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Sato S. Adipo-oncology: adipocyte-derived factors govern engraftment, survival, and progression of metastatic cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38238841 PMCID: PMC10797898 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for metastatic cancers have limited efficacy. Recently, cancer therapies targeting noncancerous cells in tumor microenvironments have shown improved clinical outcomes in patients. However, further advances in our understanding of the metastatic tumor microenvironment are required to improve treatment outcomes. Adipocytes are distributed throughout the body, and as a part of the metastatic tumor microenvironment, they interact with cancer cells in almost all organs. Adipocytes secrete various factors that are reported to exert clinical effects on cancer progression, including engraftment, survival, and expansion at the metastatic sites. However, only a few studies have comprehensively examined their impact on cancer cells. In this review, we examined the impact of adipocytes on cancer by describing the adipocyte-secreted factors that are involved in controlling metastatic cancer, focusing on adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, chemerin, resistin, apelin, and omentin. Adipocyte-secreted factors promote cancer metastasis and contribute to various biological functions of cancer cells, including migration, invasion, proliferation, immune evasion, and drug resistance at the metastatic sites. We propose the establishment and expansion of "adipo-oncology" as a research field to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the role of adipocytes in metastatic cancers and the development of more robust metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
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Meeks KAC, Bentley AR, Assimes TL, Franceschini N, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN, Doumatey AP. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal role for circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels in homeostatic model assessment-derived measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Africans without type 2 diabetes. Genome Med 2023; 15:108. [PMID: 38049854 PMCID: PMC10694992 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that certain cytokines and hormones may play a role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, studies on their role in T2D in humans are scarce. We evaluated associations between 11 circulating cytokines and hormones with T2D among a population of sub-Saharan Africans and tested for causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS We used logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and recruitment country to regress levels of 11 cytokines and hormones (adipsin, leptin, visfatin, PAI-1, GIP, GLP-1, ghrelin, resistin, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) on T2D among Ghanaians, Nigerians, and Kenyans from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus study including 2276 individuals with T2D and 2790 non-T2D individuals. Similar linear regression models were fitted with homeostatic modelling assessments of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and β-cell function (HOMA-B) as dependent variables among non-T2D individuals (n = 2790). We used 35 genetic variants previously associated with at least one of these 11 cytokines and hormones among non-T2D individuals as instrumental variables in univariable and multivariable MR analyses. Statistical significance was set at 0.0045 (0.05/11 cytokines and hormones). RESULTS Circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels were associated with T2D. Nine of the 11 cytokines and hormones (exceptions GLP-1 and IL-6) were associated with HOMA-S, HOMA-B, or both among non-T2D individuals. Two-stage least squares MR analysis provided evidence for a causal effect of GIP and IL-RA on HOMA-S and HOMA-B in multivariable analyses (GIP ~ HOMA-S β = - 0.67, P-value = 1.88 × 10-6 and HOMA-B β = 0.59, P-value = 1.88 × 10-5; IL-1RA ~ HOMA-S β = - 0.51, P-value = 8.49 × 10-5 and HOMA-B β = 0.48, P-value = 5.71 × 10-4). IL-RA was partly mediated via BMI (30-34%), but GIP was not. Inverse variance weighted MR analysis provided evidence for a causal effect of adipsin on T2D (multivariable OR = 1.83, P-value = 9.79 × 10-6), though these associations were not consistent in all sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this comprehensive MR analysis indicate that circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels are causal for reduced insulin sensitivity and increased β-cell function. GIP's effect being independent of BMI suggests that circulating levels of GIP could be a promising early biomarker for T2D risk. Our MR analyses do not provide conclusive evidence for a causal role of other circulating cytokines in T2D among sub-Saharan Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA.
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A ste 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5611, USA.
