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Wang C, Cai X, Lin S, Lin Y. Hydroxychloroquine ameliorates immune functionality and intestinal flora disorders of IgA nephropathy by inhibition of C1GALT1/Cosmc pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:218-228. [PMID: 38151955 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has emerged as a potential and secure antiproteinuric agent in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This study endeavored to explore the impact of HCQ on the immune functionality and intestinal flora disorders in IgAN rats, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS IgAN model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats through the administration of BSA, LPS, and CCl4, and the IgAN rats received a continuous 8-week treatment with HCQ. Moreover, the human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) were incubated with IgA1 to establish an in vitro cellular model of IgAN. At the end of experimental period, samples were collected for further analysis. RESULTS HCQ ameliorated the elevated levels of 24hUTP, SCr, BUN, the number of urinary RBC, and the activation of inflammation-related proteins within the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In the IgAN rat group, there was a pronounced escalation in IgA deposition, mesangial matrix hyperplasia, and glomerular inflammatory cell infiltration, while the administration of HCQ effectively mitigated these pathological changes. In addition, the reduced production of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in the IgAN group was effectively reversed by HCQ. Furthermore, HCQ has the capacity to restore the compromised state of the intestinal mucosal barrier induced by IgAN and mitigate the circumstances of intestinal permeability and disruption in the intestinal flora. CONCLUSION HCQ diminishes IgA aberrant glycosylation levels, ameliorates renal and intestinal histopathological damage, and attenuates intestinal flora disorders and immune dysfunction in IgAN rats by means of activating the C1GALT1/Cosmc pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengfen Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
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Shi Y, Shi X, Zhao M, Ma S, Zhang Y. Pharmacological potential of Astragali Radix for the treatment of kidney diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155196. [PMID: 37952410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, the incidence of kidney diseases is also increasing, resulting in a serious public burden. Conventional treatments for kidney diseases have unsatisfactory effects and are associated with adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicines have good curative effects and advantages over conventional treatments for preventing and treating kidney diseases. Astragali Radix is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used to treat kidney diseases. PURPOSE To review the potential applications and molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects of Astragali Radix and its components and to provide direction and reference for new therapeutic strategies and future research and development of Astragali Radix. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using keywords, including "Astragali Radix," "Astragalus," "Astragaloside IV" (AS-IV), "Astragali Radix polysaccharide" (APS), and "kidney diseases." Reports on the effects of Astragali Radix and its components on kidney diseases were identified and reviewed. RESULTS The main components of Astragali Radix with kidney-protective properties include AS-IV, APS, calycosin, formononetin, and hederagenin. Astragali Radix and its active components have potential pharmacological effects for the treatment of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal damage, chronic glomerulonephritis, and kidney stones. The pharmacological effects of Astragali Radix are manifested through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Astragali Radix is a promising drug candidate for treating kidney diseases. However, current research is limited to animal and cell studies, underscoring the need for further verifications using high-quality clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Lee M, Suzuki H, Ogiwara K, Aoki R, Kato R, Nakayama M, Fukao Y, Nihei Y, Kano T, Makita Y, Muto M, Yamada K, Suzuki Y. The nucleotide-sensing Toll-Like Receptor 9/Toll-Like Receptor 7 system is a potential therapeutic target for IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 2023; 104:943-955. [PMID: 37648155 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The progression determinants of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are still not fully elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that the mucosal activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which senses microbial unmethylated CpG DNA, influences progression by producing aberrantly glycosylated IgA. However, numerous recent reports of patients with IgAN presenting with gross hematuria after the mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 suggest that the RNA-sensing system also exacerbates IgAN. Here, we investigated whether TLR7, which recognizes microbial RNA, is also involved in IgAN progression using a murine model and tonsil tissue from 53 patients with IgAN compared to samples from 40 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 12 patients with sleep apnea syndrome as controls. We nasally administered imiquimod, the ligand of TLR7, to IgAN-prone ddY mice and found that TLR7 stimulation elevated the serum levels of aberrantly glycosylated IgA and induced glomerular IgA depositions and proteinuria. Co-administered hydroxychloroquine, which inhibits TLRs, canceled the kidney injuries. In vitro, stimulating splenocytes from ddY mice with imiquimod increased interleukin-6 and aberrantly glycosylated IgA levels. The expression of TLR7 in the tonsils was elevated in patients with IgAN and positively correlated with that of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) involved in the production of aberrantly glycosylated IgA. Mechanistically, TLR7 stimulation enhanced the synthesis of aberrantly glycosylated IgA through the modulation of enzymes involved in the glycosylation of IgA. Thus, our findings suggest that nucleotide-sensing TLR9 and TLR7 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Hence, nucleotide-sensing TLRs could be reasonably strong candidates for disease-specific therapeutic targets in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kei Ogiwara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Aoki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukao
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nihei
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kano
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Makita
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muto
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zeng Q, Wang WR, Li YH, Liang Y, Wang XH, Yan L, Yu RH. Diagnostic and prognostic value of galactose-deficient IgA1 in patients with IgA nephropathy: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209394. [PMID: 37671165 PMCID: PMC10475574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is a critical effector molecule in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), a leading renal disease without noninvasive assessment options. This updated systematic review aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of Gd-IgA1 assessment in biological fluids in patients with IgAN. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed in this review. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP Information/China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WANFANG for studies published between database inception and January 31, 2023. Eligible studies that evaluated aberrant IgA1 glycosylation in IgAN patients relative to controls were identified, and random effects meta-analyses were used to compare Gd-IgA1 levels in different groups. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022375246). Findings Of the 2727 records identified, 50 were eligible and had available data. The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was 7.1 (range, 6-8). Data synthesis suggested that IgAN patients had higher levels of blood and/or urine Gd-IgA1 compared with healthy controls (standard mean difference [SMD]=1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.19-1.68, P<0.00001), IgA vasculitis patients (SMD=0.58, 95% CI=0.22-0.94, P=0.002), and other kidney disease patients (SMD=1.06, 95% CI=0.79-1.33, P<0.00001). Moreover, patients with IgAN had similar levels of serum Gd-IgA1 compared to first-degree relatives (SMD=0.38, 95% CI= -0.04-0.81, P=0.08) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis patients (SMD=0.12, 95% CI= -0.04-0.29, P=0.14). In addition, ten studies demonstrated significant differences in serum Gd-IgA1 levels in patients with mild and severe IgAN (SMD= -0.37, 95% CI= -0.64--0.09, P=0.009). Conclusions High serum and urine Gd-IgA1 levels suggest a diagnosis of IgAN and a poor prognosis for patients with this immunological disorder. Future studies should use more reliable and reproducible methods to determine Gd-IgA1 levels. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022375246, identifier CRD42022375246.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Ren-Huan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Erger F, Aryal RP, Reusch B, Matsumoto Y, Meyer R, Zeng J, Knopp C, Noel M, Muerner L, Wenzel A, Kohl S, Tschernoster N, Rappl G, Rouvet I, Schröder-Braunstein J, Seibert FS, Thiele H, Häusler MG, Weber LT, Büttner-Herold M, Elbracht M, Cummings SF, Altmüller J, Habbig S, Cummings RD, Beck BB. Germline C1GALT1C1 mutation causes a multisystem chaperonopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211087120. [PMID: 37216524 PMCID: PMC10235935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211087120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding molecular chaperones can lead to chaperonopathies, but none have so far been identified causing congenital disorders of glycosylation. Here we identified two maternal half-brothers with a novel chaperonopathy, causing impaired protein O-glycosylation. The patients have a decreased activity of T-synthase (C1GALT1), an enzyme that exclusively synthesizes the T-antigen, a ubiquitous O-glycan core structure and precursor for all extended O-glycans. The T-synthase function is dependent on its specific molecular chaperone Cosmc, which is encoded by X-chromosomal C1GALT1C1. Both patients carry the hemizygous variant c.59C>A (p.Ala20Asp; A20D-Cosmc) in C1GALT1C1. They exhibit developmental delay, immunodeficiency, short stature, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI) resembling atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Their heterozygous mother and maternal grandmother show an attenuated phenotype with skewed X-inactivation in blood. AKI in the male patients proved fully responsive to treatment with the complement inhibitor Eculizumab. This germline variant occurs within the transmembrane domain of Cosmc, resulting in dramatically reduced expression of the Cosmc protein. Although A20D-Cosmc is functional, its decreased expression, though in a cell or tissue-specific manner, causes a large reduction of T-synthase protein and activity, which accordingly leads to expression of varied amounts of pathological Tn-antigen (GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr/Tyr) on multiple glycoproteins. Transient transfection of patient lymphoblastoid cells with wild-type C1GALT1C1 partially rescued the T-synthase and glycosylation defect. Interestingly, all four affected individuals have high levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 in sera. These results demonstrate that the A20D-Cosmc mutation defines a novel O-glycan chaperonopathy and causes the altered O-glycosylation status in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Erger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Rajindra P. Aryal
