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Bai T, Wang Z, Shao H, Zhang X, Lorenz A, Meng X, Wu Y, Chen H, Li X. Novel Perspective on the Regulation of Offspring Food Allergy by Maternal Diet and Nutrients. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10679-10691. [PMID: 38695770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There has been a dramatic surge in the prevalence of food allergy (FA) that cannot be explained solely by genetics, identifying mechanisms of sensitization that are driven by environmental factors has become increasingly important. Diet, gut microbiota, and their metabolites have been shown to play an important role in the development of FA. In this review, we discuss the latest epidemiological evidence on the impact of two major dietary patterns and key nutrients in early life on the risk of offspring developing FA. The Western diet typically includes high sugar and high fat, which may affect the immune system of offspring and increase susceptibility to FA. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet is rich in fiber, which may reduce the risk of FA in offspring. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms by which maternal dietary nutrients during a window of opportunity (pregnancy, birth, and lactation) influences the susceptibility of offspring to FA through multi-interface crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the limitations and gaps in the available evidence regarding the relationship between maternal dietary nutrients and the risk of FA in offspring. This review provides novel perspective on the regulation of offspring FA by maternal diet and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Huming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Agla Lorenz
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Carroll KN. Impact of Climate Change on Dietary Nutritional Quality and Implications for Asthma and Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:85-96. [PMID: 37973262 PMCID: PMC11233177 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic disorders are common in childhood with genetic and environmental determinants of disease that include prenatal nutritional exposures such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Global climate change is implicated in asthma and allergic disorder morbidity with potential mechanisms including perturbations of ecosystems. There is support that environmental and climatic changes such as increasing global temperate and carbon dioxide levels affect aquatic and agricultural ecosystems with subsequent alterations in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and nutrient quality and antioxidant capacity of certain crops, respectively. This article discusses asthma epidemiology and the influence of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Rouschop SH, Smolinska A, Gielen M, de Groot RHM, Zeegers MP, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Maternal fatty acid status during pregnancy versus offspring inflammatory markers: a canonical correlation analysis of the MEFAB cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1264278. [PMID: 37927506 PMCID: PMC10620499 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1264278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of inflammatory lung disorders in children may be related to maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy. We therefore examined maternal fatty acid (FA) status during pregnancy and its associations with inflammatory markers and lung conditions in the child by analyzing data from the MEFAB cohort using multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In the MEFAB cohort, 39 different phospholipid FAs were measured in maternal plasma at 16, 22 and 32 weeks of pregnancy, and at day of birth. Child inflammatory markers and self-reported doctor diagnosis of inflammatory lung disorders were assessed at 7 years of age. Using CCA, we found that maternal FA levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with child inflammatory markers at 7 years of age and that Mead acid (20:3n-9) was the most important FA for this correlation. To further verify the importance of Mead acid, we examined the relation between maternal Mead acid levels at the day of birth with the development of inflammatory lung disorders in children at age 7. After stratification for the child's sex, maternal Mead acid levels at day of birth were significantly related with self-reported doctor diagnosis of asthma and lung infections in boys, and bronchitis and total number of lung disorders in girls. Future studies should investigate whether the importance of Mead acid in the relation between maternal FA status and inflammation and lung disorders in the child is due to its role as biomarker for essential fatty acid deficiency or due to its own biological function as pro-inflammatory mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Rouschop
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marij Gielen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Department Conditions for Life Long Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Nederlandse Voedsel en Warenautoriteit (NVWA), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frederik J. van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roger W. Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Maternal energy-adjusted fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the development of cows' milk allergy in the offspring. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1607-1614. [PMID: 34763730 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cows' milk allergy (CMA) is one of the earliest manifestations of allergic diseases. Early dietary factors, like maternal diet during pregnancy, may play a role in the development of allergic diseases in the offspring. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy and the risk of CMA in the offspring. Our study was conducted in a population-based cohort, the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study. We collected the maternal dietary data by a validated FFQ. We obtained the information on CMA in the study participants (n 448) from registers and from the parents. Dietary data and information on CMA were available for 4921 children. We used logistic regression in the analyses, and fatty acid intakes were energy adjusted. The maternal intake of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, trans fatty acids, ratio of n-3 PUFA to n-6 PUFA or ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid was not associated with the risk of CMA in the offspring when adjusted for perinatal factors, background factors, parental history of asthma or allergic rhinitis and infant animal contacts. The intake of α-linolenic acid was associated with a decreased risk (OR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·93) of CMA in the offspring of mothers without a history of allergic rhinitis or asthma. In conclusion, the maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy is not associated with the risk of CMA in the offspring.
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Association of Maternal Erythrocyte PUFA during Pregnancy with Offspring Allergy in the Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112312. [PMID: 35684115 PMCID: PMC9182582 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings on prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and offspring allergies have been inconsistent, and the majority of studies have focused on Western populations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal erythrocyte PUFA and offspring allergies in the first 2 years in the Chinese population. We included 573 mother–infant pairs from a birth cohort. Based on the outpatient medical records, we identified the diagnosis and time of offspring allergic disease onset. We measured erythrocyte fatty acids by gas chromatography. Associations were examined using Cox regression. We found that higher maternal total PUFA levels (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.94), especially of arachidonic acid (AA) (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97) and n-3 PUFA (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97), were associated with reduced risk of offspring allergies. Similar results were found for eczema. Compared with children without a maternal allergy history, the associations of total PUFA (p = 0.028) and n-6 PUFA (p = 0.013) with offspring allergies were stronger in those with a maternal allergy history. Maternal erythrocyte total PUFA, especially AA, and n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with offspring allergies within 2 years of age. There was a significant interaction between maternal allergy history and maternal PUFA in offspring allergies.
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Venter C, Smith PK, Arshad H. Dietary strategies for the prevention of asthma in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:123-131. [PMID: 35197434 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes information relating to dietary intake during pregnancy, lactation and early life that may prevent childhood asthma. This review also summarizes how future studies may be improved. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings from observational studies suggest that eating according to certain dietary patterns during pregnancy, such as the dietary inflammatory index, Mediterranean diet and Maternal diet index, may reduce asthma and or wheeze in the child. Vitamin D supplementation with higher doses than recommended during pregnancy may be associated with reduced early transient childhood wheezing in the offspring. Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in breast milk may be protective against childhood asthma. Breastfeeding infants has been shown to offer many benefits to mother and child but a direct relationship between breastfeeding and the development of asthma has not been established. During childhood, infants and children may need to reduce their intake of advanced glycation end products, increase their food intake according to the traditional Mediterranean diet and increase the diversity of foods eaten. SUMMARY Current evidence provides limited suggestions regarding dietary changes for preventing early transient childhood wheezing. In order to harmonize methods for future data collection and reporting, it is important to harmonize relevant definitions and other important factors. The aim of the considerations described here is to enable a better comparison of future studies and provide better guidance to patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter K Smith
- Griffith University Department of Clinical Medicine
- Qld Allergy Services, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hasan Arshad
- University of Southampton, Southampton
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Center, Isle of Wight, UK
