1
|
Tsuboi N. Determinants of the Glomerular Maximal Size Threshold. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:393-395. [PMID: 34315164 DOI: 10.1159/000516612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ichida Y, Ohtomo S, Yamamoto T, Murao N, Tsuboi Y, Kawabe Y, Segawa H, Horiba N, Miyamoto KI, Floege J. Evidence of an intestinal phosphate transporter alternative to type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate transporter in rats with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:68-75. [PMID: 32879980 PMCID: PMC7771979 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphate is absorbed in the small intestine via passive flow and active transport.NaPi-IIb, a type II sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, is considered to mediate active phosphate transport in rodents. To study the regulation of intestinal phosphate transport in chronic kidney disease (CKD), we analyzed the expression levels of NaPi-IIb, pituitary-specific transcription factor 1 (PiT-1) and PiT-2 and the kinetics of intestinal phosphate transport using two CKD models. Methods CKD was induced in rats via adenine orThy1 antibody injection. Phosphate uptake by intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NaPi-IIb, PiT-1 and PiT-2 were analyzed. The protein expression level of NaPi-IIb was measured by mass spectrometry (e.g. liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Results In normal rats, phosphate uptake into BBMV consisted of a single saturable component and its Michaelis constant (Km) was comparable to that of NaPi-IIb. The maximum velocity (Vmax) correlated with mRNA and protein levels of NaPi-IIb. In the CKD models, intestinal phosphate uptake consisted of two saturable components. The Vmax of the higher-affinity transport, which is thought to be responsible for NaPi-IIb, significantly decreased and the decrease correlated with reduced NaPi-IIb expression. The Km of the lower-affinity transport was comparable to that of PiT-1 and -2. PiT-1 mRNA expression was much higher than that of PiT-2, suggesting that PiT-1 was mostly responsible for phosphate transport. Conclusions This study suggests that the contribution of NaPi-IIb to intestinal phosphate absorption dramatically decreases in rats with CKD and that a low-affinity alternative to NaPi-IIb, in particular PiT-1, is upregulated in a compensatory manner in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ichida
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohtomo
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tessai Yamamoto
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoaki Murao
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsuboi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoshi Horiba
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cove-Smith A, Sharpe CC, Shattock MJ, Hendry BM. Ion-Channel modulator TH1177 reduces glomerular injury and serum creatinine in chronic mesangial proliferative disease in rats. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:187. [PMID: 32429914 PMCID: PMC7236127 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background T-type calcium channels (TTCC) are involved in mesangial cell proliferation. In acute thy-1 nephritis in the rat TTCC inhibition reduces glomerular damage and cell proliferation. This work is extended here by a study of the non-selective TTCC inhibitor TH1177 in a chronic model of proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) including late treatment starting after the initial inflammation has resolved. The objective was to determine the effects of TH1177 in a model of chronic mesangioproliferative renal disease. Methods Chronic GN was induced in WKY rats by unilateral nephrectomy (day − 7) followed by day 0 injection of Ox7 thy-1 mAb. Treatment with TH1177 (10–20 mg/Kg daily IP) was started on day 2 (early treatment) or on day 14 (late treatment) and compared to vehicle-treated controls until sacrifice at day 42. Glomerular disease was assessed with a damage score, fibrosis assay, cellular counts and renal function measured by serum creatinine. Results Treatment with TH11777 was associated with reduced serum creatinine, less glomerular damage, reduced fibrosis and reduced glomerular cellularity. The results for early and late TH1177 treatments were essentially the same and differed significantly from vehicle. Conclusions The ion-channel modulator TH1177 is capable of improving glomerular outcome in chronic rat GN even when treatment starts 14 days after initiation of the disease. These data are discussed in the context of the possible targets of TH1177 including TTCC, TRP family, Stim/Orai group and other cation channels. The work supports the use of genetic models to examine the roles of individual cation channels in progressive glomerulonephritis to further define the targets of TH1177.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cove-Smith
- Renal Sciences, Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Renal Medicine 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.,Barts Health Renal Centre, The Royal London Hospital, E1 1BB, London, UK
| | - Claire C Sharpe
- Renal Sciences, Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Renal Medicine 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- Cardiovascular Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Bruce M Hendry
- Renal Sciences, Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Renal Medicine 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han KH, Kim B, Ji SC, Kang HG, Cheong HI, Cho JY, Ha IS. Mechanism of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Novel Biomarkers: A Metabolomic Analysis of Experimental Glomerulonephritis. Metabolites 2020; 10:E169. [PMID: 32344531 PMCID: PMC7240957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While a complex network of cellular and molecular events is known to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the divergence point between reversal and progression and the event that triggers CKD progression are still unknown. To understand the different mechanisms between reversible and irreversible kidney disease and to search for urinary biomarkers that can predict prognosis, a metabolomic analysis was applied to compare acute and chronic experimental glomerulonephritis (GN) models. Four metabolites, namely, epoxyoctadecenoic acid (EpOME), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and hydroxyretinoic acid, were identified as predictive markers after comparing the chronic nephritis model with acute nephritis and control groups (false discovery rate adjusted p-value (q-value) < 0.05). Renal mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase was also identified as being involved in the production of epoxide metabolites from these polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the progression of chronic kidney disease is associated with abnormally activated epoxide hydrolase, leading to an increase in EpOME and EpETE as pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hee Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Aran 13gil 15, Jeju-si, Jeju 63241, Korea;
| | - Bora Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Il-Soo Ha
