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Wang R, Dijkstra FA, Han X, Jiang Y. Root nitrogen reallocation: what makes it matter? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00114-6. [PMID: 38825557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Root nitrogen (N) reallocation involves remobilization of root N-storage pools to support shoot growth. Representing a critical yet underexplored facet of plant function, we developed innovative frameworks to elucidate its connections with key ecosystem components. First, root N reallocation increases with plant species richness and N-acquisition strategies, driven by competitive stimulation of plant N demand and synergies in N uptake. Second, competitive root traits and mycorrhizal symbioses, which enhance N foraging and uptake, exhibit trade-offs with root N reallocation. Furthermore, root N reallocation is attenuated by N-supply attributes such as increasing litter quality, soil fungi-to-bacteria ratios, and microbial recruitment in the hyphosphere/rhizosphere. These frameworks provide new insights and research avenues for understanding the ecological roles of root N reallocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feike A Dijkstra
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Kou X, Liu H, Chen H, Xu Z, Yu X, Cao X, Liu D, Wen L, Zhuo Y, Wang L. Multifunctionality and maintenance mechanism of wetland ecosystems in the littoral zone of the northern semi-arid region lake driven by environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161956. [PMID: 36737024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (BEMF) has become an ecological research hot spot in recent years. Changes in biodiversity are non-randomly distributed in space and time in natural ecosystems, and the BEMF relationship is affected by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. These complex, uncertain relationships are affected by research scale and quantification and measurement indicators. This paper took the Daihai littoral zone wetlands in Inner Mongolia as the research object to reveal the dynamic succession of wetland vegetation and ecosystem function change characteristics and processes during the shrinkage of the lake. The main findings were as follows: the combined effect of aboveground (species and functions) and belowground (bacteria and fungi) diversity was greater than the effect of single components on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) (R2 = 80.00 %). Soil salinity (EC) had a direct negative effect on EMF (λ = -0.22), and soil moisture (SM) had a direct positive effect on EMF (λ = 0.19). The results of the hierarchical partitioning analysis showed that plant species richness (Margalef index) was the ideal indicator to explain the EMF and C, N, and P cycling functions in littoral zone wetlands with explanations of 12.25 %, 7.31 %, 7.83 %, and 5.33 %, respectively. The EMF and C and P cycles were mainly affected by bacterial diversity, and the N cycle was mainly affected by fungal abundance in belowground biodiversity. Margalef index and sand content affected EMF through cascading effects of multiple nutrients (FDis, CWMRV, CWMLCC, and bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity) in littoral zone wetlands. This paper provides a reference for exploring the multifunctionality maintenance mechanisms of natural littoral zone wetland ecosystems in the context of global change, and it also provides important theoretical support and basic data for the implementation of ecological restoration in Daihai lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Business Administration and Humanities, Mongolian University of Science & Technology, Ulaanbaatar 46/520, Mongolia
| | - Zhichao Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiaoai Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lu Wen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010021, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, Hohhot 010021, China.
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3
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Lamarque LJ, Félix-Faure J, Deschamps L, Lévesque E, Cusson PO, Fortier D, Giacomazzo M, Guillemette F, Paillassa J, Tremblay M, Maire V. Hydrological Regime and Plant Functional Traits Jointly Mediate the Influence of Salix spp. on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in a High Arctic Tundra. Ecosystems 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-023-00829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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4
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Cun D, Dai Y, Fan Y, Li T, Song X, Wang F, Liang W. Response of the common reed (Phragmites australis) to nutrient enrichment depends on the growth stage and degree of enrichment: A mesocosm experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158098. [PMID: 35985585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced nutrient enrichment is a major stressor in aquatic ecosystems that has resulted in the alteration of ecosystem structures and functions. However, to date, relatively few studies have explored the temporal dynamics of reed biomass and morphological and biochemical traits under different nutrient levels, as well as the phenological pattern. Based on a mesocosm experiment, we monitored the aboveground and underground biomass of reed at the different plant growth stages, along with plant height, ramet and leaf number, leaf length and width, and carbohydrate and nutrient contents in different organs. We found that the significantly different ratio of aboveground to underground biomass was only observed at the late flowering stage between the slight enrichment (S-E) and heavy enrichment (H-E) groups. The start of the fast-growth phase of the aboveground part and underground part was delayed in the higher nutrient enrichment groups. The length of the fast-growth phase of the aboveground part was the same in the medium enrichment (M-E) and H-E groups and longer than that in the S-E group. For the underground part, the longest fast-growth phase was found in the S-E group (105 days), followed by the H-E and M-E groups (46 and 41 days, respectively). As the nutrient level increased, both increased and decreased values were observed for the 29 monitored morphological and biochemical traits, and the magnitude changed with the different growth stages. Moreover, different degrees of nutrient enrichment could differentially enhance or weaken the relationships among the groups between total biomass and the integrated morphological trait, between structural carbohydrate (SC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, between total organic carbon (TOC) and TN, between total phosphorus (TP) contents, between TOC and SC contents. Our findings highlight a crucial contribution of ambient nutrient supply to temporal variation in plant biomass and phenological, morphological and biochemical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshou Cun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yaocheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiancui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Mao W, Sun Z, Forrestel EJ, Griffin‐Nolan R, Chen A, Smith MD. Using local and regional trait hypervolumes to study the effects of environmental factors on community assembly. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- College of Ecology and Environment Hainan University Haikou China
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Melinda D. Smith
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Ali HE, Bucher SF. Effect of drought and nutrient availability on invaded plant communities in a semi-arid ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9296. [PMID: 36177142 PMCID: PMC9463043 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem functions are heavily dependent on the functional composition of the plant community, i.e., the functional traits of plants forming the community. This, on the one hand, depends on plant occurrence, but on the other hand, depends on the intraspecific variability of functional traits of the species, which are influenced by climate and nutrient availability and affected by plant–plant interactions. To illustrate that, we studied the effects of drought and nitrogen addition (+ N), two important abiotic variables which are changing with ongoing global change, as well as their combined effect on the functional responses of grassland communities in semi‐arid environments of Northern Africa comprising of natural and invasive species. We conducted an experiment where we planted three native species and one invasive plant species in artificial communities of five individuals per species per plot. We exposed these communities to four different treatments: a drought treatment, an N‐addition treatment, the combination between drought and N‐addition, as well as a control. To assess the performance of plants within treatments, we measured selected plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC], N content of the leaves [Nmass], specific root length [SRL], and root diameter) for all individuals occurring in our plots, and additionally assessed the above and belowground biomass for each plant individual. We found that the invasive species showed a higher performance (higher biomass accumulation, taller plants, higher SLA, Nmass, SRL, and root diameter as well as lower LDMC) than the native species under drought conditions. The invasive species was especially successful with the combined impact of drought + N, which is a likely scenario in ongoing global change for our research area. Thus, plant functional traits might be a key factor for the invasion success of plant species which will be even more pronounced under ongoing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada E Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt.,Department of Biology, College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Professorship of Plant Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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7
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Yu L, Zhang H, Zhang W, Liu K, Liu M, Shao X. Cooperation between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria and their effects on plant growth and soil quality. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13080. [PMID: 35341045 PMCID: PMC8944337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving nutrition uptake and soil quality have been well documented. However, few studies have explored their effects on root morphology and soil properties. In this study, we inoculated Elymus nutans Griseb with AMF and/or PGPR in order to explore their effects on plant growth, soil physicochemical properties, and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that AMF and/or PGPR inoculation significantly enhanced aboveground and belowground vegetation biomass. Both single and dual inoculations were beneficial for plant root length, surface area, root branches, stem diameter, height, and the ratio of shoot to root, but decreased root volume and root average diameter. Soil total nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and urease activities showed significant growth, and soil electrical conductivity and pH significantly declined under the inoculation treatments. Specific root length showed a negative correlation with belowground biomass, but a positive correlation with root length and root branches. These results indicated that AMF and PGPR had synergetic effects on root morphology, soil nutrient availability, and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wantong Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kesi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqing Shao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai, China
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8
