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Demirci Ş, Gün C. Zinc Supplementation Improved Neuropeptide Y, Nesfatin-1, Leptin, C-reactive protein, and HOMA-IR of Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3996-4006. [PMID: 34708332 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a mild chronic inflammation that causes many metabolic diseases. It was aimed to investigate some parameters affective on the energy metabolism by adding zinc (Zn, ZnSO4) to drinking water of diet-induced obese rats. Five-week aged, male Sprague Dawley rats divided into as control group, consuming standard rat diet, and high-fat diet (HFD) group. After obesity induced by feeding HFD for 8 weeks, the obese rats were divided into Zn-supplemented obese group (HFD + obese + Zn; 150 mg Zn/L (for 6 weeks), 235 mg Zn/L (7th week), 250 mg Zn/L (8th week) in drinking water) and obese group (HFD + obese). Mean body weight, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, neuropeptide-Y, leptin, insulin fasting blood glucose, and HOMA-IR were statistically decreased by given Zn in HFD + obese + Zn group compared to HFD + obese rats. It was observed that the total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels of HFD + obese + Zn group became closer to the control group level, and Zn supplementation caused a statistically significant decrease in cholesterol profile than HFD + obese rats. Also, increased mean serum nesfatin-1 level, an effective protein for the formation of satiety, was analyzed in HFD + obese + Zn group when compared to HFD + obese ones. Serum triglyceride concentration tended to decrease with the effect of Zn in obese rats. In conclusion, it can be said that oral use of Zn could improve energy balance and prevent the occurrence of metabolic diseases related to obesity depending on the anti-inflammatory effect of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Demirci
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Campus, Burdur, Turkey.
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Schalla MA, Taché Y, Stengel A. Neuroendocrine Peptides of the Gut and Their Role in the Regulation of Food Intake. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1679-1730. [PMID: 33792904 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of food intake encompasses complex interplays between the gut and the brain. Among them, the gastrointestinal tract releases different peptides that communicate the metabolic state to specific nuclei in the hindbrain and the hypothalamus. The present overview gives emphasis on seven peptides that are produced by and secreted from specialized enteroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract in relation with the nutritional status. These established modulators of feeding are ghrelin and nesfatin-1 secreted from gastric X/A-like cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted from duodenal I-cells, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY (PYY) secreted from intestinal L-cells and uroguanylin (UGN) released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1679-1730, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Taché
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Psilopanagioti A, Makrygianni M, Nikou S, Logotheti S, Papadaki H. Nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1 expression and colocalisation with neuropeptide Y and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the human brainstem. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12899. [PMID: 32902020 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Feeding is a complex behaviour entailing elaborate interactions between forebrain, hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal circuits via multiple orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1 is a negative regulator of food intake and body weight with a widespread distribution in rodent brainstem nuclei. However, its localisation pattern in the human brainstem is unknown. The present study aimed to explore NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoexpression in human brainstem nuclei and its possible correlation with body weight. Sections of human brainstem from 20 autopsy cases (13 males, seven females; eight normal weight, six overweight, six obese) were examined using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence labelling. Strong immunoreactivity for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was displayed in various brainstem areas, including the locus coeruleus, medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei, pontine nuclei, raphe nuclei, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (10N), area postrema, hypoglossal nucleus, reticular formation, inferior olive, cuneate nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was shown to extensively colocalise with neuropeptide Y and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus and solitary tract. Interestingly, in the examined cases, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein expression was lower in obese than normal weight subjects in the solitary tract (P = 0.020). The findings of the present study provide neuroanatomical support for a role for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in feeding behaviour and energy balance. The widespread distribution of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the human brainstem nuclei may be indicative of its pleiotropic effects on autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioural processes. In the solitary tract, a key integrator of energy status, altered neurochemistry may contribute to obesity. Further research is necessary to decipher human brainstem energy homeostasis circuitry, which, despite its importance, remains inadequately characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Psilopanagioti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Makrygianni