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsuboi Y, Ohtomo S, Ichida Y, Hagita H, Ozawa K, Iida M, Nagao S, Ikegami H, Takahashi T, Horiba N. EOS789, a novel pan-phosphate transporter inhibitor, is effective for the treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder. Kidney Int 2020; 98:343-354. [PMID: 32624180 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is characterized as impaired renal function along with the imbalance and dysregulation of mineral metabolism; recognized as chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Hyperphosphatemia, characterized by altered phosphate homeostasis along with elevated fibroblast growth factor-23 and intact parathyroid hormone, is such an alteration of mineral metabolism. We discovered a novel inhibitor, EOS789, that interacts with several sodium-dependent phosphate transporters (NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, and PiT-2) known to contribute to intestinal phosphate absorption. This inhibitor dose-dependently increased the fecal phosphorus excretion rate and inversely decreased the urinary phosphorus excretion rate in normal rats, suggesting inhibition of intestinal phosphorus absorption. In rats with adenine-induced hyperphosphatemia, EOS789 markedly decreased the serum phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23, and intact parathyroid hormone below values found in normal control rats. Notably, this pan-phosphate transporter inhibitor exhibited a more potent effect on serum phosphate than a NaPi-IIb-selective inhibitor in rats with hyperphosphatemia indicating that PiT-1 and PiT-2 play important roles in intestinal phosphate absorption. Moreover, in a long-term study, EOS789 sustained the suppression of serum phosphorus in parallel with fibroblast growth factor-23 and intact parathyroid hormone and ameliorated ectopic calcification of the thoracic aorta. Additionally, EOS789 treatment also ameliorated kidney deterioration in rats with progressive kidney injury, probably due to the strict phosphate control. Thus, EOS789 has potent efficacy against hyperphosphatemia and its complications and could provide a significant benefit to patients who are ineffectively treated with phosphate binders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tsuboi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohtomo
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ichida
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hagita
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Ozawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manami Iida
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nagao
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikegami
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Takahashi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Horiba
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu T, Fan Z, Hou J, Qi X, Guo M, Ju J, Yang Y, Gu C. Loquat leaf polysaccharides improve glomerular injury in rats with anti-Thy 1 nephritis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3531-3542. [PMID: 31312364 PMCID: PMC6614611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic glomerulonephritis frequently develops into renal failure that cannot be completely cured. Based on the success of anti-inflammatory Chinese herbs in treating chronic nephritis, our goal was to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of loquat leaf polysaccharides (LLPS) on chronic anti-Thy-1 nephritis. A rat model of glomerulonephritis was used to study the effects of 8 weeks of enalapril or LLPS treatment. Twenty-four-hour rat urinary protein excretions were measured every week for 8 weeks. Then, all animals were sacrificed, renal-related biochemical parameters were analyzed, and histology and electron microscopy examinations of renal tissue samples were conducted. Renal cortex tissue was used to detect markers of renal fibrosis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and in vitro experiments explored the signaling pathway involved in LLPS treatment effects. Compared with the disease control group, LLPS treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, reduced urinary protein excretion, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix hyperplasia, and attenuated the expression of proteins associated with podocyte injury and renal fibrosis. RNA-seq results showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a potential signaling pathway involved in LLPS treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. Increases in PPARα and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) caused by glomerulonephritis were inhibited by LLPS in vitro. Furthermore, when an agonist of PPARα (BMS-687453) was used to stimulate PPARα activity, LLPS treatment suppressed the expression of fibrosis factor PAI-1 partially via PPARα inhibition. These findings demonstrate that LLPS improved glomerular injury in rats with anti-Thy 1 nephritis via the PPARα pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210001, China
| | - Jianhao Hou
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, China
- School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Y, Wang ZP, Gao SH, Ren HQ, Zhong RQ, Chen WS. The effects of Salvia przewalskii total phenolic acid extract on immune complex glomerulonephritis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2153-2160. [PMID: 29025319 PMCID: PMC6130473 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1383486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salvia przewalskii Maxim. (Lamiaceae) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of S. przewalskii total phenolic acid extract (SPE) on immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICG) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two Wistar rats were randomized into six groups. ICG was induced in all groups except normal control group. SPE was administered intragastrically at 24 h intervals for 40 consecutive days. Urine protein (UP), total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin (SA), serum cholesterol (SC) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) were measured one day before, on day 20 and 40 after SPE administration. On day 40 after SPE administration, the kidneys were removed and prepared into pathologic sections. In addition, kidney wet mass was measured for calculating the kidney wet mass coefficient (KWMC). RESULTS UP excretion was reduced significantly on day 20 after SPE administration in all three SPE groups as compared with that in medium group, and this effect was observable continuously until 40 days after SPE administration. Compared with medium group, TSP and SA were increased in all three SPE groups after 40 days treatment, while SC and SUN were decreased. KWMC was decreased significantly in 100 mg/kg SPE group after 40 days treatment compared with that in medium group. Histopathologic analyses showed that renal inflammatory infiltration and kidney intumesce were alleviated in all three SPE groups. CONCLUSIONS SPE may be a potential therapeutic drug for glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
- Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The 97th Hospital of CPLA), Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Hong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qi Ren
- Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The 97th Hospital of CPLA), Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren-Qian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Michel MC, Brunner HR, Foster C, Huo Y. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of vascular, cardiac, metabolic and renal disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:1-81. [PMID: 27130806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) in various animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and renal function and morphology. Those of azilsartan and telmisartan have been included comprehensively whereas those of other ARBs have been included systematically but without intention of completeness. ARBs as a class lower blood pressure in established hypertension and prevent hypertension development in all applicable animal models except those with a markedly suppressed renin-angiotensin system; blood pressure lowering even persists for a considerable time after discontinuation of treatment. This translates into a reduced mortality, particularly in models exhibiting marked hypertension. The retrieved data on vascular, cardiac and renal function and morphology as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism are discussed to address three main questions: 1. Can ARB effects on blood vessels, heart, kidney and metabolic function be explained by blood pressure lowering alone or are they additionally directly related to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system? 2. Are they shared by other inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors? 3. Are some effects specific for one or more compounds within the ARB class? Taken together these data profile ARBs as a drug class with unique properties that have beneficial effects far beyond those on blood pressure reduction and, in some cases distinct from those of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The clinical relevance of angiotensin receptor-independent effects of some ARBs remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Dept. Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Dept. Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany.
