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Chen W, Mao L, Yan Q, Zhao L, Huang L, Zhang J, Qin Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis explored the molecular mechanisms of a luxR-type regulator regulating intracellular survival of Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13949. [PMID: 38555527 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is not a traditional intracellular bacterium. However, previous studies revealed that pathogenic A. hydrophila B11 could temporarily survive for at least 24 h in fish phagocytes, and the regulation of intracellular survival in bacteria was associated with regulators of the LuxR-type. The mechanisms of luxR08110 on the A. hydrophila's survival in macrophages were investigated using comprehensive transcriptome analysis and biological phenotype analysis in this study. The results showed that after luxR08110 was silenced, the intracellular survival ability of bacteria was significantly diminished. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that luxR08110 was a critical regulator of A. hydrophila, which regulated the expression of over 1200 genes, involving in bacterial flagellar assembly and chemotaxis, ribosome, sulphur metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and other mechanisms. Further studies confirmed that after the inhibition of expression of luxR08110, the motility, chemotaxis and adhesion of A. hydrophila significantly decreased. Moreover, compared with the wild-type strain, the survival rates of silencing strain were all considerably reduced under both H2O2 and low pH stress conditions. According to both transcriptome analysis and phenotypic tests, the luxR08110 of A. hydrophila could act as global regulator in bacteria intracellular survival. This regulator regulated intracellular survival of A. hydrophila mainly through two ways. One way is to regulate bacterial flagellar synthesis and further affects the motility, chemotaxis and adhesion of bacteria. The other way is to regulate sulphur and glycerolipid metabolisms, thus affecting bacterial energy production and the ability to resist environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd, Fuqing, China
| | - Leilei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd, Fuqing, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd, Fuqing, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Pradhan J, Pradhan D, Sahu JK, Mishra S, Mallick S, Das S, Negi VD. A novel rspA gene regulates biofilm formation and virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106432. [PMID: 37926364 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria and belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Although much has been known about Salmonella pathogenesis, the functional characterizations of certain genes are yet to be explored. The rspA (STM14_1818) is one such gene with putative dehydratase function, and its role in pathogenesis is unknown. The background information showed that rspA gene is upregulated in Salmonella when it resides inside macrophages, which led us to investigate its role in Salmonella pathogenesis. We generated the rspA knockout strain and complement strain in S. Typhimurium 14028. Ex-vivo and in-vivo infectivity was looked at macrophage and epithelial cell lines and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The mutant strain differentially formed the biofilm at different temperatures by altering the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of cellulose and curli. Besides, the mutant strain is hyperproliferative intracellularly and showed increased bacterial burden in C. elegans. The mutant strain became more infectious and lethal, causing faster death of the worms than the wild type, and also modulates the worm's innate immunity. Thus, we found that the rspA deletion mutant was more pathogenic. In this study, we concluded that the rspA gene differentially regulates the biofilm formation in a temperature dependent manner by modulating the genes involved in the synthesis of cellulose and curli and negatively regulates the Salmonella virulence for longer persistence inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Diana Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Jugal Kishor Sahu
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Satyajit Mishra
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Swarupa Mallick
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Vidya Devi Negi
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Zhang S, Kan J, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhang M, Ou J, Wang J, An L, Li D, Wang L, Wang X, Fang R, Jia Y. Phytopathogenic bacteria utilize host glucose as a signal to stimulate virulence through LuxR homologues. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:359-373. [PMID: 36762904 PMCID: PMC10013830 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical signal-mediated biological communication is common within bacteria and between bacteria and their hosts. Many plant-associated bacteria respond to unknown plant compounds to regulate bacterial gene expression. However, the nature of the plant compounds that mediate such interkingdom communication and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot disease on brassica vegetables. Xcc contains an orphan LuxR regulator (XccR) which senses a plant signal that was validated to be glucose by HPLC-MS. The glucose concentration increases in apoplast fluid after Xcc infection, which is caused by the enhanced activity of plant sugar transporters translocating sugar and cell-wall invertases releasing glucose from sucrose. XccR recruits glucose, but not fructose, sucrose, glucose 6-phosphate, and UDP-glucose, to activate pip expression. Deletion of the bacterial glucose transporter gene sglT impaired pathogen virulence and pip expression. Structural prediction showed that the N-terminal domain of XccR forms an alternative pocket neighbouring the AHL-binding pocket for glucose docking. Substitution of three residues affecting structural stability abolished the ability of XccR to bind to the luxXc box in the pip promoter. Several other XccR homologues from plant-associated bacteria can also form stable complexes with glucose, indicating that glucose may function as a common signal molecule for pathogen-plant interactions. The conservation of a glucose/XccR/pip-like system in plant-associated bacteria suggests that some phytopathogens have evolved the ability to utilize host compounds as virulence signals, indicating that LuxRs mediate an interkingdom signalling circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinhong Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Present address:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinqing Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lin An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Defeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiu‐Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yantao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Dominelli N, Regaiolo A, Willy L, Heermann R. Interkingdom Signaling of the Insect Pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens with Plants Via the LuxR solo SdiA. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040890. [PMID: 37110313 PMCID: PMC10143992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, group-coordinated behavior such as biofilm formation or virulence are often mediated via cell–cell communication, a process referred to as quorum sensing (QS). The canonical QS system of Gram-negative bacteria uses N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as communication molecules, which are produced by LuxI-type synthases and sensed by cognate LuxR-type receptors. These receptors act as transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of specific genes. Some bacteria harbor LuxR-type receptors lacking a cognate LuxI-type synthases, designated as LuxR solos. Among many other LuxR solos, the entomopathogenic enteric bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens harbors a SdiA-like LuxR solo containing an AHL signal-binding domain, for which a respective signal molecule and target genes have not been identified yet. Here we performed SPR analysis to demonstrate that SdiA acts as a bidirectional regulator of transcription, tightly controlling its own expression and the adjacent PluDJC_01670 (aidA) gene in P. luminescens, a gene supposed to be involved in the colonization of eukaryotes. Via qPCR we could further determine that in sdiA deletion mutant strains, aidA is upregulated, indicating that SdiA negatively affects expression of aidA. Furthermore, the ΔsdiA deletion mutant exhibited differences in biofilm formation and motility compared with the wild-type. Finally, using nanoDSF analysis we could identify putative binding ability of SdiA towards diverse AHLs, but also to plant-derived signals, modulating the DNA-binding capacity of SdiA, suggesting that this LuxR solo acts as an important player in interkingdom signaling between P. luminescens and plants.
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The Growth Curve of Microbial Cultures: A Model for a Visionary Reappraisal. Appl Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A phenomenological model of planktonic microbial cultures, reported in previous papers, suggests that the whole growth progress seems planned by the microbial population since a pre-growth latency phase, during which the population level remains at its starting level. This model is in line with recent suggestions about the behavior of complex systems, as long as it allows for the gathering of the growth trends of a number of real batch cultures in a single master plot of reduced variables, in spite of their metabolic and physiological differences. One important issue of the model concerns the origin of the time scale for the microbes that can differ from that for the observer. The present paper reports some consequences of the model in view of its potential use in predictive microbiology and proposes an extension to the steady and decay phases of the culture evolution suggesting that, consistent with the assumptions about the growth phase, the decay occurs by a scan of the cell generation steps. This view leads to the conclusion that the steady phase between growth and decay trends actually corresponds to the loss of the oldest cell generations, which represents minor fractions of the microbial population. Such early decay is almost undetectable in a log scale, looking like a steady phase. To account for cases that show a broad maximum instead of an intermediate steady trend, a single continuous function, still related to the model, can describe the whole growth and decay trend of the microbial culture.
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Cell-Cell Signaling Proteobacterial LuxR Solos: a Treasure Trove of Subgroups Having Different Origins, Ligands, and Ecological Roles. mSystems 2023; 8:e0103922. [PMID: 36802056 PMCID: PMC10134790 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01039-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many proteobacteria possess LuxR solos which are quorum sensing LuxR-type regulators that are not paired with a cognate LuxI-type synthase. LuxR solos have been implicated in intraspecies, interspecies, and interkingdom communication by sensing endogenous and exogenous acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as well as non-AHL signals. LuxR solos are likely to play a major role in microbiome formation, shaping, and maintenance through many different cell-cell signaling mechanisms. This review intends to assess the different types and discuss the possible functional roles of the widespread family of LuxR solo regulators. In addition, an analysis of LuxR solo types and variability among the totality of publicly available proteobacterial genomes is presented. This highlights the importance of these proteins and will encourage scientists to mobilize and study them in order to increase our knowledge of novel cell-cell mechanisms that drive bacterial interactions in the context of complex bacterial communities.
