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Calvo JR, Maldonado MD. Immunoregulatory properties of melatonin in the humoral immune system: A narrative review. Immunol Lett 2024; 269:106901. [PMID: 39032910 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is the major product both synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland during the night period and it is the principal chronobiotic hormone that regulates the circadian rhythms and seasonal changes in vertebrate biology. Moreover, melatonin shows both a broad distribution along the phylogenetically distant organisms and a high functional versatility. At the present time, a significant amount of experimental evidence has been reported in scientific literature and has clearly shown a functional relationship between the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The biochemistry basis of the functional communication between these systems is the utilization of a common chemicals signals. In this framework, at present melatonin is considered to be a relevant member of the so-called neuro-endocrine-immunological network. Thus, both in vivo and in vitro investigations conducted in both experimental animals and humans, have clearly documented that melatonin has an important immunomodulatory role. However, most of the published results refer to information on T lymphocytes, i.e., cell-mediated immunity. On the contrary, fewer studies have been carried out on B lymphocytes, the cells responsible for the so-called humoral immunity. In this review, we have focused on the biological role of melatonin in the humoral immunity. More precisely, we report the actions of melatonin on B lymphocytes biology and on the production of different types of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Calvo
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Spain.
| | - María D Maldonado
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Spain
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2
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Rodríguez-Míguez Y, Lozano-Ordaz V, Ortiz-Cabrera AE, Barrios-Payan J, Mata-Espinosa D, Huerta-Yepez S, Baay-Guzman G, Hernández-Pando R. Effect of IL-17A on the immune response to pulmonary tuberculosis induced by high- and low-virulence strains of Mycobacterium bovis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307307. [PMID: 39024223 PMCID: PMC11257284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, chronic, and progressive disease occurring globally. Human TB is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), while the main causative agent of bovine TB is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The latter is one of the most important cattle pathogens and is considered the main cause of zoonotic TB worldwide. The mechanisms responsible for tissue damage (necrosis) during post-primary TB remain elusive. Recently, IL-17A was reported to be important for protection against M. tuberculosis infection, but it is also related to the production of an intense inflammatory response associated with necrosis. We used two M. bovis isolates with different levels of virulence and high IL-17A production to study this important cytokine's contrasting functions in a BALB/c mouse model of pulmonary TB. In the first part of the study, the gene expression kinetics and cellular sources of IL-17A were determined by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Non-infected lungs showed low production of IL-17A, particularly by the bronchial epithelium, while lungs infected with the low-virulence 534 strain showed high IL-17A expression on Day 3 post-infection, followed by a decrease in expression in the early stage of the infection and another increase during late infection, on Day 60, when very low bacillary burdens were found. In contrast, infection with the highly virulent strain 04-303 induced a peak of IL-17A expression on Day 14 of infection, 1 week before extensive pulmonary necrosis was seen, being lymphocytes and macrophages the most important sources. In the second part of the study, the contribution of IL-17A to immune protection and pulmonary necrosis was evaluated by suppressing IL-17A via the administration of specific blocking antibodies. Infection with M. bovis strain 534 and treatment with IL-17A neutralizing antibodies did not affect mouse survival but produced a significant increase in bacillary load and a non-significant decrease in inflammatory infiltrate and granuloma area. In contrast, mice infected with the highly virulent 04-303 strain and treated with IL-17A blocking antibodies showed a significant decrease in survival, an increase in bacillary loads on Day 24 post-infection, and significantly more and earlier necrosis. Our results suggest that high expression of IL-17A is more related to protection than necrosis in a mouse model of pulmonary TB induced by M. bovis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Rodríguez-Míguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vasti Lozano-Ordaz
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel E. Ortiz-Cabrera
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Baay-Guzman
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Jung HS, Park YJ, Gu BH, Han G, Ji W, Hwang SM, Kim M. Coumarin derivatives ameliorate the intestinal inflammation and pathogenic gut microbiome changes in the model of infectious colitis through antibacterial activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1362773. [PMID: 39081865 PMCID: PMC11287663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coumarin, a phenolic compound, is a secondary metabolite produced by plants such as Tanga and Lime. Coumarin derivatives were prepared via Pechmann condensation. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the antimicrobial and gut immune-regulatory functions of coumarin derivatives. For the in vitro antimicrobial activity assay, coumarin derivatives C1 and C2 were selected based on their pathogen-killing activity against various pathogenic microbes. We further demonstrated that the selected coumarin derivatives disrupted bacterial cell membranes. Next, we examined the regulatory function of the coumarin derivatives in gut inflammation using an infectious colitis model. In an in vivo infectious colitis model, administration of selected C1 coumarin derivatives reduced pathogen loads, the number of inflammatory immune cells (Th1 cells and Th17 cells), and inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-1b) in the intestinal tissue after pathogen infection. In addition, we found that the administration of C1 coumarin derivatives minimized abnormal gut microbiome shift-driven pathogen infection. Potential pathogenic gut microbes, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae, were increased by pathogen infection. However, this pathogenic microbial expansion was minimized and beneficial bacteria, such as Ligilactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus, increased with C1 coumarin derivative treatment. Functional gene enrichment assessment revealed that the relative abundance of genes associated with lipid and nucleotide metabolism was reduced by pathogen infection; however, this phenomenon was not observed in C1 coumarin derivative-treated animals. Collectively, our data suggest that C1 coumarin derivative is effective antibacterial agents that minimize pathogen-induced gut inflammation and abnormal gut microbiome modulation through their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-su Jung
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Ju Park
- R & D Center, EyeGene, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Future Earth Research Institute, PNU JYS Science Academy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhak Ji
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su mi Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Future Earth Research Institute, PNU JYS Science Academy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Chen H, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Hu L, Yang K. Engineered bacteria in tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216817. [PMID: 38492769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
As the limitations of cancer immunotherapy become increasingly apparent, there is considerable anticipation regarding the utilization of biological tools to enhance treatment efficacy, particularly bacteria and their derivatives. Leveraging advances in genetic and synthetic biology technologies, engineered bacteria now play important roles far beyond those of conventional immunoregulatory agents, and they could function as tumor-targeting vehicles and in situ pharmaceutical factories. In recent years, these engineered bacteria play a role in almost every aspect of immunotherapy. It is nothing short of impressive to keep seeing different strain of bacteria modified in diverse ways for unique immunological enhancement. In this review, we have scrutinized the intricate interplay between the immune system and these engineered bacteria. These interactions generate strategies that can directly or indirectly optimize immunotherapy and even modulate the effects of combination therapies. Collectively, these engineered bacteria present a promising novel therapeutic strategy that promises to change the current landscape of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yinrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chonghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Furtunescu AR, Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Matei C. Inhibition of the JAK-STAT Pathway in the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4681. [PMID: 38731900 PMCID: PMC11083046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a highly prevalent dermatological disease associated with an increased systemic inflammatory response. In addition, joint involvement is also present in around 20% of patients. Therefore, treatment modalities used in this condition should be simultaneously effective at improving skin manifestations, reducing inflammation, and addressing psoriatic arthritis when present. Twenty years ago, the introduction of biologic treatments for psoriasis was a turning point in the management of this condition, offering an effective and reasonably safe option for patients whose disease could not be adequately controlled with conventional therapies. At the moment, Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKis) are a new class of promising molecules in the management of psoriasis. They are orally administered and can show benefits in patients who failed biologic therapy. We conducted a scoping review in order to identify randomized-controlled trials that investigated different JAKis in patients with plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, with an emphasis on molecules that have been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. The added value of this study is that it collected information about JAKis approved for two different indications, plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, in order to provide an integrated understanding of the range of effects that JAKis have on the whole spectrum of psoriasis manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Roxana Furtunescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Consuegra-Asprilla JM, Rodríguez-Echeverri C, Posada DH, Gómez BL, González Á. Patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis exhibit a decrease in both the fungicidal activity of neutrophils and the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13720. [PMID: 38551114 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is an important and underestimated fungal infection. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the fungicidal and proliferative capacities of neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), respectively and the clinical and microbiological characteristics of a cohort of Colombian patients diagnosed with RVVC. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 66 women were included (40 diagnosed with RVVC and 26 healthy women [HW]). Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Vaginal fluid samples were obtained for isolation, identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species using selective culture media and the Vitek 2.0® system. Blood samples were also obtained to evaluate cell subpopulations; furthermore, neutrophils and PBMCs were isolated to determine their fungicidal and proliferative capacities, respectively. RESULTS The median age was 29 (IQR: 34-23) for RVVC and 24 (IQR: 30-23) for HW. Only two species of the genus Candida were identified: Candida albicans (92.5%) and Candida lusitaniae (7.5%). Resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, flucytosine and amphotericin B was observed on six C. albicans isolates and one C. lusitaniae isolate. Only the family history of vulvovaginal candidiasis was associated with RVVC occurrence. The RVVC group exhibited a significantly higher number of neutrophils but with lower fungicidal activity in comparison to HW; likewise, PBMCs from RVVC patients presented a lower proliferation index when stimulated with C. albicans. CONCLUSION Contrary to what has been reported worldwide, in Colombian patients with RVVC, C. albicans was the main isolated species without increased antifungal resistance. The diminished fungicidal and proliferative capacities of neutrophils and PBMCs, respectively, could suggest a possible alteration in the innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Echeverri