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Li Y, Li Q, Cao Z, Wu J. The causal association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with allergic disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962787. [PMID: 36159460 PMCID: PMC9500587 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have reported a potential association of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels with allergic disease risk and the possible benefit of PUFAs supplementation on allergic disease prevention. This study was performed to estimate the genetic association between PUFAs and allergic diseases using the method of both univariable and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods As indicators of the PUFAs levels, we included the omega-3, omega-6, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), linoleic acid (LA), and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (omega-6:3). Summarized statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for these PUFAs were obtained from the United Kingdom Biobank and the Twins United Kingdom cohort. Genetic data relating to allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), allergic urticaria (AU) and asthma, were accessed from the FinnGen biobank analysis. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were used to express the impact. Results The MR results denoted a genetic association between the genetically determined increase in omega-3 levels and the decreased risk of some allergic diseases including AD (OR: 0.863; 95% CI: 0.785 to 0.949; p = 3.86E-03), AC (OR:0.720; 95% CI: 0.547 to 0.947; p = 1.87E-02) and AU (OR:0.821; 95% CI: 0.684 to 0.985; p = 3.42E-02), while omega-6 and DHA level was only found to have negatively correlation with risk of AC with ORs of 0.655 (95% CI: 0.445 to 0.964; p = 3.18E-02) and 0.671 (95% CI 0.490 to 0.918; p = 1.25E-02), respectively. Omega-6:3 were causally significantly associated with the increased risk of AD (OR:1.171; 95% CI: 1.045 to 1.312; p = 6.46E-03) and AC (IVW: OR:1.341; 95% CI: 1.032 to 1.743; p = 2.83E-02). After adjustment of age, economic level, BMI, smoking and alcohol behaviors in the multivariable MR analysis, a direct causal protective effect of omega-3 on AD and AC, as well as a direct causal association between DHA and AD were observed. Omega-6:3 was also found to be directly associated with an increased risk of AD and AC. No association was found of EPA or LA with allergic diseases. Conclusion Higher PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, DHA) and lower omega-6:3 ratios were genetically associated with a lower risk of some allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangxiang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Ningxia Geriatric Disease Clinical Research Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China.,Hunan People's Hospital, Department of Hunan Institute of Geriatrics, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqin Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhuang Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Aparicio E, Martín-Grau C, Hernández-Martinez C, Voltas N, Canals J, Arija V. Changes in fatty acid levels (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:778. [PMID: 34789176 PMCID: PMC8596903 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy a high amount of fatty acids (FA) is necessary to meet foetus demands, which vary during gestation. The present study describes the changes in maternal fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of 479 pregnant women who were monitored from the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics were recorded and a serum sample was collected in each trimester. The fatty acid profile (saturated (SFA: total, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), monounsaturated (MUFA: total, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA: total omega-6 (n-6), linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-3 (n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was analysed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combination. RESULTS From the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy, a significant increase in total SFA, total MUFA and total n-6 PUFA was found. (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the serum concentration of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 PUFA decreased during gestation (p < 0.001). A statistically non-significant result was observed for the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) serum concentration between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Significant correlations were observed between each total fatty acid concentrations of the first and third trimesters. CONCLUSION The circulating serum concentration of SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA increases during pregnancy, whereas essential fatty acids such as AA and EPA decrease, and DHA remains unchanged. Further research is necessary to understand the role played by FA throughout gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Aparicio
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Martín-Grau
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS)-Camp de Tarragona-Terres de l'Ebre, Joan XXIII University Hospital in Tarragona, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martinez
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Voltas
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
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Kang CM, Chiang BL, Wang LC. Maternal Nutritional Status and Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Their Offspring. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:128-155. [PMID: 32157654 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the leading chronic skin inflammatory disease and the initial manifestation of atopic march. Available evidence supports the notion that primary prevention early in life leads to a decreased incidence of AD, thus possibly decreasing the subsequent occurrence of atopic march. Nutritional status is essential to a proper functioning immune system and is valued for its important role in AD. Essential nutrients, which include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta during gestation. Various nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D, were studied in relation to maternal status and offspring allergy. However, no strong evidence indicates that a single nutrient or food in mothers' diet significantly affects the risk of childhood AD. In the light of current evidence, mothers should not either increase nor avoid consuming these nutrients to prevent or ameliorate allergic diseases in their offspring. Each essential nutrient has an important role in fetal development, and current government recommendations suggest specific intake amounts for pregnant women. This review discusses evidence on how various nutrients, including lipids (monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs, saturated fatty acids, and short-chain fatty acids), carbohydrates (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides), proteins, vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), and trace minerals (magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and strontium) in maternal status are associated with the development of AD and their possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Dubovyi A, Chelimo C, Schierding W, Bisyuk Y, Camargo CA, Grant CC. A systematic review of asthma case definitions in 67 birth cohort studies. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 37:89-98. [PMID: 32653466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth cohort studies are a valuable source of information about potential risk factors for childhood asthma. To better understand similarities and variations in findings between birth cohort studies, the methodologies used to measure asthma require consideration. OBJECTIVE To review and appraise the definitions of "asthma" used in birth cohort studies. METHODS A literature search, conducted in December 2017 in the MEDLINE database and birth cohort repositories, identified 1721 citations published since 1990. Information extracted included: study name, year of publication, sample size, sample age, prevalence of asthma (%), study region, source of information about asthma, measured outcome, and asthma case definition. A meta-analysis evaluated whether asthma prevalence in cohorts from Europe and North America varied by the studies' definition of asthma and by their data sources. RESULTS The final review included 67 birth cohorts, of which 48 (72%) were from Europe, 14 (21%) from North America, 3 (5%) from Oceania, 1 (1%) from Asia and 1 (1%) from South America. We identified three measured outcomes: "asthma ever", "current asthma", and "asthma" without further specification. Definitions of "asthma ever" were primarily based upon an affirmative parental response to the question whether the child had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. The most frequently used definition of "current asthma" was "asthma ever" and either asthma symptoms or asthma medications in the last 12 months. This definition of "current asthma" was used in 16 cohorts. There was no statistically significant difference in the pooled asthma prevalence in European and North American cohorts that used questionnaire alone versus other data sources to classify asthma. CONCLUSION There is substantial heterogeneity in childhood asthma definitions in birth cohort studies. Standardisation of asthma case definitions will improve the comparability and utility of future cohort studies and enable meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dubovyi
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carol Chelimo
- Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yuriy Bisyuk
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; General Paediatrics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Associations of Plasma Fatty Acid Patterns during Pregnancy with Respiratory and Allergy Outcomes at School Age. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103057. [PMID: 33036333 PMCID: PMC7601105 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids might play a role in asthma and allergy development as they can modulate immune responses. We examined among 4260 mother-child pairs participating in a population-based cohort the associations of maternal plasma fatty acid patterns during pregnancy with a child's respiratory and allergy outcomes at school-age. In mid-pregnancy, 22 individual fatty acids were measured from maternal blood. Three patterns were previously identified by principal component analysis: A 'high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)', a 'monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid', and a 'high n-3 PUFA' pattern. At the age of 10 years, a child's lung function was assessed by spirometry, current asthma and physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy by questionnaire, and inhalant allergic sensitization by skin prick tests. A higher 'high n-6 PUFA' pattern was associated with a higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow after exhaling 75% of forced vital capacity (Z-score difference (95% CI) 0.04 (0, 0.07) and 0.04 (0.01, 0.07), respectively, per SD increase in the fatty acid pattern). We observed no associations of maternal fatty acid patterns with a child's asthma or allergy outcomes. Our results showed limited associations of maternal patterns of high n-6 PUFA concentrations in pregnancy with a better lung function in school-aged children.
