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Biagioni C, Traini C, Faussone‐Pellegrini MS, Idrizaj E, Baccari MC, Vannucchi MG. Prebiotics counteract the morphological and functional changes secondary to chronic cisplatin exposition in the proximal colon of mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18161. [PMID: 38445787 PMCID: PMC10915824 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an antimitotic drug able to cause acute and chronic gastrointestinal side effects. Acute side effects are attributable to mucositis while chronic ones are due to neuropathy. Cisplatin has also antibiotic properties inducing dysbiosis which enhances the inflammatory response, worsening local damage. Thus, a treatment aimed at protecting the microbiota could prevent or reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. Furthermore, since a healthy microbiota enhances the effects of some chemotherapeutic drugs, prebiotics could also improve this drug effectiveness. We investigated whether chronic cisplatin administration determined morphological and functional alterations in mouse proximal colon and whether a diet enriched in prebiotics had protective effects. The results showed that cisplatin caused lack of weight gain, increase in kaolin intake, decrease in stool production and mucus secretion. Prebiotics prevented increases in kaolin intake, changes in stool production and mucus secretion, but had no effect on the lack of weight gain. Moreover, cisplatin determined a reduction in amplitude of spontaneous muscular contractions and of Connexin (Cx)43 expression in the interstitial cells of Cajal, changes that were partially prevented by prebiotics. In conclusion, the present study shows that daily administration of prebiotics, likely protecting the microbiota, prevents most of the colonic cisplatin-induced alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Biagioni
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Chiara Traini
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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López-Tofiño Y, de Sosa F, Vera G, López-Gómez L, Herradón E, López-Miranda V, Nurgali K, Uranga JA, Abalo R. Effects of vincristine and monosodium glutamate on gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14704. [PMID: 37964110 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced adverse effects are an unresolved nightmare. In preclinical studies in rats, the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) improved some of the side effects caused by cisplatin, but its effects in other models of chemotherapy-treated animals are not well known. The aim of this study was to test if MSG may improve some of the adverse effects induced by vincristine in rats. METHODS Young male Wistar rats were exposed or not to MSG (4 g L-1 ) in drinking water from week 0 till 1 week after treatment (week 3). Rats received two cycles of five daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections (Monday to Friday, weeks 1 and 2) of either saline (2 mL kg-1 ) or vincristine (0.1 mg kg-1 ). Gastrointestinal motility was measured in vivo by radiological methods after the first and tenth ip administrations. On week 3, the threshold for mechanical somatic and colorectal sensitivity was recorded using Von Frey filaments applied to the paws and an intracolonic balloon, respectively. Finally, samples of the terminal ileum and distal colon were histologically evaluated in sections. KEY RESULTS Vincristine reduced body weight gain, food intake, and upper gastrointestinal transit, caused somatic (but not visceral) hypersensitivity and increased the thickness of the submucosal and muscle layers of the small intestine. In vincristine-treated animals, MSG partially prevented gastrointestinal dysmotility and reduced visceral sensitivity but did not improve structural alterations of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES MSG could be used as an adjuvant to conventional treatments to improve some gastrointestinal dysfunctions caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda López-Tofiño
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | | | - Gema Vera
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Esperanza Herradón
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Visitación López-Miranda
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - José A Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, Madrid, Spain
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Calsina-Berna A, González-Barboteo J, Llorens-Torromé S, Julià-Torras J. Antitumoral Agent-Induced Constipation: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:99. [PMID: 38201526 PMCID: PMC10778329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is a common symptom in patients receiving antitumoral treatment. The mechanisms underlying antitumoral agent-induced constipation (ATAIC) are poorly defined. This systematic review aimed to analyze and synthesize the available information related to the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC. METHODS A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. The review included human studies written in English, French, or Spanish involving patients with cancer and containing information about the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC. RESULTS A total of 73 articles were included. The reported prevalence ranged from 0.8% to 86.6%. Six studies reported an ATAIC prevalence of over 50%. The prevalence rates of constipation of grades 3 and 4 ranged between 0 and 11%. The importance of enteric neuronal integrity in gastrointestinal function was reported. The articles with the highest levels of evidence in relation to ATAIC treatment obtained in this systematic review studied treatments with acupuncture, sweet potato, osteopath, probiotics, and moxibustion. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of constipation in patients undergoing antitumoral treatment is very diverse. Studies specifically designed to report the prevalence of antineoplastic treatment-induced constipation are needed. The importance of enteric neuronal integrity in gastrointestinal function was described. Thus, neuroprotection could be an area of research for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Calsina-Berna
- Palliative Care Department, School of Medicine, The University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Palliative Care Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, 08908 Badalona, Spain
- Research and Knowledge Group in Palliative Care of Catalan Institute of Oncology (GRICOPAL), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Barboteo
- Research and Knowledge Group in Palliative Care of Catalan Institute of Oncology (GRICOPAL), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Palliative Care Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia-L'Hospitalet, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Llorens-Torromé
- Research and Knowledge Group in Palliative Care of Catalan Institute of Oncology (GRICOPAL), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Palliative Care Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia-L'Hospitalet, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Julià-Torras
- Palliative Care Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, 08908 Badalona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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López-Tofiño Y, Barragán del Caz LF, Benítez-Álvarez D, Molero-Mateo P, Nurgali K, Vera G, Bagües A, Abalo R. Contractility of isolated colonic smooth muscle strips from rats treated with cancer chemotherapy: differential effects of cisplatin and vincristine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1304609. [PMID: 38192512 PMCID: PMC10773793 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1304609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Certain antineoplastic drugs cause gastrointestinal disorders even after the end of treatment. Enteric neuropathy has been associated with some of these alterations. Our goal was to assess the impact of repeated treatment with cisplatin and vincristine on the contractility of circular and longitudinal muscle strips isolated from the rat colon. Methods Two cohorts of male rats were used: in cohort 1, rats received one intraperitoneal (ip) injection of saline or cisplatin (2 mg kg-1 week-1) on the first day of weeks 1-5; in cohort 2, rats received two cycles of five daily ip injections (Monday to Friday, weeks 1-2) of saline or vincristine (0.1 mg kg-1 day-1). Body weight and food and water intake were monitored throughout the study. One week after treatment, responses of colonic smooth muscle strips to acetylcholine (10-9-10-5 M) and electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.1-20 Hz), before and after atropine (10-6 M), were evaluated in an organ bath. Results Both drugs decreased body weight gain. Compared to saline, cisplatin significantly decreased responses of both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips to EFS, whereas vincristine tended to increase them, although in a non-significant manner. No differences were observed in the muscle response to acetylcholine. Atropine abolished the contractile responses induced by acetylcholine, although those induced by EFS were only partially reduced in the presence of atropine. Conclusion The findings suggest that although both drugs cause the development of enteric neuropathy, this seems to have a functional impact only in cisplatin-treated animals. Understanding the effects of chemotherapy on gastrointestinal motor function is vital for enhancing the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda López-Tofiño
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- International Doctoral School, URJC, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - David Benítez-Álvarez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Paula Molero-Mateo
- International Doctoral School, URJC, Móstoles, Spain
- Lescer Center (Neurological Rehabilitation), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gema Vera
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bagües
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, Madrid, Spain
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He Y, Zheng J, Ye B, Dai Y, Nie K. Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: Pathogenesis and current management. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115787. [PMID: 37666434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for malignant tumors. However, chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) has been a major concern for cancer patients, which reduces their quality of life and leads to treatment intolerance and even cessation. Nevertheless, prevention and treatment for CIGT are challenging, due to the prevalence and complexity of the condition. Chemotherapeutic drugs directly damage gastrointestinal mucosa to induce CIGT, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal mucositis, and diarrhea, etc. The pathogenesis of CIGT involves multiple factors, such as gut microbiota disorders, inflammatory responses and abnormal neurotransmitter levels, that synergistically contribute to its occurrence and development. In particular, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota is usually linked to abnormal immune responses that increases inflammatory cytokines' expression, which is a common characteristic of many types of CIGT. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal neurotoxicity is also a vital concern in CIGT. Currently, modern medicine is the dominant treatment of CIGT, however, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted interest as a complementary and alternative therapy that can greatly alleviate CIGT. Accordingly, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize the pathogenesis and current management of CIGT using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and proposed that future research for CIGT should focus on the gut microbiota, intestinal neurotoxicity, and promising TCM therapies, which may help to develop more effective interventions and optimize managements of CIGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingrui Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binbin Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongzhao Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Nie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Vera G, López-Gómez L, Girón R, Martín-Fontelles MI, Nurgali K, Abalo R, Uranga JA. Effect of the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2 on Neuropathic and Visceral Pain Induced by a Non-Diarrheagenic Dose of the Antitumoral Drug 5-Fluorouracil in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14430. [PMID: 37833878 PMCID: PMC10572311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat colorectal cancer, but it causes, among other adverse effects, diarrhea and mucositis, as well as enteric neuropathy, as shown in experimental animals. It might also cause neuropathic pain and alterations in visceral sensitivity, but this has not been studied in either patients or experimental animals. Cannabinoids have antimotility and analgesic effects and may alleviate 5-FU-induced adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on neuropathic and visceral pain induced by a non-diarrheagenic dose of 5-FU. Male Wistar rats received a dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and gastrointestinal motility, colonic sensitivity, gut wall structure and tactile sensitivity were evaluated. WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) was administered to evaluate its effect on somatic (50-100 µg ipl; 1 mg/kg, ip) and visceral (1 mg/kg, ip) sensitivity. The cannabinoid tetrad was used to assess the central effects of WIN (1 mg/kg, ip). 5-FU decreased food intake and body weight gain, produced mucositis and thermal hyperalgesia, but these effects were reduced afterwards, and were not accompanied by diarrhea. Tactile mechanical allodynia was also evident and persisted for 15 days. Interestingly, it was alleviated by WIN. 5-FU tended to increase colonic sensitivity whereas WIN reduced the abdominal contractions induced by increasing intracolonic pressure in both control and 5-FU-treated animals. Importantly, the alleviating effects of WIN against those induced by 5-FU were not accompanied by any effect in the cannabinoid tetrad. The activation of the peripheral cannabinoid system may be useful to alleviate neuropathic and visceral pain associated with antitumoral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vera
