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Dietary-Induced Bacterial Metabolites Reduce Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Cancer via Vitamin D Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031864. [PMID: 36768196 PMCID: PMC9914969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, including westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms underpinning diet-microbiota-host interactions are poorly understood in IBD. We present evidence that feeding a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet can protect mice from developing DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by significantly reducing tumour burden/incidence, immune cell infiltration, cytokine profile, and cell proliferation. We show that HF protection was associated with increased gut microbial diversity and a significant reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium cluster XIVa abundance. Microbial functionality was modulated in terms of signalling fatty acids and bile acids (BA). Faecal secondary BAs were significantly induced to include moieties that can activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor richly represented in the intestine and colon. Indeed, colonic VDR downstream target genes were upregulated in HF-fed mice and in combinatorial lipid-BAs-treated intestinal HT29 epithelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that HF diet protects against colitis and CAC risk through gut microbiota and BA metabolites modulating vitamin D targeting pathways. Our data highlights the complex relationship between dietary fat-induced alterations of microbiota-host interactions in IBD/CAC pathophysiology.
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Grubišić V, Bali V, Fried DE, Eltzschig HK, Robson SC, Mazei-Robison MS, Gulbransen BD. Enteric glial adenosine 2B receptor signaling mediates persistent epithelial barrier dysfunction following acute DSS colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:964-976. [PMID: 35869148 PMCID: PMC9385475 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier function is compromised in inflammatory bowel disease and barrier dysfunction contributes to disease progression. Extracellular nucleotides/nucleosides generated in gut inflammation may regulate barrier function through actions on diverse cell types. Enteric glia modulate extracellular purinergic signaling and exert pathophysiological effects on mucosal permeability. These glia may regulate inflammation with paracrine responses, theoretically mediated via adenosine 2B receptor (A2BR) signaling. As the cell-specific roles of A2BRs in models of colitis and barrier dysfunction are unclear, we studied glial A2BRs in acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. We performed and validated conditional ablation of glial A2BRs in Sox10CreERT2+/-;Adora2bf/f mice. Overt intestinal disease activity indices in DSS-colitis were comparable between Sox10CreERT2+/-;Adora2bf/f mice and littermate controls. However, ablating glial A2BRs protected against barrier dysfunction following acute DSS-colitis. These benefits were associated with the normalization of tight junction protein expression and localization including claudin-1, claudin-8, and occludin. Glial A2BR signaling increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in the colon and cell-intrinsic regulation of genes including Csf3, Cxcl1, Cxcl10, and Il6. Our studies show that glial A2BR signaling exacerbates immune responses during DSS-colitis and that this adenosinergic cell-specific mechanism contributes to persistent gut epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Biomedical Innovation, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Vedrana Bali
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David E Fried
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michelle S Mazei-Robison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Zhu F, He H, Fan L, Ma C, Xu Z, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou G. Blockade of CXCR2 suppresses proinflammatory activities of neutrophils in ulcerative colitis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5237-5251. [PMID: 33042416 PMCID: PMC7540107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one chronically remittent and progressive inflammatory disorder. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. However, how CXCR2 modulate mucosal inflammation in UC is still obscure. In this study, CXCR2 expression was determined in inflamed mucosa and peripheral blood cells from patients with UC by qRT-PCR. Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood were pretreated with CXCR2 inhibitor (SB225002), and proinflammatory mediators were examined by qRT-PCR, ELISA and IF. The migratory capacity of neutrophils after SB225002 treatment was examined by using Transwell plate. Furthermore, SB225002 was administrated daily in DSS-induced colitis mice. We found that CXCR2 expression was significantly increased in colonic mucosal tissues and peripheral blood cells from patients with active UC. Besides, CXCR2 was highly expressed in neutrophils, and was positively correlated with disease activity. Inhibition of CXCR2 in neutrophils decreased the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), MPO, S100a8, S100a9, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6, and the migratory capacity of neutrophils was markedly impaired after SB225002 treatment. Moreover, blockade of CXCR2 with SB225002 could markedly ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice. In summary, CXCR2 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of UC through modulating immune responses of neutrophils. Blockade of CXCR2 may serve as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Heng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cuimei Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
