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Ye R, Wang A, Bu B, Luo P, Deng W, Zhang X, Yin S. Viral oncogenes, viruses, and cancer: a third-generation sequencing perspective on viral integration into the human genome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1333812. [PMID: 38188304 PMCID: PMC10768168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1333812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between viruses and cancer has intrigued scientists for decades. Certain viruses have been shown to be vital in the development of various cancers by integrating viral DNA into the host genome and activating viral oncogenes. These viruses include the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B and C Viruses (HBV and HCV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-1), which are all linked to the development of a myriad of human cancers. Third-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized our ability to study viral integration events at unprecedented resolution in recent years. They offer long sequencing capabilities along with the ability to map viral integration sites, assess host gene expression, and track clonal evolution in cancer cells. Recently, researchers have been exploring the application of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) nanopore sequencing and Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing in cancer research. As viral integration is crucial to the development of cancer via viruses, third-generation sequencing would provide a novel approach to studying the relationship interlinking viral oncogenes, viruses, and cancer. This review article explores the molecular mechanisms underlying viral oncogenesis, the role of viruses in cancer development, and the impact of third-generation sequencing on our understanding of viral integration into the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Ye
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Pathology Single-cell & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bronx, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Angelina Wang
- Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brady Bu
- Horace Mann School, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pengxiang Luo
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Pathology Single-cell & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bronx, NY, United States
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Ahmed K, Jha S. Oncoviruses: How do they hijack their host and current treatment regimes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188960. [PMID: 37507056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have the ability to modulate the cellular machinery of their host to ensure their survival. While humans encounter numerous viruses daily, only a select few can lead to disease progression. Some of these viruses can amplify cancer-related traits, particularly when coupled with factors like immunosuppression and co-carcinogens. The global burden of cancer development resulting from viral infections is approximately 12%, and it arises as an unfortunate consequence of persistent infections that cause chronic inflammation, genomic instability from viral genome integration, and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and host oncogenes involved in normal cell growth. This review provides an in-depth discussion of oncoviruses and their strategies for hijacking the host's cellular machinery to induce cancer. It delves into how viral oncogenes drive tumorigenesis by targeting key cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the review discusses current therapeutic approaches that have been approved or are undergoing clinical trials to combat malignancies induced by oncoviruses. Understanding the intricate interactions between viruses and host cells can lead to the development of more effective treatments for virus-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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3
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Sun R, Li J, Lin X, Yang Y, Liu B, Lan T, Xiao S, Deng A, Yin Z, Xu Y, Xiang Z, Wu B. Peripheral immune characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1079495. [PMID: 37077908 PMCID: PMC10106696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1079495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLiver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. As a chronic liver disease, many studies have shown that the immune response plays a key role in the progression of liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the high-risk factors for HCC, accounting for 50%–80% of HCC cases worldwide, and little is known about the immune status of HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC), therefore, we aimed to explore the changes in peripheral immunity in patients with HBV-HCC.MethodsIn this study, patients with HBV-HCC (n=26), patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (HBV-LC) (n=31) and healthy volunteers (n=49) were included. The lymphocytes and their subpopulation phenotypes in peripheral blood were characterized. In addition, we explored the effect of viral replication on peripheral immunity in patients with HCC and analyzed the circulating immunophenotypic characteristics at different stages of HCC with flow cytometry.ResultsFirstly, our results showed that the percentages of total αβ T cells in the peripheral blood of HBV-HCC patients was significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects. Secondly, we found that naïve CD4+ T cells in HBV-HCC patients were significantly reduced, terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells, homing memory CD8+ T cells and Th2 cells were increased in peripheral circulation in HBV-HCC patients. Moreover, in the peripheral blood of HBV-HCC patients, expression of TIGIT on CD4+ T cells and PD-1 on the surface of Vδ 1 T cells was increased. In addition, we found that sustained viral replication resulted in up-regulation of TIM3 expression on CD4+ T cells, and TIM3+ γδ T cells increased in peripheral circulation in patients with advanced HBV-HCC.ConclusionOur study showed that circulating lymphocytes in HBV-HCC patients exhibited features of immune exhaustion, especially in HCC patients with persistent viral replication and in patients with intermediate and advanced HBV-HCC, including decreased frequency of T cells and elevated expression of inhibitory receptors including TIGIT and TIM3 on CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells. Meanwhile, our research suggests that the combination of CD3+ T cell and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ T cell may be a potential diagnostic indicator for HBV-HCC. These findings could help us to better understand the immune characteristics of HBV-HCC and explore the immune mechanisms and immunotherapy strategies for HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianyi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianbi Lan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anyi Deng
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wu, ; Zheng Xiang, ; Yan Xu,
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wu, ; Zheng Xiang, ; Yan Xu,
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wu, ; Zheng Xiang, ; Yan Xu,
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4
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Oncolytic viruses as emerging therapy against cancers including Oncovirus-induced cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175393. [PMID: 36435236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are several human viruses with known potential for causing cancers including, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Human papillomavirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Cancer is the second leading cause of death that affects humans worldwide, especially in developing countries. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can cure about 60% of humans with cancer but recurrent and metastatic diseases remain a major reason for death. In recent years, understanding the molecular characteristics of cancer cells has led to the improvement of therapeutic strategies using novel emerging therapies. Oncolytic viruses with the potential of lysing cancer cells defined the field of oncolytic virology, hence becoming a biotechnology tool rather than just a cause of disease. This study mainly focused on targeting cell proliferation and death pathways in human tumor-inducing viruses by developing innovative therapies for cancer patients based on the natural oncolytic properties of reovirus. To kill tumor cells efficiently and reduce the chance of recurrence both the direct ability of reovirus infection to lyse the tumor cells and the stimulation of a potent host immune response are applied. Hence, bioengineered stem cells can be used as smart carriers to improve the efficacy of oncolytic reovirus and safety profiles.
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Computational identification of bioactive compounds from Cydonia oblonga Mill. against hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting pTEN and HBx-interacting protein. J Mol Model 2022; 28:191. [PMID: 35711004 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals derived from Cydonia oblonga have been investigated for their anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities in various cancer cell lines. The reported bioactive compounds are evaluated in silico to develop a novel antagonist against pTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and HBx (hepatitis B X-interacting protein) to target hepatocellular carcinoma. Lower expression of pTEN or higher expression of HBx represents the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. This research is intended to identify the best candidate who interacts with our target proteins (pTEN and HBx) from the quince seeds by using computational methodologies. The ternary structures of the proteins and phytochemicals are retrieved from the online databases (RCSB and PubChem). The drug likeness analysis of the reported seventeen compounds was done, but only five follow the selection criteria. ADMET profiling of these five compounds was done, followed by docking analysis and molecular dynamics study of the best complexes to determine the stability of the complexes. A docking study revealed that caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) derivatives have the significant inhibitory potential of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3CQA) and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5CQA) with binding affinity of - 7.53 and - 7.49 against pTEN and - 5.94 and - 6.01 against HBx in comparison to the doxorubicin. The average root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation values for protein-ligand complexes were found quite stable compared to the standard, while parameters like gyration and SASA (solvent-accessible surface area) supported the complexes significant binding and stability. The results obtained from the evaluation show that 3CQA and 5CQA have the best stability, especially with the pTEN protein target. Hence, these compounds have to be considered for detailed experimental studies to understand their biological function against hepato-carcinoma.
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A comprehensive analysis of FOX family in HCC and experimental evidence to support the oncogenic role of FOXH1. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2268-2286. [PMID: 35255005 PMCID: PMC8954963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Understanding about the molecular biology of HCC and development of targeted therapies are still the main focuses of this type of disease. Here, by connecting the expression levels of FOX proteins with their associated clinical characteristics using TCGA LIHC dataset, we found that 27/40 FOX proteins were highly expressed in HCC tumors compared to normal liver tissues and their expression levels were tightly associated with HCC tumor stage, tumor grade and overall survival. Our experimental results also confirmed that FOXH1 indeed played an oncogenic role in HCC development by promoting cell growth and cell migration/invasion. Mechanistic dissection demonstrated that FOXH1-induced cell growth and cell migration/invasion relied on mTOR signaling because inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin could attenuate FOXH1-mediated phenotypic alterations of HCC cells. The results from orthotopic mouse model also validated that FOXH1 promoted HA22T tumor growth via triggering mTOR activation. Overall, this study not only comprehensively examines the clinical values of FOX proteins in HCC but also provides experimental evidence to support the role of FOXH1 in HCC development, building rationale to develop more effective therapies to treat HCC patients.
