management of outbreaks and individuals. In addition, it will indicate the priorities and questions that remain.
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Jamani S, Rodríguez C, Rueda MM, Matamoros G, Canales M, Bearman G, Stevens M, Sanchez A. Head lice infestations in rural Honduras: the need for an integrated approach to control neglected tropical diseases. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:548-556. [PMID: 30549003 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediculosis capitis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that receives little attention in countries where it continues to be endemic. This study aimed to understand the impact of Pediculus humanus capitis infestations in the lives of Honduran children living in extreme poverty. METHODS A qualitative study on head lice infestation was conducted in June 2016 in a rural community in Honduras. Parents were invited to bring their children for head lice inspection using a dry-combing technique with a stainless steel-toothed comb with suction power. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to participants. Questions were broadly grouped into knowledge about transmission, control practices, barriers to treatment, and the overall impact of these infestations in children's wellbeing. Responses were coded, categorized, and organized through a theme-based approach. RESULTS In total, 52 children aged 2-14 years (42 girls) and their mothers were enrolled in the study. The overall proportion of children with an infestation was 83%. Response analysis revealed a lack of understanding regarding lice transmission and stigmatization of infested children and the widespread belief that head lice were acquired during bathing in the slow-flowing river running through the village. An agricultural plaguicide was commonly used to rid children of head lice. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the dire situation of the rural poor, their physical and mental health affected by pediculosis capitis as well as other NTDs. These results highlight the need to reassess approaches and action towards combating NTDS under an integrated framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Jamani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Rodríguez
- School of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras.,Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - María M Rueda
- School of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras.,Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gabriela Matamoros
- Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Maritza Canales
- School of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras.,Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gonzalo Bearman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ana Sanchez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Miller H, Trujillo-Trujillo J, Feldmeier H. In Situ Diagnosis of Scabies Using a Handheld Digital Microscope in Resource-Poor Settings-A Proof-of-Principle Study in the Amazon Lowland of Colombia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:E116. [PMID: 30400187 PMCID: PMC6306717 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease associated with important morbidity. The disease occurs worldwide and is particularly common in resource-poor communities in the Global South. A validated technique for the diagnosis of scabies in resource-poor settings does not exist. The objective of the study was to determine the practicability and accuracy of handheld digital microscopy in three indigenous communities in the Amazon lowland of Colombia, where scabies is the most common parasitic skin disease. One-hundred-and-eleven children and adults from three indigenous communities with a presumptive diagnosis of scabies were examined clinically by using a handheld digital microscope placed directly on the skin. The microscopical identification of a mite was verified by an "experienced mother", a woman who had acquired the skills to diagnose scabies as part of traditional Amerindian medicine. The "experienced mother" removed the parasite with a fine needle and placed it on a flat surface in order to enable its direct examination with the digital microscope. Using digital microscopy, scabies was diagnosed in 24 out of 111 participants and confirmed by the extraction of a Sarcoptes mites from the acarine eminence. A characteristic tunnel (burrow) with or without mite could be clearly identified irrespective of the degree of pigmentation of the skin. Besides, digital microscopy revealed pathological characteristics of scabies hitherto unknown and impossible to be seen in dermoscopy, such as partially or totally obliterated tunnels, tunnels with multiple entry or exit points, circumscribed hyperpigmentation around obliterated tunnels and mites secluded in a nodule. This proof-of-principle study demonstrated the accurate diagnosis of scabies by handheld digital microscopy in patients with pigmented skin and the feasibility of this technique in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollman Miller
- Public Health Service, Vaupes Department, Mitú 97001, Colombia.
| | - Julian Trujillo-Trujillo
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá 110311, Colombia.
| | - Hermann Feldmeier
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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Jahani eftekhari M, Peyman N. Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Protection Motivation Theory on Promoting Pediculosis Preventive Behaviors among Elementary School Girls in Neyshabur. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/jech.5.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Scabies in Resource-Poor Communities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Factors Associated with Infestation. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3020059. [PMID: 30274455 PMCID: PMC6073861 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology and clinical features of scabies remain largely unknown in Nigeria’s rural communities. To fill this gap, we performed a cross-sectional study in three rural communities in north central Nigeria. A total of 500 individuals were included and examined for scabies infestation; a questionnaire was applied to collect socio-demographic and behavioral data. Scabies was diagnosed in 325 (65.0%) participants. Excoriations (68.6%), vesicles (61.8%), and papules (58.8%) were common skin lesions. Itching was the most common symptom (77.5%); 64% complained of sleep disturbances. Lymphadenopathy was identified in 48.3%. Lesions were most commonly encountered on the abdomen (35.5%), inguinal area (19.1%), and interdigital spaces (14.2%). Poverty-related variables, such as illiteracy (OR: 7.15; 95% CI: 3.71–13.95), low household income (7.25; 1.19–88.59), absence of a solid floor inside house (12.17; 2.83–52.34), and overcrowding (1.98; 1.08–2.81) were significantly associated with infestation. Individual behavior, such as sharing of beds/pillows (2.11; 1.42–3.14) and sharing of clothes (2.51; 1.57–3.99), was also highly significantly associated with scabies. Regular bathing habits (0.37; 0.24–0.56) and regular use of bathing soap (0.36; 0.21–0.53) were protective factors. Scabies is extremely common in the communities under study and is associated with considerable morbidity. The disease is intrinsically linked with extreme poverty.