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Gardner KG, Gebretsadik T, Hartman TJ, Rosa MJ, Tylavsky FA, Adgent MA, Moore PE, Kocak M, Bush NR, Davis RL, Lewinn KZ, Wright RJ, Carroll KN. Prenatal Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Childhood Atopic Dermatitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:937-944. [PMID: 31626989 PMCID: PMC7064417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is a common childhood disease, potentially influenced by prenatal nutritional exposures such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). OBJECTIVE In a racially diverse cohort, we hypothesized that childhood atopic dermatitis would be associated with higher prenatal omega-6 (n-6) and lower omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. METHODS We included mother-child dyads, births 2006 to 2011, enrolled in the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development in Early Childhood cohort. Primary exposures included second trimester plasma n-3 and n-6 PUFA status and the ratio of the two (n-6:n-3). We assessed child current atopic dermatitis symptoms in the previous 12 months at age approximately 4 to 6 years. We investigated the association between PUFA exposures and atopic dermatitis using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. We assessed for effect modification by maternal prenatal smoking, atopic disease history, and child sex. RESULTS Among 1131 women, 67% were African American and 42% had an atopic disease history; 17% of children had atopic dermatitis. Higher prenatal n-6 PUFAs were associated with increased relative odds of child atopic dermatitis (adjusted odds ratio: 1.25; confidence interval: 1.01-1.54 per interquartile range difference), and interaction models demonstrated that this association was seen in dyads in which the women had a history of atopic disease. Neither prenatal n-3 PUFAs nor n-6:n-3 were associated with child atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION In this racially diverse cohort, higher second trimester n-6 PUFAs were associated with atopic dermatitis in children of women with atopy. PUFAs may represent a modifiable risk factor for atopic dermatitis, particularly in individuals with a familial predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney G Gardner
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Maria J Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Margaret A Adgent
- Division of General Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Paul E Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Robert L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Kaja Z Lewinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
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Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Çelebi Sözener Z, Karaguzel D, Wojcik M, Cypryk K, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Sokolowska M. The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2990. [PMID: 31817726 PMCID: PMC6950146 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) are essential sources of energy and fundamental structural components of cells. They also play important roles in the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Saturated and unsaturated FAs influence the effector and regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immune cells by changing membrane composition and fluidity and by acting through specific receptors. Impaired balance of saturated/unsaturated FAs, as well as n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has significant consequences on immune system homeostasis, contributing to the development of many allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. In this paper, we discuss up-to-date knowledge and the clinical relevance of the influence of dietary FAs on the biology, homeostasis, and functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells, T cells and B cells. Additionally, we review the effects of dietary FAs on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Çelebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Chest Disease, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karaguzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marzena Wojcik
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
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14
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Rosa MJ, Hartman TJ, Adgent M, Gardner K, Gebretsadik T, Moore PE, Davis RL, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Tylavsky F, Wright RJ, Carroll KN. Prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acids and child asthma: Effect modification by maternal asthma and child sex. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:800-807.e4. [PMID: 31809758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings on prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and child wheeze and asthma have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine associations between prenatal PUFA status and child wheeze/asthma and modifying effects of maternal asthma/atopy, child sex, and maternal race. METHODS Analyses included 1019 mother-child dyads with omega-3 (n-3) and omega-3 (n-6) PUFAs measured in second-trimester plasma; n-6/n-3 ratios were calculated. Child wheeze/asthma outcomes ascertained at age 4 to 6 years included ever physician-diagnosed asthma, current wheeze (symptoms past 12 months), current asthma (diagnosis and medication and/or symptoms past 12 months), and current diagnosed asthma. Each PUFA indicator and outcome was analyzed in separate models using modified Poisson regression with interaction terms. RESULTS In quartile (Q) analyses, higher n-6 PUFAs were associated with increased risk of ever (risk ratio [RR] high vs low [RR Q4 vs Q1], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07-2.71) and current (RR Q4 vs Q1, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07-2.71) diagnosed asthma, whereas n-3 PUFAs were associated with lower risk (RR Q4 vs Q1, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.33-1.03) of current diagnosed asthma (Ptrend < .05 for all). Higher n-6 PUFAs were associated with a higher risk of all respiratory outcomes among children born to women with asthma (Pinteraction < .05 for all outcomes). A significant 3-way interaction between child sex, maternal asthma, and n-6/n-3 PUFA indicated that male children born to women with asthma and a higher ratio had the highest risk across wheeze/asthma outcomes (Pinteraction < .05). CONCLUSIONS Associations between prenatal PUFA status and childhood wheeze/asthma were modified by maternal history of asthma and child sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Margaret Adgent
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kourtney Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Paul E Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Robert L Davis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Frances Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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15
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Venter C, Meyer RW, Nwaru BI, Roduit C, Untersmayr E, Adel‐Patient K, Agache I, Agostoni C, Akdis CA, Bischoff S, du Toit G, Feeney M, Frei R, Garn H, Greenhawt M, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, Lunjani N, Maslin K, Mills C, Muraro A, Pali I, Poulson L, Reese I, Renz H, Roberts GC, Smith P, Smolinska S, Sokolowska M, Stanton C, Vlieg‐Boerstra B, O'Mahony L. EAACI position paper: Influence of dietary fatty acids on asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2019; 74:1429-1444. [PMID: 31032983 DOI: 10.1111/all.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review was to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid-associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology, and intervention studies are summarized in this review. The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (ie, food versus supplement) and standardized doses, and frequently a lack of prestudy serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time. Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado Colorado
| | | | - Bright I. Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Karine Adel‐Patient
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno‐Allergie Alimentaire (LIAA) INRA, CEA, Université Paris Saclay Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ‐ Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunita Universita' degli Studi Milano Italy
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bischoff
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin Universität Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - George du Toit
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy King's College London London UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Mary Feeney
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy King's College London London UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Holger Garn
- Center for Tumor‐ and Immunobiology (ZTI), Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry Philipps University of Marburg ‐ Medical Faculty Marburg Germany
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- School of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Aurora Colorado
| | - Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Kate Maslin
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Clare Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Centro di Specializzazione Regionale per lo Studio e la Cura delle Allergie e delle Intolleranze Alimentari presso l'Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Isabella Pali
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Lars Poulson
- Allergy Clinic, Dept. of Skin and Allergy Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Imke Reese
- Dietary Counseling and Nutrition Therapy Centre Munich Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Graham C. Roberts
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre St Mary's Hospital Newport UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health Academic Units University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Peter Smith
- School of Medicine Griffith University Southport Australia
| | - Sylwia Smolinska
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | | | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Depts of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
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16
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Rosa MJ, Perzanowski MS. Dietary Fat Intake, Particulate Matter Exposure, and Asthma Severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:1447-1448. [PMID: 30922061 PMCID: PMC6580673 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201902-0296ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Rosa
- 1 Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Mt. Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York and
| | - Matthew S Perzanowski
- 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University New York, New York
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17
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Ter Borg S, Koopman N, Verkaik-Kloosterman J. Food Consumption, Nutrient Intake and Status during the First 1000 days of Life in the Netherlands: a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E860. [PMID: 30995816 PMCID: PMC6520769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development in early life. Nutritional data serves as a basis for national nutritional guidelines and policies. Currently, there is no insight into the availability of such data during the first 1000 days of life. Therefore, a systematic review was performed, following the PRISMA reporting guideline, to identify studies on food consumption, nutrient intake or status in the Netherlands. Potential gaps were identified, and the quality of the studies is discussed. The databases Embase and Medline were used, as well as databases from national institutes. Articles published in 2008-2018 were screened by two independent reviewers. In total 601 articles were identified, of which 173 were included. For pregnant women, 32 studies were available with nutritional data, for young children 40 studies were identified. No studies were available for breastfeeding women. A large variety of foods and nutrients were assessed, however certain nutrients were lacking (e.g., vitamin K). Overall, the studies had methodological limitations, making the data unsuitable to assess nutrient inadequacies. There is a need for recent, high quality nutritional research to strengthen the understanding of the nutritional needs and deficiencies during early life, and is fundamental for national guidelines and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovianne Ter Borg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Nynke Koopman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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18
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PUFA status at birth and allergy-related phenotypes in childhood: a pooled analysis of the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth (MEFAB) and RHEA birth cohorts. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:202-210. [PMID: 29359683 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lower prenatal exposure to n-3 PUFA relative to n-6 PUFA has been hypothesised to influence allergy development, but evidence remains largely inconsistent. In the Dutch Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth (MEFAB) (n 293) and Greek RHEA Mother-Child (n 213) cohorts, we investigated whether cord blood phospholipid PUFA concentrations are associated with symptoms of wheeze, asthma, rhinitis and eczema at the age of 6-7 years. Information on allergy-related phenotypes was collected using validated questionnaires. We estimated relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI for associations of PUFA with child outcomes using multivariable generalised linear regression models. In pooled analyses, higher concentration of the n-3 long-chain EPA and DHA and a higher total n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio were associated with lower risk of current wheeze (RR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·82 per sd increase in EPA+DHA and 0·54; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·75 per unit increase in the n-3:n-6 ratio) and reduced asthma risk (RR 0·50; 95 % CI 0·31, 0·79 for EPA+DHA and 0·43; 95 % CI 0·26, 0·70 for the n-3:n-6 ratio). No associations were observed for other allergy-related phenotypes. The results were similar across cohorts. In conclusion, higher EPA and DHA concentrations and a higher n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratio at birth were associated with lower risk of child wheeze and asthma. Our findings suggest that dietary interventions resulting in a marked increase in the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio, and mainly in n-3 long-chain PUFA intake in late gestation, may reduce the risk of asthma symptoms in mid-childhood.