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
- Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
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Rahman AA, Masango P, Stavely R, Bertrand P, Page A, Nurgali K. Oxaliplatin-Induced Damage to the Gastric Innervation: Role in Nausea and Vomiting. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020276. [PMID: 36830645 PMCID: PMC9952961 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal side effects of oxaliplatin chemotherapy used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism underlying oxaliplatin-induced nausea and vomiting is unknown. The stomach is involved in the emetic reflex but no study investigated the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on the stomach. In this study, the in vivo effects of oxaliplatin treatment on eating behaviour, stomach content, intrinsic gastric neuronal population, extrinsic innervation to the stomach, levels of mucosal serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and parasympathetic vagal efferent nerve activity were analysed. Chronic systemic oxaliplatin treatment in mice resulted in pica, indicated by increased kaolin consumption and a reduction in body weight. Oxaliplatin treatment significantly increased the stomach weight and content. The total number of myenteric and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons as well as the density of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory fibres in the stomach were decreased significantly with oxaliplatin treatment. Oxaliplatin treatment significantly increased the levels in mucosal 5-HT and the number of enterochromaffin-like cells. Chronic oxaliplatin treatment also caused a significant increase in the vagal efferent nerve activity. The findings of this study indicate that oxaliplatin exposure has adverse effects on multiple components of gastric innervation, which could be responsible for pica and gastric dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Rahman
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Philenkosini Masango
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paul Bertrand
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Amanda Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-83958223
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8
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Richter MN, Fattahi F. Stem Cell-Based Models for Studying the Effects of Cancer and Cancer Therapies on the Peripheral Nervous System. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200009. [PMID: 35666079 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the complexity of cancer and cancer therapies and their interactions with the peripheral nervous system have come into focus, but limitations in experimental models have remained a significant challenge in the field. As evidence, there are currently no therapies approved that target cancer-peripheral nervous system or cancer therapy-peripheral nervous system interactions as an anti-neoplastic or anti-neurotoxic agent, respectively. Human pluripotent stem cells offer an appealing model system that, unlike rodent models, is compatible with high throughput, high content applications; techniques that reflect modern drug discovery methodologies. Thus, utilizing the key advantages of stem cell-based models in tandem with the strengths of traditional animal models offers a complementary and interdisciplinary strategy to advance cancer and cancer therapy-peripheral nervous system research and drug discovery. In this review, the current status of the cancer-peripheral nervous system and cancer therapy-peripheral nervous system research is discussed, examples where stem cell-based models have been implemented are described, and avenues where stem cell-based models may further advance the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla N Richter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
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9
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Was H, Borkowska A, Bagues A, Tu L, Liu JYH, Lu Z, Rudd JA, Nurgali K, Abalo R. Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:750507. [PMID: 35418856 PMCID: PMC8996259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.750507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first clinical trials conducted after World War II, chemotherapeutic drugs have been extensively used in the clinic as the main cancer treatment either alone or as an adjuvant therapy before and after surgery. Although the use of chemotherapeutic drugs improved the survival of cancer patients, these drugs are notorious for causing many severe side effects that significantly reduce the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment and patients’ quality of life. Many widely used chemotherapy drugs including platinum-based agents, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, and thalidomide analogs may cause direct and indirect neurotoxicity. In this review we discuss the main effects of chemotherapy on the peripheral and central nervous systems, including neuropathic pain, chemobrain, enteric neuropathy, as well as nausea and emesis. Understanding mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is crucial for the development of drugs that can protect the nervous system, reduce symptoms experienced by millions of patients, and improve the outcome of the treatment and patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Bagues
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Longlong Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Julia Y H Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zengbing Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John A Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Laboratory Animal Services Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Ribeiro AEAS, Ferreira EF, Leal JDS, Barberino RDS, Oliveira HPD, Palheta Junior RC. Involvement of MT2 receptors in protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal damage in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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11
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Perše M. Cisplatin Mouse Models: Treatment, Toxicity and Translatability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101406. [PMID: 34680523 PMCID: PMC8533586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of a wide range of pediatric and adult malignances. However, it has various side effects which limit its use. Cisplatin mouse models are widely used in studies investigating cisplatin therapeutic and toxic effects. However, despite numerous promising results, no significant improvement in treatment outcome has been achieved in humans. There are many drawbacks in the currently used cisplatin protocols in mice. In the paper, the most characterized cisplatin protocols are summarized together with weaknesses that need to be improved in future studies, including hydration and supportive care. As demonstrated, mice respond to cisplatin treatment in similar ways to humans. The paper thus aims to illustrate the complexity of cisplatin side effects (nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and myelotoxicity) and the interconnectedness and interdependence of pathomechanisms among tissues and organs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The paper offers knowledge that can help design future studies more efficiently and interpret study outcomes more critically. If we want to understand molecular mechanisms and find therapeutic agents that would have a potential benefit in clinics, we need to change our approach and start to treat animals as patients and not as tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Stavely R, Abalo R, Nurgali K. Targeting Enteric Neurons and Plexitis for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1428-1439. [PMID: 32416686 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200516173242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are pathological conditions with an unknown aetiology that are characterised by severe inflammation of the intestinal tract and collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current treatments are mostly ineffective due to their limited efficacy or toxicity, necessitating surgical resection of the affected bowel. The management of IBD is hindered by a lack of prognostic markers for clinical inflammatory relapse. Intestinal inflammation associates with the infiltration of immune cells (leukocytes) into, or surrounding the neuronal ganglia of the enteric nervous system (ENS) termed plexitis or ganglionitis. Histological observation of plexitis in unaffected intestinal regions is emerging as a vital predictive marker for IBD relapses. Plexitis associates with alterations to the structure, cellular composition, molecular expression and electrophysiological function of enteric neurons. Moreover, plexitis often occurs before the onset of gross clinical inflammation, which may indicate that plexitis can contribute to the progression of intestinal inflammation. In this review, the bilateral relationships between the ENS and inflammation are discussed. These include the effects and mechanisms of inflammation-induced enteric neuronal loss and plasticity. Additionally, the role of enteric neurons in preventing antigenic/pathogenic insult and immunomodulation is explored. While all current treatments target the inflammatory pathology of IBD, interventions that protect the ENS may offer an alternative avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Madrid, Spain,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System NeuGut-URJC
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Impact of chemotherapy-induced enteric nervous system toxicity on gastrointestinal mucositis. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2021; 14:293-300. [PMID: 32769620 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for many cancers; however, its use is hampered by a long list of side-effects. Gastrointestinal mucositis is a common and debilitating side-effect of anticancer therapy contributing to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment, greatly impacting clinical outcomes. The underlying pathophysiology of gastrointestinal mucositis is complex and likely involves several overlapping inflammatory, secretory and neural mechanisms, yet research investigating the role of innervation in gastrointestinal mucositis is scarce. This review provides an overview of the current literature surrounding chemotherapy-induced enteric neurotoxicity and discusses its implications on gastrointestinal mucositis. RECENT FINDINGS Damage to the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system (ENS), occurs following chemotherapeutic administration, leading to altered gastrointestinal functions. Chemotherapeutic drugs have various mechanisms of actions on the ENS. Oxidative stress, direct toxicity and inflammation have been identified as mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced ENS damage. Enteric neuroprotection has proven to be beneficial to reduce gastrointestinal dysfunction in animal models of oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuropathy. SUMMARY Understanding of the ENS role in chemotherapy-induced mucositis requires further investigation and might lead to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side-effects.
