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Kim J, Lee D. The Natural Ficus carica L. (fig) Extract as an Effective Prophylactic Antibacterial Agent for Inflammation-Related Infections. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2356. [PMID: 38137957 PMCID: PMC10744453 DOI: 10.3390/life13122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a multidrug-resistance Gram-negative organism responsible for carbapenem-resistant infections. These challenges have inspired studies on the use of natural products as alternatives to conventional drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of Ficus carica L. (fig) branch extracts and to perform in vivo animal experiments to better understand the absorption mechanisms of the antibacterial components during the digestion process after oral administration. The antibacterial components of the fig branch extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An in vivo animal study and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS/MS) analyses were performed to analyze the deacetylation reactions of the fig extracts after oral administration in mice. Ultimately, the antibacterial effects of the fig extracts increased with the fractional distillation time. The fig extracts showed excellent antibacterial effects against K. pneumoniae, as well as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The three antibacterial and antioxidant components of the fig extracts were revealed to be eugenol, acetyleugenol, and psoralen. Interestingly, in this study, we identified acetyleugenol in the phenolic compounds of the fig extract for the first time. Through in vivo animal testing, we observed the deacetylation reaction of acetyleugenol to eugenol in the fig extract as digestion proceeded in the internal organs of the mice after oral administration. The results of this study suggest the use of natural fig extract as an effective therapeutic and prophylactic antibacterial agent for inflammation-related infections with a wide variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Kim
- Department of Bio-Nano System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 53896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Donghwan Lee
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 53896, Republic of Korea
- Hemorheology Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Wong S, Dolzhenko AV, Gegechkori V, Ku H, Tucci J, Morton DW. Evaluation of bioactive compounds from Ficus carica L. leaf extracts via high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with effect-directed analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464241. [PMID: 37541060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compares different solvent systems with the use of spontaneous fermentation on the phytochemical composition of leaf extracts from a locally grown white variety of common fig (Ficus carica Linn.). The aim was to detect and identify bioactive compounds that are responsible for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-amylase and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme inhibition, and compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Bioactive zones in chromatograms were detected by combining High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with enzymatic and biological assays. A new experimental protocol for measuring the relative half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was designed to evaluate the potency of the extracts compared to the potency of known inhibitors. Although the IC50 of the fig leaf extract for α-amylase and AChE inhibition were significantly higher when compared to IC50 for acarbose and donepezil, the COX-1 inhibition by the extract (IC50 = 627 µg) was comparable to that of salicylic acid (IC50 = 557 µg), and antimicrobial activity of the extract (IC50 = 375-511 µg) was similar to ampicillin (IC50 = 495 µg). Four chromatographic zones exhibited bioactivity. Compounds from detected bioactive bands were provisionally identified by comparing the band positions to coeluted standards, and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra from eluted zones. Flash chromatography was used to separate selected extract into fractions and isolate fractions that are rich in bioactive compounds for further characterisation with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The main constituents identified were umbelliferon (zone 1), furocoumarins psoralen and bergapten (zone 2), different fatty acids (zone 3 and 4), and pentacyclic triterpenoids (calotropenyl acetate or lupeol) and stigmasterol (zone 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia.
| | - Sheryn Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Heng Ku
- CSIRO Environment, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - David W Morton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
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Ahmed SI, Jamil S, Ismatullah H, Hussain R, Bibi S, Khandaker MU, Naveed A, Idris AM, Emran TB. A comprehensive perspective of traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal plants as an adjuvant therapy against COVID-19. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103561. [PMID: 36684115 PMCID: PMC9838045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pulmonary disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. More than 200 million individuals are infected by this globally. Pyrexia, coughing, shortness of breath, headaches, diarrhoea, sore throats, and body aches are among the typical symptoms of COVID-19. The virus enters into the host body by interacting with the ACE2 receptor. Despite many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines manufactured by distinct strategies but any evidence-based particular medication to combat COVID-19 is not available yet. However, further research is required to determine the safety and effectiveness profile of the present therapeutic approaches. In this study, we provide a summary of Traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal (TAIM) plants' historical use and their present role as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. Herein, six medicinal plants Aloe barbadensis Miller, Olea europaea, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, Cassia angustifolia, and Ficus carica have been studied based upon their pharmacological activities against viral infections. These plants include phytochemicals that have antiviral, immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, and antitussive properties. These bioactive substances could be employed to control symptoms and enhance the development of a possible COVID-19 medicinal synthesis. To determine whether or if these TAIMs may be used as adjuvant therapy and are appropriate, a detailed evaluation is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan,The Standard College for Girls, 3/530 Paris Road, Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Jamil
- The Standard College for Girls, 3/530 Paris Road, Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ismatullah
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Naveed
- Caribbean Medical University, Willemastad, Curacao-Caribbean Island, Curaçao
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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Industrial Application and Health Prospective of Fig ( Ficus carica) By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030960. [PMID: 36770628 PMCID: PMC9919570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current review was carried out on the industrial application of fig by-products and their role against chronic disorders. Fig is basically belonging to fruit and is botanically called Ficus carica. There are different parts of fig, including the leaves, fruits, seeds and latex. The fig parts are a rich source of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and vitamins. These different parts of fig are used in different food industries such as the bakery, dairy and beverage industries. Fig by-products are used in extract or powder form to value the addition of different food products for the purpose of improving the nutritional value and enhancing the stability. Fig by-products are additive-based products which contain high phytochemicals fatty acids, polyphenols and antioxidants. Due to the high bioactive compounds, these products performed a vital role against various diseases including cancer, diabetes, constipation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Concussively, fig-based food products may be important for human beings and produce healthy food.