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19
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Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Oken E, Ballester F, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Cordier S, de Groot R, den Dekker HT, Duijts L, Eggesbø M, Fantini MP, Forastiere F, Gehring U, Gielen M, Gori D, Govarts E, Inskip HM, Iszatt N, Jansen M, Kelleher C, Mehegan J, Moltó-Puigmartí C, Mommers M, Oliveira A, Olsen SF, Pelé F, Pizzi C, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Robinson SM, Schoeters G, Strøm M, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wijga AH, Kogevinas M, Zeegers MP, Chatzi L. Fish and seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood: a pooled analysis of 18 European and US birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:1465-1477. [PMID: 28338907 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that prenatal exposure to n-3 long-chain fatty acids protects against asthma and other allergy-related diseases later in childhood. The extent to which fish intake in pregnancy protects against child asthma and rhinitis symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether fish and seafood consumption in pregnancy is associated with childhood wheeze, asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods We pooled individual data from 60 774 mother-child pairs participating in 18 European and US birth cohort studies. Information on wheeze, asthma and allergic rhinitis prevalence was collected using validated questionnaires. The time periods of interest were: infancy (0-2 years), preschool age (3-4 years), and school age (5-8 years). We used multivariable generalized models to assess associations of fish and seafood (other than fish) consumption during pregnancy with child respiratory outcomes in cohort-specific analyses, with subsequent random-effects meta-analyses. Results The median fish consumption during pregnancy ranged from 0.44 times/week in The Netherlands to 4.46 times/week in Spain. Maternal fish intake during pregnancy was not associated with offspring wheeze symptoms in any age group nor with the risk of child asthma [adjusted meta-analysis relative risk (RR) per 1-time/week = 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.05)] and allergic rhinitis at school age (RR = 1.01, 0.99-1.03). These results were consistently found in further analyses by type of fish and seafood consumption and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion We found no evidence supporting a protective association of fish and seafood consumption during pregnancy with offspring symptoms of wheeze, asthma and allergic rhinitis from infancy to mid childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Henrique Barros
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Epidemiological Research in Environment, Reproduction and Child Development, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Renate de Groot
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Welten Institute, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman T den Dekker
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marij Gielen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Govarts
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Jansen
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Services, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecily Kelleher
- Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Mommers
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabienne Pelé
- Epidemiological Research in Environment, Reproduction and Child Development, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health System, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sian M Robinson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Southampton and University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.,Department of BiomedicalSciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marin Strøm
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carel Thijs
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medicine Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Lee-Sarwar K, Litonjua AA. As You Eat It: Effects of Prenatal Nutrition on Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:711-718. [PMID: 29412180 PMCID: PMC5948171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma most frequently develops early in life, and increased recognition of the role of lifestyle and environmental factors in asthma susceptibility raises the possibility that dietary exposures during pregnancy may influence the risk of asthma in offspring. This review discusses the latest evidence with regard to the effect of diet during pregnancy on childhood asthma risk, including potential mechanisms, outcomes of randomized clinical trials, and results from observational studies. Vitamin D and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy are highlighted as areas with large and growing bodies of literature to support a potential role in prenatal modulation of subsequent asthma risk. Several other nutritional interventions are under active investigation, and recommendations regarding dietary modifications during pregnancy will likely need to be personalized based on factors such as maternal smoking and genetic variants. Although nutrition during pregnancy is uniquely challenging to investigate, and definitive recommendations cannot be made without additional high-quality evidence and knowledge regarding long-term effects of interventions, the modifiable nature of the diet and sizeable potential reduction of morbidity supports ongoing research to determine how to optimize nutrition during pregnancy to prevent asthma in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Lee-Sarwar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital at University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
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21
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Wu W, Lin L, Shi B, Jing J, Cai L. The effects of early life polyunsaturated fatty acids and ruminant trans fatty acids on allergic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1802-1815. [PMID: 29341787 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1429382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early life nutritional exposures could modify the gene expression and susceptibility of allergic diseases (AD). This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether early life (the first 1,000 days) natural exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFA) could affect the AD risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through September 10, 2017 for relevant full-text articles in English. Observational studies were selected if they examined the effects of early life PUFA or R-TFA on AD (eczema, asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis) or sensitization. The quality of studies was examined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the best evidence synthesis (BES) was applied. We included 26 observational studies, and 8 of them showed high quality. BES showed a moderate evidence for the protective effect of vaccenic acid (VA, an R-TFA) on eczema, while insufficient or no evidence was found in other associations. Meta-analysis showed that higher n-6/n-3 ratio and linoleic acid were associated with higher risk of eczema (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00 -1.13; 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 -1.15). However, VA was inversely associated with eczema pooled OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25 -0.72). Early life natural exposure to VA showed evident benefit on decreasing the risk of eczema, while PUFA and other R-TFA showed limited effects on AD. More robust studies especially for R-TFA are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wu
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Lizi Lin
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Maternal and Child Health , School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bijun Shi
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jing
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,c The Constitutional and Behavioral Research Center for Children and Adolescents, Department of Maternal and Child Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,d Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
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22
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A Review of the Evidence for the Influence of Maternal Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake on Atopy in Offspring. TOP CLIN NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Gray LEK, O'Hely M, Ranganathan S, Sly PD, Vuillermin P. The Maternal Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Bacterial Metabolites during Pregnancy Influence Offspring Asthma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:365. [PMID: 28408909 PMCID: PMC5374203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current evidence that maternal dietary and gut bacterial exposures during pregnancy influence the developing fetal immune system and subsequent offspring asthma. Part 1 addresses exposure to a farm environment, antibiotics, and prebiotic and probiotic supplementation that together indicate the importance of bacterial experience in immune programming and offspring asthma. Part 2 outlines proposed mechanisms to explain these associations including bacterial exposure of the fetoplacental unit; immunoglobulin-related transplacental transport of gut bacterial components; cytokine signaling producing fetomaternal immune alignment; and immune programming via metabolites produced by gut bacteria. Part 3 focuses on the interplay between diet, gut bacteria, and bacterial metabolites. Maternal diet influences fecal bacterial composition, with dietary microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) selecting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Current evidence from mouse models indicates an association between increased maternal dietary MACs, SCFA exposure during pregnancy, and reduced offspring asthma that is, at least in part, mediated by the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes in the fetal lung. Part 4 discusses considerations for future studies investigating maternal diet-by-microbiome determinants of offspring asthma including the challenge of measuring dietary MAC intake; limitations of the existing measures of the gut microbiome composition and metabolic activity; measures of SCFA exposure; and the complexities of childhood respiratory health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E K Gray
- Barwon Infant Study, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Barwon Infant Study, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Respiratory Diseases, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter David Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Barwon Infant Study, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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24
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Goksör E, Loid P, Alm B, Åberg N, Wennergren G. The allergic march comprises the coexistence of related patterns of allergic disease not just the progressive development of one disease. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:1472-1479. [PMID: 27381249 PMCID: PMC5129460 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study explored the development and comorbidity of allergic diseases by analysing the relationship between allergic manifestations in infancy and at the age of 8. Methods We included 5654 children born in Sweden in 2003 in a longitudinal study. Parents answered postal questionnaires when the children were six months and one, four‐and‐a‐half and eight years of age. Results The response rate at eight years was 4051 (71.6%), and we analysed 3382 children with complete data. The number of manifestations in infancy increased the risk of allergic disease at eight years of age: 72% of children with one early manifestation were symptom free at 8, compared to 45% with two or more manifestations. Similar manifestations occurred in infancy and at the age of 8, for example recurrent wheeze increased the risk of doctor‐diagnosed asthma by an adjusted odds ratio of 6.5. Eczema and food allergy independently increased the risk of all four allergic manifestations at eight years. Conclusion Allergic disease at the age of 8 was related to the number of allergic manifestations in infancy. Manifestations were similar at both ages, suggesting an allergic march with the coexistence of disease patterns rather than the progressive development of one disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Goksör
- Department of Paediatrics University of Gothenburg Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Petra Loid
- Department of Paediatrics University of Gothenburg Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bernt Alm
- Department of Paediatrics University of Gothenburg Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Nils Åberg
- Department of Paediatrics University of Gothenburg Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Göran Wennergren
- Department of Paediatrics University of Gothenburg Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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25