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Lucero CT, Lorda GS, Halliday N, Ambrosino ML, Cámara M, Taurian T. Impact of quorum sensing from native peanut phosphate solubilizing Serratia sp. S119 strain on interactions with agronomically important crops. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vargas ELG, Almeida FAD, de Freitas LL, Pinto UM, Vanetti MCD. Furanone and phytol influence metabolic phenotypes regulated by acyl-homoserine lactone in Salmonella. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2133-2144. [PMID: 35947344 PMCID: PMC9679073 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and it is unable to produce the quorum sensing signaling molecules called acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). However, it synthesizes the SdiA protein, detecting AHL molecules, also known as autoinducer-1 (AI-1), in the external environment. Exogenous AHLs can regulate specific genes related to virulence and stress response in Salmonella. Thus, interfering with quorum sensing can be a strategy to reduce virulence and help elucidate the cell-to-cell communication role in the pathogens' response to extracellular signals. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the quorum sensing inhibitors furanone and phytol on phenotypes regulated by N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The furanone C30 at 50 nM and phytol at 2 mM canceled the alterations promoted by C12-HSL on glucose consumption and the levels of free cellular thiol in Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 under anaerobic conditions. In silico analysis suggests that these compounds can bind to the SdiA protein of Salmonella Enteritidis and accommodate in the AHL binding pocket. Thus, furanone C30 and phytol act as antagonists of AI-1 and are likely inhibitors of the quorum sensing mechanism mediated by AHL in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhang X, Liu B, Ding X, Bin P, Yang Y, Zhu G. Regulatory Mechanisms between Quorum Sensing and Virulence in Salmonella. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2211. [PMID: 36363803 PMCID: PMC9693372 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that causes enterogastritis among humans, livestock and poultry, and it not only causes huge economic losses for the feed industry but also endangers public health around the world. However, the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection has remained poorly developed because of its antibiotic resistance. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism involving multiple cellular processes, especially bacterial virulence, such as biofilm formation, motility, adherence, and invasion. Therefore, blocking the QS system may be a new strategy for Salmonella infection independent of antibiotic treatment. Here, we have reviewed the central role of the QS system in virulence regulation of Salmonella and summarized the most recent advances about quorum quenching (QQ) in virulence attenuation during Salmonella infection. Unraveling the complex relationship between QS and bacterial virulence may provide new insight into the therapy of pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baobao Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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10
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Elfaky MA, Thabit AK, Eljaaly K, Zawawi A, Abdelkhalek AS, Almalki AJ, Ibrahim TS, Hegazy WAH. Controlling of Bacterial Virulence: Evaluation of Anti-Virulence Activities of Prazosin against Salmonella enterica. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1585. [PMID: 36358239 PMCID: PMC9686722 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative orofecal transmitted pathogen that causes a wide diversity of local and systemic illnesses. Salmonella enterica utilizes several interplayed systems to regulate its invasion and pathogenesis: namely, quorum sensing (QS) and type three secretion system (T3SS). In addition, S. enterica could sense the adrenergic hormones in the surroundings that enhance its virulence. The current study aimed to evaluate the ability of α-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin to mitigate the virulence of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The prazosin effect on biofilm formation and the expression of sdiA, qseC, qseE, and T3SS-type II encoding genes was evaluated. Furthermore, the prazosin intracellular replication inside macrophage and anti-virulence activity was evaluated in vivo against S. typhimurium. The current finding showed a marked prazosin ability to compete on SdiA and QseC and downregulate their encoding genes. Prazosin significantly downregulated the virulence factors encoding genes and diminished the biofilm formation, intracellular replication inside macrophages, and in vivo protected mice. To sum up, prazosin showed significant inhibitory activities against QS, T3SS, and bacterial espionage, which documents its considered anti-virulence activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar K. Thabit
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Abdelkhalek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat 113, Oman
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11
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Rao TVP, Kuzminov A. Robust linear DNA degradation supports replication-initiation-defective mutants in Escherichia coli. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac228. [PMID: 36165702 PMCID: PMC9635670 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RecBCD helicase/nuclease supports replication fork progress via recombinational repair or linear DNA degradation, explaining recBC mutant synthetic lethality with replication elongation defects. Since replication initiation defects leave chromosomes without replication forks, these should be insensitive to the recBCD status. Surprisingly, we found that both Escherichia coli dnaA46(Ts) and dnaC2(Ts) initiation mutants at semi-permissive temperatures are also recBC-colethal. Interestingly, dnaA46 recBC lethality suppressors suggest underinitiation as the problem, while dnaC2 recBC suppressors signal overintiation. Using genetic and physical approaches, we studied the dnaA46 recBC synthetic lethality, for the possibility that RecBCD participates in replication initiation. Overproduced DnaA46 mutant protein interferes with growth of dnaA+ cells, while the residual viability of the dnaA46 recBC mutant depends on the auxiliary replicative helicase Rep, suggesting replication fork inhibition by the DnaA46 mutant protein. The dnaA46 mutant depends on linear DNA degradation by RecBCD, rather than on recombinational repair. At the same time, the dnaA46 defect also interacts with Holliday junction-moving defects, suggesting reversal of inhibited forks. However, in contrast to all known recBC-colethals, which fragment their chromosomes, the dnaA46 recBC mutant develops no chromosome fragmentation, indicating that its inhibited replication forks are stable. Physical measurements confirm replication inhibition in the dnaA46 mutant shifted to semi-permissive temperatures, both at the level of elongation and initiation, while RecBCD gradually restores elongation and then initiation. We propose that RecBCD-catalyzed resetting of inhibited replication forks allows replication to displace the "sticky" DnaA46(Ts) protein from the chromosomal DNA, mustering enough DnaA for new initiations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Kuzminov
- Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, B103 C&LSL, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801-3709, USA.
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12
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Xiao Y, Zou H, Li J, Song T, Lv W, Wang W, Wang Z, Tao S. Impact of quorum sensing signaling molecules in gram-negative bacteria on host cells: current understanding and future perspectives. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2039048. [PMID: 35188058 PMCID: PMC8865250 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2039048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a molecular signaling-based communication mechanism in prokaryotes. In the basic mode, signaling molecules released by certain bacteria are sensed by intracellular receptors or membrane-bound receptors of other members in the community, leading to the collective isogenic signaling molecule synthesis and synchronized activities. This regulation is important for the symbiosis of the bacterium with the host, as well as virulence and biofilm formation. Notably, quorum sensing signaling molecules are not only able to control microbial community behavior but can likewise regulate the physiological status of host cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of quorum sensing signaling molecules in gram-negative bacteria in regulating host cell function and gut health, and suggest possible opportunities for application in combating human and animal diseases by blocking the pathways through which quorum sensing signaling molecules exert their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Zou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Shiyu TaoCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070China
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Cheng C, Yan X, Liu B, Jiang T, Zhou Z, Guo F, Zhang Q, Li C, Fang T. SdiA Enhanced the Drug Resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii and Suppressed Its Motility, Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901912. [PMID: 35602061 PMCID: PMC9120920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a common foodborne pathogen, and the mortality rate of its infection is as high as 40–80%. SdiA acts as a quorum sensing regulator in many foodborne pathogens, but its role in C. sakazakii remains unclear. Here, we further determined the effect of the sdiA gene in C. sakazakii pathogenicity. The SdiA gene in C. sakazakii was knocked out by gene editing technology, and the biological characteristics of the ΔsdiA mutant of C. sakazakii were studied, followed by transcriptome analysis to elucidate its effects. The results suggested that SdiA gene enhanced the drug resistance of C. sakazakii but diminished its motility, adhesion and biofilm formation ability and had no effect on its growth. Transcriptome analysis showed that the ΔsdiA upregulated the expression levels of D-galactose operon genes (including dgoR, dgoK, dgoA, dgoD and dgoT) and flagella-related genes (FliA and FliC) in C. sakazakii and downregulated the expression levels of related genes in the type VI secretion system (VasK gene was downregulated by 1.53-fold) and ABC transport system (downregulated by 1.5-fold), indicating that SdiA gene was related to the physiological metabolism of C. sakazakii. The results were useful for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of C. sakazakii and provide a theoretical basis for controlling bacterial infection.
