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Saini C, Sapra L, Puri P, Mishra PK, Chawla R, Srivastava RK. Dysregulated Th17/Treg cell axis is correlated with local and systemic immune response in human intermediate uveitis. Immunol Lett 2024; 268:106888. [PMID: 38925441 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Th17/Treg cell balance is essential for immune homeostasis and when disrupted, is associated with the occurrence and development of inflammation in numerous autoimmune diseases. However, its contribution in pathophysiology of uveitis remains unexplored. In this study, we deciphered the role of Th17/Treg cell balance in autoimmune uveitis subjects. Using flow cytometry, we detected the frequencies and absolute count of both Th17 and Treg cells in the aqueous humor and peripheral blood of patients and healthy controls. Our results for the first time reveal a significant increase (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005) in Th17 population alongside a significant decrease (p < 0.001 and p < 0.003) in Treg cell population in both the aqueous humor and PBMCs of uveitis patients. Further we analyzed the expression of Th17-Treg associated genes and cytokines via qPCR and ELISA respectively. These findings align with our flow cytometry results, as evident by a significant (p < 0.002) up-regulation of IL-17 and a concurrent down regulation of IL-10 at transcriptional levels. Moreover, IL-17A cytokine was found to be substantially high (p < 0.001) and IL-10 (p < 0.02) down regulated in serum. Interestingly, we demonstrated a significant correlation of Th17/Treg cells in aqueous humor with those in peripheral blood. Conclusively, our results suggest the pivotal role of Th17/Treg cell axis in the immuno-pathophysiology of human uveitis. Further we propose the therapeutic potential of targeting this novel axis for ameliorating the disease burden associated with uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaman Saini
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prabhav Puri
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, MP 462001, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Tomkins-Netzer O, Niederer R, Greenwood J, Fabian ID, Serlin Y, Friedman A, Lightman S. Mechanisms of blood-retinal barrier disruption related to intraocular inflammation and malignancy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101245. [PMID: 38242492 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption is a common accompaniment of intermediate, posterior and panuveitis causing leakage into the retina and macular oedema resulting in vision loss. It is much less common in anterior uveitis or in patients with intraocular lymphoma who may have marked signs of intraocular inflammation. New drugs used for chemotherapy (cytarabine, immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, bispecific anti-EGFR inhibitors, MET receptor inhibitors and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors) can also cause different types of uveitis and BRB disruption. As malignant disease itself can cause uveitis, particularly from breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract cancers, it can be clinically difficult to sort out the cause of BRB disruption. Immunosuppression due to malignant disease and/or chemotherapy can lead to infection which can also cause BRB disruption and intraocular infection. In this paper we address the pathophysiology of BRB disruption related to intraocular inflammation and malignancy, methods for estimating the extent and effect of the disruption and examine why some types of intraocular inflammation and malignancy cause BRB disruption and others do not. Understanding this may help sort and manage these patients, as well as devise future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tomkins-Netzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Rachael Niederer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ido Didi Fabian
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Serlin
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sue Lightman
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Rojas-Carabali W, Mejía-Salgado G, Cifuentes-González C, Villabona-Martínez V, Barraquer-López ND, Valdés-Arias D, de-la-Torre A. Clinical relationship between dry eye disease and uveitis: a scoping review. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2023; 13:2. [PMID: 36715869 PMCID: PMC9886213 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-022-00323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review examined the relationship between Dry Eye Disease (DED) and Uveitis. We searched Pubmed, Embase, and LILACS databases for articles in which at least one patient had DED and uveitis concomitantly. The search produced 2381 records, and 24 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. We concluded that DED and uveitis of any etiology could appear concomitantly in patients of any age. However, both diseases seem to coexist more frequently in middle-aged women and cases of anterior uveitis. Therefore, it is crucial that ophthalmologists actively look for the coexistence of ocular surface abnormalities, especially in patients with these characteristics. Future studies should establish and quantify the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of this coexistence to achieve an early diagnosis of both etiologies and comprehensive management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rojas-Carabali
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Germán Mejía-Salgado
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia ,grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Ophthalmology Interest Group, Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Cifuentes-González
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia ,grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Ophthalmology Interest Group, Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valeria Villabona-Martínez
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Doménico Barraquer-López
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia ,grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Ophthalmology Interest Group, Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Valdés-Arias