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Freschet GT, Roumet C, Comas LH, Weemstra M, Bengough AG, Rewald B, Bardgett RD, De Deyn GB, Johnson D, Klimešová J, Lukac M, McCormack ML, Meier IC, Pagès L, Poorter H, Prieto I, Wurzburger N, Zadworny M, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Iversen CM, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Postma JA, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weigelt A, York LM, Stokes A. Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1123-1158. [PMID: 33159479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Catherine Roumet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management and Systems Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gerlinde B De Deyn
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, Trebon, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lukac
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, Barsbüttel, 22885, Germany
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, Avignon Cedex 9, 84914, France
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Iván Prieto
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
| | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRA, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
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Leaf and root attributes as growth and phosphorus uptake determinants in two grass species from South America’s natural grasslands. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646742100002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhosphorus uptake by grass species from natural South American grasslands can change depending on root and leaf attributes capable of determining higher, or lower, relative growth rate. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether leaf and root attributes capable of determining leaf and root area production in native C4 grass species Axonopus affinis and Andropogon lateralis are related to higher relative growth rate (RGR), P uptake capacity (maximum P influx; Imax) and concentration. Species grown in 2-litre pots with added nutrition solution were subjected to two treatments, namely 5 μM P l−1 and 30 μM P l−1. Solution aliquots (10 ml) were collected for 30 hours at the end of the study to determine P concentrations. RGR was 3.6 and 2.8 times higher in A. affinis than in A. lateralis in treatments with 5 μM P and 30 μM P. Axonopus affinis recorded the highest P concentration in leaf tissue. This outcome was associated with Imax 85% higher in A. affinis. High RGR was associated with larger leaf and root surface area per dry mass unit, as well as with high P influx capacity and with higher affinity transporters. These species often prevail in areas accounting for greater natural fertility and are more responsive to phosphate fertilization.
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10
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Henneron L, Kardol P, Wardle DA, Cros C, Fontaine S. Rhizosphere control of soil nitrogen cycling: a key component of plant economic strategies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1269-1282. [PMID: 32562506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plant species influence soil nutrient cycling is a major theme in terrestrial ecosystem ecology. However, the prevailing paradigm has mostly focused on litter decomposition, while rhizosphere effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition have attracted little attention. Using a dual 13 C/15 N labeling approach in a 'common garden' glasshouse experiment, we investigated how the economic strategies of 12 grassland plant species (graminoids, forbs and legumes) drive soil nitrogen (N) cycling via rhizosphere processes, and how this in turn affects plant N acquisition and growth. Acquisitive species with higher photosynthesis, carbon rhizodeposition and N uptake than conservative species induced a stronger acceleration of soil N cycling through rhizosphere priming of SOM decomposition. This allowed them to take up larger amounts of N and allocate it above ground to promote photosynthesis, thereby sustaining their faster growth. The N2 -fixation ability of legumes enhanced rhizosphere priming by promoting photosynthesis and rhizodeposition. Our study demonstrates that the economic strategies of plant species regulate a plant-soil carbon-nitrogen feedback operating through the rhizosphere. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into how plant species with contrasting economic strategies sustain their nutrition and growth through regulating the cycling of nutrients by soil microbes in their rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Henneron
- UREP - UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- ECODIV, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Camille Cros
- UREP - UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- UREP - UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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11
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Zhang L, Zhu T, Liu X, Nie M, Xu X, Zhou S. Limited inorganic N niche partitioning by nine alpine plant species after long-term nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137270. [PMID: 32097836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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12
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Legay N, Grassein F, Arnoldi C, Segura R, Laîné P, Lavorel S, Clément J. Studies of NH
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uptake ability of subalpine plants and resource‐use strategy identified by their functional traits. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Legay
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53 FR‐38041 Grenoble Cedex 09 France
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Univ. de Tours, CNRS, UMR 7324 CITERES Tours France
| | - Fabrice Grassein
- Univ. de Caen Basse‐Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S Caen France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S Caen France
| | - Cindy Arnoldi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53 FR‐38041 Grenoble Cedex 09 France
| | - Raphael Segura
- Univ. de Caen Basse‐Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S Caen France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S Caen France
| | - Philippe Laîné
- Univ. de Caen Basse‐Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S Caen France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S Caen France
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53 FR‐38041 Grenoble Cedex 09 France
| | - Jean‐Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53 FR‐38041 Grenoble Cedex 09 France
- CARRTEL, UMR 0042 INRA‐Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc Le Bourget du Lac France
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13
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Ulrich DEM, Sevanto S, Peterson S, Ryan M, Dunbar J. Effects of Soil Microbes on Functional Traits of Loblolly Pine ( Pinus taeda) Seedling Families From Contrasting Climates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1643. [PMID: 31998333 PMCID: PMC6962191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Examining factors that influence seedling establishment is essential for predicting the impacts of climate change on tree species' distributions. Seedlings originating from contrasting climates differentially express functional traits related to water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance that reflect their climate of origin and influence their responses to drought. Soil microbes may improve seedling establishment because they can enhance water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance. However, the relative influence of soil microbes on the expression of these functional traits between seedling families or populations from contrasting climates is unknown. To determine if soil microbes may differentially alter functional traits to enhance water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance between dry and wet families, seeds of loblolly pine families from the driest and wettest ends of its geographic range (dry, wet) were planted in sterilized sand (controls) or in sterilized sand inoculated with a soil microbial community (inoculated). Functional traits related to seedling establishment (germination), water and nutrient uptake and C allocation (root:shoot biomass ratio, root exudate concentration, leaf C:N, leaf N isotope composition (δ15N)), and drought resistance (turgor loss point, leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C)) were measured. Then, plants were exposed to a drought treatment and possible shifts in photosynthetic performance were monitored using chlorophyll fluorescence. Inoculated plants exhibited significantly greater germination than controls regardless of family. The inoculation treatment significantly increased root:shoot biomass ratio in the wet family but not in the dry family, suggesting soil microbes alter functional traits that improve water and nutrient uptake more so in a family originating from a wetter climate than in a family originating from a drier climate. Microbial effects on photosynthetic performance during drought also differed between families, as photosynthetic performance of the dry inoculated group declined fastest. Regardless of treatment, the dry family exhibited a greater root:shoot biomass ratio, root exudate concentration, and leaf δ15N than the wet family. This indicates that the dry family allocated more resources belowground than the wet and the two family may have used different sources of plant available N, which may be related to their contrasting climates of origin and influence their drought resistance. Examination of variation in impacts of soil microbes on seedling physiology improves efforts to enhance seedling establishment and beneficial plant-microbe interactions under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-14), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Samantha Peterson
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-14), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience (B-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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14
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Libala N, Palmer CG, Odume ON. Using a trait-based approach for assessing the vulnerability and resilience of hillslope seep wetland vegetation cover to disturbances in the Tsitsa River catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:277-291. [PMID: 31988728 PMCID: PMC6972813 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hill slope seep wetlands are ecologically and economically important ecosystems as they supply a variety of ecosystem services to society. In South Africa, livestock grazing is recognized as one of the most important disturbance factors changing the structure and function of hill slope seep wetlands. This study sought to investigate the potential effect of livestock grazing on the resilience and vulnerability of hillslope seep wetland vegetation cover using a trait-based approach (TBA). Changes in vegetation cover were used as a surrogate for indicating grazing intensity. The degree of human disturbances was assessed using the Anthropogenic Activity Index. A TBA was developed using seven plant traits, resolved into 27 trait attributes. Based on the developed approach, plant species were grouped into vulnerable and resilient groups in relation to grazing pressure. It was then predicted that species belonging to the vulnerable group would be less dominant at the highly disturbed sites, as well as in the winter season when grazing pressure is at its peak. The approach developed enabled accurate predictions of the responses of hillslope plant species to grazing pressure seasonally, but spatially, only for the summer season. The predicted responses during the winter season across sites did not match the observed results, which could be attributed to the difficulty in species identification and accurate estimation of vegetation cover during winter. Overall, the approach developed here provides a general framework for applying the TBA and can thus be tested and applied elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Notiswa Libala
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water QualityInstitute for Water ResearchRhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown)South Africa
