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Ullah Khan S, Daniela Hernández-González K, Ali A, Shakeel Raza Rizvi S. Diabetes and the fabkin complex: A dual-edged sword. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116196. [PMID: 38588831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The Fabkin complex, composed of FABP4, ADK, and NDPKs, emerges as a novel regulator of insulin-producing beta cells, offering promising prospects for diabetes treatment. Our approach, which combines literature review and database analysis, sets the stage for future research. These findings hold significant implications for both diabetes treatment and research, as they present potential therapeutic targets for personalized treatment, leading to enhanced patient outcomes and a deeper comprehension of the disease. The multifaceted role of the Fabkin complex in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, beta cell proliferation, and vascular function underscores its therapeutic potential, reshaping diabetes management and propelling advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faculty of sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.C. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Karla Daniela Hernández-González
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faculty of sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.C. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Zeng W, Yin X, Jiang Y, Jin L, Liang W. PPARα at the crossroad of metabolic-immune regulation in cancer. FEBS J 2022; 289:7726-7739. [PMID: 34480827 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rewiring metabolism to sustain cell growth, division, and survival is the most prominent feature of cancer cells. In particular, dysregulated lipid metabolism in cancer has received accumulating interest, since lipid molecules serve as cell membrane structure components, secondary signaling messengers, and energy sources. Given the critical role of immune cells in host defense against cancer, recent studies have revealed that immune cells compete for nutrients with cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and accordingly develop adaptive metabolic strategies for survival at the expense of compromised immune functions. Among these strategies, lipid metabolism reprogramming toward fatty acid oxidation is closely related to the immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, it is important to understand the lipid-mediated crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) consist of a nuclear receptor family for lipid sensing, and one of the family members PPARα is responsible for fatty acid oxidation, energy homeostasis, and regulation of immune cell functions. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of PPARα-associated metabolic-immune regulation in tumor-infiltrated immune cells, and key metabolic events and pathways involved, as well as their influences on antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Low-Concentrations of Fatty Acids Induce an Early Increase in IL-8 Levels in Normal Human Astrocytes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040329. [PMID: 35448516 PMCID: PMC9031664 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to exhibit a pro-inflammatory response in various cell types, but astrocytes have been mostly overlooked. FAs, both saturated and unsaturated, have previously been shown to induce pro-inflammatory responses in astrocytes at high concentrations of hundreds of µg/mL. SSO (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl Oleate sodium), an inhibitor of FA translocase CD36, has been shown to prevent inflammation in the mouse brain by acting on local microglia and infiltrating monocytes. Our hypothesis was that SSO treatment would also impact astrocyte pro-inflammatory response to FA. In order to verify our assumption, we evaluated the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in normal human astrocyte cell culture pre-treated (or not) with SSO, and then exposed to low concentrations of both saturated (palmitic acid) and unsaturated (oleic acid) FAs. As a positive control for astrocyte inflammation, we used fibrillary amyloid. Neither Aβ 1–42 nor FAs induced CD36 protein expression in human astrocytes in cell culture At low concentrations, both types of FAs induced IL-8 protein secretion, and this effect was specifically inhibited by SSO pre-treatment. In conclusion, low concentrations of oleic acid are able to induce an early increase in IL-8 expression in normal human astrocytes, which is specifically downregulated by SSO.
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MicroRNA-511-3p Mediated Modulation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Controls LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocyte Derived DCs. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in dendritic cells (DCs), where it exerts anti-inflammatory responses against TLR4-induced inflammation. Recently, microRNA-511 (miR-511) has also emerged as a key player in controlling TLR4-mediated signalling and in regulating the function of DCs. Interestingly, PPARγ has been previously highlighted as a putative target of miR-511 activity; however, the link between miR-511 and PPARγ and its influence on human DC function within the context of LPS-induced inflammatory responses is unknown. Using a selection of miR-511-3p-specific inhibitors and mimics, we demonstrate for the first time that knockdown or overexpression of miR-511-3p inversely correlates with PPARγ mRNA levels and affects its transcriptional activity following treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG; PPARγ agonist), in the presence or absence of LPS. Additionally, we show that PPARγ-mediated suppression of DC activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in miR-511-3p knockdown DCs is abrogated following overexpression of miR-511-3p. Lastly, PPARγ activation suppressed LPS-mediated induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in DCs, most likely due to changes in miR-511-3p expression. Our data thus suggests that PPARγ-induced modulation of DC phenotype and function is influenced by miR-511-3p expression, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against inflammatory diseases.
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Basson AR, Chen C, Sagl F, Trotter A, Bederman I, Gomez-Nguyen A, Sundrud MS, Ilic S, Cominelli F, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604989. [PMID: 33603741 PMCID: PMC7884479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of human obesity, dietary fats have increasingly become a focal point of biomedical research. Epidemiological studies indicate that high-fat diets (HFDs), especially those rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids (e.g., Western Diet, National Health Examination survey; NHANES 'What We Eat in America' report) have multi-organ pro-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these disease associations, and have begun to elaborate mechanisms of disease induction. However, many of the observed effects from epidemiological studies appear to be an over-simplification of the mechanistic complexity that depends on dynamic interactions between the host, the particular fatty acid, and the rather personalized genetics and variability of the gut microbiota. Of interest, experimental studies have shown that certain saturated fats (e.g., lauric and myristic fatty acid-rich coconut oil) could exert the opposite effect; that is, desirable anti-inflammatory and protective mechanisms promoting gut health by unanticipated pathways. Owing to the experimental advantages of laboratory animals for the study of mechanisms under well-controlled dietary settings, we focus this review on the current understanding of how dietary fatty acids impact intestinal biology. We center this discussion on studies from mice and rats, with validation in cell culture systems or human studies. We provide a scoping overview of the most studied diseases mechanisms associated with the induction or prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in rodent models relevant to Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis after feeding either high-fat diet (HFD) or feed containing specific fatty acid or other target dietary molecule. Finally, we provide a general outlook on areas that have been largely or scarcely studied, and assess the effects of HFDs on acute and chronic forms of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christy Chen
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Filip Sagl
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Sanja Ilic
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Lee C, Kim J, Wang S, Sung S, Kim N, Lee HH, Seo YS, Jung Y. Hepatoprotective Effect of Kombucha Tea in Rodent Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2369. [PMID: 31086120 PMCID: PMC6539514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kombucha tea (KT) has emerged as a substance that protects the liver from damage; however, its mechanisms of action on the fatty liver remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of KT and its underlying mechanisms on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). db/db mice that were fed methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diets for seven weeks were treated for vehicle (M + V) or KT (M + K) and fed with MCD for four additional weeks. Histomorphological injury and increased levels of liver enzymes and lipids were evident in the M + V group, whereas these symptoms were ameliorated in the M + K group. The M + K group had more proliferating and less apoptotic hepatocytic cells than the M + V group. Lipid uptake and lipogenesis significantly decreased, and free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation increased in the M + K, when compared with the M + V group. With the reduction of hedgehog signaling, inflammation and fibrosis also declined in the M + K group. Palmitate (PA) treatment increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and decreased the viability of primary hepatocytes, whereas KT suppressed PA-induced damage in these cells by enhancing intracellular lipid disposal. These results suggest that KT protects hepatocytes from lipid toxicity by influencing the lipid metabolism, and it attenuates inflammation and fibrosis, which contributes to liver restoration in mice with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sihyung Wang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sumi Sung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