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Terazosin Interferes with Quorum Sensing and Type Three Secretion System and Diminishes the Bacterial Espionage to Mitigate the Salmonella Typhimurium Pathogenesis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040465. [PMID: 35453216 PMCID: PMC9025009 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an invasive intracellular pathogen and hires diverse systems to manipulate its survival in the host cells. Salmonella could eavesdrop on the host cells, sensing and responding to the produced adrenergic hormones and other neurotransmitters, which results in the augmentation of its virulence and establishes its accommodation in host cells. The current study aims to assess the anti-virulence effect of α-adrenergic antagonist terazosin on S. Typhimurium. Our findings show that terazosin significantly reduced S. Typhimurium adhesion and biofilm formation. Furthermore, terazosin significantly decreased invasion and intracellular replication of S. Typhimurium. Interestingly, in vivo, terazosin protected the mice from S. Typhimurium pathogenesis. To understand the terazosin anti-virulence activity, its effect on quorum sensing (QS), bacterial espionage, and type three secretion system (T3SS) was studied. Strikingly, terazosin competed on the membranal sensors that sense adrenergic hormones and down-regulated their encoding genes, which indicates the ability of terazosin to diminish the bacterial eavesdropping on the host cells. Moreover, terazosin significantly reduced the Chromobacterium violaceum QS-controlled pigment production and interfered with the QS receptor Lux-homolog Salmonella SdiA, which indicates the possible terazosin-mediated anti-QS activity. Furthermore, terazosin down-regulated the expression of T3SS encoding genes. In conclusion, terazosin may mitigate S. Typhimurium virulence owing to its hindering QS and down-regulating T3SS encoding genes besides its inhibition of bacterial espionage.
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15
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Salazar JK, Tesfaldet B, Zamperlini M, Streufert R, Fay M, Keller SE. Desiccation Survival of Salmonella enterica,Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecium Related to Initial Cell Level and Cellular Components. J Food Prot 2022; 85:398-405. [PMID: 34855937 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is well known for its ability to survive and persist in low-moisture environments. Previous studies have indicated a link between the initial cell level and the population of Salmonella that survives after desiccation and subsequent storage; however, how the initial cell concentration affects survival is unknown. This study was conducted to examine this phenomenon and to determine whether it occurs in other microorganisms, specifically Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) and Enterococcus faecium. Salmonella, STEC, and E. faecium were grown as sessile cells on Trypticase soy agar with yeast extract (TSAYE) and harvested in buffered peptone water (BPW). To determine recovery at different initial cell levels, cultures were diluted to 9, 7, and 5 log CFU/mL and applied to filters. Filters were dried for 24 h and then stored for 28 days at 25°C and 33% relative humidity. During storage, cells were recovered from filters with BPW and cultivated on TSAYE. Recovery of both Salmonella and E. coli, but not E. faecium, was nonproportional. Lower initial populations were less viable after 24 h of desiccation; ≥10 log CFU/mL was recovered when 11 log CFU/mL was desiccated, but <3 log CFU/mL was recovered when 5 log CFU/mL was desiccated. Once dried, persistence did not appear affected by initial cell concentration. When inactivated (heat-treated) cells were added to the diluent, recovery of Salmonella was proportional with respect to the initial cell level. To further examine the response to desiccation, Salmonella was diluted in BPW containing 1 of 11 test cell components related to quorum sensing or known to affect desiccation resistance to assess recovery and persistence. Of the 11 additions, only cell debris fractions, cell-free extract, and peptidoglycan improved recovery of Salmonella. Desiccation survival appears related to cell wall components; however, the exact mechanism affecting survival remains unknown. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle K Salazar
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501; and
| | - Bereket Tesfaldet
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Michelle Zamperlini
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Rachel Streufert
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501; and
| | - Megan Fay
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501; and
| | - Susanne E Keller
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501; and
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Liu F, Hu M, Zhang Z, Xue Y, Chen S, Hu A, Zhang LH, Zhou J. Dickeya Manipulates Multiple Quorum Sensing Systems to Control Virulence and Collective Behaviors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:838125. [PMID: 35211146 PMCID: PMC8860905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.838125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP), typical of Pectobacterium and Dickeya, are a class of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that cause devastating diseases on a wide range of crops and ornamental plants worldwide. Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication mechanism regulating the expression of specific genes by releasing QS signal molecules associated with cell density, in most cases, involving in the vital process of virulence and infection. In recent years, several types of QS systems have been uncovered in Dickeya pathogens to control diverse biological behaviors, especially bacterial pathogenicity and transkingdom interactions. This review depicts an integral QS regulation network of Dickeya, elaborates in detail the regulation of specific QS system on different biological functions of the pathogens and hosts, aiming at providing a systematic overview of Dickeya pathogenicity and interactions with hosts, and, finally, expects the future prospective of effectively controlling the bacterial soft rot disease caused by Dickeya by quenching the key QS signal.
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Repurposing α-Adrenoreceptor Blockers as Promising Anti-Virulence Agents in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020178. [PMID: 35203781 PMCID: PMC8868568 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is among the world’s most urgent public health problems. Diminishing of the virulence of bacteria is a promising approach to decrease the development of bacterial resistance. Quorum sensing (QS) systems orchestrate the bacterial virulence in inducer–receptors manner. Bacteria can spy on the cells of the host by sensing adrenergic hormones and other neurotransmitters, and in turn, these neurotransmitters can induce bacterial pathogenesis. In this direction, α-adrenergic blockers were proposed as an anti-virulence agents through inhibiting the bacterial espionage. The current study aimed to explore the α-blockers’ anti-QS activities. Within comprehensive in silico investigation, the binding affinities of seven α-adrenoreceptor blockers were evaluated towards structurally different QS receptors. From the best docked α-blockers into QS receptors, terazosin was nominated to be subjected for further in vivo and in vitro anti-QS and anti-virulence activities against Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Terazosin showed a significant ability to diminish the QS-controlled pigment production in C. violaceum. Moreover, Terazosin decreased the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and down-regulated its QS-encoding genes. Terazosin protected mice from the P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. In conclusion, α-adrenergic blockers are proposed as promising anti-virulence agents as they hinder QS receptors and inhibit bacterial espionage.
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18
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N-acyl-homoserine lactone produced by Rahnella inusitata isolated from the gut of Galleria mellonella influences Salmonella phenotypes. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:819-829. [PMID: 35048318 PMCID: PMC9151966 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The most studied mechanism of quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by autoinducer 1 (AI-1), namely, acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL). This system allows communication among different bacterial species and regulates the expression of virulence genes in many pathogens. Although AHL-producing bacteria have been detected in the intestines of humans and other animals, no report was found about AHL-producing bacteria in the insect gut and the possible effects of these autoinducers on enteropathogenic bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to identify AHL-producing bacteria in the gut of larvae of Galleria mellonella and to evaluate the influence of this quorum sensing signal on the regulation of adhesion and motility phenotypes in the intestinal pathogen Salmonella. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses, and phenotypic characterization of gut isolates was performed. The profile of AHLs produced by the isolates was determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and revealed with the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Sequencing, phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characterization of gut isolates showed that the three AHL-producing strains belong to the species Rahnella inusitata, named GM34, GM56, and GM60. The TLC showed that R. inusitata produces a six-carbon AHL. In the presence of cell-free extract of R. inusitata containing AHL and under anaerobic conditions, Salmonella enterica increased the adhesion to stainless steel coupons and presented swarming motility. Extracts from the culture medium of R. inusitata isolates containing AHL increased the adhesion on stainless steel coupons and swarming motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 under anaerobic conditions. The results suggest the possibility of communication between members of the G. mellonella intestinal microbiota with pathogens such as Salmonella.
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19
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Computational and Biological Evaluation of β-Adrenoreceptor Blockers as Promising Bacterial Anti-Virulence Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020110. [PMID: 35215223 PMCID: PMC8877484 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing public health threat as it has the potential to affect people at any stage of life, as well as veterinary. Various approaches have been proposed to counteract the bacterial resistance development. Tackling bacterial virulence is one of the most promising approaches that confer several merits. The bacterial virulence is mainly regulated by a communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) system. Meanwhile, bacteria can sense the adrenergic hormones and eavesdrops on the host cells to establish their infection, adrenergic hormones were shown to enhance the bacterial virulence. In this study, β-adrenoreceptor blockers were proposed not only to stop bacterial espionage on our cells but also as inhibitors to the bacterial QS systems. In this context, a detailed in silico study has been conducted to evaluate the affinities of twenty-two β-blockers to compete on different structural QS receptors. Among the best docked and thermodynamically stable β-blockers; atenolol, esmolol, and metoprolol were subjected to further in vitro and in vivo investigation to evaluate their anti-QS activities against Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. The three tested β-blockers decreased the production of QS-controlled C. violaceum, and the formation of biofilm by P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium. Additionally, the tested β-blockers down-regulated the P. aeruginosa QS-encoding genes and S. typhimurium sensor kinase encoding genes. Furthermore, metoprolol protected mice against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium. Conclusively, these investigated β-blockers are promising anti-virulence agents antagonizing adrenergic hormones induced virulence, preventing bacterial espionage, and blocking bacterial QS systems.