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Schalla MA, Unniappan S, Lambrecht NWG, Mori M, Taché Y, Stengel A. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 - Inhibitory effects on food intake, body weight and metabolism. Peptides 2020; 128:170308. [PMID: 32229144 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2006 by Oh-I and colleagues, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 encoded by nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) has drawn sustained attention as reflected in over 500 publications. Among those, more than half focused on the alterations of food intake, body weight and metabolism (glucose, fat) induced by nesfatin-1 and/or NUCB2/nesfatin-1. In the current review we discuss the existing literature focusing on NUCB2/nesfatin-1's influence on food intake, body weight and glucose as well as fat metabolism and highlight gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nils W G Lambrecht
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Masatomo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yvette Taché
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Guillebaud F, Roussel G, Félix B, Troadec JD, Dallaporta M, Abysique A. Interaction between nesfatin-1 and oxytocin in the modulation of the swallowing reflex. Brain Res 2019; 1711:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leung AKW, Ramesh N, Vogel C, Unniappan S. Nucleobindins and encoded peptides: From cell signaling to physiology. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:91-133. [PMID: 31036300 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleobindins (NUCBs) are DNA and calcium binding, secreted proteins with various signaling functions. Two NUCBs, nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1) and nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), were discovered during the 1990s. These two peptides are shown to have diverse functions, including the regulation of inflammation and bone formation, among others. In 2006, Oh-I and colleagues discovered that three peptides encoded within the NUCB2 could be processed by prohormone convertases. These peptides were named nesfatin-1, 2 and 3, mainly due to the satiety and fat influencing properties of nesfatin-1. However, it was found that nesfatin-2 and -3 have no such effects. Nesfatin-1, especially its mid-segment, is very highly conserved across vertebrates. Although the receptor(s) that mediate nesfatin-1 effects are currently unknown, it is now considered an endogenous peptide with multiple functions, affecting central and peripheral tissues to regulate metabolism, reproduction, endocrine and other functions. We recently identified a nesfatin-1-like peptide (NLP) encoded within the NUCB1. Like nesfatin-1, NLP suppressed feed intake in mice and fish, and stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. There is considerable evidence available to indicate that nucleobindins and its encoded peptides are multifunctional regulators of cell biology and whole animal physiology. This review aims to briefly discuss the structure, distribution, functions and mechanism of action nucleobindins and encoded peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaine Kwun-Wai Leung
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Naresh Ramesh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christine Vogel
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Schalla MA, Stengel A. Current Understanding of the Role of Nesfatin-1. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1188-1206. [PMID: 30302423 PMCID: PMC6169466 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was discovered in 2006 and implicated in the regulation of food intake. Subsequently, its widespread central and peripheral distribution gave rise to additional effects. Indeed, a multitude of actions were described, including modulation of gastrointestinal functions, glucose and lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, mediation of anxiety and depression, as well as cardiovascular and reproductive functions. Recent years have witnessed a great increase in our knowledge of these effects and their underlying mechanisms, which will be discussed in the present review. Lastly, gaps in knowledge will be highlighted to foster further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Pichat J, Iglesias JE, Yousry T, Ourselin S, Modat M. A Survey of Methods for 3D Histology Reconstruction. Med Image Anal 2018; 46:73-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ozcan ATD, Altin CB, Erdogan S, Ergin M, Çiftçi A, Kara H, Aksoy SM, But A. The effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Nesfatin-1 levels in laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29452603 PMCID: PMC5815222 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nesfatin-1 is involved in cardiovascular regulation, stress-related responses. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of volatile anesthetics on Nesfatin-1 levels. Method Fourty-two patients aged 30–65 years with the American Society Anesthesiology (ASA) Class I-II who were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study Patients were randomized into two group; desflurane administered group (Group I, n = 21) and sevoflurane administered group (Group II, n = 21). For anesthesia maintenance, the patients received 6% desflurane or 2% sevoflurane in 40% O2 and 60% air. The patient’s heart rate (HR), mean, systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (MAP, SAP, DAP), peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2) were monitored and recorded before induction, after induction, after intubation, and during extubation. Blood samples were collected before induction (T1), and after extubation when aldrete score was 10 (T2). Results Demographic data were similar between the groups. The preoperative levels of nesfatin were similar in the two groups (p = 0.715). In desflurane group, post-operative nesfatin levels were similar compared to preoperative levels (p = 0.073). In sevoflurane group, post-operative nesfatin levels were similar (p = 0.131). The nesfatin levels (postoperative vs preoperative) were similar between the groups (p = 0.900). Conclusion In conclusion, this study results suggest that nesfatin-1 levels are not affected by the use of sevoflurane or desflurane in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617001023347, retrospectively registered on 17 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T D Ozcan
- Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - C B Altin
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Erdogan
- Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Ergin
- Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Çiftçi
- Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Kara
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Pharmacology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S M Aksoy
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A But
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ankara, Turkey
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Blanco AM, Velasco C, Bertucci JI, Soengas JL, Unniappan S. Nesfatin-1 Regulates Feeding, Glucosensing and Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:484. [PMID: 30210451 PMCID: PMC6121026 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is an 82 amino acid peptide that has been involved in a wide variety of physiological functions in both mammals and fish. This study aimed to elucidate the role of nesfatin-1 on rainbow trout food intake, and its putative effects on glucose and fatty acid sensing systems. Intracerebroventricular administration of 25 ng/g nesfatin-1 resulted in a significant inhibition of appetite, likely mediated by the activation of central POMC and CART. Nesfatin-1 stimulated the glucosensing machinery (changes in sglt1, g6pase, gsase, and gnat3 mRNA expression) in the hindbrain and hypothalamus. Central fatty acid sensing mechanisms were unaltered by nesfatin-1, but this peptide altered the expression of mRNAs encoding factors regulating lipid metabolism (fat/cd36, acly, mcd, fas, lpl, pparα, and pparγ), suggesting that nesfatin-1 promotes lipid accumulation in neurons. In the liver, intracerebroventricular nesfatin-1 treatment resulted in decreased capacity for glucose use and lipogenesis, and increased the potential of fatty acid oxidation. Altogether, the present results demonstrate that nesfatin-1 is involved in the homeostatic regulation of food intake and metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén M. Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan I. Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Suraj Unniappan
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Yuan JH, Chen X, Dong J, Zhang D, Song K, Zhang Y, Wu GB, Hu XH, Jiang ZY, Chen P. Nesfatin-1 in the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus Inhibits Food Intake, Modulates Excitability of Glucosensing Neurons, and Enhances UCP1 Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2017; 8:235. [PMID: 28484396 PMCID: PMC5401881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an 82-amino acid neuropeptide, has been shown to induce anorexia and energy expenditure. Food intake is decreased in ad libitum-fed rats following injections of nesfatin-1 into the lateral, third, or fourth ventricles of the brain. Although the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) is a key regulator of feeding behavior and thermogenesis, the role of nesfatin-1 in this structure has not yet been delineated. We found that intra-LPBN microinjections of nesfatin-1 significantly reduced nocturnal cumulative food intake and average meal sizes without affecting meal numbers in rats. Because glucose sensitive neurons are involved in glucoprivic feeding and glucose homeostasis, we examined the effect of nesfatin-1 on the excitability of LPBN glucosensing neurons. In vivo electrophysiological recordings from LPBN glucose sensitive neurons showed that nesfatin-1 (1.5 × 10-8 M) excited most of the glucose-inhibited neurons. Chronic administration of nesfatin-1 into the LPBN of rats reduced body weight gain and enhanced the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) over a 10-day period. Furthermore, the effects of nesfatin-1 on food intake, body weight, and BAT were attenuated by treatment with the melanocortin antagonist SHU9119. These results demonstrate that nesfatin-1 in LPBN inhibited food intake, modulated excitability of glucosensing neurons and enhanced UCP1 expression in BAT via the melanocortin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-hua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
- Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Kun Song
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Guang-bo Wu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Xi-hao Hu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Zheng-yao Jiang
- Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
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Goebel-Stengel M, Stengel A. Role of Brain NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the Stress-induced Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:882-891. [PMID: 27281021 PMCID: PMC5333592 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160601153202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1 plays a well-established role in homeostatic functions associated with food intake and stress integration. Aim This review focusses on NUCB2/nesfatin-1’s central effects on gastrointestinal functions and will summarize the effects on food intake, motility and secretion with focus on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Results We will highlight the stressors that influence brain NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression and discuss functional implications. In addition to traditional acute psychological and physical stressors such as restraint stress and abdominal surgery we will look at immunological, visceral and metabolic stressors as well as a chronic combination stress model that have been shown to affect NUCB2/nesfatin-1 signaling and describe associated functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Stengel