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Abstract
Over the last year there has been major publications related to therapeutic trials in infectious dermatology, not only with regard to Herpes zoster subunit vaccine but also for the treatment of uncomplicated abscesses or scabies. In addition, biological treatments continue to be on the forefront, not only in the treatment of psoriasis but also in other chronic inflammatory dermatologic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa, two diseases that significantly impact quality of life and for which there are to date, few therapeutic alternatives in moderate to severe forms. In addition, the treatment of cyclin-resistant papulopustular rosacea was also the subject of a large French controlled randomized controlled trial that could modify our therapeutic approach by the use of isotretinoin. Finally, the prevention of rashes induced by erlotinib with oral doxycyline is also part of this 2016 "what's new in dermatological therapeutics".
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ezzedine
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor et EpiDermE, EA 7379, université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, 94010, Créteil, France.
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Identification of a novel PYP-1 gene in Sarcoptes scabiei and its potential as a serodiagnostic candidate by indirect-ELISA. Parasitology 2017; 145:752-761. [PMID: 29113603 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Scabies is a parasitic disease caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting different mammalian species, including rabbits, worldwide. In the present study, we cloned and expressed a novel inorganic pyrophosphatase, Ssc-PYP-1, from S. scabiei var. cuniculi. Immunofluorescence staining showed that native Ssc-PYP-1 was localized in the tegument around the mouthparts and the entire legs, as well as in the cuticle of the mites. Interestingly, obvious staining was also observed on the fecal pellets of mites and in the integument of the mites. Based on its good immunoreactivity, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant Ssc-PYP-1 (rSsc-PYP-1) as the capture antigen was developed to diagnose sarcoptic mange in naturally infected rabbits; the assay had a sensitivity of 92·0% and specificity of 93·6%. Finally, using the rSsc-PYP-1-ELISA, the Ssc-PYP-1 antibody from 10 experimentally infected rabbits could be detected from 1 week post-infection. This is the first report of S. scabiei inorganic pyrophosphatase and the protein could serve as a potential serodiagnostic candidate for sarcoptic mange in rabbits.
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Romani L, Whitfeld MJ, Koroivueta J, Kama M, Wand H, Tikoduadua L, Tuicakau M, Koroi A, Ritova R, Andrews R, Kaldor JM, Steer AC. The Epidemiology of Scabies and Impetigo in Relation to Demographic and Residential Characteristics: Baseline Findings from the Skin Health Intervention Fiji Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:845-850. [PMID: 28722612 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies and associated impetigo are under-recognized causes of morbidity in many developing countries. To strengthen the evidence base for scabies control we undertook a trial of mass treatment for scabies. We report on the occurrence and predictors of scabies and impetigo in participants at baseline. Participants were recruited in six island communities and were examined for the presence of scabies and impetigo. In addition to descriptive analyses, logistic regression models were fit to assess the association between demographic variables and outcome of interest. The study enrolled 2051 participants. Scabies prevalence was 36.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.3-38.5), highest in children 5-9 years (55.7%). Impetigo prevalence was 23.4% (95% CI 21.5-25.2) highest in children aged 10-14 (39.0%). People with scabies were 2.8× more likely to have impetigo. The population attributable risk of scabies as a cause of impetigo was 36.3% and 71.0% in children aged less than five years. Households with four or more people sharing the same room were more likely to have scabies and impetigo (odds ratios [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2 and OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-3.2 respectively) compared to households with rooms occupied by a single individual. This study confirms the high burden of scabies and impetigo in Fiji and the association between these two conditions, particularly in young children. Overcrowding, young age, and clinical distribution of lesion are important risk factors for scabies and impetigo. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the decline of endemic scabies would translate into a definite reduction of the burden of associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Romani
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margot J Whitfeld
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Handan Wand
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ross Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - John M Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Orientation of Head Lice on Human Hosts, and Consequences for Transmission of Pediculosis: The Head Lice Movement Studies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2017; 2:tropicalmed2020011. [PMID: 30270870 PMCID: PMC6082075 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed2020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed head lice movement studies to elucidate factors influencing orientation and movement of head lice. Studies included observation of lice movements on hand and forearm at different positions of the upper limb; movements exposed to unshaved and shaved forearm; and movements with and without antennae. In 57 of 60 (95.0%) observations while holding the hand down, lice moved proximal, and 3 (5%) distal. While holding the hand up, 37/60 (61.7%) moved proximal, and 23 (38.3%) distal (p < 0.0001). On the unshaved limb, 29/30 (96.7%) moved proximal, with clockwise movements in 26/30 (86.7%). After shaving, 9/30 (30%) walked proximal and 18 (60%) distal, with 12/30 (40%) clockwise movements. After antennectomy, while holding the hand up, 16/25 (64%) lice did not move, 1 (4%) walked proximal, and 8 (32%) distal. While handing the hand down, 17/25 (68%) did not move, 5 (20%) walked proximal, and 3 (12%) distal. Transmission of head lice may not only occur by head-to-head contact, but also via head-to-body contact, with movement to the head against gravitational pull. Surface factors of hand and forearm may be important in orientation for lice, in addition to gravity. Movement of lice against gravity is not governed by organs in the antennae.
