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Shi X, Du J, Wang X, Zhang X, Yan X, Yang Y, Jia H, Zhang S. NtGCN2 confers cadmium tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum L. by regulating cadmium uptake, efflux, and subcellular distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172695. [PMID: 38663613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
General control non-derepressible-2 (GCN2) is widely expressed in eukaryotes and responds to biotic and abiotic stressors. However, the precise function and mechanism of action of GCN2 in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) remains unclear. We investigated the role of NtGCN2 in Cd tolerance and explored the mechanism by which NtGCN2 responds to Cd stress in tobacco by exposing NtGCN2 transgenic tobacco lines to different concentrations of CdCl2. NtGCN2 was activated under 50 μmol·L-1 CdCl2 stress and enhanced the Cd tolerance and photosynthetic capacities of tobacco by increasing chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity by upregulating NtSOD, NtPOD, and NtCAT expression and corresponding enzyme activities and decreasing malondialdehyde and O2·- contents. NtGCN2 enhanced the osmoregulatory capacity of tobacco by elevating proline (Pro) and soluble sugar contents and maintaining low levels of relative conductivity. Finally, NtGCN2 enhanced Cd tolerance in tobacco by reducing Cd uptake and translocation, promoting Cd efflux, and regulating Cd subcellular distribution. In conclusion, NtGCN2 improves the tolerance of tobacco to Cd through a series of mechanisms, namely, increasing antioxidant, photosynthetic, and osmoregulation capacities and regulating Cd uptake, translocation, efflux, and subcellular distribution. This study provides a scientific basis for further exploration of the role of NtGCN2 in plant responses to Cd stress and enhancement of the Cd stress signaling network in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hongfang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Songtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
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Zheng K, Yu Z, Li Y, Liu C. Cd 2+ enhancing the bromination of bisphenol A in Brassica chinensis L.: Pathways and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174013. [PMID: 38880131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Traditional heavy metal pollution, such as cadmium, impacts the transformation and risks of bisphenol pollutants (like bisphenol A, BPA), in plants, especially due to the ubiquitous presence of bromide ion. Although it has been discovered that the bromination of phenolic pollutants occurs in plants, thereby increasing the associated risks, the influence and mechanisms of bromination under complex contamination conditions involving both heavy metals and phenolic compounds remain poorly understood. This study addresses the issue by exposing Brassica chinensis L. to cadmium ion (Cd2+, 25-100 μM), with the hydroponic solution containing BPA (15 mg/L) and bromide ion (0.5 mM) in this work. It was observed that Cd2+ primarily enhanced the bromination of BPA by elevating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of peroxidase (POD) in Brassica chinensis L. The variety of bromination products within Brassica chinensis L. increased as the concentration of Cd2+ rose from 25 to 100 μM. The substitution positions of bromine were determined using Gaussian calculations and mass spectrometry analysis. The toxicity of bromination products derived from BPA was observed to increase based on Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships analysis and HepG2 cytotoxicity assays. This study provides new insights into the risks and health hazards associated with cadmium pollution, particularly its role in enhancing the bromination of bisphenol pollutants in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Zelian Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yujiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Shandong Kenli Petrochemical Group Co., Ltd., No. 1001 Shengxing Road, Kenli District, Dongying City, Shandong Province, China.