- First Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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Irannejad A, Ghajar A, Afarideh M, Khajeh E, Noshad S, Esteghamati S, Afshari K, Kahe F, Ganji M, Saadat M, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Association of peripheral nesfatin-1 with early stage diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:17-22. [PMID: 28038936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nesfatin-1 is a newly found anorectic neuropeptide with potent metabolic regulatory effects that its circulating levels are shown to be elevated in diabetes. We compared serum nesfatin-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria (30mg/day≤urinary albumin excretion (UAE) <300mg/day) with their control patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria (UAE <30mg/day). PATIENTS AND METHODS In a cross sectional setting, 44 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria and 44 control patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria were evaluated. Serum levels of nesfatin-1 along with demographic, clinical and biochemical factors associated with diabetes was measured. RESULTS Mean peripheral concentrations of nesfatin-1 were significantly higher in patients with diabetes who had microalbuminuria compared to normoalbuminuric control patients (175.27±25.96pg/ml vs. 134.66±23.18pg/ml, respectively; p value<0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between circulating nesfatin-1 levels and the following case-mix variables: duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, plasma creatinine, UAE and serum uric acid. In the multivariate logistic regression and after adjustment for a constellation of potentially confounding variables associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), circulating nesfatin-1 was the only variable significantly associated with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.224 [1.007-1.487], p value=0.042). CONCLUSION In patients with type 2 diabetes, circulating nesfatin-1 appears to be associated with microalbuminuria independent of other established risk factors of DKD. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the prognostic significance of this association remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Irannejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghajar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elias Khajeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Noshad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadaf Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farima Kahe
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morsaleh Ganji
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saadat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Anju T, Akhilraj P, Paulose C. Oxidative stress and cell death in the cerebral cortex as a long-term consequence of neonatal hypoglycemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoglycemia limits glucose supply to cells leading to long-term consequences in brain function. The present study evaluated antioxidant and cell death factors’ alterations in cerebral cortex of 1-month-old rats exposed to neonatal hypoglycemia. Gene expression studies by real-time PCR were carried out using gene-specific TaqMan probes. Fluorescent dyes were used for immunohistochemistry and nuclear staining and imaged by confocal microscope. Total antioxidant level and expression of antioxidant enzymes — superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione peroxide (GPx) — mRNA was significantly reduced along with high peroxide level in the cerebral cortex of 1-month-old rats exposed to neonatal hypoglycemia. Real-time PCR analysis showed an upregulation of Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 8 gene expression. Confocal imaging with TOPRO-3 staining and immunohistochemistry with caspase 3 antibody indicated cell death activation. The reduced free radical scavenging capability coupled with the expression of key factors involved in cell death pathway points to the possibility of oxidative stress in the cortex of 1-month-old rats exposed to neonatal hypoglycemia. The observed results indicate the effects of neonatal hypoglycemia in determining the antioxidant capability of cerebral cortex in a later stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.R. Anju
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
| | - P.R. Akhilraj
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
| | - C.S. Paulose
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
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15
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Feijóo-Bandín S, Rodríguez-Penas D, García-Rúa V, Mosquera-Leal A, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Nesfatin-1: a new energy-regulating peptide with pleiotropic functions. Implications at cardiovascular level. Endocrine 2016; 52:11-29. [PMID: 26662184 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a new energy-regulating peptide widely expressed at both central and peripheral tissues with pleiotropic effects. In the last years, the study of nesfatin-1 actions and its possible implication in the development of different diseases has created a great interest among the scientific community. In this review, we will summarize nesfatin-1 main functions, focusing on its cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Penas
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-Rúa
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mosquera-Leal
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit of the Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) of Santiago de Compstela, and Department of Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
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16