| | | | - Carolyn Foster
- Retiree from Dept. of Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Yong Huo
- Dept. Cardiology & Heart Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maruyama T, Fukuda N, Matsumoto T, Kano K, Endo M, Kazama M, Kazama T, Ikeda J, Matsuda H, Ueno T, Abe M, Okada K, Soma M, Matsumoto K, Kawachi H. Systematic implantation of dedifferentiated fat cells ameliorated monoclonal antibody 1-22-3-induced glomerulonephritis by immunosuppression with increases in TNF-stimulated gene 6. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:80. [PMID: 25889917 PMCID: PMC4455708 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been reported to repair tissue injuries through anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. We established dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells that show identical characteristics to MSCs. METHODS We examined the effects of 10(6) of DFAT cells infused through renal artery or tail vein on monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1-22-3-induced glomerulonephritis (as an immunological type of renal injury) and adriamycin-induced nephropathy (as a non-immunological type of renal injury) in rats. The mAb 1-22-3-injected rats were also implanted with 10(6) of DFAT cells transfected with TSG-6 siRNA through tail vein. RESULTS Although DFAT cells transfused into blood circulation through the tail vein were trapped mainly in lungs without reaching the kidneys, implantation of DFAT cells reduced proteinuria and improved glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Implantation of DFAT cells through the tail vein significantly decreased expression of kidney injury molecule-1, collagen IV and fibronectin mRNAs, whereas nephrin mRNA expression was increased. Implantation of DFAT cells did not improve adriamycin-induced nephropathy, but significantly decreased the glomerular influx of macrophages, common leukocytes and pan T cells. However, the glomerular influx of helper T cells, was increased. Implantation of DFAT cells decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12β mRNAs and increased expression of TNF-stimulated gene (TSG)-6 mRNA in renal cortex from mAb 1-22-3-injected rats. The basal level of TSG-6 protein was significantly higher in DFAT cells than in fibroblasts. Expression of TSG-6 mRNA in MCs cocultured with DFAT cells was significantly higher than in mesangial cells or DFAT cells alone. Systematic implantation of DFAT cells with TSG-6 siRNA through tail vein did not improve proteinuria, renal dysfunction and renal degeneration in the mAb 1-22-3-injected rats. CONCLUSION Systematic implantation of DFAT cells effectively ameliorated mAb 1-22-3-induced glomerulonephritis through immunosuppressive effects accompanied by the suppression of macrophage infiltration and expression of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β, and increased production of serum and renal TSG-6 that improved the mAb 1-22-3-induced renal degeneration by the immunosuppressive effects of TSG-6. Thus DFAT cells will be suitable cell source for the treatment of immunological progressive renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maruyama
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Advanced Research Institute of the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Kano
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Morito Endo
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Minako Kazama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Kazama
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jin Ikeda
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Okada
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Transgelin is a marker of repopulating mesangial cells after injury and promotes their proliferation and migration. J Transl Med 2012; 92:812-26. [PMID: 22469697 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) migration is essential during glomerular repair and kidney development. The aim of the study was to identify marker/player for glomerular progenitor/reserve cells migrating into the glomerulus after MC injury and during glomerulogenesis in the rat. Experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intravenous injection of OX-7 antibody. We investigated mRNA expression profiles in isolated glomeruli from on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 after induction of anti-Thy1 nephritis using Affymetrix microarray technology. Using self-organizing maps, transgelin was identified as a new marker for repopulating glomerular cells. Expression of transgelin during anti-Thy1 nephritis was investigated by northern blot, real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Migration and proliferation assays using isolated MCs after transgelin knockdown by siRNA were performed to investigate the potential role of transgelin during glomerular repopulation. Transgelin mRNA was not detected in healthy glomeruli. It was strongly upregulated during the repopulation process starting on day 1, continued to be increased until day 5 and disappeared on day 7. Transgelin was specifically expressed at the edge of the migratory front during glomerular repopulation as indicated by transgelin/OX-7 double staining. Transgelin expression was similar in migrating vs non-migrating MCs in vitro. Blocking of transgelin expression by siRNA treatment resulted in inhibition of MC migration and proliferation. Transgelin was also expressed in MCs during glomerulogenesis and in biopsies from patients with IgA nephritis. In conclusion, transgelin in the kidney is upregulated in repopulating MCs in vivo and supports their migratory and proliferative repair response after injury.
Collapse
|
11
|
Takase O, Hishikawa K, Kamiura N, Nakakuki M, Kawano H, Mizuguchi K, Fujita T. Eicosapentaenoic acid regulates IκBα and prevents tubulointerstitial injury in kidney. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 669:128-35. [PMID: 21871881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is well known to prevent the progression of IgA nephropathy. However, the mechanism through which fish oil prevents the progression of renal injury remains uncertain. We tried to clarify the effects of EPA on tubulointerstitial injury in the kidney both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the effects of EPA, especially to focus on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), using Thy-1 nephritis models. Also the mechanism of EPA was investigated using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). In Thy-1 nephritis models, EPA significantly inhibited tubulointerstitial injury and the infiltration of macrophages into tubulointerstitial lesions except severe glomerular injury at early stage. Compared with control animals, NF-κB activation was significantly augmented in the Thy-1 nephritic kidney. However, treatment with EPA significantly reduced NF-κB activation, down-regulated the expressions of NF-κB-dependent molecules. Also in LPS-stimulated PTECs, LPS augmented NF-κB activation and the expression of NF-κB-dependent molecules. As in the case with the Thy-1 nephritis models, treatment with EPA inhibited them, prevented the degradation of IκBα in LPS-stimulated PTECs. Pre-treatment with siRNA for IκBα abolished the inhibitory effect of EPA on LPS-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting that EPA inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating IκBα. Our results indicate that EPA prevents the early progression of tubulointerstitial injury in Thy-1 nephritis models, and the inhibitory effect of EPA on the expression of inflammatory molecules via the regulation of IκBα in cultured cells may explain this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takase
- Department of Clinical Renal Regeneration, and Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kusano K, Saito H, Segawa H, Fukushima N, Miyamoto KI. Mutant FGF23 prevents the progression of chronic kidney disease but aggravates renal osteodystrophy in uremic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:99-105. [PMID: 19436134 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the important factors that accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease. Phosphorus restriction or phosphate binders have been reported to have the ability to prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease. FGF23 is a circulating factor that regulates renal phosphorus reabsorption and 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. We focused on the phosphaturic activity of FGF23 and investigated whether a pharmacological dose of FGF23 is beneficial to the progression of renal insufficiency in uremic rats. To this end, we administered one of the mutant FGF23 expression plasmids into irreversible Thy1 rats. Chronic renal failure rats were established by intravenous injection of anti-rat CD90 (Thy1.1) monoclonal antibody to unilaterally nephrectomized Wistar rats. The rats were then intravenously injected every 2 wk with a naked DNA solution containing 10 microg of MOCK vector or a mutant FGF23 expression plasmid for 13 wk. Renal function was assessed biochemically and histopathologically. Mutant FGF23 significantly decreased serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen. The marked glomerular sclerosis observed in uremic rats receiving the MOCK vector was ameliorated in rats treated with mutant FGF23. However, mutant FGF23 not only significantly decreased serum 1,25(OH)(2)D and calcium but also aggravated high-turnover renal osteodystrophy from extremely high levels of PTH. These results might be a result of the mechanisms of FGF23 such as phosphaturic activity and lowering the level of 1,25(OH)(2)D. In conclusion, mutant FGF23 prevented the progression of chronic renal failure by regulating serum phosphorus but aggravated renal osteodystrophy from the lowered levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kusano