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Mayorova OA, Sindeeva OA, Lomova MV, Gusliakova OI, Tarakanchikova YV, Tyutyaev EV, Pinyaev SI, Kulikov OA, German SV, Pyataev NA, Gorin DA, Sukhorukov GB. Endovascular addressing improves the effectiveness of magnetic targeting of drug carrier. Comparison with the conventional administration method. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102184. [PMID: 32222475 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many nanomedicine approaches are struggling to reach high enough effectiveness in delivery if applied systemically. The perspective is sought to explore the clinical practices currently used for localized treatment. In this study, we combine in vivo targeting of carriers sensitive to the external magnetic field with clinically used endovascular delivery to specific site. Fluorescent micron-size capsules made of biodegradable polymers and containing magnetite nanoparticles incorporated in the capsule wall were explored in vivo using Near-Infrared Fluorescence Live Imaging for Real-Time. Comparison of systemic (intravenous) and directed (intra-arterial) administration of the magnetic microcapsule targeting in the hindpaw vessels demonstrated that using femoral artery injection in combination with magnetic field exposure is 4 times more efficient than tail vein injection. Thus, endovascular targeting significantly improves the capabilities of nanoengineered drug delivery systems reducing the systemic side effects of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A Mayorova
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, Educational and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A Sindeeva
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, Educational and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Maria V Lomova
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, Educational and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga I Gusliakova
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, Educational and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V Tarakanchikova
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, Educational and Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Sergey I Pinyaev
- National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Oleg A Kulikov
- National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Sergey V German
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Live imaging of collagen deposition during experimental hepatic schistosomiasis and recovery: a view on a dynamic process. J Transl Med 2019; 99:231-243. [PMID: 30401957 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the central cause of chronic clinical pathology resulting from infection by the blood flukes Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni. Much has been elucidated regarding the molecular, cellular and immunological responses that correspond to the formation of the granulomatous response to trapped schistosome eggs. A central feature of this Th2 response is the deposition of collagen around the periphery of the granuloma. To date, traditional histology and transcriptional methods have been used to quantify the deposition of collagen and to monitor the formation of the hepatic granuloma during experimental animal models of schistosomiasis. We have investigated the dynamic nature of granuloma formation through the use of a transgenic mouse model (B6.Collagen 1(A) luciferase mice (B6.Coll 1A-luc+)). With this model and whole-animal bioluminescence imaging, we followed the deposition of collagen during an active schistosome infection with Chinese and Philippines geographical strains of S. japonicum and after clearance of the adult parasites by the drug praziquantel. Individual mice were re-imaged over the time course to provide robust real-time quantitation of the development of chronic fibrotic disease. This model provides an improved method to follow the course of hepatic schistosomiasis-induced hepatic pathology and effectively supports the current dogma of the formation of hepatic fibrosis, originally elucidated from static traditional histology. This study demonstrates the first use of the B6.Coll 1A-luc+ mouse to monitor the dynamics of disease development and the treatment of pathogen-induced infection with the underlying pathology of fibrosis.