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de Luis Román D, Benito-Sendín Plaar K, Primo Martín D, Izaola O, Aller R. Relationship of resistin gene polymorphism (rs7139228) with resistin levels and metabolic syndrome risk in obese subjects. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:325-331. [PMID: 36719007 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: despite the relationship of resistin with metabolic syndrome (MS), the relationship of the 5'UTR intron C/T variant SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene with the presence of MS has not been evaluated. Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene on circulating resistin levels, as well as on MS in obese subjects. Material and Methods: a Caucasian population of 1003 obese subjects was enrolled. An anthropometric evaluation (weight, waist circumference, fat mass), evaluation of nutritional intake, biochemical study (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR, resistin) and rs7139228 genotype was carried out. Results: genotype distribution was: 852 subjects with GG (84.9 %), 147 subjects with GA (14.7 %) and 4 subjects with AA (0.4 %). The allelic frequency was G (0.92) and A (0.08). Serum levels of resistin (delta: 1.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.01), insulin (delta: 4.2 ± 0.4 IU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (delta: 1.9 ± 0.2 units; p = 0.03) were higher in patients carrying the A allele than in non-carriers. The overall prevalence of MS was 48.1 %. A logistic regression analysis showed a high percentage of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.08-2.96; p = 0.02) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.07-3.39, p = 0.02) in carriers of the A allele after adjusting for resistin levels, sex, BMI and age. Conclusions: the A allele of the genetic variant rs7139228 is associated with higher levels of resistin, basal insulin, insulin resistance, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Luis Román
- Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica de Valladolid (IENVA). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid
| | - Katia Benito-Sendín Plaar
- Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica de Valladolid (IENVA). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid
| | - David Primo Martín
- Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica de Valladolid (IENVA). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica de Valladolid (IENVA). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid
| | - Rocío Aller
- Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición Clínica de Valladolid (IENVA). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valladolid
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Chiti H, Peyrovi P, Ramazani A, Mazloomzadeh S, Parsamanesh N. Positive association of -420C > G single nucleotide polymorphism in resistin gene promoter with insulin resistance indices in diabetic type 2 patients. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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de Luis D, Aller R, Izaola O, Primo D. Role of the rs10401670 variant in the resistin gene on the metabolic response after weight loss secondary to a high-fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:722-730. [PMID: 34907604 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs10401670) of the RETN gene has been associated with metabolic disorder in obese subjects and has scarcely been evaluated after dietary interventions. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of the rs10401670 RETN gene polymorphism on metabolic changes secondary to weight loss and secondary to a high-fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. METHODS A Caucasian population comprising 284 obese patients without diabetes mellitus was analysed. Before and after 3 months of a high-fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. A statistical analysis was conducted for the combined CT and TT as a group and for wild-type CC as a second group. RESULTS Decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference were similar in both genotypes groups. In T allele carriers, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides and C-reactive protein levels were decreased. The decrease in these parameters was statistically significant for triglycerides (-22.3 ± 9.3 mg dl-1 : p = 0.03), C-reactive protein (-2.8 ± 0.5 mg dl-1 : p = 0.03), insulin (-7.4 ± 2.9 mUI L-1 : p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (-2.4 ± 1.0: p = 0.02). Leptin levels were decreased in both genotypes groups after the hypocaloric diet, as well as the anthropometric parameters BMI, weight, waist circumference and fat mass. Resistin and adiponectin levels remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we have detected a significant association between the T allele of this SNP and a better response of insulin resistance, triglycerides and C-reactive protein compared to non T allele carriers after weight loss with a high-fat hypocaloric diet and a Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocío Aller
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Primo
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Bouziana S, Tziomalos K, Goulas A, Vyzantiadis TA, Papadopoulou M, Panderi A, Ηatzitolios AΙ. Effects of major adipokines and the -420 C > G resistin gene polymorphism on the long-term outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:978-985. [PMID: 30885017 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1596906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The association between adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the long-term outcome of ischemic stroke are controversial. We aimed to evaluate this relationship. Methods: We prospectively studied 83 patients consecutively hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke (38.6% males, age 79.7 ± 6.3 years). Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels and the -420C > G polymorphism of the resistin gene were determined at admission. Stroke severity at admission was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). One year after discharge, functional status, incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality were recorded. Functional status was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results: Patients with the G allele had lower mRS (p < .05) and patients with adverse outcome had higher serum resistin levels (p < .05). The only independent predictor of adverse outcome was mRS at discharge (risk ratio (RR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-5.00; p < .001). Higher adiponectin levels were an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14; p < .05). Patients who died had higher serum adiponectin levels than those who survived (p < .05). The only independent predictor of all-cause mortality was NIHSS at admission (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.35; p < .01). Conclusions: In patients with acute ischemic stroke, the G allele of the -420C > G polymorphism of the resistin gene promoter is more frequent in those with a more favorable functional outcome at one year after discharge. Patients with higher serum resistin levels appear to have worse long-term functional outcome, while higher serum adiponectin levels are associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bouziana
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Antonis Goulas
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Timoleon-Achilleas Vyzantiadis
- First Department of Microbiology, Medical Department School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Maria Papadopoulou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Athanasia Panderi
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Apostolos Ι Ηatzitolios
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Antonio de Luis D, Aller R, Izaola O, Primo D, Bachiller R. The rs10401670 variant in resistin gene improved insulin resistance response and metabolic parameters secondaries to weight loss after a hypocaloric diet. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 14:14-18. [PMID: 28531393 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SNP 3'UTR C/T (rs10401670), it is a polymorphism that has been associated with diabetes mellitus and it has been scarcely studied before. As far as we know, no studies on interaction among diet intervention, rs10401670 variant of RETN and metabolic response has been realized. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the effects of the rs10401670 RETN gene polymorphism on insulin resistance response and metabolic changes secondary to weight loss after 3 months of a hypocaloric diet in adults obese patients without diabetes mellitus. DESIGN A Caucasian population of 135 obese patients without diabetes mellitus was analyzed. Before and after 3 months on a low fat hypocaloric diet, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined CT and TT as a group (minor allele group) and wild type CC as second group (major allele group) (dominant model). RESULTS Forty nine patients (36.3%) had the genotype CC (major allele group) and 86 (63.7%) patients had the next genotypes; CT (67 patients, 49.6%) or TT (19 patients, 14.1%) (minor allele group). After dietary treatment and in major allele group, weight, BMI, fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference decreases were similar than minor allele group. In T allele carriers, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels decreased significantly. In non T allele carriers and after dietary treatment, only LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased. In non T Allele carriers, the decrease in total cholesterol was -15.1 ± 18.3 mg/dl (decrease in T Allele carriers -18.3 ± 15.7 mg/dl: p > 0.05), LDL-cholesterol was -14.3 ± 18.5 mg/dl (decrease in T Allele carriers -17.3 ± 10.1 mg/dl:p > 0.05), fasting glucose plasma -2.2 ± 1.5 mg/dL (decrease in T Allele carriers -4.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL: p = 0.02), insulin -1.1 ± 2.0 mUI/L (decrease in T Allele carriers -6.3 ± 1.9 mUI/L: p = 0.001) and HOMA-IR -0.2 ± 1.0 (decrease in T Allele carriers -1.8 ± 1.4: p = 0.005). Leptin levels decrease in both genotypes after dietary treatment (-21.1 ± 8.5 ng/dL in nonT Allele carriers vs -16.2 ± 10.2 ng/dL in T Allele carriers:p > 0.05). Resistin remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION In our study in non-diabetic obese subjects, we describe an association of rs10401670T allele with a better metabolic response (glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR) secondary to weight loss with a hypocaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid Spain.