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7
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Kellogg C, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Implications of viral infection in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188622. [PMID: 34478803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first human oncogenic virus in 1964, viruses have been studied for their potential role in aiding the development of cancer. Through the modulation of cellular pathways associated with proliferation, immortalization, and inflammation, viral proteins can mimic the effect of driver mutations and contribute to transformation. Aside from the modulation of signaling pathways, the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome and the deregulation of cellular miRNAs represent two additional mechanisms implicated in viral oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of twelve different viruses on cancer development and how these viruses utilize the abovementioned mechanisms to influence oncogenesis. The identification of specific mechanisms behind viral transformation of human cells could further elucidate the process behind cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kellogg
- REHS Program, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA.
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8
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Amin MN, Siddiqui SA, Ibrahim M, Hakim ML, Ahammed MS, Kabir A, Sultana F. Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120965752. [PMID: 33194199 PMCID: PMC7594225 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are highly inducible small glycoproteins or regulatory proteins of low molecular weight secreted by different cell types. They regulate intercellular communication and mediate a number of physiological functions in the human immune system. Numerous prospective studies report that inflammatory cytokines strongly predict coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other adverse cardiac events. Inflammatory cascade is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerotic process. Several aspects of atherogenesis are accelerated by cytokines. This article provides an overall overview of current understanding of cytokines in various cardiovascular events. Besides, inflammatory cytokines trigger cellular events that can induce malignancy and carcinogenesis. Elevated expression of several cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor-β are involved in tumor initiation and progression. Thus, they exert a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of several cytokines in various events of tumorigenesis. Actually, this article summarizes the contributions of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ibrahim
- College of Medicine, University of South
Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Md Lukman Hakim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salim Ahammed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Azparren-Angulo M, Royo F, Gonzalez E, Liebana M, Brotons B, Berganza J, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Manicardi N, Abad-Jordà L, Gracia-Sancho J, Falcon-Perez JM. Extracellular vesicles in hepatology: Physiological role, involvement in pathogenesis, and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107683. [PMID: 32961265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first descriptions of hepatocyte-released exosome-like vesicles in 2008, the number of publications describing Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) released by liver cells in the context of hepatic physiology and pathology has grown exponentially. This growing interest highlights both the importance that cell-to-cell communication has in the organization of multicellular organisms from a physiological point of view, as well as the opportunity that these circulating organelles offer in diagnostics and therapeutics. In the present review, we summarize systematically and comprehensively the myriad of works that appeared in the last decade and lighted the discussion about the best opportunities for using EVs in liver disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azparren-Angulo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Marc Liebana
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Bruno Brotons
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Jesús Berganza
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicoló Manicardi
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Abad-Jordà
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain; Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital & University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia 48015, Spain.
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10
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Zahran AM, Hetta HF, Rayan A, Eldin AS, Hassan EA, Fakhry H, Soliman A, El-Badawy O. Differential expression of Tim-3, PD-1, and CCR5 on peripheral T and B lymphocytes in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and their impact on treatment outcomes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1253-1263. [PMID: 32170378 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Activation of the immune checkpoints and expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors have been reported to promote HCC progression. This study aimed to assess the differential expression of Tim-3, PD-1, and CCR5 on peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with HCV-related HCC and correlate their expression with the treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study incorporated 40 patients with chronic HCV-related HCC and 40 healthy controls. Patients were radiologically assessed for hepatic focal lesions and portal vein thrombosis. Response to HCC treatment and overall survival (OS) outcomes were determined. The expression of Tim-3, PD-1, and CCR5 among CD19+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Higher frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ cells expressing each of Tim-3 and PD-1 and PD-1+CD19+ cells were observed in the HCV-related HCC patients in comparison with controls. The highest expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 was by the CD8+ cells. Strong relations were detected among PD-1+CD19+, PD-1+CD4+ and PD-1+CD8+ cells. Elevated levels of PD-1+ lymphocytes were significantly associated with poor treatment response and shorter OS. CONCLUSION Modulation of the expression of immune checkpoints as Tim-3 and PD-1, and of CCR5 on T cells is somehow related to HCC. CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 were the most relevant to HCC prognosis (OS and treatment response) and could represent a promising target for immune therapy against HCC. Future studies need to focus on exploring PD-1+ B cells and Tim-3+CD4+ cells, which seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sharaf Eldin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elham Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hussein Fakhry
- Surgical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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11
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Shahid M, Idrees M, Butt AM, Raza SM, Amin I, Rasul A, Afzal S. Blood-based gene expression profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant genes for identifying surrogate markers of liver tissue injury in chronic hepatitis C patients. Arch Virol 2020; 165:809-822. [PMID: 32103340 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the process by which reactive molecules and free radicals are formed in cells. In this study, we report the blood-based gene expression profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant genes for identifying surrogate markers of liver tissue in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients by using real-time PCR. A total of 144 untreated patients diagnosed with CHC having genotype 3a and 20 healthy controls were selected for the present study. Liver biopsy staging and grading of CHC patients were performed using the METAVIR score. Total RNA was extracted from liver tissue and blood samples, followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR. The relative expression of genes was calculated using the ΔΔCt method. The expression profile of 84 genes associated with oxidative stress and antioxidants was determined in liver tissue and blood samples. In liver tissue, 46 differentially expressed genes (upregulated, 27; downregulated, 19) were identified in CHC patients compared to normal samples. In blood, 61 genes (upregulated, 51; downregulated; 10) were significantly expressed in CHC patients. A comparison of gene expression in liver and whole blood showed that 20 genes were expressed in a similar manner in the liver and blood. The expression levels of commonly expressed liver and blood-based genes were also correlated with clinical factors in CHC patients. A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis of oxidative stress genes (ALB, CAT, DHCR24, GPX7, PRDX5, and MBL2) showed that infections in patients with CHC can be distinguished from healthy controls. In conclusion, blood-based gene expression can reflect the behavior of oxidative stress genes in liver tissue, and this blood-based gene expression study in CHC patients explores new blood-based non-invasive biomarkers that represent liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Mehmood Butt
- Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Bioscience, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohsin Raza
- Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Science, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Amin
- Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afza Rasul
- Department of Statistic, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samia Afzal
- Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Melo RCN, Raas MWD, Palazzi C, Neves VH, Malta KK, Silva TP. Whole Slide Imaging and Its Applications to Histopathological Studies of Liver Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:310. [PMID: 31970160 PMCID: PMC6960181 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological analysis of hepatic tissue specimens is essential for evaluating the pathology of several liver disorders such as chronic liver diseases, hepatocellular carcinomas, liver steatosis, and infectious liver diseases. Manual examination of histological slides on the microscope is a classically used method to study these disorders. However, it is considered time-consuming, limited, and associated with intra- and inter-observer variability. Emerging technologies such as whole slide imaging (WSI), also termed virtual microscopy, have increasingly been used to improve the assessment of histological features with applications in both clinical and research laboratories. WSI enables the acquisition of the tissue morphology/pathology from glass slides and translates it into a digital form comparable to a conventional microscope, but with several advantages such as easy image accessibility and storage, portability, sharing, annotation, qualitative and quantitative image analysis, and use for educational purposes. WSI-generated images simultaneously provide high resolution and a wide field of observation that can cover the entire section, extending any single field of view. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the application of WSI to histopathological analyses of liver disorders as well as to understand liver biology. We address how WSI may improve the assessment and quantification of multiple histological parameters in the liver, and help diagnose several hepatic conditions with important clinical implications. The WSI technical limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Maximilian W D Raas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cinthia Palazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Neves
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Kássia K Malta
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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13
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Deregulated Lysophosphatidic Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111626. [PMID: 31652837 PMCID: PMC6893780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to late diagnosis and scarcity of treatment options. The major risk factor for liver cancer is cirrhosis with the underlying causes of cirrhosis being viral infection (hepatitis B or C), metabolic deregulation (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the presence of obesity and diabetes), alcohol or cholestatic disorders. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid with numerous effects, most of them compatible with the hallmarks of cancer (proliferation, migration, invasion, survival, evasion of apoptosis, deregulated metabolism, neoangiogenesis, etc.). Autotaxin (ATX) is the enzyme responsible for the bulk of extracellular LPA production, and together with LPA signaling is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, fibrosis and cancer. This review discusses the most important findings and the mechanisms related to ATX/LPA/LPAR involvement on metabolic, viral and cholestatic liver disorders and their progression to liver cancer in the context of human patients and mouse models. It focuses on the role of ATX/LPA in NAFLD development and its progression to liver cancer as NAFLD has an increasing incidence which is associated with the increasing incidence of liver cancer. Bearing in mind that adipose tissue accounts for the largest amount of LPA production, many studies have implicated LPA in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, liver steatosis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and lipogenesis. At the same time, LPA and ATX play crucial roles in fibrotic diseases. Given that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually developed on the background of liver fibrosis, therapies that both delay the progression of fibrosis and prevent its development to malignancy would be very promising. Therefore, ATX/LPA signaling appears as an attractive therapeutic target as evidenced by the fact that it is involved in both liver fibrosis progression and liver cancer development.