- Pharmaceutical Research Deptartment I, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
LI P, KAWACHI H, ORIKASA M, SHI ZS, SHIMIZU F. Effect of Sairei-to on irreversible glomerular sclerotic lesions in rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Huang Y, Border WA, Yu L, Zhang J, Lawrence DA, Noble NA. A PAI-1 mutant, PAI-1R, slows progression of diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:329-38. [PMID: 18216319 PMCID: PMC2396741 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been implicated in renal fibrosis. In vitro, PAI-1 inhibits plasmin generation, and this decreases mesangial extracellular matrix turnover. PAI-1R, a mutant PAI-1, increases glomerular plasmin generation, reverses PAI-1 inhibition of matrix degradation, and reduces disease in experimental glomerulonephritis. This study sought to determine whether short-term administration of PAI-1R could slow the progression of glomerulosclerosis in the db/db mouse, a model of type 2 diabetes in which mesangial matrix accumulation is evident by 20 wk of age. Untreated uninephrectomized db/db mice developed progressive albuminuria and mesangial matrix expansion between weeks 20 and 22, associated with increased renal mRNA encoding alpha1(I) and (IV) collagens and fibronectin. Treatment with PAI-1R prevented these changes without affecting body weight, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, creatinine, or creatinine clearance; therefore, PAI-1R may prevent progression of glomerulosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Huang
- Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
KUSANO K, SEGAWA H, OHNISHI R, FUKUSHIMA N, MIYAMOTO KI. Role of Low Protein and Low Phosphorus Diet in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Uremic Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2008; 54:237-43. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.54.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Plank C, Ostreicher I, Hartner A, Marek I, Struwe FG, Amann K, Hilgers KF, Rascher W, Dötsch J. Intrauterine growth retardation aggravates the course of acute mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in the rat. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1974-82. [PMID: 17051140 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) aggravates the course of acute mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) in the rat. Observational studies in children suggest that IUGR may be associated with a severe course of kidney diseases such as IgA nephropathy. We tested the hypothesis that IUGR leads to aggravation of acute mesangioproliferative GN in former IUGR rats. IUGR was induced in Wistar rats by isocaloric protein restriction in pregnant dams. Litter size was reduced to six male neonates in low protein animals (LP) and normal protein animals (NP). At 8 weeks GN was induced by injection of an anti-Thy-1.1 antibody. Rats were killed on days 4 and 14 after induction of GN and kidneys were investigated for inflammation and sclerosis using real-time polymerase chain reaction and histological methods. On day 4 after induction of GN, LP animals showed more glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial lesions. On day 14, inflammatory markers (expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, osteopontin, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6), extracellular matrix accumulation and markers of sclerosis (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression, transforming growth factor-beta1 expression, score for glomerulosclerosis, glomerular deposition of collagen I and collagen IV) were more severe in LP animals. Some degree of induction of inflammatory and profibrotic markers was also present in non-nephritic LP animals. However, these rats did not display marked glomerulosclerosis or interstitial fibrosis. We conclude that after IUGR inflammatory damage is aggravated and the reparation of the kidney is impaired during the course of acute mesangioproliferative GN, leading to more sclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Plank
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuroda T, Tanioka H, Masui M, Ito M, Notoya M, Shinosaki T. Altered expression of matrix-related molecules in the development of chronic Thy1.1 nephritis. Nephron Clin Pract 2006; 104:e169-82. [PMID: 17028444 DOI: 10.1159/000096068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Matrix production and degradation are critically important in chronic nephritis. Our aim was to investigate the precise expression of matrix-related molecules which is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of renal disease. METHODS Chronic nephritis was induced by a single injection of anti-Thy1.1 antibody to unilaterally nephrectomized rats. RNA was extracted from renal cortex and isolated glomeruli 4, 7, and 10 weeks after the antibody injection. Matrix-related gene expressions were measured by polymerase chain reaction. The expression of alpha1(IV) and alpha3(IV) collagens was studied by immunohistochemistry. The gelatinolytic activity in the glomeruli was assayed by gelatin zymography. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction revealed an increase of alpha1(IV) in both glomeruli and renal cortex from nephritic rats. In contrast, the expression of alpha3(IV), normally a component of the glomerular basement membrane, was decreased in nephritic animals. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the finding that alpha1(IV) and alpha3(IV) were up- and downregulated, respectively, in the glomeruli. Gene expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 were enhanced, while those of matrix metalloproteinase 9 were clearly suppressed in nephritis. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of alpha3(IV) and enhancement of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in the glomeruli may contribute to the glomerular damage by altering the glomerular basement membrane components. Impairment of the glomerular basement membrane integrity may possibly be implicated in irreversible renal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kuroda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aben JA, Ijpelaar DH, Baelde H, Worley P, Noble N, Bruijn JA, de Heer E. Glomerular expression of neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin precedes the development of anti-Thy-1-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1279-86. [PMID: 16900090 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although it is clear that genetic predispositions play a role in progressive glomerulosclerosis, identification of specific genes is difficult because of natural genetic heterogeneity among individuals. We have reported a differential susceptibility to progressive glomerulosclerosis after induction of experimental glomerulonephritis anti-Thy-1 nephritis in Lewis rat substrains. Glomerular lesions in Lewis/Møllegard rats resolve spontaneously, whereas Lewis/Maastricht (Lew/Maa) rats develop progressive glomerulosclerosis. This predisposition for progressive glomerulosclerosis is governed by unknown genes that are expressed by renal cells. Here, differential gene expression analysis using a rat complementary DNA micro array revealed neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin (Narp) as a candidate gene involved in the remodeling or progression of damaged glomeruli. Glomerular Narp mRNA expression was monitored during disease in both Lewis sub strains. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Narp protein is exclusively expressed in Lew/Maa glomeruli 7 and 14 days after induction of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Double-immunofluorescent staining showed that proliferating mesangial cells and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) at sites of adhesion to podocytes are partially Narp-positive, whereas podocytes fail to express Narp. Immunohistochemistry in nephritic Wistar, unilaterally nephrectomized Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats showed that Narp protein is present only in strains that develop progressive glomerulosclerosis but never in strains that show remodeling. We conclude that Narp is a predictor for anti-Thy-1 nephritis-induced glomerulosclerosis and its expression by PECs may be involved in the progression to glomerulosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Aben