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Hajam TA, H S. Phytochemistry, biological activities, industrial and traditional uses of fig (Ficus carica): A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Morovati MR, Ghanbari-Movahed M, Barton EM, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. A systematic review on potential anticancer activities of Ficus carica L. with focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154333. [PMID: 35952577 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many substances derived from nutritional or medicinal plants have been studied for their chemopreventive and antineoplastic properties. Among those studied, Ficus carica has shown to have a significant ability to inhibit tumor formation and development of cancer cells through modulating various signaling mechanisms and interaction including a large number of cell signaling molecules. PURPOSE The goal of this study is to provide a critical and complete evaluation of F. carica's anticancer capacity in various malignancies, as well as related molecular targets. METHODS Research was conducted electronically on scholarly scientific databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus. Published papers were analyzed and investigated using the keywords, Ficus carica, figs, cancer, malignancies and tumor based on established selection criteria. In this systematic review, 27 individual studies were considered. RESULTS Treatment with F. carica alone or in combination with other medications was linked to anticancer activity with significant evidence. Furthermore, F. carica has been shown to use multitargeted pathways to prevent cancer initiation and development by modulating numerous dysregulated signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, autophagy inflammatory processes, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that F. carica and its phytochemicals have the potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Nonetheless, additional mechanistic studies with pure compounds derived from F. carica and well-designed clinical trials are needed to advance our knowledge to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Morovati
- Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4193833697, Iran
| | - Emily M Barton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Bhatti MA, Gilani SJ, Shah AA, Channa IA, Almani KF, Chandio AD, Halepoto IA, Tahira A, Bin Jumah MN, Ibupoto ZH. Effective Removal of Methylene Blue by Surface Alteration of TiO 2 with Ficus Carica Leaf Extract under Visible Light. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162766. [PMID: 36014631 PMCID: PMC9416792 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the use of a leaf extract from Ficus carica as a source of natural antioxidants for the surface alteration of bulk titanium dioxide (TiO2) in two steps. First, the hydro-thermal treatment of the bulk TiO2 material was carried out and followed by thermal annealing at 300 °C for 3 h in air. The role of the leaf extract of Ficus carica on the performance of the bulk TiO2 material for the removal of methylene blue (MB) was also studied. Various analytical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to explore the crystalline structure, morphology, and composition. The bulk TiO2 material after the leaf-extract treatment exhibited mixed anatase and rutile phases, a flower-like morphology, and Ti, O, and C were its main elements. The average crystallite size was also calculated, and the obtained values for the bulk TiO2 material, 18.11 nm, and the treated bulk TiO2 material with various amounts, 5, 10, and 15 mL, of leaf extract were 16.4, 13.16, and 10.29 nm respectively. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy validated the typical metal-oxygen bonds and strengthened the XRD results. The bulk TiO2 material chemically treated with Ficus carica has shown outstanding activity towards the degradation of MB under sunlight. The 15 mL of Ficus carica extract significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the bulk TiO2 material towards the degradation of MB. The dye degradation efficiency was found to be 98.8%, which was experimentally proven by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopoyy (FTIR) analysis. The obtained performance of the bulk TiO2 material with Ficus carica revealed excellent surface modifying properties for poorly-performing photocatalysts towards the degradation of synthetic dyes when used in their pristine form. The presented approach suggests that Ficus carica could be of great interest for tuning the surface properties of materials, either in the form of nano-size or bulk-phase in a particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Bhatti
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Thin Film and Wet Chemistry Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed Channa
- Thin Film and Wet Chemistry Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Faryal Almani
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ali Dad Chandio
- Thin Film and Wet Chemistry Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali Halepoto
- Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - May Nasser Bin Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Society for Applied Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Fig “Ficus carica L.” and its by-products: A decade evidence of their health-promoting benefits towards the development of novel food formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Anti-parasitic activity of the Olea europaea and Ficus carica on Leishmania major: new insight into the anti-leishmanial agents. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang Z, Song M, Wang Z, Chen S, Ma H. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis of flavor components and flavonoid biosynthesis in fig female flower tissues (Ficus carica L.) after bagging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:396. [PMID: 34433422 PMCID: PMC8386004 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bagging can improve the appearance of fruits and increase the food safety and commodification, it also has effects on intrinsic quality of the fruits, which was commonly reported negative changes. Fig can be regarded as a new model fruit with its relatively small genome size and long fruit season. RESULTS In this study, widely targeted metabolomics based on HPLC MS/MS and RNA-seq of the fruit tissue of the 'Zibao' fig before and after bagging were analyzed to reveal the metabolites changes of the edible part of figs and the underneath gene expression network changes. A total of 771 metabolites were identified in the metabolome analysis using fig female flower tissue. Of these, 88 metabolites (including one carbohydrate, eight organic acids, seven amino acids, and two vitamins) showed significant differences in fruit tissue before and after bagging. Changes in 16 structural genes, 13 MYB transcription factors, and endogenous hormone (ABA, IAA, and GA) metabolism and signal transduction-related genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids after bagging were analyzed by transcriptome analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis also determined significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in female flower tissue before and after bagging. CONCLUSIONS This work provided comprehensive information on the composition and abundance of metabolites in the female flower tissue of fig. The results showed that the differences in flavor components of the fruit before and after bagging could be explained by changes in the composition and abundance of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the effects of bagging on changes in the intrinsic and appearance quality of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224 P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