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14
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Peripheral Nervous System Involvement in Non-Primary Pediatric Cancer: From Neurotoxicity to Possible Etiologies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143016. [PMID: 34300182 PMCID: PMC8303855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a well described complication in children with cancer. Oncologists are generally well aware of the toxicity of the main agents, but fear the side effects of new drugs. As chemotherapeutic agents have been correlated with the activation of the immune system such as in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN), an abnormal response can lead to Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathy (APN). Although less frequent but more severe, Radiation Induced Peripheral Neuropathy may be related to irreversible peripheral nervous system (PNS). Pediatric cancer patients also have a higher risk of entering a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for complications related to therapy and disease. Injury to peripheral nerves is cumulative, and frequently, the additional stress of a malignancy and its therapy can unmask a subclinical neuropathy. Emerging risk factors for CIPN include treatment factors such as dose, duration and concurrent medication along with patient factors, namely age and inherited susceptibilities. The recent identification of individual genetic variations has advanced the understanding of physiopathological mechanisms and may direct future treatment approaches. More research is needed on pharmacological agents for the prevention or treatment of the condition as well as rehabilitation interventions, in order to allow for the simultaneous delivery of optimal cancer therapy and the mitigation of toxicity associated with pain and functional impairment. The aim of this paper is to review literature data regarding PNS complications in non-primary pediatric cancer.
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15
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Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest division of the peripheral nervous system and closely resembles components and functions of the central nervous system. Although the central role of the ENS in congenital enteric neuropathic disorders, including Hirschsprung disease and inflammatory and functional bowel diseases, is well acknowledged, its role in systemic diseases is less understood. Evidence of a disordered ENS has accumulated in neurodegenerative diseases ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis to Parkinson disease as well as neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. The ENS is a key modulator of gut barrier function and a regulator of enteric homeostasis. A 'leaky gut' represents the gateway for bacterial and toxin translocation that might initiate downstream processes. Data indicate that changes in the gut microbiome acting in concert with the individual genetic background can modify the ENS, central nervous system and the immune system, impair barrier function, and contribute to various disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease or neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the ENS in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, highlighting its interaction with various key players involved in shaping the phenotypes. Finally, current flaws and pitfalls related to ENS research in addition to future perspectives are also addressed.
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16
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Zhong W, Shahbaz O, Teskey G, Beever A, Kachour N, Venketaraman V, Darmani NA. Mechanisms of Nausea and Vomiting: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances in Intracellular Emetic Signaling Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5797. [PMID: 34071460 PMCID: PMC8198651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints that can be triggered by diverse emetic stimuli through central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Both nausea and vomiting are considered as defense mechanisms when threatening toxins/drugs/bacteria/viruses/fungi enter the body either via the enteral (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract) or parenteral routes, including the blood, skin, and respiratory systems. While vomiting is the act of forceful removal of gastrointestinal contents, nausea is believed to be a subjective sensation that is more difficult to study in nonhuman species. In this review, the authors discuss the anatomical structures, neurotransmitters/mediators, and corresponding receptors, as well as intracellular emetic signaling pathways involved in the processes of nausea and vomiting in diverse animal models as well as humans. While blockade of emetic receptors in the prevention of vomiting is fairly well understood, the potential of new classes of antiemetics altering postreceptor signal transduction mechanisms is currently evolving, which is also reviewed. Finally, future directions within the field will be discussed in terms of important questions that remain to be resolved and advances in technology that may help provide potential answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (W.Z.); (G.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Omar Shahbaz
- School of Medicine, Universidad Iberoamericana, Av. Francia 129, Santo Domingo 10203, Dominican Republic;
| | - Garrett Teskey
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (W.Z.); (G.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Abrianna Beever
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nala Kachour
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (W.Z.); (G.T.); (V.V.)
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nissar A. Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (W.Z.); (G.T.); (V.V.)
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17
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Lomeli N, Lepe J, Gupta K, Bota DA. Cognitive complications of cancer and cancer-related treatments - Novel paradigms. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135720. [PMID: 33582187 PMCID: PMC8423125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As advances in diagnostics and therapeutic strategies in oncology have increased the number of cancer survivors, the investigation of the mechanisms associated with long-term cognitive complications of cancer treatment has become an important topic of interest. The neurotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents have been described in pre-clinical and clinical research. In vitro and rodent studies have identified some underlying mechanisms contributing to chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment for various chemotherapy drugs and other cancer treatments. However, investigation of the direct biological effects of cancer and other potential contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has only recently come into focus. This review will highlight evidence from pre-clinical tumor-bearing rodent models suggesting that cancer influences the cognitive and behavioral changes reported in human cancer populations through direct or indirect pathways that alter the normal neuroinflammatory responses, induce structural brain deficits, and decrease neurogenesis. We reflect on human clinical cancer research indicating that cognitive and behavioral changes precede cancer treatment in some malignancies. We also highlight implications for future areas of CRCI research based on novel findings on the interplay between cancer, chemotherapy, inflammation, tau pathology, and dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Lomeli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Javier Lepe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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18
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López-Tofiño Y, Vera G, López-Gómez L, Girón R, Nurgali K, Uranga JA, Abalo R. Effects of the food additive monosodium glutamate on cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility and peripheral neuropathy in the rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14020. [PMID: 33112027 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug known to produce intense vomiting, gastric dysmotility, and peripheral neuropathy. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer with prokinetic properties potentially useful for cancer patients under chemotherapy. Our aim was to test whether MSG may improve gastrointestinal motor dysfunction and other adverse effects induced by repeated cisplatin in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed or not to MSG (4 g L-1 ) in drinking water from week 0 to 1 week after treatment. On the first day of weeks 1-5, rats were treated with saline or cisplatin (2 mg kg-1 week-1 , ip). Gastrointestinal motility was measured by radiological methods after first and fifth administrations, as well as 1 week after treatment finalization. One week after treatment, the threshold for mechanical somatic sensitivity was recorded. Finally, samples of stomach, terminal ileum and kidneys were evaluated in sections using conventional histology. The myenteric plexus was immunohistochemically evaluated on distal colon whole-mount preparations. KEY RESULTS Monosodium glutamate prevented the development of cisplatin-induced neuropathy and partially improved intestinal transit after the fifth cisplatin administration with little impact on gastric dysmotility. MSG did not improve the histological damage of gut wall, but prevented the changes induced by cisplatin in the colonic myenteric plexus. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES Our results suggest that MSG can improve some dysfunctions caused by anticancer chemotherapy in the gut and other systems, associated, at least partially, with neuroprotectant effects. The potentially useful adjuvant role of this food additive to reduce chemotherapy-induced sequelae warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda López-Tofiño
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gema Vera
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada aI+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada aI+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jose A Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada aI+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Nardini P, Pini A, Bessard A, Duchalais E, Niccolai E, Neunlist M, Vannucchi MG. GLP-2 Prevents Neuronal and Glial Changes in the Distal Colon of Mice Chronically Treated with Cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228875. [PMID: 33238628 PMCID: PMC7700273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of solid cancers. Its administration is commonly associated with acute and chronic gastrointestinal dysfunctions, likely related to mucosal and enteric nervous system (ENS) injuries, respectively. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a pleiotropic hormone exerting trophic/reparative activities on the intestine, via antiapoptotic and pro-proliferating pathways, to guarantee mucosal integrity, energy absorption and motility. Further, it possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Presently, cisplatin acute and chronic damages and GLP-2 protective effects were investigated in the mouse distal colon using histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. The mice received cisplatin and the degradation-resistant GLP-2 analog ([Gly2]GLP-2) for 4 weeks. Cisplatin-treated mice showed mucosal damage, inflammation, IL-1β and IL-10 increase; decreased number of total neurons, ChAT- and nNOS-immunoreactive (IR) neurons; loss of SOX-10-IR cells and reduced expression of GFAP- and S100β-glial markers in the myenteric plexus. [Gly2]GLP-2 co-treatment partially prevented mucosal damage and counteracted the increase in cytokines and the loss of nNOS-IR and SOX-10-IR cells but not that of ChAT-IR neurons. Our data demonstrate that cisplatin causes mucosal injuries, neuropathy and gliopathy and that [Gly2]GLP-2 prevents these injuries, partially reducing mucosal inflammation and inducing ENS remodeling. Hence, this analog could represent an effective strategy to overcome colonic injures induced by cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nardini
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (A.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (A.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Anne Bessard
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Emilie Duchalais
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (A.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Histology and Embryology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (A.P.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-275-8152
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20