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Liu JM, Wang HW, Chang FW, Liu YP, Chiu FH, Lin YC, Cheng KC, Hsu RJ. The effects of climate factors on scabies. A 14-year population-based study in Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:54. [PMID: 27905271 PMCID: PMC5134670 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Scabies is a common infectious disease and can cause severe outbreaks if not controlled quickly. Besides personal contact history, environmental factors are also important. This study analyzed the effects of environmental climate factors on the incidence of scabies in Taiwan. We conducted a 14-year nationwide population-based study: a total of 14,883 patients with scabies infestation were enrolled. Monthly climate data were collected from Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau, including data on temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, total rain days, and total sunshine hours. The linear relationships between these climate factors and scabies infestations or other risk factors were examined by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Overall, the incidence of scabies was negatively correlated with temperature (γ = −0.152, p < 0.001), while being positively correlated with humidity (γ = 0.192, p < 0.001). This useful information may provide evidence for lowering humidity at nursing facilities, hospitals, and military camps with scabies infestations, which may help to reduce its spread and prevent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 330 Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Tapei, Taiwan - Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 235 Tapei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Wei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 114 Tapei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100 Tapei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 235 Tapei, Taiwan - Superintendent Office, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo City, 315000 Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, 265 Luodong, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, 106 Tapei, Taiwan - Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 106 Tapei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 114 Tapei, Taiwan - Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 114 Tapei, Taiwan - Biobank Management Center of the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 114 Tapei, Taiwan
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Nair PA, Vora RV, Jivani NB, Gandhi SS. A Study of Clinical Profile and Quality of Life in Patients with Scabies at a Rural Tertiary Care Centre. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:WC01-WC05. [PMID: 27891435 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20938.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scabies is a contagious disease primarily related to poverty and overcrowding, it rapidly spreads from person to person specially in people with poor hygiene. We come across many patients from rural areas with scabies. In India the incidence ranges from 13% to 59% in rural and urban areas. Many people complain of sleep disturbances and affection of work and leisure activities due to itching. Very few studies are done in India about the affection of quality of life in such patients. AIM To study the demographic details, clinical profile and quality of life in patients with scabies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Dermatology and Venereology, rural based tertiary care centre, Gujarat for a period of 6 months from March to August 2015, after ethical approval from the institute. Study included all patients with clinical features suggestive of scabies. The data including age, sex, occupation, education, socioeconomic status, complaints, past history, family history and clinical features along with the questionnaire for affection of quality of life were recorded in predesigned proforma and detailed analysis was done. Total of 102 newly diagnosed scabies patients attending skin OPD were included in the study. RESULTS Out of 102 patients, 50.98% were males. The most common age group affected was 21-40 years, in 44.11% patients. Students were commonly affected with 41.17% followed by housewives with 20.58% cases. Most common lesion seen was papules in 84.3% followed by excoriations in 82.3% cases. Maximum 51.6% adults had small effect on quality of life while 62.5% children reported minimal effect on quality of life. CONCLUSION Scabies is an important and commonly encountered health problem which is highly contagious and if not attended timely and adequately can affect the quality of life in the form of work affection, sleep disturbances and psychosocial problems in patients as well as its family members. This could be easily prevented if the patients of scabies are recognised and treated early and proper awareness is must to avoid recurrences. The profile of scabies patients helps in early recognition of scabies even at the peripheral centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Ashok Nair
- Professor, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rita Vipul Vora
- Professor and Head, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi B Jivani
- Resident, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailee S Gandhi
- Resident, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
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Ōmura S. Ein vortreffliches Geschenk der Erde: Ursprünge und Auswirkungen der Avermectine (Nobel-Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato University; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Minato-ku, 9-1, Shirokane 5-chome Tokyo 108-8642 Japan
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Ōmura S. A Splendid Gift from the Earth: The Origins and Impact of the Avermectins (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10190-209. [PMID: 27435664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Japanese soil was the origin of one of the most important drugs of the world: ivermectin. No other drug has such importance for the health of millions of people, particularly in the poor regions of the world. The discovery of the parent compounds of the avermectines is described first hand by S. Ōmura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Minato-ku, 9-1, Shirokane 5-chome, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan.