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Beiki H, Pakdel A, Javaremi AN, Masoudi-Nejad A, Reecy JM. Cattle infection response network and its functional modules. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:2. [PMID: 29301495 PMCID: PMC5755453 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis, a powerful technique used to extract co-expressed gene pattern from mRNA expression data, was constructed to infer common immune strategies used by cattle in response to five different bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus) and a protozoa (Trypanosoma Congolense) using 604 publicly available gene expression microarrays from 12 cattle infection experiments. RESULTS A total of 14,999 transcripts that were differentially expressed (DE) in at least three different infection experiments were consolidated into 15 modules that contained between 43 and 4441 transcripts. The high number of shared DE transcripts between the different types of infections indicated that there were potentially common immune strategies used in response to these infections. The number of transcripts in the identified modules varied in response to different infections. Fourteen modules showed a strong functional enrichment for specific GO/pathway terms related to "immune system process" (71%), "metabolic process" (71%), "growth and developmental process" (64%) and "signaling pathways" (50%), which demonstrated the close interconnection between these biological pathways in response to different infections. The largest module in the network had several over-represented GO/pathway terms related to different aspects of lipid metabolism and genes in this module were down-regulated for the most part during various infections. Significant negative correlations between this module's eigengene values, three immune related modules in the network, and close interconnection between their hub genes, might indicate the potential co-regulation of these modules during different infections in bovine. In addition, the potential function of 93 genes with no functional annotation was inferred based on neighbor analysis and functional uniformity among associated genes. Several hypothetical genes were differentially expressed during experimental infections, which might indicate their important role in cattle response to different infections. CONCLUSIONS We identified several biological pathways involved in immune response to different infections in cattle. These findings provide rich information for experimental biologists to design experiments, interpret experimental results, and develop novel hypothesis on immune response to different infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Beiki
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ardeshir Nejati Javaremi
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Qian X, Guo D, Zhou H, Qiu J, Wang J, Shen C, Guo Z, Xu Y, Dong C. Interactions Between PPARG and AGTR1 Gene Polymorphisms on the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Han Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 22:90-97. [PMID: 29266977 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the interactions between PPARG and AGTR1 polymorphisms and their associations with hypertension in the Chinese Han population. METHODS Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPARG gene and five SNPs of the AGTR1 gene were selected and genotyped in 1591 unrelated Chinese Han adults. The SNPAssoc package of R was used to analyze the associations between the selected SNPs and hypertension. The potential gene-gene interactions between PPARG and AGTR1 genes were tested by model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MB-MDR). RESULTS The frequencies of the C allele of rs3856806 and the G allele of rs13433696 in the PPARG gene were significantly lower in hypertensive subjects, whereas the A allele of rs9817428 in the PPARG gene was much higher in hypertensives. In addition, individuals with T allele of rs2933249 in the AGTR1 gene displayed a significantly decreased risk of hypertension. MB-MDR analyses suggested that the two-locus model (rs9817428 and rs2933249) and the three-locus model (rs9817428, rs3856806, and rs2933249) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of hypertension. Moreover, among the eight SNPs not individually associated with hypertension (rs12631819, rs2920502, rs1175543, and rs2972164 in the PPARG gene, and rs2638360, rs1492100, rs5182, and rs275646 in the AGTR1 gene), the two-locus model involving rs12631819 and rs5182 demonstrated increased susceptibility to hypertension, and the five-locus model involving rs12631819, rs2920502, rs2972164, rs5182, and rs2638360 demonstrated a significantly decreased risk of hypertension. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in both the PPARG and AGTR1 genes were found to be significantly associated with hypertension. Moreover, there were significant gene-gene interactions identified between the PPARG and AGTR1 genes in relation to hypertension susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qian
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- 2 Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Shen
- 3 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Dong
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
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Hasan NS, Kamel SA, Hamed M, Awadallah E, Rahman AHA, Musa NI, Hussein GHS. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ polymorphism (rs1801282) is associated with obesity in Egyptian patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:409-414. [PMID: 30647679 PMCID: PMC6296640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene is one of the possible genes linking diabetes mellitus (DM) with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study is to clarify whether PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with the development of CAD in type 2 diabetic patients and to evaluate PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism genetic distribution in type 2 DM (T2DM) Egyptian subjects. METHODS PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined by Real-Time PCR in serum of 405 subjects classified into 4 groups; T2DM patients (n = 105), T2DM with CAD (n = 100), CAD patients (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 100). RESULTS The PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated significantly with T2DM with CAD (group2) (OR = 3, 95% CI = (1.5-6); p = 0.001). In this study, T2DM with CAD complications carrying the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism had higher BMI than those without the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism (p < 0.0001). CAD patients carrying PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism had considerable insulin resistance features. Plasma paraoxanase 1(PON1) level was considerably reduced among our 3 studied groups in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism might represent a novel risk factor for CAD in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Salah Hasan
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Solaf Ahmed Kamel
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Hamed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Awadallah
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ghada Hussein Sayed Hussein
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Vakrakou AG, Polyzos A, Kapsogeorgou EK, Thanos D, Manoussakis MN. Impaired anti-inflammatory activity of PPARγ in the salivary epithelia of Sjögren's syndrome patients imposed by intrinsic NF-κB activation. J Autoimmun 2017; 86:62-74. [PMID: 29033144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients manifest inflammation in the salivary glands (SG) and evidence of persistent intrinsic activation of ductal SG epithelial cells (SGEC), demonstrable in non-neoplastic SGEC lines derived from patients (SS-SGEC). The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mediates important anti-inflammatory activities in epithelial cells. Herein, the comparative analysis of SG biopsies and SGEC lines obtained from SS patients and controls had revealed constitutively reduced PPARγ expression, transcriptional activity and anti-inflammatory function in the ductal epithelia of SS patients that were associated with cell-autonomously activated NF-κB and IL-1β pathways. Transcriptome profiling analysis revealed several differentially expressed proinflammatory and metabolism-related gene sets in SS-SGEC lines. These aberrations largely correlated with the severity of histopathologic lesions, the disease activity and the occurrence of adverse manifestations in SS patients studied, a fact which corroborates the key role of the persistently-activated epithelia in the pathogenesis of both local and systemic features of this disease. The treatment of control SGEC lines with PPARγ agonists was found to diminish the NF-κB activation and apoptosis induced by proinflammatory agents. In addition, the in-vitro application of PPARγ agonists and pharmacologic inhibitors of IL-1β and NF-κB had significant beneficial effects on SS-SGEC lines, such as the restoration of PPARγ functions and the reduction of their intrinsic activation, a fact which may advocate the future clinical study of the above agents as therapeutic modalities for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Efstathia K Kapsogeorgou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Menelaos N Manoussakis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Athens, Greece; Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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11
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del Cornò M, Scazzocchio B, Masella R, Gessani S. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function by Dietary Polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:737-47. [PMID: 24941314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.713046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marked changes in socioeconomic status, cultural traditions, population growth, and agriculture have been affecting diets worldwide. Nutrition is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, and the use of bioactive food compounds at pharmacologic doses is emerging as a preventive and/or therapeutic approach to target metabolic dysregulations occurring in aging, obesity-related chronic diseases, and cancer. Only recently have data on the effects of specific nutrients or food on the immune system become available, and studies regarding the human immune system are still in their infancy. Beyond providing essential nutrients, diet can actively influence the immune system. Understanding how diet and nutritional status influence the innate and adaptive arms of our immune system represents an area of scientific need, opportunity, and challenge. The insights gleaned should help to address several pressing global health problems. Recently, biologically active polyphenols, which are widespread constituents of fruit and vegetables, have gained importance as complex regulators of various cellular processes, critically involved in the maintenance of body homeostasis. This review outlines the potential effects of polyphenols on the function of dendritic cells (DCs), key players in the orchestration of the immune response. Their effects on different aspects of DC biology including differentiation, maturation, and DC capacity to shift immune response toward tolerance or immune activation will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela del Cornò
- a Department of Hematology , Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- b Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- b Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- a Department of Hematology , Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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12