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Wong YS, Lin MY, Liu PF, Ko JL, Huang GT, Tu DG, Ou CC. D-methionine improves cisplatin-induced anorexia and dyspepsia syndrome by attenuating intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1 activity and increasing plasma leptin concentration. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13803. [PMID: 31989744 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic drug. However, cisplatin-induced dyspepsia syndromes, including delayed gastric emptying, gastric distension, early satiety, nausea, and vomiting, often force patients to take doses lower than those prescribed or even refuse treatment. D-methionine has an appetite-enhancing effect and alleviates weight loss during cisplatin treatment. METHODS This work established a model of anorexia and dyspepsia symptoms with intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) once a week for three cycles. Presupplementation with or without D-methionine (300 mg/kg) was performed. Orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones (ghrelin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide-1), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HT2C and 5-HT3 ), and hypothalamic feeding-related peptides were measured by immunohistochemistry staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time PCR assay. KEY RESULTS Cisplatin administration caused marked decrease in appetite and body weight, promoted adipose and fat tissue atrophy, and delayed gastric emptying and gastric distension, and D-methionine preadministration prior to cisplatin administration significantly ameliorated these side effects. Besides, cisplatin induced an evident increase in serum ghrelin level, TPH1 activity, and 5-HT3 receptor expression in the intestine and decreased plasma leptin levels and gastric ghrelin mRNA gene expression levels. D-methionine supplementation recovered these changes. The expression of orexigenic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide and anorexigenic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript proopiomelanocortin neurons were altered by D-methionine supplementation in cisplatin-induced anorexia rats. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES D-methionine supplementation prevents cisplatin-induced anorexia and dyspepsia syndrome possibly by attenuating intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1 activity and increasing plasma leptin concentration. Therefore, D-methionine can be used as an adjuvant therapy for treating cisplatin-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sin Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Yn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fen Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Guan-Ting Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Paniagua N, Goicoechea C, Abalo R, López-Miranda V, Vela JM, Merlos M, Martín Fontelles MI, Girón R. May a sigma-1 antagonist improve neuropathic signs induced by cisplatin and vincristine in rats? Eur J Pain 2019; 23:603-620. [PMID: 30376213 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antineoplastic drugs cisplatin and vincristine induce peripheral neuropathies. The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is expressed in areas of pain control, and its blockade with the novel selective antagonist MR-309 has shown efficacy in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models. Our goal was to test whether this compound reduces neuropathic signs provoked by these antitumoural drugs. METHODS Rats were treated with cisplatin or vincristine to induce neuropathies. The effects of acute or repeated administration of MR-309 were tested on mechanical and thermal sensitivity, electrophysiological activity of Aδ-primary afferents in the rat skin-saphenous nerve preparation, and gastrointestinal or cardiovascular functions. RESULTS Rats treated with antitumourals developed tactile allodynia, while those treated with vincristine also developed mechanical hyperalgesia. These in vivo modifications correlated with electrophysiological hyperactivity (increased spontaneous activity and hyperresponsiveness to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation). Animals treated with cisplatin showed gastrointestinal impairment and those receiving vincristine showed cardiovascular toxicity. A single dose of MR-309 strongly reduced both nociceptive behaviour and electrophysiological changes. Moreover, its concomitant administration with the antitumourals blocked the development of neuropathic symptoms, thus restoring mechanical sensitivity, improving the impairment of feeding behaviour and gastrointestinal transit in the cisplatin-treated group along with ameliorating the altered vascular reactivity recorded in rats treated with vincristine. CONCLUSION σ1R antagonist, MR-309, reduces sensorial and electrophysiological neuropathic signs in rats treated with cisplatin or vincristine and, in addition, reduces gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects. SIGNIFICANCE σ1R antagonism could be an interesting and new option to palliate antitumoural neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Paniagua
- Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Visitacion López-Miranda
- Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - J Miguel Vela
- Drug Discovery & Preclinical Research, Esteve, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Drug Discovery & Preclinical Research, Esteve, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín Fontelles
- Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocio Girón
- Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Alcorcón, Spain
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22
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Martín-Ruíz M, Uranga JA, Mosinska P, Fichna J, Nurgali K, Martín-Fontelles MI, Abalo R. Alterations of colonic sensitivity and gastric dysmotility after acute cisplatin and granisetron. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13499. [PMID: 30402956 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a highly emetogenic antineoplastic drug and induces peripheral neuropathy when given in cycles. Granisetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, is clinically used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea/emesis and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. The effects of cisplatin on visceral sensitivity and those of granisetron in the context of cancer chemotherapy are not well known. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received two intraperitoneal injections 30 minutes apart: granisetron (1 mg kg-1 )/vehicle and cisplatin (6 mg kg-1 )/vehicle. Thereafter, nausea-like behavior was measured as bedding intake for 4 hours, and gastric dysmotility was measured radiographically for 8 hours. Gastric weight and size were determined ex vivo and samples of the forestomach, corpus, ileum, and colon were obtained for histological analysis at 4 and 30 hours after cisplatin/vehicle. Visceral sensitivity was measured as abdominal contractions in response to mechanical intracolonic stimulation 2 hours after cisplatin/vehicle. KEY RESULTS Cisplatin-induced bedding intake and gastric dysmotility, and granisetron blocked these effects, which occurred in the absence of frank mucositis. Visceral sensitivity was reduced to a similar extent by both drugs alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Cisplatin-induced bedding intake and gastric dysmotility were blocked by granisetron, confirming the involvement of serotonin acting on 5-HT3 receptors. Unexpectedly, visceral sensitivity to colonic distension was reduced, to the same extent, by cisplatin, granisetron, and their combination, suggesting important mechanistic differences with nausea and gastric dysmotility that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martín-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Uranga
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Mosinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mª Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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López-Gómez L, Díaz-Ruano S, Girón R, López-Pérez AE, Vera G, Herradón Pliego E, López-Miranda V, Nurgali K, Martín-Fontelles MI, Uranga JA, Abalo R. Preclinical evaluation of the effects on the gastrointestinal tract of the antineoplastic drug vincristine repeatedly administered to rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13399. [PMID: 29971865 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vincristine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. It is associated with undesirable digestive side effects. However, the impact of vincristine on gastrointestinal structure and motility or its long-term effects have not been deeply studied in animal models. This could be useful in order to develop therapeutic or preventive strategies for cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze such effects. METHODS Rats received saline or vincristine (0.1 mg kg-1 , ip) daily for 10 days. Evaluations were performed during treatment and 2-6 weeks after. Somatic mechano-sensitivity was assessed using von Frey hairs. Gastrointestinal motor function was studied by means of radiographic still images and colonic propulsion of fecal pellets using fluoroscopy videos. Histological assessment of the gut morphology and immunohistochemistry for HuC/D and nNOS were performed in whole-mount myenteric plexus preparations. KEY RESULTS Peripheral sensitivity was increased in animals treated with vincristine and did not subside 2 weeks after treatment finalization. Vincristine treatment inhibited gastrointestinal motility although this was recovered to normal values with time. Damage in the digestive wall after vincristine treatment was greater in the ileum than in the colon. Villi shortening (in ileum) and large inflammatory nodules still remained 2 weeks after treatment finalization. Finally, the proportion of nNOS-immunoreactive neurons was increased with vincristine and continued to be increased 2 weeks after treatment finalization. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Vincristine alters gastrointestinal motility, peripheral sensitivity and mucosal architecture. Vincristine-induced neuropathy (somatic and enteric), intestinal mucosa damage and inflammatory infiltrations are relatively long-lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Gómez
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - S Díaz-Ruano
- Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Girón
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - A E López-Pérez
- Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - G Vera
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - E Herradón Pliego
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - V López-Miranda
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - K Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M I Martín-Fontelles
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - J A Uranga
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - R Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
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25
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PARP inhibition in platinum-based chemotherapy: Chemopotentiation and neuroprotection. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:104-113. [PMID: 30278221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin represent the backbone of platinum therapy for several malignancies including head and neck, lung, colorectal, ovarian, breast, and genitourinary cancer. However, the efficacy of platinum-based drugs is often compromised by a plethora of severe toxicities including sensory and enteric neuropathy. Acute and chronic neurotoxicity following platinum chemotherapy is a major constraint, contributing to dose-reductions, treatment delays, and cessation of treatment. Identifying drugs that effectively prevent these toxic complications is imperative to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment and patient quality of life. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been highlighted as key players in the pathophysiology of platinum chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a nuclear enzyme activated upon DNA damage, has demonstrated substantial sensory and enteric neuroprotective capacity when administered in combination with platinum chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, administration of PARP inhibitors alongside platinum chemotherapy has been found to significantly improve progression-free survival in patients with breast and ovarian cancer when compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone. This review summarises the current knowledge surrounding mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in platinum chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and highlights a potential role for PARP in chemopotentiation and neuroprotection.