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Björn Reusch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Robert Meyer
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080Guangzhou, China
| | - Cordula Knopp
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Maxence Noel
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Lukas Muerner
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Wenzel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Kohl
- Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolai Tschernoster
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire and CBC BioTec Biobank, Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69229Lyon, France
| | | | - Felix S. Seibert
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44625Herne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin G. Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Lutz T. Weber
- Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra F. Cummings
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Genomics, 10178Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Habbig
- Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Bodo B. Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
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Akgul SU, Cinar CK, Caliskan Y, Demir E, Cebeci E, Meral R, Temurhan S, Ozluk Y, Aydin F, Oguz FS. COSMC expression as a predictor of remission in IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1033-1044. [PMID: 36306048 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of core 1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperon (COSMC) gene expression and methylation profile on clinical progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance and the relation of the COSMC gene expression and methylation pattern with the progression of IgAN. METHODS Thirty-nine biopsy-confirmed IgAN patients, 11 healthy relatives and 20 healthy controls were recruited. The COSMC mRNA levels and methylation profile of COSMC gene promoter were measured using the quantitative real-time PCR. The galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) levels were measured using ELISA in serum and cell culture supernatant. The effect of IL-4 and AZA on COSMC expression and methylation and the correlation of COSMC gene expression and methylation levels with baseline kidney function tests, histology and long-term outcomes were examined. RESULTS The mean COSMC mRNA level was significantly lower, and serum Gd-IgA1 level was higher in IgAN patients compared with the control groups (p < 0.001, and p = < 0.001, respectively). The COSMC mRNA levels were correlated with intensity of hematuria (r = - 0.41, p = 0.009), serum creatinine level (r = - 0.37, p = 0.002) and eGFR (r = 0.36, p = 0.002). The COSMC methylation levels were correlated with age (r = 0.25, p = 0.04) and baseline eGFR (r = - 0.326, p = 0.006). Twenty IgAN patients (51.3%) reached to complete (5, 12.8%) or partial remission (15, 38.5%) after a median of 34.5 months (IQR, 13.75-71). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, COSMC mRNA expression (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.871, 95% CI 1.287-2.722, p = 0.001) and Oxford T score (aHR 0.355, 95% CI 0.146-0.859, p = 0.022) predicted the remission. CONCLUSION COSMC mRNA level is a novel biomarker candidate to predict the remission in IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Usta Akgul
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Transplant Immunology Research Center of Excellence, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Kekik Cinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa/Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Nephrology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erol Demir
- Division of Nephrology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Egemen Cebeci
- Department of Nephrology, Health Sciences University, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rasimcan Meral
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sonay Temurhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozluk
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Aydin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Demiroglu Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Savran Oguz
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Han P, Yu Y, Zhang L, Ruan Z. Citrus peel ameliorates mucus barrier damage in HFD-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109206. [PMID: 36370925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel is rich in bioactive components, especially polyphenols, which are considered to have great potential in the prevention of intestinal diseases. The intestinal mucus barrier is the first defense against the invasion of foreign substances. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility and mechanism of citrus peel in alleviating the mucus barrier damage in high-fat-diet (HFD) mice. We found that citrus peel powder (CPP) supplementation effectively reduced body weight, fat weight, intestinal permeability, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice. In particular, CPP increased the number of goblet cells, the protein expression of Mucin-2 (Muc2), and the thickness of the mucus layer, thereby strengthening the colonic mucus barrier function. Moreover, CPP supplementation also reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) proteins (GRP78 and CHOP) and increased the expression of T-synthase (O-glycosylation rate-limiting enzyme) and its chaperone protein (Cosmc) in the colon of HFD-fed mice, which suggested that CPP could improve the abnormal protein folding and O-glycosylation of Muc2 during processing and modification. In summary, our study indicates that CPP plays an effective role in relieving mucus barrier damage by improving the production and properties of Muc2, providing new perspectives on the development of CPP as a dietary supplement for strengthening the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Yujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China.
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
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8
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Xiang T, Qiao M, Xie J, Li Z, Xie H. Emerging Roles of the Unique Molecular Chaperone Cosmc in the Regulation of Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121732. [PMID: 36551160 PMCID: PMC9775496 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The core-1 β1-3galactosyltransferase-specific chaperone 1 (Cosmc) is a unique molecular chaperone of core-1 β1-3galactosyltransferase(C1GALT1), which typically functions inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cosmc helps C1GALT1 to fold correctly and maintain activity. It also participates in the synthesis of the T antigen, O-glycan, together with C1GALT1. Cosmc is a multifaceted molecule with a wide range of roles and functions. It involves platelet production and the regulation of immune cell function. Besides that, the loss of function of Cosmc also facilitates the development of several diseases, such as inflammation diseases, immune-mediated diseases, and cancer. It suggests that Cosmc is a critical control point in diseases and that it should be regarded as a potential target for oncotherapy. It is essential to fully comprehend Cosmc's roles, as they may provide critical information about its involvement in disease development and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the role of Cosmc in normal development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor cellular Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Heng yang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Muchuan Qiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor cellular Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Heng yang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Jiangbo Xie
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Hailong Xie
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor cellular Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Heng yang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (H.X.)
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Matsumoto Y, Aryal RP, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Park SS, Wever WJ, Lehoux S, Stavenhagen K, van Wijk JAE, Van Die I, Chapman AB, Chaikof EL, Cummings RD. Identification and characterization of circulating immune complexes in IgA nephropathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8783. [PMID: 36306365 PMCID: PMC9616497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The underlying pathology of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN), the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide, is driven by the deposition of immune complexes containing galactose-deficient IgA1 [Tn(+)IgA1] in the glomerular mesangium. Here, we report that novel anti-Tn circulating immune complexes (anti-Tn CICs) contain predominantly IgM, representing large macromolecular complexes of ~1.2 megadaltons to several megadalton sizes together with Tn(+)IgA1 and some IgG. These complexes are significantly elevated in sera of patients with IgAN, which contains higher levels of complement C3, compared to healthy individuals. Anti-Tn CICs are bioactive and induce specific proliferation of human renal mesangial cells. We found that these anti-Tn CICs can be dissociated with small glycomimetic compounds, which mimic the Tn antigen of Tn(+)IgA1, releasing IgA1 from anti-Tn CICs. This glycomimetic compound can also significantly inhibit the proliferative activity of anti-Tn CICs of patients with IgAN. These findings could enhance both the diagnosis of IgAN and its treatment, as specific drug treatments are now unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajindra P. Aryal
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon S. Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter J. Wever
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna A. E. van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irma Van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arlene B. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy: Current Understanding and Implications for Development of Disease-Specific Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194501. [PMID: 34640530 PMCID: PMC8509647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy, initially described in 1968 as a kidney disease with glomerular “intercapillary deposits of IgA-IgG”, has no disease-specific treatment and is a common cause of kidney failure. Clinical observations and laboratory analyses suggest that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune disease wherein the kidneys are damaged as innocent bystanders due to deposition of IgA1-IgG immune complexes from the circulation. A multi-hit hypothesis for the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy describes four sequential steps in disease development. Specifically, patients with IgA nephropathy have elevated circulating levels of IgA1 with some O-glycans deficient in galactose (galactose-deficient IgA1) and these IgA1 glycoforms are recognized as autoantigens by unique IgG autoantibodies, resulting in formation of circulating immune complexes, some of which deposit in glomeruli and activate mesangial cells to induce kidney injury. This proposed mechanism is supported by observations that (i) glomerular immunodeposits in patients with IgA nephropathy are enriched for galactose-deficient IgA1 glycoforms and the corresponding IgG autoantibodies; (ii) circulatory levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 and IgG autoantibodies predict disease progression; and (iii) pathogenic potential of galactose-deficient IgA1 and IgG autoantibodies was demonstrated in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the structure–function of these immunoglobulins as autoantibodies and autoantigens will enable development of disease-specific treatments.