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Mori N, Wildes F, Takagi T, Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM. The Tumor Microenvironment Modulates Choline and Lipid Metabolism. Front Oncol 2016; 6:262. [PMID: 28066718 PMCID: PMC5177616 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase of cellular phosphocholine (PC) and total choline (tCho)-containing compounds as well as alterations in lipids have been consistently observed in cancer cells and tissue. These metabolic changes are closely related to malignant transformation, invasion, and metastasis. The study of cancer cells in culture plays an important role in understanding mechanisms leading to altered choline (Cho) and lipid metabolism in cancer, as it provides a carefully controlled environment. However, a solid tumor is a complex system with a unique tumor microenvironment frequently containing hypoxic and acidic regions and areas of nutrient deprivation and necrosis. Cancer cell–stromal cell interactions and the extracellular matrix may also alter Cho and lipid metabolism. Human tumor xenograft models in mice are useful to mimic the growth of human cancers and provide insights into the influence of in vivo conditions on metabolism. Here, we have compared metabolites, obtained with high resolution 1H MRS of extracts from human breast and prostate cancer cells in a 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture and from solid tumor xenografts derived from these cells, as well as the protein expression of enzymes that regulate Cho and lipid metabolism. Our data demonstrate significant differences in Cho and lipid metabolism and protein expression patterns between human breast and prostate cancer cells in culture and in tumors derived from these cells. These data highlight the influence of the tumor microenvironment on Cho and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Mori
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Flonné Wildes
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Tomoyo Takagi
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Stafeev IS, Menshikov MY, Tsokolaeva ZI, Shestakova MV, Parfyonova YV. Molecular Mechanisms of Latent Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome. Possible Role of Sirtuins and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Type γ. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1217-26. [PMID: 26567565 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The problem of metabolic syndrome is one of the most important in medicine today. The main hazard of metabolic syndrome is development of latent inflammation in adipose tissue, which promotes atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, myocarditis, and a number of other illnesses. Therefore, understanding of molecular mechanisms of latent inflammation in adipose tissue is very important for treatment of metabolic syndrome. Three main components that arise during hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes underlie such inflammation: endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. Each of these components mediates activation in different ways of the key factor of inflammation - NF-κB. For metabolic syndrome therapy, it is suggested to influence a number of inflammatory signaling components by activating other cell factors to suppress development of inflammation. Such potential factors are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors type γ that suppress transcription factor NF-κB through direct contact or via kinase of a NF-κB inhibitor (IKK), and also the antiinflammatory transcription factor AP-1. Other possible targets are type 3 NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins). There are mutually antagonistic relationships between NF-κB and sirtuin type 1 that prevent development of inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sirtuin type 1 inhibits the antiinflammatory transcription factor AP-1. Study of the influence of these factors on the relationship between macrophages and adipocytes, macrophages, and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells can help to understand mechanisms of signaling and development of latent inflammation in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Stafeev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiological Research and Production Complex, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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14
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Ladeira MM, Schoonmaker JP, Gionbelli MP, Dias JCO, Gionbelli TRS, Carvalho JRR, Teixeira PD. Nutrigenomics and Beef Quality: A Review about Lipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060918. [PMID: 27294923 PMCID: PMC4926451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present review is to discuss the results of published studies that show how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and how diet manipulation might change marbling and composition of fat in beef. Several key points in the synthesis of fat in cattle take place at the molecular level, and the association of nutritional factors with the modulation of this metabolism is one of the recent targets of nutrigenomic research. Within this context, special attention has been paid to the study of nuclear receptors associated with fatty acid metabolism. Among the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) stand out. The mRNA synthesis of these transcription factors is regulated by nutrients, and their metabolic action might be potentiated by diet components and change lipogenesis in muscle. Among the options for dietary manipulation with the objective to modulate lipogenesis, the use of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch concentrations, forage ratios and vitamins stand out. Therefore, special care must be exercised in feedlot feed management, mainly when the goal is to produce high marbling beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Jon P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Júlio C O Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
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15
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Immunity and Tolerance Induced by Intestinal Mucosal Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3104727. [PMID: 27034589 PMCID: PMC4789473 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells present in the digestive tract are constantly exposed to environmental antigens, commensal flora, and invading pathogens. Under steady-state conditions, these cells have high tolerogenic potential, triggering differentiation of regulatory T cells to protect the host from unwanted proinflammatory immune responses to innocuous antigens or commensals. On the other hand, these cells must discriminate between commensal flora and invading pathogens and mount powerful immune response against pathogens. A potential result of unbalanced tolerogenic versus proinflammatory responses mediated by dendritic cells is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, food allergies, and celiac disease. Herein, we review the dendritic cell population involved in mediating tolerance and immunity in mucosal surfaces, the progress in unveiling their development in vivo, and factors that can influence their functions.
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16
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Dozsa A, Mihaly J, Dezso B, Csizmadia E, Keresztessy T, Marko L, Rühl R, Remenyik E, Nagy L. Decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ level and signalling in sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:547-51. [PMID: 26800853 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the altered lipid metabolism-related transcriptional events occuring in sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, a lipid-activated transcription factor, is implicated in differentiation and lipid metabolism of sebocytes. We have observed that PPARγ and its target genes, ADRP (adipose differentiation related protein) and PGAR (PPARγ angioprotein related protein) are expressed at lower levels in sebocytes from patients with acne than in those from healthy controls (HCs) Furthermore, endogenous PPARγ activator lipids such as arachidonic acid-derived keto-metabolites (e.g. 5KETE, 12KETE) are increased in acne-involved and nonacne-involved skin of patients with acne, compared with skin from healthy individuals. Our findings highlight the possible anti-inflammatory role of endogenous ligand-activated PPARγ signaling in human sebocyte biology, and suggest that modulating PPARγ- expression and thereby signaling might be a promising strategy for the clinical management of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dozsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology, Semmelweis Ignác Hospital and University Teaching Hospital in Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - J Mihaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - B Dezso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - E Csizmadia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - T Keresztessy
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Marko
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - R Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - E Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,DE-MTA 'Lendület' Immunogenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Kristóf E, Doan-Xuan QM, Bai P, Bacso Z, Fésüs L. Laser-scanning cytometry can quantify human adipocyte browning and proves effectiveness of irisin. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212086 PMCID: PMC4515591 DOI: 10.1038/srep12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser-scanning cytometry is presented as a tool allowing population scale analysis of ex vivo human brown adipogenic differentiation. It combines texture analysis and detection of Ucp1 protein content in single brown adipocytes of mixed cell populations with gene expression pattern and functional characteristics of browning. Using this method we could validate mouse data in human samples demonstrating the effectiveness of irisin to induce “beige” differentiation of subcutaneous white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Kristóf