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Kim Y, Wu AG, Jaja-Chimedza A, Graf BL, Waterman C, Verzi MP, Raskin I. Isothiocyanate-enriched moringa seed extract alleviates ulcerative colitis symptoms in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184709. [PMID: 28922365 PMCID: PMC5602518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed extract (MSE) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated the effects of MSE enriched in moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1), its putative bioactive, on ulcerative colitis (UC) and its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant mechanism likely mediated through Nrf2-signaling pathway. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute (n = 8/group; 3% DSS for 5 d) and chronic (n = 6/group; cyclic rotations of 2.5% DSS/water for 30 d) UC was induced in mice that were assigned to 4 experimental groups: healthy control (water/vehicle), disease control (DSS/vehicle), MSE treatment (DSS/MSE), or 5-aminosalicyic acid (5-ASA) treatment (positive control; DSS/5-ASA). Following UC induction, water (vehicle), 150 mg/kg MSE, or 50 mg/kg 5-ASA were orally administered for 1 or 2 wks. Disease activity index (DAI), spleen/colon sizes, and colonic histopathology were measured. From colon and/or fecal samples, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, tight-junction proteins, and Nrf2-mediated enzymes were analyzed at protein and/or gene expression levels. Compared to disease control, MSE decreased DAI scores, and showed an increase in colon lengths and decrease in colon weight/length ratios in both UC models. MSE also reduced colonic inflammation/damage and histopathological scores (modestly) in acute UC. MSE decreased colonic secretions of pro-inflammatory keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in acute and chronic UC; reduced fecal lipocalin-2 in acute UC; downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in acute UC; upregulated expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in acute and chronic UC; and upregulated GSTP1, an Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzyme, in chronic UC. MSE was effective in mitigating UC symptoms and reducing UC-induced colonic pathologies, likely by suppressing pro-inflammatory biomarkers and increasing tight-junction proteins. This effect is consistent with Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory/antioxidant signaling pathway documented for other isothiocyanates similar to MIC-1. Therefore, MSE, enriched with MIC-1, may be useful in prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Kim
- Nutrasorb, LLC., Freehold, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alex G. Wu
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Asha Jaja-Chimedza
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Brittany L. Graf
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Carrie Waterman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Guan X, Hou Y, Sun F, Yang Z, Li C. Dysregulated Chemokine Signaling in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 17:1535-44. [PMID: 26648071 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666151209120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CF lung disease is characterized by a chronic and non-resolving activation of the innate immune system with excessive release of chemokines/cytokines including IL-8 and persistent infiltration of immune cells, mainly neutrophils, into the airways. Chronic infection and impaired immune response eventually lead to pulmonary damage characterized by bronchiectasis, emphysema, and lung fibrosis. As a complete knowledge of the pathways responsible for the exaggerated inflammatory response in CF lung disease is lacking, understanding these pathways could reveal new therapeutic targets, and lead to novel treatments. Therefore, there is a strong rationale for the identification of mechanisms and pathways underlying the exaggerated inflammatory response in CF lung disease. This article reviews the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, with a focus on the dysregulated signaling involved in the overexpression of chemokine IL-8 and excessive recruitment of neutrophils in CF airways. The findings suggest that targeting the exaggerated IL-8/IL-8 receptor (mainly CXCR2) signaling pathway in immune cells (especially neutrophils) may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine. 540 E. Canfield Avenue, 5312 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine. 540 E. Canfield Avenue, 5312 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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8
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Liang J, Liang J, Hao H, Lin H, Wang P, Wu Y, Jiang X, Fu C, Li Q, Ding P, Liu H, Xiong Q, Lai X, Zhou L, Chan S, Hou S. The Extracts of Morinda officinalis and Its Hairy Roots Attenuate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating Inflammation and Lymphocyte Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:905. [PMID: 28824631 PMCID: PMC5539173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Morinda officinalis is beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The hairy root with higher genetic and biochemical stability cultured from M. officinalis might have similar effects to treat IBD. In this study, the main chemical composition of the root extracts of M. officinalis (MORE) native plant and the hairy root extract of M. officinalis (MOHRE) was compared by quantitative HPLC. The difference of their therapeutic effects and potential mechanism was evaluated using 3% dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis in mice and T lymphocytes in vitro. The