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14
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Abstract
Liver diseases that are caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have become increasingly important in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as their life expectancy is getting longer with successful anti-HIV therapy. Due to their shared transmission routes, dual infection by HIV and HBV or HIV and HCV, and triple infection by all three viruses are fairly common and affect millions of people worldwide. Whereas the immunodeficiency caused by HIV enhances the likelihood of HBV and HCV persistence, hepatotoxicity associated with anti-HIV therapy can worsen the liver diseases associated with HBV or HCV persistence. Evidence suggests HIV infection increases the risk of HBV- or HCV-associated HCC risk although the precise mechanisms of enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. Recent success in curing HCV infection, and the availability of therapeutic options effective in long-term suppression of both HIV and HBV replication, bring hope, fortunately, to those who are coinfected but also highlight the need for judicious selection of antiviral therapies.
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15
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Valean S, Acalovschi M, Dumitrascu DL, Ciobanu L, Nagy G, Chira R. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with autoimmune hepatitis - a systematic review of the literature published between 1989-2016. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:99-105. [PMID: 31086834 PMCID: PMC6510357 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Liver cancer is one of the most common cause of deaths from cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was reported at a frequency of 7% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) - related cirrhosis in 1988. We aimed to provide a systematic literature review on the frequency of HCC in patients with AIH, after the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV), in order to avoid any possible confounding etiology. Methods A literature search of the PubMed database between 1989–2016 was performed, using the relevant keywords “hepatocellular carcinoma” and “autoimmune hepatitis”. We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines during the preparation of this review. Results Eleven studies (n=8,460 patients with AIH) were retained for the final analysis. HCC was diagnosed in 0–12.3% of the AIH patients included in these studies. The overall occurrence of HCC in patients with AIH was estimated in two studies, at 5.1% and 6.2%, respectively. In patients with AIH and cirrhosis, the percentage of HCC varied between 0.2%–12.3%. The proportion of HCC in patients with AIH without cirrhosis was estimated at 1.03%. The percentage of cirrhosis in AIH patients varied from 18.7% to 83.3% in Japan, and from 12% to 50.2% in the other areas. The mean follow-up of the patients with AIH was of 10 years. Conclusions The development of HCC in patients with AIH appeared to be similar before and after the discovery of HCV, and it was mainly associated to cirrhosis. The number of patients developing cirrhosis in relation with AIH was impressive. The long evolution of AIH to cirrhosis and, eventually, to HCC, has been be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Valean
- Medical Clinic no. 1, Department of Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Acalovschi
- Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Medical Clinic no. 2, Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lidia Ciobanu
- Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Georgiana Nagy
- Medical Clinic no. 1, Department of Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romeo Chira
- Medical Clinic no. 1, Department of Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Aghamiri S, Jafarpour A, Gomari MM, Ghorbani J, Rajabibazl M, Payandeh Z. siRNA nanotherapeutics: a promising strategy for anti‐HBV therapy. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:457-463. [PMCID: PMC8676379 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis worldwide. In spite of the numerous advances in the treatment of CHB, drugs and vaccines have failed because of many factors like complexity, resistance, toxicity, and heavy cost. New RNA interference (RNAi)‐based technologies have developed innovative strategies to target Achilles' heel of the several hazardous diseases involving cancer, some genetic disease, autoimmune illnesses, and viral disorders particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Naked siRNA delivery has serious challenges including failure to cross the cell membrane, susceptibility to the enzymatic digestion, and excretion by renal filtration, which ideally can be addressed by nanoparticle‐mediated delivery systems. cccDNA formation is a significant problem in obtaining HBV infections complete cure because of strength, durability, and lack of proper immune response. Nano‐siRNA drugs have a great potential to address this problem by silencing specific genes which are involved in cccDNA formation. In this article, the authors describe siRNA nanocarrier‐mediated delivery systems as a promising new strategy for HBV infections therapy. Simultaneously, the authors completely represent the clinical trials which use these strategies for treatment of the HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aghamiri
- Student research committeeDepartment of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Students' Scientific Research CenterVirology DivisionDepartment of PathobiologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Jaber Ghorbani
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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17
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Lin S, Huang Y, Yang H. On identification of agonistic interaction: Hepatitis B and C interaction on hepatocellular carcinoma. Stat Med 2019; 38:2467-2476. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Hsuan Lin
- Institute of StatisticsNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hwai‐I Yang
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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18
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Falcon T, Freitas M, Mello AC, Coutinho L, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Matte U. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas Data Reveals Novel Putative ncRNAs Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2864120. [PMID: 30046591 PMCID: PMC6038674 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2864120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the prevalent type of primary liver malignancy. Different noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression, such as the microRNAs and the long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), have been associated with cell invasiveness and cell dissemination, tumor recurrence, and metastasis in HCC. To evaluate which regulatory ncRNAs might be good candidates to disrupt HCC proliferation pathways, we performed both unsupervised and supervised analyses of HCC expression data, comparing samples of solid tumor tissue (TP) and adjacent tissue (NT) of a set of patients, focusing on ncRNAs and searching for common mechanisms that may shed light in future therapeutic options. All analyses were performed using the R software. Differential expression (total RNA and miRNA) and enrichment analyses (Gene Ontology + Pathways) were performed using the package TCGABiolinks. As a result, we improved the set of lncRNAs that could be the target of future studies in HCC, highlighting the potential of FAM170B-AS1 and TTN-AS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Falcon
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Martiela Freitas
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Mello
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduation Program on Biotechnology/Bioinformatics, UFRGS, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Coutinho
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduation Program on Biotechnology/Bioinformatics, UFRGS, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mario R. Alvares-da-Silva
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Suhail M, Sohrab SS, Qureshi A, Tarique M, Abdel-Hafiz H, Al-Ghamdi K, Qadri I. Association of HCV mutated proteins and host SNPs in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:160-172. [PMID: 29501636 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus plays a significant role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. The pathogenic mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma with HCV infection are generally linked with inflammation, cytokines, fibrosis, cellular signaling pathways, and liver cell proliferation modulating pathways. HCV encoded proteins (Core, NS3, NS4, NS5A) interact with a broad range of hepatocytes derived factors to modulate an array of activities such as cell signaling, DNA repair, transcription and translational regulation, cell propagation, apoptosis, membrane topology. These four viral proteins are also implicated to show a strong conversion potential in tissue culture. Furthermore, Core and NS5A also trigger the accretion of the β-catenin pathway as a common target to contribute viral induced transformation. There is a strong association between HCV variants within Core, NS4, and NS5A and host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the HCC pathogenesis. Identification of such viral mutants and host SNPs is very critical to determine the risk of HCC and response to antiviral therapy. In this review, we highlight the association of key variants, mutated proteins, and host SNPs in development of HCV induced HCC. How such viral mutants may modulate the interaction with cellular host machinery is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Qureshi
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Mohd Tarique
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Hany Abdel-Hafiz
- Dept of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Khalid Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Ikeda S, Lim JS, Kurzrock R. Analysis of Tissue and Circulating Tumor DNA by Next-Generation Sequencing of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Targeted Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1114-1122. [PMID: 29483209 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has limited treatment options. Molecular analysis of its mutational landscape may enable the identification of novel therapies. However, biopsy is not routinely performed in HCC. The utility of analyzing cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) is not established. We performed 32 ctDNA NGS analyses on 26 patients; 10 of these patients had tissue NGS (236 to 626 genes). ctDNA was evaluated using an assay that detects single nucleotide variants, amplifications, fusions, and specific insertion/deletion alterations in 54 to 70 genes. The ctDNA demonstrated that 23 of 26 patients (88.5%) had ≥1 characterized alteration, and all these individuals had ≥1 potentially actionable alteration. The most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (16 of 26 patients, 61.5%). There were 47 unique characterized molecular alterations among 18 total gene alterations [variants of unknown significance (VUS) excluded)]. ctDNA and tissue NGS frequently showed different profiles, perhaps due to length of time between tissue and blood samples [median = 370 days (range, 29 to 876 days)]. Serial ctDNA evaluation in an illustrative patient treated with capecitabine demonstrated emergence of a new TP53 alteration after progression. In conclusion, ctDNA profiling is feasible in advanced HCC, and serial assessment using ctDNA NGS can reveal genomic changes with time. NGS of ctDNA provides a minimally invasive alternative for identifying potentially actionable gene alterations and potential molecular targeted therapies. Dynamic changes in molecular portfolio associated with therapeutic pressure in difficult-to-biopsy patients can be observed. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1114-22. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadakatsu Ikeda