- MTA-DE Stem Cells, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Quang-Minh Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- MTA-DE Stem Cells, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Charolidi N, Pirianov G, Torsney E, Pearce S, Laing K, Nohturfft A, Cockerill GW. Pioglitazone Identifies a New Target for Aneurysm Treatment: Role of Egr1 in an Experimental Murine Model of Aortic Aneurysm. J Vasc Res 2015; 52:81-93. [PMID: 26113112 DOI: 10.1159/000430986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor x03B3; agonists have been shown to inhibit angiotensin II (AngII)-induced experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Macrophage infiltration to the vascular wall is an early event in this pathology, and therefore we explored the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor x03B3; agonist pioglitazone on AngII-treated macrophages. Using microarray-based expression profiling of phorbol ester-stimulated THP-1 cells, we found that a number of aneurysm-related gene changes effected by AngII were modulated following the addition of pioglitazone. Among those genes, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) was significantly up-regulated (multiple testing corrected p < 0.05). The analysis of the PKD1 proximal promoter revealed a putative early growth response 1 (EGR1) binding site, which was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and quantitative PCR. Further analysis of publicly available ChIP-sequencing data revealed that this putative binding site overlapped with a conserved EGR1 binding peak present in 5 other cell lines. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that EGR1 suppressed PKD1, while AngII significantly up-regulated PKD1, an effect counteracted by pioglitazone. Conversely, in EGR1 short hairpin RNA lentivirally transduced THP-1 cells, reduced EGR1 led to a significant up-regulation of PKD1, especially after treatment with pioglitazone. In vivo, deficiency of Egr1 in the haematopoietic compartment of mice completely abolished the incidence of CaCl2-induced aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Charolidi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Oladi M, Nohtani M, Avan A, Mirhafez SR, Tajbakhsh A, Ghasemi F, Asadi A, Elahdadi Salmani M, Mohammadi A, Hoseinzadeh L, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Impact of the C1431T Polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-γ) Gene on Fasted Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66:149-154. [PMID: 25896411 DOI: 10.1159/000381358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The C1431T polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene is related to diabetes and metabolic-syndrome. However, studies have been inconclusive about its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) and there have been no studies analyzing the association of this polymorphism with fasted-serum-lipid levels in Iranian-individuals with CAD. We investigated the association of PPAR-γ C1431T-polymorphism with CAD and dyslipidaemia in 787 individuals. METHODS Anthropometric-parameters and biochemical-measurements were evaluated, followed by genotyping. The association of the genetic-polymorphisms with CAD and lipid-profile was determined by univariate/multivariate-analyses. RESULTS Patients with CT or CT+TT genotype were at an increased-risk of CAD relative to CC-carriers (adjusted odds ratio: 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.09; p = 0.046). However, in the larger population, CT genotype was present at a higher frequency in the group with a positive angiogram. Furthermore, CT+TT genotypes were associated with an altered fasted-lipid-profile in the initial population sample of patients with a positive angiogram, compared to the group with a negative-angiogram. The angiogram-positive patients carrying the T allele had a significantly higher triglyceride, serum C-reactive protein and fasting-blood-glucose. CONCLUSION We have found the PPAR-γ C1431T polymorphism was significantly associated with fasted serum lipid profile in individuals with angiographically defined CAD. Since accumulating data support the role of PPAR-γ polymorphisms in CAD, further studies are required to investigate the association of this polymorphism with coronary artery disease.
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20
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Dkhar HK, Nanduri R, Mahajan S, Dave S, Saini A, Somavarapu AK, Arora A, Parkesh R, Thakur KG, Mayilraj S, Gupta P. Mycobacterium tuberculosis keto-mycolic acid and macrophage nuclear receptor TR4 modulate foamy biogenesis in granulomas: a case of a heterologous and noncanonical ligand-receptor pair. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:295-305. [PMID: 24907344 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is configured of bioactive lipid classes that are essential for virulence and potentially involved in the formation of foamy macrophages (FMs) and granulomas. Our recent work established crosstalk between M. tuberculosis cell wall lipids and the host lipid-sensing nuclear receptor TR4. In this study, we have characterized, identified, and adopted a heterologous ligand keto-mycolic acid from among M. tuberculosis lipid repertoire for the host orphan NR TR4. Crosstalk between cell wall lipids and TR4 was analyzed by transactivation and promoter reporter assays. Mycolic acid (MA) was found to transactivate TR4 significantly compared with other cell wall lipids. Among the MA, the oxygenated form, keto-MA, was responsible for transactivation, and the identity was validated by TR4 binding assays followed by TLC and nuclear magnetic resonance. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that keto-MA binding to TR4 is energetically favorable. This keto-MA-TR4 axis seems to be essential to this oxygenated MA induction of FMs and granuloma formation as evaluated by in vitro and in vivo model of granuloma formation. TR4 binding with keto-MA features a unique association of host nuclear receptor with a bacterial lipid and adds to the presently known ligand repertoire beyond dietary lipids. Pharmacologic modulation of this heterologous axis may hold promise as an adjunct therapy to frontline tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Ankita Saini
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Arun Kumar Somavarapu
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Ashish Arora
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Raman Parkesh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Shanmugam Mayilraj
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
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Cinci L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Zanardelli M, Micheli L, Guasti D, Ghelardini C. Peroxisome determination in optical microscopy: a useful tool derived by a simplification of an old ultrastructural technique. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:863-70. [PMID: 24685018 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are able to respond to changes in the cellular environment by adapting their number, morphology and metabolic functions. Recently interest in peroxisomes and their possible roles in physiological and pathological processes have significantly increased. In order to identify peroxisomes, several cytochemical techniques have been developed that require fairly complex procedures or are too expensive to be used for screening. In this paper we show that it is possible to label peroxisomes in several cell lines and in tissues by a simple and cheap technique based on 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reactivity. The number of peroxisomes detected with this technique in each cell line was similar to that shown by catalase immunoreaction. The technique appears specific because it was able to detect increased number of peroxisomes after treatment with the specific PPARγ antagonist G3335. Gomori's technique for acid phosphatase activity was used to demonstrate that the DAB positive organelles were not lysosomes. The DAB technique has also been applied to transmission electron microscopy, where it labels round structures that are identified as peroxisomes on the basis of morphology, size and localization. The DAB technique has proved to be specific, simple, fast and cheap, which make it ideal to screen possible peroxisome changes in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
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Ben-Shlomo I, Younis JS. Basic research in PCOS: are we reaching new frontiers? Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:669-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Dozsa A, Dezso B, Toth BI, Bacsi A, Poliska S, Camera E, Picardo M, Zouboulis CC, Bíró T, Schmitz G, Liebisch G, Rühl R, Remenyik E, Nagy L. PPARγ-mediated and arachidonic acid-dependent signaling is involved in differentiation and lipid production of human sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:910-920. [PMID: 24129064 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional basis of sebocyte differentiation and lipid production is mostly unclear. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a lipid-activated transcription factor, has been implicated in differentiation and lipid metabolism of various cell types. Here, we show that PPARγ is differentially expressed in normal and pathological human sebocytes and appears to have roles in their differentiation and lipid production. We used laser-microdissected normal and pathological human sebaceous glands (SGs) and SZ95 cells (immortalized sebocyte cell line) analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Lipids were analyzed by quantitative fluorimetry- and mass spectrometry-based approaches. We have observed that PPARγ and its target genes, ADRP (adipose differentiation-related protein) and PGAR (PPARγ angiopoietin-related protein), are expressed in sebocytes and show association with their level of differentiation. Also, PPARγ is present in normal and hyperplastic SG, whereas its expression levels are decreased in SG adenoma and SG carcinoma cells, reflecting a maturation-linked expression pattern. Furthermore, in SZ95 sebocytes, naturally occurring lipids, including arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid keto-metabolites (e.g., 5-KETE (5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid), 12-KETE (12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid)), appear to regulate PPARγ signaling pathways, which in turn modulate phospholipid biosynthesis and induce neutral lipid synthesis. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of endogenous ligand-activated PPARγ signaling in human sebocyte biology and suggest that PPARγ might be a promising candidate for the clinical management of SG disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Dozsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Dermatology, Health Care Center, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dezso
- Department of Pathology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs I Toth