results found that MOHRE possesses many specific peaks unobserved in the chromatogram of native plant. The content of iridoids in the MORE (3.10%) and MOHRE (3.01%) is somewhat similar but quite different for their anthraquinones’s content (0.14 and 0.66%, respectively). Despite all this, treatment with both MORE and MOHRE significantly attenuated the symptoms of colitis, including diarrhea, body weight loss, colon shortening, histological damage, and decreased inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, they dose-dependently increased the apoptosis of T lymphocyte in vivo and in vitro. And, the differences for treatment effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) between them both in this study were mostly insignificant. The results demonstrated that the effects of MORE and MOHRE for the treatment of UC are similar, although there are a few difference on their chemical composition, indicating the hairy root cultured from M. officinalis might be able to replace its native plant on treatment of UC. The successful derivation of a sustainable hairy root culture provides a model system to study the synthetic pathways for bioactive metabolites, which will make the use of bioreactors to largely produce traditional medicine become reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwang Liang
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Hao
- Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaodi Fu
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shamyuen Chan
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhdanov AV, Okkelman IA, Golubeva AV, Doerr B, Hyland NP, Melgar S, Shanahan F, Cryan JF, Papkovsky DB. Quantitative analysis of mucosal oxygenation using ex vivo imaging of healthy and inflamed mammalian colon tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:141-151. [PMID: 27510419 PMCID: PMC11107550 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colonic inflammation is associated with decreased tissue oxygenation, significantly affecting gut homeostasis. However, the crosstalk between O2 consumption and supply in the inflamed tissue are not fully understood. Using a murine model of colitis, we analysed O2 in freshly prepared samples of healthy and inflamed colon tissue. We developed protocols for efficient ex vivo staining of mouse distal colon mucosa with a cell-penetrating O2 sensitive probe Pt-Glc and high-resolution imaging of O2 concentration in live tissue by confocal phosphorescence lifetime-imaging microscopy (PLIM). Microscopy analysis revealed that Pt-Glc stained mostly the top 50-60 μm layer of the mucosa, with high phosphorescence intensity in epithelial cells. Measured O2 values in normal mouse tissue ranged between 5 and 35 μM (4-28 Torr), tending to decrease in the deeper tissue areas. Four-day treatment with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) triggered colon inflammation, as evidenced by an increase in local IL6 and mKC mRNA levels, but did not affect the gross architecture of colonic epithelium. We further observed an increase in oxygenation, partial activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 signalling, and negative trends in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and O2 consumption rate in the colitis mucosa, suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, which is known to be regulated via HIF-1 signalling and pyruvate oxidation rate. These results along with efficient staining with Pt-Glc of rat and human colonic mucosa reveal high potential of PLIM platform as a powerful tool for the high-resolution analysis of the intestinal tissue oxygenation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other pathologies, affecting tissue respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Irina A Okkelman
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Doerr
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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Simovic Markovic B, Nikolic A, Gazdic M, Bojic S, Vucicevic L, Kosic M, Mitrovic S, Milosavljevic M, Besra G, Trajkovic V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Pro-inflammatory Role in the Induction Phase of Acute Colitis by Promoting Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Production of IL-1β in Macrophages. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:593-606. [PMID: 26786981 PMCID: PMC4957458 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Galectin-3 [Gal-3] is an endogenous lectin with a broad spectrum of immunoregulatory effects: it plays an important role in autoimmune/inflammatory and malignant diseases, but the precise role of Gal-3 in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is still unknown. METHODS We used a model of dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced acute colitis. The role of Gal-3 in pathogenesis of this disease was tested by evaluating disease development in Gal-3 deficient mice and administration of Gal-3 inhibitor. Disease was monitored by clinical, histological, histochemical, and immunophenotypic investigations. Adoptive transfer was used to detect cellular events in pathogenesis. RESULTS Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 significantly attenuate DSS-induced colitis. Gal-3 deletion suppresses production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic macrophages and favours their alternative activation, as well as significantly reducing activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 [NLRP3] inflammasome in macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from untreated Gal-3(-/-) mice and treated in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or DSS produce lower amounts of tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin beta [IL-1β] when compared with wild type [WT] cells. Genetic deletion of Gal-3 did not directly affect total neutrophils, inflammatory dendritic cells [DCs] or natural killer [NK] T cells. However, the total number of CD11c+ CD80+ DCs which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β producing CD45+ CD11c- Ly6G+ neutrophils were significantly lower in colons of Gal-3(-/-) DSS-treated mice. Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages significantly enhanced the severity of disease in Gal-3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 expression promotes acute DSS-induced colitis and plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of colitis by promoting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-1β in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Nikolic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Bojic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Milosavljevic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Zhdanov AV, Okkelman IA, Collins FW, Melgar S, Papkovsky DB. A novel effect of DMOG on cell metabolism: direct inhibition of mitochondrial function precedes HIF target gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1254-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Andrzejewska A, Nowakowski A, Janowski M, Bulte JWM, Gilad AA, Walczak P, Lukomska B. Pre- and postmortem imaging of transplanted cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5543-59. [PMID: 26366076 PMCID: PMC4562754 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions based on the transplantation of stem and progenitor cells have garnered increasing interest. This interest is fueled by successful preclinical studies for indications in many diseases, including the cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal system. Further progress in this field is contingent upon access to techniques that facilitate an unambiguous identification and characterization of grafted cells. Such methods are invaluable for optimization of cell delivery, improvement of cell survival, and assessment of the functional integration of grafted cells. Following is a focused overview of the currently available cell detection and tracking methodologies that covers the entire spectrum from pre- to postmortem cell identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Nowakowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff WM Bulte
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Chen S, Wang J, Cheng H, Guo W, Yu M, Zhao Q, Wu Z, Zhao L, Yin Z, Hong Z. Targeted delivery of NK007 to macrophages to treat colitis. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2276-84. [PMID: 25964181 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important therapeutic targets for various disorders, including infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. In this study, we report a novel oral delivery system for the targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory therapeutics to macrophages. Using this formulation, the model drug tylophorine malate (NK007) was tightly incorporated inside beta-glucan particle shells by the formation of colloidal particles with chitosan, tripolyphosphate, and alginate via electrostatic interactions. This formulation specifically delivered NK007 to macrophages in vivo after oral gavage and effectively cured colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis model, highlighting the utility of beta-glucan particles as an oral anti-inflammation drug delivery system by targeting macrophages. In this work, NK007 was selected as the model drug. However, this novel oral carrier system has the potential to be applied as a platform for the treatment of many other diseases for which macrophages are the therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional techniques analyzing mouse colitis are invasive, laborious, or indirect. Development of in vivo imaging techniques for specific colitis processes would be useful for monitoring disease progression and/or treatment effectiveness. The aim was to evaluate the applicability of the chemiluminescent probe L-012, which detects reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, for in vivo colitis imaging. METHODS Two genetic colitis mouse models were used; K8 knockout (K8(-/-)) mice, which develop early colitis and the nonobese diabetic mice, which develop a transient subclinical colitis. Dextran sulphate sodium was used as a chemical colitis model. Mice were anesthetized, injected intraperitoneally with L-012, imaged, and quantified for chemiluminescent signal in the abdominal region using an IVIS camera system. RESULTS K8(-/-) and nonobese diabetic mice showed increased L-012-mediated chemiluminescence from the abdominal region compared with control mice. L-012 signals correlated with the colitis phenotype assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase staining. Although L-012 chemiluminescence enabled detection of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis at an earlier time point compared with traditional methods, large mouse-to-mouse variations were noted. In situ and ex vivo L-012 imaging as well as [18F]FDG-PET imaging of K8(-/-) mice confirmed that the in vivo signals originated from the distal colon. L-012 in vivo imaging showed a wide variation in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in young mice, irrespective of K8 genotype. In aging mice L-012 signals were consistently higher in K8(-/-) as compared to K8(+/+) mice. CONCLUSIONS In vivo imaging using L-012 is a useful, simple, and cost-effective tool to study the level and longitudinal progression of genetic and possibly chemical murine colitis.