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Tagka A, Lambrou GI, Braoudaki M, Panagiotopoulos T, Papanikolaou E, Laggas D. Socioeconomical Factors Associated With Pediculosis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Athens, Greece. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:919-922. [PMID: 27134208 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pediculosis in humans and especially in children is a very common dermatological disorder caused by the ectoparasite Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer. We investigated the socioeconomic factors affecting the prevalence of pediculosis in the Greek urban area of Athens during 2004-2006. The target population consisted of children from kindergartens. In total, 434 children from single- or two-parent families were investigated with respect to socioeconomic factors such as education, income and family composition, and the prevalence of pediculosis. The overall pediculosis rate was 5.30%. Head louse infestations were significantly higher in female children and in two-parent families. Lice infestations peaked in low- and medium-income families. Head louse infestation rates were influenced by income, parents' education, and nationality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tagka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Athens Medical School, Andreas Syggros Hospital, Athens, Greece ,
| | - George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Choremeio Research Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi 11527, Greece (; ),
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Choremeio Research Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi 11527, Greece (; )
| | - Takis Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Child Health, National School of Public Health, 196 Alexandras Av., 11521 Athens, Greece (; )
| | - Eleni Papanikolaou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Athens Medical School, "Eugenideion" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Laggas
- Department of Child Health, National School of Public Health, 196 Alexandras Av., 11521 Athens, Greece (; )
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Caraballo L, Zakzuk J, Lee BW, Acevedo N, Soh JY, Sánchez-Borges M, Hossny E, García E, Rosario N, Ansotegui I, Puerta L, Sánchez J, Cardona V. Particularities of allergy in the Tropics. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27386040 PMCID: PMC4924335 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are distributed worldwide and their risk factors and triggers vary according to geographical and socioeconomic conditions. Allergies are frequent in the Tropics but aspects of their prevalence, natural history, risk factors, sensitizers and triggers are not well defined and some are expected to be different from those in temperate zone countries. The aim of this review is to investigate if allergic diseases in the Tropics have particularities that deserve special attention for research and clinical practice. Such information will help to form a better understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of allergic diseases in the Tropics. As expected, we found particularities in the Tropics that merit further study because they strongly affect the natural history of common allergic diseases; most of them related to climate conditions that favor permanent exposure to mite allergens, helminth infections and stinging insects. In addition, we detected several unmet needs in important areas which should be investigated and solved by collaborative efforts led by the emergent research groups on allergy from tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Caraballo
- />Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cra. 5 # 7-77, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- />Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cra. 5 # 7-77, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- />Khoo Teck Puat- National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- />Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nathalie Acevedo
- />Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Translational Immunology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Yi Soh
- />Khoo Teck Puat- National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- />Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Sánchez-Borges
- />Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico- Docente La Trinidad and Clínica El Avila, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elham Hossny
- />Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth García
- />Allergy Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nelson Rosario
- />Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Ansotegui
- />Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirón Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leonardo Puerta
- />Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cra. 5 # 7-77, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- />Department of Pediatrics, Graduate Program on Allergology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Victoria Cardona
- />Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Soler B, Castellares C, Viver S, Díaz L, Gómez R, Ruíz E. [Randomised clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new pediculicide made with saponified olive oil in the eradication of Pediculus humanus capitis]. Semergen 2016; 43:91-99. [PMID: 27255407 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new pediculicide in the eradication of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomised clinical trial was designed, in which children aged between 5 and 15 years diagnosed with pediculosis were selected. Treatment was administered on days 1 and 7 after selection, and they were evaluated in 4 visits (day 2, 7, 9, and 14). The product under evaluation with saponified olive oil was Inex Pediculicide Soap®, which was compared with Paranix®, with a similar mechanism of action. The primary efficacy endpoint was the eradication of the parasite by day 14 (louse-free rate), using an intention to treat analysis. RESULTS Six paediatricians from 5 Primary Health Care centres in the Community of Madrid (Spain) and one private clinic participated in the study. A total of 45 children were included, of which 75.6% were girls (n=34). The mean age was 7.1 years (95% CI 6.3-7.9). The large majority (80%) were middle class, and 82.2% had a history of previous pediculosis. The efficacy at 14 days was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8-91.8) in the group treated with Inex Pediculicide Soap® group, and 79.2% (95% CI 57.9-92.9) in Paranix® group (NNT=33.3). No adverse effects were observed with treatment. CONCLUSIONS The 2 products were effective and safe in the eradication therapy Pediculus humanus capitis, with no statistical differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Soler
- Departamento Médico, E-C-BIO, S. L., Madrid, España.