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Daniela Herrera Posada
- Sexual Health and Cancer Group, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Beatriz L Gómez
- Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases Research Group (MICROS), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Brackman LC, Jung MS, Ogaga EI, Joshi N, Wroblewski LE, Piazuelo MB, Peek RM, Choksi YA, Algood HMS. IL-17RA-Mediated Epithelial Cell Activity Prevents Severe Inflammatory Response to Helicobacter pylori Infection. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:339-353. [PMID: 38639570 PMCID: PMC11066722 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative pathogen that colonizes the stomach, induces inflammation, and drives pathological changes in the stomach tissue, including gastric cancer. As the principal cytokine produced by Th17 cells, IL-17 mediates protective immunity against pathogens by inducing the activation and mobilization of neutrophils. Whereas IL-17A is largely produced by lymphocytes, the IL-17 receptor is expressed in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic cells. Loss of the IL-17RA in mice results in impaired antimicrobial responses to extracellular bacteria. In the context of H. pylori infection, this is compounded by extensive inflammation in Il17ra-/- mice. In this study, Foxa3creIl17rafl/fl (Il17raΔGI-Epi) and Il17rafl/fl (control) mice were used to test the hypothesis that IL-17RA signaling, specifically in epithelial cells, protects against severe inflammation after H. pylori infection. The data indicate that Il17raΔGI-Epi mice develop increased inflammation compared with controls. Despite reduced Pigr expression, levels of IgA increased in the gastric wash, suggesting significant increase in Ag-specific activation of the T follicular helper/B cell axis. Gene expression analysis of stomach tissues indicate that both acute and chronic responses are significantly increased in Il17raΔGI-Epi mice compared with controls. These data suggest that a deficiency of IL-17RA in epithelial cells is sufficient to drive chronic inflammation and hyperactivation of the Th17/T follicular helper/B cell axis but is not required for recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Furthermore, the data suggest that fibroblasts can produce chemokines in response to IL-17 and may contribute to H. pylori-induced inflammation through this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C. Brackman
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew S. Jung
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eseoghene I. Ogaga
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
| | - Nikhita Joshi
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt University, School of Biological Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yash A. Choksi
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Noor Eddin A, Alfuwais M, Noor Eddin R, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2024; 16:590. [PMID: 38474719 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscle. Despite extensive research, the etiology of ALS remains elusive, and effective treatment options are limited. However, recent evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and gut-brain axis (GBA) dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. Alterations to the composition and diversity of microbial communities within the gut flora have been consistently observed in ALS patients. These changes are often correlated with disease progression and patient outcome, suggesting that GBA modulation may have therapeutic potential. Indeed, targeting the gut microbiota has been shown to be neuroprotective in several animal models, alleviating motor symptoms and mitigating disease progression. However, the translation of these findings to human patients is challenging due to the complexity of ALS pathology and the varying diversity of gut microbiota. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on ALS-related gut dysbiosis, focusing on the implications of GBA dysfunction. It delineates three main mechanisms by which dysbiosis contributes to ALS pathology: compromised intestinal barrier integrity, metabolic dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. It also examines preclinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of gut-microbiota-modulating agents (categorized as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Noor Eddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfuwais
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reena Noor Eddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Khilwani R, Singh S. Traversing through the Mechanistic Event Analysis in IL-6 and IL-17 Signaling for a New Therapeutic Paradigm in NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1216. [PMID: 38279220 PMCID: PMC10816370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-6 and IL-17 are paradoxical cytokines that progress inflammatory states in chronic diseases, including cancer. In lung cancer, their role has been elucidated to favor cancer development by modulating signaling mechanisms critical to cellular growth. The intrinsic ability of these cytokines to influence macroautophagy is yet another reason to facilitate lung cancer. Here, we employed a systems immunology approach to discover the mechanistic role of these cytokines in cancer development. In a biological system, at later stages, the activation of NFkB stimulates immunosuppressive phenotypes to achieve tolerating effects in a transformed cell. We found that the upregulation of cytokines signaled M2 macrophages to modulate tumor responses through the activation of autophagic intermediates and inflammasome mediators. This caused immune perturbations in the tumor microenvironment, which were associated with cancer inflammation. To address these inflammatory states, we performed triggered event analysis to examine whether overexpressing immune effectors or downregulating immune suppressors may have an effect on cancer reversal. Interestingly, the inhibition of immune regulators opposed the model outcome to an increased immune response. Therefore, IL6-IL17-mediated regulation of lung cancer may address tumor malignancy and potentiate the development of newer therapeutics for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shailza Singh
- Systems Medicine Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India;
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10
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Yan JY, Lin TH, Jong YT, Hsueh JW, Wu SH, Lo HJ, Chen YC, Pan CH. Microbiota signatures associated with invasive Candida albicans infection in the gastrointestinal tract of immunodeficient mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1278600. [PMID: 38298919 PMCID: PMC10828038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal microorganism in the human gut but occasionally causes invasive C. albicans infection (ICA), especially in immunocompromised individuals. Early initiation of antifungal therapy is associated with reduced mortality of ICA, but rapid diagnosis remains a challenge. The ICA-associated changes in the gut microbiota can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets but have been poorly investigated. In this study, we utilized an immunodeficient Rag2γc (Rag2-/-il2γc-/-) mouse model to investigate the gut microbiota alterations caused by C. albicans throughout its cycle, from its introduction into the gastrointestinal tract to invasion, in the absence of antibiotics. We observed a significant increase in the abundance of Firmicutes, particularly Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, as well as a significant decrease in the abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus in mice exposed to either the wild-type SC5314 strain or the filamentation-defective mutant (cph1/cph1 efg1/efg1) HLC54 strain of C. albicans. However, only the SC5314-infected mice developed ICA. A linear discriminate analysis of the temporal changes in the gut bacterial composition revealed Bacteroides vulgatus as a discriminative biomarker associated with SC5314-infected mice with ICA. Additionally, a positive correlation between the B. vulgatus abundance and fungal load was found, and the negative correlation between the Candidatus Arthromitus abundance and fungal load after exposure to C. albicans suggested that C. albicans might affect the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells. Our findings reveal the influence of pathogenic C. albicans on the gut microbiota and identify the abundance of B. vulgatus as a microbiota signature associated with ICA in an immunodeficient mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Yan
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Jong
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Hsueh
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Hsien Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Pan
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Brackman LC, Dixon BREA, Bernard M, Revetta F, Cowell RP, Meenderink LM, Washington MK, Piazuelo MB, Algood HMS. IL-17 receptor A functions to help maintain barrier integrity and limit activation of immunopathogenic response to H. pylori infection. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0029223. [PMID: 38014948 PMCID: PMC10790819 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00292-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of Th17 cell responses, including the production of IL-17A and IL-21, contributes to host defense and inflammatory responses by coordinating adaptive and innate immune responses. IL-17A and IL-17F signal through a multimeric receptor, which includes the IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) subunit and the IL-17RC subunit. IL-17RA is expressed by many cell types, and data from previous studies suggest that loss of IL-17 receptor is required to limit immunopathology in the Helicobacter pylori model of infection. Here, an Il17ra-/- mouse was generated on the FVB/n background, and the role of IL-17 signaling in the maintenance of barrier responses to H. pylori was investigated. Generating the Il17ra-/- on the FVB/n background allowed for the examination of responses in the paragastric lymph node and will allow for future investigation into carcinogenesis. While uninfected Il17ra-/- mice do not develop spontaneous gastritis following H. pylori infection, Il17ra-/- mice develop severe gastric inflammation accompanied by lymphoid follicle production and exacerbated production of Th17 cytokines. Increased inflammation in the tissue, increased IgA levels in the lumen, and reduced production of Muc5ac in the corpus correlate with increased H. pylori-induced paragastric lymph node activation. These data suggest that the cross talk between immune cells and epithelial cells regulates mucin production, IgA production, and translocation, impacting the integrity of the gastric mucosa and therefore activating of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C. Brackman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Beverly R. E. A. Dixon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margaret Bernard
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Frank Revetta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca P. Cowell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie M. Meenderink