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11
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Zhong Z, Shi D, Xiao M, Fu D, Feng S, Kong Q, Li J, Li Z. Expression profile of Fc receptor-like molecules in patients with IgA nephropathy. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:186-192. [PMID: 33597097 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules were considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of FCRLs in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at investigating the expression levels of FCRLs molecules in IgAN patients and determining its relevance to disease activity. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of FCRLs were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 42 IgAN patients and 48 healthy controls by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). FCRLs proteins expression in B cells of 25 IgAN patients, 14 patients with non-IgAN glomerulonephritis, and 29 healthy controls were detected by Flow cytometry. The Spearman correlation test was used to assess the correlation of FCRLs expression with clinical parameters of IgAN patients. RESULTS Our results indicated significant down-regulation of FCRL2 and FCRL3 mRNA levels in IgAN patients compared to healthy subjects. Surface protein expression of FCRLs molecules confirmed the qRT-PCR results. But FCRL2 and FCRL3 protein levels did not correlate with clinicopathologic phenotypes of IgAN patients. However, we found a significant positively correlation of FCRL2 and FCRL3 mRNA expression with the core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) and its molecular chaperone (Cosmc) mRNA levels in IgAN patients. CONCLUSIONS FCRL2 and FCRL3 expression levels in IgAN patients are significantly decreased and correlated with CIGALT1 and Cosmc mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dianchun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dongying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shaozhen Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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12
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Zheng N, Xie K, Ye H, Dong Y, Wang B, Luo N, Fan J, Tan J, Chen W, Yu X. TLR7 in B cells promotes renal inflammation and Gd-IgA1 synthesis in IgA nephropathy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136965. [PMID: 32699192 PMCID: PMC7453916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR7 has been linked to the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, but its precise roles are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of TLR7 in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). TLR7 proteins were abundant in CD19+ B cells infiltrated in the kidneys of patients with IgAN. The intensities of both intrarenal TLR7 and CD19 proteins were closely associated with kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and serum creatinine concentration) and renal histopathology (tubular atrophy, leukocyte infiltration, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and global glomerulosclerosis) in patients with IgAN. Meanwhile, TLR7 mRNA levels were significantly increased in peripheral blood B cells of patients with IgAN. TLR7+CD19+ B cells expressed inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) in kidneys and produced high levels of IgA1 and galactose deficient-IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in peripheral blood of patients with IgAN. Mechanistically, TLR7 activated B cells to produce high levels of Gd-IgA1 via the TLR7-GALNT2 axis in IgAN. Protein levels of GALNT2 were increased by overexpression of TLR7, while they were reduced by TLR7 knockdown in B cells. GALNT2 overexpression augmented Gd-IgA1 production in B cells derived from patients with IgAN. Taken together, high TLR7 expression in B cells has dual roles in the development and progression of IgAN, by facilitating renal inflammation and Gd-IgA1 antibody synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD19/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Female
- Galactose/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/blood
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/genetics
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/blood
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/blood
- Young Adult
- Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoyan Zheng
- Translational Medical Center and
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Xie
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjian Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Guangzhou International Travel Health Care Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
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Xing Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang F, He D, Liu Y, Jia J, Yan T, Lin S. C1GALT1 expression is associated with galactosylation of IgA1 in peripheral B lymphocyte in immunoglobulin a nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:18. [PMID: 31941451 PMCID: PMC6964072 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More and more studies demonstrated that genetic variation at C1GALT1 influences Gd-IgA1 level in IgAN. However, whether the expression of β1, 3-galactosyltransferase (β1, 3Gal-T) was influenced may provide insights into how Gd-IgA1 levels are controlled in IgAN. Methods Thirty IgAN patients diagnosed in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from April to September 2018 and 30 healthy volunteers whose age and gender matched with patients were enrolled in this study. Total Gd-IgA1 levels in plasma were determined by ELISA and C1GALT1 levels were determined by RT-PCR. Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang Medical Network) were searched to identify eligible studies that evaluated a difference in the expression of C1GALT1 in IgAN patients compared with total controls (non-IgAN and health controls). The C1GALT1C1 expression levels, which was indispensable to β1, 3Gal-T of IgA1, was also been compared. Results Gd-IgA1 levels were remarkable higher in IgAN patients compared with healthy control. The expression levels of C1GALT1 gene were remarkably down-regulated in IgAN patients compared with healthy control. And the mRNA level of C1GALT1 was inversely correlated to Gd-IgA1 levels. In meta-analysis, six articles including 316 participants that analyzed the expression of β1, 3Gal-T were met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the expression of C1GALT1 between IgAN patients compared with controls. And we found patients with IgAN had lower levels of C1GALT1 gene expression in the B cells compared to controls. The C1GALT1C1 levels in the IgAN patients were not different from the levels in the control group, which were unchanged no matter according to different ethnic population, different control group and different cell source. Two studies including 46 persons compared enzymatic activity of β1, 3Gal-T in B cells, and the result showed the β1, 3Gal-T activity was decreased in B cells. Conclusions We found expression levels of C1GALT1 were remarkably downregulated in IgAN patients and negatively correlated with higher levels of Gd-IgA1. Subsequent meta-analysis validated the low expression and activity of β1, 3Gal-T in B cells in patients with IgAN. However, there was no apparent disparity in the aspect of C1GALT1C1 expression between IgAN and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xing
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Fanghao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Youxia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China.
| | - Junya Jia
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Tiekun Yan
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Anshan road, Heping district, Tianjin, 154, NO, China
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Xia M, Chen G, Liu D, Tang X, Liu Y, Wu L, Liu Y, Liu H. Association analysis of DNA methyltransferases in IgA nephropathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106147. [PMID: 31931367 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation, especially DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases through regulating immune function. This study aimed to explore the potential role of DNMTs in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We evaluated mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B along with β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and measured galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) levels in plasma. The expression intensity of DNMT1 and DNMT3B in the renal specimen of IgAN patients were also detected. Results showed DNMT3B, not DNMT1 or DNMT3A, was notably increased in IgAN patients compared to controls and associated with pathologic types. However, DNMT1 and C1GALT1 were found positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and negatively correlated with 24 h Urine protein in IgAN patients. No association was found between DNMT1 and Gd-IgA1. The expressions of DNMT3B and DNMT1 were barely observed in IgAN renal biopsy specimens. In conclusion, for the first time, we identified the relations of DNMTs and C1GALT1 to the clinical state and pathology of IgAN patients, which provide new clues for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yexin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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15
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Liu Y, Zheng J, Jia J, Li H, Hu S, Lin Y, Yan T. Changes E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 gene mRNA expression correlated with IgA1 glycosylation in patients with IgA nephropathy. Ren Fail 2019; 41:370-376. [PMID: 31057023 PMCID: PMC6508078 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1605295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent genomewide association study suggested that the top single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs978056, in HECW1 gene (which encodes HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) associated with the levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, HECW1 expression in IgAN has not yet been examined. Methods: In the following study, we have enrolled 40 patients with IgAN and 40 healthy controls. The expression level of HECW1, as well as plasma levels of Gd-IgA1 and IgA1, were determined detected. Results: IgAN patients presented with significantly elevated Gd-IgA1 and IgA1 levels compared with those of the healthy controls (p < .001 and p = .03, respectively). We further divided the patients into two groups according to the median level of HECW1 (0.58). We found the levels of Gd-IgA1 and IgA1 were significantly higher in low HECW1 level group compared with those in high HECW1 level group (p = .02 and p = .04, respectively). And HECW1 mRNA expression had a significant inverse correlation with Gd-IgA1 levels in IgAN patients (r= −0.34, p = .03). It seemed that the risk genotype (rs978056 GG) was associated with reduced HECW1 expression in 80 Han Chinese from Beijing, although the difference was not significant (p = .09). No significant association with clinical and pathological manifestations was observed between patients with high and low levels of HECW1. Conclusion: We reported for the first time that HECW1 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with Gd-IgA1 levels. Our study points to a new regulatory mechanism of IgAN that can explain the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxia Liu