| | - C Castellares
- Centro de Salud Santa Mónica, Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Madrid, España
| | - S Viver
- Centro de Salud Valle de la Oliva, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - L Díaz
- Clínica CEMECO, Torrelodones, Madrid, España
| | - R Gómez
- Centro de Salud Santa Mónica, Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Madrid, España
| | - E Ruíz
- Centro de Salud María Jesús Hereza Cuéllar, Leganés, Madrid, España
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Eroglu F, Basaran Ü, Kürklü CG, Yüceer M, Yalcıntürk RG, Tanrıverdi M, Daglı EI, Koltas IS. Pediculosis capitis is a growing neglected infestation due to migration in southeast Turkey. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2397-401. [PMID: 27038249 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Demographic, socio-economical, and environmental changes affecting prevalence of Pediculosis capitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of P. capitis and external factors affecting the distribution of P. capitis. A total of 6004 primary-school students between 5 and 11 years were screened for P. capitis at 28 different primary-schools in Gaziantep, located in southeastern of Turkey, during different two education terms (First education term is in September 2013 to May 2014, second education term is in September 2014 and May 2015). The prevalence of P. capitis was found to be positive 1.5 % (90/6004) and 6.9 % (415/6004) in first education term and in second education term, respectively. In this study shown that the rate of P. capitis's prevalence was increased 5.4 % in Gaziantep. P. capitis is a neglected infestation and it has re-emerged in Gaziantep, located in the southeastern of Turkey. Health staff member must improve health education programs in primary-school students especially girl students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Eroglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Emine-Bahaeddin Nakıboglu Medicine, University of Zirve, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Basaran
- School of Emine-Bahaeddin Nakıboglu Medicine, University of Zirve, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cennet Gizem Kürklü
- School of Emine-Bahaeddin Nakıboglu Medicine, University of Zirve, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mervenur Yüceer
- School of Emine-Bahaeddin Nakıboglu Medicine, University of Zirve, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Rabia Gül Yalcıntürk
- School of Emine-Bahaeddin Nakıboglu Medicine, University of Zirve, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ismail Soner Koltas
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Nunes SCB, Moroni RB, Mendes J, Justiniano SCB, Moroni FT. HEAD LICE IN HAIR SAMPLES FROM YOUTHS, ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY IN MANAUS, AMAZONAS STATE, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016. [PMID: 26200965 PMCID: PMC4544249 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of head lice infestations among young people, adults and elderly individuals
was conducted from August 2010 to July 2013 in Manaus, AM, Northern Brazil. Hair
samples collected from 1,860 individuals in 18 barber shops and beauty parlors were
examined for the ectoparasite. The occurrence of pediculosis and its association with
factors, such as sex, age, ethnicity, hair characteristics and the socioeconomic
profile of salon customers, salon location and seasonal variation were determined.