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Hssaini L, Ouaabou R, Razouk R, Charafi J, Hanine H, Houmanat K, Ennahli S, Lahlali R. ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with the Invitro Antioxidant Activity and Chromaticity for Rapid Discrimination of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zidi K, Kati DE, Bachir-bey M, Genva M, Fauconnier ML. Comparative Study of Fig Volatile Compounds Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Effects of Cultivars and Ripening Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667809. [PMID: 34276728 PMCID: PMC8283200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is one of the essential parameters that determine fruit quality. It is also an important feature of varietal characterization and so valuable for agro-biodiversity identification and preservation. In order to characterize changes in the aroma fingerprint through fig development, the main objective of the present research was to study the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of figs (Ficus carica L.) from three cultivars, Taamriwthe (TH), Azegzaw (AZ), and Averkane (AV), at three ripening stages (unripe, ripe, and fully ripe). Analyses was performed using Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results revealed the presence of 29 compounds that were grouped into different chemical classes. Aldehydes comprised the most abundant VOCs identified in all the studied figs, while alcohols, ketones, and terpenes comprised the minor compounds found in TH, AZ, and AV figs, respectively. Different aroma descriptors were identified throughout the ripening stages of figs; fruity and green aromas were dominant in all cultivars, while a fatty aroma scarcely occurred in figs. A gallery plot representation demonstrated that certain VOCs differentiate the studied cultivars and the different ripening stages of figs. Principal component analysis findings demonstrated characteristic VOCs of distinct ripening stages and cultivars, those VOCs can be used as fingerprints to distinguish different cultivars and/or ripening stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Zidi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Djamel Edine Kati
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Mostapha Bachir-bey
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Manon Genva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Biomediated synthesis, characterization, and biological applications of nickel oxide nanoparticles derived from Toona ciliata, Ficus carica and Pinus roxburghii. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1461-1476. [PMID: 33818638 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomediated ecofriendly method for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using plants extracts (Toona ciliata, Ficus carica and Pinus roxburghii) has been reported. The nanoparticles so obtained were characterized by various techniques such as ultraviolet-visible, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Formation of nickel oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction where the former technique ascertains the formation of bond between nickel and oxygen. The nickel oxide nanoparticles were found to be crystalline cubic face centered and show intense photoluminescence emission at 416, 414 and 413 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied against gram positive and gram negative bacterial species by agar well diffusion method. The nickel oxide nanoparticles show better activity against some bacterial strains with reference to the standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. The anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma of nanomaterials obtained from Pinus roxburghii was found to be greater than that derived from Toona ciliata and Ficus carica using the standard drug Albendazole. This method takes the advantage of the sustainable and economic approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Mahmoudi S, Barrocas Dias C, Manhita A, Boutoumi H, Charif R. Formulation of goat's milk yogurt with fig powder: Aromatic profile, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 27:712-725. [PMID: 33412945 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220983961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fig (Ficus carica L.) is an excellent source of sugars, dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, organic acids and phytochemicals. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of fig powder supplement, as a natural sweetener and flavoring agent, on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of goat's milk yogurt. It aimed also to determine antioxidant capacity and volatile profile using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) was also used for the characterization of fig powder. Fig powder exhibited an important antioxidant activity against DPPH. Radical (IC50 = 1.92 ± 0.05 mg per mL). Volatile compounds, from several classes (acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, triterpenoids and others) were identified in fig powder. Py-GC/MS data revealed that degradation of fig powder macromolecules leaded to the formation of several aromatic and volatile compounds such as fatty acids, ketones, aromatic phenols, lactones among others. The addition of fig powder increased significantly (p < 0.05) the titrable acidity, the total solids, the carbohydrate content, and the total lactic acid bacteria count of yogurts. Likewise, fig powder supplement improved yogurt taste, texture and aroma and covered the unpleasant flavor of goat's milk. Thus, fig powder is a natural sweetener and flavoring agent that can be used to formulate a new stirred goat's yogurt of good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhila Mahmoudi
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Msila, Algeria
| | | | - Ana Manhita
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Hocine Boutoumi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Blida, Algeria
| | - Rahma Charif
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Msila, Algeria
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15
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Shahinuzzaman M, Yaakob Z, Anuar FH, Akhtar P, Kadir NHA, Hasan AKM, Sobayel K, Nour M, Sindi H, Amin N, Sopian K, Akhtaruzzaman M. In vitro antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. latex from 18 different cultivars. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10852. [PMID: 32616768 PMCID: PMC7331616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As synthetic antioxidants that are widely used in foods are known to cause detrimental health effects, studies on natural additives as potential antioxidants are becoming increasingly important. In this work, the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of Ficus carica Linn latex from 18 cultivars were investigated. The TPC of latex was calculated using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used for antioxidant activity assessment. The bioactive compounds from F. carica latex were extracted via maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with 75% ethanol as solvent. Under the same extraction conditions, the latex of cultivar ‘White Genoa’ showed the highest antioxidant activity of 65.91% ± 1.73% and 61.07% ± 1.65% in DPPH, 98.96% ± 1.06% and 83.04% ± 2.16% in ABTS, and 27.08 ± 0.34 and 24.94 ± 0.84 mg TE/g latex in FRAP assay via maceration and UAE, respectively. The TPC of ‘White Genoa’ was 315.26 ± 6.14 and 298.52 ± 9.20 µg GAE/mL via the two extraction methods, respectively. The overall results of this work showed that F. carica latex is a potential natural source of antioxidants. This finding is useful for further advancements in the fields of food supplements, food additives and drug synthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahinuzzaman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zahira Yaakob