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Navaeiseddighi Z, Tripathi JK, Guo K, Wang Z, Schmit T, Brooks DR, Allen RA, Hur J, Mathur R, Jurivich D, Khan N. IL-17RA promotes pathologic epithelial inflammation in a mouse model of upper respiratory influenza infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011847. [PMID: 38060620 PMCID: PMC10729944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx or NP) is the first site of influenza replication, allowing the virus to disseminate to the lower respiratory tract or promoting community transmission. The host response in the NP regulates an intricate balance between viral control and tissue pathology. The hyper-inflammatory responses promote epithelial injury, allowing for increased viral dissemination and susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. However, the pathologic contributors to influenza upper respiratory tissue pathology are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of interleukin IL-17 recetor A (IL-17RA) as a modulator of influenza host response and inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. We used a combined experimental approach involving IL-17RA-/- mice and an air-liquid interface (ALI) epithelial culture model to investigate the role of IL-17 response in epithelial inflammation, barrier function, and tissue pathology. Our data show that IL-17RA-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced neutrophilia, epithelial injury, and viral load. The reduced NP inflammation and epithelial injury in IL-17RA-/- mice correlated with increased resistance against co-infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). IL-17A treatment, while potentiating the apoptosis of IAV-infected epithelial cells, caused bystander cell death and disrupted the barrier function in ALI epithelial model, supporting the in vivo findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahrasadat Navaeiseddighi
- Dept of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jitendra Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Taylor Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Delano R. Brooks
- Dept of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Reese A. Allen
- Dept of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Ramkumar Mathur
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Donald Jurivich
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Dept of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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13
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Lyon De Ana C, Shenoy AT, Barker KA, Arafa EI, Etesami NS, Korkmaz FT, Soucy AM, Breen MP, Martin IMC, Tilton BR, Devarajan P, Crossland NA, Pihl RMF, Goltry WN, Belkina AC, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP. GL7 ligand expression defines a novel subset of CD4 + T RM cells in lungs recovered from pneumococcus. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:699-710. [PMID: 37604254 PMCID: PMC10591822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common etiology of bacterial pneumonia, one of the leading causes of death in children and the elderly worldwide. During non-lethal infections with S. pneumoniae, lymphocytes accumulate in the lungs and protect against reinfection with serotype-mismatched strains. Cluster of differentiation CD4+ resident memory T (TRM) cells are known to be crucial for this protection, but the diversity of lung CD4+ TRM cells has yet to be fully delineated. We aimed to identify unique subsets and their contributions to lung immunity. After recovery from pneumococcal infections, we identified a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells defined by the phenotype CD11ahiCD69+GL7+ in mouse lungs. Phenotypic analyses for markers of lymphocyte memory and residence demonstrated that GL7+ T cells are a subset of CD4+ TRM cells. Functional studies revealed that unlike GL7- TRM subsets that were mostly (RAR-related Orphan Receptor gamma T) RORγT+, GL7+ TRM cells exhibited higher levels of (T-box expressed in T cells) T-bet and Gata-3, corresponding with increased synthesis of interferon-γ, interleukin-13, and interleukin-5, inherent to both T helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 functions. Thus, we propose that these cells provide novel contributions during pneumococcal pneumonia, serving as important determinants of lung immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lyon De Ana
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anukul T Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kimberly A Barker
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emad I Arafa
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neelou S Etesami
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Filiz T Korkmaz
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia M Soucy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Breen
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian M C Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian R Tilton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riley M F Pihl
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wesley N Goltry
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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14
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Yanamandra AK, Bhusari S, Del Campo A, Sankaran S, Qu B. In vitro evaluation of immune responses to bacterial hydrogels for the development of living therapeutic materials. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213554. [PMID: 37480604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In living therapeutic materials (LTMs), organisms genetically programmed to produce and deliver drugs are encapsulated in porous matrices acting as physical barriers between the therapeutic organisms and the host cells. LTMs consisting of engineered E. coli encapsulated in Pluronic F127-based hydrogels have been frequently used in LTM designs but their immunogenicity has not been tested. In this study, we investigate the response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to this bacteria/hydrogel combination. The release of inflammation-related cytokines and cytotoxic proteins and the subsets of natural killer cells and T cells were examined. Encapsulation of the bacteria in hydrogels considerably lowers their immunogenicity. ClearColi, an endotoxin-free variant of E. coli, did not polarize NK cells into the more cytolytic CD16dim subset as E. coli. Our results demonstrate that ClearColi-encapsulated hydrogels generate low immunogenic response and are suitable candidates for the development of LTMs for in vivo testing to assess a potential clinical use. Nevertheless, we observed a stronger immune response (elevated levels of IFNγ, IL-6 and cytotoxic proteins) in pro-inflammatory PBMCs characterized by a high spontaneous release of IL-2. This highlights the need to identify recipients who have a higher likelihood of experiencing undesired immune responses to LTMs with IL-2 serving as a potential predictive marker. Additionally, including anti-inflammatory measures in living therapeutic material designs could be beneficial for such recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana K Yanamandra
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Shardul Bhusari
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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15
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Cole S, Manghera A, Burns L, Barrett J, Yager N, Rhys H, Skelton A, Cole J, Goodyear CS, Griffiths M, Baeten D, Bertolini M, Shaw S, Al-Mossawi H, Maroof A. Differential regulation of IL-17A and IL-17F via STAT5 contributes to psoriatic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:783-798. [PMID: 37244461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17A plays a pivotal pathogenic role in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Despite sharing 50% sequence homology with IL-17A, the role of IL-17F remains less clear. Clinical findings suggest that dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F in psoriatic disease is more efficacious than IL-17A inhibition alone, positing a pathogenic role for IL-17F. OBJECTIVE We characterized the regulation of IL-17A and IL-17F in psoriatic disease. METHODS Using both in vitro systems and lesional skin tissue from patients, we interrogated the chromosomal, transcriptional, and protein expression landscape of IL-17A+ and IL-17F+ TH17 cells. Alongside established assays such as single-cell RNA sequencing, we developed a novel cytokine-capture technique that was combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing. RESULTS We confirm a preferential elevation of IL-17F over IL-17A in psoriatic disease and show that expression of each isoform predominantly occurs in distinct cell populations. The expression of both IL-17A and IL-17F exhibited a high degree of plasticity, with the balance between the 2 isoforms influenced by proinflammatory signaling and by anti-inflammatory drugs such as methylprednisolone. This plasticity was reflected in a broad H3K4me3 region at the IL17A-F locus, while opposing effects of STAT5/IL-2 signaling were observed for each of the 2 genes. Functionally, higher IL17F expression was linked to greater cell proliferation. CONCLUSION There are key differences in the regulation of IL-17A and IL-17F in psoriatic disease, leading to distinct inflammatory cell populations. As such, we propose that both IL-17A and IL-17F neutralization may be required to maximally inhibit IL-17-driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Yager
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | | | - John Cole
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | | | | | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions, Munster
| | | | - Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
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16
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Sisto M, Lisi S. Interleukin-23 Involved in Fibrotic Autoimmune Diseases: New Discoveries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5699. [PMID: 37685766 PMCID: PMC10489062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 is a central pro-inflammatory cytokine with a broad range of effects on immune responses. IL-23 is pathologically linked to the induction of the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-22, which stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Recent discoveries suggest a potential pro-fibrotic role for IL-23 in the development of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases characterized by intense fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the biological features of IL-23 and gathered recent research on the role of IL-23 in fibrotic autoimmune conditions, which could provide a theoretical basis for clinical targeting and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70123 Bari, Italy;
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17
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Strober B, Paul C, Blauvelt A, Thaçi D, Puig L, Lebwohl M, White K, Vanvoorden V, Deherder D, Gomez NN, Eyerich K. Bimekizumab efficacy and safety in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Two-year interim results from the open-label extension of the randomized BE RADIANT phase 3b trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:486-495. [PMID: 37182701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bimekizumab is a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that inhibits interleukin-17A/F. Bimekizumab is more efficacious than secukinumab over 1 year in the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the safety and efficacy of bimekizumab through 2 years in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS The BE RADIANT phase 3b randomized controlled trial consisted of a 48-week double-blinded period, where patients received bimekizumab (320 mg every 4 or 8 weeks) or secukinumab (300 mg weekly to Week 4, then every 4 weeks), and an open-label extension (OLE). From Week 48, all patients received bimekizumab in the OLE. RESULTS At Week 48, more patients achieved complete skin clearance (PASI 100; modified non-responder imputation) with bimekizumab than secukinumab (74.8% vs 52.8%). PASI 100 responses were maintained to Week 96 in continuous bimekizumab patients (70.8%); patients who switched from secukinumab to bimekizumab had increased rates at Week 96 (76.6%). The most common adverse events were: nasopharyngitis, oral candidiasis, and urinary tract infection. Safety data were consistent with the known safety profile of bimekizumab. LIMITATIONS Limited racial diversity; overlap with the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS High PASI 100 responses achieved with bimekizumab over 48 weeks were sustained through Week 96; secukinumab patients who switched to bimekizumab achieved similar responses by Week 96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Strober
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, Connecticut.