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California. .,Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jordan S Lim
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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21
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Liu Z, Song C, Wen J, Xu L, Liu Y, Zhu J, Zhu L, Hu Z, Ma H, Liu L. Hepatitis B virus genotypes, expression quantitative trait loci for ZNRD1-AS1 and their interactions in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44076-44083. [PMID: 27286450 PMCID: PMC5190080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in zinc ribbon domain-containing 1 antisense RNA 1 (ZNRD1-AS1) have been reported to be associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We sought to determine the influences of ZNRD1-AS1 polymorphisms and their interactions with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes on the risk of HCC. In this study, we conducted a large population case-control study with 1,507 HBV-related HCC cases and 1,560 HBV persistent carriers. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZNRD1-AS1 (rs3757328, rs6940552 and rs9261204) were genotyped using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay, and the HBV genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR. We found consistently significant associations between the ZNRD1-AS1 rs6940552 and rs9261204 SNPs with an increased risk of HCC (additive genetic model: adjusted OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03-1.32 for rs6940552; adjusted OR =1.20, 95% CI = 1.06-1.35 for rs9261204) and found a borderline association between rs3757328 and HCC risk. Besides, we observed a dose-dependent relationship between increasing numbers of variant alleles of the SNPs and HCC risk (P for trend <0.001). Moreover, we observed a stronger combined effect of the three SNPs on HCC risk among the subjects infected with non-B genotype HBV (adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05-1.50) compared with HBV B-related genotypes (adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.69-1.15; P= 0.029 for heterogeneity test). We also found that a multiplicative interaction between the variant alleles and the HBV genotype significantly affected HCC susceptibility (P = 0.030). Together, these results indicate that ZNRD1-AS1 may influence HCC risk accompanied by HBV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, The First People's Hospital of Qidong, Qidong, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Infection Diseases, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Fernández-Ponce C, Durán-Ruiz MC, Narbona-Sánchez I, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Serna-Sanz A, Baumann C, Litrán R, Aguado E, Bloch W, García-Cozar F. Ultrastructural Localization and Molecular Associations of HCV Capsid Protein in Jurkat T Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2595. [PMID: 29354102 PMCID: PMC5758585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus core protein is a highly basic viral protein that multimerizes with itself to form the viral capsid. When expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes, it can induce modifications in several essential cellular and biological networks. To shed light on the mechanisms underlying the alterations caused by the viral protein, we have analyzed HCV-core subcellular localization and its associations with host proteins in Jurkat T cells. In order to investigate the intracellular localization of Hepatitis C virus core protein, we have used a lentiviral system to transduce Jurkat T cells and subsequently localize the protein using immunoelectron microscopy techniques. We found that in Jurkat T cells, Hepatitis C virus core protein mostly localizes in the nucleus and specifically in the nucleolus. In addition, we performed pull-down assays combined with Mass Spectrometry Analysis, to identify proteins that associate with Hepatitis C virus core in Jurkat T cells. We found proteins such as NOLC1, PP1γ, ILF3, and C1QBP implicated in localization and/or traffic to the nucleolus. HCV-core associated proteins are implicated in RNA processing and RNA virus infection as well as in functions previously shown to be altered in Hepatitis C virus core expressing CD4+ T cells, such as cell cycle delay, decreased proliferation, and induction of a regulatory phenotype. Thus, in the current work, we show the ultrastructural localization of Hepatitis C virus core and the first profile of HCV core associated proteins in T cells, and we discuss the functions and interconnections of these proteins in molecular networks where relevant biological modifications have been described upon the expression of Hepatitis C virus core protein. Thereby, the current work constitutes a necessary step toward understanding the mechanisms underlying HCV core mediated alterations that had been described in relevant biological processes in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria C Durán-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isaac Narbona-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mikel M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Litrán
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Enrique Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Francisco García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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23
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Khalid A, Hussain T, Manzoor S, Saalim M, Khaliq S. PTEN: A potential prognostic marker in virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khalid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabinda Hussain
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saalim
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Fernández-Ponce C, Dominguez-Villar M, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Litrán R, Aguado E, García-Cozar F. Immune modulation by the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:350-356. [PMID: 28092420 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently the most important cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the world and one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation. HCV uses different strategies to evade the innate and adaptive immune response, and this evasion plays a key role in determining viral persistence. Several HCV viral proteins have been described as immune modulators. In this review, we will focus on the effect of HCV nucleocapsid core protein in the function of immune cells and its correlation with the findings observed in HCV chronically infected patients. Effects on immune cell function related to both extracellular and intracellular HCV core localization will be considered. This review provides an updated perspective on the mechanisms involved in HCV evasion related to one single HCV protein, which could become a key tool in the development of new antiviral strategies able to control and/or eradicate HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Dominguez-Villar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Human Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St. 353D, New Haven, 06520, CT
| | - J P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - M M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - R Litrán
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - F García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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25
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Casciano JC, Duchemin NJ, Lamontagne RJ, Steel LF, Bouchard MJ. Hepatitis B virus modulates store-operated calcium entry to enhance viral replication in primary hepatocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168328. [PMID: 28151934 PMCID: PMC5289456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses modulate calcium (Ca2+) signaling to create a cellular environment that is more permissive to viral replication, but for most viruses that regulate Ca2+ signaling, the mechanism underlying this regulation is not well understood. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBx protein modulates cytosolic Ca2+ levels to stimulate HBV replication in some liver cell lines. A chronic HBV infection is associated with life-threatening liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and HBx modulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels could have an important role in HBV pathogenesis. Whether HBx affects cytosolic Ca2+ in a normal hepatocyte, the natural site of an HBV infection, has not been addressed. Here, we report that HBx alters cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in cultured primary hepatocytes. We used single cell Ca2+ imaging of cultured primary rat hepatocytes to demonstrate that HBx elevates the cytosolic Ca2+ level in hepatocytes following an IP3-linked Ca2+ response; HBx effects were similar when expressed alone or in the context of replicating HBV. HBx elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ level required extracellular Ca2+ influx and store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) entry and stimulated HBV replication in hepatocytes. We used both targeted RT-qPCR and transcriptome-wide RNAseq analyses to compare levels of SOC channel components and other Ca2+ signaling regulators in HBV-expressing and control hepatocytes and show that the transcript levels of these various proteins are not affected by HBV. We also show that HBx regulation of SOC-regulated Ca2+ accumulation is likely the consequence of HBV modulation of a SOC channel regulatory mechanism. In support of this, we link HBx enhancement of SOC-regulated Ca2+ accumulation to Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria and demonstrate that HBx stimulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in primary hepatocytes. The results of our study may provide insights into viral mechanisms that affect Ca2+ signaling to regulate viral replication and virus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Casciano
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Duchemin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. Jason Lamontagne
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura F. Steel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Ezzat WM, Amr KS. Insights for hepatitis C virus related hepatocellular carcinoma genetic biomarkers: Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1251-1261. [PMID: 27843535 PMCID: PMC5084054 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i30.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current review explores the role of emerging molecular contributing factors in liver carcinogenesis on top of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here we will try to discuss the role genetic and epigenetic factors in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the role of these factors will help in discovering the mystery of liver carcinogenesis on top of chronic HCV infection. Moreover, use of the studied molecular factors will provide the hepatologists with tailored diagnostic promising biomarkers and flatten the way for establishment of emerging molecular treatment based on exploring the molecular subscription of this aggressive liver cancer.