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Hannan Anuar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Parul Akhtar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N H A Kadir
- School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - A K Mahmud Hasan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Sobayel
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Majid Nour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Sindi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nowshad Amin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Sopian
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Akhtaruzzaman
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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16
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Lu T, Shen Y, Cui GX, Yin FW, Yu ZL, Zhou DY. Detailed Analysis of Lipids in Edible Viscera and Muscles of Cooked Crabs Portunus trituberculatus and Portunus pelagicus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1741753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Fa-Wen Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Liang Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, PR China
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17
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Modeling on respiration kinetics and modified atmospheric packaging of fig fruit. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Shen Y, Xie HK, Liu ZY, Lu T, Yu ZL, Zhang LH, Zhou DY, Wang T. Characterization of glycerophospholipid molecular species in muscles from three species of cephalopods by direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 226:104848. [PMID: 31705861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More than 200 molecular species of glycerophospholipids (GP) including glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), glycerophosphoserine (GPS), lysoglycerophosphocholine (LGPC), lysoglycerophosphoethanolamine (LGPE) and lysoglycerophosphoserine (LGPS), as well as 18 kinds of sphingomyelin (SM) were characterized by using a direct infusion-tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry method for lipids from the muscles of cephalopods Sepiella maindroni, Octopus ocellatus and Loligo chinensis for the first time. The majority of the GP molecular species contained long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Therefore, cephalopods can be a good possible source of dietary GP carrying n-3 LC-PUFA. The total lipids were composed of phospholipid (PL, 72.29-83.32 wt% of total lipids), cholesterol (12.70-23.60 wt% of total lipids), triacylglycerol (1.86-2.93 wt% of total lipids), diacylglycerol (0.15-1.09 wt% of total lipids), monoacylglycerol (0.06-0.18 wt% of total lipids) and free fatty acid (0.72-1.86 wt% of total lipids). For PL, phosphatidylcholine (44.47-62.30 mol%), phosphatidylethanolamine (22.57-39.08 mol%), phosphatidylserine (6.15-10.18 mol%), phosphatidylglycerol (0.68-3.11 mol%), phosphatidylinositol (2.41-7.15 mol%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (1.84-5.24 mol%) were detected. Furthermore, the total lipids from the muscles of cephalopods Sepiella maindroni, Octopus ocellatus and Loligo chinensis contained 41.80-50.02 mol% of saturated fatty acids, 11.53-21.54 mol% of monounsaturated fatty acids and 36.67-40.82 mol% of PUFA, whilst DHA (15.25-26.71 mol%) and EPA (6.29-16.57 mol%) were found to account for the majority of the PUFA. With these data presented, cephalopod muscle can be considered as a healthy food for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Hong-Kai Xie
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, 116034, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Liang Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
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19
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Tan S, Niu Y, Liu L, Su A, Hu C, Meng Y. Development of a GC–MS/SIM method for the determination of phytosteryl esters. Food Chem 2019; 281:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Jahromi M, Niakousari M. Development and characterisation of a sugar-free milk-based dessert formulation with fig (Ficus carica
L.) and carboxymethylcellulose. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Jahromi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; School of Agriculture; Shiraz University; 71441-65186 Shiraz Iran
| | - Mehrdad Niakousari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; School of Agriculture; Shiraz University; 71441-65186 Shiraz Iran
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21
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Prophetic medicine as potential functional food elements in the intervention of cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:614-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Fernandes F, Andrade PB, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A, Sousa-Pinto I, Valentão P. The chemical composition on fingerprint of Glandora diffusa and its biological properties. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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23
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Ramos-Bueno RP, Romero-González R, González-Fernández MJ, Guil-Guerrero JL. Phytochemical composition and in vitro anti-tumour activities of selected tomato varieties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:488-496. [PMID: 27060896 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicated that tomato is a rich source of phytochemicals that act on different tumours. In this research, the phytochemical composition of selected tomato varieties was assessed by GLC and UHPLC/HPLC-MS, as well as their anti-tumour activities on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS Significant differences were found among tomato varieties; lycopene was high in Racimo, phenolics in Pera, sterols in Cherry, and linoleic acid predominated in all varieties. The MTT and LDH assays showed significant time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory/cytotoxic effects of all tomato varieties on HT-29 cells. Furthermore, the joint addition of tomato carotenoids and olive oil to HT-29 cell cultures induced inhibitory effects significantly higher than those obtained from each of them acting separately, while no actions were exercised in CCD-18 normal cells. CONCLUSION Tomato fruits constitute a healthy source of phytochemicals, although differences exist among varieties. In vitro, all of them inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation with Racimo variety at the top, and exercising a selective action on cancer cells by considering the lack of effects on CCD-18 cells. Furthermore, synergy was observed between olive oil and tomato carotenoids in inhibiting HT-29 cancer cell proliferation; conversely, phenolics showed no significant effects and hindered carotenoids actions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca P Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04071, Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04071, Almeria, Spain