| | - Carolyn G. Palmer
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water QualityInstitute for Water ResearchRhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown)South Africa
| | - Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water QualityInstitute for Water ResearchRhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown)South Africa
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16
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Duchini PG, Guzatti GC, Echeverria JR, Américo LF, Sbrissia AF. Experimental evidence that the perennial grass persistence pathway is linked to plant growth strategy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207360. [PMID: 30475824 PMCID: PMC6261051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass species can be classified into different functional types based on their growth strategies, and contrasting persistence strategies are observed in different grass species. Excluding seedling recruitments, changes in populations of grasses are basically a trade-off between natality and mortality of tillers. We hypothesised that the persistence pathway of perennial grasses is linked to their growth strategy, regardless whether they are growing as monoculture or as a mixture. Species with contrasting growth strategies (Arrhenatherum elatius L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were cultivated as monocultures and as a mixture and their tiller natality and mortality were evaluated for two years after swards establishment. All pastures maintained their population size during the experimental period, although decreases in tiller densities occurred during the warmer season. Arrhenatherum elatius had the highest tiller mortality and natality whereas the F. arundinacea had the lowest ones. Arrhenatherum elatius had many tillers appearing in all seasons but their tillers were short-lived. Conversely, F. arundinacea and D. glomerata developed numerous tillers during autumn and winter and their tillers survived, on average, almost six and three times longer than those of A. elatius, respectively. There were no differences in tillering dynamics among populations grown in monocultures or in the mixture. Regardless of whether they were cultivated in monocultures or as a mixture, the persistence pathway of perennial grasses is linked with their growth strategies with exploitative species presenting a high tiller turnover throughout the year whereas the persistence of more conservative species is based on a high tiller survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Gonçalves Duchini
- Animal Production and Food Science Department of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC/CAV), Avenida Luiz de Camões, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Guzatti
- Animal Production and Food Science Department of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC/CAV), Avenida Luiz de Camões, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Joilson Roda Echeverria
- Animal Production and Food Science Department of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC/CAV), Avenida Luiz de Camões, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Luana Fidelis Américo
- Animal Production and Food Science Department of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC/CAV), Avenida Luiz de Camões, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - André Fischer Sbrissia
- Animal Production and Food Science Department of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC/CAV), Avenida Luiz de Camões, Lages, SC, Brazil
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17
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Guyonnet JP, Guillemet M, Dubost A, Simon L, Ortet P, Barakat M, Heulin T, Achouak W, Haichar FEZ. Plant Nutrient Resource Use Strategies Shape Active Rhizosphere Microbiota Through Root Exudation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1662. [PMID: 30559748 PMCID: PMC6265440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant strategies for soil nutrient uptake have the potential to strongly influence plant-microbiota interactions, due to the competition between plants and microorganisms for soil nutrient acquisition and/or conservation. In the present study, we investigate whether these plant strategies could influence rhizosphere microbial activities via root exudation, and contribute to the microbiota diversification of active bacterial communities colonizing the root-adhering soil (RAS) and inhabiting the root tissues. We applied a DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) approach to six grass species distributed along a gradient of plant nutrient resource strategies, from conservative species, characterized by low nitrogen (N) uptake, a long lifespans and low root exudation level, to exploitative species, characterized by high rates of photosynthesis, rapid rates of N uptake and high root exudation level. We analyzed their (i) associated microbiota composition involved in root exudate assimilation and soil organic matter (SOM) degradation by 16S-rRNA-based metabarcoding. (ii) We determine the impact of root exudation level on microbial activities (denitrification and respiration) by gas chromatography. Measurement of microbial activities revealed an increase in denitrification and respiration activities for microbial communities colonizing the RAS of exploitative species. This increase of microbial activities results probably from a higher exudation rate and more diverse metabolites by exploitative plant species. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that plant nutrient resource strategies have a role in shaping active microbiota. We present evidence demonstrating that plant nutrient use strategies shape active microbiota involved in root exudate assimilation and SOM degradation via root exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P. Guyonnet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Martin Guillemet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Dubost
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Simon
- CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Ortet
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
- CNRS, FR3098 ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
- CNRS, FR3098 ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Thierry Heulin
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
- CNRS, FR3098 ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Wafa Achouak
- CNRS, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere and Extreme Environment, UMR 7265 BIAM, CEA, Aix Marseille Univ, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France
| | - Feth el Zahar Haichar
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INRA 1418, Villeurbanne, France
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18
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Guyonnet JP, Cantarel AAM, Simon L, Haichar FEZ. Root exudation rate as functional trait involved in plant nutrient-use strategy classification. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8573-8581. [PMID: 30250724 PMCID: PMC6144958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants adopt a variety of life history strategies to succeed in the Earth's diverse environments. Using functional traits which are defined as "morphological, biochemical, physiological, or phonological" characteristics measurable at the individual level, plants are classified according to their species' adaptative strategies, more than their taxonomy, from fast growing plant species to slower-growing conservative species. These different strategies probably influence the input and output of carbon (C)-resources, from the assimilation of carbon by photosynthesis to its release in the rhizosphere soil via root exudation. However, while root exudation was known to mediate plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, it was not used as functional trait until recently. Here, we assess whether root exudate levels are useful plant functional traits in the classification of plant nutrient-use strategies and classical trait syndromes? For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with six grass species representing along a gradient of plant resource-use strategies, from conservative species, characterized by low biomass nitrogen (N) concentrations and a long lifespans, to exploitative species, characterized by high rates of photosynthesis and rapid rates of N acquisition. Leaf and root traits were measured for each grass and root exudate rate for each planted soil sample. Classical trait syndromes in plant ecology were found for leaf and root traits, with negative relationships observed between specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content or between specific root length and root dry matter content. However, a new root trait syndrome was also found with root exudation levels correlating with plant resource-use strategy patterns, specifically, between root exudation rate and root dry matter content. We therefore propose root exudation rate can be used as a key functional trait in plant ecology studies and plant strategy classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P. Guyonnet
- UMR CNRS 5557Laboratoire d'Ecologie MicrobienneUMR INRA 1418Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1University of LyonVilleurbanneCedexFrance
| | - Amélie A. M. Cantarel
- UMR CNRS 5557Laboratoire d'Ecologie MicrobienneUMR INRA 1418Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1University of LyonVilleurbanneCedexFrance
| | - Laurent Simon
- UMR5023 LEHNAUniversité Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUniv LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1University of LyonVilleurbanneCedexFrance
| | - Feth el Zahar Haichar
- UMR CNRS 5557Laboratoire d'Ecologie MicrobienneUMR INRA 1418Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1University of LyonVilleurbanneCedexFrance
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19
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Cott GM, Caplan JS, Mozdzer TJ. Nitrogen uptake kinetics and saltmarsh plant responses to global change. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5393. [PMID: 29599510 PMCID: PMC5876323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal wetlands are important carbon sinks globally, but their ability to store carbon hinges on their nitrogen (N) supply and N uptake dynamics of dominant plant species. In terrestrial ecosystems, uptake of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) through roots can strongly influence N acquisition rates and their responses to environmental factors such as rising atmospheric CO2 and eutrophication. We examined the 15N uptake kinetics of three dominant plant species in North American coastal wetlands (Spartina patens, C4 grass; Phragmites australis, C3 grass; Schoenoplectus americanus, C3 sedge) under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. We further related our results to the productivity response of these species in two long-term field experiments. S. patens had the greatest uptake rates for NO3- and NH4+ under ambient conditions, suggesting that N uptake kinetics may underlie its strong productivity response to N in the field. Elevated CO2 increased NH4+ and NO3- uptake rates for S. patens, but had negative effects on NO3- uptake rates in P. australis and no effects on S. americanus. We suggest that N uptake kinetics may explain differences in plant community composition in coastal wetlands and that CO2-induced shifts, in combination with N proliferation, could alter ecosystem-scale productivity patterns of saltmarshes globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Cott
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields Campus, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua S Caplan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 19010, USA
- Department of Landscape Architecture & Horticulture, Temple University, 580 Meetinghouse Road, Ambler, Pennsylvania, 19002, USA
| | - Thomas J Mozdzer
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA.