The overall occurrence rate was 2.84%. Occurrence was higher in hair samples from
non-blacks and the elderly. Higher occurrence was also observed during kindergarten,
elementary and junior education school holidays. The results indicate that the
occurrence of head lice among young people, adults and the elderly in Manaus is
relatively low compared to that determined in children and in other regions of the
country. After children, the elderly were the most affected. The study also indicated
the need to adopt additional procedures to improve surveys among the population with
low or no purchasing power, which is usually the most affected by this ectoparasitic
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Júlio Mendes
- ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Romani L, Whitfeld MJ, Koroivueta J, Kama M, Wand H, Tikoduadua L, Tuicakau M, Koroi A, Andrews R, Kaldor JM, Steer AC. Mass Drug Administration for Scabies Control in a Population with Endemic Disease. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2305-13. [PMID: 26650152 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1500987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is an underrecognized cause of illness in many developing countries. It is associated with impetigo, which can lead to serious systemic complications. We conducted a trial of mass drug administration for scabies control in Fiji. METHODS We randomly assigned three island communities to one of three different interventions for scabies control: standard care involving the administration of permethrin to affected persons and their contacts (standard-care group), mass administration of permethrin (permethrin group), or mass administration of ivermectin (ivermectin group). The primary outcome was the change in the prevalence of scabies and of impetigo from baseline to 12 months. RESULTS A total of 2051 participants were enrolled; 803 were in the standard-care group, 532 in the permethrin group, and 716 in the ivermectin group. From baseline to 12 months, the prevalence of scabies declined significantly in all groups, with the greatest reduction seen in the ivermectin group. The prevalence declined from 36.6% to 18.8% in the standard-care group (relative reduction in prevalence, 49%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 37 to 60), from 41.7% to 15.8% in the permethrin group (relative reduction, 62%; 95% CI, 49 to 75), and from 32.1% to 1.9% in the ivermectin group (relative reduction, 94%; 95% CI, 83 to 100). The prevalence of impetigo also declined in all groups, with the greatest reduction seen in the ivermectin group. The prevalence declined from 21.4% to 14.6% in the standard-care group (relative reduction, 32%; 95% CI, 14 to 50), from 24.6% to 11.4% in the permethrin group (relative reduction, 54%; 95% CI, 35 to 73), and from 24.6% to 8.0% in the ivermectin group (relative reduction, 67%; 95% CI, 52 to 83). Adverse events were mild and were reported more frequently in the ivermectin group than in the permethrin group (15.6% vs. 6.8%). CONCLUSIONS Mass drug administration, particularly the administration of ivermectin, was efficacious for the control of scabies and impetigo. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12613000474752.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Romani
- From Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (L.R., H.W., J.M.K.), and the Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital (M.J.W.), Sydney, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT (R.A.), and the Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne (A.C.S.), Group A Streptococcal Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (A.C.S.), and Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital (A.C.S.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; and the Ministry of Women, Children, and Poverty Alleviation (J.K.) and the Ministry of Health (M.K., L.T., M.T., A.K.) - both in Suva, Fiji
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Angelone-Alasaad S, Molinar Min A, Pasquetti M, Alagaili AN, D'Amelio S, Berrilli F, Obanda V, Gebely MA, Soriguer RC, Rossi L. Universal conventional and real-time PCR diagnosis tools for Sarcoptes scabiei. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:587. [PMID: 26568063 PMCID: PMC4644327 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mite Sarcoptes scabiei has a known host-range of over 100 mammal species including humans. One of the prime objectives of the Sarcoptes-World Molecular Network (WMN) is to design and develop universal Sarcoptes PCR-based diagnosis methods. METHODS We describe here for the first time two universal mitochondrial-based diagnosis methods: (i) conventional end-point PCR and (ii) TaqMan real-time PCR. The design of both of these universal diagnosis methods was based on Sarcoptes samples collected from 23 host species in 14 countries. RESULTS These methods, based on skin scrapings, were successfully used to etiologically confirm the diagnosis of different clinical degrees of sarcoptic mange in 48 animals belonging to six species. These universal PCR-based diagnosis methods are highly specific, technically sensitive and simple, and are based on the amplification of 135 bp from the Mitochondrial 16S rDNA. The method based on TaqMan real-time qPCR was more sensitive than the conventional end-point PCR. CONCLUSIONS Two universal PCR-based diagnosis methods for S. scabiei were successfully designed and applied; one based on conventional end-point PCR and the other on TaqMan real-time PCR. We recommend further testing and the application of these new universal methods worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Angelone-Alasaad
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy. .,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - AnnaRita Molinar Min
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Mario Pasquetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Abdulaziz N Alagaili