- a Department of Nephrology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- b Radiology Department , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Junya Jia
- a Department of Nephrology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Hongfen Li
- a Department of Nephrology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Shuiyi Hu
- a Department of Nephrology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Yujia Lin
- a Department of Nephrology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Tiekun Yan
- a Department of Nephrology , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , PR China
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16
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Cummings RD. "Stuck on sugars - how carbohydrates regulate cell adhesion, recognition, and signaling". Glycoconj J 2019; 36:241-257. [PMID: 31267247 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the fundamental biological processes by which complex carbohydrates expressed on cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids and in secretions of cells promote cell adhesion and signaling. We have also explored processes by which animal pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites adhere to glycans of animal cells and initiate disease. Glycans important in cell signaling and adhesion, such as key O-glycans, are essential for proper animal development and cellular differentiation, but they are also involved in many pathogenic processes, including inflammation, tumorigenesis and metastasis, and microbial and parasitic pathogenesis. The overall hypothesis guiding these studies is that glycoconjugates are recognized and bound by a growing class of proteins called glycan-binding proteins (GBPs or lectins) expressed by all types of cells. There is an incredible variety and diversity of GBPs in animal cells involved in binding N- and O-glycans, glycosphingolipids, and proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycans. We have specifically studied such molecular determinants recognized by selectins, galectins, and many other C-type lectins, involved in leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation in human tissues, lymphocyte trafficking, adhesion of human viruses to human cells, structure and immunogenicity of glycoproteins on the surfaces of human parasites. We have also explored the molecular basis of glycoconjugate biosynthesis by exploring the enzymes and molecular chaperones required for correct protein glycosylation. From these studies opportunities for translational biology have arisen, involving production of function-blocking antibodies, anti-glycan specific antibodies, and synthetic glycoconjugates, e.g. glycosulfopeptides, that specifically are recognized by GBPs. This invited short review is based in part on my presentation for the IGO Award 2019 given by the International Glycoconjugate Organization in Milan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Monteiro RC. Recent advances in the physiopathology of IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Ther 2018; 14 Suppl 1:S1-S8. [PMID: 29606255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy or Berger's disease is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by IgA1-containing immune-deposits in the glomerular mesangium. Microscopic haematuria and proteinuria are the most common presentations. Mesangial cell proliferation with IgA deposition is found on renal biopsy. Mechanims of the disease implicate at least four key molecules have been implicated in immune complex formation: galactose-deficient IgA1, autoantibodies anti-galactose-deficient-IgA1, soluble CD89 (Fc receptor for IgA) and the CD71 mesangial IgA receptor (transferrin receptor). These factors associated with environmental factors (antigens, food and microbiota) are correlated with disease progression and recurrence after transplantation. This review exploits recent data on the role of these molecular players of the disease, which may improve future therapeutic management of immunoglobulin A nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Monteiro
- Inserm U1149 centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; CNRS ERL8252, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'excellence Inflamex, faculté de médecine Bichat, université Paris-Diderot, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Service d'immunologie, DHU Fire, hôpital Bichat, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France.
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Yamada K, Huang ZQ, Raska M, Reily C, Anderson JC, Suzuki H, Ueda H, Moldoveanu Z, Kiryluk K, Suzuki Y, Wyatt RJ, Tomino Y, Gharavi AG, Weinmann A, Julian BA, Willey CD, Novak J. Inhibition of STAT3 Signaling Reduces IgA1 Autoantigen Production in IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 2:1194-1207. [PMID: 29270528 PMCID: PMC5733772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction IgA nephropathy is a chronic renal disease characterized by mesangial immunodeposits that contain autoantigen, which is aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 with some hinge-region O-glycans deficient in galactose. Macroscopic hematuria during an upper respiratory tract infection is common among patients with IgA nephropathy, which suggests a connection between inflammation and disease activity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in IgA immune response. We previously showed that IL-6 selectively increases production of galactose-deficient IgA1 in IgA1-secreting cells from patients with IgA nephropathy. Methods We characterized IL-6 signaling pathways involved in the overproduction of galactose-deficient IgA1. To understand molecular mechanisms, IL-6 signaling was analyzed by kinomic activity profiling and Western blotting, followed by confirmation assays using siRNA knock-down and small-molecule inhibitors. Results STAT3 was differentially activated by IL-6 in IgA1-secreting cells from patients with IgA nephropathy compared with those from healthy control subjects. Specifically, IL-6 induced enhanced and prolonged phosphorylation of STAT3 in the cells from patients with IgA nephropathy, which resulted in overproduction of galactose-deficient IgA1. This IL-6−mediated overproduction of galactose-deficient IgA1 could be blocked by small molecule inhibitors of JAK/STAT signaling. Discussion Our results revealed that IL-6−induced aberrant activation of STAT3-mediated overproduction of galactose-deficient IgA1. STAT3 signaling pathway may thus represent a new target for disease-specific therapy of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhi-Qiang Huang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joshua C. Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ueda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert J. Wyatt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Corporation Showakai, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Amy Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bruce A. Julian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Correspondence: Jan Novak, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19 Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham845 19 Street South, BBRB 761ABirminghamAlabama35294USA
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GWAS for serum galactose-deficient IgA1 implicates critical genes of the O-glycosylation pathway. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006609. [PMID: 28187132 PMCID: PMC5328405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant O-glycosylation of serum immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) represents a heritable pathogenic defect in IgA nephropathy, the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide, but specific genetic factors involved in its determination are not known. We performed a quantitative GWAS for serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in 2,633 subjects of European and East Asian ancestry and discovered two genome-wide significant loci, in C1GALT1 (rs13226913, P = 3.2 x 10−11) and C1GALT1C1 (rs5910940, P = 2.7 x 10−8). These genes encode molecular partners essential for enzymatic O-glycosylation of IgA1. We demonstrated that these two loci explain approximately 7% of variability in circulating Gd-IgA1 in Europeans, but only 2% in East Asians. Notably, the Gd-IgA1-increasing allele of rs13226913 is common in Europeans, but rare in East Asians. Moreover, rs13226913 represents a strong cis-eQTL for C1GALT1 that encodes the key enzyme responsible for the transfer of galactose to O-linked glycans on IgA1. By in vitro siRNA knock-down studies, we confirmed that mRNA levels of both C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1 determine the rate of secretion of Gd-IgA1 in IgA1-producing cells. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic regulation of O-glycosylation and are relevant not only to IgA nephropathy, but also to other complex traits associated with O-glycosylation defects, including inflammatory bowel disease, hematologic disease, and cancer. O-glycosylation is a common type of post-translational modification of proteins; specific abnormalities in the mechanism of O-glycosylation have been implicated in cancer, inflammatory and blood diseases. However, the molecular basis of abnormal O-glycosylation in these complex disorders is not known. We studied the genetic basis of defective O-glycosylation of serum immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), that represents the key pathogenic defect in IgA nephropathy, the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. We report our results of the first genome-wide association study for this trait using serum assays in 2,633 individuals of European and East-Asian ancestry. In our genome scan, we observed two significant signals with large effects, on chromosomes 7p21.3 and Xq24, jointly explaining about 7% of trait variability. These signals implicate two genes that encode molecular partners essential for enzymatic O-glycosylation of IgA1 and mucins, and represent potential new targets for therapy.