| | - Rocío Aller
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid Spain
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid Spain
| | - David Primo
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid Spain
| | - R Bachiller
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid Spain
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Onuma H, Tabara Y, Kawamura R, Ohashi J, Nishida W, Takata Y, Ochi M, Nishimiya T, Ohyagi Y, Kawamoto R, Kohara K, Miki T, Osawa H. Dual Effects of a RETN Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at -420 on Plasma Resistin: Genotype and DNA Methylation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:884-892. [PMID: 27929711 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT We previously reported that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-420 C>G (rs1862513) in the promoter region of RETN was associated with type 2 diabetes. Plasma resistin was tightly correlated with SNP-420 genotypes. SNP-420 is a CpG-SNP affecting the sequence of cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides. OBJECTIVE To examine whether methylation at SNP-420 affects plasma resistin, we analyzed plasma resistin and methylation at RETN SNP-420. DESIGN AND METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cells in 2078 Japanese subjects. Quantification of the methylation was performed by pyrosequencing after DNA bisulfite conversion. RESULTS Methylation at SNP-420 was highest in the C/C genotype (36.9 ± 5.7%), followed by C/G (21.4 ± 3.5%) and G/G (2.9 ± 1.4%; P < 0.001). When assessed in each genotype, methylation at SNP-420 was inversely associated with plasma resistin in the C/C (β = -0.134, P < 0.001) or C/G (β = -0.227, P < 0.001) genotype. In THP-1 human monocytes intrinsically having the C/C genotype, a demethylating reagent, 5-aza-dC, decreased the methylation at SNP-420 and increased RETN messenger RNA. SNP+1263 (rs3745369), located in the 3' untranslated region of RETN, was also associated with methylation at SNP-420. In addition, highly sensitive C-reactive protein was inversely associated with methylation at SNP-420 in the C/C genotype, whereas body mass index was positively associated. CONCLUSIONS Plasma resistin was inversely associated with the extent of methylation at SNP-420 mainly dependent on the SNP-420 genotype. The association can also be explained partially independent of SNP-420 genotypes. SNP-420 could have dual, genetic and epigenetic effects on plasma resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; and
| | | | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Park HK, Kwak MK, Kim HJ, Ahima RS. Linking resistin, inflammation, and cardiometabolic diseases. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:239-247. [PMID: 28192887 PMCID: PMC5339472 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes a variety of bioactive substances that are associated with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While resistin was first known as an adipocyte-secreted hormone (adipokine) linked to obesity and insulin resistance in rodents, it is predominantly expressed and secreted by macrophages in humans. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate that increased resistin levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Resistin also appears to mediate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, arterial inflammation, and the formation of foam cells. Thus, resistin is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that resistin is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. The present review will focus on the role of human resistin in the pathogeneses of inflammation and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence to Rexford S. Ahima, M.D. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, #333, 1830 East Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA Tel: +1-443-287-4719 Fax: +1-410-367-2042 E-mail:
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de Luis DA, Izaola O, Primo D, de la Fuente B, Mulero I, Aller R. The rs1862513 Variant in Resistin Gene-Modified Insulin Resistance and Insulin Levels after Weight Loss Secondary to Hypocaloric Diet. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 69:256-262. [PMID: 28064279 DOI: 10.1159/000453676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Polymorphisms of a single nucleotide in RETN have been associated with indexes of insulin resistance. Our aim was to analyze the effects of the rs1862513 RETN gene polymorphism on insulin resistance, insulin levels, and resistin levels changes after 3 months of a low-fat hypocaloric diet. DESIGN A Caucasian population of 133 obese patients was analyzed before and after 3 months on a low-fat hypocaloric diet. RESULTS Fifty-six patients (42.1%) had the genotype GG (wild group) and 77 (57.9%) patients had the other genotypes; GC (59 patients, 44.4%) or CC (18 patients, 13.5%; mutant group). In wild and mutant genotype groups, weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure decreased. In the wild genotype group, the decrease in total cholesterol was -13.1 ± 25.3 mg/dL (vs. -4.4 ± 13.7 mg/dL in mutant group: p = 0.004 for group deltas), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was -13.0 ± 21.5 mg/dL (-4.3 ± 10.5 mg/dL: p = 0.007), glucose -7.2 ± 3.5 mg/dL (-0.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL: p = 0.01), insulin -5.6 ± 2.5 mUI/L (-2.9 ± 1.2 mUI/L: p = 0.03) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) -2.5 ± 1.1 (-0.6 ± 1.4: p = 0.02). Leptin levels decreased in both genotypes (-10.1 ± 9.5 ng/dL in wild type group vs. -13.1 ± 0.2 ng/dL in mutant type group: p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the G/G genotype of RETN rs1862513 could be a predictor of the reduction of HOMA-IR, insulin, fasting glucose and LDL cholesterol secondary to a hypocaloric diet in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Ho KT, Hsia CP, Huang CN, Chang YH, Lin Y, Shiau MY. Association between resistin promoter -420C>G polymorphisms and producing ability with type 2 diabetes mellitus. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2017.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kawamura R, Tabara Y, Tsukada A, Igase M, Ohashi J, Yamada R, Takata Y, Kawamoto R, Saito I, Onuma H, Tanigawa T, Yamada K, Kato N, Ohyagi Y, Miki T, Kohara K, Osawa H. Genome-wide association study of plasma resistin levels identified rs1423096 and rs10401670 as possible functional variants in the Japanese population. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:874-881. [PMID: 27664181 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a cytokine inducing insulin resistance in mice. We previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at -420 (rs1862513) and -358 (rs3219175) located in the human resistin gene (RETN) promoter as strong determinants for circulating resistin in the Japanese population. The objective was to identify additional functional variants for circulating resistin. We conducted a genome-wide association study in 448 Japanese subjects. A peak association signal was found on chromosome 19 where RETN is located. The top-hit SNP was SNP -358 G>A, followed by rs1423096 C>T, SNP -420 C>G, and rs10401670 C>T (P = 5.39×10-47, 1.81×10-22, 2.09×10-16, and 9.25×10-15, respectively). Meta-analysis including another two independent general Japanese populations showed that circulating resistin was most strongly associated with SNP-358, followed by SNP-420, rs1423096, and rs10401670. Rs1423096 and rs10401670 were located in the 3'-region of RETN and were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Although these SNPs were also in linkage disequilibrium with the promoter SNPs, conditional and haplotype association analyses identified rs1423096 and rs10401670 as independent determinants for circulating resistin. Functionally, nuclear proteins specifically recognized T but not C at rs10401670 as evidenced by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The promoter activity of a luciferase reporter with T at either rs1423096 or rs10401670 was lower than that with C in THP-1 human monocytes. Therefore, rs1423096 and rs10401670, in addition to SNP-420 and SNP-358, were identified as possible functional variants affecting circulating resistin by the genome-wide search in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Kawamura
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsukada
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takata
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onuma
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ohyagi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
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Huang X, Yang Z. Resistin's, obesity and insulin resistance: the continuing disconnect between rodents and humans. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:607-15. [PMID: 26662574 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to discuss the conflicting findings from resistin research in rodents and humans as well as recent advances in our understanding of resistin's role in obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS A comprehensive review and synthesis of resistin's role in obesity and insulin resistance as well as conflicting findings from resistin research in rodents and humans. RESULTS In rodents, resistin is increased in high-fat/high-carbohydrate-fed, obese states characterized by impaired glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Resistin plays a causative role in the development of insulin resistance in rodents via 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) signaling. In contrast to rodents, human resistin is primarily secreted by peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as opposed to white adipocytes. Circulating resistin levels have been positively associated with central/visceral obesity (but not BMI) as well as insulin resistance, while other studies show no such association. Human resistin has a role in pro-inflammatory processes that have been conclusively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. PBMCs, as well as vascular cells, have been identified as the primary targets of resistin's pro-inflammatory activity via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, p50/p65) and other signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Mounting evidence reveals a continuing disconnect between resistin's role in rodents and humans due to significant differences between these two species with respect to resistin's gene and protein structure, differential gene regulation, tissue-specific distribution, and insulin resistance induction as well as a paucity of evidence regarding the resistin receptor and downstream signaling mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Department of Radiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hechuan Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Antonio de Luis D, Izaola O, Primo D, Aller R, Pacheco D. Effect of two polymorphisms of the resistin gene (rs10401670 and rs1862513) on resistin levels and biochemical parameters in morbidly obese patients 1 year after a biliopancreatic diversion surgery. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1517-1521. [PMID: 27118275 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the resistin gene RETN have been described: rs10401670 and rs1862513. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of these SNPs on changes in serum resistin levels, biochemical parameters and weight after biliopancreatic diversion surgery in morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus. METHODS A sample of 155 patients with morbid obesity without diabetes mellitus was enrolled. Anthropometric and biochemical evaluations were realized at the basal visit and at 12 months. The percentage of subjects with hypertension and hyperlipidemia was also reported. RESULTS Initial percentage excess weight loss, body mass index, weight, waist circumference, fat mass, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides levels, insulin and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improve after 12 months. No differences in these improvements were detected between the two genotypes (wild vs mutant group) in each SNP analysis. Resistin levels only changed after surgery in wild genotypes of both SNPs (rs1862513 and rs10401670). The improvement in insulin levels was lower in the mutant group of rs1862513 (-3.4 ± 0.4 UI/dl vs -2.3 ± 0.2 UI/dl; P < 0.05) and rs1040167 (-3.3 ± 0.2 UI/dl vs -1.9 ± 0.3 UI/dl; P < 0.05). The decrease of HOMA-IR was lower in mutant group of rs1862513 (-1.4 ± 0.1 units vs -0.9 ± 0.3 units; P < 0.05) and rs10401670 (-1.2 ± 0.2 units vs -0.9 ± 0.3 units; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The main result of this study was that the mutant genotype of two SNPs of the RETN gene (rs1862513 and rs10401670) was associated with a lack of change in resistin secondary to biliopancreatic diversion. The improvement in insulin levels and HOMA-IR was also lower in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Primo
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocio Aller