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, Institute of Dermatology San Gallicano (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, Institute of Dermatology San Gallicano (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; DE-MTA "Lendület" Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Martinez-Rubio L, Morais S, Evensen Ø, Wadsworth S, Vecino JG, Ruohonen K, Bell JG, Tocher DR. Effect of functional feeds on fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism in liver and head kidney of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with experimentally induced heart and skeletal muscle inflammation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1533-1545. [PMID: 23567858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging viral disease caused by a novel Atlantic salmon reovirus (ASRV) affecting farmed fish. Primary symptoms associated with HSMI include myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis indicating a severe inflammatory process. Recently, we applied the concept of clinical nutrition to moderate the long-term inflammatory process associated with HSMI in salmon subjected to experimental ASRV challenge. The use of functional feeds with lower lipid (hence energy) content reduced the inflammatory response to ASRV infection and the severity of associated heart lesions. The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms underpinning the observed effects of the functional feeds, focussing on eicosanoid and fatty acid metabolism in liver and head kidney. Here we show that liver was also a site for histopathological lesions in HSMI showing steatosis reflecting impaired lipid metabolism. This study is also the first to evaluate the expression of a suite of key genes involved in pathways relating diet and membrane phospholipid fatty acid compositions, and the inflammatory response after ASRV infection. The expression of hepatic Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases was higher in fish fed the functional feeds, potentially increasing their capacity for endogenous production and availability of anti-inflammatory EPA. Effects on mobilization of lipids and changes in the LC-PUFA composition of membrane phospholipids, along with significant changes in the expression of the genes related to eicosanoid pathways, showed the important role of the head kidney in inflammatory diseases caused by viral infections. The results from the present study suggest that clinical nutrition through functional feeding could be an effective complementary therapy for emerging salmon viral diseases associated with long-term inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Rubio
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
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25
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Lu D, Han C, Wu T. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-derived 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma cell growth through interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, SMAD2/3, and TAP63 proteins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19484-502. [PMID: 23687300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.453886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent lipid mediator that plays a key role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) catalyzes the oxidation of the 15(S)-hydroxyl group of PGE2, which leads to PGE2 biotransformation. In this study, we showed that the 15-PGDH-derived 15-keto-PGE2 is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) ligand that causes PPAR-γ dissociation from Smad2/3, allowing Smad2/3 association with the TGF-β receptor I and Smad anchor for receptor activation and subsequent Smad2/3 phosphorylation and transcription activation in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. The 15-PGDH/15-keto-PGE2-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation resulted in the formation of the pSmad2/3-TAP63-p53 ternary complex and their binding to the TAP63 promoter, inducing TAP63 autotranscription. The role of TAP63 in 15-PGDH/15-keto-PGE2-induced inhibition of tumor growth was further supported by the observation that knockdown of TAP63 prevented 15-PGDH-induced inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. These findings disclose a novel 15-PGDH-mediated 15-keto-PGE2 signaling cascade that interacts with PPAR-γ, Smad2/3, and TAP63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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26
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Auclair M, Vigouroux C, Boccara F, Capel E, Vigeral C, Guerci B, Lascols O, Capeau J, Caron-Debarle M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ mutations responsible for lipodystrophy with severe hypertension activate the cellular renin-angiotensin system. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:829-38. [PMID: 23393388 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mutations lead to a syndrome of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD3) associated with early-onset severe hypertension. PPARγ can repress the vascular renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II receptor 1 expression. We evaluated the relationships between PPARγ inactivation and cellular RAS using FPLD3 patients' cells and human vascular smooth muscle cells expressing mutant or wild-type PPARγ. Approach and Results- We identified 2 novel PPARG mutations, R165T and L339X, located in the DNA and ligand-binding domains of PPARγ, respectively in 4 patients from 2 FPLD3 families. In cultured skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the 4 patients and healthy controls, we compared markers of RAS activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and tested the effect of modulators of PPARγ and angiotensin II receptor 1. We studied the impact of the 2 mutations on the transcriptional activity of PPARγ and on the vascular RAS in transfected human vascular smooth muscle cells. Systemic RAS was not altered in patients. However, RAS markers were overexpressed in patients' fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as in vascular cells expressing mutant PPARγ. Angiotensin II-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity increased in patients' fibroblasts, consistent with RAS constitutive activation. Patients' cells also displayed oxidative stress and inflammation. PPARγ activation and angiotensin II receptor 1 mRNA silencing reversed RAS overactivation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, arguing for a role of angiotensin II receptor 1 in these processes. CONCLUSIONS Two novel FPLD3-linked PPARG mutations are associated with a defective transrepression of cellular RAS leading to cellular dysfunction, which might contribute to the specific FPLD3-linked severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Auclair
- INSERM UMRS938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
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27
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Maresca V, Flori E, Camera E, Bellei B, Aspite N, Ludovici M, Catricalà C, Cardinali G, Picardo M. Linking αMSH with PPARγ in B16-F10 melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:113-27. [PMID: 22863076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.01042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a new α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) connection in B16-F10 cells. Both PPAR-γ up-regulation and its induction as an active transcription factor were observed in response to α-MSH. The α-MSH/PPAR-γ connection influenced both pigmentation and proliferation. The forskolin-stimulated cAMP/PKA pathway was not able to induce either PPAR-γ translocation into the nucleus or PPAR-γ transcriptional activity. As the melanocortin-1 receptor, the specific receptor for the α-MSH, is a G-protein coupled receptor, we wondered whether the phosphatidylinositol [PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) ] signal pathway was involved in mediating the α-MSH-dependent PPAR-γ activation. Employing inhibitors of PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) pathway, the results of our experiments suggested that this pathway was promoted by α-MSH and that α-MSH played a role in mediating PPAR-γ activation. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that α-MSH induces the PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) pathway, through analysis of the basic steps of the pathway. The α-MSH effect on PPAR-γ was independent of animal species and was not correlated with the physio-pathological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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28
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Renga B, Francisci D, D'Amore C, Schiaroli E, Mencarelli A, Cipriani S, Baldelli F, Fiorucci S. The HIV matrix protein p17 subverts nuclear receptors expression and induces a STAT1-dependent proinflammatory phenotype in monocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35924. [PMID: 22558273 PMCID: PMC3340403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term remission of HIV-1 disease can be readily achieved by combinations of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a residual persistent immune activation caused by circulating non infectious particles or viral proteins is observed under HAART and might contribute to an higher risk of non-AIDS pathologies and death in HIV infected persons. A sustained immune activation supports lipid dysmetabolism and increased risk for development of accelerated atehrosclerosis and ischemic complication in virologically suppressed HIV-infected persons receiving HAART. Aim While several HIV proteins have been identified and characterized for their ability to maintain immune activation, the role of HIV-p17, a matrix protein involved in the viral replication, is still undefined. Results Here, we report that exposure of macrophages to recombinant human p17 induces the expression of proinflammatory and proatherogenic genes (MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD40, CD86 and CD36) while downregulating the expression of nuclear receptors (FXR and PPARγ) that counter-regulate the proinflammatory response and modulate lipid metabolism in these cells. Exposure of macrophage cell lines to p17 activates a signaling pathway mediated by Rack-1/Jak-1/STAT-1 and causes a promoter-dependent regulation of STAT-1 target genes. These effects are abrogated by sera obtained from HIV-infected persons vaccinated with a p17 peptide. Ligands for FXR and PPARγ counteract the effects of p17. Conclusions The results of this study show that HIV p17 highjacks a Rack-1/Jak-1/STAT-1 pathway in macrophages, and that the activation of this pathway leads to a simultaneous dysregulation of immune and metabolic functions. The binding of STAT-1 to specific responsive elements in the promoter of PPARγ and FXR and MCP-1 shifts macrophages toward a pro-atherogenetic phenotype characterized by high levels of expression of the scavenger receptor CD36. The present work identifies p17 as a novel target in HIV therapy and grounds the development of anti-p17 small molecules or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Renga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Scienze Biochimiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Amore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schiaroli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Scienze Biochimiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mencarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Baldelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Scienze Biochimiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mahajan S, Dkhar HK, Chandra V, Dave S, Nanduri R, Janmeja AK, Agrewala JN, Gupta P. Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates macrophage lipid-sensing nuclear receptors PPARγ and TR4 for survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5593-603. [PMID: 22544925 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-macrophage interactions are key to pathogenesis and clearance of these bacteria. Although interactions between M. tuberculosis-associated lipids and TLRs, non-TLRs, and opsonic receptors have been investigated, interactions of these lipids and infected macrophage lipid repertoire with lipid-sensing nuclear receptors expressed in macrophages have not been addressed. In this study, we report that M. tuberculosis-macrophage lipids can interact with host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and testicular receptor 4 to ensure survival of the pathogen by modulating macrophage function. These two lipid-sensing nuclear receptors create a foamy niche within macrophage by modulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor CD36, phagolysosomal maturation block by induction of IL-10, and a blunted innate response by alternative polarization of the macrophages, which leads to survival of M. tuberculosis. These results also suggest possible heterologous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and testicular receptor 4 and are suggestive of adaptive or coevolution of the host and pathogen. Relative mRNA expression levels of these receptors in PBMCs derived from clinical samples convincingly implicate them in tuberculosis susceptibility. These observations expose a novel paradigm in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis amenable for pharmacological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mahajan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