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Xiao J, Wang M, Xiong D, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhou J, Chen Q. TGF-β1 mimics the effect of IL-4 on the glycosylation of IgA1 by downregulating core 1 β1, 3-galactosyltransferase and Cosmc. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:969-974. [PMID: 28035353 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) on the glycosylation of IgA1 and the associated mechanism. The mRNA levels of core1 β1, 3-galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc, were analyzed, as was the subsequent O-glycosylation of IgA1, in a human B‑cell line stimulated with TGF‑β1. The IgA1‑positive human B‑cell line was cultured with different concentrations of recombinant human TGF‑β1 (5, 10, 15 and 30 ng/ml). The production and glycosylation of IgA1 were assayed using sandwich ELISA and enzyme‑linked lectin binding assays, respectively, and the mRNA levels of C1GalT1 and Cosmc were quantified using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that the production of IgA1 was stimulated by low concentrations of TGF‑β1 (5 or 10 ng/ml) and was suppressed by high concentrations (15 or 30 ng/ml). The terminal glycosylation of secreted IgA1 was altered in response to TGF‑β1. TGF‑β1 stimulation significantly decreased the mRNA levels of C1GalT1 and Cosmc. TGF‑β1 may be key in controlling the glycosylation of IgA1, in part via the downregulation of C1GalT1 and Cosmc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Manting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Xiong
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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MicroRNA-155-induced T lymphocyte subgroup drifting in IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:353-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Zhu TT, Wang L, Wang HL, He Y, Ma X, Fan JM. Helicobacter pylori participates in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1398-1404. [PMID: 27764998 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1216713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences have shown that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a pathogen closely related to extra-gastric disorders. Our previous in vitro studies had demonstrated that Hp infection, at least via cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA), might play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) by stimulating proliferation and ectopic synthesis of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 of B cells. However, the relevant clinical evidence of IgAN resulted from Hp infection remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the risk incidence of IgAN caused by Hp infection. 22 primary IgAN, 20 non-IgA nephropathy (n-IgAN), and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. We found that the rate of IgG anti-Hp seropositivity was significantly improved in IgAN, but the current Hp infection was similar in all groups. The production and underglycosylation of IgA1 tended to increase in IgAN patients with IgG anti-Hp seropositivity. A tendency toward increased the risk of clinical prognosis was seen in IgAN with Hp infection. Hp antigen and CagA were only deposited in renal tubules, and enhanced antigen deposition in response to Hp was observed in IgAN. Our study suggested that Hp infection might have a pathogenic role in IgAN through giving rise to strongly mucosal immune response, and based on damage of renal tubular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- a The Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China.,b Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Li Wang
- a The Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Hong-Lian Wang
- a The Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Yu He
- a The Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China.,b Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Xin Ma
- a The Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China.,b Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Jun-Ming Fan
- a The Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China.,b Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Human Disease , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a pathophysiology view. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:757-70. [PMID: 27351940 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM IgA nephropathy is one of the leading causes of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and an important etiology of renal disease in young adults. IgA nephropathy is considered an immune complex-mediated disease. METHODS This review article summarizes recent evidence on the pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. RESULTS Current studies indicate an ordered sequence of multi-hits as fundamental to disease occurrence. Altered glycan structures in the hinge region of the heavy chains of IgA1 molecules act as auto-antigens, potentially triggering the production of glycan-specific autoantibodies. Recognition of novel epitopes by IgA and IgG antibodies leads to the formation of immune complexes galactose deficient-IgA1/anti-glycan IgG or IgA. Immune complexes of IgA combined with FcαRI/CD89 have also been implicated in disease exacerbation. These nephritogenic immune complexes are formed in the circulation and deposited in renal mesangium. Deposited immune complexes ultimately induce glomerular injury, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, secretion of chemokines and the resultant migration of macrophages into the kidney. The TfR1/CD71 receptor has a pivotal role in mesangial cells. New signaling intracellular mechanisms have also been described. CONCLUSION The knowledge of the whole pathophysiology of this disease could provide the rational bases for developing novel approaches for diagnosis, for monitoring disease activity, and for disease-specific treatment.
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24
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Molecular Insights into the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:762-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Mukhadi S, Hull R, Mbita Z, Dlamini Z. The Role of MicroRNAs in Kidney Disease. Noncoding RNA 2015; 1:192-221. [PMID: 29861424 PMCID: PMC5932548 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna1030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate pathophysiological processes that suppress gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs. These biomolecules can be used to study gene regulation and protein expression, which will allow better understanding of many biological processes such as cell cycle progression and apoptosis that control the fate of cells. Several pathways have also been implicated to be involved in kidney diseases such as Transforming Growth Factor-β, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways. The discovery of miRNAs has provided new insights into kidney pathologies and may provide new innovative and effective therapeutic strategies. Research has demonstrated the role of miRNAs in a variety of kidney diseases including renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, nephritic syndrome, renal fibrosis, lupus nephritis and acute pyelonephritis. MiRNAs are implicated as playing a role in these diseases due to their role in apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and development. As miRNAs have been detected in a stable condition in different biological fluids, they have the potential to be tools to study the pathogenesis of human diseases with a great potential to be used in disease prognosis and diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of miRNA in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydwell Mukhadi
- Forensic Science Laboratory, 730 Pretorius street, Arcadia 0083, South Africa.
| | - Rodney Hull
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1709, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag x1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4031, South Africa.
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Hu S, Bao H, Xu X, Zhou X, Qin W, Zeng C, Liu Z. Increased miR-374b promotes cell proliferation and the production of aberrant glycosylated IgA1 in B cells of IgA nephropathy. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:4019-25. [PMID: 26545495 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of B cells is increased and the O-glycans of IgA1 are incompletely galactosylated in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Here we report that expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Cosmc is decreased in B cells, and correlates with B cell number and the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 in IgAN. Patients with IgAN exhibit higher miR-374b in B cells compared to controls. We show that miR-374b targets PTEN and Cosmc by luciferase assays and western blot analysis. Inhibition of miR-374b increased PTEN and Cosmc expression, and prevented cell proliferation and aberrant glycosylation of IgA1, thus representing a new therapeutic approach for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Bao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Zeng J, Mi R, Wang Y, Li Y, Lin L, Yao B, Song L, van Die I, Chapman AB, Cummings RD, Jin P, Ju T. Promoters of Human Cosmc and T-synthase Genes Are Similar in Structure, Yet Different in Epigenetic Regulation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19018-33. [PMID: 26063800 PMCID: PMC4521027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-synthase (core 1 β3-galactosyltransferase) and its molecular chaperone Cosmc regulate the biosynthesis of mucin type O-glycans on glycoproteins, and evidence suggests that both T-synthase and Cosmc are transcriptionally suppressed in several human diseases, although the transcriptional regulation of these two genes is not understood. Here, we characterized the promoters essential for human Cosmc and T-synthase transcription. The upstream regions of the genes lack a conventional TATA box but contain CpG islands, cCpG-I and cCpG-II for Cosmc and tCpG for T-synthase. Using luciferase reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis, ChIP assays, and mithramycin A treatment, we identified the core promoters within cCpG-II and tCpG, which contain two binding sites for Krüppel-like transcription factors, including SP1/SP3, respectively. Methylome analysis of Tn4 B cells, which harbor a silenced Cosmc, confirmed the hypermethylation of the Cosmc core promoter but not for T-synthase. These results demonstrate that Cosmc and T-synthase are transcriptionally regulated at a basal level by the specificity protein/Krüppel-like transcription factor family of members, which explains their ubiquitous and coordinated expression, and also indicate that they are differentially epigenetically regulated beyond X chromosome imprinting. These results are important in understanding the regulation of these genes that have roles in human diseases, such as IgA nephropathy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina Song
- From the Departments of Biochemistry
| | - Irma van Die
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 and
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Serino G, Sallustio F, Curci C, Cox SN, Pesce F, De Palma G, Schena FP. Role of let-7b in the regulation of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1132-9. [PMID: 25744272 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by aberrant O-glycosylation in the hinge region of IgA1. The early step in O-glycan formation is the attachment of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the serine/threonine of the hinge region; the process is catalysed by UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2). In our previous work, the microarray analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) identified an upregulated miRNA called let-7b. METHODS To study the molecular mechanisms in which let-7b was involved, we performed a bioinformatic analysis to predict their target genes. To validate biologically let-7b targets, we performed transient transfection experiments ex vivo using PBMCs from an independent group of IgAN patients and healthy blood donors (HBDs). RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis revealed that GALNT2 is the potential target of let-7b. We found this miRNA significantly upregulated in PBMCs of IgAN patients compared with HBDs. Then, we demonstrated in ex-vivo experiments that let-7b decreased GALNT2 levels in PBMCs of IgAN patients, whereas the loss of let-7b function in PBMCs of HBDs led to an increase of GALNT2 mRNA and its protein level. Finally, we found that upregulation of let-7b occurred also in B-lymphocytes from IgAN patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results give novel additional information on the abnormal O-glycosylation process of IgA1 in IgAN patients. This study provides evidence for another important miRNA-based regulatory mechanism of the O-glycosylation process in which the deregulated expression of let-7b is associated with altered expression of GALNT2. This finding could be taken into consideration for new therapeutic approaches in IgAN because other serum glycosylated proteins do not display abnormal glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Serino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, University of Bari, Valenzano (Ba), Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, University of Bari, Valenzano (Ba), Italy Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, University of Bari, Valenzano (Ba), Italy
| | - Sharon N Cox
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Francesco P Schena
- C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, University of Bari, Valenzano (Ba), Italy Schena Foundation, Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Valenzano (Ba), Italy