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsuji M, Monkawa T, Yoshino J, Asai M, Fukuda S, Kawachi H, Shimizu F, Hayashi M, Saruta T. Microarray analysis of a reversible model and an irreversible model of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Kidney Int 2006; 69:996-1004. [PMID: 16528249 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A single intravenous injection of anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1-22-3 is known to cause reversible mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. However, mAb 1-22-3 injection followed by unilateral nephrectomy leads to progressive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial change with an irreversible course. To identify genes that play an important role in the irreversible progression of renal injury, we used microarray technology to identify differences in gene expression between these models. Rats were intravenously injected with mAb 1-22-3 1 week after unilateral nephrectomy (irreversible model) or a sham operation (reversible model), and rats were killed on days 4, 7, 14, 42, and 56 after the injection. complementary DNA probes prepared from kidney messenger RNAs were hybridized with oligonucleotide microarrays containing 4854 rat genes. The microarray identified 189 differentially expressed genes, having at least a two-fold difference in expression level between the two models, and they were classified into five clusters. One of the clusters consisted of genes whose expression was markedly upregulated in the irreversible model. This cluster included the genes encoding osteopontin, kidney injury molecule-1, and thymosin beta10. Increased expression of thymosin beta10 was localized mainly in macrophages in the fibrotic interstitium, and upregulation of thymosin beta10 expression was also observed in a unilateral ureteral obstruction model. The microarray analysis yielded information on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the difference in disease progression between the reversible and irreversible model of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Thymosin beta10 may play an important role in the progression of kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tsuji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Plank C, Hartner A, Klanke B, Geissler B, Porst M, Amann K, Hilgers KF, Rascher W, Dötsch J. Adrenomedullin reduces mesangial cell number and glomerular inflammation in experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2006; 68:1086-95. [PMID: 16105039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a vasodilator peptide that is abundantly expressed in the kidney. ADM has antiproliferative effects on glomerular mesangial cells (MC) in vitro. Whether or not treatment with ADM can reduce MC proliferation in vivo [i.e., in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN)] is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ADM substitution reduces MC proliferation in GN. METHODS GN in rats was induced by injection of an anti-Thy-1.1 antibody. Rats received osmotic minipumps, which continuously delivered rat ADM (500 ng/hour, N = 11), or vehicle (N = 13) from day 3 to day 6 after GN induction. Rats were sacrificed 6 days after induction of GN. On kidney sections, cells staining positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, mesangial cells, monocytes, and apoptotic cells were counted. Parameters of inflammation and fibrosis were measured in renal cortex and sieved glomeruli by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Systolic blood pressure, diuresis, albuminuria, creatinine clearance, microaneurysm formation, and mesangial matrix expansion were not influenced by ADM infusion. However, ADM treatment significantly reduced the number of MC, showed a tendency to reduce total glomerular cell proliferation, and significantly increased apoptosis. ADM-treated GN animals showed significantly less glomerular monocyte infiltration. ADM treatment normalized transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 mRNA expression and reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), osteopontin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), collagen I, and collagen III mRNA expression significantly. CONCLUSION Exogenous ADM infusion reduces MC number and glomerular monocyte infiltration in the state of mesangial proliferation during acute experimental mesangioproliferative GN. These findings indicate that ADM can influence the course of mesangioproliferative GN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Plank
- Department of Pediatrics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Daniel C, Renders L, Amann K, Schulze-Lohoff E, Hauser IA, Hugo C. Mechanisms of everolimus-induced glomerulosclerosis after glomerular injury in the rat. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:2849-61. [PMID: 16302997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the lack of nephrotoxicity, adverse effects of the new antiproliferative immunosuppressant everolimus have been reported. By varying time point and dose of everolimus treatment as well as the degree of glomerular injury, the specific conditions and potential mechanisms leading to adverse actions in the anti-Thy1 model have been determined. Only the combination of early and high-dose everolimus treatment (1-3 mg/kg bw) with a severe glomerular lesion ('full-dose' anti-Thy1 model) caused adverse effects with a high mortality rate, progressive apoptosis, crescent formation and glomerulosclerosis. In contrast, either later start or low-dose (0.3 mg/kg bw) therapy or treatment of a less severe lesion ('reduced dose' anti-Thy1 model) appeared to be relatively safe for the glomerular architecture. The adverse effects of everolimus were linked to its marked inhibition of endothelial cell, but not necessarily mesangial cell proliferation. In addition, everolimus markedly inhibited the angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor in nephritic glomeruli in vivo. These experimental results suggest special caution regarding the use of everolimus in all situations of severe glomerular cell injury requiring extensive capillary repair, where at least adaption to a low dose needs to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Daniel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tomita M, Sogabe H, Nakazato S, Nakatsuji S, Noto T, Hamada K, Kawachi H, Shimizu F, Matsuo M, Mutoh S. Monoclonal antibody 1-22-3-induced glomerulonephritis in uninephrectomized rats as a model of progressive renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20:2358-67. [PMID: 16091375 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are few available animal models of progressive renal failure originating from mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). In the current study, we examined the usefulness of anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1-22-3-induced GN in uninephrectomized rats as a model of progressive renal failure by analysing the similarities to human disease. METHODS GN was induced by intravenous injection of mAb 1-22-3 into uninephrectomized male Wistar rats. The natural course of the disease was analysed in this model for 47 weeks. The effect of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on renal functional outcome was also examined in this model for 23 weeks, beginning from 1 week after antibody injection. RESULTS Injection of mAb 1-22-3 induced a persistent proteinuria during the entire study period. Animals showed a progressive decline in renal function and 63% died by week 47. Severe glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions were consistently observed. Treatment with captopril significantly inhibited increases in proteinuria and blood pressure, and attenuated renal injury. Captopril also retarded the progression of renal failure, and decreased mortality. Finally, the level of proteinuria was significantly correlated with the rate of decline in renal function, and the reduction in proteinuria by captopril was accompanied by a slower progression of renal failure. CONCLUSIONS The mAb 1-22-3-induced GN in a uninephrectomized rat model simulates the clinical manifestations of human disease, indicating that this model may be useful for studying progressive renal failure and for investigating new therapeutic strategies against renal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tomita
- Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sakai N, Iseki K, Suzuki S, Mori T, Hagino S, Zhang Y, Yokoya S, Kawasaki Y, Suzuki J, Isome M, Wada I, Homma Y, Suzuki H. Uninephrectomy induces progressive glomerulosclerosis and apoptosis in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis. Pathol Int 2005; 55:19-26. [PMID: 15660699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the anti-Thy1 antibody in rats induces reversible glomerulonephritis resembling human mesangiolytic and mesangioproliferative diseases. The purpose of the present study was to design a model of irreversible glomerulosclerosis, using the anti-Thy1 antibody injection after uninephrectomy, and examine it, focusing on apoptosis in the process of progressive sclerotic changes. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: one-kidney groups (group I and III) and a two-kidney group (group II). All groups were injected with the anti-Thy1 antibody (OX-7) at day 0, and group I and III were uninephrectomized at day -6. Only group III rats were given a half dose of OX-7 as compared with group I and II. Rats were killed for histological examinations at days 7, 14 and 30. In group I, progressive glomerular lesions, such as glomerular adhesion to Bowman's capsule, crescent formation, and collapse of capillary tufts were observed at days 14 and 30. No significant differences were observed in the pathological findings between group I and III. There was a significantly higher number of glomerular terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells in group I as compared to group II at days 7 and 14. Moreover, the glomerular expression of transforming growth factor-beta, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan significantly increased in group I as compared to group II at days 7 and 14. Progressive glomerulosclerosis can be induced in the rat by a single injection of the anti-Thy1 antibody after unilateral nephrectomy. It is suggested that apoptosis and extracellular matrix accumulation play an important role in the development of glomerulosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leh S, Vaagnes Ø, Margolin SB, Iversen BM, Forslund T. Pirfenidone and candesartan ameliorate morphological damage in mild chronic anti-GBM nephritis in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 20:71-82. [PMID: 15561744 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antifibrotic substance pirfenidone and the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil, given alone and in combination, were tested in rats with chronic anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN). METHODS Male Wistar rats with anti-GBM GN were treated for 8 weeks with candesartan (4 mg/kg body weight/day), pirfenidone (500 mg/kg body weight/day) or a combination of both drugs. One GN group received no treatment and untreated non-GN-rats were used as controls. Blood pressure and urinary protein excretion were measured after 3 and 7 weeks. Kidney histology was complemented by ultrastructural investigation and by quantification of collagen Ialpha mRNA. RESULTS The percentage of glomeruli with adsorption droplets in podocytes correlated well with the amount of proteinuria (r = 0.873, P<0.01) and was significantly lowered in rats treated with candesartan (8.3 vs GN 24.6%), pirfenidone (9.8%) and combined treatment (2.6%, P<0.05 vs candesartan alone). A comparable lowering was seen for segmental sclerosis (GN 11%, candesartan 0.7%, P<0.05 vs GN, pirfenidone 1.8%, P = 0.09 vs GN, candesartan/pirfenidone 0.1%, P>0.5 vs candesartan alone). Cortical collagen Ialpha mRNA expression was significantly decreased in all treatment groups. Ultrastructural investigation showed an amelioration of basement membrane alterations and podocyte damage in the treatment groups. Candesartan caused significant blood pressure reduction and the effect was significantly enhanced by combination therapy after 3 weeks. Rats treated with pirfenidone showed blood pressure values similar to control rats. CONCLUSION Pirfenidone has a beneficial effect on morphological changes in anti-GBM GN comparable with candesartan although with a trend to slightly better results with candesartan treatment. Moreover, our results suggest an additive effect of combination treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Leh
- Renal Research Group, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
International Society of Nephrology. Kidney Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.90662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Matsuda M, Shikata K, Shimizu F, Suzuki Y, Miyasaka M, Kawachi H, Kawashima H, Wada J, Sugimoto H, Shikata Y, Ogawa D, Tojo SJ, Akima K, Makino H. Therapeutic effect of sulphated hyaluronic acid, a potential selectin-blocking agent, on experimental progressive mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. J Pathol 2002; 198:407-14. [PMID: 12375274 DOI: 10.1002/path.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The initial event in the process of leukocyte infiltration is characterized by leukocyte rolling on the surface of the endothelium, which is mediated by selectins. P- and L-selectin bind to the sulphated sugar chains of their natural ligands, including sulphated glycolipids such as sulphatide. Recently, it has been demonstrated that sulphated glycolipids and sulphated oligosaccharides interfere with selectin binding pathways. This study synthesized sulphated hyaluronic acid (SHA), which is a potential selectin-blocking agent, and examined its therapeutic effect on the experimental progressive mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody (1-22-3 MAb) after unilateral nephrectomy. The selectin-inhibitory effect of SHA in vitro was confirmed. SHA inhibited the binding of P- and L-selectin to sulphatide, which is a glycolipid ligand for P- and L-selectin, at a concentration of 1.5 micro g/ml and 100 micro g/ml. Immunohistochemical examination showed that P-selectin was up-regulated in the glomeruli in the 1-22-3 MAb nephritis model, while the ligands for L-selectin were not detected in the glomerular tufts. A single administration of SHA ameliorated proteinuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration in 24 h after the injection of anti-Thy-1 MAb. Anti-P-selectin MAb, but not anti-L-selectin MAb, inhibited proteinuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration. To examine further the therapeutic effect of SHA on chronic glomerulonephritis, SHA was administered daily from day 3 to day 14 in this model. Proteinuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration were significantly diminished in SHA-treated rats on day 14. These results suggest that SHA ameliorated rat progressive mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis by inhibiting P-selectin-dependent leukocyte infiltration in glomeruli. Sulphated oligosaccharides may be beneficial for the therapy of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Medicine III, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ito Y, Kawachi H, Morioka Y, Nakatsue T, Koike H, Ikezumi Y, Oyanagi A, Natori Y, Natori Y, Nakamura T, Gejyo F, Shimizu F. Fractalkine expression and the recruitment of CX3CR1+ cells in the prolonged mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2002; 61:2044-57. [PMID: 12028445 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We established the reversible and the prolonged models of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) with anti-Thy 1 antibody 1-22-3. However, the essential factors leading to the prolonged glomerular alterations have not been identified. METHODS The expressions of several chemokines and cytokines were compared in the reversible and the prolonged models. Expression of fractalkine and the number of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1-positive cells in the glomeruli in the prolonged model were significantly higher than those in the reversible model. Then, the localization of fractalkine and the characteristics of CX3CR1+ cells were analyzed in glomeruli. To elucidate the significance of the fractalkine expression, we analyzed the expression in the model treated with angiotensin II receptor antagonist, candesartan. RESULTS Immunostaining of fractalkine was detected on endothelial cells on the fifth day, and fractalkine staining also was detected in the mesangial area on day 14. Major parts of the CX3CR1+ cells in the glomeruli were macrophages, especially ED3+ cells. Candesartan treatment ameliorated the glomerular morphological findings at six weeks after disease induction. Although the treatment did not ameliorate the morphological finding at two weeks, decreased expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1+ were already detected at two weeks in rats treated with candesartan. CONCLUSIONS Fractalkine expression and the recruitment of CX3CR1+ cells in glomeruli might play an important role in the development of the prolonged disease. These expressions could be predictors of the prolonged disease of the mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Biphenyl Compounds
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Chemokine CX3CL1
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines, CX3C/genetics
- Chemokines, CX3C/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism
- Glomerular Mesangium/pathology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/metabolism
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/pathology
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Nephrectomy/methods
- Proteinuria/etiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, HIV/genetics
- Receptors, HIV/metabolism
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ito
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ketteler M, Westenfeld R, Gawlik A, Bachmann S, Frey A, Schönfelder G, Paul M, Distler A, de Heer E. Nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in acute versus chronic anti-Thy 1 nephritis. Kidney Int 2002; 61:826-33. [PMID: 11849433 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two inbred Lewis rat substrains (LEW/Moe, LEW/Maa) were identified responding differently to induction of anti-Thy 1 glomerulonephritis (aThy 1-GN). LEW/Moe rats show an acute mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with rapid healing of glomerular lesions within four weeks, while LEW/Maa rats develop severe glomerular injury followed by chronic glomerular sclerosis and persistent albuminuria. We investigated whether the glomerular expression pattern of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms could explain these substrain-related differences. METHODS Rats (N = 5 to 7 per group) were investigated in a time course experiment. Severity of aThy 1-GN was determined by albuminuria measurements, glomerular matrix score and microaneurysm formation. Glomerular gene expression of NOS isoforms was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Inducible NOS (iNOS) activity was determined in cultured glomeruli and peritoneal macrophages. Neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein expression was detected by Western blotting and enzyme histochemistry. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by RIA. RESULTS Induction of iNOS expression and activity was found significantly increased and sustained in LEW/Maa vs. LEW/Moe rats associated with an increased number of infiltrating macrophages and with an increased capacity of iNOS-expression and iNOS-activation by isolated macrophages in LEW/Maa rats. Glomerular nNOS mRNA and nNOS protein expression were constitutively increased in LEW/Maa rats. Renal nNOS localization was restricted to the macula densa region in both substrains and associated with increased PRA in LEW/Maa rats. No difference in glomerular endothelial NOS-mRNA expression between the substrains was observed. CONCLUSIONS Increased glomerular iNOS and nNOS expression were associated with chronic anti-Thy 1 glomerulonephritis in LEW/Maa rats and may contribute to glomerular damage by separate mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ketteler
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52057 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wada Y, Morioka T, Oyanagi-Tanaka Y, Yao J, Suzuki Y, Gejyo F, Arakawa M, Oite T. Impairment of vascular regeneration precedes progressive glomerulosclerosis in anti-Thy 1 glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2002; 61:432-43. [PMID: 11849383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that glomerular hemodynamic changes or glomerular growth response may promote the development of glomerulosclerosis, irrespective of its etiology. Further experimental models are needed to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to progressive glomerulosclerosis with an irreversible course. We designed a model of irreversible glomerulosclerosis, using anti-Thy-1.1 injection followed by uninephrectomy, and examined the role of glomerular endothelial cell responses in the process of progressive sclerotic changes. METHOD Rats were injected with anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody, 1-22-3, and 30 minutes later, unilateral nephrectomy (one-kidney group) or sham operation (two-kidney group) was performed. Rats were sacrificed for histological examination on days 3, 14, 56, and 84 after injection. The density of the glomerular capillary tuft was assessed by immunofluorescent staining for endothelial specific antigens. The mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also was followed up by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Semiquantitative analysis revealed that the capillary density and mRNA expression of PECAM-1, VCAM-1 and VEGF were significantly lower in the one-kidney group compared to the two-kidney group on day 14. On day 84, progressive glomerulosclerotic lesions were found, followed by a decrease of the capillary density in the one-kidney group, while the glomerular architecture recovered to an almost normal state in the two-kidney group. CONCLUSIONS Progressive glomerulosclerosis can be induced in the rat by a one shot injection of anti-Thy 1.1 monoclonal antibody followed by unilateral nephrectomy. This model shows that there is a positive association between impairment of vascular regeneration and the development of glomerulosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Wada
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University School of Medicine, and Gosen Jin-Ai Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Morioka Y, Koike H, Ikezumi Y, Ito Y, Oyanagi A, Gejyo F, Shimizu F, Kawachi H. Podocyte injuries exacerbate mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2001; 60:2192-204. [PMID: 11737593 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From the observations of morphology seen in early phases of the experimental models of the irreversible mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, we hypothesized that podocyte injury is one of the important factors in bringing upon irreversible glomerular alterations. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated whether podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) injection affects the mesangial alterations of anti-Thy 1.1 glomerulonephritis. METHODS Female Wistar rats were injected with 0.5 mg monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1-22-3 five days after the injection of 10 mg or 5 mg/100 g body weight (BW) of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and sacrificed at 7 days or 8 weeks after the mAb 1-22-3 injection. RESULTS Consecutive injections of 10 mg/100 g BW of PAN and mAb 1-22-3 caused the irreversible mesangial alteration with persistent proteinuria (at week 8, proteinuria 100.3 +/- 57.8 mg/24 h, matrix score 1.13 +/- 0.52, collagen type I score 2.04 +/- 0.53, mRNA for collagen type I 227 +/- 79% to the group with a single injection of 1-22-3). Although single injection of 5 mg/100 g BW of PAN was not capable of inducing abnormal proteinuria, consecutive injections of 5 mg/100 g BW of PAN and mAb 1-22-3 also caused irreversible mesangial alteration and persistent proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Podocyte injury might be an important factor that exacerbates mesangial proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion. The irreversible mesangial alterations caused by consecutive injections of PAN and mAb 1-22-3 may be a novel model that could be used to analyze the mechanism of progressive mesangial alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Morioka
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schaier M, Lehrke I, Schade K, Morath C, Shimizu F, Kawachi H, Grone HJ, Ritz E, Wagner J. Isotretinoin alleviates renal damage in rat chronic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2001; 60:2222-34. [PMID: 11737596 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoids, derivatives of vitamin A, have strong anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. We previously demonstrated that the pan-agonists all-transretinoic acid (RA) and isotretinoin (13-cis RA) alleviate renal damage in rat acute glomerulonephritis (GN) induced by anti-Thy-1.1 mAb OX-7. METHODS The present study examined the effects of low dose and high dose treatment with isotretinoin in the chronic glomerulonephritis model, Thy-GN. Thy-GN was induced by a single intravenous injection of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1-22-3 in uninephrectomized Wistar rats (N = 7 to 10 per group). Control and nephritic groups were treated with vehicle (veh), low dose isotretinoin (2 mg/kg body wt), or high dose isotretinoin (10 mg/kg body wt). The experiment was terminated 60 days after induction of Thy-GN. RESULTS In animals with Thy-GN, isotretinoin abrogated the increase in blood pressure and significantly reduced albuminuria. Glomerulosclerosis index, glomerular and interstitial cell counts, as well as the area of the interstitial space were significantly lower in nephritic rats treated with low and high dose isotretinoin compared to vehicle-treated nephritic controls. Treatment with isotretinoin also significantly reduced the number of glomerular and interstitial macrophages. The increase of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF receptor II and prepro-endothelin-1 gene expression in vehicle-treated nephritic rats was significantly attenuated by isotretinoin. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with isotretinoin significantly reduces glomerular and interstitial damage in rats with chronic glomerulonephritis as indicated by different functional and histological markers. Retinoids may provide a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oyanagi-Tanaka Y, Yao J, Wada Y, Morioka T, Suzuki Y, Gejyo F, Arakawa M, Oite T. Real-time observation of hemodynamic changes in glomerular aneurysms induced by anti-Thy-1 antibody. Kidney Int 2001; 59:252-9. [PMID: 11135078 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood flow in the microvasculature plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of injury and repair in inflamed tissue. Real-time observation of the kidney microvasculature, including the glomerular capillary tufts, is extremely difficult because of the methodological limitations of currently available microscope optics. In the present study, we attempted to analyze hemodynamic events that occurred in vivo during microvascular regeneration following destruction of the glomerular capillary tuft, functionally and quantitatively by the use of a real-time confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM) system. METHODS A polyethylene catheter was inserted into the carotid artery to allow blood pressure measurement. Mesangiolytic lesions producing microaneurysms were induced by the injection of anti-Thy-1.1 antibody. On days 3 and 7 after antibody injection, we examined hemodynamic changes under an intravital microscope equipped with real-time CLSM in combination with a high-speed CCD video camera. To measure vessel diameter and erythrocyte velocity, rats were injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran and FITC-labeled red blood cells (RBCs). RESULTS On day 3 of the disease, mean arterial blood pressure was 112 +/- 5 mm Hg, which was significantly higher than that of normal rat or of rats on day 7 (93 +/- 1 and 101 +/- 9 mm Hg, respectively). Within mircroaneurysms on day 3, RBC velocity was greatly suppressed. By day 7, RBC velocity, in glomeruli with normal appearances, recovered to about half of the level seen in normal controls (430.6 +/- 284.7 microm/sec), while in narrowed glomerular tufts, it was still only 104.6 +/- 35.1 microm/sec. CONCLUSIONS The noninvasive procedure, using CLSM in combination with a high-speed video camera, allowed us to examine hemodynamic events quantitatively and to analyze microvascular architecture three dimensionally in the kidney. It is useful for estimating hemodynamic response and vascular regeneration in vivo and may be promising for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oyanagi-Tanaka
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Institute of Nephrology, and Second Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine and Gosen Jin-Ai Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ikezumi Y, Kawachi H, Toyabe S, Uchiyama M, Shimizu F. An anti-CD5 monoclonal antibody ameliorates proteinuria and glomerular lesions in rat mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2000; 58:100-14. [PMID: 10886554 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased numbers of lymphocytes have been identified in biopsy specimens of human mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). However, the causal relationship between infiltrating T lymphocytes and mesangial changes in mesangial proliferative GN has not been previously evaluated. In this study, we elucidated the role of lymphocytes in the development of mesangial proliferative GN. METHOD Immunohistological and flow cytometric analyses as well as a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies were performed in monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1-22-3-induced Thy 1.1 GN. To elucidate the role of these lymphocytes, depletion studies were carried out using anti-CD8 mAb (OX-8), which depletes both CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells and anti-CD5 mAb (OX-19), which depletes both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. RESULTS Immunofluorescence (IF) studies revealed that NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes were recruited into glomeruli. Glomerular mRNA expression for interferon-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and perforin increased after induction of GN. Increased expressions of several chemokines, which have the potential to attract lymphocytes, were also detected. Anti-CD8 mAb treatment completely prevented the recruitment of NK cells; however, it had no protective effect on proteinuria and mesangial injury. By contrast, anti-CD5 mAb treatment suppressed the recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes into glomeruli and reduced proteinuria (60.4 +/- 25.7 vs. 120.0 +/- 32.3 mg/day, P < 0.05) and mesangial changes evaluated by total number of cells in glomeruli (63.2 +/- 6.0 vs. 81.4 +/- 5.9, P < 0.01) and alpha-smooth muscle actin staining score (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0. 4, cf2eth P < 0.01) on day 14 after induction of GN. mRNA expression for IL-2 was significantly reduced by OX-19 treatment. CONCLUSION T lymphocytes participate in the development of mesangial proliferative GN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ikezumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li P, Kawachi H, Suzuki Y, Saito A, Orikasa M, Shi ZS, Shimizu F. The prevention of glomerulosclerosis in rats using traditional Chinese medicine, Sairei-to. Nephrology (Carlton) 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Nakamura T, Obata J, Kimura H, Ohno S, Yoshida Y, Kawachi H, Shimizu F. Blocking angiotensin II ameliorates proteinuria and glomerular lesions in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 1999; 55:877-89. [PMID: 10027924 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.055003877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system is thought to be involved in the progression of glomerulonephritis (GN) into end-stage renal failure (ESRF) because of the observed renoprotective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). However, ACEIs have pharmacological effects other than ACE inhibition that may help lower blood pressure and preserve glomerular structure. We previously reported a new animal model of progressive glomerulosclerosis induced by a single intravenous injection of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody, MoAb 1-22-3, in uninephrectomized rats. Using this new model of progressive GN, we examined the hypothesis that ACEIs prevent the progression to ESRF by modulating the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and extracellular matrix components. METHODS We studied the effect of an ACEI (cilazapril) and an Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist (candesartan) on the clinical features and morphological lesions in the rat model previously reported. After 10 weeks of treatment with equihypotensive doses of cilazapril, cilazapril plus Hoe 140 (a bradykinin receptor B2 antagonist), candesartan, and hydralazine, we examined systolic blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, creatinine clearance, the glomerulosclerosis index, and the tubulointerstitial lesion index. We performed a semiquantitative evaluation of glomerular immunostaining for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III by immunofluorescence study and of these cortical mRNA levels by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS Untreated rats developed massive proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and severe glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, whereas uninephrectomized control rats did not. There was a significant increase in the levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III in untreated rats. Cilazapril and candesartan prevented massive proteinuria, increased creatinine clearance, and ameliorated glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. These drugs also reduced levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III. Hoe 140 failed to blunt the renoprotective effect of cilazapril. Hydralazine did not exhibit a renoprotective effect. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ACEIs prevent the progression to ESRF by modulating the effects of Ang II via Ang II type 1 receptor on the production of TGF-beta and collagen types I and III, as well as on intrarenal hemodynamics, but not by either increasing bradykinin activity or reducing blood pressure in this rat model of mesangial proliferative GN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
SHIMIZU F, FUKAGAWA M, YAMAUCHI S, TANIYAMA M, KOMEMUSHI S, MARGOLIN SB, KUROKAWA K. Pirfenidone prevents the progression of irreversible glomerular sclerotic lesions in rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.1997.tb00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|