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stefano D'Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Berrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Department of Veterinary Services, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Mohamed A Gebely
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Luca Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
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Abstract
Background Scabies afflicts millions of people worldwide, but it is very difficult to diagnose by the usual skin scrape test, and a presumptive diagnosis is often made based on clinical signs such as rash and intense itch. A sensitive and specific blood test to detect scabies would allow a physician to quickly make a correct diagnosis. Objective Our objective was to profile the mite-specific antibodies present in the sera of patients with ordinary scabies. Methods Sera of 91 patients were screened for Ig, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies to S. scabiei, as well as to the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Euroglyphus maynei. Results 45%, 27% and 2.2% of the patients had measurable amounts of mixed Ig, IgG and IgE that recognized scabies mite antigens. However, 73.6% of the scabies patients had serum IgM that recognized scabies proteins, and all except two of them also had IgM that recognized all of the three species of dust mites. No patient had serum antibody exclusively reactive to scabies mite antigens. Conclusions Co-sensitization or cross-reactivity between antigens from scabies and house dust mites confounds developing a blood test for scabies. Scabies, caused by the mite S. scabiei that burrows in the skin of humans, is a contagious skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a significant public health burden in economically disadvantaged populations, and outbreaks are common in nursing homes, daycare facilities, schools and workplaces in developed countries. It causes significant morbidity, and in chronic cases, associated bacterial infections can lead to renal and cardiac diseases. Scabies is very difficult to diagnose by the usual skin scrape test, and a presumptive diagnosis is often made based on clinical signs such as rash and itch that can mimic other skin disease. A sensitive and specific blood test to detect scabies-specific antibodies would allow a physician to quickly make a correct diagnosis. Our manuscript reports the antibody isotype profiles of the sera of two groups of patients with ordinary scabies (17 from the US and 74 from Brazil) and concludes that such a blood test should be based on circulating IgM type antibodies that do not also recognize antigens of the related and ubiquitous house dust mites. Both are important considerations for research for developing a blood test for the diagnosis of scabies.
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Scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among American Samoan Children, 2011-2012. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139336. [PMID: 26458270 PMCID: PMC4601791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to bacterial superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, bacterial superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a bacterial superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged <1 year had the highest incidence (99.9/1,000 children). Children aged 0–4 years were 4.9 times more likely and those aged 5–9 years were 2.2 times more likely to have received a scabies diagnosis than children aged 10–14 years. Conclusions/Significance Scabies and its sequelae cause substantial morbidity among AS children. Bacterial superinfection prevalence and frequent reinfestations highlight the importance of diagnosing scabies and early treatment of patients and close contacts. Investigating why certain AS counties have a lower scabies incidence might help guide recommendations for improving scabies control among counties with a higher incidence. We recommend interventions targeting infants and young children who have frequent close family contact.
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Impact of family ownerships, individual hygiene, and residential environments on the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in urban and rural areas of northwest of Iran. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4295-303. [PMID: 26276644 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the appraisal of head lice outbreak, in addition to socioeconomic factors and availability of health care services, environmental conditions of the households must be taken into account. However, interviewing with children or mailing questionnaires to families may not reflect the actualities. Therefore, in this study, all the inclusive factors which may be associated with head lice outbreak were thoroughly and closely investigated. The data were collected by examining students at schools and surveying patients' households. A questionnaire concerning children's personal hygienic practices, family features, and environmental conditions of the households was filled out during the close assessment of the residential area. The overall prevalence of head lice was obtained as 5.9%, and the difference was not significant within the urban (5.1%) and rural (6.1%) communities. Overall, the number of infested students was more frequent in girls (6.6%) than boys (2.8%), but the difference was not significant. The highest infestation rate was obtained in the examined students whose fathers were unemployed, farmer, and herdsman. Family income showed greater correlation with the prevalence of pediculosis capitis. A high frequency of pediculosis capitis was identified among the students who were sharing individual items with siblings. Assessment of households showed that room flooring material and keeping animals at home were highly correlated with head lice prevalence. Households should be informed that infestations happen, irrespective of socioeconomic status. However, the physical and environmental conditions of living areas and households play an important role in head lice prevention.