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 19010, USA.
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20
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Dijkstra FA, Carrillo Y, Blumenthal DM, Mueller KE, LeCain DR, Morgan JA, Zelikova TJ, Williams DG, Follett RF, Pendall E. Elevated CO 2 and water addition enhance nitrogen turnover in grassland plants with implications for temporal stability. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:674-682. [PMID: 29508508 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporal variation in soil nitrogen (N) availability affects growth of grassland communities that differ in their use and reuse of N. In a 7-year-long climate change experiment in a semi-arid grassland, the temporal stability of plant biomass production varied with plant N turnover (reliance on externally acquired N relative to internally recycled N). Species with high N turnover were less stable in time compared to species with low N turnover. In contrast, N turnover at the community level was positively associated with asynchrony in biomass production, which in turn increased community temporal stability. Elevated CO2 and summer irrigation, but not warming, enhanced community N turnover and stability, possibly because treatments promoted greater abundance of species with high N turnover. Our study highlights the importance of plant N turnover for determining the temporal stability of individual species and plant communities affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feike A Dijkstra
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kevin E Mueller
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Dan R LeCain
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Jack A Morgan
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Tamara J Zelikova
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - David G Williams
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Ronald F Follett
- Agricultural Research Service, Soil Plant and Nutrient Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2570, NSW, Australia
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21
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Roucou A, Violle C, Fort F, Roumet P, Ecarnot M, Vile D. Shifts in plant functional strategies over the course of wheat domestication. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Roucou
- CEFE; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE, IRD; Montpellier France
- LEPSE; Univ Montpellier; INRA; SupAgro Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE, IRD; Montpellier France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE; Montpellier SupAgro; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE, IRD; Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Roumet
- AGAP; Univ Montpellier; CIRAD; INRA; Montpellier SupAgro; Montpellier France
| | - Martin Ecarnot
- AGAP; Univ Montpellier; CIRAD; INRA; Montpellier SupAgro; Montpellier France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE; Univ Montpellier; INRA; SupAgro Montpellier; Montpellier France
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22
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Pommier T, Cantarel AAM, Grigulis K, Lavorel S, Legay N, Baxendale C, Bardgett RD, Bahn M, Poly F, Clément JC. The added value of including key microbial traits to determine nitrogen-related ecosystem services in managed grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pommier
- Ecologie Microbienne Lyon; INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557; Université Lyon I; Villeurbanne France
| | - Amélie A. M. Cantarel
- Ecologie Microbienne Lyon; INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557; Université Lyon I; Villeurbanne France
| | - Karl Grigulis
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS UMR 5553 - Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS UMR 5553 - Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| | - Nicolas Legay
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS UMR 5553 - Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
- Ecole de la Nature et du Paysage; INSA CVL; Blois France
- CNRS, CITERES, UMR 7324; Tours France
| | | | - Richard D. Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Franck Poly
- Ecologie Microbienne Lyon; INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557; Université Lyon I; Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS UMR 5553 - Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
- CARRTEL; INRA UMR 0042 - Université Savoie Mont Blanc; Thonon-les-Bains France
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Ferlian O, Wirth C, Eisenhauer N. Leaf and root C-to-N ratios are poor predictors of soil microbial biomass C and respiration across 32 tree species. PEDOBIOLOGIA 2017; 65:1623. [PMID: 29217869 PMCID: PMC5714262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are the main primary decomposers of plant material and drive biogeochemical processes like carbon and nitrogen cycles. Hence, knowledge of their nutritional demands and limitations for activity and growth is of particular importance. However, potential effects of the stoichiometry of soil and plant species on soil microbial activity and carbon use efficiency are poorly understood. Soil properties and plant traits are assumed to drive microbial carbon and community structure. We investigated the associations between C and N concentrations of leaf, root, and soil as well as their ratios and soil microbial biomass C and activity (microbial basal respiration and specific respiratory quotient) across 32 young native angiosperm tree species at two locations in Central Germany. Correlations between C:N ratios of leaves, roots, and soil were positive but overall weak. Only regressions between root and leaf C:N ratios as well as between root and soil C:N ratios were significant at one site. Soil microbial properties differed significantly between the two sites and were significantly correlated with soil C:N ratio across sites. Soil C concentrations rather than N concentrations drove significant effects of soil C:N ratio on soil microbial properties. No significant correlations between soil microbial properties and leaf as well as root C:N ratios were found. We found weak correlations of C:N ratios between plant aboveground and belowground tissues. Furthermore, microorganisms were not affected by the stoichiometry of plant tissues in the investigated young trees. The results suggest that soil stoichiometry represents a consistent determinant of soil microbial biomass and respiration. Our study indicates that stoichiometric relationships among tree organs can be weak and poor predictors of soil microbial properties in young tree stands. Further research in controlled experimental settings with a wide range of tree species is needed to study the role of plant chemical traits like the composition and stoichiometry of root exudates in determining interactions between above- and belowground compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Florio A, Pommier T, Gervaix J, Bérard A, Le Roux X. Soil C and N statuses determine the effect of maize inoculation by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on nitrifying and denitrifying communities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8411. [PMID: 28827706 PMCID: PMC5566440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize inoculation by Azospirillum stimulates root growth, along with soil nitrogen (N) uptake and root carbon (C) exudation, thus increasing N use efficiency. However, inoculation effects on soil N-cycling microbial communities have been overlooked. We hypothesized that inoculation would (i) increase roots-nitrifiers competition for ammonium, and thus decrease nitrifier abundance; and (ii) increase roots-denitrifiers competition for nitrate and C supply to denitrifiers by root exudation, and thus limit or benefit denitrifiers depending on the resource (N or C) mostly limiting these microorganisms. We quantified (de)nitrifiers abundance and activity in the rhizosphere of inoculated and non-inoculated maize on 4 sites over 2 years, and ancillary soil variables. Inoculation effects on nitrification and nitrifiers (AOA, AOB) were not consistent between the three sampling dates. Inoculation influenced denitrifiers abundance (nirK, nirS) differently among sites. In sites with high C limitation for denitrifiers (i.e. limitation of denitrification by C > 66%), inoculation increased nirS-denitrifier abundance (up to 56%) and gross N2O production (up to 84%), likely due to increased root C exudation. Conversely, in sites with low C limitation (<47%), inoculation decreased nirS-denitrifier abundance (down to -23%) and gross N2O production (down to -18%) likely due to an increased roots-denitrifiers competition for nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Florio
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne LEM, INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Thomas Pommier
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne LEM, INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Gervaix
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne LEM, INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Annette Bérard