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Pacheco
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Motawi TMK, Shaker OG, El-Sawalhi MM, Abdel-Nasser ZM. Visfatin -948G/T and resistin -420C/G polymorphisms in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular diseases. Genome 2014; 57:259-66. [PMID: 25120107 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. Visfatin/Nampt and resistin are novel adipokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) complication. Several genetic studies have shown inconsistent results regarding association of visfatin/Nampt gene (NAMPT) and resistin gene (RETN) polymorphisms with T2DM and CVD complications. Here, we investigate whether NAMPT -948G/T and RETN -420C/G polymorphisms are associated with T2DM, its CVD complications, and serum adipokines levels in 90 Egyptian diabetic patients (44 without CVD and 46 with CVD) along with 60 healthy control subjects. Higher frequencies of NAMPT -948G/G and RETN -420G/G were observed among T2DM patients compared with controls. Furthermore, the frequencies of these genotypes were significantly higher in T2DM patients with CVD than those without CVD. Both NAMPT -948G/G and RETN -420G/G genotypes and G alleles were significantly associated with T2DM and CVD in Egyptian diabetic patients. Moreover, serum visfatin/Nampt and resistin levels were markedly elevated in T2DM patients, with the highest values observed in G/G genotypes among T2DM patients with CVD. In addition, positive correlations were observed between plasma adipokines levels and CVD risk factors. In conclusion, our data suggests that genetic variations in NAMPT -948G/T and RETN -420C/G may contribute to the disposition for T2DM and its CVD complications in Egyptian patients. However, further studies with greater sample size should be performed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M K Motawi
- a Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excess accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue and other organs, and chronic inflammation associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are major health concerns. Resistin was first discovered as an adipose-secreted hormone (adipokine) linked to obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. Adipocyte-derived resistin is increased in obese rodents and strongly related to insulin resistance. However, in contrast to rodents, resistin is expressed and secreted from macrophages in humans and is increased in inflammatory conditions. Some studies have also suggested an association between increased resistin levels and insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Genetic studies have provided additional evidence for a role of resistin in insulin resistance and inflammation. Resistin appears to mediate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, arterial inflammation, and formation of foam cells. Indeed, resistin is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. There is also growing evidence that elevated resistin is associated with the development of heart failure. This review will focus on the biology of resistin in rodents and humans, and evidence linking resistin with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Boumaiza I, Omezzine A, Rejeb J, Rebhi L, Ben Rejeb N, Nabli N, Ben Abdelaziz A, Bouslama A. Association between four resistin polymorphisms, obesity, and metabolic syndrome parameters in Tunisian volunteers. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1356-62. [PMID: 23020084 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin is an adipocyte-secreted cytokine recently discovered and has been proposed as a link between obesity and diabetes. Many resistin gene polymorphisms were described and their implication in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) was controversial. Our aim was to study the relationship between four resistin polymorphisms (420C/G, 44G/A, 62G/A, and 394C/G), MetS parameters, and the risk of obesity in Tunisian volunteers. We recruited 169 nonobese (sex ratio=0.594; mean age=43.25±13.12 years; mean body mass index [BMI]=24.73±3.50 kg/m(2)) and 160 obese subjects (sex ratio=0.221; mean age=48.41±10.92 years; mean BMI=36.6±4.8 kg/m(2)). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anthropometric parameters, lipid levels, glycemia, and insulinemia were measured. BMI was calculated and insulin resistance was evaluated with the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 17.0. The 420C/G seems to contribute to obesity. In fact adjusted odds ratio (OR) of obesity associated to mutated genotypes was 2.17 and 95% confidence interval was 1.28-3.68 (p=0.004). Mutated genotypes at 420C/G were associated with higher waist circumference and BMI. In addition, 44G/A polymorphism was associated with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The other genotypes showed no association with MetS parameters. Concerning association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and MetS risk, only mutated genotypes at 44G/A increase the risk of MetS after adjustment to confounding parameters (OR=1.93, p=0.023). In conclusion, resistin gene polymorphisms 420C/G and 44G/A were associated with obesity and MetS parameters in Tunisian volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Boumaiza
- Biochemistry Department, UR MSP 28/04, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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18
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Association of the resistin gene promoter region polymorphism with Kawasaki disease in Chinese children. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:356362. [PMID: 22577247 PMCID: PMC3337635 DOI: 10.1155/2012/356362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The −420 C > G polymorphism located in the resistin gene (RETN) promoter has recently been suggested to play a potential role in proinflammatory conditions and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the association of the RETN promoter polymorphism with Kawasaki disease (KD) and its clinical parameters in Chinese children. Methods. We compared patients with complete KD to incomplete KD children. Genotyping of the RETN promoter polymorphism was performed using MassARRAY system, and serum resistin levels were estimated using the sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. Results. There was no significant difference in RETN (−420 C > G) genotypes between KD and control groups. However, the frequency of the G allele was higher in iKD patients than in cKD children due to a significantly increased frequency of the GG genotypes. Serum levels of resistin were significantly higher in KD patients than in controls regardless of the presence of coronary artery lesions (CALs). Conclusion. The present findings suggest that while resistin may play a role in the pathogenesis of KD, there is no apparent association between CAL and the RETN (−420 C > G) gene polymorphism in KD children. However, the diagnosis of iKD is challenging but can be supported by the presence of the G allele and the GG genotypes.