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20
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Hickey A, Pardo LM, Reen FJ, McGlacken GP. Pyrones Identified as LuxR Signal Molecules in Photorhabdus and Their Synthetic Analogues Can Alter Multicellular Phenotypic Behavior of Bacillus atropheaus. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33141-33148. [PMID: 34901665 PMCID: PMC8655920 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Individual bacteria communicate by the release and interpretation of small molecules, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing (QS). We hypothesized that QS compounds extruded by Photorhabdus could be interpreted by Bacillus-a form of interspecies communication. We interrogate the structure-activity relationship within the recently discovered pyrone QS network and reveal the exquisite structural features required for targeted phenotypic behavior. The interruption of QS is an exciting, nonbiocidal approach to tackling infection, and understanding its nuances can only be achieved by studies such as this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobha Hickey
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research
Facility, School of Microbiology, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Leticia M. Pardo
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research
Facility, School of Microbiology, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - F. Jerry Reen
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research
Facility, School of Microbiology, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research
Facility, School of Microbiology, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
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21
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Ruiz CH, Osorio-Llanes E, Trespalacios MH, Mendoza-Torres E, Rosales W, Gómez CMM. Quorum Sensing Regulation as a Target for Antimicrobial Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:848-864. [PMID: 34856897 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211202115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some bacterial species use a cell-to-cell communication mechanism called Quorum Sensing (QS). Bacteria release small diffusible molecules, usually termed signals which allow the activation of beneficial phenotypes that guarantee bacterial survival and the expression of a diversity of virulence genes in response to an increase in population density. The study of the molecular mechanisms that relate signal molecules with bacterial pathogenesis is an area of growing interest due to its use as a possible therapeutic alternative through the development of synthetic analogues of autoinducers as a strategy to regulate bacterial communication as well as the study of bacterial resistance phenomena, the study of these relationships is based on the structural diversity of natural or synthetic autoinducers and their ability to inhibit bacterial QS, which can be approached with a molecular perspective from the following topics: i) Molecular signals and their role in QS regulation; ii) Strategies in the modulation of Quorum Sensing; iii) Analysis of Bacterial QS circuit regulation strategies; iv) Structural evolution of natural and synthetic autoinducers as QS regulators. This mini-review allows a molecular view of the QS systems, showing a perspective on the importance of the molecular diversity of autoinducer analogs as a strategy for the design of new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterine Henríquez Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Universidad del Atlántico. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Estefanie Osorio-Llanes
- Faculty of Exact and Natural sciences. Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina. Universidad Libre. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Mayra Hernández Trespalacios
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Universidad del Atlántico. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Evelyn Mendoza-Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences. Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina-Universidad Libre. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Wendy Rosales
- Faculty of Exact and Natural sciences. Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina. Universidad Libre. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Carlos Mario Meléndez Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Universidad del Atlántico. Barranquilla. Colombia
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22
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Shen H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Duan Z, Wu P, Lin Z, Sun H. Hormetic dose-responses for silver antibacterial compounds, quorum sensing inhibitors, and their binary mixtures on bacterial resistance of Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147464. [PMID: 33965827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver antibacterial compounds (SACs) and quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), as the potential antibiotic substitutes, have been recommended to prevent and treat microbial infections for the purpose of controlling the increasingly serious bacterial resistance induced by the abuse of antibiotics. However, there is little information regarding the resistance risk of these compounds, especially their mixtures. In this study, bacterial mutation and RP4 plasmid conjugative transfer among bacteria were used to characterize the bacterial endogenous and exogenous resistance, respectively. The effects of SACs (including silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP)), QSIs, and their binary mixtures on the bacterial resistance were investigated via setting the frequency of mutation and conjugative transfer in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the test endpoints. The results indicated that these two endpoints exhibited hormetic dose-responses to each treatment. Furthermore, the joint resistance actions between SACs and QSIs were all judged to be antagonism. Correlation analysis suggested that the promotion of the bacterial resistance in each treatment was closely related to its toxicity. It was speculated that AgNO3 and AgNP might both release Ag+ ions to facilitate the E. coli resistance, while QSIs probably acted on LsrR and SdiA proteins to stimulate the bacterial mutation and accelerate the RP4 plasmid conjugative transfer, respectively. These findings imply that the bacteria may generate targeted stress response to the survival pressure from environmental compounds, displaying hormetic phenomenon in resistance-related test endpoints. This study provides a new insight into the resistance risk induced by SACs and QSIs, benefiting the environmental risk assessment of these compounds from the perspective of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zemeng Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Pengpeng Wu
- Huaxin College of Hebei Geo University, Shijiazhuang 050700, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Pacheco T, Gomes AÉI, Siqueira NMG, Assoni L, Darrieux M, Venter H, Ferraz LFC. SdiA, a Quorum-Sensing Regulator, Suppresses Fimbriae Expression, Biofilm Formation, and Quorum-Sensing Signaling Molecules Production in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:597735. [PMID: 34234747 PMCID: PMC8255378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.597735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen that has become a worldwide concern due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates responsible for various invasive infectious diseases. Biofilm formation constitutes a major virulence factor for K. pneumoniae and relies on the expression of fimbrial adhesins and aggregation of bacterial cells on biotic or abiotic surfaces in a coordinated manner. During biofilm aggregation, bacterial cells communicate with each other through inter- or intra-species interactions mediated by signallng molecules, called autoinducers, in a mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS). In most Gram-negative bacteria, intra-species communication typically involves the LuxI/LuxR system: LuxI synthase produces N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as autoinducers and the LuxR transcription factor is their cognate receptor. However, K. pneumoniae does not produce AHL but encodes SdiA, an orphan LuxR-type receptor that responds to exogenous AHL molecules produced by other bacterial species. While SdiA regulates several cellular processes and the expression of virulence factors in many pathogens, the role of this regulator in K. pneumoniae remains unknown. In this study, we describe the characterization of sdiA mutant strain of K. pneumoniae. The sdiA mutant strain has increased biofilm formation, which correlates with the increased expression of type 1 fimbriae, thus revealing a repressive role of SdiA in fimbriae expression and bacterial cell adherence and aggregation. On the other hand, SdiA acts as a transcriptional activator of cell division machinery assembly in the septum, since cells lacking SdiA regulator exhibited a filamentary shape rather than the typical rod shape. We also show that K. pneumoniae cells lacking SdiA regulator present constant production of QS autoinducers at maximum levels, suggesting a putative role for SdiA in the regulation of AI-2 production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SdiA regulates cell division and the expression of virulence factors such as fimbriae expression, biofilm formation, and production of QS autoinducers in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisy Pacheco
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Ana Érika Inácio Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Assoni
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lúcio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Abstract
LuxR solos are related to quorum sensing (QS) LuxR family regulators; however, they lack a cognate LuxI family protein. LuxR solos are widespread and almost exclusively found in proteobacteria. In this study, we investigated the distribution and conservation of LuxR solos in the fluorescent pseudomonads group. Our analysis of more than 600 genomes revealed that the majority of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. carry one or more LuxR solos, occurring considerably more frequently than complete LuxI/LuxR archetypical QS systems. Based on the adjacent gene context and conservation of the primary structure, nine subgroups of LuxR solos have been identified that are likely to be involved in the establishment of communication networks. Modeling analysis revealed that the majority of subgroups shows some substitutions at the invariant amino acids of the ligand-binding pocket of QS LuxRs, raising the possibility of binding to non-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) ligands. Several mutants and gene expression studies on some LuxR solos belonging to different subgroups were performed in order to shed light on their response. The commonality of LuxR solos among fluorescent pseudomonads is an indication of their important role in cell-cell signaling. IMPORTANCE Cell-cell communication in bacteria is being extensively studied in simple settings and uses chemical signals and cognate regulators/receptors. Many Gram-negative proteobacteria use acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) synthesized by LuxI family proteins and cognate LuxR-type receptors to regulate their quorum sensing (QS) target loci. AHL-QS circuits are the best studied QS systems; however, many proteobacterial genomes also contain one or more LuxR solos, which are QS-related LuxR proteins which are unpaired to a cognate LuxI. A few LuxR solos have been implicated in intraspecies, interspecies, and interkingdom signaling. Here, we report that LuxR solo homologs occur considerably more frequently than complete LuxI/LuxR QS systems within the Pseudomonas fluorescens group of species and that they are characterized by different genomic organizations and primary structures and can be subdivided into several subgroups. The P. fluorescens group consists of more than 50 species, many of which are found in plant-associated environments. The role of LuxR solos in cell-cell signaling in fluorescent pseudomonads is discussed.