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Schindler T, Sinn JKH, Osborn DA. Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 10:CD010112. [PMID: 27788565 PMCID: PMC6464137 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010112.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early dietary intakes may influence the development of allergic disease. It is important to determine if dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) given as supplements or added to infant formula prevent the development of allergy. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of higher PUFA intake during infancy to prevent allergic disease. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2015, Issue 9), MEDLINE (1966 to 14 September 2015), EMBASE (1980 to 14 September 2015) and CINAHL (1982 to 14 September 2015). We also searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared the use of a PUFA with no PUFA in infants for the prevention of allergy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data from the included studies. We used fixed-effect analyses. The treatment effects were expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS The search found 17 studies that assessed the effect of higher versus lower intake of PUFAs on allergic outcomes in infants. Only nine studies enrolling 2704 infants reported allergy outcomes that could be used in meta-analyses. Of these, there were methodological concerns for eight.In infants up to two years of age, meta-analyses found no difference in incidence of all allergy (1 study, 323 infants; RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.26; risk difference (RD) -0.02, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.09; heterogeneity not applicable), asthma (3 studies, 1162 infants; RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.35, I2 = 0%; RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.05, I2 = 0%), dermatitis/eczema (7 studies, 1906 infants; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.06, I2 = 0%; RD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.02, I2 = 0%) or food allergy (3 studies, 915 infants; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.19, I2 = 63%; RD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.02, I2 = 74%). There was a reduction in allergic rhinitis (2 studies, 594 infants; RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.96, I2 = 6%; RD -0.04, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.00, I2 = 54%; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 25, 95% CI 13 to ∞).In children aged two to five years, meta-analysis found no difference in incidence of all allergic disease (2 studies, 154 infants; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.02, I2 = 43%; RD -0.16, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.00, I2 = 63%; NNTB 6, 95% CI 3 to ∞), asthma (1 study, 89 infants; RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.02; RD -0.20, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.02; heterogeneity not applicable; NNTB 5, 95% CI 3 to 50), dermatitis/eczema (2 studies, 154 infants; RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.24, I2 = 0%; RD -0.09 95% CI -0.22 to 0.04, I2 = 24%) or food allergy (1 study, 65 infants; RR 2.27, 95% CI 0.25 to 20.68; RD 0.05, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.16; heterogeneity not applicable).In children aged two to five years, meta-analysis found no difference in prevalence of all allergic disease (2 studies, 633 infants; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.19, I2 = 36%; RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.07, I2 = 0%), asthma (2 studies, 635 infants; RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.53, I2 = 0%; RD 0.02, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.09, I2 = 0%), dermatitis/eczema (2 studies, 635 infants; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.09, I2 = 0%; RD -0.04 95% CI -0.11 to 0.02, I2 = 0%), allergic rhinitis (2 studies, 635 infants; RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.25, I2 = 0%; RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.08, I2 = 0%) or food allergy (1 study, 119 infants; RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.19; RD -0.10, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.00; heterogeneity not applicable; NNTB 10, 95% CI 5 to ∞). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that PUFA supplementation in infancy has an effect on infant or childhood allergy, asthma, dermatitis/eczema or food allergy. However, the quality of evidence was very low. There was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schindler
- Royal Hospital for WomenDepartment of Newborn CareBarker StreetRandwickNSWAustralia2031
| | - John KH Sinn
- Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of SydneyDepartment of NeonatologySt. Leonard'sSydneyNew South WalesAustralia2065
| | - David A Osborn
- University of SydneyCentral Clinical School, Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and NeonatologySydneyNSWAustralia2050
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26
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Gazibara T, Elbert NJ, den Dekker HT, de Jongste JC, Reiss I, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne TH, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Pasmans SGMA, Duijts L. Associations of maternal and fetal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with childhood eczema: The Generation R Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:283-9. [PMID: 26683760 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to low levels of vitamin D in fetal life might affect the developing immune system, and subsequently the risk of childhood eczema. We examined whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in mid-gestation and at birth were associated with the risk of eczema until the age of 4 years. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study of 3019 mothers and their children, maternal blood samples in mid-gestation and umbilical cord blood samples at birth were used to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (severely deficient <25.0 nmol/l, deficient 25.0-49.9 nmol/l, sufficient 50.0-74.9 nmol/l, optimal ≥75.0 nmol/l). Eczema was prospectively assessed by annual questionnaires until the age of 4 years. Eczema patterns included never, early (age ≤1 year only), late (age >1 year only), and persistent eczema (age ≤ and >1 year). Data were assessed using the generalized estimating equations and multinomial regression models. RESULTS Compared with the optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D group, sufficient, deficient, and severely deficient groups of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in mid-gestation were not associated with the risk of overall eczema (odds ratios [95% confidence interval]: 1.09 [0.82, 1.43], 1.04 [0.87, 1.25], and 0.94 [0.81, 1.10], p-values for trend >0.05), nor with eczema per year or eczema patterns in children up to the age of 4 years. Similarly, we observed no associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D groups at birth with any eczema outcome. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in mid-gestation and at birth are not associated with the risk of overall eczema, eczema per year, or eczema patterns among children until the age of 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Gazibara
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Niels J Elbert
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman T den Dekker
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwin Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Qld, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Qld, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Qld, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Castro-Rodríguez JA, Krause BJ, Uauy R, Casanello P. [Epigenetics in allergic diseases and asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:88-95. [PMID: 27055949 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases and asthma are the result of complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic disease among children. In this article we review some environmental factors like: allergen exposition, tobacco, bacteria, microbial components, diet, obesity and stress, which influences during intrauterine and infancy life in the epigenetic regulation of asthma and allergic diseases. The review has been done in three models: in-vitro, animal and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Castro-Rodríguez
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile; División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile; División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Willemsen LEM. Dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in allergy prevention and asthma treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:174-186. [PMID: 27041644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The rise in non-communicable diseases, such as allergies, in westernized countries links to changes in lifestyle and diet. N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) present in marine oils facilitate a favorable milieu for immune maturation and may contribute to allergy prevention. N-3 LCPUFA can suppress innate and adaptive immune activation and induce epigenetic changes. Murine studies convincingly show protective effects of fish oil, a source of n-3 LCPUFA, in food allergy and asthma models. Observational studies in human indicate that high dietary intake of n-3 LCPUFA and low intake of n-6 PUFA may protect against the development of allergic disease early in life. High n-6 PUFA intake is also associated with an increased asthma risk while n-3 LCPUFA may be protective and reduce symptoms. The quality of the marine oil used has impact on efficacy of allergy prevention and several observations link in particular n-3 LCPUFA DHA to allergy suppression. Randomized controlled trials indicate that optimal timing, duration and dosage of n-3 LC-PUFA is required to exert an allergy protective effect. Supplementation during early pregnancy and lactation has shown promising results regarding allergy prevention. However these findings should be confirmed in a larger cohort. Although clinical trials in asthma patients reveal no consistent clinical benefits of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on lung function, it can suppress airway inflammation. Future food-pharma approaches may reveal whether adjunct therapy with dietary n-3 LCPUFA can improve allergy prevention or immunotherapy via support of allergen specific oral tolerance induction or contribute to the efficacy of drug therapy for asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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29
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Rucci E, den Dekker HT, de Jongste JC, Steenweg-de-Graaff J, Gaillard R, Pasmans SG, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Duijts L. Maternal fatty acid levels during pregnancy, childhood lung function and atopic diseases. The Generation R Study. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:461-71. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Rucci
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Respiratory Medicine; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - H. T. den Dekker
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Respiratory Medicine; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. C. de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Respiratory Medicine; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. Steenweg-de-Graaff
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - S. G. Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - H. Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - V. W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Respiratory Medicine; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Neonatology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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von Ehrenstein OS, Aralis H, Flores MES, Ritz B. Fast food consumption in pregnancy and subsequent asthma symptoms in young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:571-7. [PMID: 26109272 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent cross-sectional studies suggested children's current fast food consumption to be related to frequency of asthma and allergies. Maternal prenatal diet has been suspected to contribute to children's asthma and atopic disease risks. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that maternal fast food intake during pregnancy increases offspring's risk for asthmatic symptoms. METHODS We conducted a population-based study of 1201 mother/child pairs in Los Angeles, California. Detailed information about prenatal fast food intake and other dietary, lifestyle/environmental factors, and pregnancy was collected shortly after birth; further data were retrieved from birth certificates. Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood core questions, asthma and rhinitis symptoms were assessed, and doctor's diagnoses were recorded in offspring 3.5 years after birth. Poisson regression with robust error variance using a log link function was used to estimate relative risks (RRs). Models were adjusted using covariates or propensity scores. RESULTS Maternal prenatal fast food consumption related to increased relative risks of their children for severe, and current asthma symptoms (wheeze last 12 months combined with doctor's diagnosis) in a dose-dependent manner: 'once a month': RR: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.36, 2.75), 'once a week': 1.26 (0.47, 3.34); '3-4 days a week': 2.17 (0.77, 6.12); and 'every day' 4.46 (1.36 14.6) compared to 'never', adjusting for potential confounders (p for trend = 0.0025). There was also suggestion of increased risks for rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in utero exposure to frequent fast food through maternal diet may be a risk factor for asthmatic symptoms in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S von Ehrenstein
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Aralis
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M E S Flores
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Studies have suggested that maternal PUFA status during pregnancy may influence early childhood allergic diseases, although findings are inconsistent. We examined the relationship between maternal PUFA status and risk of allergic diseases in early childhood in an Asian cohort. Maternal plasma samples from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes mother–offspring cohort were assayed at 26–28 weeks of gestation for relative abundance of PUFA. Offspring (n 960) were followed up from 3 weeks to 18 months of age, and clinical outcomes of potential allergic diseases (rhinitis, eczema and wheezing) were assessed by repeated questionnaires. Skin prick testing (SPT) was also performed at the age of 18 months. Any allergic disease with positive SPT was defined as having any one of the clinical outcomes plus a positive SPT. The prevalence of a positive SPT, rhinitis, eczema, wheezing and any allergic disease with positive SPT was 14·1 % (103/728), 26·5 % (214/808), 17·6 % (147/833), 10·9 % (94/859) and 9·4 % (62/657), respectively. After adjustment for confounders, maternal total n-3, n-6 PUFA status and the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were not significantly associated with offspring rhinitis, eczema, wheezing, a positive SPT and having any allergic disease with positive SPT in the offspring (P>0·01 for all). A weak trend of higher maternal n-3 PUFA being associated with higher risk of allergic diseases with positive SPT in offspring was observed. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the risk of early childhood allergic diseases is modified by variation in maternal n-3 and n-6 PUFA status during pregnancy in an Asian population.