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26
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Bajic JE, Johnston IN, Howarth GS, Hutchinson MR. From the Bottom-Up: Chemotherapy and Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:104. [PMID: 29872383 PMCID: PMC5972222 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract form the primary targets of chemotherapy-induced toxicities. Symptoms associated with damage to these regions have been clinically termed chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and mucositis. Whilst extensive literature outlines the complex etiology of each pathology, to date neither chemotherapy-induced side-effect has considered the potential impact of one on the pathogenesis of the other disorder. This is surprising considering the close bidirectional relationship shared between each organ; the gut-brain axis. There are complex multiple pathways linking the gut to the brain and vice versa in both normal physiological function and disease. For instance, psychological and social factors influence motility and digestive function, symptom perception, and behaviors associated with illness and pathological outcomes. On the other hand, visceral pain affects central nociception pathways, mood and behavior. Recent interest highlights the influence of functional gut disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome in the development of central comorbidities. Gut-brain axis dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis have served as key portals in understanding the potential mechanisms associated with these functional gut disorders and their effects on cognition. In this review we will present the role gut-brain axis dysregulation plays in the chemotherapy setting, highlighting peripheral-to-central immune signaling mechanisms and their contribution to neuroimmunological changes associated with chemotherapy exposure. Here, we hypothesize that dysregulation of the gut-brain axis plays a major role in the intestinal, psychological and neurological complications following chemotherapy. We pay particular attention to evidence surrounding microbiota dysbiosis, the role of intestinal permeability, damage to nerves of the enteric and peripheral nervous systems and vagal and humoral mediated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E Bajic
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian N Johnston
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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27
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Stojanovska V, McQuade RM, Miller S, Nurgali K. Effects of Oxaliplatin Treatment on the Myenteric Plexus Innervation and Glia in the Murine Distal Colon. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:723-736. [PMID: 29741434 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418774755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent) is a first-line treatment of colorectal malignancies; its use associates with peripheral neuropathies and gastrointestinal side effects. These gastrointestinal dysfunctions might be due to toxic effects of oxaliplatin on the intestinal innervation and glia. Male Balb/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of sterile water or oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg/d) triweekly for 2 weeks. Colon tissues were collected for immunohistochemical assessment at day 14. The density of sensory, adrenergic, and cholinergic nerve fibers labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), respectively, was assessed within the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. The number and proportion of excitatory neurons immunoreactive (IR) against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were counted, and the density of glial subpopulations was determined by using antibodies specific for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and s100β protein. Oxaliplatin treatment induced significant reduction of sensory and adrenergic innervations, as well as the total number and proportion of ChAT-IR neurons, and GFAP-IR glia, but increased s100β expression within the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. Treatment with oxaliplatin significantly alters nerve fibers and glial cells in the colonic myenteric plexus, which could contribute to long-term gastrointestinal side effects following chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Miller
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Shahid F, Farooqui Z, Khan F. Cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: An update on possible mechanisms and on available gastroprotective strategies. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29530589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [II], CP) is most widely prescribed in chemotherapy and efficaciously treats diverse human cancers, with remission rates > 90% in testicular cancers. However, clinical use of CP is associated with numerous untoward side effects, in particular, at the gastrointestinal level that reduces the therapeutic efficacy of CP and often results in withdrawal of its clinical usage in long term cancer chemotherapy. Substantial strides have been made to identify effective protective strategies against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and ototoxicity. Unfortunately, very limited studies have focused on CP-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and advances in developing potent gastroprotective strategies/agents are still lacking. The current article reviews the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of CP, mechanisms underlying CP-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and lastly displays the potential approaches including plant-derived agents (phytochemicals) utilized to counteract CP-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction. Furthermore, the gastroprotective agents described in the experimental literature have shown partial protection against CP-induced intestinal damage. This stresses the need to ascertain new information on the underlying mechanism and to discover novel combinatorial strategies for the abrogation of CP-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faaiza Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
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29
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Stavely R, Timpani C, Petersen AC, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Rybalka E, Nurgali K. Oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuronal loss and intestinal dysfunction is prevented by co-treatment with BGP-15. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:656-677. [PMID: 29194564 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy are an under-recognized clinical problem, leading to dose reduction, delays and cessation of treatment, presenting a constant challenge for efficient and tolerated anti-cancer treatment. We have found that oxaliplatin treatment results in intestinal dysfunction, oxidative stress and loss of enteric neurons. BGP-15 is a novel cytoprotective compound with potential HSP72 co-inducing and PARP inhibiting properties. In this study, we investigated the potential of BGP-15 to alleviate oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Balb/c mice received oxaliplatin (3 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) with and without BGP-15 (15 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 : i.p.) tri-weekly for 14 days. Gastrointestinal transit was analysed via in vivo X-ray imaging, before and after treatment. Colons were collected to assess ex vivo motility, neuronal mitochondrial superoxide and cytochrome c levels and for immunohistochemical analysis of myenteric neurons. KEY RESULTS Oxaliplatin-induced neuronal loss increased the proportion of neuronal NO synthase-immunoreactive neurons and increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and cytochrome c in the myenteric plexus. These changes were correlated with an increase in PARP-2 immunoreactivity in the colonic mucosa and were attenuated by BGP-15 co-treatment. Significant delays in gastrointestinal transit, intestinal emptying and pellet formation, impaired colonic motor activity, reduced faecal water content and lack of weight gain associated with oxaliplatin treatment were restored to sham levels in mice co-treated with BGP-15. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results showed that BGP-15 ameliorated oxidative stress, increased enteric neuronal survival and alleviated oxaliplatin-induced intestinal dysfunction, suggesting that BGP-15 may relieve the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara Timpani
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petersen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Escalante J, McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Nurgali K. Impact of chemotherapy on gastrointestinal functions and the enteric nervous system. Maturitas 2017; 105:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Uranga JA, García-Martínez JM, García-Jiménez C, Vera G, Martín-Fontelles MI, Abalo R. Alterations in the small intestinal wall and motor function after repeated cisplatin in rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28261911 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal adverse effects occurring during cancer chemotherapy are well known and feared; those persisting once treatment has finished are relatively unknown. We characterized the alterations occurring in the rat small intestine, after repeated treatment with cisplatin. METHODS Male Wistar rats received saline or cisplatin (2 mg kg-1 week-1 , for 5 weeks, ip). Gastric motor function was studied non-invasively throughout treatment (W1-W5) and 1 week after treatment finalization (W6). During W6, upper gastrointestinal motility was also invasively studied and small intestinal samples were collected for histopathological and molecular studies. Structural alterations in the small intestinal wall, mucosa, submucosa, muscle layers, and lymphocytic nodules were histologically studied. Periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, chromogranin A, and neuronal-specific enolase were used to detect secretory, proliferating, endocrine and neural cells, respectively. The expression of different markers in the tunica muscularis was analyzed by RT/qPCR. KEY RESULTS Repeated cisplatin induced motility alterations during and after treatment. After treatment (W6), the small intestinal wall showed histopathological alterations in most parameters measured, including a reduction in the thickness of circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Expression of c-KIT (for interstitial cells of Cajal), nNOS (for inhibitory motor neurons), pChAT, and cChAT (for excitatory motor neurons) increased significantly (although both ChATs to a lesser extent). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Repeated cisplatin induces relatively long-lasting gut dysmotility in rat associated with important histopathological and molecular alterations in the small intestinal wall. In cancer survivors, the possible chemotherapy-induced histopathological, molecular, and functional intestinal sequelae should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Uranga
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M García-Martínez
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo de Compuestos químicos y materiales nanoestructurados con aplicaciones Avanzadas (QUINANOAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - C García-Jiménez
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo de Compuestos químicos y materiales nanoestructurados con aplicaciones Avanzadas (QUINANOAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - G Vera
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Martín-Fontelles
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Abalo
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Donald EL, Rahman AA, Campelj DG, Abalo R, Rybalka E, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Irinotecan-Induced Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Is Associated with Enteric Neuropathy, but Increased Numbers of Cholinergic Myenteric Neurons. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28642718 PMCID: PMC5462962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common side-effect of chemotherapy leading to dose reductions and treatment delays. These side-effects may persist up to 10 years post-treatment. A topoisomerase I inhibitor, irinotecan (IRI), commonly used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, is associated with severe acute and delayed-onset diarrhea. The long-term effects of IRI may be due to damage to enteric neurons innervating the gastrointestinal tract and controlling its functions. Balb/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of IRI (30 mg/kg−1) 3 times a week for 14 days, sham-treated mice received sterile water (vehicle) injections. In vivo analysis of gastrointestinal transit via serial x-ray imaging, facal water content, assessment of gross morphological damage and immunohistochemical analysis of myenteric neurons were performed at 3, 7 and 14 days following the first injection and at 7 days post-treatment. Ex vivo colonic motility was analyzed at 14 days following the first injection and 7 days post-treatment. Mucosal damage and inflammation were found following both short and long-term treatment with IRI. IRI-induced neuronal loss and increases in the number and proportion of ChAT-IR neurons and the density of VAChT-IR fibers were associated with changes in colonic motility, gastrointestinal transit and fecal water content. These changes persisted in post-treatment mice. Taken together this work has demonstrated for the first time that IRI-induced inflammation, neuronal loss and altered cholinergic expression is associated with the development of IRI-induced long-term gastrointestinal dysfunction and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Donald
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ahmed A Rahman
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean G Campelj
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western HealthMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain
| | - Emma Rybalka
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western HealthMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Donald EL, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Resveratrol alleviates oxidative damage in enteric neurons and associated gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin. Maturitas 2017; 105:100-106. [PMID: 28545905 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Its use is associated with severe gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects, associated with oxidative damage and neurotoxicity to the enteric neurons. Resveratrol is a potent anti-oxidant that has been shown to protect against oxidative damage and neurotoxicity in other neurons and could therefore prevent oxaliplatin-induced damage to enteric neurons. We determined whether co-administration of resveratrol with oxaliplatin alleviates enteric neuron toxicity and GI dysfunction in mice. Colons were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of myenteric neurons and assessment of motor activity in organ-bath experiments. Morphological damage to the colonic mucosa and muscles was analysed. Oxaliplatin treatment induced translocation of nitrated proteins into the nuclei of myenteric neurons and significant damage to the mucosal lining, vacuolisation and a decrease in muscle thickness. This damage is linked to motor dysfunction due to inhibition of the amplitude of colonic contractions, leading to chronic constipation. Co-treatment with resveratrol prevented oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity, alleviated damage to GI mucosa, crypts and muscle layer, resulting in improved contractility and a decrease in constipation. Resveratrol could be integrated as part of a therapeutic regimen to help alleviate oxaliplatin-induced GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Donald
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.