| | - María J González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04071, Almería, Spain
| | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04071, Almería, Spain
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24
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Maghsoudlou E, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R, Raftani Amiri Z. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Fig (Ficus carica) Pulp and Skin Extract and Its Application in Enhancing Oxidative Stability of Canola Oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Maghsoudlou
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU); Khazar Abad Road, P.O. Box 578 Sari, Mazandaran Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU); Khazar Abad Road, P.O. Box 578 Sari, Mazandaran Iran
| | - Zeinab Raftani Amiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU); Khazar Abad Road, P.O. Box 578 Sari, Mazandaran Iran
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25
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la Torre Fabiola VD, Ralf K, Gabriel B, Victor Ermilo AA, Martha MG, Mirbella CF, Rocio BA. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Critonia aromatisans leaves: Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:174-182. [PMID: 27282666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Critonia aromatisans (Asteraceae), commonly known as "Chiople", is a cultivated species that is used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat inflammation, joint pain and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of aqueous and organic extracts prepared from Critonia aromatisans leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, hexanic, and aqueous extracts were obtained from the leaves of C. aromatisans. The anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were tested in vivo to evaluate their ability to reduce the inflammatory response in the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in NIH mice. In addition, to explore the immunomodulatory effects of C. aromatisans, in vitro testing was performed to determine whether C. aromatisans leaf extracts are capable of decreasing macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) without affecting macrophage viability. RESULTS Single orally administered doses (100mg/kg or 200mg/kg) of a hexanic extract of C. aromatisans leaves significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (P<0.001) by 76% and 84%, respectively. The effect of the extract in this model was generally comparable to those of the standard drugs used. In the in vitro determination, the extracts reduced the amount of NO mainly at 500 and 1000μg/mL. Hexanic extract and subfractions C, D, E, and F at 50 and 100μg/mL produced the lowest concentration of mediators in culture supernatants (protein) and at the mRNA/gene level by the significant down-regulation of cytokines. These findings explain some of the anti-inflammatory activity of this species. Purification of fractions C and D allowed the complete identification of cyclocolorenone, stigmasterol and stigmasterol derivatives as some of their main components. CONCLUSION A hexanic extract of C. aromatisans displayed anti-inflammatory effects, validating the traditional practice of Mayan communities wherein an ointment with a petrolatum base, a non-polar substance, is used to treat inflammation. Additionally, C. aromatisans showed strong in vivo and in vitro activity, and one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory response was shown to be inhibition of the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results of this study provide a pharmacological basis for the use of C. aromatisans leaves in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The presence of stigmasterol and cyclocolorenone could be the responsibles of the anti-inflammatory activity of this specie. Further studies should be done on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cyclocolorenone. The results of this study provide a pharmacological basis for the use of C. aromatisans leaves in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villa-De la Torre Fabiola
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Kinscherf Ralf
- Institute of Anatomy, Philipps Marburg University, Robert Koch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Bonaterra Gabriel
- Institute of Anatomy, Philipps Marburg University, Robert Koch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Arana-Argaez Victor Ermilo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Méndez-González Martha
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Cáceres-Farfán Mirbella
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Borges-Argáez Rocio
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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26
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Ramos-Bueno RP, Rincón-Cervera MA, González-Fernández MJ, Guil-Guerrero JL. Phytochemical Composition and Antitumor Activities of New Salad Greens: Rucola (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) and Corn Salad (Valerianella locusta). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:197-203. [PMID: 27143140 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
D. tenuifolia and V. locusta, two greens, were analyzed for active compounds and antitumor actions on colorectal cancer cells. Phenolics were determined by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS; carotenoids and glucosinolates by HPLC-MS; and sterols and fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). For antitumor effects, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests were run on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, and in CCD-18 untransformed enterocyte cells. Six main carotenoids were identified in both vegetables, while total carotenoids accounted for 3520 and 2970 μg · g(-1) dry weight in D. tenuifolia and V. locusta, respectively. Six phenolics were detected in D. tenuifolia (68,600 μg · g(-1) dry weight) and five in V. locusta (139,000 μg · g(-1) dry weight). Three glucosinolates (GSL) were found in D. tenuifolia (1960 μg · g(-1) dry wt. total). Low-polarity extracts from V. locusta and D. tenuifolia showed IC50 ~ 150 and ~200 μg · mL(-1) on HT-29 cells, while both plants lacked actions on CCD-18 cells. V. locusta inhibited HT-29 cancer cells viability more efficiently than D. tenuiofolia, but induced less cytotoxicity. This work highlights the importance of functional foods for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - M A Rincón-Cervera