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27
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Yu R, Xiang X, Tan Z, Zhou Y, Wang H, Deng G. Efficacy of PIVKA-II in prediction and early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a nested case-control study in Chinese patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35050. [PMID: 27731353 PMCID: PMC5059731 DOI: 10.1038/srep35050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfying due to a lack of early detecting methods. Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) has been proved to be an efficient biomarker for HCC. However, the predicting efficacy of PIVKA-II has barely been reported. In the Hepatitis Biobank of Southwest Hospital (HBS) cohort at Southwest Hospital, we did a two-stage nested case-control study. Totally, 45 HCC cases versus 138 matched controls were enrolled to compare levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and PIVKA-II in sequential sera at −12, −9, −6, −3 and 0 months before imaging diagnosis. Levels of both PIVKA-II and AFP in HCC cases elevated significantly at all time points compared with controls. In validation stage, the sensitivity and specificity of PIVKA-II at baseline were 58.3% and 92.6%, and AFP were 75.0% and 91.7%. AFP-/PIVKA-II+ patients covered 27.4%, 29.4% and 19.6% at M-12, M-6 and M-0, respectively, while AFP+/PIVKA-II- patients covered 25.5%, 19.6% and 17.7%, respectively. Both PIVKA-II and AFP have the potential for HCC prediction, while PIVKA-II has a better positive rate than AFP before diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoliang Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Khoshnaw N, Mohammed HA, Abdullah DA. Patterns of Cancer in Kurdistan - Results of Eight Years Cancer Registration in Sulaymaniyah Province-Kurdistan-Iraq. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8525-31. [PMID: 26745112 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has become a major health problem associated with high mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence rates of different types of cancer in Sulaymaniyah from January-2006 to January-2014. The data were compared with those reported for other middle east countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study depended on data collected from Hiwa hospital cancer registry unit, death records and histopathology reports in all Sulaymaniyah teaching hospitals, using international classification of diseases. RESULTS A total of 8,031 cases were registered during the eight year period, the annual incidence rate in all age groups rose from 38 to 61.7 cases/100,000 population/year, with averages over 50 in males and 50.7 in females. The male to female ratio in all age groups were 0.98, while in the pediatric age group it was 1.33. The hematological malignancies in all age groups accounted for 20% but in the pediatric group around half of all cancer cases. Pediatric cancers were occluding 7% of total cancers with rates of 10.3 in boys and 8.7 in girls. The commonest malignancies by primary site were leukemia, lymphoma, brain, kidney and bone. In males in all age groups they were lung, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, prostate, bladder, brain, stomach, carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and skin, while in females they were breast, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, ovary, lung, brain, CUP, and stomach. Most cancers were increased with increasing age except breast cancer where decrease was noted in older ages. High mortality rates were found with leukemia, lung, lymphoma, colorectal, breast and stomach cancers. CONCLUSIONS We here found an increase in annual cancer incidence rates across the period of study, because of increase of cancer with age and higher rates of hematological malignancies. Our study is valuable for Kurdistan and Iraq because it provides more accurate data about the exact patterns of cancer and mortality in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmaddin Khoshnaw
- Department of Hematology, Hiwa Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq E-mail :
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29
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Högfeldt T, Jaing C, Loughlin KM, Thissen J, Gardner S, Bahnassy AA, Gharizadeh B, Lundahl J, Österborg A, Porwit A, Zekri ARN, Khaled HM, Mellstedt H, Moshfegh A. Differential expression of viral agents in lymphoma tissues of patients with ABC diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from high and low endemic infectious disease regions. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2782-2788. [PMID: 27698858 PMCID: PMC5038175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in adults, accounts for approximately 30-40% of newly diagnosed lymphomas worldwide. Environmental factors, such as viruses and bacteria, may contribute to cancer development through chronic inflammation and the integration of oncogenes, and have previously been indicated in cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer and lymphoproliferative disorders. In the present study, the presence of microbial agents was analyzed in the lymphoma tissue of patients with activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCL. The present study compared two groups of patients from geographically varied regions that possess a difference in the prevalence of viral and other microbial agents. The patient populations were from Sweden (a low endemic infectious disease region) and Egypt (a high endemic infectious disease region). A differential expression of several viruses in lymphoma tissues was noted when comparing Swedish and Egyptian patients. JC polyomavirus (JCV) was detected in Swedish and Egyptian patients and, uniquely, the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome was detected only in Egyptian lymphoma patients. None of these viruses were detected in control lymph tissues from Sweden or Egypt. In total, 38% of the Egyptian patients were found to have HBV surface antigens (HBsAgs) in their serum; however, HBsAgs were not found in any of the Swedish patients. The percentage of serum HBsAgs in Egyptian patients with ABC DLBCL was significantly increased compared with the general Egyptian population (P<0.05). The present study may support a notion that viral agents, including JCV and HBV, may be involved in the tumorigenesis of DLBCL in regions of high infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Högfeldt
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Crystal Jaing
- Chemistry, Materials, Earth and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Kevin Mc Loughlin
- Computation, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - James Thissen
- Chemistry, Materials, Earth and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Shea Gardner
- Computation, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Abeer A. Bahnassy
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Baback Gharizadeh
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Joachim Lundahl
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Porwit
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Hussein M. Khaled
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Milićević D, Nastasijevic I, Petrovic Z. Mycotoxin in the food supply chain-implications for public health program. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:293-319. [PMID: 27717290 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1236607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxic chemical substances, produced mainly by microscopic filamentous fungal species. Regarding potential synergisms or even mitigating effects between toxic elements, mycotoxin contamination will continue to be an area of concern for producers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, researchers, and consumers in the future. In Serbia, recent drought and then flooding confirmed that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change. In this article, we review key aspects of mycotoxin contamination of the food supply chain and implications for public health from the Serbian perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Milićević
- a Institute of Meat Hygiene an Technology , Kaćanskog , R. Serbia
| | - I Nastasijevic
- a Institute of Meat Hygiene an Technology , Kaćanskog , R. Serbia
| | - Z Petrovic
- a Institute of Meat Hygiene an Technology , Kaćanskog , R. Serbia
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31
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Han P, Sun D, Yang J. Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:267-276. [PMID: 27588170 PMCID: PMC4998044 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral disease that is highly prevalent worldwide, with a prevalence of 30–50% of the population in developed countries, but only ~10% present with severe forms. It is also estimated that periodontitis results in worldwide productivity losses amounting to ~54 billion USD yearly. In addition to the damage it causes to oral health, periodontitis also affects other types of disease. Numerous studies have confirmed the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, respiratory disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence also indicated that periodontitis may participate in the progression of liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as affecting liver transplantation. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no reviews elaborating upon the possible links between periodontitis and liver diseases. Therefore, the current review summarizes the human trials and animal experiments that have been conducted to investigate the correlation between periodontitis and liver diseases. Furthermore, in the present review, certain mechanisms that have been postulated to be responsible for the role of periodontitis in liver diseases (such as bacteria, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress) are considered. The aim of the review is to introduce the hypothesis that periodontitis may be important in the progression of liver disease, thus providing dentists and physicians with an improved understanding of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Han
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, P.R. China
| | - Dianxing Sun
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Public Healthcare, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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32
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Koh WP, Dan YY, Goh GBB, Jin A, Wang R, Yuan JM. Dietary fatty acids and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Singapore Chinese health study. Liver Int 2016; 36:893-901. [PMID: 26443688 PMCID: PMC4824657 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Lipidomic signature of lipid metabolism suggests that omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may play a role in oncogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, we examined the association between dietary fatty acids and risk of HCC. METHODS We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 63 257 Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years enrolled between 1993 and 1998. Information on current diet assessed via a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, medical history and lifestyle factors were obtained through in-person interview, and incidence of HCC recorded through 31 Dec 2010. We also examined the association between dietary fatty acids and HCC risk using a case-control set of 92 cases and 274 controls with available serological biomarkers of chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) nested within this cohort. RESULTS Among the dietary fat components examined, which included saturated, monounsaturated, omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, only omega-6 PUFA intake displayed a dose-dependent, positive association with HCC risk (p for trend = 0.02). Compared to the lowest quartile, the hazard ratio for the highest quartile intake was 1.49 [(95% confidence interval (CI):1.08-2.07)]. In the nested case-control study, only among individuals negative for serology markers of chronic infection with HBV or HCV, those who consumed above median levels of dietary omega-6 PUFA had increased HCC risk (odds ratio = 4.36, 95% CI = 1.59-11.94) compared to those with lower intake. CONCLUSION Dietary omega-6 PUFA may be implicated in the risk of non-viral hepatitis related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549