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Herradón E, González C, Uranga JA, Abalo R, Martín MI, López-Miranda V. Characterization of Cardiovascular Alterations Induced by Different Chronic Cisplatin Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:196. [PMID: 28533750 PMCID: PMC5420557 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, many clinical studies have revealed that some cisplatin-treated cancer survivors have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events, being cisplatin-induced cardiovascular toxicity an increasing concern. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the cardiovascular alterations induced by different chronic cisplatin treatments, and to identify some of the mechanisms involved. Direct blood pressure, basal cardiac (left ventricle and coronary arteries) and vascular (aortic and mesenteric) functions were evaluated in chronic (5 weeks) saline- or cisplatin-treated male Wistar rats. Three different doses of cisplatin were tested (1, 2, and 3 mg/kg/week). Alterations in cardiac and vascular tissues were also investigated by immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, and or quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Cisplatin treatment provoked a significant modification of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and basal cardiac function at the maximum dose tested. However, vascular endothelial dysfunction occurred at lower doses. The expression of collagen fibers and conexin-43 were increased in cardiac tissue in cisplatin-treated rats with doses of 2 and 3 mg/kg/week. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was also modified in cardiac and vascular tissues after cisplatin treatment. In conclusion, chronic cisplatin treatment provokes cardiac and vascular toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs at lower doses than cardiac and systemic cardiovascular toxicity. Moreover, some structural changes in cardiac and vascular tissues are also patent even before any systemic cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Herradón
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada ICDCi del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Dolor iCDol, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Banco de SantanderAlcorcón, Spain
| | - Cristina González
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada ICDCi del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Dolor iCDol, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Banco de SantanderAlcorcón, Spain
| | - José A Uranga
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Dolor iCDol, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Banco de SantanderAlcorcón, Spain.,Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada ICDCi del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Dolor iCDol, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Banco de SantanderAlcorcón, Spain
| | - Ma I Martín
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada ICDCi del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Dolor iCDol, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Banco de SantanderAlcorcón, Spain
| | - Visitacion López-Miranda
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada ICDCi del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Dolor iCDol, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-Banco de SantanderAlcorcón, Spain
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Grasset E, Puel A, Charpentier J, Collet X, Christensen JE, Tercé F, Burcelin R. A Specific Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis of Type 2 Diabetic Mice Induces GLP-1 Resistance through an Enteric NO-Dependent and Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1075-1090.e5. [PMID: 28467926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies control glycemia in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, in some patients the treatment must be discontinued, defining a state of GLP-1 resistance. In animal models we identified a specific set of ileum bacteria impairing the GLP-1-activated gut-brain axis for the control of insulin secretion and gastric emptying. Using prediction algorithms, we identified bacterial pathways related to amino acid metabolism and transport system modules associated to GLP-1 resistance. The conventionalization of germ-free mice demonstrated their role in enteric neuron biology and the gut-brain-periphery axis. Altogether, insulin secretion and gastric emptying require functional GLP-1 receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system within a eubiotic gut microbiota environment. Our data open a novel route to improve GLP-1-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Grasset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Anthony Puel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Jeffrey E Christensen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - François Tercé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 31024 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Heart Failure, F-31432 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
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36
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Abalo R, Uranga JA, Pérez-García I, de Andrés R, Girón R, Vera G, López-Pérez AE, Martín-Fontelles MI. May cannabinoids prevent the development of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and intestinal mucositis? Experimental study in the rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27686064 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antineoplastic drug 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) is a pirimidine analog, which frequently induces potentially fatal diarrhea and mucositis. Cannabinoids reduce gastrointestinal motility and secretion and might prevent 5-FU-induced gut adverse effects. Here, we asked whether cannabinoids may prevent diarrhea and mucositis induced by 5-FU in the rat. METHODS Male Wistar rats received vehicle or the non-selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN; 0.5 mg kg-1 injection-1 , 1 injection day-1 , 4 consecutive days) by intraperitoneal (ip) route; on the first 2 days, animals received also saline or 5-FU (150 mg kg-1 injection-1 , cumulative dose of 300 mg kg-1 ). Gastrointestinal motor function was radiographically studied after barium contrast intragastric administration on experimental days 1 and 4. Structural alterations of the stomach, small intestine and colon were histologically studied on day 4. PAS staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki67, chromogranin A and CD163 were used to detect secretory, proliferating, and endocrine cells, and activated macrophages respectively. KEY RESULTS As shown radiographically, 5-FU induced significant gastric emptying delay (on days 1 and 4) and diarrhea (on day 4). WIN did not significantly alter the motility curves obtained for either control or 5-FU-treated animals but tended to reduce the severity of 5-FU-induced diarrhea and increased permanence of barium from day 1 to the beginning of day 4 in 5-FU-treated animals. 5-FU-induced mucositis was severe and not counteracted by WIN. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES 5-FU-induced diarrhea, but not mucositis, was partly prevented by WIN at a low dose. Cannabinoids might be useful to prevent chemotherapy-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abalo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Uranga
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - R de Andrés
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - R Girón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - G Vera
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - A E López-Pérez
- Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Martín-Fontelles
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
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Vera G, López-Pérez AE, Uranga JA, Girón R, Martín-Fontelles MI, Abalo R. Involvement of Cannabinoid Signaling in Vincristine-Induced Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in the Rat. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:37. [PMID: 28220074 PMCID: PMC5292571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In different models of paralytic ileus, cannabinoid receptors are overexpressed and endogenous cannabinoids are massively released, contributing to gastrointestinal dysmotility. The antitumoral drug vincristine depresses gastrointestinal motility and a similar mechanism could participate in this effect. Therefore, our aim was to determine, using CB1 and CB2 antagonists, whether an increased endocannabinoid tone is involved in vincristine-induced gastrointestinal ileus. Methods: First, we confirmed the effects of vincristine on the gut mucosa, by conventional histological techniques, and characterized its effects on motility, by radiographic means. Conscious male Wistar rats received an intraperitoneal injection of vincristine (0.1–0.5 mg/kg), and barium sulfate (2.5 ml; 2 g/ml) was intragastrically administered 0, 24, or 48 h later. Serial X-rays were obtained at different time-points (0–8 h) after contrast. X-rays were used to build motility curves for each gastrointestinal region and determine the size of stomach and caecum. Tissue samples were taken for histology 48 h after saline or vincristine (0.5 mg/kg). Second, AM251 (a CB1 receptor antagonist) and AM630 (a CB2 receptor antagonist) were used to determine if CB1 and/or CB2 receptors are involved in vincristine-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility. Key results: Vincristine induced damage to the mucosa of ileum and colon and reduced gastrointestinal motor function at 0.5 mg/kg. The effect on motor function was particularly evident when the study started 24 h after administration. AM251, but not AM630, significantly prevented vincristine effect, particularly in the small intestine, when administered thrice. AM251 alone did not significantly alter gastrointestinal motility. Conclusions: The fact that AM251, but not AM630, is capable of reducing the effect of vincristine suggests that, like in other experimental models of paralytic ileus, an increased cannabinoid tone develops and is at least partially responsible for the alterations induced by the antitumoral drug on gastrointestinal motor function. Thus, CB1 antagonists might be useful to prevent/treat ileus induced by vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vera
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL)Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ana E López-Pérez
- Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL)Alcorcón, Spain; Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadrid, Spain
| | - José A Uranga
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL)Alcorcón, Spain; Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL)Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ma Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL)Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcón, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL)Alcorcón, Spain
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Donald E, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Gastrointestinal dysfunction and enteric neurotoxicity following treatment with anticancer chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1861-1875. [PMID: 27353132 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the anticancer chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is often limited by nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea; these side-effects persist long after treatment. The effects of 5-FU on enteric neurons have not been studied and may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying 5-FU-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction. METHODS Balb/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU (23 mg/kg) 3 times/week for 14 days. Gastrointestinal transit was analysed in vivo prior to and following 3, 7, and 14 days of 5-FU treatment via serial x-ray imaging. Following 14 days of 5-FU administration, colons were collected for assessment of ex vivo colonic motility, gross morphological structure, and immunohistochemical analysis of myenteric neurons. Fecal lipocalin-2 and CD45+ leukocytes in the colon were analysed as markers of intestinal inflammation. KEY RESULTS Short-term administration of 5-FU (3 days) increased gastrointestinal transit, induced acute intestinal inflammation and reduced the proportion of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons. Long-term treatment (7, 14 days) resulted in delayed gastrointestinal transit, inhibition of colonic migrating motor complexes, increased short and fragmented contractions, myenteric neuronal loss and a reduction in the number of ChAT-immunoreactive neurons after the inflammation was resolved. Gross morphological damage to the colon was observed following both short- and long-term 5-FU treatment. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results indicate that 5-FU induces accelerated gastrointestinal transit associated with acute intestinal inflammation at day 3 after the start of treatment, which may have led to persistent changes in the ENS observed after days 7 and 14 of treatment contributing to delayed gastrointestinal transit and colonic dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - V Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - E Donald