| | - Carle Paul
- Toulouse University and INSERM Infinity, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Diamant Thaçi
- Insititute and Centre for Inflammation Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luis Puig
- Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Wesolowski M, Can P, Warzecha K, Freise F, Carlson R, Neßler J, Tipold A. Long-term changes of Th17 and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of dogs with spinal cord injury after intervertebral disc herniation. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:90. [PMID: 37481518 PMCID: PMC10362779 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is one of the most common causes of spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs. As a result of acute SCI, a complex inflammatory response occurs in the spinal cord. Th17 cells (Th17) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, while regulatory T cells (Treg) have opposite effects producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether Th17- and Treg cells are involved in the pathogenesis of SCI or whether cellular changes occur due to coexisting inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that chronic alterations in the Th17/Treg ratio are associated with a worse outcome after SCI. METHODS Twenty-six paretic or plegic dogs with IVDH with and without coexisting inflammatory disease were investigated in the acute stage of the disease and after recovery of SCI. In addition, a healthy control group was included (n = 14). Quantification of Th17 and Treg cells, from peripheral blood samples, was performed by multicolor flow cytometry and IL17 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After recovery significantly higher levels of Th17 (p = 0.0265) and Treg cells (p = 0.00025) were detected compared to acute IVDH but Th17/Treg ratio did not differ significantly. Recovered dogs and the control group did not differ significantly from each other. No association between an imbalance in the ratio and neurologic severity or underlying inflammatory diseases was found. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that altered Th17 and Treg levels in peripheral blood are altered in the acute stage of IVDH, preexisting inflammatory diseases seem not to influence these cell populations. Th17 and Treg cells could be considered when evaluating new treatment strategies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wesolowski
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - P Can
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Warzecha
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Freise
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Carlson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Neßler
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Das S, Howlader DR, Lu T, Whittier SK, Hu G, Sharma S, Dietz ZK, Ratnakaram SSK, Varisco DJ, Ernst RK, Picking WD, Picking WL. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of nanoparticle formulations of L-SseB against Salmonella infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208848. [PMID: 37457702 PMCID: PMC10347375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica, a Gram-negative pathogen, has over 2500 serovars that infect a wide range of hosts. In humans, S. enterica causes typhoid or gastroenteritis and is a major public health concern. In this study, SseB (the tip protein of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system) was fused with the LTA1 subunit of labile-toxin from enterotoxigenic E. coli to make the self-adjuvanting antigen L-SseB. Two unique nanoparticle formulations were developed to allow multimeric presentation of L-SseB. Mice were vaccinated with these formulations and protective efficacy determined via challenging the mice with S. enterica serovars. The polysaccharide (chitosan) formulation was found to elicit better protection when compared to the squalene nanoemulsion. When the polysaccharide formulation was used to vaccinate rabbits, protection from S. enterica challenge was elicited. In summary, L-SseB in a particulate polysaccharide formulation appears to be an attractive candidate vaccine capable of broad protection against S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Debaki R. Howlader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sean K. Whittier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Simran Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zackary K. Dietz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Siva S. K. Ratnakaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - David J. Varisco
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William D. Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Wendy L. Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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20
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Rawling M, Schiavone M, Apper E, Merrifield DL, Castex M, Leclercq E, Foey A. Yeast cell wall extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae varying in structure and composition differentially shape the innate immunity and mucosal tissue responses of the intestine of zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158390. [PMID: 37304290 PMCID: PMC10248512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising awareness of antimicrobial resistance, the development and use of functional feed additives (FFAs) as an alternative prophylactic approach to improve animal health and performance is increasing. Although the FFAs from yeasts are widely used in animal and human pharma applications already, the success of future candidates resides in linking their structural functional properties to their efficacy in vivo. Herein, this study aimed to characterise the biochemical and molecular properties of four proprietary yeast cell wall extracts from S. cerevisiae in relation to their potential effect on the intestinal immune responses when given orally. Dietary supplementation of the YCW fractions identified that the α-mannan content was a potent driver of mucus cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte hyperplasia within the intestinal mucosal tissue. Furthermore, the differences in α-mannan and β-1,3-glucans chain lengths of each YCW fraction affected their capacity to be recognised by different PRRs. As a result, this affected the downstream signalling and shaping of the innate cytokine milieu to elicit the preferential mobilisation of effector T-helper cell subsets namely Th17, Th1, Tr1 and FoxP3+-Tregs. Together these findings demonstrate the importance of characterising the molecular and biochemical properties of YCW fractions when assessing and concluding their immune potential. Additionally, this study offers novel perspectives in the development specific YCW fractions derived from S. cerievisae for use in precision animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rawling
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel L. Merrifield
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew Foey
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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21
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Mancuso G, Bechi Genzano C, Fierabracci A, Fousteri G. Type 1 diabetes and inborn errors of immunity: Complete strangers or 2 sides of the same coin? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00427-X. [PMID: 37097271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease and does not follow a mendelian pattern. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), on the other hand, are caused by damaging germline variants, suggesting that T1D and IEIs have nothing in common. Some IEIs, resulting from mutations in genes regulating regulatory T-cell homeostasis, are associated with elevated incidence of T1D. The genetic spectrum of IEIs is gradually being unraveled; consequently, molecular pathways underlying human monogenic autoimmunity are being identified. There is an appreciable overlap between some of these pathways and the genetic variants that determine T1D susceptibility, suggesting that after all, IEI and T1D are 2 sides of the same coin. The study of monogenic IEIs with a variable incidence of T1D has the potential to provide crucial insights into the mechanisms leading to T1D. These insights contribute to the definition of T1D endotypes and explain disease heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the interconnected pathogenic pathways of autoimmunity, β-cell function, and primary immunodeficiency. We also examine the role of environmental factors in disease penetrance as well as the circumstantial evidence of IEI drugs in preventing and curing T1D in individuals with IEIs, suggesting the repositioning of these drugs also for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Mancuso
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Samarpita S, Li X. Leveraging Exosomes as the Next-Generation Bio-Shuttles: The Next Biggest Approach against Th17 Cell Catastrophe. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087647. [PMID: 37108809 PMCID: PMC10142210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the launch of clinical-grade exosomes is rising expeditiously, as they represent a new powerful approach for the delivery of advanced therapies and for diagnostic purposes for various diseases. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that can act as biological messengers between cells, in the context of health and disease. In comparison to several lab-based drug carriers, exosome exhibits high stability, accommodates diverse cargo loads, elicits low immunogenicity and toxicity, and therefore manifests tremendous perspectives in the development of therapeutics. The efforts made to spur exosomes in drugging the untreatable targets are encouraging. Currently, T helper (Th) 17 cells are considered the most prominent factor in the establishment of autoimmunity and several genetic disorders. Current reports have indicated the importance of targeting the development of Th17 cells and the secretion of its paracrine molecule, interleukin (IL)-17. However, the present-day targeted approaches exhibit drawbacks, such as high cost of production, rapid transformation, poor bioavailability, and importantly, causing opportunistic infections that ultimately hamper their clinical applications. To overcome this hurdle, the potential use of exosomes as vectors seem to be a promising approach for Th17 cell-targeted therapies. With this standpoint, this review discusses this new concept by providing a snapshot of exosome biogenesis, summarizes the current clinical trials of exosomes in several diseases, analyzes the prospect of exosomes as an established drug carrier and delineates the present challenges, with an emphasis on their practical applications in targeting Th17 cells in diseases. We further decode the possible future scope of exosome bioengineering for targeted drug delivery against Th17 cells and its catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Samarpita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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23
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Clemente TM, Augusto L, Angara RK, Gilk SD. Coxiella burnetii actively blocks IL-17-induced oxidative stress in macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532774. [PMID: 36993319 PMCID: PMC10055185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious pathogen that causes Q fever, a leading cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Coxiella first targets alveolar macrophages and forms a phagolysosome-like compartment called the Coxiella-Containing Vacuole (CCV). Successful host cell infection requires the Type 4B Secretion System (T4BSS), which translocates bacterial effector proteins across the CCV membrane into the host cytoplasm, where they manipulate numerous cell processes. Our prior transcriptional studies revealed that Coxiella T4BSS blocks IL-17 signaling in macrophages. Given that IL-17 is known to protect against pulmonary pathogens, we hypothesize that C. burnetii T4BSS downregulates intracellular IL-17 signaling to evade the host immune response and promote bacterial pathogenesis. Using a stable IL-17 promoter reporter cell line, we confirmed that Coxiella T4BSS blocks IL-17 transcription activation. Assessment of the phosphorylation state of NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK revealed that Coxiella downregulates IL-17 activation of these proteins. Using ACT1 knockdown and IL-17RA or TRAF6 knockout cells, we next determined that IL17RA-ACT1-TRAF6 pathway is essential for the IL-17 bactericidal effect in macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated with IL-17 generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species, which is likely connected to the bactericidal effect of IL-17. However, C. burnetii T4SS effector proteins block the IL-17-mediated oxidative stress, suggesting that Coxiella blocks IL-17 signaling to avoid direct killing by the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Clemente