| | - Yock Young Dan
- University Medicine Cluster, Division of Gastroenterology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - George Boon-Bee Goh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608
| | - Aizhen Jin
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Health Promotion Board, Singapore 168937
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania, PA 15232 USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania, PA 15232 USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15261, USA
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33
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Song C, Liu Y, Xu L, Wen J, Jiang D, Chen J, Zhai X, Hu Z, Liu L, Liu J. Hepatitis B virus mutations, expression quantitative trait loci for PTPN12, and their interactions in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1687-93. [PMID: 27075395 PMCID: PMC4944896 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we identified that HBV(Hepatitis B virus) sequence variation, which may interact with host human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic variation, could influence host risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More HBV‐host interactions need to be identified. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12), serves as an antagonist to tyrosine kinase signaling, may play integral roles in immune response against HBV infection and the development of HCC. Rs11485985 was an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for PTPN12 by bioinformatics analyses. In this study, we genotyped the PTPN12 eQTL and sequenced the HBV region EnhII/BCP/PC in a case–control cohort including 1507 HBV‐related HCC cases and 1560 HBV persistent carriers as controls. The variant genotype GG of rs11489585 increased HCC risk compared to the HBV persistent carriers (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CIs] = 1.30–3.18). We also detected borderline significant associations of PTPN12 eQTL rs11489585 with HBV mutations (P = 0.05 for G1799C). Taken together, PTPN12 may influence HCC risk accompanied by HBV mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiangjun Zhai
- Department of Infection Diseases, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Li Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
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34
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Diagnostic Evaluation of Des-Gamma-Carboxy Prothrombin versus α-Fetoprotein for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China: A Large-Scale, Multicentre Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153227. [PMID: 27070780 PMCID: PMC4829182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently lacking and requires intensive exploration. We aimed to evaluate the performance of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for identifying hepatitis B virus-related HCC in a large, multicentre study in China. A total of 1034 subjects in three cohorts (A, B, and C) including HCC and various non-HCC controls were enrolled from 4 academic medical centers in China from January 2011 to February 2014. Blind parallel detections were conducted for DCP and AFP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies. In cohort A, which comprised 521 subjects, including patients with HCC, liver metastasis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and liver hemangiomas as well as healthy controls (HCs), the accuracy of DCP for distinguishing HCC from various controls was 6.2–9.7% higher than that of AFP. In cohort B, which comprised 447 subjects, including patients with HCC, LC, and chronic hepatitis B as well as HC, the accuracy of DCP was further elevated (12.3–20.67% higher than that of AFP). The superiority of DCP to AFP was more profound in the surveillance of early HCC [AUC 0.837 (95% CI: 0.771–0.903) vs. 0.650 (0.555–0.745)] and AFP-negative HCC [AUC: 0.856 (0.798–0.914)] and in discriminating HCC from LC (accuracy: 92.9% vs.64.71%). Higher DCP levels were associated with worse clinical behaviors and shorter disease-free survival. DCP not only is complementary to AFP in identifying AFP-negative HCC and in excluding AFP-positive non-HCC (liver cirrhosis), but also demonstrates improved performance in HCC surveillance, early diagnosis, treatment response and recurrence monitoring in the HBV-related population.
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35
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Lee S, Rhim H, Kim YS, Kang TW, Song KD. Post-ablation des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level predicts prognosis in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2016; 36:580-7. [PMID: 26503910 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated whether pre- or post-ablation serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) levels can predict prognosis in patients with curative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We retrospectively analysed 412 patients with HBV-related single HCC treated with percutaneous RFA between January 2004 and December 2013. AFP and DCP levels were measured before (pre-ablation) and 1 month after treatment (post-ablation). We assessed predictive factors for overall and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS On univariate analysis, Child-Pugh score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, platelet count, tumour size, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, and pre- and post-ablation DCP were significant for overall survival; and age, Child-Pugh score, MELD score, platelet count, tumour size, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score, BCLC stage, and pre- and post-ablation AFP and DCP were significant for recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in overall survival by MELD score and tumour size and in recurrence-free survival by BCLC stage. Among the tumour markers, post-ablation DCP was an independent prognostic factor for overall and recurrence-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 3.438; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.331-8.877; P = 0.011 and HR, 4.934; 95% CI, 2.761-8.816; P < 0.001 respectively]. Post-ablation AFP was associated with recurrence-free survival (HR, 1.995; 95% CI, 1.476-2.697; P < 0.001) but not overall survival. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HBV-related HCC, post-ablation serum DCP is a useful biomarker for predicting survival and recurrence after curative RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunchul Rhim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-sun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Doo Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dunst D, Ream JM, Khalef V, Hajdu CH, Rosenkrantz AB. Comparison of MRI features of pathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma between patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. Clin Imaging 2016; 40:352-6. [PMID: 27133666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare MRI features of pathologically-proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between patients with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection. METHODS Two radiologists assessed 51 confirmed HCCs on MRI in HBV (n=18) or HCV (n=33) patients; a third, more experienced, radiologist resolved discrepancies. RESULTS Arterial hyperenhancement occurred more frequently in HCV (90.9% vs. 66.7%; P=.032), DWI/T2WI hyperintensity more frequently in HBV [(DWI: 78.6% vs. 45.8%, T2WI: 77.8% vs. 48.5%; P=.073-0.088)]. Tumors were larger in HBV (P≤.016). Washout, pseudocapsule, homogeneity, circumscribed margins, lipid, iron, and visually low ADC were not different. CONCLUSION Larger studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Dunst
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016.
| | - Justin M Ream
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016.
| | - Victoria Khalef
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016.
| | - Cristina H Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016.
| | - Andrew B Rosenkrantz
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016.
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Petsaris O, Vallet S, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Veillon P, Gouriou S, Barbier G, Nousbaum JB, Saliou P, NKontchou G, Trinchet JC, Lunel-Fabiani F, Payan C. Duplication of the V3 domain in hepatitis C virus (1b) NS5A protein: Clonal analysis and physicochemical properties related to hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence. J Clin Virol 2015; 74:19-25. [PMID: 26655076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5A is known to play a role in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via interactions with host cell pathways. OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b strains presenting a wide insertion of 31 amino acids in the non-structural protein 5A V3 domain (V3 DI) were studied to determine whether this V3-like additional domain (V3 DII) was associated with HCC occurrence. STUDY DESIGN Seventy-four patients' sera were screened for V3 DII presence regarding clinical status. RESULTS Three strains with duplicated V3 were detected among patients with progression to HCC (n=28), two strains among patients with liver cirrhosis (Ci, n=27) and none among patients with chronic hepatitis (Chr, n=19). Phylogenetic trees built from V3 DI and V3 DII sequences indicated that the latter clustered separately. In between-group clonal analysis, V3 DII sequences from the HCC group were found to be more distant from HCV-J than V3 DI sequences (p<0.0001). Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in genetic distances from HCV-J, in HCC V3 DI and HCC V3 DII compared to Ci V3 DI and Ci V3 DII sequences (p<0.0001). HCC V3 DII domain and its junction with V3 DI exhibited higher Shannon entropy values and enrichment in disorder-promoting residues. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that V3 DII evolution may differ in strains associated with HCC occurrence. The presence of an intrinsically "disordered" V3 duplicate may alter the NS5A protein network. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the potential impact of V3 duplication in the context of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Petsaris
- CHU Universitaire La Cavale Blanche, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, 29200 Brest cedex, France; Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, SFR IBSAM, LUBEM (EA3882), UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Sophie Vallet
- CHU Universitaire La Cavale Blanche, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, 29200 Brest cedex, France; Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, SFR IBSAM, LUBEM (EA3882), UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, 29200 Brest, France.
| | | | - Pascal Veillon
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU Angers, HIFI Laboratory, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France.
| | - Stéphanie Gouriou
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, SFR IBSAM, LUBEM (EA3882), UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Georges Barbier
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, SFR ScInBioS, LUBEM (EA3882), ESIAB, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Nousbaum
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Cavale Blanche, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Philippe Saliou
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Laboratoire de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie, UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Gisèle NKontchou
- Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, UFR SMBH-Université Paris 13, 93143 Bondy cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Trinchet
- Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, UFR SMBH-Université Paris 13, 93143 Bondy cedex, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93143 Bondy cedex, France.
| | - Francoise Lunel-Fabiani
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU Angers, HIFI Laboratory, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France.
| | - Christopher Payan
- CHU Universitaire La Cavale Blanche, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, 29200 Brest cedex, France; Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, SFR IBSAM, LUBEM (EA3882), UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, 29200 Brest, France.