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Novak J, Raska M, Mestecky J, Julian BA. IgA Nephropathy and Related Diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shao J, Peng Y, He L, Liu H, Chen X, Peng X. Capsaicin induces high expression of BAFF and aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 of tonsillar mononuclear cells in IgA nephropathy patients. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1034-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.08.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lehoux S, Mi R, Aryal RP, Wang Y, Schjoldager KTBG, Clausen H, van Die I, Han Y, Chapman AB, Cummings RD, Ju T. Identification of distinct glycoforms of IgA1 in plasma from patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and healthy individuals. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3097-113. [PMID: 25071157 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide and is histologically characterized by the deposition of IgA1 and consequent inflammation in the glomerular mesangium. Prior studies suggested that serum IgA1 from IgAN patients contains aberrant, undergalactosylated O-glycans, for example, Tn antigen and its sialylated version, SialylTn (STn), but the mechanisms underlying aberrant O-glycosylation are not well understood. Here we have used serial lectin separation technologies, Western blot, enzymatic modifications, and mass spectrometry to explore whether there are different glycoforms of IgA1 in plasma from patients with IgAN and healthy individuals. Although total plasma IgA in IgAN patients was elevated ∼ 1.6-fold compared with that in healthy donors, IgA1 in all samples was unexpectedly separable into two distinct glycoforms: one with core 1 based O-glycans, and the other exclusively containing Tn/STn structures. Importantly, Tn antigen present on IgA1 from IgAN patients and controls was convertible into the core 1 structure in vitro by recombinant T-synthase. Our results demonstrate that undergalactosylation of O-glycans in IgA1 is not restricted to IgAN and suggest that in vivo inefficiency of T-synthase toward IgA1 in a subpopulation of B or plasma cells, as well as overall elevation of IgA, may contribute to IgAN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katrine T-B G Schjoldager
- §Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- §Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irma van Die
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoosun Han
- ‖Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- ‖Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Astragalus membranaceus up-regulate Cosmc expression and reverse IgA dys-glycosylation in IgA nephropathy. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:195. [PMID: 24942185 PMCID: PMC4070356 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Decreased Core I β3-Gal-T-specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) expression induced IgA1 aberrant glycosylation is the main characteristic of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This study tried to elucidate the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on Cosmc expression and IgA O-glycosylation of peripheral B lymphocytes in IgAN patients. Methods Peripheral B lymphocytes of 21 IgAN patients and 10 normal controls were isolated and cultured with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Astragalus membranaceus injection (AMI). Cosmc mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. IgA1 and glycosylation level were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and VV lectin-binding method. Results Cosmc mRNA expression and IgA1 O-glycosylation level in IgAN patients was significantly lower than normal controls at baseline. Treatment of LPS could obviously inhibit Cosmc expression and increase the IgA1 secretion in peripheral B lymphocytes of IgAN patients, which resulted in a significantly increase in IgA1 aberrant glycosylation level. Addition of AMI could remarkably up regulated Cosmc expression, decrease IgA1 secretion, and reverse glycosylation level in a dose related manner. Conclusion AMI can up-regulate Cosmc expression of peripheral B lymphocytes and reverse IgA1 aberrant O-glycosylation level, which might be the underlying mechanism of AMI therapy in treating IgAN. Trial registration TCTR20140515001 (Registration Date: 2014-05-15)
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CagA, a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, promotes the production and underglycosylation of IgA1 in DAKIKI cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:276-81. [PMID: 24462875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is closely associated with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study was to investigate the effect of cytotoxin associated gene A protein (CagA), a major virulence factor of Hp, on the production and underglycosylation of IgA1 in the B cell line DAKIKI cells. Cells were cultured and treated with recombinant CagA protein. We found that CagA stimulated cell proliferation and the production of IgA1 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Moreover, CagA promoted the underglycosylation of IgA1, which at least partly attributed to the downregulation of β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) and its chaperone Cosmc. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Hp infection, at least via CagA, may participate in the pathogenesis of IgAN by influencing the production and glycosylation of IgA1 in B cells.
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Ju T, Wang Y, Aryal RP, Lehoux SD, Ding X, Kudelka MR, Cutler C, Zeng J, Wang J, Sun X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, aberrant O-glycomics as human disease markers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:618-31. [PMID: 23857728 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In many different human disorders, the cellular glycome is altered. An interesting but poorly understood alteration occurs in the mucin-type O-glycome, in which there is aberrant expression of the truncated O-glycans Tn (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) and its sialylated version sialyl-Tn (STn) (Neu5Acα2,6GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr). Both Tn and STn are tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens and tumor biomarkers, since they are not expressed normally and appear early in tumorigenesis. Moreover, their expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. The Tn and STn antigens are also expressed in other human diseases and disorders, such as Tn syndrome and IgA nephropathy. The major pathological mechanism for expression of the Tn and STn antigens is compromised T-synthase activity, resulting from alteration of the X-linked gene that encodes for Cosmc, a molecular chaperone specifically required for the correct folding of T-synthase to form active enzyme. This review will summarize our current understanding of the Tn and STn antigens in terms of their biochemistry and role in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajindra P Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sylvain D Lehoux
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Cutler
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Tan K, Chen J, Li W, Chen Y, Sui W, Zhang Y, Dai Y. Genome-wide analysis of microRNAs expression profiling in patients with primary IgA nephropathy. Genome 2013; 56:161-9. [PMID: 23659700 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2012-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression characteristics and the roles of the genome-wide microRNAs (miRNAs) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) kidney tissues. We used Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to evaluate the miRNAs expression of six biopsy tissues from IgAN and six normal renal cortex specimens from patients with renal cell carcinoma. We observed a total of 85 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in the six IgAN patients, of which 11 miRNAs were up-regulated and 74 miRNAs were down-regulated in patients' tissues compared with control tissues. Additionally, we identified 55 candidate novel miRNAs in our study, which comprised seven candidates who were detected in the IgAN group and 49 candidates who were detected in the control group. Only one candidate (miR-n-9) was expressed in both groups. The bioinformatics showed that the regulated target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with immune and renal pathological changes. The identification of specific tissue miRNAs in our study not only helped clarify the genetics or immunology mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN but also helped explain the pathological changes in the kidney tissues. We hypothesize that some significant miRNAs might potentially serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers in IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuibi Tan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wuxian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education Ministry, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- The Kidney Transplantation and Hemopurification Center of PLA, 181 Hospital of PLA, Guilin, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Kidney Transplantation and Hemopurification Center of PLA, 181 Hospital of PLA, Guilin, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
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He L, Peng Y, Liu H, Yin W, Chen X, Peng X, Shao J, Liu Y, Liu F. Activation of the interleukin-4/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling pathway and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 production by tonsillar mononuclear cells in IgA nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2013; 38:321-32. [PMID: 24107646 DOI: 10.1159/000355393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Clinical development and exacerbation of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are frequently preceded by episodes of upper respiratory tract infection such as tonsillitis. This study aimed to determine the role of the interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling pathway and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation production, and identify potential therapeutic targets in IgAN. METHODS Expression levels of IL-4, STAT6, core1β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1C1), core1β3GalT-specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) and HIPK2 in tonsil components were examined by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Lymphocytes isolated from 22 patients with IgAN and 24 patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) as controls were cultured for 72 h with or without IL-4, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and α-hemolytic streptococcus (HS) stimulation. Expression levels of STAT6, C1GALT1C1, Cosmc, HIPK2-mRNA and protein were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The concentration of IgA1 and level of O-glycosylation were determined by ELISA and Vicia villosa (VV) lectin-binding assay. To determine the contribution of HIPK2 in IgA secretion and O-glycosylation, cells were subjected to experiments for evaluation of HIPK2 silencing by Hipk2-siRNA transfection. RESULTS The IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway was highly activated in all tonsil tissues (including the germinal center and tonsillar crypt epithelium) of IgAN patients, but the gene or protein expression of β1,3-Gal transferase (C1GALT1) and COSMC decreased significantly in patients with IgAN in comparison with those with CT. Hipk2 production in the tonsils derived from IgAN patients was significantly higher than that of CT patients. HIPK2-mRNA expression significantly negatively correlated with renal function as expressed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and also significantly positively correlated with daily proteinuria. The level of IL-4, STAT6 and HIPK2 were closely related with Lee's pathological grading system. The levels of mRNA and protein encoding STAT6 and Hipk2 in cells coincubated with IL-4, LPS and HS were significantly higher than those in the controls without stimulation; however, in the IgAN group the levels of mRNA and protein encoding C1GALT1 and Cosmc were significantly lower compared to the controls. IgA1 concentrations of supernatants in IgAN patients were remarkably higher under conditions of external stimulation. As expected, the optical density value of VV lectin binding to IgA1 increased after external stimulation in the IgAN group. By siRNA transfection, our results clearly indicate that Hipk2 negatively regulates C1GALT1 and Cosmc expression. Importantly, HIPK2-siRNA attenuates the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 secretion. CONCLUSION We identified and confirmed that activation of the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway has a crucial role in aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 secretion. HIPK2, a protein kinase previously unrecognized in kidney disease, may mediate the glycosylation of IgA1. We believe that HIPK2 could be a new therapeutic target for IgAN, especially as protein kinases are 'drugable' targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu He
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha, PR China
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A fluorescence-based assay for Core 1 β3galactosyltransferase (T-synthase) activity. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:15-28. [PMID: 23765650 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans on glycoproteins in animal cells play important roles in many biological processes. Core 1 β3galactosyltransferase (Core 1 β3GalT, T-synthase) is a key enzyme in the O-glycan biosynthetic pathway. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of O-glycans and the absolute requirement of T-synthase in this pathway. The assessment of the T-synthase activity has historically been conducted using a radioactive method. Here we describe a fluorescence-based assay procedure for T-synthase activity. T-synthase utilizes the acceptor substrate 4-methylumbelliferone-α-GalNAc (GalNAcα-(4-MU)) and the donor substrate UDP-Gal to synthesize the disaccharide product Galβ1,3GalNAcα-(4-MU) structure. This product is specifically hydrolyzed by endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (O-glycosidase) releasing free 4-MU. Free 4-MU is highly fluorescent at pH 9.6-10 and can be easily measured by a fluorescent detector (Ex: 355 nm; Em: 460 nm). This fluorescence-based T-synthase assay is simple, sensitive, reproducible, not affected by enzyme source, and adaptable for high-throughput assays.