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - R Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
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McQuade RM, Carbone SE, Stojanovska V, Rahman A, Gwynne RM, Robinson AM, Goodman CA, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Role of oxidative stress in oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuropathy and colonic dysmotility in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3502-3521. [PMID: 27714760 PMCID: PMC5120153 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug used as a first-line therapy for colorectal cancer. However, its use is associated with severe gastrointestinal side-effects resulting in dose limitations and/or cessation of treatment. In this study, we tested whether oxidative stress, caused by chronic oxaliplatin treatment, induces enteric neuronal damage and colonic dysmotility. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Oxaliplatin (3 mg·kg-1 per day) was administered in vivo to Balb/c mice intraperitoneally three times a week. The distal colon was collected at day 14 of treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed in wholemount preparations of submucosal and myenteric ganglia. Neuromuscular transmission was studied by intracellular electrophysiology. Circular muscle tone was studied by force transducers. Colon propulsive activity studied in organ bath experiments and faeces were collected to measure water content. KEY RESULTS Chronic in vivo oxaliplatin treatment resulted in increased formation of reactive oxygen species (O2 -), nitration of proteins, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation resulting in the release of cytochrome c, loss of neurons, increased inducible NOS expression and apoptosis in both the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the colon. Oxaliplatin treatment enhanced NO-mediated inhibitory junction potentials and altered the response of circular muscles to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside. It also reduced the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes and decreased circular muscle tone, effects reversed by the NO synthase inhibitor, Nω-Nitro-L-arginine. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study is the first to provide evidence that oxidative stress is a key player in enteric neuropathy and colonic dysmotility leading to symptoms of chronic constipation observed in oxaliplatin-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmed Rahman
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel M Gwynne
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ainsley M Robinson
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Chemotherapy-Induced Constipation and Diarrhea: Pathophysiology, Current and Emerging Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27857691 PMCID: PMC5093116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects of chemotherapy are a debilitating and often overlooked clinical hurdle in cancer management. Chemotherapy-induced constipation (CIC) and Diarrhea (CID) present a constant challenge in the efficient and tolerable treatment of cancer and are amongst the primary contributors to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment. Although prevalence of CIC is hard to estimate, it is believed to affect approximately 16% of cancer patients, whilst incidence of CID has been estimated to be as high as 80%. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms of both CID and CIC remain unclear, but are believed to result from a combination of intersecting mechanisms including inflammation, secretory dysfunctions, GI dysmotility and alterations in GI innervation. Current treatments for CIC and CID aim to reduce the severity of symptoms rather than combating the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysfunction, and often result in worsening of already chronic GI symptoms or trigger the onset of a plethora of other side-effects including respiratory depression, uneven heartbeat, seizures, and neurotoxicity. Emerging treatments including those targeting the enteric nervous system present promising avenues to alleviate CID and CIC. Identification of potential targets for novel therapies to alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life amongst cancer sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC, Banco de Santander Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Robinson AM, Stojanovska V, Rahman AA, McQuade RM, Senior PV, Nurgali K. Effects of Oxaliplatin Treatment on the Enteric Glial Cells and Neurons in the Mouse Ileum. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:530-45. [PMID: 27389702 PMCID: PMC5006136 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416656842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, currently used for treatment of colorectal and other cancers, causes severe gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation that are attributed to mucosal damage. However, delayed onset and long-term persistence of these side effects suggest that damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS) regulating physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract may also occur. The ENS comprises myenteric and submucosal neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on enteric neurons and EGCs within the mouse ileum. BALB/c mice received repeated intraperitoneal injections of oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg, 3 injections/week). Tissues were collected 3, 7, 14, and 21 days from the commencement of treatment. Decreases in glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive (IR) EGCs and protein gene product 9.5/β-Tubulin III-IR neurons as well as increase in s100β-IR EGCs after chronic oxaliplatin administration were observed in both the myenteric and submucosal plexi. Changes in EGCs were further observed in cross-sections of the ileum at day 14 and confirmed by Western blotting. Alterations in EGCs correlated with loss of myenteric and submucosal neurons in the ileum from oxaliplatin-treated mice. These changes to the ENS may contribute to the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal side effects associated with oxaliplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Kulmira Nurgali, Western Centre for Health Research & Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.
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Carbone SE, Jovanovska V, Brookes SJH, Nurgali K. Electrophysiological and morphological changes in colonic myenteric neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients: a pilot study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:975-84. [PMID: 26909894 PMCID: PMC5215581 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy experience a multitude of gastrointestinal side-effects. However, the causes of these symptoms are uncertain and whether these therapeutics directly affect the enteric nervous system is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether the function and morphology of myenteric neurons are altered in specimens of the colon from chemotherapy-treated patients. METHODS Colon specimens were compared from chemotherapy-treated and non-treated patients following colorectal resections for removal of carcinoma. Intracellular electrophysiological recordings from myenteric neurons and immunohistochemistry were performed in whole mount preparations. KEY RESULTS Myenteric S neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients were hyperexcitable; more action potentials (11.4 ± 9.4, p < 0.05) were fired in response to depolarising current pulses than in non-treated patients (1.4 ± 0.5). The rheobase and the threshold to evoke action potentials were significantly lower for neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients compared to neurons from non-treated patients (p < 0.01). Fast excitatory postsynaptic potential reversal potential was more positive in neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients (p < 0.05). An increase in the number of neurons with translocation of Hu protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed in specimens from chemotherapy-treated patients (103 ± 25 neurons/mm(2) , 37.2 ± 7.0%, n = 8) compared to non-treated (26 ± 5 neurons/mm(2) , 11.9 ± 2.7%, n = 12, p < 0.01). An increase in the soma size of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons was also observed in these specimens. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This is the first study suggesting functional and structural changes in human myenteric neurons in specimens of colon from patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. These changes may contribute to the causation of gastrointestinal symptoms experienced by chemotherapy-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Carbone
- Centre for Chronic DiseaseCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - V. Jovanovska
- Centre for Chronic DiseaseCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - S. J. H. Brookes
- Discipline of Human Physiology and Centre for NeuroscienceFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - K. Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic DiseaseCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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Pini A, Garella R, Idrizaj E, Calosi L, Baccari MC, Vannucchi MG. Glucagon-like peptide 2 counteracts the mucosal damage and the neuropathy induced by chronic treatment with cisplatin in the mouse gastric fundus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:206-16. [PMID: 26547262 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a pleiotropic hormone synthesized and secreted by the enteroendocrine 'L' cells able to exert intestine-trophic and anti-inflammatory effects. The antineoplastic drug cisplatin causes gastrointestinal alterations with clinical symptoms (nausea and vomiting) that greatly affect the therapy compliance. Experimentally, it has been reported that chronic cisplatin treatment caused mucosal damage and enteric neuropathy in the rat colon. METHODS We investigated, through a combined immunohistochemical and functional approach, whether [Gly(2) ]GLP-2, a GLP-2 analog, was able to counteract the detrimental effects of long-term cisplatin administration in the mucosa and myenteric neurons of mouse gastric fundus. KEY RESULTS Morphological experiments showed a reduction in the epithelium thickness in cisplatin-treated mice, which was prevented by [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 co-treatment. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that cisplatin caused a significant decrease in myenteric neurons, mainly those expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), that was prevented by [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 co-treatment. In the functional experiments, [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 co-treatment counteracted the increase in amplitude of the neurally induced contractions observed in strips from cisplatin-treated animals. The NO synthesis inhibitor L-N(G) -nitro arginine caused an increase in amplitude of the contractile responses that was greater in preparations from cisplatin+[Gly(2) ]GLP-2 treated mice compared to the cisplatin-treated ones. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The results demonstrate that in cisplatin long-term treated mice [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 is able to counteract both the mucosal gastric fundus damage, by preventing the epithelium thickness decrease, and the neuropathy, by protecting the nNOS neurons. Taken together, the present data suggest that [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 could represent an effective strategy to overcome the distressing gastrointestinal symptoms present during the anti-neoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M C Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M G Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Girón R, Pérez-García I, Abalo R. X-ray analysis of gastrointestinal motility in conscious mice. Effects of morphine and comparison with rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:74-84. [PMID: 26486654 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods to study gastrointestinal (GI) motility are of high interest, particularly in chronic studies. Amongst these, radiographic techniques after contrast intragastric administration may offer many advantages. In previous studies, we have successfully and reproducibly applied these techniques together with a semiquantitative analysis method to characterize the effect of different drugs, acutely or repeatedly administered in rat models, but we have never before used these techniques in mice. These are very convenient in basic research. Our aim was to determine if our method is also valid in mice. Additionally, we determined the effect of morphine on GI motor function in both species. METHODS Animals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine (at 10 and 5 mg/kg for rats and mice, respectively). Twenty min later, barium contrast (at 2 g/mL) was gavaged (2.5 and 0.4 mL for rats and mice respectively) and serial X-rays were obtained 0-8 h after contrast. X-rays were analyzed as previously described, using a semiquantitative score to build motility curves for each GI region. KEY RESULTS Motility was much faster in mice than in rats for all GI regions. Morphine at the doses used significantly depressed motility in both species to a similar extent if the whole gut or the upper GI regions (stomach, small intestine) were considered, although its effect seemed to be more intense in the lower GI regions (caecum, colorectum) in rats than in mice. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We have validated our X-rays method for its use in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Girón