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De Ruyck K, De Boevre M, Huybrechts I, De Saeger S. Dietary mycotoxins, co-exposure, and carcinogenesis in humans: Short review. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 766:32-41. [PMID: 26596546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, affect global agriculture so prolifically that they are virtually ubiquitous at some concentration in the average human diet. Studies of in vitro and in vivo toxicity are discussed, leading to investigations of co-exposed mycotoxins, as well as carcinogenic effects. Some of the most common and toxicologically significant mycotoxins, such as the aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, patulin, zearalenone, and some ergot alkaloids are outlined. The wide variety of pathogenic mechanisms these compounds employ are shown capable of inducing a complex set of interactions. Of particular note are potential synergisms between mycotoxins with regard to carcinogenic attributable risk, indicating an important field for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl De Ruyck
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Tagliamonte M, Petrizzo A, Napolitano M, Luciano A, Arra C, Maiolino P, Izzo F, Tornesello ML, Aurisicchio L, Ciliberto G, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Novel metronomic chemotherapy and cancer vaccine combinatorial strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1305-14. [PMID: 25944003 PMCID: PMC11028459 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer and represents the third and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in men and women, respectively. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infections account for pathogenesis of more than 80 % of primary HCC. HCC prognosis greatly varies according to stage at beginning of treatment, but the overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 5-6 %. Given the limited number of effective therapeutic strategies available, immunotherapies and therapeutic cancer vaccines may help in improving the clinical outcome for HCC patients. However, the few clinical trials conducted to date have shown contrasting results, indicating the need for improvements. In the present study, a novel combinatorial strategy, based on metronomic chemotherapy plus vaccine, is evaluated in a mouse model. The chemotherapy is a multi-drug cocktail including taxanes and alkylating agents, which is administered in a metronomic-like fashion. The vaccine is a multi-peptide cocktail including HCV as well as universal tumor antigen TERT epitopes. The combinatorial strategy designed and evaluated in the present study induces an enhanced specific T cell response, when compared to vaccine alone, which correlates to a reduced Treg frequency. Such results are highly promising and may pave way to relevant improvements in immunotherapeutic strategies for HCC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tagliamonte
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Annacarmen Petrizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M. Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, “Fondazione Pascale” - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Chen X, Wang Y, Tao J, Shi Y, Gai X, Huang F, Ma Q, Zhou Z, Chen H, Zhang H, Liu Z, Sun Q, Peng H, Chen R, Jing Y, Yang H, Mao Y, Zhang H. mTORC1 Up-Regulates GP73 to Promote Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Growth of Xenograft Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:741-52.e14. [PMID: 25980751 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Levels of the Golgi protein 73 (GP73) increase during development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); GP73 is a serum marker for HCC. However, little is known about the mechanisms or effects of GP73 during hepatic carcinogenesis. METHODS GP73 was overexpressed from a retroviral vector in HepG2 cells, which were analyzed in proliferation and migration assays. Xenograft tumors were grown from these cells in nude mice. The effects of monoclonal antibodies against GP73 were studied in mice and cell lines. GP73(-/-), GP73(+/-), and GP73(+/+) mice were given injections of diethylnitrosamine to induce liver injury. Levels of GP73 were reduced in MHCC97H, HCCLM3, and HepG2.215 cell lines using small hairpin RNAs; xenograft tumors were grown in mice from MHCC97H-small hairpin GP73 or MHCC97H-vector cells. We used microarray analysis to compare expression patterns between GP73-knockdown and control MHCC97H cells. We studied the effects of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin on GP73 expression in different cancer cell lines and on growth of tumors in mice. Levels of GP73 and activated mTOR were quantified in human HCC tissues. RESULTS Xenograft tumors grown from HepG2 cells that expressed GP73 formed more rapidly and more metastases than control HepG2 cells in mice. A monoclonal antibody against GP73 reduced proliferation of HepG2 cells and growth of xenograft tumors in mice. GP73(-/-) mice had less liver damage after administration of diethylnitrosamine than GP73(+/-) or GP73(+/+) mice. In phosphatase and tensin homolog-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts with constitutively activated mTOR, GP73 was up-regulated compared with control mouse embryonic fibroblasts; this increase was reversed after incubation with rapamycin. Expression of GP73 also was reduced in HCC and other cancer cell lines incubated with rapamycin. mTORC1 appeared to regulate expression of GP73 in cell lines. Activated mTOR correlated with the level of GP73 in human HCC tissues. Injection of rapamycin slowed the growth of xenograft tumors from MHCC97H-vector cells, compared with MHCC97H-short hairpin GP73 cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of GP73 promotes proliferation and migration of HCC cell lines and growth of xenograft tumors in mice. mTORC1 regulates the expression of GP73, so GP73 up-regulation can be blocked with rapamycin. mTOR inhibitors or other reagents that reduce the level or activity of GP73 might be developed for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Sachdeva M, Chawla YK, Arora SK. Immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2080-2090. [PMID: 26301050 PMCID: PMC4539401 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i17.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells (e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC.
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Iyer SC, Gopal A, Halagowder D. Myricetin induces apoptosis by inhibiting P21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) signaling cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:223-37. [PMID: 26104578 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and evidence suggests that Ras signaling regulates various hallmarks of cancer via regulating several effector pathways such as ERK and PI3K. The aim of the present study is to understand the efficacy of a flavonoid myricetin for the first time in inhibiting the downstream target p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) of Ras signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. The analysis of gene expression revealed that myricetin inhibits PAK1 by abrogating the Ras-mediated signaling by decelerating Wnt signaling, the downstream of Erk/Akt, thereby inducing intrinsic caspase-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis by downregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and survivin and upregulating pro-apoptotic Bax. The results also provide striking evidence that the myricetin inhibits the development of HCC by inhibiting PAK1 via coordinate abrogation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT and their downstream signaling Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thus being a promising candidate for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya C Iyer
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India,
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Zuo M, Li C, Lin J, Javle M. LLL12, a novel small inhibitor targeting STAT3 for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:10940-9. [PMID: 25883212 PMCID: PMC4484430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently detected in clinical incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but not in normal human hepatocytes. STAT3 signaling plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis, survival, metastasis, and growth of HCC. Recent evidence suggests that the blockade of aberrant STAT3 pathways can be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for HCC. We have developed the novel small molecular STAT3 inhibitor LLL12 on the basis of curcumin structure using computer-aided rational design. LLL12 has shown antitumor activity in various solid tumors including breast, brain, pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we hypothesized LLL12 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 (Y705) in HCC and show antitumor activity in HCC in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that LLL12 selectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in SNU387, SNU398, SNU449, and Hep3B HCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, LLL12 at 5 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited the growth of SNU398 xenografts in nude mice. Collectively, our results indicate that LLL12 could be used to target STAT3 for the effective prevention or treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zuo
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- 2 Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- 3 Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Seo SI, Kim HS, Kim WJ, Shin WG, Kim DJ, Kim KH, Jang MK, Lee JH, Kim JS, Kim HY, Kim DJ, Lee MS, Park CK. Diagnostic value of PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3928-3935. [PMID: 25852278 PMCID: PMC4385540 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the cutoff values and to compare the diagnostic role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
METHODS: A total of 1255 patients with CHB, including 157 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 879 with non-cirrhotic CHB and 219 with cirrhosis without HCC, were retrospectively enrolled. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of PIVKA-II, AFP and their combination were calculated and compared.
RESULTS: The optimal cutoff values for PIVKA-II and AFP were 40 mAU/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively, for the differentiation of HCC from nonmalignant CHB. The sensitivity and specificity were 73.9% and 89.7%, respectively, for PIVKA-II and 67.5% and 90.3% for AFP, respectively. The AUROC curves of both PIVKA-II and AFP were not significantly different (0.854 vs 0.853, P = 0.965) for the differentiation of HCC from nonmalignant CHB, whereas the AUROC of PIVKA-II was significantly better than that of AFP in patients with cirrhosis (0.870 vs 0.812, P = 0.042). When PIVKA-II and AFP were combined, the diagnostic power improved significantly compared to either AFP or PIVKA-II alone for the differentiation of HCC from nonmalignant CHB (P < 0.05), especially when cirrhosis was present (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Serum PIVKA-II might be a better tumor marker than AFP, and its combination with AFP may enhance the early detection of HCC in patients with CHB.