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Stengel A. Nesfatin-1 - More than a food intake regulatory peptide. Peptides 2015; 72:175-83. [PMID: 26116783 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was discovered a decade ago and despite the fact that it represents just one of a multitude of food intake-inhibiting factors it received increasing attention. This led to a detailed characterization of NUCB2/nesfatin-1's physiological property to reduce food intake and also gave rise to an involvement in the long term regulation of body weight, especially under conditions of obesity. In addition, studies indicated the involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in other homeostatic functions as well: glucose homeostasis, water intake, gastrointestinal functions, temperature regulation, cardiovascular functions, puberty onset and sleep. These pleiotropic actions underline the physiological relevance of this peptide. Recently, the involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in psychiatric disorders such as anxiety has been investigated giving rise to the speculation that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 represents a peptidergic link between eating and anxiety/depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Mimee A, Ferguson AV. Glycemic state regulates melanocortin, but not nesfatin-1, responsiveness of glucose-sensing neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R690-9. [PMID: 25695291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00477.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a medullary integrative center with critical roles in the coordinated control of energy homeostasis. Here, we used whole cell current-clamp recordings on rat NTS neurons in slice preparation to identify the presence of physiologically relevant glucose-sensing neurons. The majority of NTS neurons (n = 81) were found to be glucose-responsive, with 35% exhibiting a glucose-excited (GE) phenotype (mean absolute change in membrane potential: 9.5 ± 1.1 mV), and 21% exhibiting a glucose-inhibited (GI) response (mean: 6.3 ± 0.7 mV). Furthermore, we found glucose-responsive cells are preferentially influenced by the anorexigenic peptide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), but not nesfatin-1. Accordingly, alterations in glycemic state have profound effects on the responsiveness of NTS neurons to α-MSH, but not to nesfatin-1. Indeed, NTS neurons showed increasing responsiveness to α-MSH as extracellular glucose concentrations were decreased, and in hypoglycemic conditions, all NTS neurons were depolarized by α-MSH (mean 10.6 ± 3.2 mV; n = 8). Finally, decreasing levels of extracellular glucose correlated with a significant hyperpolarization of the baseline membrane potential of NTS neurons, highlighting the modulatory effect of glucose on the baseline excitability of cells in this region. Our findings reveal individual NTS cells are capable of integrating multiple sources of metabolically relevant inputs, highlight the rapid capacity for plasticity in medullary melanocortin circuits, and emphasize the critical importance of physiological recording conditions for electrophysiological studies pertaining to the central control of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mimee
- Queen's University, Department of Physiology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Moussavi M, Wlasichuk M, Chang JP, Habibi HR. Seasonal effects of GnIH on basal and GnRH-induced goldfish somatotrope functions. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:191-202. [PMID: 25319842 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To understand how gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) regulates goldfish GH cell functions, we monitored GH release and expression during early, mid-, and/or late gonadal recrudescence. In vivo and in vitro responses to goldfish (g) GnIH were different, indicating direct action at the level of pituitary, as well as interactions with other neuroendocrine factors involved in GH regulation. Injection of gGnIH consistently reduced basal serum GH levels but elevated pituitary gh mRNA levels, indicating potential dissociation of GH release and synthesis. Goldfish GnRH (sGnRH and cGnRHII) injection differentially stimulated serum GH and pituitary gh mRNA levels with some seasonal differences; these responses were reduced by gGnIH. In contrast, in vitro application of gGnIH during 24-h static incubation of goldfish pituitary cells generally elevated basal GH release and attenuated sGnRH-induced changes in gh mRNA, while suppressing basal gh mRNA levels at mid- and late recrudescence but elevating them at early recrudescence. gGnIH attenuated the GH release responses to sGnRH during static incubation at early, but not at mid- and late recrudescence. In cell column perifusion experiments examining short-term GH release, gGnIH reduced the cGnRHII- and sGnRH-stimulated secretion at late recrudescence but inhibited tha action of cGnRHII only during mid-recrudescence. Interestingly, a reduction of basal GH release upon perifusion with gGnIH during late recrudescence was followed by a rebound increase in GH release upon gGnIH removal. These results indicate that gGnIH exerts complex effects on basal and GnRH-stimulated goldfish GH cell functions and can differentially affect GH release and mRNA expression in a seasonal reproductive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moussavi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - M Wlasichuk
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - J P Chang
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - H R Habibi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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19
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a significant global epidemic with more than 285 million people affected worldwide. Regulating glycemia in T2D patients can be partially achieved with currently available treatment, but intensive research during the last decades have led to the discovery of modified compounds or new targets that could represent great hope for safe and effective treatment in the future. Among them, targets in the CNS that are known to control feeding and body weight have been also shown to exert glucoregulatory actions, and could be a key in the development of a new generation of drugs in the field of T2D. Such drugs would be of great interest since they can be used both in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. This patent review aims to establish an overview of recent patents disclosing new therapeutic opportunities targeting peripheral, as well as central targets for the treatment of T2D.