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Lee HW, Jeon YH, Hwang MH, Kim JE, Park TI, Ha JH, Lee SW, Ahn BC, Lee J. Dual reporter gene imaging for tracking macrophage migration using the human sodium iodide symporter and an enhanced firefly luciferase in a murine inflammation model. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:703-12. [PMID: 23677652 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to visualize the migration of reporter macrophages expressing both the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) and enhanced firefly luciferase (effluc) gene in mice with chemically induced inflammation. PROCEDURES A macrophage cell line expressing both hNIS and effluc genes (Raw264.7/hNIS-effluc, herein referred to as a Raw264.7/NF) was established by cotransduction of two genes into a murine macrophage cell line (Raw264.7), and cell proliferation and phagocytic activity were compared between parental Raw264.7 and Raw264.7/NF cells. Both serial bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and small animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with I-124 were performed in inflammation-induced mice at various time points after intravenous injection of either Raw264.7 or Raw264.7/NF cells. RESULTS There was no significant difference in cellular proliferation and phagocytic activity between parental Raw264.7 and Raw264.7/NF cells. Early distribution of Raw264.7/NF cells was successfully visualized in the lung and spleen by BLI, but not by I-124 PET imaging. BLI signals, but not PET signals, were observed from the inflammation site at day 4 after the injection of Raw264.7/NF cells, and the signal intensity gradually increased until day 8. In contrast, focal uptake of I-124 was first detected at the site of inflammation at postinjection day 8, and signal intensity from the inflamed lesion was highest at that time point. While visualization of the inflamed lesion was possible by both BLI and PET imaging until day 14, it was only possible by BLI until day 21 after injection. CONCLUSIONS Tracking of macrophage migration toward inflammation foci was successfully achieved in vivo from early time points by dual reporter gene imaging with a combination of nuclear and optical reporters. Multimodal reporter imaging of macrophages might successfully overcome the limitations of single reporter gene imaging in preclinical models of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samduk 2-ga, Daegu, 700-721, Republic of Korea,
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Paley MA, Prescher JA. Bioluminescence: a versatile technique for imaging cellular and molecular features. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:255-267. [PMID: 27594981 PMCID: PMC5006753 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence is a ubiquitous imaging modality for visualizing biological processes in vivo. This technique employs visible light and interfaces readily with most cell and tissue types, making it a versatile technology for preclinical studies. Here we review basic bioluminescence imaging principles, along with applications of the technology that are relevant to the medicinal chemistry community. These include noninvasive cell tracking experiments, analyses of protein function, and methods to visualize small molecule metabolites. In each section, we also discuss how bioluminescent tools have revealed insights into experimental therapies and aided drug discovery. Last, we highlight the development of new bioluminescent tools that will enable more sensitive and multi-component imaging experiments and, thus, expand our broader understanding of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A. Paley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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17
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Henry KM, Pase L, Ramos-Lopez CF, Lieschke GJ, Renshaw SA, Reyes-Aldasoro CC. PhagoSight: an open-source MATLAB® package for the analysis of fluorescent neutrophil and macrophage migration in a zebrafish model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72636. [PMID: 24023630 PMCID: PMC3758287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration in zebrafish larvae is increasingly used as a model to study the response of these leukocytes to different determinants of the cellular inflammatory response. However, it remains challenging to extract comprehensive information describing the behaviour of neutrophils from the multi-dimensional data sets acquired with widefield or confocal microscopes. Here, we describe PhagoSight, an open-source software package for the segmentation, tracking and visualisation of migrating phagocytes in three dimensions. The algorithms in PhagoSight extract a large number of measurements that summarise the behaviour of neutrophils, but that could potentially be applied to any moving fluorescent cells. To derive a useful panel of variables quantifying aspects of neutrophil migratory behaviour, and to demonstrate the utility of PhagoSight, we evaluated changes in the volume of migrating neutrophils. Cell volume increased as neutrophils migrated towards the wound region of injured zebrafish. PhagoSight is openly available as MATLAB® m-files under the GNU General Public License. Synthetic data sets and a comprehensive user manual are available from http://www.phagosight.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Henry
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Pase
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Graham J. Lieschke
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
- Information Engineering and Medical Imaging Group, City University London, London, United Kingdom