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Chen C, Chen DP, Gu YY, Hu LH, Wang D, Lin JH, Li ZS, Xu J, Wang G. Vascular invasion in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying cirrhosis: possible associations with ascites and hepatitis B viral factors? Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6255-63. [PMID: 25833692 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular invasion is one of the most important prognostic factors for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current, retrospective study was to determine the associations of ascites and hepatitis B viral factors (HBeAg and anti-HBe status and HBV DNA levels), as well as tumor-related factors (size, tumor number, grade, and location) with micro- or macroscopic vascular invasion in patients with HCC that developed as a result of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis. A total of 336 consecutive patients were included. Potential factors associated with micro- or macroscopic vascular invasion were analyzed by logistic regression. Ascites were more commonly detected in patients with micro- or macroscopic vascular invasion, and the presence of ascites was independently associated with vascular invasion. Among patients with mild-to-moderate or severe ascites, the odds ratio for macroscopic vascular invasion was 4.83 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.29-10.16) and 11.87 (95 % CI 4.53-31.07), respectively. Similarly, the presence of ascites was associated with microscopic vascular invasion (OR 5.00; 95 % CI 1.23-20.31). In contrast, hepatitis B viral factors were not significantly associated with vascular invasion. The presence of ascites was associated with vascular invasion in patients with HBV-related cirrhotic HCC. Thus, patients with ascites, vascular invasion should be considered and more frequent surveillance should be performed after curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Song K, Han C, Dash S, Balart LA, Wu T. MiR-122 in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:498-506. [PMID: 25848473 PMCID: PMC4381172 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the most common causes of chronic liver diseases and hepatocelluar carcinomas. Over the past few years, the liver-enriched microRNA-122 (miR-122) has been shown to differentially regulate viral replication of HBV and HCV. It is notable that the level of miR-122 is positively and negatively regulated by HCV and HBV, respectively. Consistent with the well-documented phenomenon that miR-122 promotes HCV accumulation, inhibition of miR-122 has been shown as an effective therapy for the treatment of HCV infection in both chimpanzees and humans. On the other hand, miR-122 is also known to block HBV replication, and HBV has recently been shown to inhibit miR-122 expression; such a reciprocal inhibition between miR-122 and HBV suggests an intriguing possibility that miR-122 replacement may represent a potential therapy for treatment of HBV infection. As HBV and HCV have shared transmission routes, dual infection is not an uncommon scenario, which is associated with more advanced liver disease than either HBV or HCV mono-infection. Thus, there is a clear need to further understand the interaction between HBV and HCV and to delineate the role of miR-122 in HBV/HCV dual infection in order to devise effective therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of HBV/HCV dual infection, focusing on the pathobiological role and therapeutic potential of miR-122.
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Ha TY, Hwang S, Kim KH, Lee YJ, Ahn CS, Moon DB, Song GW, Park KM, Kim N, Lee SG. Expression pattern analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor markers in viral hepatitis B and C patients undergoing liver transplantation and resection. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:888-93. [PMID: 24767373 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to compare the expression patterns of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) and resection at a high-volume single institution. METHODS First, 663 liver transplant recipients with HCC were selected. They were divided into hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n = 628) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) groups (n = 35). Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Second, another cohort of 2709 patients who underwent HCC resection included 2258 HBV, 143 HCV, and 308 non-HBV non-HCV (NBNC) patients. RESULTS In the transplantation group, pretransplantation AFP level >20 ng/mL was observed in 42.5% of HBV patients and 60% of HCV patients (P = .042). PIVKA-II level >40 mAU/mL was observed in 30.6% of HBV patients and 42.9% of HCV patients (P = .127). In the resection group, a preoperative AFP level >20 ng/mL was observed in 51.7% of HBV patients and 43.3% of HCV patients (P = .052). PIVKA-II level >40 mAU/mL was observed in 59.7% of HBV patients and 56.6% of HCV patients (P = .47). Preoperative AFP level >20 ng/mL and PIVKA-II level >40 mAU/mL were observed in 35.7% and 61% of NBNC patients, respectively. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analyses revealed that the expression pattern of PIVKA-II in patients with elevated AFP level was not predictable and vice versa, regardless of background liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that serum AFP and PIVKA-II may be expressed variably regardless of the types of background liver disease. Further large-volume multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of the etiology-dependent expression of tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Ha
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D B Moon
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G W Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K M Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Feng LL, Liu BX, Zhong JY, Sun LB, Yu HS. Effect of grape procyanidins on tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer xenograft models. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:737-41. [PMID: 24568488 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years a wide variety of flavonoids or polyphenolic substances have been reported to possess substantial anti-carcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. Grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) are considered as good examples for which there is evidence of potential roles as anti-carcinogenic agents. METHODS A xenograft model was established using H22 cells subcutaneously injected into mice and used to assess different concentrations of grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) and Endostar. Treatments were maintained for 10 days, then levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) were examined by immunohistochemistry, while VEGF mRNA was determined by real-time PCR in tumor tissue. RESULTS The expression of MVD and VEGF decreased gradually as the concentration of GPC increased.There was a significant positive correlation between MVD and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GPC restrains the growth of tumor, possibly by inhibiting tumour angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Feng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China E-mail :
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Rojpibulstit P, Kittisenachai S, Puthong S, Manochantr S, Gamnarai P, Jitrapakdee S, Roytrakul S. Hep88 mAb-initiated paraptosis-like PCD pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line through the binding of mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:69. [PMID: 25788858 PMCID: PMC4364037 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent hepatic cancer worldwide. Currently, a targeted therapy via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to tumor-associated antigen is undergoing continual development in HCC treatment. Methods In this regard, after establishing and consequently exploring Hep88 mAb’s tumoricidal effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cell line), the Hep88 mAb’s specific antigens from both membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of HepG2 cell line were identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. After in-gel digestion and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase were identified. The recombinant proteins specific to Hep88 mAb were cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Moreover, alteration of HepG2 and Chang liver cell line after being induced by Hep88 mAb for 1–3 days was investigated using a transmission electron microscope. Results The result demonstrated that Hep88 mAb can bind to the recombinant mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase. In addition, the gradual appearing of mitochondria vacuolization and endoplasmic reticulum dilatation were observed. Those characteristics might be explained by the paraptosis-like program cell death (PCD), which is induced by the binding of Hep88 mAb to mortalin (HSPA9). Mortalin depletion resulting from the formation of Hep88 mAb-mortalin (HSPA9) complex might initiate transcription-independence of p53-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, Hep88mAb-alpha-enolase complex might initiate HepG2 cells energy exhaustion by glycolysis pathway obstruction. Conclusion These fascinating results imply that Hep88 mAb might be a promising tool for the development of an effective treatment of HCC in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panadda Rojpibulstit
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Luang 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand ; Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suthathip Kittisenachai
- Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Antibody Production Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Luang 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Gamnarai
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Luang 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Molecular Metabolism Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Dong Y, Wang A. Aberrant DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor suppression (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 8:963-968. [PMID: 25120642 PMCID: PMC4114628 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation leads to altered gene expression, resulting in cancerous features. Numerous tumor suppressor genes are silenced by DNA methylation during hepatocarcinogenesis. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation is an important mechanism for inactivating tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the p16 (INK4a) and p15 (INK4b) promoters may increase the risk of developing HCC, particularly hepatitis B virus-related HCC. Environmental factors can lead to geographic variations in the methylation status of CpG islands. Aberrant DNA methylation of CpG islands is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Thus, abnormal variations of DNMTs can contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. In hepatitis-related HCC, microRNAs participate in hepatocarcinogenesis by directly targeting DNMTs, during which hepatitis B virus X acts as a regulator. DNA methylation may also contribute to HCC tumorigenesis by regulating the cell cycle. Based on the importance of DNA methylation in tumor suppression of HCC, certain DNA methylations may predict the risk of tumor development, tumor staging, patient survival and HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Dong
- Oncology Department, Xiangyang Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Anping Wang
- Oncology Department, Xiangyang Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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