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Regulatory Cross Talk between Motility and Interbacterial Communication in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00510-20. [PMID: 33257526 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00510-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FliA is a broadly conserved σ factor that directs transcription of genes involved in flagellar motility. We previously identified FliA-transcribed genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and we showed that E. coli FliA transcribes many unstable, noncoding RNAs from intragenic promoters. Here, we show that FliA in S Typhimurium also directs the transcription of large numbers of unstable, noncoding RNAs from intragenic promoters, and we identify two previously unreported FliA-transcribed protein-coding genes. One of these genes, sdiA, encodes a transcription factor that responds to quorum-sensing signals produced by other bacteria. We show that FliA-dependent transcription of sdiA is required for SdiA activity, highlighting a regulatory link between flagellar motility and intercellular communication.IMPORTANCE Initiation of bacterial transcription requires association of a σ factor with the core RNA polymerase to facilitate sequence-specific recognition of promoter elements. FliA is a widely conserved σ factor that directs transcription of genes involved in flagellar motility. We previously showed that Escherichia coli FliA transcribes many unstable, noncoding RNAs from promoters within genes. Here, we demonstrate the same phenomenon in Salmonella Typhimurium. We also show that S Typhimurium FliA directs transcription of the sdiA gene, which encodes a transcription factor that responds to quorum-sensing signals produced by other bacteria. FliA-dependent transcription of sdiA is required for transcriptional control of SdiA target genes, highlighting a regulatory link between flagellar motility and intercellular communication.
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Luiz de Freitas L, Pereira da Silva F, Fernandes KM, Carneiro DG, Licursi de Oliveira L, Martins GF, Dantas Vanetti MC. The virulence of Salmonella Enteritidis in Galleria mellonella is improved by N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104730. [PMID: 33444697 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a food and waterborne pathogen responsible for outbreaks worldwide, and it can survive during passage through the stomach and inside host phagocytic cells. Virulence genes are required for infection and survival in macrophages, and some are under the regulation of the quorum sensing (QS) system. This study investigated the influence of the autoinducer 1 (AI-1), N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), on the virulence of Salmonella PT4 using Galleria mellonella as an infection model. Salmonella PT4 was grown in the presence and absence of C12-HSL under anaerobic conditions for 7 h, and the expression of rpoS, arcA, arcB, and invA genes was evaluated. After the inoculation of G. mellonella with the median lethal dose (LD50) of Salmonella PT4, the survival of bacteria inside the larvae and their health status (health index scoring) were monitored, as well as the pigment, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) production. Also, the hemocyte viability, the induction of caspase-3, and microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3) protein in hemocytes were evaluated. Salmonella PT4 growing in the presence of C12-HSL showed increased rpoS, arcA, arcB, and invA expression and promoted higher larvae mortality and worse state of health after 24 h of infection. The C12-HSL also increased the persistence of Salmonella PT4 in the hemolymph and in the hemocytes. The highest pigmentation, NO production, and antioxidant enzymes were verified in the larva hemolymph infected with Salmonella PT4 grown with C12-HSL. Hemocytes from larvae infected with Salmonella PT4 grown with C12-HSL showed lower viability and higher production of caspase-3 and LC3. Taken together, these findings suggest that C12-HSL could be involved in the virulence of Salmonella PT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Luiz de Freitas
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deisy Guimarães Carneiro
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia P. Duddy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States of America
| | - Bonnie L. Bassler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Loganathan R, Kim JH, Wells MB, Andrew DJ. Secrets of secretion-How studies of the Drosophila salivary gland have informed our understanding of the cellular networks underlying secretory organ form and function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 143:1-36. [PMID: 33820619 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Secretory organs are critical for organismal survival. Yet, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing their development and maintenance remain unclear for most model secretory organs. The Drosophila embryonic salivary gland (SG) remedies this deficiency as one of the few organs wherein direct connections from the expression of the early patterning genes to cell specification to organ architecture and functional specialization can be made. Few other models of secretion can be accorded this distinction. Studies from the past three decades have made enormous strides in parsing out the roles of distinct transcription factors (TFs) that direct major steps in furnishing this secretory organ. In the first step of specifying the salivary gland, the activity of the Hox factors Sex combs reduced, Extradenticle, and Homothorax activate expression of fork head (fkh), sage, and CrebA, which code for the major suite of TFs that carry forward the task of organ building and maintenance. Then, in the second key step of building the SG, the program for cell fate maintenance and morphogenesis is deployed. Fkh maintains the secretory cell fate by regulating its own expression and that of sage and CrebA. Fkh and Sage maintain secretory cell viability by actively blocking apoptotic cell death. Fkh, along with two other TFs, Hkb and Rib, also coordinates organ morphogenesis, transforming two plates of precursor cells on the embryo surface into elongated internalized epithelial tubes. Acquisition of functional specialization, the third key step, is mediated by CrebA and Fkh working in concert with Sage and yet another TF, Sens. CrebA directly upregulates expression of all of the components of the secretory machinery as well as other genes (e.g., Xbp1) necessary for managing the physiological stress that inexorably accompanies high secretory load. Secretory cargo specificity is controlled by Sage and Sens in collaboration with Fkh. Investigations have also uncovered roles for various signaling pathways, e.g., Dpp signaling, EGF signaling, GPCR signaling, and cytoskeletal signaling, and their interactions within the gene regulatory networks that specify, build, and specialize the SG. Collectively, studies of the SG have expanded our knowledge of secretory dynamics, cell polarity, and cytoskeletal mechanics in the context of organ development and function. Notably, the embryonic SG has made the singular contribution as a model system that revealed the core function of CrebA in scaling up secretory capacity, thus, serving as the pioneer system in which the conserved roles of the mammalian Creb3/3L-family orthologues were first discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajprasad Loganathan
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael B Wells
- Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, ID, United States
| | - Deborah J Andrew
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Cui Z, Li Z, Jin Y, Ren T, Chen J, Wang X, Zhong K, Tang L, Tang Y, Cao M. Novel magnetic fluorescence probe based on carbon quantum dots-doped molecularly imprinted polymer for AHLs signaling molecules sensing in fish juice and milk. Food Chem 2020; 328:127063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Hosseinzadeh S, Dastmalchi Saei H, Ahmadi M, Zahraei-Salehi T. Anti-quorum sensing effects of licochalcone A and epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from poultry sources. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2020; 11:273-279. [PMID: 33133465 PMCID: PMC7597796 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.95102.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density-dependent mechanism used by many pathogenic bacteria for regulating virulence gene expression. Inhibition or interruption of QS by medicinal plant remedies has been suggested as a new strategy for fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess the impact of sub-inhibitory concentrations of licochalcone A (LAA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as natural plant products on the QS-associated genes (sdiA and luxS) expression. The PCR test was used to confirm the presence of sdiA and luxS genes in 23 S. Typhimurium isolates from poultry. The quantitative real-time PCR assay was used to analyze the expression of sdiA and luxS in S. Typhimurium isolates in response to the treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of LAA and EGCG at 45-min time point. All S. Typhimurium isolates showed the presence of sdiA and luxS genes (100%). As result, the expression of QS-related genes was significantly reduced in S. Typhimurium isolates following treatment with LAA and EGCG. In conclusion, LAA and EGCG showed anti-QS activity with down-regulation of both sdiA and luxS genes in S. Typhimurium, suggesting potential therapeutic use of them against salmonellosis. However, it must be pointed out that the safety and efficiency of these compounds need more thorough research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Habib Dastmalchi Saei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Malahat Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei-Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Khan F, Javaid A, Kim YM. Functional Diversity of Quorum Sensing Receptors in Pathogenic Bacteria: Interspecies, Intraspecies and Interkingdom Level. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:655-667. [PMID: 30468123 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181123123333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria is considered as one of the most powerful mechanisms/modes of resistance against the action of several antibiotics. Biofilm is formed as a structural adherent over the surfaces of host, food and equipments etc. and is further functionally coordinated by certain chemicals produced itself. These chemicals are known as quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules and are involved in the cross talk at interspecies, intraspecies and interkingdom levels thus resulting in the production of virulence factors leading to pathogenesis. Bacteria possess receptors to sense these chemicals, which interact with the incoming QS molecules. It is followed by the secretion of virulence molecules, regulation of bioluminescence, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance development and motility behavioral responses. In the natural environment, different bacterial species (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) produce QS signaling molecules that are structurally and functionally different. Recent and past research shows that various antagonistic molecules (naturally and chemically synthesized) are characterized to inhibit the formation of biofilm and attenuation of bacterial virulence by blocking the QS receptors. This review article describes about the diverse QS receptors at their structural, functional and production levels. Thus, by blocking these receptors with inhibitory molecules can be a potential therapeutic approach to control pathogenesis. Furthermore, these receptors can also be used as a structural platform to screen the most potent inhibitors with the help of bioinformatics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P, India