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20
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Dong J, Guan HZ, Jiang ZY, Chen X. Nesfatin-1 influences the excitability of glucosensing neurons in the dorsal vagal complex and inhibits food intake. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98967. [PMID: 24906120 PMCID: PMC4048226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered metabolic peptide hormone that decreases food intake after lateral, third, or fourth brain ventricle; cisterna magna; or paraventricular nucleus (PVN) injection in ad libitum fed rats. Additional micro-injection studies will improve the understanding of how nesfatin-1 acts on the brain and define specific nuclei responsive to nesfatin-1, which will provide insight on its effects on food intake. We evaluated how nesfatin-1 injection into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) modulates food intake response in rats during the dark phase. Consistent with previous observations, nesfatin-1-injected rats significantly reduced cumulative food intake over a 5-h period in rats. Chronic administration of nesfatin-1 into the DVC reduced body weight gain over a 10-day period. Because glucosensing neurons in the DVC are involved in glucoprivic feeding and homeostatic control of blood glucose, we examined the effect of nesfatin-1 on the excitability of DVC glucosensing neurons. Nesfatin-1 inhibited most of the glucose-inhibitory (GI) neurons and excited most of the glucose-excitatory (GE) neurons in the DVC. Current-clamp electrophysiology recordings from DVC glucosensing neurons in slice preparation showed that bath applied nesfatin-1(10 nM) increased the firing frequency of GE neurons and inhibited the firing rate of GI-neurons. Nesfatin-1 inhibited 88.9% (16/18) of gastric distension inhibitory (GD-INH) neurons and excited 76.2% (32/42) of gastric distension excitatory (GD-EXC) neurons. Thus, nesfatin-1 may control food intake by modulating the excitability of glucosensing neurons in the DVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Zai Guan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng-Yao Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (ZYJ); (XC)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (ZYJ); (XC)
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21
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Stengel A, Mori M, Taché Y. The role of nesfatin-1 in the regulation of food intake and body weight: recent developments and future endeavors. Obes Rev 2013; 14:859-70. [PMID: 23980879 PMCID: PMC3810163 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was discovered in 2006 and introduced as a potential novel anorexigenic modulator of food intake and body weight. The past years have witnessed increasing evidence establishing nesfatin-1 as a potent physiological inhibitor of food intake and body weight and unravelled nesfatin-1's interaction with other brain transmitters to exert its food consumption inhibitory effect. As observed for other anorexigenic brain neuropeptides, nesfatin-1 is also likely to exert additional, if not pleiotropic, actions in the brain and periphery. Recent studies established the prominent expression of the nesfatin-1 precursor, nucleobindin2 (NUCB2), in the stomach and pancreas, where nesfatin-1 influences endocrine secretion. This review will highlight the current experimental state-of-knowledge on the effects of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 on food intake, body weight and glucose homeostasis. Potential implications in human obesity will be discussed in relation to the evidence of changes in circulating levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in disease states, the occurrence of genetic NUCB2 polymorphisms and--in contrast to several other hormones--the independence of leptin signalling known to be blunted under conditions of chronically increased body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Bonnet MS, Ouelaa W, Tillement V, Trouslard J, Jean A, Gonzalez BJ, Gourcerol G, Dallaporta M, Troadec JD, Mounien L. Gastric distension activates NUCB2/nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 187:17-23. [PMID: 24120633 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem structures such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX) are essential for the digestive function of the stomach. A large number of neurotransmitters including glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are involved in the central control of gastric functions. However, the neuropeptidergic systems implicated in this process remain undetermined. Nesfatin-1 was recently identified as a neuropeptide cleaved from the N-terminal part of NEFA/nucleobindin 2 precursor (NUCB2). Central administration of this neuropeptide inhibits food consumption and gastroduodenal motility in rodents. Interestingly, the NTS and the DMNX contain a dense population of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 cell bodies. These observations led us to investigate the possible involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the brainstem neuronal pathways that modulate gastric functions. We observed an activation of NTS NUCB2/nesfatinergic neurons after gastric distention in rats. In addition, we found that several NTS NUCB2/nesfatinergic neurons were GABAergic. Finally, when fluorogold was injected at the stomach level, many retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the DMNX which were also positive for NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Taken together, these observations suggest for the first time that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons of the NTS are sensitive to gastric distension and then may contribute to the satiety signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion S Bonnet