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Mycophenolic acid reverses IgA1 aberrant glycosylation through up-regulating Cosmc expression in IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 45:571-9. [PMID: 23136028 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired core I β3-Gal-T-specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) expression-caused IgA1 aberrant O-glycosylation is one of the main pathogeneses of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).This study tried to elucidate whether mycophenolic acid (MPA) could up-regulate Cosmc expression of peripheral lymphocytes in IgAN patients and reverse the dys-O-glycosylation. METHOD Peripheral lymphocytes of eighteen IgAN patients and twelve normal controls were isolated and cultured for 3-7 days with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MPA. Cosmc mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blot. IgA1 and O-glycosylation level were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and VV lectin-binding test. Correlation analysis was performed between Cosmc expression levels and IgA1 O-glycosylation level. RESULTS Cosmc mRNA expression and IgA1 O-glycosylation level in IgAN patients were significantly lower than normal controls. Treatment of LPS could obviously inhibit the Cosmc expression and increase the IgA1 secretion in peripheral lymphocytes of IgAN patients, which resulted in a significantly increase in IgA1 aberrant glycosylation level. Addition of MPA could significantly increase the Cosmc expression level along with a decrease in IgA1 secretion, leading to a reverse of aberrant glycosylation. A significant positive correlation between the Cosmc expression and IgA1 O-glycosylation level was noticed. CONCLUSION MPA can up-regulate the Cosmc expression and reverse the IgA1 aberrant O-glycosylation level in peripheral lymphocytes of IgAN patients, which might be the underlying mechanism of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy used in treating IgAN.
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Mi R, Song L, Wang Y, Ding X, Zeng J, Lehoux S, Aryal RP, Wang J, Crew VK, van Die I, Chapman AB, Cummings RD, Ju T. Epigenetic silencing of the chaperone Cosmc in human leukocytes expressing tn antigen. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41523-33. [PMID: 23035125 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.371989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmc is the specific molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum for T-synthase, a Golgi β3-galactosyltransferase that generates the core 1 O-glycan, Galβ1-3GalNAcα-Ser/Thr, in glycoproteins. Dysfunctional Cosmc results in the formation of inactive T-synthase and consequent expression of the Tn antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr), which is associated with several human diseases. However, the molecular regulation of expression of Cosmc, which is encoded by a single gene on Xq24, is poorly understood. Here we show that epigenetic silencing of Cosmc through hypermethylation of its promoter leads to loss of Cosmc transcripts in Tn4 cells, an immortalized B cell line from a male patient with a Tn-syndrome-like phenotype. These cells lack T-synthase activity and express the Tn antigen. Treatment of cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine causes restoration of Cosmc transcripts, restores T-synthase activity, and reduces Tn antigen expression. Bisulfite sequencing shows that CG dinucleotides in the Cosmc core promoter are hypermethylated. Interestingly, several other X-linked genes associated with glycosylation are not silenced in Tn4 cells, and we observed no correlation of a particular DNA methyltransferase to aberrant methylation of Cosmc in these cells. Thus, hypermethylation of the Cosmc promoter in Tn4 cells is relatively specific. Epigenetic silencing of Cosmc provides another mechanism underlying the abnormal expression of the Tn antigen, which may be important in understanding aberrant Tn antigen expression in human diseases, including IgA nephropathy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Mi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Novak J, Julian BA, Mestecky J, Renfrow MB. Glycosylation of IgA1 and pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:365-82. [PMID: 22434325 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy, described in 1968 as IgA-IgG immune-complex disease, is an autoimmune disease. Galactose-deficient IgA1 is recognized by unique autoantibodies, resulting in the formation of pathogenic immune complexes that ultimately induce glomerular injury. Thus, formation of the galactose-deficient IgA1-containing immune complexes is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Studies of molecular defects of IgA1 can define new biomarkers specific for IgA nephropathy that can be developed into clinical assays to aid in the diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Serino G, Sallustio F, Cox SN, Pesce F, Schena FP. Abnormal miR-148b expression promotes aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:814-24. [PMID: 22362909 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant O-glycosylation in the hinge region of IgA1 characterizes IgA nephropathy. The mechanisms underlying this abnormal glycosylation are not well understood, but reduced expression of the enzyme core 1, β1,3-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) may contribute. In this study, high-throughput microRNA (miRNA) profiling identified 37 miRNAs differentially expressed in PBMCs of patients with IgA nephropathy compared with healthy persons. Among them, we observed upregulation of miR-148b, which potentially targets C1GALT1. Patients with IgA nephropathy exhibited lower C1GALT1 expression, which negatively correlated with miR-148b expression. Transfection of PBMCs from healthy persons with a miR-148b mimic reduced endogenous C1GALT1 mRNA levels threefold. Conversely, loss of miR-148b function in PBMCs of patients with IgA nephropathy increased C1GALT1 mRNA and protein levels to those observed in healthy persons. Moreover, we found that upregulation of miR-148b directly correlated with levels of galactose-deficient IgA1. In vitro, we used an IgA1-producing cell line to confirm that miR-148b modulates IgA1 O-glycosylation and the levels of secreted galactose-deficient IgA1. Taken together, these data suggest a role for miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Abnormal expression of miR-148b may explain the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1, providing a potential pharmacologic target for IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Serino
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Policlinico, Italy
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Carlsson MC, Bakoush O, Tengroth L, Kilsgård O, Malmström J, Hellmark T, Segelmark M, Leffler H. Galectin-8 in IgA nephritis: decreased binding of IgA by galectin-8 affinity chromatography and associated increased binding in non-IgA serum glycoproteins. J Clin Immunol 2011; 32:246-55. [PMID: 22173878 PMCID: PMC3305883 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin A nephritis (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is caused by accumulation of IgA1-containing immune complexes in the kidney resulting in renal failure, which is thought to be due to altered glycosylation of IgA with a decrease of 2–3-sialylated galactosides (NeuAcα2-3Gal). Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze whether altered glycosylation of IgA would lead to an altered binding to galectin-8, an endogenous lectin with strong affinity for 2–3-sialylated galactosides. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins; by binding various glycoproteins, they play important roles in the regulation of cellular functions in inflammation and immunity. Hence, an altered binding of IgA to galectin-8 could lead to pathologic immune functions, such as glomerulonephritis. Methods Affinity chromatography of serum glycoproteins on the human sialogalactoside-binding lectin galectin-8N permitted quantitation of bound and unbound fractions, including IgA. Results Analysis of ∼100 IgA nephritis sera showed that the galectin-8N unbound fraction of IgA increased compared to ∼100 controls, consistent with the known loss of galactosylation. A subgroup of ∼15% of the IgAN patients had a ratio of galectin-8 bound/unbound IgA <0.09, not found for any of the controls. Unexpectedly, the galectin-8N-binding fraction of serum glycoproteins other than IgA increased in the sera of IgAN patients but not in controls, suggesting a previously unrecognized change in this disease. Conclusion This is the first study that relates a galectin, an endogenous lectin family, to IgA nephritis and thus should stimulate new avenues of research into the pathophysiology of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10875-011-9618-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Carlsson
- Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Omran Bakoush
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Tengroth
- Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Kilsgård
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hellmark
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Segelmark
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Skåne University Hospital SUS., Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