| | - Aqib Javaid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P, India
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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32
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Syed Yaacob SN, Wahab RA, Huyop F, Lani MN, Zin NM. Morphological alterations in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria exposed to minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of raw Malaysian stingless bee honey. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1788421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizam Lani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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33
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Yang X, Sun J, Cui F, Ji J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Sun X. An eco-friendly sensor based on CQD@MIPs for detection of N-acylated homoserine lactones and its 3D printing applications. Talanta 2020; 219:121343. [PMID: 32887072 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), a class of auto-inducers produced by Gram-negative bacteria, are typical signaling molecules in quorum sensing (QS) systems. Importantly, AHLs play a key role in determining the virulence of foodborne pathogens and reflect the activity of spoilage bacteria. In this study, an eco-friendly fluorescence-sensing platform for the rapid and sensitive detection of AHLs was developed and characterized. Molecularly imprinted polymers embedded with yellow-emitting carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were obtained via the sol-gel process using furanone as an alternative template molecule, and long-wave-emitting CQDs with excellent optical properties were used as signal conversion materials. After template elution, the blotting cavities on the surface of the CQD@MIPs (molecularly imprinted polymers) were able to selectively recognize AHLs, demonstrating a stronger fluorescence response compared with the corresponding CQD@NIPs (non-imprinted polymers). Under optimal test conditions, a good linear relationship between the concentration of analyte and the relative fluorescence intensity of the CQD@MIPs was observed. The linear detection range was 0-2.0 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.067 μM. Importantly, the proposed sensing platform functioned as an optical detection strategy that responded quickly (2 min) to AHLs. Additionally, this sensing platform was applied to the analysis of AHLs in bacterial supernatant samples with satisfactory results. More interestingly, the 3D-printing CQD@MIPs were tentative explored in this work, which was personalized and portable, has an advantage of point of care testing (POCT) detection in the future. Based on these results, this detection strategy has demonstrated substantial potential for application in and the field of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fangchao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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LuxR Solos in the Plant Endophyte Kosakonia sp. Strain KO348. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00622-20. [PMID: 32332134 PMCID: PMC7301841 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00622-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell signaling in bacteria allows a synchronized and coordinated behavior of a microbial community. LuxR solos represent a subfamily of proteins in proteobacteria which most commonly detect and respond to signals produced exogenously by other microbes or eukaryotic hosts. Here, we report that a plant-beneficial bacterial endophyte belonging to the novel genus of Kosakonia possesses two LuxR solos; one is involved in the detection of exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals and the other in detecting a compound(s) produced by the host plant. These two Kosakonia LuxR solos are therefore most likely involved in interspecies and interkingdom signaling. Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside plants and are often beneficial for the host. Kosakonia is a novel bacterial genus that includes several species that are diazotrophic and plant associated. This study revealed two quorum sensing-related LuxR solos, designated LoxR and PsrR, in the plant endophyte Kosakonia sp. strain KO348. LoxR modeling and biochemical studies demonstrated that LoxR binds N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) in a promiscuous way. PsrR, on the other hand, belongs to the subfamily of plant-associated-bacterium (PAB) LuxR solos that respond to plant compounds. Target promoter studies as well as modeling and phylogenetic comparisons suggest that PAB LuxR solos are likely to respond to different plant compounds. Finally, LoxR is involved in the regulation of T6SS and PsrR plays a role in root endosphere colonization. IMPORTANCE Cell-cell signaling in bacteria allows a synchronized and coordinated behavior of a microbial community. LuxR solos represent a subfamily of proteins in proteobacteria which most commonly detect and respond to signals produced exogenously by other microbes or eukaryotic hosts. Here, we report that a plant-beneficial bacterial endophyte belonging to the novel genus of Kosakonia possesses two LuxR solos; one is involved in the detection of exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals and the other in detecting a compound(s) produced by the host plant. These two Kosakonia LuxR solos are therefore most likely involved in interspecies and interkingdom signaling.
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35
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Holden ER, Webber MA. MarA, RamA, and SoxS as Mediators of the Stress Response: Survival at a Cost. Front Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 32431683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To survive and adapt to changing environments, bacteria have evolved mechanisms to express appropriate genes at appropriate times. Exposure to antimicrobials triggers a global stress response in Enterobacteriaceae, underpinned by activation of a family of transcriptional regulators, including MarA, RamA, and SoxS. These control a program of altered gene expression allowing a rapid and measured response to improve fitness in the presence of toxic drugs. Increased expression of marA, ramA, and soxS up regulates efflux activity to allow detoxification of the cell. However, this also results in trade-offs in other phenotypes, such as impaired growth rates, biofilm formation and virulence. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the trade-offs that exist between drug survival and other phenotypes that result from induction of marA, ramA, and soxS. Additionally, we present some new findings linking expression of these regulators and biofilm formation in Enterobacteriaceae, thereby demonstrating the interconnected nature of regulatory networks within the cell and explaining how trade-offs can exist between important phenotypes. This has important implications for our understanding of how bacterial virulence and biofilms can be influenced by exposure to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Holden
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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36
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Holden ER, Webber MA. MarA, RamA, and SoxS as Mediators of the Stress Response: Survival at a Cost. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:828. [PMID: 32431683 PMCID: PMC7216687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To survive and adapt to changing environments, bacteria have evolved mechanisms to express appropriate genes at appropriate times. Exposure to antimicrobials triggers a global stress response in Enterobacteriaceae, underpinned by activation of a family of transcriptional regulators, including MarA, RamA, and SoxS. These control a program of altered gene expression allowing a rapid and measured response to improve fitness in the presence of toxic drugs. Increased expression of marA, ramA, and soxS up regulates efflux activity to allow detoxification of the cell. However, this also results in trade-offs in other phenotypes, such as impaired growth rates, biofilm formation and virulence. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the trade-offs that exist between drug survival and other phenotypes that result from induction of marA, ramA, and soxS. Additionally, we present some new findings linking expression of these regulators and biofilm formation in Enterobacteriaceae, thereby demonstrating the interconnected nature of regulatory networks within the cell and explaining how trade-offs can exist between important phenotypes. This has important implications for our understanding of how bacterial virulence and biofilms can be influenced by exposure to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Holden
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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37
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Kublanovskaya A, Solovchenko A, Fedorenko T, Chekanov K, Lobakova E. Natural Communities of Carotenogenic Chlorophyte Haematococcus lacustris and Bacteria from the White Sea Coastal Rock Ponds. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:785-800. [PMID: 31676992 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris is a biotechnologically important green unicellular alga producing widely used keta-karotenoid astaxanthin. In natural habitats, it exists in the form of algal-bacterial community, and under laboratory conditions, it is also accompanied by bacteria. The issue of the bacterial composition of industrial algal cultures is widely recognized as important. However, there is a dearth of information about bacterial composition of H. lacustris communities. In current work, we analyze the composition of natural H. lacustris communities from the White Sea coastal temporal rock ponds. For the first time, a 16S rRNA gene-based metagenome of natural H. lacustris bacterial communities has been generated. Main results of its analysis are as follow. Bacterial families Comamonadaceae, Cytophagaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Rhodocyclaceae were observed in all studied H. lacustris natural communities. They also contained genera Hydrogenophaga and Cytophaga. Bacteria from the Hydrogenophaga genus were present in H. lacustris cultures after their isolation under the conditions of laboratory cultivation. Similar to other planktonic microalgae, H. lacustris forms a phycosphere around the cells. In this zone, bacteria attached to the algal surface. The contact between H. lacustris and bacteria is maintained even after sample drying. The study provides information about possible members of H. lacustris core microbiome, which can be presented in the industrial and laboratory cultures of the microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kublanovskaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Tatyana Fedorenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chekanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Centre for Humanities Research and Technology, National Research Nuclear University MEPhi, Moscow, 115409, Russia.