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Soltana H, Tekaya M, Amri Z, El-Gharbi S, Nakbi A, Harzallah A, Mechri B, Hammami M. Characterization of fig achenes’ oil of Ficus carica grown in Tunisia. Food Chem 2016; 196:1125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Application of Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Five Phenolic Compounds from Fig (Ficus carica L.) for HPLC-UV. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH, Mahajan RT. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus carica: a review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1487-1503. [PMID: 25017517 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.892515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ficus carica Linn (Moraceae) has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used in gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infection. OBJECTIVE This review gathers the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Ficus carica. It also explores the therapeutic potential of Ficus carica in the field of ethnophytopharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the available information on Ficus carica was compiled from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Ethnobotany, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and library search. RESULTS Worldwide ethnomedical uses of Ficus carica have been recorded which have been used traditionally for more than 40 types of disorders. Phytochemical research has led to the isolation of primary as well as secondary metabolites, plant pigment, and enzymes (protease, oxidase, and amylase). Fresh plant materials, crude extracts, and isolated components of Ficus carica have shown a wide spectrum of biological (pharmacological) activities. CONCLUSION Ficus carica has emerged as a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as anemia, cancer, diabetes, leprosy, liver diseases, paralysis, skin diseases, and ulcers. It is a promising candidate in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamkant B Badgujar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR) Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
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30
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Yin FW, Liu XY, Fan XR, Zhou DY, Xu WS, Zhu BW, Murata YY. Extrusion of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal and its effect on oil extraction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Wen Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Xiao-Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Xin-Ru Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Wen-Si Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Yoshi-Yuki Murata
- Department of Biological Resources Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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31
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Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R. Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2179-2186. [PMID: 24338976 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica (fig) cultivars Dottato, Citrullara, and San Francesco. RESULTS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of fig extracts identified terpenes, sterols and fatty acids as major constituents. The aroma profile of honey obtained from a mixture of the three cultivars was investigated by solid-phase micro-extraction/GC-MS. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone were the main compounds. Total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content are also reported. The San Francesco cultivar is characterised by the highest phenol and flavonoid content, while Dottato showed the major anthocyanin content. The Dottato cultivar exhibited the best radical scavenging activity against both 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 values of 5.4 and 22.6 µg mL(-1) , respectively). This cultivar also showed the highest inhibitory activity against both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 26.9 and 31.8 µg mL(-1) , respectively. CONCLUSION Dried figs are a convenient source of bioactive compounds that demonstrated potential neuroprotection and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the addition of figs to the human diet should be recommended by dieticians and nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende, (CS), Italy
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Barolo MI, Ruiz Mostacero N, López SN. Ficus carica L. (Moraceae): an ancient source of food and health. Food Chem 2014; 164:119-27. [PMID: 24996314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since early in the man history, common fig was appreciated as food and for its medicinal properties. This review explores some aspects about the importance of Ficus carica L., an amazing and ancient source of medicines and food. Topics regarding chemistry, biological activity, ethno-pharmacological uses, and its nutritional value are discussed, as well as the potential of the species as a source of new and different chemical scaffolds. Very important in the past, appreciated in our time and extremely promising in the future, F. carica represents an interesting example of healthy foods and bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa I Barolo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nathalie Ruiz Mostacero
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvia N López
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina.
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Marrelli M, Statti GA, Tundis R, Menichini F, Conforti F. Fatty acids, coumarins and polyphenolic compounds ofFicus caricaL. cv. Dottato: variation of bioactive compounds and biological activity of aerial parts. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:271-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.841689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li DM, Zhou DY, Zhu BW, Chi YL, Sun LM, Dong XP, Qin L, Qiao WZ, Murata Y. Effects of krill oil intake on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2669-2675. [PMID: 23505070 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, whole krill oil (WKO) and phospholipid-type krill oil (PKO) with different lipid composition were prepared. The effects of KO intake on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels in Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) were investigated. RESULTS WKO contained 37.63% triglycerides, 48.37% phospholipids, 13.54% free fatty acids and 0.66% cholesterol, whereas the corresponding values for PKO were 0.59, 69.80, 28.53 and 1.09% respectively. Meanwhile, PKO contained much more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 37.76%) than WKO (28.36%). After 4 weeks of HCD consumption, plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose increased significantly, but that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly. The intake of PKO and WKO for 4 weeks caused a significant reduction in body weight gain and plasma levels of TC and LDL-C in HCD-fed rats. Compared with WKO, PKO was more effective in decreasing plasma TC and LDL-C levels. CONCLUSION PKO showed better overall cholesterol-lowering effects than WKO, which may be due to its higher n-3 PUFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Precious Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian, 116034, China
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Zhao X, Shen J, Chang KJ, Kim SH. Analysis of fatty acids and phytosterols in ethanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera seeds and rhizomes by GC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6841-6847. [PMID: 23742045 DOI: 10.1021/jf401710h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid and phytosterol contents in ethanol extracts of lotus seeds and rhizomes. These ethanol extracts were extracted with hexane. The hexane extracts were hydrolyzed in a microwave reactor, and total fatty acids and phytosterols were analyzed. The hexane extracts were also subjected to silica gel column chromatography. Nonpolar components (triglycerides and steryl-fatty acid esters) were hydrolyzed, and then the contents were analyzed. Polar components (diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, and phytosterols) were analyzed directly. Seeds contained higher concentrations of fatty acids and phytosterols compared to rhizomes. Linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid were the main fatty acid components in seeds and rhizomes, and most of them in seeds were in the ester form. In seeds, phytosterols existed mainly in the free form rather than in steryl-fatty acid ester form. β-Sitosterol was the most abundant phytosterol in seeds and rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Stong RA, Kolodny E, Kelsey RG, González-Hernández MP, Vivanco JM, Manter DK. Effect of Plant Sterols and Tannins on Phytophthora ramorum Growth and Sporulation. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:733-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Characterization of Ficus carica L. cultivars by DNA and secondary metabolite analysis: Is genetic diversity reflected in the chemical composition? Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Red ginseng marc oil inhibits iNOS and COX-2 via NFκB and p38 pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Molecules 2012; 17:13769-86. [PMID: 23174895 PMCID: PMC6268309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171213769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of red ginseng marc oil (RMO) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. RMO was prepared by a supercritical CO2 extraction of waste product generated after hot water extraction of red ginseng. RMO significantly inhibited the production of oxidative stress molecules such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Levels of inflammatory targets including prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were also reduced after the treatment with RMO. In addition, RMO diminished the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Blockade of nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) was also observed after the treatment of RMO. Furthermore, RMO decreased the phosphorylations of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and its upstream kinases including MAPK kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and TAK 1 (TGF-β activated kinase 1). Gas chromatographic analysis on RMO revealed that RMO contained about 10% phytosterols including sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of RMO. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of RMO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages could be associated with the inhibition of NFκB transcriptional activity, possibly via blocking the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Conforti F, Menichini G, Zanfini L, Tundis R, Statti GA, Provenzano E, Menichini F, Somma F, Alfano C. Evaluation of phototoxic potential of aerial components of the fig tree against human melanoma. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:279-85. [PMID: 22469077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, Ficus carica L. cultivar Dottato (F. carica) has not been studied from a phototoxic point of view. In the present work, aerial components of F. carica from Italy, were examined to assess their antioxidant and phototoxic activity on human melanoma cells. A relationship between antioxidant, phototoxic activities and chemical composition has also been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coumarin and fatty acid content in F. carica leaves, bark and woody parts were examined and compared by capillary GC and GC/MS. Polyphenolic content was also determined. Linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH test were used to assess antioxidant activities, and MTT assay was used to evaluate anti-proliferative activity, on C32 human melanoma cells, after irradiation with a UVA dose of 1.08 J/cm(2). RESULTS Leaves demonstrated the best antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity in comparison to bark and wood. In particular, leaves were shown to possess the highest anti-radical activity and inhibition of peroxidation, with IC(50) values of 64 and 1.48 μg/ml respectively. The leaves had highest anti-proliferative activity with IC(50) value of 3.92 μg/ml. The phytochemical investigation revealed different composition between the coumarins, psoralen and bergapten, fatty acids, polyphenols and flavonoid content among plant parts. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained indicate that this type of fig tree may constitute an excellent source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, coumarins and fatty acids. This study offers a new perspective in developing others formulations potentially useful in photodynamic therapy for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
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Effects of Ficus carica paste on constipation induced by a high-protein feed and movement restriction in beagles. Lab Anim Res 2011; 27:275-81. [PMID: 22232635 PMCID: PMC3251757 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common functional digestive complaints worldwide. We investigated the laxative effects of figs (Ficus carica L) in a beagle model of constipation induced by high protein diet and movement restriction. The experiments were consecutively conducted over 9 weeks divided into 3 periods of 3 weeks each. All 15 beagles were subjected to a non-treatment (control) period, a constipation induction period, and a fig paste treatment period. We administered fig paste (12 g/kg daily, by gavage) for 3 weeks following a 3-week period of constipation induction in dogs. Segmental colonic transit time (CTT) was measured by counting radiopaque markers (Kolomark) using a radiograph performed every 6 h after feeding Kolomark capsules, until capsules were no longer observed. Fig paste significantly increased fecal quantity in constipated dogs, and segmental CTT was also reduced following fig paste administration. There were no significant differences in feed intake, water intake, body weight, or blood test results, between the constipation and fig paste administration periods. Our results demonstrate that fig is an effective treatment for constipation in beagles. Specifically, stool weight increased and segmental CTT decreased. Fig pastes may be useful as a complementary medicine in humans suffering from chronic constipation.
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Lee HY, Kim JH, Jeung HW, Lee CU, Kim DS, Li B, Lee GH, Sung MS, Ha KC, Back HI, Kim SY, Park SH, Oh MR, Kim MG, Jeon JY, Im YJ, Hwang MH, So BO, Shin SJ, Yoo WH, Kim HR, Chae HJ, Chae SW. Effects of Ficus carica paste on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:895-902. [PMID: 22178225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. This study examined the effects of fig (Ficus carica L.) paste for the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. METHODS Animals were divided into one normal control group and four experimental groups (0, 1, 6, and 30 g/kg). Loperamide (2 mg/kg, twice per day) was injected intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the four experimental groups. Fig paste was administered for 4 weeks to assess its anti-constipation effects. RESULTS Fecal pellet number, weight and water content were increased in the fig-treated groups as compared to the control group. Reductions in body weight and increased intestinal transit length were observed in the fig-treated groups. Fecal pellet number was reduced in the distal colons of the fig-treated rats. Exercise and ileum tension increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. According to histological analyses, the thickness of the distal colon and areas of crypt epithelial cells that produce mucin were increased in the fig-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Constipation was decreased when fig fruit was fed to rats. Specifically, fecal number, weight, and water content, as well as histological parameters such as thickness and mucin areas in the distal colon were improved. Fig treatment may be a useful therapeutic and preventive strategy for chronic constipation.