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Harb H, Renz H. Update on epigenetics in allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:15-24. [PMID: 25567039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, including allergies and asthma, are the result of complex gene-environment interactions. One of the most challenging questions in this regard relates to the biochemical mechanism of how exogenous environmental trigger factors modulate and modify gene expression, subsequently leading to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions. Epigenetics comprises the umbrella of biochemical reactions and mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and chromatin modifications on histones and other structures. Recently, several lifestyle and environmental factors have been investigated in terms of such biochemical interactions with the gene expression-regulating machinery: allergens; microbes and microbial compounds; dietary factors, including vitamin B12, folic acid, and fish oil; obesity; and stress. This article aims to update recent developments in this context with an emphasis on allergy and asthma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Harb
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Early origins of chronic obstructive lung diseases across the life course. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:871-85. [PMID: 25537319 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive lung diseases, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have high prevalences and are a major public health concern. Chronic obstructive lung diseases have at least part of their origins in early life. Exposure to an adverse environment during critical periods in early life might lead to permanent developmental adaptations which results in impaired lung growth with smaller airways and lower lung volume, altered immunological responses and related inflammation, and subsequently to increased risks of chronic obstructive lung diseases throughout the life course. Various pathways leading from early life factors to respiratory health outcomes in later life have been studied, including fetal and early infant growth patterns, preterm birth, maternal obesity, diet and smoking, children's diet, allergen exposure and respiratory tract infections, and genetic susceptibility. Data on potential adverse factors in the embryonic and preconception period and respiratory health outcomes are scarce. Also, the underlying mechanisms how specific adverse exposures in the fetal and early postnatal period lead to chronic obstructive lung diseases in later life are not yet fully understood. Current studies suggest that interactions between early environmental exposures and genetic factors such as changes in DNA-methylation and RNA expression patterns may explain the early development of chronic obstructive lung diseases. New well-designed epidemiological studies are needed to identify specific critical periods and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic obstructive lung disease throughout the life course.
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Elaidic, vaccenic, and rumenic acid status during pregnancy: association with maternal plasmatic LC-PUFAs and atopic manifestations in infants. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:470-6. [PMID: 25119335 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored whether fetal exposure to trans fatty acids (TFAs) influences the inception of atopic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of specific TFAs (elaidic, vaccenic, and rumenic acids) in maternal plasma and the risk of developing atopic manifestations in the first year of life. METHODS A subsample from a population-based pregnancy cohort of the INMA Project was analyzed. Maternal intake of fatty acids was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire (75.5% of the cohort). TFAs and n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in samples of plasmatic phospholipids at 12 wk of pregnancy. Information regarding eczema and wheeze in offspring was obtained through questionnaires at ages 6 and 14 mo. RESULTS Elaidic acid correlated negatively with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (total, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), and rumenic acid positively with both n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal plasma. Neither of these two fatty acids was associated with the risk of atopic eczema or wheeze in offspring in the first year of life. However, a higher vaccenic acid level was found to be linked to a lower risk of atopic eczema. CONCLUSION High vaccenic acid concentrations in maternal plasma may protect offspring against atopic eczema in infancy.
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Maslova E, Hansen S. Prenatal Dietary Determinants of Asthma and Related Allergic Disorders in Childhood. Curr Nutr Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ozawa N, Shimojo N, Suzuki Y, Ochiai S, Nakano T, Morita Y, Inoue Y, Arima T, Suzuki S, Kohno Y. Maternal intake of Natto, a Japan's traditional fermented soybean food, during pregnancy and the risk of eczema in Japanese babies. Allergol Int 2014; 63:261-6. [PMID: 24759553 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-oa-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are reports that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect development of babies' eczema. We sought to investigate the association between the maternal diet during pregnancy and the risk of eczema in infancy in Japan. METHODS A birth cohort was set up at 2 hospitals in Chiba city. Dietary habits concerning fish, butter, margarine, yogurt and natto during pregnancy was obtained from mothers just after delivery. The intake frequencies of these foods were classified into four groups: 1) daily, 2) 2-3 times a week, 3) once a week and 4) once a month or less. Diagnosis of eczema at 6 months of age was made by the presence of an itchy rash that persisted more than two months. RESULTS Valid data on 650 mother-baby pairs were obtained. No relationship between frequencies of the maternal intake of fish, margarine and yogurt during pregnancy and the onset rate of the babies' eczema were observed. For butter consumption, the incidence of babies' eczema was significantly higher in the group with daily intake than in those with an intake 2-3 times a week or less (p = 0.044). For natto, incidence of babies' eczema was significantly lower in the group with everyday intake than those eating it 2-3 times a week or less (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS High frequency intake of natto during pregnancy possibly reduces the incidence of eczema in children at 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Ochiai
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiji Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayasu Arima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, National Simoshizu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kohno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Arachidonic acid intake and asthma risk in children and adults: a systematic review of observational studies. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e12. [PMID: 25191604 PMCID: PMC4153330 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of arachidonic acid (ARA) intake on asthma risk is unclear. The objective of the present review was to systematically evaluate available observational studies on the relationship between ARA exposure and asthma risk in children and adults. A PubMed search was conducted on 22 October 2013 and seventy-three publications were checked against predefined criteria for eligibility. To identify additional eligible publications, potentially relevant articles were searched from bibliographies of articles on ARA and asthma. A total of 2924 citations were scrutinised. Finally, fourteen articles were included. A quality assessment was conducted based on the reporting and methodological quality. A meta-analysis was not conducted; therefore, a qualitative assessment is presented. Three high-, two medium- and ten low-quality studies were reviewed. Eleven studies, including two high- and two medium-quality studies, did not find a significant association between ARA exposure and asthma risk. In contrast, one high-quality study indicated a significant trend toward reducing asthma risk in children with decreasing maternal ARA intake (P trend = 0·025), and one low-quality study reported a significant trend of increasing asthma risk with higher blood ARA levels (P trend = 0·007). In two low-quality studies, asthma patients had significantly lower blood ARA levels than controls (both P < 0·05). These studies did not sufficiently demonstrate any relationships between ARA exposure and asthma risk because of the limited number of studies and their methodological limitations. They seem to suggest that ARA exposure is not consistently associated with asthma risk. Nevertheless, further evidence is required to prove or disprove the association.