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Nezu N, Usui Y, Saito A, Shimizu H, Asakage M, Yamakawa N, Tsubota K, Wakabayashi Y, Narimatsu A, Umazume K, Maruyama K, Sugimoto M, Kuroda M, Goto H. Machine Learning Approach for Intraocular Disease Prediction Based on Aqueous Humor Immune Mediator Profiles. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1197-1208. [PMID: 33484732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various immune mediators have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of intraocular diseases. Machine learning can be used to automatically select and weigh various predictors to develop models maximizing predictive power. However, these techniques have not yet been applied extensively in studies focused on intraocular diseases. We evaluated whether 5 machine learning algorithms applied to the data of immune-mediator levels in aqueous humor can predict the actual diagnoses of 17 selected intraocular diseases and identified which immune mediators drive the predictive power of a machine learning model. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred twelve eyes with diagnoses from among 17 intraocular diseases. METHODS Aqueous humor samples were collected, and the concentrations of 28 immune mediators were determined using a cytometric bead array. Each immune mediator was ranked according to its importance using 5 machine learning algorithms. Stratified k-fold cross-validation was used in evaluation of algorithms with the dataset divided into training and test datasets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The algorithms were evaluated in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, F-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the precision-recall curve, and mean decrease in Gini index. RESULTS Among the 5 machine learning models, random forest (RF) yielded the highest classification accuracy in multiclass differentiation of 17 intraocular diseases. The RF prediction models for vitreoretinal lymphoma, acute retinal necrosis, endophthalmitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and primary open-angle glaucoma achieved the highest classification accuracy, precision, and recall. Random forest recognized vitreoretinal lymphoma, acute retinal necrosis, endophthalmitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and primary open-angle glaucoma with the top 5 F-scores. The 3 highest-ranking relevant immune mediators were interleukin (IL)-10, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10, and angiogenin for prediction of vitreoretinal lymphoma; monokine induced by interferon γ, interferon γ, and IP-10 for acute retinal necrosis; and IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8 for endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS Random forest algorithms based on 28 immune mediators in aqueous humor successfully predicted the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma, acute retinal necrosis, and endophthalmitis. Overall, the findings of the present study contribute to increased knowledge on new biomarkers that potentially can facilitate diagnosis of intraocular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nezu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of AI Applied Quantitative Clinical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Asakage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akitomo Narimatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Umazume
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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A literature review on Fuchs uveitis syndrome: An update. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 65:133-143. [PMID: 31622627 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs uveitis syndrome is a chronic, typically unilateral, ocular condition characterized by an asymptomatic mild inflammatory syndrome that can result in cataract and secondary glaucoma. Diagnosis is largely clinical because the etiology remains obscure. Fuchs uveitis syndrome is most likely the result of different insults or pathogenic mechanisms, including infections, autoimmune diseases, hereditary and sympathetic dysfunction. According to the infectious theory, the infection of herpes simplex virus, ocular toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, and other viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. There is no indication for corticosteroid therapy in Fuchs patients, and treatment should be mostly reserved to cataract and glaucoma. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is a safe procedure with good visual outcomes in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome. Glaucoma is often unresponsive to treatment and should actively be monitored both preoperatively and postoperatively in these patients. We discuss the current understanding of Fuchs uveitis syndrome from its clinical presentations through recommended management and provide a comprehensive description and the updated knowledge of its pathophysiology.
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Aqueous humor IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF levels in Fuchs' uveitis syndrome and Behçet's uveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2629-2636. [PMID: 31065903 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humor (AqH) of patients with Behçet's uveitis (BU) and Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS) during an inactive period and compared these levels with those in the AqH of noninflammatory healthy control subjects. METHODS This prospective and case-control study included 33 patients (16 patients with BU and 17 patients with FUS) and 35 control subjects. IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF levels in the AqH were quantified by performing sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the cytokine levels in the different groups, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the AqH of patients with BU and FUS than in the AqH of control subjects (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the AqH of patients with BU than in the AqH of patients with FUS and of control subjects (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Although VEGF levels were higher in the AqH of patients with FUS than in the AqH of patients with BU and of control subjects, the difference was significant only between patients with FUS and control subjects (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant decrease in IL-10 levels in the AqH of patients with BU and a significant increase in VEGF levels in the AqH of patients with FUS compared to controls. IL-8 and VEGF levels showed no significant difference among uveitis patients.