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30
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Ratushny AV, Saleem RA, Sitko K, Ramsey SA, Aitchison JD. Asymmetric positive feedback loops reliably control biological responses. Mol Syst Biol 2012; 8:577. [PMID: 22531117 PMCID: PMC3361002 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive feedback is a common mechanism enabling biological systems to respond to stimuli in a switch-like manner. Such systems are often characterized by the requisite formation of a heterodimer where only one of the pair is subject to feedback. This ASymmetric Self-UpREgulation (ASSURE) motif is central to many biological systems, including cholesterol homeostasis (LXRα/RXRα), adipocyte differentiation (PPARγ/RXRα), development and differentiation (RAR/RXR), myogenesis (MyoD/E12) and cellular antiviral defense (IRF3/IRF7). To understand why this motif is so prevalent, we examined its properties in an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulatory network in yeast (Oaf1p/Pip2p). We demonstrate that the asymmetry in positive feedback confers a competitive advantage and allows the system to robustly increase its responsiveness while precisely tuning the response to a consistent level in the presence of varying stimuli. This study reveals evolutionary advantages for the ASSURE motif, and mechanisms for control, that are relevant to pharmacologic intervention and synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ratushny
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ramsey A Saleem
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine Sitko
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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31
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Cai Y, Zhou J, Webb DC. Estrogen stimulates Th2 cytokine production and regulates the compartmentalisation of eosinophils during allergen challenge in a mouse model of asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:252-60. [PMID: 22398379 DOI: 10.1159/000331437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that asthma becomes more prevalent following puberty in females suggests estrogen potentiates the development of this disease. However, most studies examining the role of estrogen in rodent models of asthma are complicated by their reliance on ovariectomised mice in which hormones other than estrogen are also attenuated. METHODS We aimed to understand the influence of estrogen on allergic airway disease by using type I (tamoxifen) or type II (ICI 182,780) antagonists in female mice or delivering estradiol to male mice during aeroallergen challenge. RESULTS The antagonists showed that estrogen promoted both the mobilisation of bone marrow eosinophils and egression of eosinophils to the airway lumen. These findings were corroborated in male mice treated with estradiol, which increased eosinophil numbers in both blood and airways. Estrogen stimulated goblet cell hyperplasia and baseline lung resistance, but had little effect on the number of eosinophils in the bronchial submucosa or methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity. Estrogen receptor α was expressed by CD4+ T cells from allergic mice, and estrogen promoted the production of IL-5 and IL-13, and suppressed the production of the eicosanoid 12-HETE by mediastinal lymph node cells. CONCLUSIONS These data show that during aeroallergen challenge, estrogen stimulates Th2 cytokine production, which may be linked to its ability to suppress 12-HETE. Lung resistance at baseline, goblet cell hyperplasia and the compartmentalisation of eosinophils was also influenced by estrogen. However, estrogen does not play a major role in stimulating enhanced sensitivity to methacholine-induced lung resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Cai
- Immunology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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32
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Farnesi-de-Assunção TS, Alves CF, Carregaro V, de Oliveira JR, da Silva CA, Cheraim AB, Cunha FQ, Napimoga MH. PPAR-γ agonists, mainly 15d-PGJ2, reduce eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge. Cell Immunol 2012; 273:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shores DR, Binion DG, Freeman BA, Baker PR. New insights into the role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis and resolution of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2192-204. [PMID: 21910181 PMCID: PMC4100336 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary and endogenously modified lipids modulate inflammation by functioning as intra- and intercellular signaling molecules. Proinflammatory lipid mediators such as the eicosanoids compete against the signaling actions of newly discovered modified fatty acids that act to resolve inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease, multiple aberrancies in lipid metabolism have been discovered, which shed further light on the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Mechanisms by which lipids modulate inflammation, abnormalities of lipid metabolism in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease, and potential therapeutic application of lipid derivatives in this setting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darla R. Shores
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David G. Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul R.S. Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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34
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Scott CL, Aumeunier AM, Mowat AM. Intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells: master regulators of tolerance? Trends Immunol 2011; 32:412-9. [PMID: 21816673 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestinal mucosa play a crucial role in tolerance to commensal bacteria and food antigens. These cells originate in the lamina propria (LP) and migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), where they drive the differentiation of gut-homing FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells by producing retinoic acid from dietary vitamin A. Local 'conditioning' factors in the LP might also contribute to this tolerogenic profile of CD103(+) DCs. Considerably less is understood about the generation of active immunity or inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. This might require alterations in pre-existing CD103(+) DCs, arrival of new DCs, or the action of a distinct DC population. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of this as yet incompletely understood population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Scott
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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35
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Whitehead JP. Diabetes: New conductors for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) orchestra. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1071-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Alves C, de Melo N, Fraceto L, de Araújo D, Napimoga M. Effects of 15d-PGJ₂-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocapsules on inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:623-32. [PMID: 20883476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The PPAR-γ agonist 15d-PGJ₂ is a potent anti-inflammatory agent but only at high doses. To improve the efficiency of 15d-PGJ₂, we used poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocapsules to encapsulate it, and function as a drug carrier system. The effects of these loaded nanocapsules (15d-PGJ₂-NC) on inflammation induced by different stimuli were compared with those of free 15d-PGJ₂. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were pretreated (s.c.) with either 15d-PGJ₂-NC or unloaded 15d-PGJ₂ (3, 10 or 30 µg·kg⁻¹), before induction of an inflammatory response by i.p. injection of either endotoxin (LPS), carrageenan (Cg) or mBSA (immune response). KEY RESULTS The 15d-PGJ₂-NC complex did not display changes in physico-chemical parameters or drug association efficiency over time, and was stable for up to 60 days of storage. Neutrophil migration induced by i.p. administration of LPS, Cg or mBSA was inhibited by 15d-PGJ₂-NC, but not by unloaded 15d-PGJ₂. In the Cg model, 15d-PGJ₂-NC markedly inhibited serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12p70. Importantly, 15d-PGJ₂-NC released high amounts of 15d-PGJ₂, reaching a peak between 2 and 8 h after administration. 15d-PGJ ₂ was detected in mouse serum after 24 h, indicating sustained release from the carrier. When the same concentration of unloaded 15d-PGJ₂ was administered, only small amounts of 15d-PGJ₂ were found in the serum after a few hours. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings clearly indicate the potential of the novel anti-inflammatory 15d-PGJ₂ carrier formulation, administered systemically. The formulation enables the use of a much smaller drug dose, and is significantly more effective compared with unloaded 15d-PGJ₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cf Alves
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
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37
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Nuclear receptors: TH17 cell control from within. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3764-9. [PMID: 21745474 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 producing T helper (T(H)17) cells have recently been identified as a new subset involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Exogenous factors promoting T(H)17 induction have been intensely characterized, whereas the T cell-intrinsic mechanisms influencing T(H)17 development are less established. The transcription factor RORγt, which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, serves as master transcription factor essential for T(H)17 differentiation, whereas other members of the nuclear receptor family control T(H)17 differentiation and contribute to protection from T(H)17-mediated autoimmunity. In this review, we will highlight the most recent understandings about the regulatory function of nuclear receptors during T(H)17 cell differentiation.