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Romani L, Steer AC, Whitfeld MJ, Kaldor JM. Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:960-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Militão de Sousa F, Vasconcelos AW, de Nadon J, Duhot PY. Treatment of human head lice infestations in a single application with a new galenic lotion. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 32:369-75. [PMID: 20491994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency and safety of a new galenic meta-emulsion for the treatment of human head lice (Pediculus capitis) in a single application. A controlled clinical study was conducted comparing lice infestation and nit hatching observed before and after a treatment in a single application. Eighty-two of the 87 children included completed the study. An infestation control was performed on 36 and 46 children, 8 and 24 h respectively after application. Five days later, a meticulous hair examination was carried out to check that the lice infestation was completely cured. After a single application of the lotion being tested, an examination of the scalp with a head lice detection comb, as well as an examination of the rinsing water and the towel used for drying after washing, showed that out of the total 1285 lice, there were no live lice. The percentage of nits hatching before treatment was close to 70%. In comparison, after an 8-h treatment (t(+8)), the percentage of nits hatching was 2.1%, with only 0.35% of living nymphs. After a 24-h treatment (t(+24)), 1.9% hatched with 0.38% living nymphs. Nymphs were revealed to be non-viable. After 5 days (t(+120)), no living adult or immature lice were found on the subjects tested. Moreover, observation of tolerance levels to this treatment at days 1, 5 and 12 showed no side effects. The specific galenic lotion completely cured head lice infestation in the population studied in a single application. The lotion, a patented meta-emulsion, has a mechanical action that asphyxiates lice and nits. Considering the advantages of the single application, the possibility of complete concomitant therapeutics for a whole school population within only 1 day and the high level of tolerance to this treatment, this approach seems simple and promising.
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Abstract
Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among parents of school-aged children. Since the 2010 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, newer medications have been approved for the treatment of head lice. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols and provides guidance for the management of children with head lice in the school setting.
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Rassami W, Soonwera M. Epidemiology of pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in the eastern area of Bangkok, Thailand. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:901-4. [PMID: 23569868 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in primary schoolchildren in the eastern area of Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS The present study was to determine the head lice infestation (Pediculosis) levels in primary schoolchildren, during May, 2011 to July, 2011, A total of 3 747 schoolchildren aged 5-12 years old from 12 selected primary school of Ladkrabang district, the eastern area of Bangkok were examined for head lice. Pediculosis was defined as the presence of at least on living adult, nymph and viable egg. RESULTS The overall head lice infestation rate was 23.32% and infestation rate was higher in girls (47.12%) than in boys (0%). The infestation rate among schoolchildren varied from 12.62% to 29.76%. The infestation rate among girls varied from 26.07% (12 years old group) to 55.89% (8 years old group). CONCLUSIONS Pediculosis is a common public health problem affecting primary schoolchildren in eastern area of Bangkok and those levels are epidemic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharawit Rassami
- Entomology and Environment Program, Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok Thailand
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Omura S, Crump A. Ivermectin: panacea for resource-poor communities? Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:445-55. [PMID: 25130507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 2014 Gairdner Global Health Award was conferred for discovery of the unique microorganism that is the sole source of the endectocidal avermectins, and the Public sector/Private sector Partnership that developed innovative biopharmaceuticals with immeasurably beneficial impact on public health worldwide. Ivermectin is already labelled a 'wonder drug', essential for campaigns to eliminate two disfiguring and devastating tropical diseases. New uses for it are identified regularly, including possible antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer potential. Hundreds of millions of people are taking ivermectin to combat various diseases and afflictions, and mass administration of ivermectin in polyparasitised poor communities around the world is increasingly recognised as a mechanism to easily and cost-effectively improve overall health and quality of life for everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Omura
- The Kitasato Institute and Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Andy Crump
- The Kitasato Institute and Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Henshaw EB, Olasode OA, Ogedegbe EE, Etuk I. Dermatologic conditions in teenage adolescents in Nigeria. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2014; 5:79-87. [PMID: 24966708 PMCID: PMC4041180 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s62231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin disorders are common in adolescents, and the impact on quality of life can be enormous, particularly when viewed against the backdrop of the visibility of skin diseases and the psychologically vulnerable period of adolescence. However, few studies have documented the magnitude of skin disorders in this subset of individuals. We therefore estimated the point prevalence and pattern of dermatologic conditions in adolescents attending various secondary schools in Calabar, Southern Nigeria. Methods Using a structured questionnaire, relevant sociodemographic information was obtained from 1,447 teenage adolescents from eight secondary schools. Thereafter, a whole body examination was conducted to determine the presence and types of skin disorders seen. Results Skin diseases were seen in 929 students. The point prevalence was higher in males (72.1%) than in females (58.3%). Private schools had a higher prevalence than public schools. The six most common dermatoses were acne vulgaris, pityriasis versicolor, nevi, tinea, miliaria, and keloid/hypertrophic scars, and accounted for over 80% of the dermatoses seen. Conclusion The point prevalence of dermatoses in senior secondary school adolescents was 64.2%. Although a large number of skin disorders were observed, only a handful accounted for a significant proportion of the diseases seen. This increases the ease of training community health workers in the recognition and treatment of common skin diseases. Age, race, and climatic factors are important determinants of skin diseases in adolescents in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan B Henshaw
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka A Olasode
- Department of Dermatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Imaobong Etuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
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