| | - Elena Lobakova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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38
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Mao L, Qin Y, Kang J, Wu B, Huang L, Wang S, Zhang M, Zhang J, Zhang R, Yan Q. Role of LuxR-type regulators in fish pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:215-225. [PMID: 31770821 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
LuxR-type transcriptional factors are essential in many bacterial physiological processes. However, there have been no reports on their roles in Aeromonas hydrophila. In this study, six stable silent strains were constructed using shRNA. Significant decreases in the expression levels of luxR05 , luxR08 , luxR19 , luxR11 , luxR164 and luxR165 were shown in their respective strains by qRT-PCR. The luxR05 -RNAi and luxR164 -RNAi exhibit the most significant changes in sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamicin. The luxR05 -RNAi showed minimum biofilm formation and the least motility, while luxR164 -RNAi showed minimum biofilm formation, adhesion, growth and extracellular protease activity compared to the wild-type strain. In summary, the results of this paper suggest that all six luxR genes are involved in multiple physiological processes in A. hydrophila and that the roles of luxR05 and luxR164 are highly significant. The sensitivity of luxR05 -RNAi and luxR164 -RNAi to drugs may be closely related to biofilm formation. The luxR05 may play an important role in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila by regulating the movement, adhesion and biofilm formation of bacteria, whereas luxR164 may be involved in similar functions by regulating bacterial adhesion, extracellular enzyme activity and growth. These results help further our understanding of the drug resistance and pathogenesis of A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Mao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianping Kang
- Fujian Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Fujian Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Suyun Wang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Fuzhou, China
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Ćwiek K, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Wieliczko A. Salmonella biofilm development: Structure and significance. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2019. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is capable of adhering and forming a biofilm on materials of different kinds during their life cycle, contaminating the food chain, thus representing a potential danger for consumers. This review discusses the ability of Salmonella to form biofilm as the main obstacle to reducing the prevalence of these pathogens in food production. The components of Salmonella biofilm, such as cellulose, curli fimbriae, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and their molecular bases are described, as well as various Salmonella morphotypes (rdar, bdar, pdar and saw). OMPs play very important roles in the cells of Salmonella strains, because they are at the interface between the pathogenic cells and the host tissue and they can contribute to adherence, colonization, virulence and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the importance of quorum sensing is discussed as a crucial factor regulating the properties of biofilm formation and pathogenicity. To further illustrate that biofilm formation is a mechanism used by Salmonella to adapt to various environments, the resistance of Salmonella biofilms against different stress factors including antimicrobials (disinfectants, antibiotics and plant extracts) is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ćwiek
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
| | | | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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Sivasankar C, Jha NK, Ghosh R, Shetty PH. Anti quorum sensing and anti virulence activity of tannic acid and it's potential to breach resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhi / Paratyphi A clinical isolates. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103813. [PMID: 31654777 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Typhi and Paratyphi A are food borne pathogens causing typhoid, which is one of the most important food borne disease in the developing world. S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A are of much concern as multi drug resistance has been on the rise. The current study is aimed to screen phytochemicals for anti quorum sensing (QS) activity against S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Upon screening with swarming assay, tannic acid (TA) showed highest anti-QS activity with minimal concentration of 400μg/ml. The anti-QS activity of TA was confirmed with C. violaceum ATCC 12,472. TA showed 38-43% and 35-50% of inhibition in cell surface hydrophobicity and EPS production respectively. Through FTIR analysis, it has been observed that EPS of treated cells has a considerable change in protein and peptide. TA has also exhibited drastic reduction in the surfactant production as high as 85-90%. Blood sensitivity and antibiotic sensitivity assay revealed that TA significantly sensitizes the S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A cells to immune components in human blood and antibiotics. It has reduced the resistance of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A cells against amikacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin, thus revitalized the usage of these antibiotics against drug resistant S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A infections. The consistency of anti-QS potential of TA was further evaluated and established with another eight clinical isolates of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Thus TA has been proved as a promising anti QS agent that can be developed as a therapeutic combination against S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Nisha Kumari Jha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Ruchira Ghosh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
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Chua KO, See-Too WS, Ee R, Lim YL, Yin WF, Chan KG. In silico Analysis Reveals Distribution of Quorum Sensing Genes and Consistent Presence of LuxR Solos in the Pandoraea Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1758. [PMID: 31447806 PMCID: PMC6691176 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common quorum sensing (QS) system in Gram-negative bacteria consists of signaling molecules called N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), which are synthesized by an enzyme AHL synthase (LuxI) and detected by a transcriptional regulator (LuxR) that are usually located in close proximity. However, many recent studies have also evidenced the presence of LuxR solos that are LuxR-related proteins in Proteobacteria that are devoid of a cognate LuxI AHL synthase. Pandoraea species are opportunistic pathogens frequently isolated from sputum specimens of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We have previously shown that P. pnomenusa strains possess QS activity. In this study, we examined the presence of QS activity in all type strains of Pandoraea species and acquired their complete genome sequences for holistic bioinformatics analyses of QS-related genes. Only four out of nine type strains (P. pnomenusa, P. sputorum, P. oxalativorans, and P. vervacti) showed QS activity, and C8-HSL was the only AHL detected. A total of 10 canonical luxIs with adjacent luxRs were predicted by bioinformatics from the complete genomes of aforementioned species and publicly available Pandoraea genomes. No orphan luxI was identified in any of the genomes. However, genes for two LuxR solos (LuxR2 and LuxR3 solos) were identified in all Pandoraea genomes (except two draft genomes with one LuxR solo gene), and P. thiooxydans was the only species that harbored no QS-related activity and genes. Except the canonical LuxR genes, LuxIs and LuxR solos of Pandoraea species were distantly related to the other well-characterized QS genes based on phylogenetic clustering. LuxR2 and LuxR3 solos might represent two novel evolutionary branches of LuxR system as they were found exclusively only in the genus. As a few luxR solos were located in close proximity with prophage sequence regions in the genomes, we thus postulated that these luxR solos could be transmitted into genus Pandoraea by transduction process mediated by bacteriophage. The bioinformatics approach developed in this study forms the basis for further characterization of closely related species. Overall, our findings improve the current understanding of QS in Pandoraea species, which is a potential pharmacological target in battling Pandoraea infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah-Ooi Chua
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Seng See-Too
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robson Ee
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yan-Lue Lim
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kindler O, Pulkkinen O, Cherstvy AG, Metzler R. Burst statistics in an early biofilm quorum sensing model: the role of spatial colony-growth heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12077. [PMID: 31427659 PMCID: PMC6700081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum-sensing bacteria in a growing colony of cells send out signalling molecules (so-called “autoinducers”) and themselves sense the autoinducer concentration in their vicinity. Once—due to increased local cell density inside a “cluster” of the growing colony—the concentration of autoinducers exceeds a threshold value, cells in this clusters get “induced” into a communal, multi-cell biofilm-forming mode in a cluster-wide burst event. We analyse quantitatively the influence of spatial disorder, the local heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of cells in the colony, and additional physical parameters such as the autoinducer signal range on the induction dynamics of the cell colony. Spatial inhomogeneity with higher local cell concentrations in clusters leads to earlier but more localised induction events, while homogeneous distributions lead to comparatively delayed but more concerted induction of the cell colony, and, thus, a behaviour close to the mean-field dynamics. We quantify the induction dynamics with quantifiers such as the time series of induction events and burst sizes, the grouping into induction families, and the mean autoinducer concentration levels. Consequences for different scenarios of biofilm growth are discussed, providing possible cues for biofilm control in both health care and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kindler
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Otto Pulkkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrey G Cherstvy
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Mohamed Ben Ali Y, Tazir K. Stochastic simulation of quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri based on P System. EVOLVING SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12530-018-9226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Interspecies Chemical Signaling in a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterial Community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02702-18. [PMID: 30709826 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02702-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple species of bacteria oxidize methane in the environment after it is produced by anaerobic ecosystems. These organisms provide reduced carbon substrates for species that cannot oxidize methane themselves, thereby serving a key role in these niches while also sequestering this potent greenhouse gas before it enters the atmosphere. Deciphering the molecular details of how methane-oxidizing bacteria interact in the environment enables us to understand an important aspect that shapes the structures and functions of these communities. Here we show that many members of the Methylomonas genus possess a LuxR-type acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) receptor/transcription factor that is highly homologous to MbaR from the quorum-sensing (QS) system of Methylobacter tundripaludum, another methane oxidizer that has been isolated from the same environment. We reconstitute this detection system in Escherichia coli and use mutant and transcriptomic analysis to show that the receptor/transcription factor from Methylomonas sp. strain LW13 is active and alters LW13 gene expression in response to the acyl-HSL produced by M. tundripaludum These findings provide a molecular mechanism for how two species of bacteria that may compete for resources in the environment can interact in a specific manner through a chemical signal.IMPORTANCE Methanotrophs are bacteria that sequester methane, a significant greenhouse gas, and thereby perform an important ecosystem function. Understanding the mechanisms by which these organisms interact in the environment may ultimately allow us to manipulate and to optimize this activity. Here we show that members of a genus of methane-oxidizing bacteria can be influenced by a chemical signal produced by a possibly competing species. This provides insight into how gene expression can be controlled in these bacterial communities via an exogenous chemical signal.