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Leonardo Augusto
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Rajendra K Angara
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
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24
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Elkin ER, Su AL, Dou JF, Colacino JA, Bridges D, Padmanabhan V, Harris SM, Boldenow E, Loch-Caruso R, Bakulski KM. Sexually concordant and dimorphic transcriptional responses to maternal trichloroethylene and/or N-acetyl cysteine exposure in Wistar rat placental tissue. Toxicology 2023; 483:153371. [PMID: 36396003 PMCID: PMC10078828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous Superfund sites are contaminated with the volatile organic chemical trichloroethylene (TCE). In women, exposure to TCE in pregnancy is associated with reduced birth weight. Our previous study reported that TCE exposure in pregnant rats decreased fetal weight and elevated oxidative stress biomarkers in placentae, suggesting placental injury as a potential mechanism of TCE-induced adverse birth outcomes. In this study, we investigated if co-exposure with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates TCE exposure effects on RNA expression. Timed-pregnant Wistar rats were exposed orally to 480 mg TCE/kg/day on gestation days 6-16. Exposure of 200 mg NAC/kg/day alone or as a pre/co-exposure with TCE occurred on gestation days 5-16 to stimulate antioxidant genes prior to TCE exposure. Tissue was collected on gestation day 16. In male and female placentae, we evaluated TCE- and/or NAC-induced changes to gene expression and pathway enrichment analyses using false discovery rate (FDR) and fold-change criteria. In female placentae, exposure to TCE caused significant differential expression 129 genes while the TCE+NAC altered 125 genes, compared with controls (FDR< 0.05 + fold-change >1). In contrast, in male placentae TCE exposure differentially expressed 9 genes and TCE+NAC differentially expressed 35 genes, compared with controls (FDR< 0.05 + fold-change >1). NAC alone did not significantly alter gene expression in either sex. Differentially expressed genes observed with TCE exposure were enriched in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in females whereas immune system pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways were differentially expressed in both sexes (FDR<0.05). TCE treatment was differentially enriched for genes regulated by the transcription factors ATF6 (both sexes) and ATF4 (males only), indicating a cellular condition triggered by misfolded proteins during endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study demonstrates novel genes and pathways involved in TCE-induced placental injury and showed antioxidant co-treatment largely did not attenuate TCE exposure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana R Elkin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Anthony L Su
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John F Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean M Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Barral TD, Kalil MA, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Gismene C, Sousa FS, Collares T, Seixas FK, Borsuk S, Estrela-Lima A, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Portela RW. Immunoprophylactic properties of the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-derived MBP:PLD:CP40 fusion protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8035-8051. [PMID: 36374330 PMCID: PMC9660185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease that affects small ruminants, and the best way to prevent its spread on a herd is through immunoprophylaxis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the MBP:PLD:CP40 fusion protein as a new CLA immunogen. The fusion protein was constructed by combining Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis PLD and CP40 proteins with maltose-binding protein (MBP) as an intrinsic adjuvant. The antigenicity, allergenic potential, prediction of B epitopes, binding to MHC receptors, and docking on the Toll-Like 2 receptor were evaluated in silico. MBP:PLD:CP40 was expressed and purified. 40 BALB/c were divided into four groups (G1 - control, G2 - Saponin, G3 - MBP:PLD:CP40, and G4 - rPLD + rCP40). Total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were quantified, and the expressions of cytokines after splenocyte in vitro stimulation were assessed. Mice were challenged 42 days after the first immunization. The in silico analysis showed that MBP:PLD:CP40 has immunogenic potential, does not have allergic properties, and can dock on the TRL2 receptor. MBP:PLD:CP40 stimulated the production of IgG1 antibodies in a fivefold proportion to IgG2a, and TNF and IL-17 were significantly expressed in response to the antigenic stimuli. When rPLD and rCP40 were used together for immunization, they could induce IFN-γ and IL-12, but with no detectable antibody production. The G3 and G4 groups presented a survival of 57.14% and 42.86%, respectively, while the G1 and G2 mice were all dead 15 days after the challenge. MBP:PLD:CP40 partially protected the mice against C. pseudotuberculosis infection and can be considered a potential new CLA immunogen. KEY POINTS: • The fusion protein induced more IgG1 than IgG2a antibodies; • The fusion protein also induced the expression of the TNF and IL-17 cytokines; • Mice inoculated with MBP:PLD:CP40 presented a 57.14% survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Alcantara Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Barros Mariutti
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gismene
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Severo Sousa
- Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kommling Seixas
- Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil.
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26
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Pelgrim CE, van Ark I, van Berkum RE, Schuitemaker-Borneman AM, Flier I, Leusink-Muis T, Janbazacyabar H, Diks MAP, Gosker HR, Kelders MCJM, Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ, Hageman RJJ, Braber S, Garssen J, Folkerts G, van Helvoort A, Kraneveld AD. Effects of a nutritional intervention on impaired behavior and cognitive function in an emphysematous murine model of COPD with endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1010989. [PMID: 36466426 PMCID: PMC9714332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1010989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One cluster of the extrapulmonary manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to the brain, which includes anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Brain-related comorbidities are related to worsening of symptoms and increased mortality in COPD patients. In this study, a murine model of COPD was used to examine the effects of emphysema and repetitive pulmonary inflammatory events on systemic inflammatory outcomes and brain function. In addition, the effect of a dietary intervention on brain-related parameters was assessed. Adult male C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to elastase or vehicle intratracheally (i.t.) once a week on three consecutive weeks. Two weeks after the final administration, mice were i.t. exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle for three times with a 10 day interval. A dietary intervention enriched with omega-3 PUFAs, prebiotic fibers, tryptophan and vitamin D was administered from the first LPS exposure onward. Behavior and cognitive function, the degree of emphysema and both pulmonary and systemic inflammation as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuroinflammation in the brain were assessed. A lower score in the cognitive test was observed in elastase-exposed mice. Mice exposed to elastase plus LPS showed less locomotion in the behavior test. The enriched diet seemed to reduce anxiety-like behavior over time and cognitive impairments associated with the presented COPD model, without affecting locomotion. In addition, the enriched diet restored the disbalance in splenic T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. There was a trend toward recovering elastase plus LPS-induced decreased expression of occludin in brain microvessels, a measure of BBB integrity, as well as improving expression levels of kynurenine pathway markers in the brain by the enriched diet. The findings of this study demonstrate brain-associated comorbidities - including cognitive and behavioral impairments - in this murine model for COPD. Although no changes in lung parameters were observed, exposure to the specific enriched diet in this model appeared to improve systemic immune disbalance, BBB integrity and derailed kynurenine pathway which may lead to reduction of anxiety-like behavior and improved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Pelgrim
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronja E. van Berkum
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. Schuitemaker-Borneman
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inge Flier
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thea Leusink-Muis
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hamed Janbazacyabar
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mara A. P. Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry R. Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marco C. J. M. Kelders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ramon C. J. Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
Spirochetes of the genus Borrelia can spread to various organs including the central nervous system. The neurological disease manifestations in these bacterial infections are commonly referred as neuroborreliosis. Currently, long-term antibiotic treatment is the only the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved option for those suffering from neuroborreliosis. Using Borrelia hermsii infection in mice, we have previously established a relapsing fever neuroborreliosis model. In this model, we found that the induction of interleukin (IL)-17A signaling plays a major role in the pathogenesis of relapsing fever neuroborreliosis. We show that anti-IL-17A antibody treatment can ameliorate the pathology. Our data suggest that IL-17A blockade may be a therapeutic strategy for controlling relapsing fever neuroborreliosis. Relapsing fever due to Borrelia hermsii is characterized by recurrent bacteremia episodes. However, infection of B. hermsii, if not treated early, can spread to various organs including the central nervous system (CNS). CNS disease manifestations are commonly referred to as relapsing fever neuroborreliosis (RFNB). In the mouse model of B. hermsii infection, we have previously shown that the development of RFNB requires innate immune cells as well as T cells. Here, we found that prior to the onset of RFNB, an increase in the systemic proinflammatory cytokine response followed by sustained levels of IP-10 concurrent with the CNS disease phase. RNA sequencing analysis of the spinal cord tissue during the disease phase revealed an association of the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway in RFNB. To test a possible role for IL-17 in RFNB, we compared B. hermsii infection in wild-type and IL-17A−/− mice. Although the onset of bacteremia and protective anti-B. hermsii antibody responses occurred similarly, the blood-brain barrier permeability, proinflammatory cytokine levels, immune cell infiltration in the spinal cord, and RFNB manifestations were significantly diminished in IL-17A−/− mice compared to wild-type mice. Treatment of B. hermsii-infected wild-type mice with anti-IL-17A antibody ameliorated the severity of spinal cord inflammation, microglial cell activation, and RFNB. These data suggest that the IL-17 signaling pathway plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RFNB, and IL-17A blockade may be a therapeutic modality for controlling neuroborreliosis.