- Physiology and Physiopathology of Motor and Autonomic Nervous Systems (PPSN, EA4667), University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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23
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Abstract
The recently discovered nesfatin-1 is regulated by hunger and satiety. The precursor protein NUCB2 is proteolytically cleaved into three resulting fragments: nesfatin-1, nesfatin-2, and nesfatin-3. The middle segment of nesfatin-1 (M30) is responsible for limiting food intake, while the exact physiological role of nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-3 are not currently known yet. This hormone plays role/roles on diabetic hyperphagia, epilepsy, mood, stress, sleeping, anxiety, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and reproductive functions. This review will address nesfatin, focusing on its discovery and designation, biochemical structure, scientific evidence of its anorexigenic character, the results of the human and animal studies until the present day, its main biochemical and physiological effects, and its possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey,
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24
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Lents CA, Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Nonneman D, Heidorn NL, Cisse RS, Azain MJ. Effects of nesfatin-1 on food intake and LH secretion in prepubertal gilts and genomic association of the porcine NUCB2 gene with growth traits. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:89-97. [PMID: 23820242 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, a product of the nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) gene, purportedly plays important roles in whole-body energy homeostasis. Experiments were conducted to determine how NUCB2 expression in fat depots may be controlled in the pig and to test the hypothesis that nesfatin-1 regulates appetite and LH secretion in the gilt. Prepubertal gilts were used to study expression of NUCB2 in fat and the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of nesfatin-1 on food intake and pituitary hormone secretion. Growing pigs (gilts and barrows at 22 wk of age, n = 1,145) or sexually mature gilts (n = 439) were used to test association of SNP in the NUCB2 gene with growth traits. The expression of NUCB2 was similar for subcutaneous fat compared with perirenal fat. An i.c.v. injection of the melanocortin-4 receptor agonist [Nle⁴, d-Phe⁷]-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone did not alter expression of NUCB2 mRNA in the hypothalamus but reduced (P = 0.056) NUCB2 mRNA expression in subcutaneous fat. Short-term (7 d) submaintenance feeding reduced (P < 0.05) BW and did not alter expression of mRNA for NUCB2, visfatin, or leptin but increased (P < 0.05) expression of adiponectin mRNA in fat. Central injection of nesfatin-1 suppressed (P < 0.001) feed intake. Secretion of LH was greater (P < 0.01) after i.c.v. injection of nesfatin-1 than after saline. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the porcine NUCB2 gene were not associated with adiposity of growing pigs or age at puberty in gilts but were associated (P < 0.05) with BW at puberty. These data indicate that NUCB2 is expressed in fat depots of the pig and that the level of expression is sensitive to stimulation of appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamus. It is confirmed herein that nesfatin-1 can regulate appetite in the pig and affect the gonadotropic axis of the prepubertal pig. Association of SNP in the porcine NUCB2 gene with BW at puberty suggests that regulation of appetite by nesfatin-1 in the pig affects growth, which may have important consequences for adult phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lents
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US Meat Animal Research Center, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA.
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Cao X, Liu XM, Zhou LH. Recent progress in research on the distribution and function of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in peripheral tissues. Endocr J 2013; 60:1021-7. [PMID: 23955480 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a polypeptide derived from the posttranslational processing of the N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), that was originally identified as an anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide. A number of reports have recently shown that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is widely expressed in various peripheral tissues, including those of the gastrointestinal tract where it may participate in various pathophysiological processes. One of its roles may be regulation of energy homeostasis. As a result, nesfatin-1 may be a novel target for exploring the underlying mechanisms and the treatment of metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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