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McCarthy J, O'Neill MJ, Bourre L, Walsh D, Quinlan A, Hurley G, Ogier J, Shanahan F, Melgar S, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM. Gene silencing of TNF-alpha in a murine model of acute colitis using a modified cyclodextrin delivery system. J Control Release 2013; 168:28-34. [PMID: 23500058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The cytokine TNF-alpha (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in mediating this inflammatory response. RNA interference (RNAi) holds great promise for the specific and selective silencing of aberrantly expressed genes, such as TNF-α in IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an amphiphilic cationic cyclodextrin (CD) vector for effective TNF-α siRNA delivery to macrophage cells and to mice with induced acute-colitis. The stability of CD.siRNA was examined by gel electrophoresis in biorelevant media reflecting colonic fluids. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with CD.TNF-α siRNA, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-α and IL-6 responses were measured by PCR and ELISA. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and treated by intrarectal administration with either CD.siRNA TNF-α or a control solution. In vitro, siRNA in CD nanocomplexes remained intact and stable in both fed and fasted simulated colonic fluids. RAW264.7 cells transfected with CD.TNF-α siRNA and stimulated with LPS displayed a significant reduction in both gene and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6. CD.TNF-α siRNA-treated mice revealed a mild amelioration in clinical signs of colitis, but significant reductions in total colon weight and colonic mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to DSS-control mice were detected. This data indicates the clinical potential of a local CD-based TNF-α siRNA delivery system for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McCarthy
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Miyauchi E, O'Callaghan J, Buttó LF, Hurley G, Melgar S, Tanabe S, Shanahan F, Nally K, O'Toole PW. Mechanism of protection of transepithelial barrier function by Lactobacillus salivarius: strain dependence and attenuation by bacteriocin production. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G1029-41. [PMID: 22961803 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00003.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced barrier function is one mechanism whereby commensals and probiotic bacteria limit translocation of foreign antigens or pathogens in the gut. However, barrier protection is not exhibited by all probiotic or commensals and the strain-specific molecules involved remain to be clarified. We evaluated the effects of 33 individual Lactobacillus salivarius strains on the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced barrier impairment in human epithelial Caco-2 cells. These strains showed markedly different effects on H(2)O(2)-induced reduction in transepithelial resistance (TER). The effective strains such as UCC118 and CCUG38008 attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced disassembly and relocalization of tight junction proteins, but the ineffective strain AH43324 did not. Strains UCC118 and CCUG38008 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in Caco-2 cells, and the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the barrier-protecting effect of these strains. In contrast, the AH43324 strain induced phosphorylation of Akt and p38, which was associated with an absence of a protective effect. Global transcriptome analysis of UCC118 and AH43324 revealed that some genes in a bacteriocin gene cluster were upregulated in AH43324 under TER assay conditions. A bacteriocin-negative UCC118 mutant displayed significantly greater suppressive effect on H(2)O(2)-induced reduction in TER compared with wild-type UCC118. The wild-type strain augmented H(2)O(2)-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p38, whereas a bacteriocin-negative UCC118 mutant did not. These observations indicate that L. salivarius strains are widely divergent in their capacity for barrier protection, and this is underpinned by differences in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, bacteriocin production appears to have an attenuating influence on lactobacillus-mediated barrier protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyauchi
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Baker J, Brown K, Rajendiran E, Yip A, DeCoffe D, Dai C, Molcan E, Chittick SA, Ghosh S, Mahmoud S, Gibson DL. Medicinal lavender modulates the enteric microbiota to protect against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G825-36. [PMID: 22821949 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00327.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, inclusive of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, consists of immunologically mediated disorders involving the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Lavender oil is a traditional medicine used to relieve many gastrointestinal disorders. The goal of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of the essential oil obtained from a novel lavender cultivar, Lavandula×intermedia cultivar Okanagan lavender (OLEO), in a mouse model of acute colitis caused by Citrobacter rodentium. In colitic mice, oral gavage with OLEO resulted in less severe disease, including decreased morbidity and mortality, reduced intestinal tissue damage, and decreased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, with reduced levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-22, macrophage inflammatory protein-2α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. This was associated with increased levels of regulatory T cell populations compared with untreated colitic mice. Recently, we demonstrated that the composition of the enteric microbiota affects susceptibility to C. rodentium-induced colitis. Here, we found that oral administration of OLEO induced microbiota enriched with members of the phylum Firmicutes, including segmented filamentous bacteria, which are known to protect against the damaging effects of C. rodentium. Additionally, during