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ZHOU DAYONG, TONG LEI, ZHU BEIWEI, WU HAITAO, QIN LEI, TAN HUI, MURATA YOSHIYUKI. EXTRACTION OF LIPID FROM ABALONE (HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI INO) GONAD BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE AND ENZYME-ASSISTED ORGANIC SOLVENT METHODS. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ribechini E, Pérez-Arantegui J, Colombini MP. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the chemical characterisation of modern and archaeological figs (Ficus carica). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3915-22. [PMID: 21570079 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after alkaline hydrolysis, solvent extraction and trimethylsilylation, and analytical pyrolysis using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for in situ derivatisation followed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis (Pyrolysis-silylation-GC/MS) were used to investigate the hydrolysable and soluble constituents, and the polymerised macromolecules of an archaeological fig (Ficus carica) recovered in Zaragoza (Spain), as well as of modern figs. The main aim was to study the compositional alterations undergone by the fig tissues in a particular archaeological environment: the fig was in a vessel and covered by a layer of a mixture of orpiment and gypsum. A comparison between the GC/MS results from modern and archaeological figs revealed that degradative reactions took place, leading to the disappearance/depletion of reactive (unsaturated fatty acids) and sensitive compounds (phytosterols and triterpenes). Py-silylation-GC/MS data provided evidence of a significant degradation of the saccharide and lipid components of the fig tissue, which left a residue enriched in polyphenols and polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Singab ANB, Ayoub NA, Ali EN, Mostafa NM. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Egyptian moraceous plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:1255-1264. [PMID: 20839909 DOI: 10.3109/13880201003730659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in modern medicine, a large number of medicinal preparations are recommended for treatment of liver disorders. OBJECTIVE The antioxidant, hepatoprotective and kidney protective activities of methanol extracts of Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) leaves and fruits and Morus alba Linn. root barks (Moraceae) are evaluated here. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver and kidney damage were induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride in a subcutaneous dose of 1 mL (40% v/v in corn oil)/kg. The extract was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50 mg/kg (F. carica leaf and M. alba root bark) and 150 mg/kg (F. carica fruit). The activity of the extracts was comparable to that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring blood glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde equivalent (MDA). Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein. These biochemical observations were supported by histopathological examination of liver sections. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring plasma urea and creatinine. RESULTS Methanol extracts of Ficus carica and Morus alba showed potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities; in-depth chromatographic investigation of the most active extract (Ficus carica leaf extract) resulted in identification of umbelliferone, caffeic acid, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the phenolic constituents of Ficus carica leaf and Morus alba root bark are responsible at least in part for the observed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
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Oliveira AP, Silva LR, Andrade PB, Valentão P, Silva BM, Gonçalves RF, Pereira JA, Guedes de Pinho P. Further insight into the latex metabolite profile of Ficus carica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10855-10863. [PMID: 20923221 DOI: 10.1021/jf1031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Latex is a sticky emulsion that exudes upon damage from specialized canals from several plants. It contains several biologically active compounds, such as phytosterols, fatty acids, and amino acids. In plants, these compounds are involved in the interaction between plants, insects, and the environment. Despite its chemical, biological, and ecological importance, Ficus carica latex is still poorly studied. To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of this matrix, a targeted metabolite analysis was performed in a representative sample from F. carica latex. Seven phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), with β-sitosterol and lupeol being the compounds present in higher concentrations (ca. 54 and 14%, respectively). A total of 18 fatty acids were characterized by GC-ITMS, being essentially represented by saturated fatty acids (ca. 86.4% of total fatty acids). A total of 13 free amino acids were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (HPLC/UV-vis), and cysteine and tyrosine were the major ones (ca. 38.7 and 31.4%, respectively). In humans, phytosterols and some polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, are known for their anticarcinogenic properties. With regard to amino acids, some of them, such as glycine, are neurotransmitters. Our results reveal the presence of a wide diversity of compounds, from distinct classes, in F. carica latex, possessing various potential pharmacological activities; thus, its biological potential appears to be worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal
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Zhou DY, Zhu BW, Tong L, Wu HT, Qin L, Tan H, Chi YL, Qu JY, Murata Y. Original article: Extraction of lipid from scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) viscera by enzyme-assisted solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide methods. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marler TE, Shaw CA. Distribution of free and glycosylated sterols within Cycas micronesica plants. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2010; 123:537. [PMID: 20157629 PMCID: PMC2821053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flour derived from Cycas micronesica seeds was once the dominant source of starch for Guam's residents. Cycad consumption has been linked to high incidence of human neurodegenerative diseases. We determined the distribution of the sterols stigmasterol and β-sitosterol and their derived glucosides stigmasterol β-d-glucoside and β-sitosterol β-d-glucoside among various plant parts because they have been identified in cycad flour and have been shown to elicit neurodegenerative outcomes. All four compounds were common in seeds, sporophylls, pollen, leaves, stems, and roots. Roots contained the greatest concentration of both free sterols, and photosynthetic leaflet tissue contained the greatest concentration of both steryl glucosides. Concentration within the three stem tissue categories was low compared to other organs. Reproductive sporophyll tissue contained free sterols similar to seeds, but greater concentration of steryl glucosides than seeds. One of the glucosides was absent from pollen. Concentration in young seeds was higher than old seeds as reported earlier, but concentration did not differ among age categories of leaf, sporophyll, or vascular tissue. The profile differences among the various tissues within these organs may help clarify the physiological role of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Marler
- CNAS-Western Pacific Tropical Research Center, University of Guam, UOG Station, University Drive, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
| | - Christopher A. Shaw
- University of British Columbia, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Science, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Extraction of lipid from sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) gonad by enzyme-assisted aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide methods. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oliveira AP, Valentão P, Pereira JA, Silva BM, Tavares F, Andrade PB. Ficus carica L.: Metabolic and biological screening. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2841-6. [PMID: 19747518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ficus carica L. is one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees. In this work, metabolite profiling was performed on the leaves, pulps and peels of two Portuguese white varieties of F. carica (Pingo de Mel and Branca Tradicional). Phenolics and organic acids profiles were determined by HPLC/DAD and HPLC/UV, respectively. All samples presented a similar phenolic profile composed by 3-O- and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, psoralen and bergapten. 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucoside are described for the first time in this species. Leaves' organic acids profile presented oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, shikimic and fumaric acids, while in pulps and peels quinic acid was absent. The antioxidant potential of the different plant parts was checked. All materials exhibited activity against DPPH and nitric oxide radicals in a concentration-dependent way. However, only the leaves presented capacity to scavenge superoxide radical. Leaves were always the most effective part, which seems to be related with phenolics compounds. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity was evaluated, but no effect was observed. Antimicrobial potential was also assessed against several bacterial species, although no activity was noticed. This is the first study comparing the chemical composition and biological potential of F. carica pulps, peels and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/Department of Pharmacognosy, Porto University, R. Aníbal Cunha 164, Porto 4050-047, Portugal
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