- INRA, UMR1114 EMMAH, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne LEM, INRA UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Guyonnet JP, Vautrin F, Meiffren G, Labois C, Cantarel AAM, Michalet S, Comte G, Haichar FEZ. The effects of plant nutritional strategy on soil microbial denitrification activity through rhizosphere primary metabolites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3003321. [PMID: 28334144 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine (i) whether plant nutritional strategy affects the composition of primary metabolites exuded into the rhizosphere and (ii) the impact of exuded metabolites on denitrification activity in soil. We answered this question by analysing primary metabolite content extracted from the root-adhering soil (RAS) and the roots of three grasses representing different nutrient management strategies: conservative (Festuca paniculata), intermediate (Bromus erectus) and exploitative (Dactylis glomerata). We also investigated the impact of primary metabolites on soil microbial denitrification enzyme activity without carbon addition, comparing for each plant RAS and bulk soils. Our data show that plant nutritional strategy impacts on primary metabolite composition of root extracts or RAS. Further we show, for the first time, that RAS-extracted primary metabolites are probably better indicators to explain plant nutrient strategy than root-extracted ones. In addition, our results show that some primary metabolites present in the RAS were well correlated with soil microbial denitrification activity with positive relationships found between denitrification and the presence of some organic acids and negative ones with the presence of xylose. We demonstrated that the analysis of primary metabolites extracted from the RAS is probably more pertinent to evaluate the impact of plant on soil microbial community functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 (CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE) 1919 route de Mende Montpellier34293 France
| | - Catherine Roumet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 (CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE) 1919 route de Mende Montpellier34293 France
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Tardy F, Damour G, Dorel M, Moreau D. Trait-based characterisation of soil exploitation strategies of banana, weeds and cover plant species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173066. [PMID: 28257454 PMCID: PMC5336259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cover plants can be introduced in cropping systems to provide agroecosystem services, including weed control via competition for resources. There is currently no consensus on how to identify the best cover plant species, while trait-based approaches are promising for screening plant species due to their agroecosystem service provision potential. This study was carried out to characterize soil exploitation strategies of cover plant species in banana agroecosystems using a trait-based approach, and in turn identify cover plant species with a high weed control potential via competition for soil resources in banana cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted on 17 cover plant species, two weed species and two banana cultivars grown individually. Four functional traits were measured. Two of them (i.e., the size of the zone explored by roots and the root impact density) were used to characterize root system soil exploration patterns. Two other traits (i.e., specific root length and root diameter) were used to characterize resource acquisition within the soil zone explored by the roots. All studied traits exhibited marked variations among species. The findings suggested a trade-off between the abilities of species to develop a limited number of large diameter roots exploring a large soil zone versus many thin roots exploring a smaller soil zone. Three soil-resource exploitation strategies were identified among species: (i) with large diameter roots that explore a large soil zone; (ii) with small diameter roots and a high specific length that explore a smaller soil zone; and (iii) with a high total root-impact density and an intermediate specific root length that explore the uppermost soil layers. Interestingly, in our panel of species, no correlations with regard to belowground and aboveground strategies were noted: species with an acquisitive belowground strategy could display an acquisitive or a conservative aboveground strategy. The findings of this study illustrated that a trait-based approach could be used to identify plant species with potential for competing with weeds, while minimising competition with banana. Six of the 17 studied cover crop species were identified as having this potential. The next step will be to assess them for their weed control performances in banana cropping systems with low reliance on herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Tardy
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Gaëlle Damour
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Marc Dorel
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Delphine Moreau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Laliberté E. Below-ground frontiers in trait-based plant ecology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1597-1603. [PMID: 27735077 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1597 I. 1597 II. 1597 III. 1598 IV. 1598 V. 1600 VI. 1601 VII. 1601 VIII. 1601 1602 References 1602 SUMMARY: Trait-based approaches have led to significant advances in plant ecology, but are currently biased toward above-ground traits. It is becoming clear that a stronger emphasis on below-ground traits is needed to better predict future changes in plant biodiversity and their consequences for ecosystem functioning. Here I propose six 'below-ground frontiers' in trait-based plant ecology, with an emphasis on traits governing soil nutrient acquisition: redefining fine roots; quantifying root trait dimensionality; integrating mycorrhizas; broadening the suite of root traits; determining linkages between root traits and abiotic and biotic factors; and understanding ecosystem-level consequences of root traits. Focusing research efforts along these frontiers should help to fulfil the promise of trait-based ecology: enhanced predictive capacity across ecological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Laliberté
- Centre sur la biodiversité, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
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Larson JE, Funk JL. Seedling root responses to soil moisture and the identification of a belowground trait spectrum across three growth forms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:827-38. [PMID: 26765506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Root trait variation and plasticity could be key factors differentiating plant performance under drought. However, water manipulation and root measurements are rarely coupled empirically across growth forms to identify whether belowground strategies are generalizable across species. We measured seedling root traits across three moisture levels in 18 Mediterranean forbs, grasses, and woody species. Drought increased the root mass fraction (RMF) and decreased the relative proportion of thin roots (indicated by increased root diameters and decreased specific root length (SRL)), rates of root elongation and growth, plant nitrogen uptake, and plant growth. Although responses varied across species, plasticity was not associated with growth form. Woody species differed from forbs and grasses in many traits, but herbaceous groups were similar. Across water treatments, trait correlations suggested a single spectrum of belowground trade-offs related to resource acquisition and plant growth. While effects of SRL and RMF on plant growth shifted with drought, root elongation rate consistently represented this spectrum. We demonstrate that general patterns of root morphology and plasticity are identifiable across diverse species. Root trait measurements should enhance our understanding of belowground strategy and performance across growth forms, but it will be critical to incorporate plasticity and additional aspects of root function into these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Larson
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA, 92866, USA
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Lemaire G, Gastal F, Franzluebbers A, Chabbi A. Grassland-Cropping Rotations: An Avenue for Agricultural Diversification to Reconcile High Production with Environmental Quality. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 56:1065-77. [PMID: 26070897 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A need to increase agricultural production across the world to ensure continued food security appears to be at odds with the urgency to reduce the negative environmental impacts of intensive agriculture. Around the world, intensification has been associated with massive simplification and uniformity at all levels of organization, i.e., field, farm, landscape, and region. Therefore, we postulate that negative environmental impacts of modern agriculture are due more to production simplification than to inherent characteristics of agricultural productivity. Thus by enhancing diversity within agricultural systems, it should be possible to reconcile high quantity and quality of food production with environmental quality. Intensification of livestock and cropping systems separately within different specialized regions inevitably leads to unacceptable environmental impacts because of the overly uniform land use system in intensive cereal areas and excessive N-P loads in intensive animal areas. The capacity of grassland ecosystems to couple C and N cycles through microbial-soil-plant interactions as a way for mitigating the environmental impacts of intensive arable cropping system was analyzed in different management options: grazing, cutting, and ley duration, in order to minimize trade-offs between production and the environment. We suggest that integrated crop-livestock systems are an appropriate strategy to enhance diversity. Sod-based rotations can temporally and spatially capture the benefits of leys for minimizing environmental impacts, while still maintaining periods and areas of intensive cropping. Long-term experimental results illustrate the potential of such systems to sequester C in soil and to reduce and control N emissions to the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lemaire
- INRA UR4, P3F, 86600, Lusignan, France.