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28
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Xiong DK, Shi X, Han MM, Zhang XM, Wu NN, Sheng XY, Wang JN. The regulatory mechanism and potential application of IL-23 in autoimmune diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982238. [PMID: 36176425 PMCID: PMC9514453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-23 is a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by dendritic cells and macrophages that belongs to the IL-12 family. It has pro-inflammatory effects and is a key cytokine and upstream regulatory cytokine involved in protective immune responses, stimulating the differentiation and proliferation of downstream effectors such as Th17 cells. It is expressed in various autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The IL-23/TH17 axis formed by IL-23 and TH17 has been confirmed to participate in autoimmune diseases pathogenesis. IL-23R is the receptor for IL-23 and plays an activating role. Targeting IL-23 is currently the main strategy for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. In this review we summarized the mechanism of action and clinical application potential of IL-23 in autoimmune diseases by summarizing the latest research results and reviewing the literature, which would help to further understand IL-23 and provide a theoretical basis for future clinical targeting and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Kai Xiong
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao-Miao Han
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Na-Na Wu
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Yue Sheng
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Nian Wang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Nian Wang,
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29
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Jarocki M, Karska J, Kowalski S, Kiełb P, Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Szydełko T, Małkiewicz B. Interleukin 17 and Its Involvement in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174973. [PMID: 36078902 PMCID: PMC9457171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, molecular and immunological research is essential for the better understanding of tumor cells pathophysiology. The increasing number of neoplasms has been taken under ‘the molecular magnifying glass’ and, therefore, it is possible to discover complex relationships between the cytophysiology and immune system action. An example could be renal cell carcinoma (RCC) which has deep interactions with immune mediators such as Interleukin 17 (IL-17)—an inflammatory cytokine reacting to tissue damage and external pathogens. RCC is one of the most fatal urological cancers because of its often late diagnosis and poor susceptibility to therapies. IL-17 and its relationship with tumors is extremely complex and constitutes a recent topic for numerous studies. What is worth highlighting is IL-17’s dual character in cancer development—it could be pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic. The aim of this review is to summarize the newest data considering multiple connections between IL-17 and RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jarocki
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kiełb
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowak
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-506-158-136
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Ge G, Yang Z, Li D, Zhang N, Chen B, Shi D. Distinct host immune responses in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959740. [PMID: 35967437 PMCID: PMC9366074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) are one of the most common gynecological infections, primarily caused by Candida species. Although risk factors of RVVC and VVC have been identified in many studies, antifungal immunological mechanisms are still not fully understood. We performed a 1-year prospective study in a local hospital to monitor 98 patients clinically diagnosed with gynecological Candida infection. The results showed that 20.41% (20/98) are with RVVC, and 79.59% (78/98) patients have VVC. C. albicans accounts for 90% and 96.1% of all strains isolated collected from RVVC and VVC patients, respectively. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed no significant difference in Candida species between RVVC and VVC patients. However, the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17F in the RVVC group were significantly lower than those of the VVC group, while IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in the RVVC patients than VVC patients. IL-17A and IL-2 levels were comparable between the two groups. Taken together, our results suggest that the host-immune responses, especially Th1/2 immunity, may play important roles in prognosis of RVVC and VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Ge
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiya Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Shi,
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Ji HJ, Jang AY, Song JY, Ahn KB, Han SH, Bang SJ, Jung HK, Hur J, Seo HS. Development of Live Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Vaccine Strain Using Radiation Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET). Front Immunol 2022; 13:931052. [PMID: 35898510 PMCID: PMC9310569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of food-borne diseases in humans worldwide, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestine or gallbladder of livestock, and are transmitted predominantly from animals to humans via the fecal-oral route. Thus, the best preventive strategy is to preemptively prevent transmission to humans by vaccinating livestock. Live attenuated vaccines have been mostly favored because they elicit both cellular and humoral immunity and provide long-term protective immunity. However, developing these vaccines is a laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, most live attenuated vaccines have been mainly used for phenotypic screening using the auxotrophic replica plate method, and new types of vaccines have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we used Radiation-Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET) to introduce a wide variety of mutations and attenuate the virulence of Salmonella spp. to develop live vaccine strains. The Salmonella Typhimurium, ST454 strain (ST WT) was irradiated with Cobalt60 gamma-irradiator at 1.5 kGy for 1 h to maximize the mutation rate, and attenuated daughter colonies were screened using in vitro macrophage replication capacity and in vivo mouse infection assays. Among 30 candidates, ATOMSal-L6, with 9,961-fold lower virulence than the parent strain (ST454) in the mouse LD50 model, was chosen. This vaccine candidate was mutated at 71 sites, and in particular, lost one bacteriophage. As a vaccine, ATOMSal-L6 induced a Salmonella-specific IgG response to provide effective protective immunity upon intramuscular vaccination of mice. Furthermore, when mice and sows were orally immunized with ATOMSal-L6, we found a strong protective immune response, including multifunctional cellular immunity. These results indicate that ATOMSal-L6 is the first live vaccine candidate to be developed using R-MET, to the best of our knowledge. R-MET can be used as a fast and effective live vaccine development technology that can be used to develop vaccine strains against emerging or serotype-shifting pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Bang
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Jung
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Hur, ; Ho Seong Seo,
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Hur, ; Ho Seong Seo,
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Utilization of gut environment-mediated control system of host immunity in the development of vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2022; 40:5399-5403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Atzeni F, Siragusano C, Masala IF, Antonio C, Valentina P, D'Angelo S. IL-23 in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a good fit for biological treatment? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:843-853. [PMID: 35722768 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2090834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a protective role against bacterial and fungal infections. However, the dysregulation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis provides a solid substrate for the development of various inflammatory diseases, such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). AREAS COVERED In different clinical trials, several drugs against IL-23 have shown efficacy and safety towards PsA, with excellent results on skin and joint scores. However, the same drugs did not show the same efficacy in AS, suggesting that IL-23 may not be a relevant driver of the pathobiology and clinical symptoms of active axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). EXPERT OPINION These drugs have shown an excellent efficacy and a good safety profile towards PsA, while in AS the efficacy of the IL-23 blockade is lacking for reasons not yet known. Several hypotheses have been reported, but further studies will be needed for a greater understanding. This suggests the involvement of pathways or mechanisms for the development of SpA that remain unknown. In order to allow a wide use of IL-23 inhibitors, further clinical trials and long-term prospective studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cesare Siragusano
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Carriero Antonio
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL): Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy.,PhD Scholarship in Translational and Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Picerno Valentina
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL): Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Angelo
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL): Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy
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Wu JH, Imadojemu S, Caplan AS. The Evolving Landscape of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: Pathogenic Insight, Clinical Challenges, and New Frontiers in Therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:499-514. [PMID: 35583850 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of granulomas in affected tissue. Cutaneous manifestations are among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in sarcoidosis and can lead to disfiguring disease requiring chronic therapy. In many patients, skin disease may be the first recognized manifestation of sarcoidosis, necessitating a thorough evaluation for systemic involvement. Although the precise etiology of sarcoidosis and the pathogenic mechanisms leading to granuloma formation, persistence, or resolution remain unclear, recent research has led to significant advances in our understanding of this disease. This article reviews recent advances in epidemiology, sarcoidosis clinical assessment with a focus on the dermatologist's role, disease pathogenesis, and new therapies in use and under investigation for cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Wu
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sotonye Imadojemu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrom S Caplan
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- New York University Sarcoidosis Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Jiang Z, Sun L, Ding X, Zhang T, Li S, Ding X. Cytokine Profile in Aqueous Humor of Patients With Ocular Toxocariasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869976. [PMID: 35646978 PMCID: PMC9136239 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeOcular toxocariasis (OT) is a vision-threatening disease with a largely unknown intraocular pathogenesis. Herein, we determined the cytokine expression profile in aqueous humor (AH) of patients with OT.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study of cytokine levels in AH of patients with OT and uveitis and control subjects. Thirty samples from eyes with OT, 23 from eyes with non-OT uveitis, and 25 from eyes with age-related cataract were analyzed using a multiplexed magnetic bead immunoassay. Thirty-one cytokines were detected and classified into 5 categories: T-helper type 1 (Th1) -associated cytokines, Th2-associated cytokines, Th17 cytokine, proinflammatory mediators, and growth factors.ResultsIn the 31 cytokines, 9 cytokines were undetectable, including IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-3, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TGF-a, TNF-β, and IFN-g. From the 22 cytokines, 13 exhibited significantly increased expression in the OT group than in the control group, including TNF-a, IFN-a2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, sCD40L, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, FLT3l, and EGF. There were 5 cytokines exhibited significantly increased expression in the OT group than in non-OT group, including IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, and PDGF-AA. There was no significantly decreased expression in any cytokines in the OT group when compared with control or non-OT groups. To the 5 cytokines that showed significant difference in OT group alone, IL-10 and IL-13 exhibited more than 13-fold increase, and IL-5 showed the most obvious as 27-fold increase in OT patients, when compared with that in control group.ConclusionThe cytokine profile expression in aqueous humor from patients with ocular toxocariasis was investigated, and our findings suggest that Th1 and Th17 cytokine responses are not enhanced, whereas the cytokine status was polarized toward a Th2 response. Our findings also suggest the involvement of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in the immunopathogenesis of ocular toxocariasis.
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Tumors and Cytomegalovirus: An Intimate Interplay. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040812. [PMID: 35458542 PMCID: PMC9028007 DOI: 10.3390/v14040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that alternates lytic and latent infection, infecting between 40 and 95% of the population worldwide, usually without symptoms. During its lytic cycle, HCMV can result in fever, asthenia, and, in some cases, can lead to severe symptoms such as hepatitis, pneumonitis, meningitis, retinitis, and severe cytomegalovirus disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Usually, the host immune response keeps the virus in a latent stage, although HCMV can reactivate in an inflammatory context, which could result in sequential lytic/latent viral cycles during the lifetime and thereby participate in the HCMV genomic diversity in humans and the high level of HCMV intrahost genomic variability. The oncomodulatory role of HCMV has been reported, where the virus will favor the development and spread of cancerous cells. Recently, an oncogenic role of HCMV has been highlighted in which the virus will directly transform primary cells and might therefore be defined as the eighth human oncovirus. In light of these new findings, it is critical to understand the role of the immune landscape, including the tumor microenvironment present in HCMV-harboring tumors. Finally, the oncomodulatory/oncogenic potential of HCMV could lead to the development of novel adapted therapeutic approaches against HCMV, especially since immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapeutic strategies and new therapeutic approaches are actively needed, particularly to fight tumors of poor prognosis.