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38
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Zhou X, Chen J, Xu W. Association between C1431T polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene and coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1863-8. [PMID: 21643757 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The C1431T polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has been shown to be associated with diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear whether this polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study with 864 CAD patients and 1008 controls to explore the association between the PPARγ C1431T polymorphism and risk of CAD in Chinese Han population. Subjects with the variant genotypes (CT + TT) had a 39% decreased risk of CAD relative to CC carriers (adjusted odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.76). Our results suggested that the C1431T polymorphism was associated with a higher body mass index in both CAD patients and controls. Moreover, this polymorphism was also found to be associated with a higher HDL cholesterol level and a lower blood glucose level in CAD patients. In stratified analyses, the T allele was significantly associated with reduced risk of CAD in males, subjects with age <62 years, and non-smokers. In conclusion, the PPARγ C1431T polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of CAD in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
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Buschow SI, Lasonder E, van Deutekom HWM, Oud MM, Beltrame L, Huynen MA, de Vries IJM, Figdor CG, Cavalieri D. Dominant processes during human dendritic cell maturation revealed by integration of proteome and transcriptome at the pathway level. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1727-37. [PMID: 20131907 DOI: 10.1021/pr9008546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression is commonly used to study the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) to identify proteins that determine whether these cells induce an immunostimulatory or tolerogenic immune response. RNA expression, however, does not necessarily predict protein abundance and often requires large numbers of experiments for statistical significance. Proteomics provides a direct view on protein expression but is costly and time consuming. Here, we combined a comprehensive quantitative proteome and transcriptome analysis on a single batch of immature and cytokine cocktail matured human DCs and integrated resulting data sets at the pathway level. Although overall correlation between differential mRNA and protein expression was low, correlation between components of DC relevant pathways was significantly higher. Differentially expressed proteins and genes partly mapped to identical but also to different pathway components demonstrating that RNA and protein data not only supported but also complemented each other. We identified 5 dominant pathways, which confirmed the importance of cytokines, cell adhesion, and migration in DC maturation and also indicated a fundamental role for lipid metabolism. From these pathways we extracted novel maturation markers that might improve DC vaccine design. For several of the candidate markers we confirmed widespread significance examining DCs from multiple individuals, underscoring the validity of our approach. We conclude that integration of different but related data sets at the pathway level can significantly increase the predictive power of multi "omics" analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Tumor Immunology and CMBI at the Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells with the unique ability of primary immune response initiation. DCs originate from bone marrow progenitors, which circulate in the peripheral blood and subsequently penetrate peripheral tissues, where they give rise to immature DCs. In peripheral tissues, DCs continuously monitor the microenvironment and, when the cells encounter 'danger' signals, DCs undergo differentiation and maturation. Maturing DCs usually migrate to lymphatic tissues, where they form contacts with T cells to initiate a primary immune response. DCs were identified in arteries in 1995 and since then, further knowledge has been gained about the peculiarities of vascular-associated DCs and their role in atherosclerosis. Immune reactions toward modified lipoproteins and other factors ignited by resident vascular DCs as well as by newly arrived DCs, which originate from blood monocytes, are believed to destabilize arterial homeostasis from very earlier stages of atherogenesis. There is a remarkable heterogeneity of DCs in atherosclerotic lesions. Some DCs mature and become capable of forming clusters with T cells directly within the arterial wall. The predictive value of the numbers of circulating DC precursors in coronary artery disease and in atherosclerosis has been assessed, and it has been shown that DCs have a role in plaque destabilization. Over recent decades, DCs have proven to be a valuable instrument in immunotherapy approaches against cancer and various autoimmune diseases, and this explains the demand that the accumulated knowledge be applied to the field of atherosclerosis immunotherapy.