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Fazil Z, Ten Berge JC, Langerak AW, Rothova A, Dik WA. An Intraocular Inflammatory Profile of Rubella Associated Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018; 27:418-423. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1421671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Fazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. Ten Berge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. W. Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Rothova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. A. Dik
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE Rubella virus (RV) has a central role in the etiopathogenesis of Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS). We aim to offer new insights by comprehensive analysis of recent laboratory and epidemiologic data. METHODS We conducted a literature search for laboratory data and papers on etiopathogenesis. RESULTS Aqueous humour samples of FUS patients show immunoreactivity to RV, in a specific and sensitive manner. Identification of RV genome confirm intraocular infection in a subset of FUS patients. Epidemiologic findings further support causality. The clinical spectrum of RV-associated uveitis is similar but not identical to FUS. FUS eyes exhibit a predominance of CD8 + T cells, high IFN-? and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS RV is the leading cause of FUS. Cytokine-based findings mirror a viral etiology and chronic low-grade inflammation. RV-associated FUS represents a common pathway of intraocular RV inoculation after congenital or acquired infection. Other causes, including HSV and CMV, may lead to FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Derveaux
- a University Hospital Ghent , Ophthalmology , Ghent , Belgium and
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Chataway J, Schuerer N, Alsanousi A, Chan D, MacManus D, Hunter K, Anderson V, Bangham CRM, Clegg S, Nielsen C, Fox NC, Wilkie D, Nicholas JM, Calder VL, Greenwood J, Frost C, Nicholas R. Effect of high-dose simvastatin on brain atrophy and disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-STAT): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2014; 383:2213-21. [PMID: 24655729 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, for which no satisfactory treatment presently exists, accounts for most of the disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Simvastatin, which is widely used for treatment of vascular disease, with its excellent safety profile, has immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties that could make it an appealing candidate drug for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. METHODS We undertook a double-blind, controlled trial between Jan 28, 2008, and Nov 4, 2011, at three neuroscience centres in the UK. Patients aged 18-65 years with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis were randomly assigned (1:1), by a centralised web-based service with a block size of eight, to receive either 80 mg of simvastatin or placebo. Patients, treating physicians, and outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the annualised rate of whole-brain atrophy measured from serial volumetric MRI. Analyses were by intention to treat and per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00647348. FINDINGS 140 participants were randomly assigned to receive either simvastatin (n=70) or placebo (n=70). The mean annualised atrophy rate was significantly lower in patients in the simvastatin group (0·288% per year [SD 0·521]) than in those in the placebo group (0·584% per year [0·498]). The adjusted difference in atrophy rate between groups was -0·254% per year (95% CI -0·422 to -0·087; p=0·003); a 43% reduction in annualised rate. Simvastatin was well tolerated, with no differences between the placebo and simvastatin groups in proportions of participants who had serious adverse events (14 [20%] vs nine [13%]). INTERPRETATION High-dose simvastatin reduced the annualised rate of whole-brain atrophy compared with placebo, and was well tolerated and safe. These results support the advancement of this treatment to phase 3 testing. FUNDING The Moulton Foundation [charity number 1109891], Berkeley Foundation [268369], the Multiple Sclerosis Trials Collaboration [1113598], the Rosetrees Trust [298582] and a personal contribution from A Pidgley, UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals/UCL Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Chataway
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Nadine Schuerer
- UCL Institiute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dennis Chan
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - David MacManus
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kelvin Hunter
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Val Anderson
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Shona Clegg
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Casper Nielsen
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Virginia L Calder
- UCL Institiute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- UCL Institiute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Frost
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK
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Statin Modulation of Human T-Cell Proliferation, IL-1β and IL-17 Production, and IFN-γ T Cell Expression: Synergy with Conventional Immunosuppressive Agents. Int J Inflam 2013; 2013:434586. [PMID: 24159421 PMCID: PMC3789401 DOI: 10.1155/2013/434586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been demonstrated to be immunomodulatory for human immune-mediated disease and in experimental models. The aim of this study was to compare statin-mediated immunosuppressive effects on human T-cell responses in vitro with those of conventional immunosuppressives (dexamethasone, cyclosporin A (CsA), mycophenolate, and rapamycin). Statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin) were investigated for their modulatory effects on human PBMC viability, cytokine profiles, and T-cell proliferation. At concentrations that inhibited anti-CD3/28-stimulated T-cell proliferation (P < 0.01), simvastatin significantly decreased intracellular CD4(+) T-cell expression of IFN-γ (P < 0.01) to levels similar to those induced by conventional immunosuppressives. Atorvastatin and lovastatin also decreased IFN-γ expression, although to a lesser degree (P < 0.05). All three statins reduced levels of IL-17 production (P < 0.01). However, in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation, simvastatin significantly upregulated IL-1β production (P < 0.05). The profile of cytokines produced in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation was similar when both atorvastatin and dexamethasone were added as compared with dexamethasone alone, suggesting that atorvastatin can synergise with dexamethasone with respect to immunomodulation of cytokines. This data supports the hypothesis of selective statin-mediated immunomodulatory effects on human immune cells.
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Understanding uveitis: The impact of research on visual outcomes. Prog Retin Eye Res 2011; 30:452-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Curnow SJ, Murray PI. Inflammatory mediators of uveitis: cytokines and chemokines. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2007; 17:532-7. [PMID: 17065921 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32801094b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study of uveitis has been restricted by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient intraocular material from both human disease and experimental models. Recent developments in cytokine and chemokine detection have overcome many of these problems. This review presents a summary of the technologic advances in this area. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in cytokine analysis, in particular multiplexed bead immunoassays, have allowed the measurement of an extensive array of cytokines and chemokines from very small sample volumes. This has revolutionized uveitis research, enabling measurement of a large profile of cytokines and chemokines in intraocular fluid, such as aqueous humour. This allows us to recognize complex patterns of cytokines and chemokines from different forms of uveitis and to examine relationships between different molecules. SUMMARY The spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines known to be implicated in uveitis has increased over recent years. Many of these molecules have also been found in experimental models of disease and may represent attractive therapeutic targets for the future. With recent advances in cytokine detection, an extension of these techniques with a more detailed analysis of different uveitis conditions may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information for this potentially blinding group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Curnow
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Division of Immunity and Infection, Medical School, The University of Birmingham, UK.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17:574-5. [PMID: 17065928 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32801121a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahn JK, Yu HG, Chung H, Park YG. Intraocular cytokine environment in active Behçet uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142:429-34. [PMID: 16935587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine cytokine profiles in aqueous humor and peripheral blood from patients with Behçet uveitis. DESIGN Prospective, experimental, and case-control study. METHODS Aqueous humor and peripheral blood samples from 24 patients with Behçet uveitis, 28 patients with other causes of endogenous uveitis, and 20 healthy subjects after uncomplicated cataract surgery were obtained. Cytokines (interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared between the uveitis groups. RESULTS Aqueous interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels were higher in patients with Behçet uveitis in contrast to higher concentrations of IL-4 in patients without Behçet uveitis. Aqueous levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were higher in patients with Behçet uveitis than in patients without Behçet uveitis. Aqueous and serum IL-10 were detected in all patients without Behçet uveitis, but were below detection limits in all patients with Behçet uveitis. Furthermore, IL-15 was exclusively increased in the aqueous humor of Behçet uveitis. The aqueous IL-2 or IL-12 levels were similar regardless of the presence of Behçet uveitis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that an extreme Th1 polarization, a high proinflammatory condition, a low immunosuppressive status, and the presence of natural killer (NK) or CD8+ T cell-activating cytokine were unique features in aqueous humor with Behçet uveitis, suggesting that different immunopathogenic mechanisms may be involved in the ongoing intraocular inflammation of Behçet uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyoun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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Errata. Clin Exp Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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