- , 12 rue Virecourt, 79500, Melle, France.
| | - François Gastal
- INRA UR4, P3F, 86600, Lusignan, France
- INRA UE1373, FERLUS, 86600, Lusignan, France
| | | | - Abad Chabbi
- INRA UR4, P3F, 86600, Lusignan, France
- CNRS, IEES (UMR 7618 CNRS, UPMC, UPEC, IRD, INRA), Campus AgroParisTech, 12, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Freschet GT, Swart EM, Cornelissen JHC. Integrated plant phenotypic responses to contrasting above- and below-ground resources: key roles of specific leaf area and root mass fraction. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1247-60. [PMID: 25783781 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt phenotypically to different conditions of light and nutrient supply, supposedly in order to achieve colimitation of these resources. Their key variable of adjustment is the ratio of leaf area to root length, which relies on plant biomass allocation and organ morphology. We recorded phenotypic differences in leaf and root mass fractions (LMF, RMF), specific leaf area (SLA) and specific root length (SRL) of 12 herbaceous species grown in factorial combinations of high/low irradiance and fertilization treatments. Leaf area and root length ratios, and their components, were influenced by nonadditive effects between light and nutrient supply, and differences in the strength of plant responses were partly explained by Ellenberg's species values representing ecological optima. Changes in allocation were critical in plant responses to nutrient availability, as the RMF contribution to changes in root length was 2.5× that of the SRL. Contrastingly, morphological adjustments (SLA rather than LMF) made up the bulk of plant response to light availability. Our results suggest largely predictable differences in responses of species and groups of species to environmental change. Nevertheless, they stress the critical need to account for adjustments in below-ground mass allocation to understand the assembly and responses of communities in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Elferra M Swart
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
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Gross N, Liancourt P, Butters R, Duncan RP, Hulme PE. Functional equivalence, competitive hierarchy and facilitation determine species coexistence in highly invaded grasslands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:175-186. [PMID: 25388949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alien and native plant species often differ in functional traits. Trait differences could lead to niche differences that minimize competitive interactions and stabilize coexistence. However, trait differences could also translate into average fitness differences, leading to a competitive hierarchy that prevents coexistence. We tested whether trait differences between alien and native species translated into average fitness or stabilizing niche differences, and whether competition could explain observed coexistence within invaded grassland communities (New Zealand). Trait differences reflected marked competitive hierarchy, suggesting average fitness differences. Species coexistence was determined by a trade-off between species susceptibility to herbivory vs competitive hierarchy and facilitation. Importantly, although aliens and natives differed in their trait values, they did not differ in their competitive response, highlighting the importance of equalizing mechanisms in structuring invaded communities. Only a few alien species with a particular set of traits were able to jeopardize species coexistence when grazing was ceased. Our study explains why some alien species coexist with natives, whereas others have strong impacts on native communities. It highlights that trait differences can underlie several coexistence processes and that the demonstration of trait differences between aliens and natives is only a first step to understanding the role of biotic interactions in structuring invaded communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gross
- INRA, USC1339 Chizé (CEBC), 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Centre d'étude Biologique de Chizé, CNRS - Université La Rochelle (UMR 7372), 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University 7647, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, 37982, Czech Republic
| | - Robyn Butters
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University 7647, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University 7647, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Cantarel AAM, Pommier T, Desclos-Theveniau M, Diquélou S, Dumont M, Grassein F, Kastl EM, Grigulis K, Laîné P, Lavorel S, Lemauviel-Lavenant S, Personeni E, Schloter M, Poly F. Using plant traits to explain plant–microbe relationships involved in nitrogen acquisition. Ecology 2015; 96:788-99. [DOI: 10.1890/13-2107.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang M, Wan P, Chai Y, Guo Y, Zhang X, Yue M. Adaptative Strategy of Leaf Traits to Drought Conditions: Quercus alienavar. acuteserrataForest (the Qinling Mts. China). POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grassein F, Lemauviel-Lavenant S, Lavorel S, Bahn M, Bardgett RD, Desclos-Theveniau M, Laîné P. Relationships between functional traits and inorganic nitrogen acquisition among eight contrasting European grass species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:107-15. [PMID: 25471096 PMCID: PMC4284118 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Leaf functional traits have been used as a basis to categoize plants across a range of resource-use specialization, from those that conserve available resources to those that exploit them. However, the extent to which the leaf functional traits used to define the resource-use strategies are related to root traits and are good indicators of the ability of the roots to take up nitrogen (N) are poorly known. This is an important question because interspecific differences in N uptake have been proposed as one mechanism by which species' coexistence may be determined. This study therefore investigated the relationships between functional traits and N uptake ability for grass species across a range of conservative to exploitative resource-use strategies. METHODS Root uptake of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and leaf and root functional traits were measured for eight grass species sampled at three grassland sites across Europe, in France, Austria and the UK. Species were grown in hydroponics to determine functional traits and kinetic uptake parameters (Imax and Km) under standardized conditions. KEY RESULTS Species with high specific leaf area (SLA) and shoot N content, and low leaf and root dry matter content (LDMC and RDMC, respectively), which are traits associated with the exploitative syndrome, had higher uptake and affinity for both N forms. No trade-off was observed in uptake between the two forms of N, and all species expressed a higher preference for [Formula: see text]. CONCLUSIONS The results support the use of leaf traits, and especially SLA and LDMC, as indicators of the N uptake ability across a broad range of grass species. The difficulties associated with assessing root properties are also highlighted, as root traits were only weakly correlated with leaf traits, and only RDMC and, to a lesser extent, root N content were related to leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Grassein
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Servane Lemauviel-Lavenant
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marie Desclos-Theveniau
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philippe Laîné
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS-UJF, Université de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Lohier T, Jabot F, Meziane D, Shipley B, Reich PB, Deffuant G. Explaining ontogenetic shifts in root-shoot scaling with transient dynamics. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:513-24. [PMID: 24989785 PMCID: PMC4217652 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Simple models of herbaceous plant growth based on optimal partitioning theory predict, at steady state, an isometric relationship between shoot and root biomass during plant ontogeny, i.e. a constant root-shoot ratio. This prediction has received mixed empirical support, suggesting either that optimal partitioning is too coarse an assumption to model plant biomass allocation, or that additional processes need to be modelled to account for empirical findings within the optimal partitioning framework. In this study, simulations are used to compare quantitatively two potential explanations for observed non-isometric relationships, namely nutrient limitation during the experiments and initial developmental constraints. METHODS A simple plant growth model was built to simulate the growth of herbaceous species, based on optimal partitioning theory combined with empirically measured plant functional traits. Its ability to reproduce plant relative growth rate and final root weight ratio was assessed against previously published data. Predicted root-shoot ratios during plant ontogeny were compared with experimental observations. The effects of nutrient limitation and initial developmental constraints on root-shoot ratios were then tested. KEY RESULTS The model was found to reproduce overall plant growth patterns accurately, but failed, in its simplest form, at explaining non-isometric growth trajectories. Both nutrient limitation and ontogenetic developmental constraints were further shown to cause transient dynamics resulting in a deviation from isometry. Nitrogen limitation alone was not sufficient to explain the observed trajectories of most plant species. The inclusion of initial developmental constraints (fixed non-optimal initial root-shoot ratios) enabled the reproduction of the observed trajectories and were consistent with observed initial root-shoot ratios. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the fact that considering transient dynamics enables theoretical predictions based on optimal partitioning to be reconciled with empirically measured ontogenetic root-shoot allometries. The transient dynamics cannot be solely explained by nutrient limitation during the experiments, pointing to a likely role for initial developmental constraints in the observed non-isometric growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Lohier