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19
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Schwartz DR, Lazar MA. Human resistin: found in translation from mouse to man. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:259-65. [PMID: 21497511 PMCID: PMC3130099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of resistin 10 years ago as a fat cell-secreted factor that modulates insulin resistance suggested a link to the current obesity-associated epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which are major human health concerns. Although adipocyte-derived resistin is indisputably linked to insulin resistance in rodent models, the relevance of human resistin is complicated because human resistin is secreted by macrophages rather than adipocytes, and because of the descriptive nature of human epidemiology. In this review, we examine the recent and growing evidence that human resistin is an inflammatory biomarker and a potential mediator of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Gupta V, Singh A, Pant A. Could resistin be a noble marker for metabolic syndrome? Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Menzaghi C, Trischitta V. Genetics of serum resistin: a paradigm of population-specific regulation? Diabetologia 2010; 53:226-8. [PMID: 19882136 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Qasim AN, Metkus TS, Tadesse M, Lehrke M, Restine S, Wolfe ML, Hannenhalli S, Cappola T, Rader DJ, Reilly MP. Resistin gene variation is associated with systemic inflammation but not plasma adipokine levels, metabolic syndrome or coronary atherosclerosis in nondiabetic Caucasians. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 70:698-705. [PMID: 18710472 PMCID: PMC3108432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistin causes insulin resistance and diabetes in mice whereas in humans it is linked to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Few human genetic studies of resistin in inflammation and atherosclerosis have been performed. We hypothesized that the -420C>G putative gain-of-function resistin variant would be associated with inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis but not with metabolic syndrome or adipokines in humans. DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the association of three resistin polymorphisms, -852A>G, -420C>G and +157C>T, and related haplotypes with plasma resistin, cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), adipokines, plasma lipoproteins, metabolic syndrome and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in nondiabetic Caucasians (n = 851). RESULTS Resistin levels were higher, dose-dependently, with the -420G allele (CC 5.9 +/- 2.7 ng/ml, GC 6.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml and GG 7.2 +/- 4.8 ng/ml, trend P = 0.04) after age and gender adjustment [fold higher for GC + GG vs. CC; 1.07 (1.00-1.15), P < 0.05)]. The -852A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with higher soluble tumour necrosis factor-receptor 2 (sol-TNFR2) levels in fully adjusted models [1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11), P = 0.01)]. The estimated resistin haplotype (GGT) was associated with sol-TNFR2 (P = 0.04) and the AGT haplotype was related to CRP (P = 0.04) in the fully adjusted models. Resistin SNPs and haplotypes were not associated with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, adipokines or CAC scores. CONCLUSIONS Despite modest associations with plasma resistin and inflammatory biomarkers, resistin 5' variants were not associated with metabolic parameters or coronary calcification. This suggests that resistin is an inflammatory cytokine in humans but has little influence on adiposity, metabolic syndrome or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif N. Qasim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Metkus
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mahlet Tadesse
- Department of Mathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Restine
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan L. Wolfe
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Cappola
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, and Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Hivert MF, Manning AK, McAteer JB, Dupuis J, Fox CS, Cupples LA, Meigs JB, Florez JC. Association of variants in RETN with plasma resistin levels and diabetes-related traits in the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes 2009; 58:750-6. [PMID: 19074981 PMCID: PMC2646076 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The RETN gene encodes the adipokine resistin. Associations of RETN with plasma resistin levels, type 2 diabetes, and related metabolic traits have been inconsistent. Using comprehensive linkage disequilibrium mapping, we genotyped tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RETN and tested associations with plasma resistin levels, risk of diabetes, and glycemic traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 2,531 Framingham Offspring Study participants for resistin levels, glycemic phenotypes, and incident diabetes over 28 years of follow-up. We genotyped 21 tag SNPs that capture common (minor allele frequency >0.05) or previously reported SNPs at r2 > 0.8 across RETN and its flanking regions. We used sex- and age-adjusted linear mixed-effects models (with/without BMI adjustment) to test additive associations of SNPs with traits, adjusted Cox proportional hazards models accounting for relatedness for incident diabetes, and generated empirical P values (Pe) to control for type 1 error. RESULTS Four tag SNPs (rs1477341, rs4804765, rs1423096, and rs10401670) on the 3' side of RETN were strongly associated with resistin levels (all minor alleles associated with higher levels, Pe<0.05 after multiple testing correction). rs10401670 was also associated with fasting plasma glucose (Pe = 0.02, BMI adjusted) and mean glucose over follow-up (Pe = 0.01; BMI adjusted). No significant association was observed for adiposity traits. On meta-analysis, the previously reported association of SNP -420C/G (rs1862513) with resistin levels remained significant (P = 0.0009) but with high heterogeneity across studies (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SNPs in the 3' region of RETN are associated with resistin levels, and one of them is also associated with glucose levels, although replication is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Hivert