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Pérez-García
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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López-Miranda V, Soto-Montenegro ML, Uranga-Ocio JA, Vera G, Herradón E, González C, Blas C, Martínez-Villaluenga M, López-Pérez AE, Desco M, Abalo R. Effects of chronic dietary exposure to monosodium glutamate on feeding behavior, adiposity, gastrointestinal motility, and cardiovascular function in healthy adult rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1559-70. [PMID: 26303145 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor-enhancer widely used as a food additive. However, its safe dietary concentration and its toxicity, including its possible implication in the recent metabolic syndrome pandemia, is still a controversial issue. Therefore, a deep knowledge of its effects upon regular dietary use is needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to MSG on feeding behavior, abdominal fat, gastrointestinal motility, and cardiovascular function in rats. METHODS Two groups of adult male Wistar rats were used: control and treated with MSG (4 g/L in drinking water) for 6 weeks. Different functional parameters were determined and the histological structure was analyzed in tissues of interest. KEY RESULTS Compared to control animals, chronic MSG increased water intake but did not modify food ingestion or body weight gain. Neither the abdominal fat volume nor the fat fraction, measured by magnetic resonance imaging, was modified by MSG. Monosodium glutamate did not alter general gastrointestinal motility, but significantly increased the colonic response to mechanical stimulation. It slightly reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta, without significantly modifying any other cardiovascular parameters. No significant histological alterations were detected in salivary glands, intestinal wall, aorta, heart, and kidney. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Chronic treatment with MSG in the adult rat increased water intake. This supports its potential to improve acceptance of low-fat regimens and to increase hydration in the elderly and sportspeople, often at risk of dehydration. Changes in colonic contractility and cardiovascular function could have some long-term repercussions warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V López-Miranda
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Uranga-Ocio
- Área de Histología y Anatomía Patológica y Unidad Asociada al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Vera
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Herradón
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C González
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Blas
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Villaluenga
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A E López-Pérez
- Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Desco
- Dept. Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica(IQM) y al Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Vandamme M, Pauwels W, Bleecker JD. A case of delayed oxaliplatin-induced pseudo-obstruction: an atypical presentation of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity. Acta Clin Belg 2015; 70:207-10. [PMID: 25523317 DOI: 10.1179/2295333714y.0000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a serious complication of cancer treatment. Oxaliplatin, a third-generation platinum drug, has become one of the first-line therapies used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of platinum-based chemotherapy. Most commonly a sensory neuropathy occurs with cold-triggered symptoms in the acute phase and numbness and painful paresthesias as a late presentation. Autonomic neurotoxicity and late presentation, months after cessation of the therapy, has rarely been described. We report a patient who clinically presented with a pseudo-obstruction months after treatment with oxaliplatin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Intestinal adhesions and relapsing malignancy were carefully excluded. By exclusion the pseudo-obstruction was attributed to a toxic oxaliplatin-induced autonomic neuropathy which slowly improved during months of follow-up.
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Stojanovska V, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Platinum-based chemotherapy: gastrointestinal immunomodulation and enteric nervous system toxicity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G223-32. [PMID: 25501548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer is challenged by severe gastrointestinal side effects, which include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. These symptoms can persist long after the treatment has been ceased. An emerging concept is the ability of platinum-based drugs to stimulate immunity, which is in contrast to conventional chemotherapeutic agents that are immunosuppressive. Here, we review the immunomodulatory aspects of platinum-based anticancer chemotherapeutics and their impact on gastrointestinal innervation. Given the bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal immune system; exploring the consequences of platinum-induced immunogenicity will facilitate better understanding of gut dysfunction caused by chemotherapeutic agents. We propose that the development of future successful chemotherapeutics should rely on targeting the mechanisms underlying long-term gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Sand E, Roth B, Weström B, Bonn P, Ekblad E, Ohlsson B. Structural and functional consequences of buserelin-induced enteric neuropathy in rat. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:209. [PMID: 25496312 PMCID: PMC4275936 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-014-0209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs may develop enteric neuropathy and dysmotility. Administration of a GnRH analog to rats leads to similar degenerative neuropathy and ganglioneuritis. The aim of this study on rat was to evaluate the early GnRH-induced enteric neuropathy in terms of distribution of neuronal subpopulations and gastrointestinal (GI) function. METHODS Forty rats were given the GnRH analog buserelin (20 μg, 1 mg/ml) or saline subcutaneously, once daily for 5 days, followed by 3 weeks of recovery, representing one treatment session. Two weeks after the fourth treatment session, the animals were tested for GI transit time and galactose absorption, and fecal weight and fat content was analyzed. After sacrifice, enteric neuronal subpopulations were analyzed. Blood samples were analyzed for zonulin and antibodies against GnRH and luteinizing hormone, and their receptors. RESULTS Buserelin treatment transiently increased the body weight after 5 and 9 weeks (p < 0.001). Increased estradiol in plasma and thickened uterine muscle layers indicate high estrogen activity. The numbers of both submucous and myenteric neurons were reduced by 27%-61% in ileum and colon. The relative numbers of neurons containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART), galanin, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), serotonin, substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAchT), and their nerve fiber density, were unchanged after buserelin treatment, but the relative number of submucous neurons containing somatostatin tended to be increased (p = 0.062). The feces weight decreased in buserelin-treated rats (p < 0.01), whereas feces fat content increased (p < 0.05), compared to control rats. Total GI transit time, galactose absorption, zonulin levels in plasma, and antibody titers in serum were unaffected by buserelin treatment. CONCLUSIONS A marked enteric neuronal loss with modest effects on GI function is found after buserelin treatment. Increased feces fat content is suggested an early sign of dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neurogastroenterology Unit, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Roth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Peter Bonn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CVMD, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Eva Ekblad
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neurogastroenterology Unit, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Sun M, Wang F, Feng P. Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits colonic smooth muscle cell apoptosis in diabetic rats with colonic dysmotility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 194-195:41-8. [PMID: 25450576 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular apoptosis and colonic dysmotility are involved in diabetes mellitus (DM) complications. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to affect apoptosis and proliferation. Here, we demonstrated that the treatment of 1500 ng/kg IGF-1 partly recovers the decrease of the muscle thickness, body weight and gastrointestinal transit rate in DM rats. The gastrointestinal transit rate is positively correlated with the IGF-I level, but negatively correlated with the level of colonic cellular apoptosis. The DM-induced colonic apoptosis is also attenuated by the IGF-1 stimulation. Moreover, IGF-1 inhibits the apoptosis of the isolated colonic SMCs in vitro via the activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Taken together, our data indicated that IGF-1 inhibits the DM-induced colonic SMC apoptosis and might be involved in the alleviation of colonic dysmotility in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyi Sun
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Tianjin Union Medicine Center & Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Fatima S, Al-Mohaimeed N, Arjumand S, Banu N, Al-Jameil N, Al-Shaikh Y. Effect of pre- and post-combined multidoses of epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 29:91-7. [PMID: 25382014 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nephroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 and epigallocatechin gallate was investigated in rats with acute renal injury induced by a single nephrotoxic dose of cisplatin. Two days prior to cisplatin administration, epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 alone and in four different combinations were given for 6 days. The treatment with antioxidants significantly protected the cisplatin-induced increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Both the antioxidants alone or in different combinations significantly compensated the increased malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels. Moreover, the decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of selenium, zinc, and copper ions were significantly attenuated in renal tissue. In conclusion, epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 are equally effective against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, whereas the intervention by combining these two antioxidants was found to be highly effective at low doses in attenuating oxidative stress in rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi, Arabia.
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