- LISC - Laboratoire d'Ingénierie pour les Systèmes complexes, IRSTEA, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, CS 20085, 63178 Aubière, France
| | - Franck Jabot
- LISC - Laboratoire d'Ingénierie pour les Systèmes complexes, IRSTEA, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, CS 20085, 63178 Aubière, France
| | - Driss Meziane
- Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculté des sciences Dhrar El Mehraz, Département de biologie, BP 1796, Fès, Atlas, Morocco
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Qc), J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN 55108, USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sidney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Guillaume Deffuant
- LISC - Laboratoire d'Ingénierie pour les Systèmes complexes, IRSTEA, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, CS 20085, 63178 Aubière, France
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Abalos D, De Deyn GB, Kuyper TW, Van Groenigen JW. Plant species identity surpasses species richness as a key driver of N(2)O emissions from grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:265-75. [PMID: 23939815 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems worldwide not only provide many important ecosystem services but they also function as a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), especially in response to nitrogen deposition by grazing animals. To explore the role of plants as mediators of these emissions, we tested whether and how N2O emissions are dependent on grass species richness and/or specific grass species composition in the absence and presence of urine deposition. We hypothesized that: (i) N2O emissions relate negatively to plant productivity; (ii) four-species mixtures have lower emissions than monocultures (as they are expected to be more productive); (iii) emissions are lowest in combinations of species with diverging root morphology and high root biomass; and (iv) the identity of the key species that reduce N2O emissions is dependent on urine deposition. We established monocultures and two- and four-species mixtures of common grass species with diverging functional traits: Lolium perenne L. (Lp), Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (Fa), Phleum pratense L. (Php) and Poa trivialis L. (Pt), and quantified N2O emissions for 42 days. We found no relation between plant species richness and N2O emissions. However, N2O emissions were significantly reduced in specific plant species combinations. In the absence of urine, plant communities of Fa+Php acted as a sink for N2O, whereas the monocultures of these species constituted a N2O source. With urine application Lp+Pt plant communities reduced (P < 0.001) N2O emissions by 44% compared to monocultures of Lp. Reductions in N2O emissions by species mixtures could be explained by total biomass productivity and by complementarity in root morphology. This study shows that plant species composition is a key component underlying N2O emissions from grassland ecosystems. Selection of specific grass species combinations in the context of the expected nitrogen deposition regimes may therefore provide a key for mitigation of N2O emissions.
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Zwicke M, Alessio GA, Thiery L, Falcimagne R, Baumont R, Rossignol N, Soussana JF, Picon-Cochard C. Lasting effects of climate disturbance on perennial grassland above-ground biomass production under two cutting frequencies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3435-48. [PMID: 23832449 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate extremes can ultimately reshape grassland services such as forage production and change plant functional type composition. This 3-year field research studied resistance to dehydration and recovery after rehydration of plant community and plant functional types in an upland perennial grassland subjected to climate and cutting frequency (Cut+, Cut-) disturbances by measuring green tissue percentage and above-ground biomass production (ANPP). In year 1, a climate disturbance gradient was applied by co-manipulating temperature and precipitation. Four treatments were considered: control and warming-drought climatic treatment, with or without extreme summer event. In year 2, control and warming-drought treatments were maintained without extreme. In year 3, all treatments received ambient climatic conditions. We found that the grassland community was very sensitive to dehydration during the summer extreme: aerial senescence reached 80% when cumulated climatic water balance fell to -156 mm and biomass declined by 78% at the end of summer. In autumn, canopy greenness and biomass totally recovered in control but not in the warming-drought treatment. However ANPP decreased under both climatic treatments, but the effect was stronger on Cut+ (-24%) than Cut- (-15%). This decline was not compensated by the presence of three functional types because they were negatively affected by the climatic treatments, suggesting an absence of buffering effect on grassland production. In the following 2 years, lasting effects of climate disturbance on ANPP were observable. The unexpected stressful conditions of year 3 induced a decline in grassland production in the Cut+ control treatment. The fact that this treatment cumulated higher (45%) N export over the 3 years suggests that N plays a key role in ANPP stability. As ANPP in this mesic perennial grassland did not show engineering resilience, long-term experimental manipulation is needed. Infrequent mowing appears more appropriate for sustaining grassland ANPP under future climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Zwicke
- UR874, Grassland Ecosystem Research Team, INRA, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
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Maire V, Gross N, Hill D, Martin R, Wirth C, Wright IJ, Soussana JF. Disentangling coordination among functional traits using an individual-centred model: impact on plant performance at intra- and inter-specific levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77372. [PMID: 24130879 PMCID: PMC3793938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant functional traits co-vary along strategy spectra, thereby defining trade-offs for resource acquisition and utilization amongst other processes. A main objective of plant ecology is to quantify the correlations among traits and ask why some of them are sufficiently closely coordinated to form a single axis of functional specialization. However, due to trait co-variations in nature, it is difficult to propose a mechanistic and causal explanation for the origin of trade-offs among traits observed at both intra- and inter-specific level. Methodology/Principal Findings Using the Gemini individual-centered model which coordinates physiological and morphological processes, we investigated with 12 grass species the consequences of deliberately decoupling variation of leaf traits (specific leaf area, leaf lifespan) and plant stature (height and tiller number) on plant growth and phenotypic variability. For all species under both high and low N supplies, simulated trait values maximizing plant growth in monocultures matched observed trait values. Moreover, at the intraspecific level, plastic trait responses to N addition predicted by the model were in close agreement with observed trait responses. In a 4D trait space, our modeling approach highlighted that the unique trait combination maximizing plant growth under a given environmental condition was determined by a coordination of leaf, root and whole plant processes that tended to co-limit the acquisition and use of carbon and of nitrogen. Conclusion/Significance Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the origin of trade-offs between plant functional traits and further predicts plasticity in plant traits in response to environmental changes. In a multidimensional trait space, regions occupied by current plant species can therefore be viewed as adaptive corridors where trait combinations minimize allometric and physiological constraints from the organ to the whole plant levels. The regions outside this corridor are empty because of inferior plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Maire
- INRA Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR 874), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail: (VM); (NG)
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRA Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR 874), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, USC Agripop (CEBC-CNRS), F-79360, Villier-en-Bois, France
- CEBC-CNRS (UPR 1934), F-79360, Villier-en-Bois, France
- * E-mail: (VM); (NG)
| | - David Hill
- CNRS LIMOS (UMR 6158), Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, France
| | - Raphaël Martin
- INRA Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR 874), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christian Wirth