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Takeuchi M, Okamoto K, Takagi T, Ishii H. Ethnic difference in inter-East Asian subjects with normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on fasting serum insulin. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 82:383-90. [PMID: 18945510 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate ethnic difference by focusing on fasting serum insulin (FSI) in inter-East Asian subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR). METHODS Data sources included MEDLINE and EMBASE between 2001 and 2007. We conducted a search for articles containing mean or geometric mean values of FSI in East Asian subjects with NGT, IGR, or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The Monte Carlo method was used for simulation of the mean and standard deviation of individual measures in each ethnic group; calculation of the median ratio and 95% confidence interval of individual measures between ethnic groups. RESULTS Twenty-two articles fully met our pre-determined criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that FSI level is significantly lower in Japanese subjects with NGT, IGR, or T2DM than in Korean and Chinese subjects. CONCLUSIONS Ethnic difference in FSI level between East Asians was observed in not only T2DM patients but also subjects with NGT or IGR. The lower FSI level in Japanese subjects was accompanied by lower triglyceride level. These results suggest that ethnic difference in dietary habit was one of the most influential factors for the ethnic difference in FSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Takeuchi
- Pharmaceutical Information Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Aberle J, Flitsch J, Beck NA, Mann O, Busch P, Peitsmeier P, Beil FU. Genetic variation may influence obesity only under conditions of diet: analysis of three candidate genes. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 95:188-91. [PMID: 18815063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Under the hypothesis of obesity as a polygenetic disease numerous genes have been associated with an obese phenotype and metabolic co-morbidities. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1) is part of an underinvestigated system that participates in appetite control. Previous publications suggest that the endocannabinoid systems interact with the better understood leptin-melanocortin axis. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a player in the latter. Finally resistin has been shown to influence NPY expression in the brain. In a cohort of 1721 caucasion men and women with a BMI of 25kg/m(2) or more we therefore investigated three candidate polymorphisms at baseline and following 3 months low fat caloric restriction diet by polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion: the 1359 G/A variant of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), the L7P variation in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the -420C>G polymorphism in resistin. Comparing groups according to genotype for each gene separately revealed significant results at baseline only for the CB1 gene. However, upon dieting significant data was found for all 3 genes. Carriers of at least one A allele in CB1 lost more weight and reduced LDL cholesterol more than wildtype patients. LL homocygotes in NPY had a greater reduction in glucose, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol whereas in resistin carriers of the G allele had a greater reduction in weight and triglycerides. Creating two groups defined by NPY and resistin genotype, respectively, with similar BMI values resulted in significant differences concerning weight loss and metabolic improvement. In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity may become relevant only under the condition of a low calory diet. The presence of a certain genotype may then be beneficial for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Aberle
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, 3. Medizinische Klinik, Sektion Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Osawa H, Ochi M, Tabara Y, Kato K, Yamauchi J, Takata Y, Nishida W, Onuma H, Shimizu I, Fujii Y, Miki T, Ohashi J, Makino H. Serum resistin is positively correlated with the accumulation of metabolic syndrome factors in type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69:74-80. [PMID: 18081734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistin, secreted from adipocytes, causes insulin resistance in rodents. We reported that the G/G genotype of a resistin gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -420 increases type 2 diabetes (T2DM) susceptibility by enhancing promoter activity. We also showed that serum resistin was positively correlated with G at SNP-420, the duration of T2DM, and HbA1c in T2DM. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between serum resistin and factors related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in T2DM. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS We analysed 238 Japanese T2DM subjects (124 males and 114 females, age 60.2 +/- 11.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.1 +/- 3.9) whose overnight fasting sera were available. Serum resistin was measured using ELISA. RESULTS Serum resistin was higher in subjects with either obesity (P = 0.041), low HDL (P = 0.004), high triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.019), hypertension (HT) (P = 0.001) or atherosclerosis (P = 0.012). Simple regression analysis revealed that serum resistin was correlated with lower HDL, TG and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Multiple regression analysis (or logistic regression analysis for HT), adjusted for age, gender, BMI and the duration of T2DM, revealed that serum resistin was correlated with lower HDL (P = 0.008), TG (P = 0.041), HT (P = 0.031) and hsCRP (P = 0.004). Serum resistin was positively correlated with the number of MetS factors, independent of age, gender and the duration of T2DM (P < 0.001). Adjustment by either thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment or hsCRP had no effects on these findings. CONCLUSIONS Serum resistin was positively correlated with the accumulation of MetS factors in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime Prefectural Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