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Wan J, Xiong S, Chao S, Xiao J, Ma Y, Wang J, Roy S. PPARgamma gene C161T substitution alters lipid profile in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:13. [PMID: 20334678 PMCID: PMC2859850 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which regulates gene expression of the key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, and proliferation. PPARγ may contribute to attenuating atherogenesis and postangioplasty restenosis. PPARγ C161→T substitution is associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether or not the gene substitution alters the risk of CAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients remains unclear. Methods A total of 556 unrelated subjects from a Chinese Han population, including 89 healthy subjects, 78 CAD patients, 86 T2DM patients, and 303 CAD combined with T2DM patients, were recruited to enroll in this study. PPARγC161→T gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Plasma levels of lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were measured by ELISA or radioimmunoassay (RIA). The coronary artery lesions were evaluated by coronary angiography. Results The frequency of the 161T allele in CAD, T2DM, and CAD combined with T2DM patients was similar to that observed in the healthy control group. However, in CAD combined with T2DM patients, the group with angiographically documented moderate stenoses had a higher frequency of the 161T allele in comparison to the group with severe stenoses (P < 0.05). Moreover, in CAD with T2DM patients, the triglyceride levels and apoB in CC homozygote carriers were significantly higher than those in "T" allele carriers. Conclusions PPARγC161→T genotypes weren't significantly associated with the risk of CAD, but were markedly correlated with severity of disease vessels in patients with CAD and T2DM. Furthermore, PPARγC161→T substitution was associated with an altered adipose, but not glucose metabolism. These results indicate that the PPARγ C161→T polymorphism may reduce the risk of severe atherogenesis by modulation of adipose metabolism, especially triglycerides and apoB, in Chinese patients with CAD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Singh S, Bennett RG. Relaxin signaling activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 315:239-45. [PMID: 19712722 PMCID: PMC2814924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Relaxin is a polypeptide hormone that triggers multiple signaling pathways through its receptor RXFP1 (relaxin family peptide receptor 1). Many of relaxin's functions, including vascular and antifibrotic effects, are similar to those induced by activation of PPARgamma. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that relaxin signaling through RXFP1 would activate PPARgamma activity. In cells overexpressing RXFP1 (HEK-RXFP1), relaxin increased transcriptional activity through a PPAR response element (PPRE) in a concentration-dependent manner. In cells lacking RXFP1, relaxin had no effect. Relaxin increased both the baseline activity and the response to the PPARgamma agonists rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ(2), but not to agonists of PPARalpha or PPARdelta. In HEK-RXFP1 cells infected with adenovirus expressing PPARgamma, relaxin increased transcriptional activity through PPRE, and this effect was blocked with an adenovirus expressing a dominant-negative PPARgamma. Knockdown of PPARgamma using siRNA resulted in a decrease in the response to both relaxin and rosiglitazone. Both relaxin and rosiglitazone increased expression of the PPARgamma target genes CD36 and LXRalpha in HEK-RXFP1 and in THP-1 cells naturally expressing RXFP1. Relaxin did not increase PPARgamma mRNA or protein levels. Treatment of cells with GW9662, an inhibitor of PPARgamma ligand binding, effectively blocked rosiglitazone-induced PPARgamma activation, but had no effect on relaxin activation of PPARgamma. These results suggest that relaxin activates PPARgamma activity, and increases the overall response in the presence of PPARgamma agonists. This activation is dependent on the presence of RXFP1. Furthermore, relaxin activates PPARgamma via a ligand-independent mechanism. These studies represent the first report that relaxin can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Kong W, Yen JH, Vassiliou E, Adhikary S, Toscano MG, Ganea D. Docosahexaenoic acid prevents dendritic cell maturation and in vitro and in vivo expression of the IL-12 cytokine family. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:12. [PMID: 20122166 PMCID: PMC2827414 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute and chronic inflammation play essential roles in inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Protective anti-inflammatory effects of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were reported in animal models of colitis, sepsis, and stroke. Since dendritic cells (DC) represent the essential cellular link between innate and adaptive immunity and have a prominent role in tolerance for self-antigens, we sought to investigate the impact of DHA on DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Methods Murine bone marrow-derived DC were treated with DHA and stimulated with various toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of surface maturation markers and endocytic activity. Cytokine expression and secretion were measured by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA assays. PPARγ and NFκB activity in nuclear extracts were determined by binding to specific oligonucleotide sequences using ELISA-based assays. In vivo effects of DHA were assessed in splenic DC from LPS-inoculated mice maintained on a DHA-enriched diet. Results DHA maintained the immature phenotype in bone marrow-derived DC by preventing the upregulation of MHCII and costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) and maintaining high levels of endocytic activity. DHA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the IL-12 cytokine family (IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27), from DC stimulated with TLR2, 3, 4, and 9 ligands. DHA inhibition of IL-12 expression was mediated through activation of PPARγ and inhibition of NFκBp65 nuclear translocation. DHA exerted a similar inhibitory effect on IL-12 and IL-23 expression in vivo in LPS-inoculated mice maintained on a DHA-enriched diet. Conclusions Exposure of bone marrow-derived DC to DHA resulted in the maintenance of an immature phenotype and drastic reduction in proinflammatory cytokine release. DHA inhibited the expression and secretion of the IL-12 cytokine family members (IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-27), which play essential roles in the differentiation of the proinflammatory Th1/Th17 effector cells. The effect of DHA on IL-12 expression was mediated through activation of PPARγ and inhibition of NFκB. Inhibition of IL-12 and IL-23 expression was also evident in splenic DC from mice fed a DHA-enriched diet, suggesting that dietary DHA acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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Moyes KM, Drackley JK, Morin DE, Bionaz M, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Everts RE, Lewin HA, Loor JJ. Gene network and pathway analysis of bovine mammary tissue challenged with Streptococcus uberis reveals induction of cell proliferation and inhibition of PPARgamma signaling as potential mechanism for the negative relationships between immune response and lipid metabolism. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:542. [PMID: 19925655 PMCID: PMC2784807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information generated via microarrays might uncover interactions between the mammary gland and Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) that could help identify control measures for the prevention and spread of S. uberis mastitis, as well as improve overall animal health and welfare, and decrease economic losses to dairy farmers. The main objective of this study was to determine the most affected gene networks and pathways in mammary tissue in response to an intramammary infection (IMI) with S. uberis and relate these with other physiological measurements associated with immune and/or metabolic responses to mastitis challenge with S. uberis O140J. RESULTS Streptococcus uberis IMI resulted in 2,102 (1,939 annotated) differentially expressed genes (DEG). Within this set of DEG, we uncovered 20 significantly enriched canonical pathways (with 20 to 61 genes each), the majority of which were signaling pathways. Among the most inhibited were LXR/RXR Signaling and PPARalpha/RXRalpha Signaling. Pathways activated by IMI were IL-10 Signaling and IL-6 Signaling which likely reflected counter mechanisms of mammary tissue to respond to infection. Of the 2,102 DEG, 1,082 were up-regulated during IMI and were primarily involved with the immune response, e.g., IL6, TNF, IL8, IL10, SELL, LYZ, and SAA3. Genes down-regulated (1,020) included those associated with milk fat synthesis, e.g., LPIN1, LPL, CD36, and BTN1A1. Network analysis of DEG indicated that TNF had positive relationships with genes involved with immune system function (e.g., CD14, IL8, IL1B, and TLR2) and negative relationships with genes involved with lipid metabolism (e.g., GPAM, SCD, FABP4, CD36, and LPL) and antioxidant activity (SOD1). CONCLUSION Results provided novel information into the early signaling and metabolic pathways in mammary tissue that are associated with the innate immune response to S. uberis infection. Our study indicated that IMI challenge with S. uberis (strain O140J) elicited a strong transcriptomic response, leading to potent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways that were associated with a marked inhibition of lipid synthesis, stress-activated kinase signaling cascades, and PPAR signaling (most likely PPARgamma). This latter effect may provide a mechanistic explanation for the inverse relationship between immune response and milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Moyes
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - James K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Dawn E Morin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, 61802, USA
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Robin E Everts
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
- Sequenom, Inc, 3595 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Harris A Lewin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, 61801, USA
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Hassumi MY, Silva-Filho VJ, Campos-Júnior JC, Vieira SM, Cunha FQ, Alves PM, Alves JB, Kawai T, Gonçalves RB, Napimoga MH. PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone prevents inflammatory periodontal bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1150-8. [PMID: 19508902 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RGZ), an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is a high-affinity synthetic agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have also revealed that RGZ possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of RGZ in a rat model of periodontal disease induced by ligature placed around the mandible first molars of each animal. Male Wister rats were divided into four groups: 1) animals without ligature placement receiving administration of empty vehicle (control); 2) animals with ligature receiving administration of empty vehicle; 3) animals with ligature receiving administration with oral RGZ (10 mg/kg/day); and 4) animals with ligature receiving administration of subcutaneous RGZ (10 mg/kg/day). Thirty days after induction of periodontal disease, the animals were sacrificed, and mandibles and gingival tissues were removed for further analysis. An in vitro assay was also employed to test the inhibitory effects of RGZ on osteoclastogenesis. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses of periodontal tissue demonstrated that RGZ-treated animals presented decreased bone resorption, along with reduced RANKL expression, compared to those animals with ligature, but treated with empty vehicle. Corresponding to such results obtained from in vivo experiments, RGZ also suppressed in vitro osteoclast differentiation in the presence of RANKL in MOCP-5 osteoclast precursor cells, along with the down-regulation of the expression of RANKL-induced TRAP mRNA. These data indicated that RGZ may suppress the bone resorption by inhibiting RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis elicited during the course of experimental periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Y Hassumi
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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