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Biologie I, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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Subbarao GV, Sahrawat KL, Nakahara K, Rao IM, Ishitani M, Hash CT, Kishii M, Bonnett DG, Berry WL, Lata JC. A paradigm shift towards low-nitrifying production systems: the role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:297-316. [PMID: 23118123 PMCID: PMC3698375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture is the single largest geo-engineering initiative that humans have initiated on planet Earth, largely through the introduction of unprecedented amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) into ecosystems. A major portion of this reactive N applied as fertilizer leaks into the environment in massive amounts, with cascading negative effects on ecosystem health and function. Natural ecosystems utilize many of the multiple pathways in the N cycle to regulate N flow. In contrast, the massive amounts of N currently applied to agricultural systems cycle primarily through the nitrification pathway, a single inefficient route that channels much of this reactive N into the environment. This is largely due to the rapid nitrifying soil environment of present-day agricultural systems. SCOPE In this Viewpoint paper, the importance of regulating nitrification as a strategy to minimize N leakage and to improve N-use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems is highlighted. The ability to suppress soil nitrification by the release of nitrification inhibitors from plant roots is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI), an active plant-mediated natural function that can limit the amount of N cycling via the nitrification pathway. The development of a bioassay using luminescent Nitrosomonas to quantify nitrification inhibitory activity from roots has facilitated the characterization of BNI function. Release of BNIs from roots is a tightly regulated physiological process, with extensive genetic variability found in selected crops and pasture grasses. Here, the current status of understanding of the BNI function is reviewed using Brachiaria forage grasses, wheat and sorghum to illustrate how BNI function can be utilized for achieving low-nitrifying agricultural systems. A fundamental shift towards ammonium (NH4(+))-dominated agricultural systems could be achieved by using crops and pastures with high BNI capacities. When viewed from an agricultural and environmental perspective, the BNI function in plants could potentially have a large influence on biogeochemical cycling and closure of the N loop in crop-livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Subbarao
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Gross N, Börger L, Duncan RP, Hulme PE. Functional differences between alien and native species: do biotic interactions determine the functional structure of highly invaded grasslands? Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; PO Box 84; Canterbury; 7647; New Zealand
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Plasticity of plant form and function sustains productivity and dominance along environment and competition gradients. A modeling experiment with Gemini. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schleip I, Lattanzi FA, Schnyder H. Common leaf life span of co-dominant species in a continuously grazed temperate pasture. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maire V, Gross N, Börger L, Proulx R, Wirth C, Pontes LDS, Soussana JF, Louault F. Habitat filtering and niche differentiation jointly explain species relative abundance within grassland communities along fertility and disturbance gradients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:497-509. [PMID: 22931515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic niche-based processes have been proposed to explain species relative abundance within communities but lead to different predictions: habitat filtering (HF) predicts dominant species to exhibit similar traits while niche differentiation (ND) requires that species have dissimilar traits to coexist. Using a multiple trait-based approach, we evaluated the relative roles of HF and ND in determining species abundances in productive grasslands. Four dimensions of the functional niche of 12 co-occurring grass species were identified using 28 plant functional traits. Using this description of the species niche, we investigated patterns of functional similarity and dissimilarity and linked them to abundance in randomly assembled six-species communities subjected to fertilization/disturbance treatments. Our results suggest that HF and ND jointly determined species abundance by acting on contrasting niche dimensions. The effect of HF decreased relative to ND with increasing disturbance and decreasing fertilization. Dominant species exhibited similar traits in communities whereas dissimilarity favored the coexistence of rare species with dominants by decreasing inter-specific competition. This stabilizing effect on diversity was suggested by a negative relationship between species over-yielding and relative abundance. We discuss the importance of considering independent dimensions of functional niche to better understand species abundance and coexistence within communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Maire
- INRA UR874 UREP, 234 Avenue du Brézet, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nicolas Gross
- CEBC-CNRS (UPR 1934), 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
- INRA, USC 1339, CEBC-CNRS, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Luca Börger
- CEBC-CNRS (UPR 1934), 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
- INRA, USC 1339, CEBC-CNRS, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada, G9A 5H7
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Frédérique Louault
- INRA UR874 UREP, 234 Avenue du Brézet, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Boudsocq S, Niboyet A, Lata JC, Raynaud X, Loeuille N, Mathieu J, Blouin M, Abbadie L, Barot S. Plant preference for ammonium versus nitrate: a neglected determinant of ecosystem functioning? Am Nat 2012; 180:60-9. [PMID: 22673651 DOI: 10.1086/665997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although nitrogen (N) availability is a major determinant of ecosystem properties, little is known about the ecological importance of plants' preference for ammonium versus nitrate (β) for ecosystem functioning and the structure of communities. We modeled this preference for two contrasting ecosystems and showed that β significantly affects ecosystem properties such as biomass, productivity, and N losses. A particular intermediate value of β maximizes the primary productivity and minimizes mineral N losses. In addition, contrasting β values between two plant types allow their coexistence, and the ability of one type to control nitrification modifies the patterns of coexistence with the other. We also show that species replacement dynamics do not lead to the minimization of the total mineral N pool nor the maximization of plant productivity, and consequently do not respect Tilman's R* rule. Our results strongly suggest in the two contrasted ecosystems that β has important consequences for ecosystem functioning and plant community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boudsocq
- Biogéochimie et Écologie des Milieux Continentaux (BioEMCo), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7618, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Gemini: A grassland model simulating the role of plant traits for community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Parameterization and evaluation. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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How Facilitation May Interfere with Ecological Speciation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/725487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the vast literature linking competitive interactions and speciation, attempts to understand the role of facilitation for evolutionary diversification remain scarce. Yet, community ecologists now recognize the importance of positive interactions within plant communities. Here, we examine how facilitation may interfere with the mechanisms of ecological speciation. We argue that facilitation is likely to (1) maintain gene flow among incipient species by enabling cooccurrence of adapted and maladapted forms in marginal habitats and (2) increase fitness of introgressed forms and limit reinforcement in secondary contact zones. Alternatively, we present how facilitation may favour colonization of marginal habitats and thus enhance local adaptation and ecological speciation. Therefore, facilitation may impede or pave the way for ecological speciation. Using a simple spatially and genetically explicit modelling framework, we illustrate and propose some first testable ideas about how, when, and where facilitation may act as a cohesive force for ecological speciation. These hypotheses and the modelling framework proposed should stimulate further empirical and theoretical research examining the role of both competitive and positive interactions in the formation of incipient species.
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Hirose T. Leaf-level nitrogen use efficiency: definition and importance. Oecologia 2011; 169:591-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Pontes LDS, Maire V, Louault F, Soussana JF, Carrère P. Impacts of species interactions on grass community productivity under contrasting management regimes. Oecologia 2011; 168:761-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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