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Netting MJ, Middleton PF, Makrides M. Does maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation affect outcomes in offspring? A systematic review of food-based approaches. Nutrition 2014; 30:1225-41. [PMID: 25280403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and development of atopic disorders in childhood. METHODS We included studies published up to August 2011 that assessed food-based maternal dietary interventions or that examined associations between maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and/or lactation and allergic outcomes (eczema, asthma, hay fever, and sensitization) in their children. RESULTS We included 42 studies (>40 000 children): 11 intervention studies (including 7 randomized control trials), 26 prospective cohort studies, 4 retrospective cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. In the randomized control trials, no significant difference was noted overall in the prevalence of eczema and asthma in the offspring of women on diets free from common food allergens during pregnancy. The prospective cohorts investigated a large number of potential associations, but reported few significant associations between maternal dietary intake and development of allergy. Maternal diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish, and foods containing vitamin D and Mediterranean dietary patterns were among the few consistent associations with lower risk for allergic disease in their children. Foods associated with higher risk included vegetable oils and margarine, nuts, and fast food. CONCLUSION This review did not find widespread or consistent links between mothers' dietary intake and atopic outcomes in their children. However, maternal consumption of Mediterranean dietary patterns, diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish, and vitamin D-containing foods were suggestive of benefit, requiring further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn J Netting
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philippa F Middleton
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Parazzini F, Cipriani S, Zinetti C, Chatenoud L, Frigerio L, Amuso G, Ciammella M, Di Landro A, Naldi L. Perinatal factors and the risk of atopic dermatitis: a cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:43-50. [PMID: 24313809 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of pregnancy and early events in the newborn on the risk of subsequent atopic dermatitis (AD) during the first year of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective multicenter cohort study of newborns during the first year of life. Newborns identified on random days in three obstetrics departments in the area of Bergamo, Lombardy, Northern Italy, were eligible. At baseline, the mothers were interviewed by medical staff during their stay in hospital after delivery. At 6 and 12 months after delivery, a postal questionnaire was sent to the parents. Relative risks were calculated with and without adjustment by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1081 newborns entered the study: 796 (74%) parents answered the 12-month questionnaire. Hundred and thirty-eight (17%) reported a diagnosis of AD at 6 months and 222 (28%) at 12 months. Parental history of AD and/or asthma was associated with an increased risk of AD (RR 1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.0). Birth weight was slightly associated with an increased risk of AD: RR 1.04, 95%CI 1.001-1.08 (continuous variable, increment of 100 grams). No association emerged between breast feeding, smoking, and risk of AD. CONCLUSIONS This study in an Italian offspring cohort points to family history of atopic diseases and body weight at birth as relevant risk factors. The study was unable to document associations with other perinatal factors particularly breast feeding and parental smoking in the perinatal period.
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Flohr C, Mann J. New insights into the epidemiology of childhood atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2014; 69:3-16. [PMID: 24417229 DOI: 10.1111/all.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing desire to explain the worldwide rise in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD). Trend data on the burden of AD suggest that the picture in the developing world may soon resemble that of wealthier nations, where AD affects over 20% of children. This, combined with significant variations in prevalence within countries, emphasizes the importance of environmental factors. Many hypotheses have been explored, from the modulation of immune priming by hygiene, gut microbiota diversity, and exposure to endotoxins through farm animals to the effects of pollution, climate, and diet. The discovery of the filaggrin skin barrier gene and its importance in AD development and severity has brought the focus on gene-environment interactions and the identification of environmental factors that impact on skin barrier function. This article reviews our current understanding of the epidemiology of AD, with an emphasis on the findings reported in the international literature over the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Flohr
- Departments of Paediatric Dermatology & Children's Allergies; St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and King's College; London UK
| | - J. Mann
- Department of Dermatology; Medway NHS Foundation Trust; Medway Maritime Hospital; Gillingham Kent UK
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Yang H, Xun P, He K. Fish and fish oil intake in relation to risk of asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80048. [PMID: 24265794 PMCID: PMC3827145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although laboratory studies suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs) may reduce risk of asthma, epidemiological data remain controversial and inconclusive. We quantitatively reviewed the epidemiological studies published through December 2012 in PubMed and EMBASE by using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Eleven studies, comprised of 99,093 individuals (3,226 cases), were included in the final dataset. Of them, 7 studies examined associations between intake of fish or LCn3PUFA and risk of asthma: 4 studies in children (996 cases from 12,481 children) and 3 in adults (1,311 cases from 82,553 individuals). Two studies (69 cases from 276 infants) investigated LCn3PUFA levels in mothers' milk, and two studies assessed maternal fish consumption (786 cases from 2,832 individuals) during lactation and/or plasma LCn3PUFA levels during pregnancy (64 cases from 951 infants) in relation to offspring's asthma. The pooled relative risk of child asthma were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61-0.94) for fish consumption and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.52-0.96) for LCn3PUFA intake. No statistically significant association was found in studies among adults. Epidemiological data to date indicate that fish or LCn3PUFA intake may be beneficial to prevent asthma in children. Further studies are needed to establish causal inference and to elucidate the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Arakawa M. Maternal fat intake during pregnancy and wheeze and eczema in Japanese infants: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:674-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hernández E, Barraza-Villarreal A, Escamilla-Núñez MC, Hernández-Cadena L, Sly PD, Neufeld LM, Ramakishnan U, Romieu I. Prenatal determinants of cord blood total immunoglobulin E levels in Mexican newborns. Allergy Asthma Proc 2013; 34:e27-34. [PMID: 23998234 PMCID: PMC3973815 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic diseases have increased worldwide; however, etilogic factors for this increase are still poor. Prenatal consumptions of fatty acids are hypothesized, although few clinical trials in developing countries have been performed. This study was designed to identify predictors of immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in cord blood of Mexican newborns. Total IgE was measured in umbilical cord blood from 613 infants whose mothers participated in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 400 mg of docosahexaenoic acid or placebo from 18 to 22 weeks gestation through delivery. During pregnancy, information on sociodemographic characteristics, environmental exposures, and perceived maternal stress were obtained; a maternal blood sample was also collected to determine atopy via specific IgE levels. Logistic regression models were used to identify the main prenatal predictors of detectable total IgE levels in cord blood. IgE was detectable in cord blood from 344 (53.7%) infants; the main predictors in multivariate analyses were maternal atopy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.42; p < 0.05) and pesticide use in the home (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.14; p < 0.05). When stratified by maternal atopy, season of birth was a significant predictor in the atopic group only (OR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.00-6.16; p < 0.05), and pesticide use was a significant predictor for infants born to nonatopic mothers (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.51; p < 0.05). No differences were seen in the proportion of infants with detectable IgE by treatment group. Prenatal supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid did not alter the detectable cord blood IgE levels. Maternal atopy and pesticide use during pregnancy are strong predictors of cord blood IgE levels in newborns. Clinical trial NCT00646360, www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelia Hernández
- From the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Salud Ambiental, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Peter D. Sly
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Children's Environmental Health, Curtin University of Technology and Centre for Child of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lynnette Marie Neufeld
- From the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Salud Ambiental, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Usha Ramakishnan
- Rolling School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- From the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Salud Ambiental, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- International Agency for Cancer Research, Lyon, France