infection, OLEO treatment promoted the maintenance of microbiota loads, with specific increases in Firmicutes bacteria and decreases in γ-Proteobacteria. We observed that Firmicutes bacteria were intimately associated with the apical region of the intestinal epithelial cells during infection, suggesting that their protective effect was through contact with the gut wall. Finally, we show that OLEO inhibited C. rodentium growth and adherence to Caco-2 cells, primarily through the activities of 1,8-cineole and borneol. These results indicate that while OLEO promoted Firmicutes populations, it also controlled pathogen load through antimicrobial activity. Overall, our results reveal that OLEO can protect against colitis through the microbial-immunity nexus and that a pharmacological agent, in this case OLEO, alters the normal enteric microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baker
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, ASC 368, 3333 Univ. Way, The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7
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The sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue FTY720 impairs mucosal immunity and clearance of the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2712-23. [PMID: 22615252 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06319-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) analogue FTY720 is therapeutically efficacious in multiple sclerosis and in the prevention of transplant rejection. It prevents the migration of lymphocytes to sites of pathology by trapping them within the peripheral lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and Peyer's patches. However, evidence suggests that its clinical use may increase the risk of mucosal infections. We investigated the impact of FTY720 treatment on susceptibility to gastrointestinal infection with the mouse enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. This attaching and effacing bacterium induces a transient bacterial colitis in immunocompetent mice that resembles human infection with pathogenic Escherichia coli. FTY720 treatment induced peripheral blood lymphopenia, trapped lymphocytes in the MLNs, and prevented the clearance of bacteria when mice were infected with luciferase-tagged C. rodentium. FTY720-treated C. rodentium-infected mice had enhanced colonic inflammation, with significantly higher colon mass, colon histopathology, and neutrophil infiltration than vehicle-infected animals. In addition, FTY720-treated infected mice had significantly lower numbers of colonic dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that FTY720-treated infected mice had an impaired innate immune response and a blunted mucosal adaptive immune response, including Th1 cytokines. The data demonstrate that the S1P analogue FTY720 adversely affects the immune response to and clearance of C. rodentium.
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Wu Y, Wang S, Farooq SM, Castelvetere MP, Hou Y, Gao JL, Navarro JV, Oupicky D, Sun F, Li C. A chemokine receptor CXCR2 macromolecular complex regulates neutrophil functions in inflammatory diseases. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5744-55. [PMID: 22203670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.315762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in a wide range of human diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, arteriosclerosis, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Neutrophilic accumulation in the inflamed tissues is an essential component of normal host defense against infection, but uncontrolled neutrophilic infiltration can cause progressive damage to the tissue epithelium. The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its specific ligands have been reported to play critical roles in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases. However, it is unclear how CXCR2 is coupled specifically to its downstream signaling molecules and modulates cellular functions of neutrophils. Here we show that the PDZ scaffold protein NHERF1 couples CXCR2 to its downstream effector phospholipase C (PLC)-β2, forming a macromolecular complex, through a PDZ-based interaction. We assembled a macromolecular complex of CXCR2·NHERF1·PLC-β2 in vitro, and we also detected such a complex in neutrophils by co-immunoprecipitation. We further observed that the CXCR2-containing macromolecular complex is critical for the CXCR2-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization and the resultant migration and infiltration of neutrophils, as disrupting the complex with a cell permeant CXCR2-specific peptide (containing the PDZ motif) inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization, chemotaxis, and transepithelial migration of neutrophils. Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role of the PDZ-dependent CXCR2 macromolecular signaling complex in regulating neutrophil functions and suggest that targeting the CXCR2 multiprotein complex may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for certain inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is associated with enhanced leukocyte infiltration to the gut, which is directly linked to the clinical aspects of these disorders. Thus, leukocyte trafficking is a major target for IBD therapy. Past and emerging techniques to study leukocyte trafficking both in vitro and in vivo have expanded our knowledge of the leukocyte migration process and the role of inhibitors. Various strategies have been employed to target chemokine- and integrin-ligand interactions within the multistep adhesion cascade and the S1P/S1PR1 axis in leukocyte migration. Though there is an abundance of preclinical data demonstrating efficacy of leukocyte trafficking inhibitors, many have yet to be confirmed in clinical studies. Vigilance for toxicity and further research is required into this complex and emerging area of IBD therapy.
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