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Martynova E, Rizvanov A, Urbanowicz RA, Khaiboullina S. Inflammasome Contribution to the Activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:851835. [PMID: 35369454 PMCID: PMC8969514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.851835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic polyprotein complexes formed in response to various external and internal stimuli, including viral and bacterial antigens. The main product of the inflammasome is active caspase 1 which proteolytically cleaves, releasing functional interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). These cytokines play a central role in shaping immune response to pathogens. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation, as well as their role in development of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes. The contribution of cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, products of activated inflammasomes, are summarized. Additionally, the role of cytokines released from tissue cells in promoting differentiation of lymphocyte populations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A. Urbanowicz
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Armstrong AW, Blauvelt A, Mrowietz U, Strober B, Gisondi P, Merola JF, Langley RG, Ståhle M, Lebwohl M, Netea MG, Nunez Gomez N, Warren RB. A Practical Guide to the Management of Oral Candidiasis in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis Receiving Treatments That Target Interleukin-17. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:787-800. [PMID: 35167107 PMCID: PMC8941045 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with the dysregulation of cytokines, especially those involved in the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 pathways. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing biologic therapies that target these pathways. However, inhibition of the cytokines of the IL-23/IL-17 pathways may increase patients' risk of developing fungal infections, particularly oral candidiasis. Therefore, it is important that dermatology practitioners can effectively diagnose and treat oral candidiasis. In this review, we examine the role of the IL-23/IL-17 pathways in antifungal host defense, and provide a practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis. Overall, while treatment with anti-IL-17 medications leads to an increased incidence of oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis, these cases are typically mild or moderate in severity and can be managed with standard antifungal therapy without discontinuing treatment for psoriasis. If applicable, patients with psoriasis should also be advised to practice good oral hygiene and manage or control co-existing diabetes, and should be provided with information on smoking cessation to prevent oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- April W Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | | | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Center at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bruce Strober
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, CT, USA
| | | | - Joseph F Merola
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard G Langley
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mark Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Anam K, Endharti AT, Poeranto S, Sujuti H, Hidayati DYN, Prawiro SR. Shigella flexneri vaccine development: Oral administration of peptides derived from the 49.8 kDa pili protein subunit activates the intestinal immune response in mice. Vet World 2022; 15:281-287. [PMID: 35400957 PMCID: PMC8980390 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.281-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The morbidity and mortality of Shigella infections remain a global challenge. Epitope-based vaccine development is an emerging strategy to prevent bacterial invasion. This study aimed to identify the ability of the 49.8 kDa pili subunit adhesin protein epitope of Shigella flexneri to induce an intestinal immune response in mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Balb/c mice were divided into a control group, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) group, CTB+QSSTGTNSQSDLDS (pep_1) group, CTB+DTTITKAETKTVTKNQVVDTPVTTDAAK (pep_2) group, and CTB+ ATLGATLNRLDFNVNNK (pep_3). We performed immunization by orally administering 50 μg of antigen and 50 μl of adjuvant once a week over 4 weeks. We assessed the cellular immune response by quantifying T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 using flow cytometry. In addition, we assessed the humoral immune response by quantifying interleukin (IL-4), IL-17, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and β-defensin using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Peptide oral immunization increases the cellular immune response as reflected by the increase of Th2 (p=0.019) and Th17 (p=0.004) cell counts, particularly in the CTB_pep_1 group. Humoral immune response activation was demonstrated by increased IL-4 levels, especially in the CTB+pep_3 group (p=0.000). The IL-17 level was increased significantly in the CTB+pep_1 group (p=0.042). The mucosal immune response was demonstrated by the sIgA levels increase in the CTB+pep_3 group (p=0.042) and the β-defensin protein levels (p=0.000). Conclusion: All selected peptides activated the cellular and humoral immune responses in the intestine of mice. Further studies are necessary to optimize antigen delivery and evaluate whether the neutralizing properties of these peptides allow them to prevent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoirul Anam
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Study Program of Medical Laboratory Technology, Institute of Health and Science Technology Wiyata Husada, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Tri Endharti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Poeranto
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Yuni Nur Hidayati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sumarno Reto Prawiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Sato F, Nakamura Y, Katsuki A, Khadka S, Ahmad I, Omura S, Martinez NE, Tsunoda I. Curdlan, a Microbial β-Glucan, Has Contrasting Effects on Autoimmune and Viral Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805302. [PMID: 35198458 PMCID: PMC8859099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Bacterial and fungal infections have been associated with the development of MS; microbial components that are present in several microbes could contribute to MS pathogenesis. Among such components, curdlan is a microbial 1,3-β-glucan that can stimulate dendritic cells, and enhances T helper (Th) 17 responses. We determined whether curdlan administration could affect two animal models for MS: an autoimmune model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and a viral model, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). We induced relapsing-remitting EAE by sensitizing SJL/J mice with the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151 peptide and found that curdlan treatment prior to PLP sensitization converted the clinical course of EAE into hyperacute EAE, in which the mice developed a progressive motor paralysis and died within 2 weeks. Curdlan-treated EAE mice had massive infiltration of T cells and neutrophils in the CNS with higher levels of Th17 and Th1 responses, compared with the control EAE mice. On the other hand, in TMEV-IDD, we found that curdlan treatment reduced the clinical scores and axonal degeneration without changes in inflammation or viral persistence in the CNS. In summary, although curdlan administration exacerbated the autoimmune MS model by enhancing inflammatory demyelination, it suppressed the viral MS model with reduced axonal degeneration. Therefore, microbial infections may play contrasting roles in MS depending on its etiology: autoimmunity versus viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yumina Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoshi Katsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sundar Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Shahgordi S, Oroojalian F, Hashemi E, Hashemi M. Recent advances in development of nano-carriers for immunogene therapy in various complex disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:134-147. [PMID: 35655600 PMCID: PMC9124536 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.59718.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a novel preference for the treatment of various complex diseases. Considering the application of varying agents for suppression or activation of the immune system, immunogene therapy was confirmed to stand as a proper alternative for other immunotherapeutic strategies due to its capability in targeting cells with more specificity that leads to controlling the expression of therapeutic genes. This method facilitates the local and single-dose application of most gene therapies that result in the usage of high therapeutic doses with a low risk of systemic side effects while being cost-efficient in long-term administrations. However, the existing barriers between the administration site and cell nucleus limited the clinical uses of genetic materials. These challenges can be overcome through the promising method of exerting non-carriers with high stability, low toxicity/immunogenicity, and simple modifications. In this study, we attempted to review the potential of nanoparticle application throughout the immunogene therapy of different diseases including cancer, microbial diseases, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and respiratory infections. We included the outline of some challenges and opportunities in regards to the delivery of genetic materials that are based on nano-systems through immunotherapy of these disorders. Next to the promising future of these vectors, more detailed analyses are required to overcome the current limitations in clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Shahgordi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran, Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ezzat Hashemi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Maryam Hashemi. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-31801219;
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Alam MS, Otsuka S, Wong N, Abbasi A, Gaida MM, Fan Y, Meerzaman D, Ashwell JD. TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109972118. [PMID: 34873037 PMCID: PMC8685675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF, produced largely by T and innate immune cells, is potently proinflammatory, as are cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Here, we asked if TNF is upstream of Th skewing toward inflammatory phenotypes. Exposure of mouse CD4+ T cells to TNF and TGF-β generated Th17 cells that express low levels of IL-17 (ROR-γt+IL-17lo) and high levels of inflammatory markers independently of IL-6 and STAT3. This was mediated by the nondeath TNF receptor TNFR2, which also contributed to the generation of inflammatory Th1 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of central nervous system-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) found an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Notably, TNFR2-deficient CD4+ T cells produced fewer inflammatory mediators and were less pathogenic in EAE and colitis. IL-1β, a Th17-skewing cytokine, induced TNF and proinflammatory granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in T cells, which was inhibited by disruption of TNFR2 signaling, demonstrating IL-1β can function indirectly via the production of TNF. Thus, TNF is not just an effector but also an initiator of inflammatory Th differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Shizuka Otsuka
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nathan Wong
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resources, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Yu Fan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Geyer CE, Newling M, Sritharan L, Griffith GR, Chen HJ, Baeten DLP, den Dunnen J. C-Reactive Protein Controls IL-23 Production by Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111638. [PMID: 34769069 PMCID: PMC8583945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein in humans that is produced in high quantities by the liver upon infection and under inflammatory conditions. Although CRP is commonly used as a marker of inflammation, CRP can also directly contribute to inflammation by eliciting pro-inflammatory cytokine production by immune cells. Since CRP is highly elevated in serum under inflammatory conditions, we have studied the CRP-induced cytokine profile of human monocytes, one of the main innate immune cell populations in blood. We identified that CRP is relatively unique in its capacity to induce production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23, which was in stark contrast to a wide panel of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands. We show that CRP-induced IL-23 production was mediated at the level of gene transcription, since CRP particularly promoted gene transcription of IL23A (encoding IL-23p19) instead of IL12A (encoding IL-12p35), while PRR ligands induce the opposite response. Interestingly, when CRP stimulation was combined with PRR ligand stimulation, as for example, occurs in the context of sepsis, IL-23 production by monocytes was strongly reduced. Combined, these data identify CRP as a unique individual ligand to induce IL-23 production by monocytes, which may contribute to shaping systemic immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E. Geyer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Melissa Newling