Since its first description more than 40 years ago, IgA nephropathy has become the most common pattern of primary glomerulonephritis identified in all areas of the world where renal biopsy is routinely performed. This review discusses advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, principally focusing on work published in the past 5 years. It has been recognized for some time that one of the most consistent features of IgA nephropathy is an alteration in the complement of serum IgA1 O-glycoforms, with an overrepresentation of poorly galactosylated IgA1 O-glycoforms both in the serum and mesangial deposits of patients with IgA nephropathy. New data suggest that poorly galactosylated IgA1 O-glycoforms might act either as autoantigens driving the formation of glycan-specific antibodies, or antigens for cross-reactive antimicrobial antibodies. Formation of these circulating and mesangial IgA-containing immune complexes appears pivotal to the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and there is strong in vitro data to support their role in activation of mesangial cells, induction of podocyte injury, and activation of proximal tubular epithelial cells. Genetic factors are likely to influence many facets of pathogenesis both in primary and familial IgA nephropathy, however, to date work in this area has failed to identify consistent candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barratt
- The John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital and Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Tsai CM, Guan CH, Hsieh HW, Hsu TL, Tu Z, Wu KJ, Lin CH, Lin KI. Galectin-1 and galectin-8 have redundant roles in promoting plasma cell formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1643-52. [PMID: 21753146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin (Gal) family members are a type of soluble lectin, and they play important roles in immunomodulation. Their redundant roles have been proposed. We previously found that Gal-1 promotes the formation of Ab-secreting plasma cells, but B cells from Gal-1-deficient and control animals produce comparable amounts of Abs. In the current study, we used synthetic sulfomodified N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) analogs and short hairpin RNAs for Gal-8 to demonstrate a redundancy in the effects of Gal-1 and Gal-8 on plasma cell formation. Gal-1 and Gal-8 were both expressed during plasma cell differentiation, and both Gals promoted the formation of plasma cells. Gal-1 and Gal-8 bound better to mature B cells than to plasma cells, and the expression of glycosyltransferase enzymes changed during differentiation, with a decrease in mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 mRNAs in plasma cells. Synthetic sulfomodified Galβ1-3GlcNAc disaccharides (type 1 LacNAcs) selectively prevented Gal-8 binding, leading to a blockade of Ab production in Gal-1-deficient B cells. Furthermore, synthetic type 1 LacNAcs that were able to block the binding of both Gals greatly reduced the effect of exogenously added recombinant Gal-1 and Gal-8 on promoting Ab production. These results reveal a novel role for Gal-8 in collaboration with Gal-1 in plasma cell formation, and suggest the possibility of using distinct LacNAc ligands to modulate the function of Gals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will analyze contemporary information concerning the possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in IgA nephropathy, emphasizing studies in humans rather than experimental animals. RECENT FINDINGS Deposition of IgA in the glomeruli, the hallmark of IgA nephropathy, may be a quite common phenomenon. Aberrant O-linked galactosylation of IgA subclass (IgA1) appears to play a central role and 'auto-immunity' to a conformational epitope related to glycans at the hinge region of IgA1 is apparently required. Both a circulating immune complex and an in-situ immune complex mechanism have been advanced. Mediator systems, such as complement activation and engagement of innate immune system, also play prominent roles in determining the clinical onset and severity of disease. Genetic influences are evident but the fine details of genetic predisposition and its impact on outcomes still need to be further elucidated. SUMMARY Progress in understanding the details of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy will lead to a better means of diagnosis (including noninvasive tests for diagnosis), more accurate individualized prognosis and personalized treatment regimens for this globally distributed and very common primary glomerular disease.
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Ju T, Otto VI, Cummings RD. The Tn antigen-structural simplicity and biological complexity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1770-91. [PMID: 21259410 PMCID: PMC7159538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins in animal cells contain a variety of glycan structures that are added co- and/or posttranslationally to proteins. Of over 20 different types of sugar-amino acid linkages known, the two major types are N-glycans (Asn-linked) and O-glycans (Ser/Thr-linked). An abnormal mucin-type O-glycan whose expression is associated with cancer and several human disorders is the Tn antigen. It has a relatively simple structure composed of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine with a glycosidic α linkage to serine/threonine residues in glycoproteins (GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr), and was one of the first glycoconjugates to be chemically synthesized. The Tn antigen is normally modified by a specific galactosyltransferase (T-synthase) in the Golgi apparatus of cells. Expression of active T-synthase is uniquely dependent on the molecular chaperone Cosmc, which is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome. Expression of the Tn antigen can arise as a consequence of mutations in the genes for T-synthase or Cosmc, or genes affecting other steps of O-glycosylation pathways. Because of the association of the Tn antigen with disease, there is much interest in the development of Tn-based vaccines and other therapeutic approaches based on Tn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐727‐2738
| | - Vivianne I. Otto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐727‐2738
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Ju T, Otto VI, Cummings RD. Das Tn-Antigen - strukturell einfach und biologisch komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Inoue T, Sugiyama H, Hiki Y, Takiue K, Morinaga H, Kitagawa M, Maeshima Y, Fukushima K, Nishizaki K, Akagi H, Narimatsu Y, Narimatsu H, Makino H. Differential expression of glycogenes in tonsillar B lymphocytes in association with proteinuria and renal dysfunction in IgA nephropathy. Clin Immunol 2010; 136:447-55. [PMID: 20538527 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant O-glycosylation of serum and tonsillar IgA1 is one of the main pathogeneses of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, the synthesis of underglycosylated IgA1 in tonsils has not yet been characterized. This study examined tonsillar B lymphocytes of IgAN (n=34) using tonsils derived from patients with chronic tonsillitis (n=24) and sleep apnea syndrome (n=14) as a control. Gene expression of beta1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT), and the core 1 beta3GalT-specific molecular chaperone, Cosmc, UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 2, were significantly decreased in tonsillar CD19-positive B lymphocytes from IgAN patients compared to control tonsillar tissues as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Tonsillar B cell beta3GalT gene expression significantly correlated with estimated GFR and negatively correlated with proteinuria and histological injury score. Western blotting showed the protein expression of beta3GalT in the tonsils to significantly decrease in IgAN in comparison to the controls. These data suggest the downregulation of beta3GalT in tonsillar B lymphocytes to be closely associated with the clinical characteristics of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyuki Inoue
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Yamada K, Kobayashi N, Ikeda T, Suzuki Y, Tsuge T, Horikoshi S, Emancipator SN, Tomino Y. Down-regulation of core 1 beta1,3-galactosyltransferase and Cosmc by Th2 cytokine alters O-glycosylation of IgA1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:3890-7. [PMID: 20551088 PMCID: PMC2989791 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have an increased amount of abnormally O-glycosylated IgA1 in circulation, in glomerular deposits and produced by tissue cells in vitro. Although increased production of Th2 cytokines by peripheral blood lymphocytes and a functional abnormality of core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1β3Gal-T) have been proposed as mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of IgAN, they are still obscure and are not connected. Methods. To clarify the effect of T-cell cytokines, we analysed the mRNA levels of C1β3Gal-T and its molecular chaperone Cosmc, C1β3Gal-T activity and subsequent O-glycosylation of IgA1 in a human B-cell line stimulated with these cytokines. The surface IgA1-positive human B-cell line was cultured with recombinant human IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 or IL-5. The production and glycosylation of IgA1 were determined by sandwich ELISA and enzyme-linked lectin binding assay, respectively. The mRNA levels of C1β3Gal-T and Cosmc were quantitatively measured by real-time PCR. C1β3Gal-T activity was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. IgA1 production by IL-4-stimulated cells was significantly higher than controls or after IFN-γ or IL-5. The terminal glycosylation of secreted IgA1 was altered in response to IL-4. IL-4 stimulation significantly decreased the mRNA levels of both C1β3Gal-T and Cosmc and of C1β3Gal-T activity. IL-4 stimulation was clearly blocked by recombinant human IL-4 soluble receptor. Conclusions. It appears that Th2 cytokine IL-4 may play a key role in controlling glycosylation of the IgA1 hinge region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Yamada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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