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27
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Beckers S, Peeters AV, Freitas FD, Mertens IL, Hendrickx JJ, Van Gaal LF, Van Hul W. Analysis of genetic variations in the resistin gene shows no associations with obesity in women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:905-7. [PMID: 18239575 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is thought to be involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding resistin could contribute to this link, but different studies have yielded contradictory results. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in resistin are involved in the development of obesity in a Belgian female population. We selected three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1862513, rs3745367, and rs3745369) and compared their genotype and allele frequencies between female obese patients (N = 541) and control individuals (N = 235). This analysis showed association with neither obesity for any of the variants nor with the haplotypes of these SNPs. Furthermore, we also investigated whether these variants have an influence on BMI. After Kruskal-Wallis analysis, we found that there was no difference in BMI between the genotypes for all variants. Together, these results suggest that these variants in resistin are not associated with obesity in the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigri Beckers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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28
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Ukkola O, Kunnari A, Kesäniemi YA. Genetic variants at the resistin locus are associated with the plasma resistin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 149:56-9. [PMID: 18440081 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the resistin gene on the plasma resistin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma resistin concentrations were measured and SNP -420C>G, +157C>T, and +299G>A genotyped in our Finnish population-based cohort. Association analyses were performed in the control group of the cohort (n=515). In addition, the hypertension group (n=505), representing a high-risk group, was analyzed for these SNP's and the frequencies were compared with the low-risk control group. Resistin concentration differed significantly between the SNP genotypes, the common homozygotes having the lowest concentration in every SNP (p<0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI SNP -420C-C homozygotes had the lowest IGFBP-1 (p=0.001), the highest GHbA1c (p=0.028) in all the subjects and the lowest quick index (p<0.001) and the highest insulin (p<0.001) among female subjects of the control cohort. Plasma triglycerides were the lowest among G-G homozygotes (p=0.006). In addition, the SNP -420C allele was more frequent among hypertensive than control cohort (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS The results imply that genetic variation seems to have a role in the determination of plasma resistin level. SNP -420C-C homozygozity status seems to be associated with more deleterious metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Ukkola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
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Ahima RS, Lazar MA. Adipokines and the peripheral and neural control of energy balance. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:1023-31. [PMID: 18202144 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are secreted by adipose tissue and control various physiological systems. Low leptin levels during fasting stimulate feeding, reduce energy expenditure, and modulate neuroendocrine and immune function to conserve energy stores. On the other hand, rising leptin levels in the overfed state prevent weight gain by inhibiting food intake and increasing energy expenditure. These actions are mediated by neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Leptin also controls glucose and lipid metabolism by targeting enzymes such as AMP-activated protein kinase and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 in liver and muscle. Likewise, adiponectin and resistin control energy balance and insulin sensitivity via central and peripheral targets. As highlighted in this review, there are distinct as well as common signaling pathways for adipokines. Understanding adipokine signaling in the brain and other organs will provide insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity, diabetes and various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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30
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Tang NP, Wang LS, Yang L, Zhou B, Gu HJ, Sun QM, Cong RH, Zhu HJ, Wang B. A polymorphism in the resistin gene promoter and the risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 68:82-7. [PMID: 17727677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistin, a novel adipocyte-derived peptide, has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recently, -420C>G, a variant located in the promoter region of the resistin gene (RETN) was identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between this RETN-420C>G polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN A hospital-based case-control study. PATIENTS A total of 225 CAD patients and 225 age- and sex-matched control subjects. MEASUREMENTS Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis to detect the presence of the RETN-420C>G polymorphism. RESULTS The frequencies of RETN-420C>G genotypes in the CAD group were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.024). Subjects with the variant genotypes (CG and GG) had a 62% increased risk of CAD compared to CC carriers [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-2.41, P = 0.016]. However, there were no significant differences between the genotypes with respect to weight, body mass index (BMI) and lipid profiles in CAD patients, and no significant association was found between the RETN-420C>G polymorphism and the severity of CAD. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the RETN-420C>G polymorphism might be associated with an increased risk of CAD in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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