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lathees Sritharan
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R. Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Dominique L. P. Baeten
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205668043
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Li G, Chen H, Liu L, Xiao P, Xie Y, Geng X, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Lu T, Tan H, Li L, Sun B. Role of Interleukin-17 in Acute Pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674803. [PMID: 34594321 PMCID: PMC8476864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a leading cause of death and is commonly accompanied by systemic manifestations that are generally associated with a poor prognosis. Many cytokines contribute to pancreatic tissue damage and cause systemic injury. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine that may play a vital role in AP. Specifically, IL-17 has important effects on the immune response and causes interactions between different inflammatory mediators in the AP-related microenvironment. In this literature review, we will discuss the existing academic understanding of IL-17 and the impacts of IL-17 in different cells (especially in acinar cells and immune system cells) in AP pathogenesis. The clinical significance and potential mechanisms of IL-17 on AP deterioration are emphasized. The evidence suggests that inhibiting the IL-17 cytokine family could alleviate the pathogenic process of AP, and we highlight therapeutic strategies that directly or indirectly target IL-17 cytokines in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglong Geng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Tan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Ji HJ, Byun EB, Chen F, Ahn KB, Jung HK, Han SH, Lim JH, Won Y, Moon JY, Hur J, Seo HS. Radiation-Inactivated S. gallinarum Vaccine Provides a High Protective Immune Response by Activating Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717556. [PMID: 34484221 PMCID: PMC8415480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is a common pathogen in chickens, and causes an acute systemic disease that leads to high mortality. The live attenuated vaccine 9R is able to successfully protect chickens older than six weeks by activating a robust cell-mediated immune response, but its safety and efficacy in young chickens remains controversial. An inactivated SG vaccine is being used as an alternative, but because of its low cellular immune response, it cannot be used as a replacement for live attenuated 9R vaccine. In this study, we employed gamma irradiation instead of formalin as an inactivation method to increase the efficacy of the inactivated SG vaccine. Humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses were compared in both mouse and chicken models. The radiation-inactivated SG vaccine (r-SG) induced production of significantly higher levels of IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies than the formalin-inactivated vaccine (f-SG), and provided a homogeneous functional antibody response against group D, but not group B Salmonella. Moreover, we found that r-SG vaccination could provide a higher protective immune response than f-SG by inducing higher Th17 activation. These results indicate that r-SG can provide a protective immune response similar to the live attenuated 9R vaccine by activating a higher humoral immunity and a lower, but still protective, cellular immune response. Therefore, we expect that the radiation inactivation method might substitute for the 9R vaccine with little or no side effects in chickens younger than six weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Fengjia Chen
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Jung
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ewha Education & Research Center for Infection, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongkwan Won
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Moon
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Bertol BC, Góes de Araújo JN, de Carvalho KTC, Gonzaga Dos Santos M, Martelli-Palomino G, de Figueiredo Feitosa NL, Maciel LMZ, Silbiger VN, Lucena-Silva N, Freitas JCDOC, Donadi EA. Polymorphisms at the IL17A and IL17RA genes are associated with prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:163-169. [PMID: 34384609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-17A has a dual role in tumor immunity, promotes anti-tumor responses and facilitates angiogenesis by interacting with IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA). Although IL-17A has been associated with the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the nucleotide variability at the IL17A and IL17RA genes is still poorly characterized. AIM To assess the contribution of the IL17A (-197 G >A, rs2275913) and IL17RA (-947 A >G, rs4819554) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the development and progression of PTC and on IL-17 plasma levels. METHODS We studied 188 PTC patients and 170 healthy controls. SNPs were identified using PCR-amplified DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Plasma levels of IL-17A was evaluated in 83 PTC patients using ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between SNPs and clinicohistopathological features of PTC and IL-17A levels. RESULTS No significant difference was observed regarding the allele and genotype distributions of both SNPs between PTC patients and controls. The IL17A GA was associated with poor biochemical and structural incomplete response to therapy, whereas no influence over the IL-17A expression was observed. The IL17RA AG was significantly associated with small-sized tumors, initial tumor stage at diagnosis and better response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS The IL17A SNP may predict an aggressive manifestation of PTC, whereas the IL17RA SNP was associated with a more favorable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cristina Bertol
- Postgraduate Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Martelli-Palomino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Lobo de Figueiredo Feitosa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Maria Zanini Maciel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Norma Lucena-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Janaina Cristiana de Oliveira Crispim Freitas
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Donadi
- Postgraduate Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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Perišić Nanut M, Pawelec G, Kos J. Human CD4+ T-Cell Clone Expansion Leads to the Expression of the Cysteine Peptidase Inhibitor Cystatin F. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8408. [PMID: 34445118 PMCID: PMC8395124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) at relatively high levels under different pathological conditions in vivo suggests their role in protective and/or pathogenic immune functions. CD4+ CTLs utilize the fundamental cytotoxic effector mechanisms also utilized by CD8+ CTLs and natural killer cells. During long-term cultivation, CD4+ T cells were also shown to acquire cytotoxic functions. In this study, CD4+ human T-cell clones derived from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy young adults were examined for the expression of cytotoxic machinery components. Cystatin F is a protein inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, synthesized by CD8+ CTLs and natural killer cells. Cystatin F affects the cytotoxic efficacy of these cells by inhibiting the major progranzyme convertases cathepsins C and H as well as cathepsin L, which is involved in perforin activation. Here, we show that human CD4+ T-cell clones express the cysteine cathepsins that are involved in the activation of granzymes and perforin. CD4+ T-cell clones contained both the inactive, dimeric form as well as the active, monomeric form of cystatin F. As in CD8+ CTLs, cysteine cathepsins C and H were the major targets of cystatin F in CD4+ T-cell clones. Furthermore, CD4+ T-cell clones expressed the active forms of perforin and granzymes A and B. The levels of the cystatin F decreased with time in culture concomitantly with an increase in the activities of granzymes A and B. Therefore, our results suggest that cystatin F plays a role in regulating CD4+ T cell cytotoxicity. Since cystatin F can be secreted and taken up by bystander cells, our results suggest that CD4+ CTLs may also be involved in regulating immune responses through cystatin F secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Perišić Nanut
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15/3.008, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Slimmen LJM, Janssens HM, van Rossum AMC, Unger WWJ. Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Airways: Moderating Asymptomatic Bacterial Carriage. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080945. [PMID: 34451409 PMCID: PMC8400527 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health burden, and the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in mounting an immune response to contain and clear invading pathogens is well-described. However, most encounters between a host and a bacterial pathogen do not result in symptomatic infection, but in asymptomatic carriage instead. The fact that a pathogen will cause infection in one individual, but not in another does not appear to be directly related to bacterial density, but rather depend on qualitative differences in the host response. Understanding the interactions between respiratory pathogens and airway APCs that result in asymptomatic carriage, will provide better insight into the factors that can skew this interaction towards infection. This review will discuss the currently available knowledge on airway APCs in the context of asymptomatic bacterial carriage along the entire respiratory tract. Furthermore, in order to interpret past and futures studies into this topic, we propose a standardized nomenclature of the different stages of carriage and infection, based on the pathogen’s position with regard to the epithelium and the amount of inflammation present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. M. Slimmen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hettie M. Janssens
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemarie M. C. van Rossum
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wendy W. J. Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Fan Y, He W, Han Y, Bao H, Yang R, Wang B, Kong D, Wang H. Persistent deficiency of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells during alcohol-related liver disease. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:148. [PMID: 34321090 PMCID: PMC8320031 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases. Inflammatory response is a basic pathological feature of ALD. Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT) cells are a novel population of innate immune cells, which may be depleted in various inflammatory diseases. However, the changes of MAIT cell in ALD remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, the levels of MAIT cell were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic cirrhosis, and mixed cirrhosis (alcoholic + viral). Furthermore, the reduction of circulating MAIT cells was correlated with liver function in patients with cirrhosis. Functional changes among circulating MAIT cells in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, including increased production of IL-17A and perforin, and reduced production of TNF-α. Plasma cytokine and chemokine levels were quantified using multiple immunoassays and ELISA. Serum levels of chemokine IL-8 were correlated with MAIT cell frequency in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Moreover, no differences were observed in the expression of CCR6, CXCR6, and PD-1 in circulating MAIT cells of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The MAIT cells in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were prone to apoptosis, which was promoted by IL-12, IL-18, and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate persistent MAIT cell loss during alcohol-related liver disease and suggest that MAIT cells can be promising indicator and therapeutic targets in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Huarui Bao
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Derun Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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