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Arshad SH, Dharmage SC, Ferreira F, Fixman ED, Gadermaier G, Hauser M, Sampson AP, Teran LM, Wallner M, Wardlaw AJ. Developments in the field of allergy in 2011 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2013. [PMID: 23181787 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As in previous years, we felt it would be of value to our readership to summarize the new information provided by the authors who have published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2011 and set this in the context of recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and management of allergic disease in all its many manifestations. In 2011, about 210 articles were published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy including editorials, reviews, opinion articles, guidelines, letters, book reviews and of course at the heart of the journal, papers containing original data. As before, this review is divided into sections based on the way the journal is structured, although this year we have grouped together all the papers dealing with mechanisms of allergic disease, whether they involve patients (clinical mechanisms), pure in vitro studies (basic mechanisms) or animal models (experimental models), as we felt this was a more coherent way to deal with the subject. In the field of asthma and rhinitis, the relationship between airway inflammation and airway dysfunction was of perennial interest to investigators, as were phenotypes and biomarkers. Aspirin hypersensitivity appeared in studies in several papers and there was new interest in asthma in the elderly. The mechanisms involved in allergic disease describe advances in our understanding of T cell responses, the relationship between inflammation and disease, mast cell and basophil activation, steroid resistance and novel therapies. In the section dealing with epidemiology, studies seeking to identify risk factors for allergic disease including vitamin D are prominent, as once again are studies investigating gene-environment interactions. The clinical allergy section focuses on drug allergy, food allergy and immunotherapy. The area of oral immunotherapy for food allergy is well covered and we were grateful to Stephen Durham for guest editing an outstanding special issue on immunotherapy in the centenary year of Leonard Noon's pioneering work. Lastly, in the field of allergens, the interest in component-resolved diagnosis continues to grow and there are also articles describing important novel cultivars and the effect of food processing on the allergenic properties of foods. Another terrific year, full of important and high-quality work,which the journal has been proud to bring to the allergy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
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Montes R, Chisaguano AM, Castellote AI, Morales E, Sunyer J, López-Sabater MC. Fatty-acid composition of maternal and umbilical cord plasma and early childhood atopic eczema in a Spanish cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:658-63. [PMID: 23549201 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fatty-acid status during in-utero development might influence the risk of atopic diseases in early childhood. The aim of this work was to identify the relationship between maternal plasma and cord blood fatty acid (FA) composition and the risk of atopic eczema in the offspring at 14 months of age. SUBJECTS/METHODS Two hundred and eleven non-atopic mothers and their children were studied. Mothers were recruited in their first trimester of gestation and children were monitored until 14 months of age. Samples of maternal plasma and cord blood plasma were analyzed to determine the FA profile of total lipids. Presence of atopic eczema in the infants was documented through questionnaires at 6 and 14 months of age. RESULTS Higher concentrations of total long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA) were found in maternal plasma of non-atopic children in relation to atopic group. Moreover, this maternal plasma LC-PUFA content was negatively correlated with the atopic eczema (odds ratios (OR)=0.83, P=0.04) in infants. Regarding cord blood samples, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6n3) and the sum of total n-3 and of LC-PUFA n-3 showed a negative correlation with the prevalence of the disease (OR=0.50, 0.49 and 0.49, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the fatty-acid status of the fetus during pregnancy has an important role in the development of atopic eczema in early childhood. The prevalence of this atopic disorder is related to lower cord blood plasma levels of FA belonging to n-3 series, especially DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Antó JM. Recent advances in the epidemiologic investigation of risk factors for asthma: a review of the 2011 literature. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 12:192-200. [PMID: 22422360 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to identify and summarize epidemiologic investigations published during 2011 on the environmental risk factors for asthma. Potentially eligible papers were identified by a MEDLINE search. In total, 1,130 items were retrieved. Based on a broad definition of environment, the following topics were included: obesity, diet, vitamin D, air pollution, farming environment, and social factors. Some of the more relevant contributions included evidence that 1) obesity precedes asthma, 2) fruit consumption is longitudinally associated with a lower risk of asthma and atopy, 3) a comprehensive statewide smoking ban was followed by a reduction in hospital admissions for asthma, 4) asthma is one of the diseases showing the largest burdens due to environmental tobacco smoke, 5) traffic-related urban air pollution is associated with bronchial inflammation as measured by fractional exhaled nitric oxide and uncontrolled asthma, 6) aeroallergens and desert dust may contribute to the short-term effects of air pollution and asthma, and 7) maternal exposure to air pollution before and during pregnancy may alter the immune competence in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Antó
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Spain.
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Fish intake during pregnancy and the risk of child asthma and allergic rhinitis - longitudinal evidence from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1313-25. [PMID: 23473120 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451300038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternal fish intake during pregnancy may influence the risk of child asthma and allergic rhinitis, yet evidence is conflicting on its association with these outcomes. We examined the associations of maternal fish intake during pregnancy with child asthma and allergic rhinitis. Mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort (n 28 936) reported their fish intake at 12 and 30 weeks of gestation. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the associations of fish intake with child wheeze, asthma and rhinitis assessed at several time points: ever wheeze, recurrent wheeze (>3 episodes), ever asthma and allergic rhinitis, and current asthma, assessed at 18 months (n approximately 22,000) and 7 years (n approximately 17,000) using self-report and registry data on hospitalisations and prescribed medications. Compared with consistently high fish intake during pregnancy (fish as a sandwich or hot meal > or equal to 2-3 times/week), never eating fish was associated with a higher risk of child asthma diagnosis at 18 months (OR 1·30, 95% CI 1·05, 1·63, P=0·02), and ever asthma by hospitalisation (OR 1·46, 95% CI 0·99, 2·13, P=0·05) and medication prescription (OR 1·37, 95% CI 1·10, 1·71, P=0·01). A dose-response was present for asthma at 18 months only (P for trend=0·001). We found no associations with wheeze or recurrent wheeze at 18 months or with allergic rhinitis. The results suggest that high (v. no) maternal fish intake during pregnancy is protective against both early and ever asthma in 7-year-old children.
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D'Vaz N, Meldrum SJ, Dunstan JA, Lee-Pullen TF, Metcalfe J, Holt BJ, Serralha M, Tulic MK, Mori TA, Prescott SL. Fish oil supplementation in early infancy modulates developing infant immune responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1206-16. [PMID: 22805468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal fish oil supplementation during pregnancy has been associated with altered infant immune responses and a reduced risk of infant sensitization and eczema. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of early postnatal fish oil supplementation on infant cellular immune function at 6 months of age in the context of allergic disease. METHODS In a double-blind randomized controlled trial (ACTRN12606000281594), 420 infants of high atopic risk received fish oil [containing 280 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 110 mg eicosapentanoic acid (EPA)] or control oil daily from birth to 6 months. One hundred and twenty infants had blood collected at 6 months of age. Fatty acid levels, induced cytokine responses, T cell subsets and monocyte HLA-DR expression were assessed at 6 months of age. Infant allergies were assessed at 6 and 12 months of age. RESULTS DHA and EPA levels were significantly higher in the fish oil group and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) levels were lower (all P < 0.05). Infants in the fish oil group had significantly lower IL-13 responses (P = 0.036) to house dust mite (HDM) and higher IFNγ (P = 0.035) and TNF (P = 0.017) responses to phytohaemaglutinin (PHA). Infants with relatively high DHA levels had lower Th2 responses to allergens including lower IL-13 to β-lactoglobulin (BLG) (P = 0.020), and lower IL-5 to BLG (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Postnatal fish oil supplementation increased infant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and associated with lowered allergen-specific Th2 responses and elevated polyclonal Th1 responses. Our results add to existing evidence of n-3 PUFA having immunomodulatory properties that are potentially allergy-protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D'Vaz
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Protudjer JLP, Sevenhuysen GP, Ramsey CD, Kozyrskyj AL, Becker AB. Low vegetable intake is associated with allergic asthma and moderate-to-severe airway hyperresponsiveness. Pediatr Pulmonol 2012; 47:1159-69. [PMID: 22628152 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, children's diet quality has changed and asthma prevalence has increased, although it remains unclear if these events are associated. OBJECTIVE To examine children's total and component diet quality and asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a proxy for asthma severity. METHODS Food frequency questionnaires adapted from the Nurses' Health Study and supplemented with foods whose nutrients which have garnered interest of late in relation to asthma were administered. From these data, diet quality scores (total and component), based on the Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI adapted) were developed. Asthma assessments were performed by pediatric allergists and classified by atopic status: Allergic asthma (≥1 positive skin prick test to common allergens >3 mm compared to negative control) versus non-allergic asthma (negative skin prick test). AHR was assessed via the Cockcroft technique. Participants included 270 boys (30% with asthma) and 206 girls (33% with asthma) involved in the 1995 Manitoba Prospective Cohort Study nested case-control study. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between diet quality and asthma, and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between diet quality and AHR. RESULTS Four hundred seventy six children (56.7% boys) were seen at 12.6 ± 0.5 years. Asthma and AHR prevalence were 26.2 and 53.8%, respectively. In fully adjusted models, high vegetable intake was protective against allergic asthma (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.84; P < 0.009) and moderate/severe AHR (OR 0.58; 0.37-0.91; P < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Vegetable intake is inversely associated with allergic asthma and moderate/severe AHR.
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