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Gorelik O, Levy N, Shaulov L, Yegodayev K, Meijler MM, Sal-Man N. Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-1 enhances the virulence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4122. [PMID: 30858454 PMCID: PMC6411865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under the age of five. The bacterial species, Vibrio cholerae and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), are among the main pathogens that cause diarrhoeal diseases, which are associated with high mortality rates. These two pathogens have a common infection site-the small intestine. While it is known that both pathogens utilize quorum sensing (QS) to determine their population size, it is not yet clear whether potential bacterial competitors can also use this information. In this study, we examined the ability of EPEC to determine V. cholerae population sizes and to modulate its own virulence mechanisms accordingly. We found that EPEC virulence is enhanced in response to elevated concentrations of cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1), even though neither a CAI-1 synthase nor CAI-1 receptors have been reported in E. coli. This CAI-1 sensing and virulence upregulation response may facilitate the ability of EPEC to coordinate successful colonization of a host co-infected with V. cholerae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observed example of 'eavesdropping' between two bacterial pathogens that is based on interspecies sensing of a QS molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Gorelik
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Niva Levy
- The Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lihi Shaulov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ksenia Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael M Meijler
- The Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Neta Sal-Man
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Buckley KM, Schuh NW, Heyland A, Rast JP. Analysis of immune response in the sea urchin larva. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 150:333-355. [PMID: 30777183 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin larvae deploy a complex immune system in the context of relatively simple morphology. Several types of phagocytic or granular immune cells respond rapidly to microbes and microbial components within the body cavity. Many of these cells also respond to microbial disturbances in the gut lumen. In the course of immune response, hundreds of genes are up- and downregulated, many of which have homologs involved in immunity in other species. Thus, the larval sea urchin provides an experimentally advantageous model for investigating the response to immune challenge at the level of cell behavior and gene regulatory networks. Importantly, the morphological simplicity and optical clarity of these larvae allow studies to be carried out within the intact animal. Here, we outline techniques to probe and visualize the immune system of the feeding sea urchin larva, particularly for quantifying gene expression and cell migration as the animal responds to both pathogens and symbionts. Techniques addressed in this chapter include (1) exposure of larvae to microbes and microbial products in sea water and by blastocoelar microinjection, (2) time-lapse imaging of immune response, (3) isolation of culturable bacteria associated with feeding larvae, (4) quantification of larval associations with isolated bacterial strains and (5) preparation of secreted products from isolated bacteria for testing in larval culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Buckley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas W Schuh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Heyland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Rast
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Emory University School of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Habimana JDD, Ji J, Pi F, Karangwa E, Sun J, Guo W, Cui F, Shao J, Ntakirutimana C, Sun X. A class-specific artificial receptor-based on molecularly imprinted polymer-coated quantum dot centers for the detection of signaling molecules, N-acyl-homoserine lactones present in gram-negative bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:134-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Styles MJ, Blackwell HE. Non-native autoinducer analogs capable of modulating the SdiA quorum sensing receptor in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2651-2664. [PMID: 30410627 PMCID: PMC6204753 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) allows many common bacterial pathogens to coordinate group behaviors such as virulence factor production, host colonization, and biofilm formation at high population densities. This cell–cell signaling process is regulated by N-acyl L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals, or autoinducers, and LuxR-type receptors in Gram-negative bacteria. SdiA is an orphan LuxR-type receptor found in Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter genera that responds to AHL signals produced by other species and regulates genes involved in several aspects of host colonization. The inhibition of QS using non-native small molecules that target LuxR-type receptors offers a non-biocidal approach for studying, and potentially controlling, virulence in these bacteria. To date, few studies have characterized the features of AHLs and other small molecules capable of SdiA agonism, and no SdiA antagonists have been reported. Herein, we report the screening of a set of AHL analogs to both uncover agonists and antagonists of SdiA and to start to delineate structure–activity relationships (SARs) for SdiA:AHL interactions. Using a cell-based reporter of SdiA in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, several non-natural SdiA agonists and the first set of SdiA antagonists were identified and characterized. These compounds represent new chemical probes for exploring the mechanisms by which SdiA functions during infection and its role in interspecies interactions. Moreover, as SdiA is highly stable when produced in vitro, these compounds could advance fundamental studies of LuxR-type receptor:ligand interactions that engender both agonism and antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Styles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Helen E Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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de Almeida FA, Carneiro DG, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Barros E, Pinto UM, de Oliveira LL, Vanetti MCD. N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone influences the levels of thiol and proteins related to oxidation-reduction process in Salmonella. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204673. [PMID: 30304064 PMCID: PMC6179229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a cell-cell communication mechanism mediated by chemical signals that leads to differential gene expression in response to high population density. Salmonella is unable to synthesize the autoinducer-1 (AI-1), N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), but is able to recognize AHLs produced by other microorganisms through SdiA protein. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid and protein profiles of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 578 throughout time of cultivation in the presence of AHL. The presence of N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) altered the fatty acid and protein profiles of Salmonella cultivated during 4, 6, 7, 12 and 36 h in anaerobic condition. The profiles of Salmonella Enteritidis at logarithmic phase of growth (4 h of cultivation), in the presence of C12-HSL, were similar to those of cells at late stationary phase (36 h). In addition, there was less variation in both protein and fatty acid profiles along growth, suggesting that this quorum sensing signal anticipated a stationary phase response. The presence of C12-HSL increased the abundance of thiol related proteins such as Tpx, Q7CR42, Q8ZP25, YfgD, AhpC, NfsB, YdhD and TrxA, as well as the levels of free cellular thiol after 6 h of cultivation, suggesting that these cells have greater potential to resist oxidative stress. Additionally, the LuxS protein which synthesizes the AI-2 signaling molecule was differentially abundant in the presence of C12-HSL. The NfsB protein had its abundance increased in the presence of C12-HSL at all evaluated times, which is a suggestion that the cells may be susceptible to the action of nitrofurans or that AHLs present some toxicity. Overall, the presence of C12-HSL altered important pathways related to oxidative stress and stationary phase response in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edvaldo Barros
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Shigella is an intracellular pathogen that invades the human host cell cytosol and exploits intracellular nutrients for growth, enabling the bacterium to create its own metabolic niche. For Shigella to effectively invade and replicate within the host cytoplasm, it must sense and adapt to changing environmental conditions; however, the mechanisms and signals sensed by S. flexneri are largely unknown. We have found that the secreted Shigella metabolism by-product formate regulates Shigella intracellular virulence gene expression and its ability to spread among epithelial cells. We propose that Shigella senses formate accumulation in the host cytosol as a way to determine intracellular Shigella density and regulate secreted virulence factors accordingly, enabling spatiotemporal regulation of effectors important for dampening the host immune response. The intracellular human pathogen Shigella flexneri invades the colon epithelium, replicates to high cell density within the host cell, and then spreads to adjacent epithelial cells. When S. flexneri gains access to the host cytosol, the bacteria metabolize host cytosolic carbon using glycolysis and mixed acid fermentation, producing formate as a by-product. We show that S. flexneri infection results in the accumulation of formate within the host cell. Loss of pyruvate formate lyase (PFL; ΔpflB), which converts pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and formate, eliminates S. flexneri formate production and reduces the ability of S. flexneri to form plaques in epithelial cell monolayers. This defect in PFL does not decrease the intracellular growth rate of S. flexneri; rather, it affects cell-to-cell spread. The S. flexneri ΔpflB mutant plaque defect is complemented by supplying exogenous formate; conversely, deletion of the S. flexneri formate dehydrogenase gene fdnG increases host cell formate accumulation and S. flexneri plaque size. Furthermore, exogenous formate increases plaque size of the wild-type (WT) S. flexneri strain and promotes S. flexneri cell-to-cell spread. We also demonstrate that formate increases the expression of S. flexneri virulence genes icsA and ipaJ. Intracellular S. flexneriicsA and ipaJ expression is dependent on the presence of formate, and ipaJ expression correlates with S. flexneri intracellular density during infection. Finally, consistent with elevated ipaJ, we show that formate alters S. flexneri-infected host interferon- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene expression. We propose that Shigella-derived formate is an intracellular signal that modulates virulence in response to bacterial metabolism.
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