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Song Q, Zhao Y, Wu F, Guo X, Yu H, Li J, Li W, Wang Y, Li M, Xu J. Physiological and molecular responses of strawberry plants to Cd stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108800. [PMID: 38905729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal element, can be absorbed by plants via divalent metal ion transporters, thereby retarding plant growth and posing a threat to human health. Strawberries are popular and economically valuable berry species that are sensitive to soil pollutants, especially Cd. However, the mechanisms underlying Cd stress responses in strawberry plants remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological and molecular basis of Cd stress responses in strawberry plants using the diploid strawberry 'Yellow Wonder' as a material. The results indicated that Cd stress induced oxidative damage, repressed photosynthetic efficiency, and interfered with the accumulation and redistribution of trace elements. Furthermore, Cd stress reduced the concentrations of indoleacetic acid, trans-zeatin riboside and gibberellic acid while increasing the concentration of abscisic acid, thus altering the phytohormone signaling pathway in strawberry plants. Cd stress also inhibited the expression of genes involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation while promoting the energy supply for plant survival under Cd toxicity. Moreover, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was induced, and the anthocyanin concentration increased, thereby improving the free radical scavenging capacity of strawberry plants under Cd toxicity. Additionally, we identified several transcription factors and functional genes as hub genes based on a weighted gene coexpression network analysis. These results collectively provide a theoretical foundation for strawberry breeding and ensuring agriculture and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Song
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Weimin Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, 255300, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Cseresnyés I, Takács T, Füzy A. Detection of plant cadmium toxicity by monitoring dielectric response of intact root systems on a fine timescale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30555-30568. [PMID: 38607480 PMCID: PMC11096224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The root dielectric response was measured on a minute scale to assess its efficiency for monitoring short-term cadmium (Cd) toxicity non-destructively. Electrical capacitance (CR), dissipation factor (DR) and electrical conductance (GR) were detected during the 24 to 168 h after Cd treatment (0, 20, 50 mg Cd2+ kg-1 substrate) in potted maize, cucumber and pea. Stress was also evaluated by measuring leaf chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and stomatal conductance (gs) in situ, and shoot and root mass and total root length after harvest. CR showed a clear diurnal pattern, reflecting the water uptake rate, and decreased significantly in response to excessive Cd due to impeded root growth, the reduced tissue permittivity caused by accelerated lignification, and root ageing. Cd exposure markedly increased DR, indicating greater conductive energy loss due to oxidative membrane damage and enhanced electrolyte leakage. GR, which was coupled with root hydraulic conductance and varied diurnally, was increased transiently by Cd toxicity due to enhanced membrane permeability, but declined thereafter owing to stress-induced leaf senescence and transpiration loss. The time series of impedance components indicated the comparatively high Cd tolerance of the applied maize and the sensitivity of pea cultivar, which was confirmed by visible shoot symptoms, repeated physiological investigations and biomass measurements. The results demonstrated the potential of single-frequency dielectric measurements to follow certain aspects of the stress response of different species on a fine timescale without plant injury. The approach can be combined with widely used plant physiological methods and could contribute to breeding crop genotypes with improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Cseresnyés
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó Út 15, 1022, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó Út 15, 1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó Út 15, 1022, Budapest, Hungary
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Hou R, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Huang J. Identification and characterization of the critical genes encoding Cd-induced enhancement of SOD isozymes activities in Zhe-Maidong ( Ophiopogon japonicus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355849. [PMID: 38606075 PMCID: PMC11007131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects plants from abiotic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. Here, the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on ROS accumulation and SOD isozymes, as well as the identification of significant SOD isozyme genes, were investigated under different Cd stress treatments to Zhe-Maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus). The exposure to Cd stress resulted in a notable elevation in the SOD activity in roots. Cu/ZnSODa and Cu/ZnSODb were the most critical SOD isozymes in response to Cd stress, as indicated by the detection results for SOD isozymes. A total of 22 OjSOD genes were identified and classified into three subgroups, including 10 OjCu/ZnSODs, 6 OjMnSODs, and 6 OjFeSODs, based on the analysis of conserved motif and phylogenetic tree. Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, Cu/ZnSOD-20, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 were the main genes that control the increase in SOD activity under Cd stress, as revealed via quantitative PCR and transcriptome analysis. Additionally, under various heavy metal stress (Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+), Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 gene expression were significantly upregulated, indicating that these three genes play a critical part in resisting heavy metal stress. The molecular docking experiments performed on the interaction between oxygen ion (O2•-) and OjSOD protein have revealed that the critical amino acid residues involved in the binding of Cu/ZnSOD-22 to the substrate were Pro135, Ile136, Ile140, and Arg144. Our findings provide a solid foundation for additional functional investigations on the OjSOD genes, as well as suggestions for improving genetic breeding and agricultural management strategies to increase Cd resistance in O. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Hou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Dong Q, Wu Y, Wang H, Li B, Huang R, Li H, Tao Q, Li Q, Tang X, Xu Q, Luo Y, Wang C. Integrated morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal response mechanisms of rice under different cadmium exposure routes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133688. [PMID: 38310845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the major cereal crops and takes up cadmium (Cd) more readily than other crops. Understanding the mechanism of Cd uptake and defense in rice can help us avoid Cd in the food chain. However, studies comparing Cd uptake, toxicity, and detoxification mechanisms of leaf and root Cd exposure at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptional levels are still lacking. Therefore, experiments were conducted in this study and found that root Cd exposure resulted in more severe oxidative and photosynthetic damage, lower plant biomass, higher Cd accumulation, and transcriptional changes in rice than leaf Cd exposure. The activation of phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in both root and leaf tissues under different Cd exposure routes suggests that increased lignin is the response mechanism of rice under Cd stress. Moreover, the roots of rice are more sensitive to Cd stress and their adaptation responses are more pronounced than those of leaves. Quantitative PCR revealed that OsPOX, OsCAD, OsPAL and OsCCR play important roles in the response to Cd stress, which further emphasize the importance of lignin. Therefore, this study provides theoretical evidence for future chemical and genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis in crop plants to reduce Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youlin Luo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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7
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López-Gómez P, Buezo J, Urra M, Cornejo A, Esteban R, Fernández de Los Reyes J, Urarte E, Rodríguez-Dobreva E, Chamizo-Ampudia A, Eguaras A, Wolf S, Marino D, Martínez-Merino V, Moran JF. A new oxidative pathway of nitric oxide production from oximes in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:178-198. [PMID: 38102832 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential reactive oxygen species and a signal molecule in plants. Although several studies have proposed the occurrence of oxidative NO production, only reductive routes for NO production, such as the nitrate (NO-3) -upper-reductase pathway, have been evidenced to date in land plants. However, plants grown axenically with ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen exhibit contents of nitrite and NO3-, evidencing the existence of a metabolic pathway for oxidative production of NO. We hypothesized that oximes, such as indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), a precursor to indole-3-acetic acid, are intermediate oxidation products in NO synthesis. We detected the production of NO from IAOx and other oximes catalyzed by peroxidase (POD) enzyme using both 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorescein fluorescence and chemiluminescence. Flavins stimulated the reaction, while superoxide dismutase inhibited it. Interestingly, mouse NO synthase can also use IAOx to produce NO at a lower rate than POD. We provided a full mechanism for POD-dependent NO production from IAOx consistent with the experimental data and supported by density functional theory calculations. We showed that the addition of IAOx to extracts from Medicago truncatula increased the in vitro production of NO, while in vivo supplementation of IAOx and other oximes increased the number of lateral roots, as shown for NO donors, and a more than 10-fold increase in IAOx dehydratase expression. Furthermore, we found that in vivo supplementation of IAOx increased NO production in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type plants, while prx33-34 mutant plants, defective in POD33-34, had reduced production. Our data show that the release of NO by IAOx, as well as its auxinic effect, explain the superroot phenotype. Collectively, our study reveals that plants produce NO utilizing diverse molecules such as oximes, POD, and flavins, which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, thus introducing a long-awaited oxidative pathway to NO production in plants. This knowledge has essential implications for understanding signaling in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro López-Gómez
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Javier Buezo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Marina Urra
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cornejo
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández de Los Reyes
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Urarte
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Estefanía Rodríguez-Dobreva
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alejandro Eguaras
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Victor Martínez-Merino
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jose F Moran
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
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Mamut A, Huang J, Andom O, Zhang H, Zhang N, Zhou H, Lv Y, Li Z. Stability of exogenous Cadmium in different vineyard soils and its effect on grape seedlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165118. [PMID: 37364845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) being potentially toxic heavy metal, has become increasingly serious to vineyard soil and grapes in recent years. Soil type is one of the main factors affecting the absorption of Cd in grapes. To investigate the stabilization characteristics and form changes of Cd in different types of vineyard soils, a 90-days incubation experiment was conducted after exogenous Cd addition to 12 vineyard soils from typical vineyards in China. The inhibition of exogenous Cd on grape seedlings was determined based on the pit-pot incubation experiment (200 kg soil per pot). The results demonstrate that Cd concentration in all the sampling sites did not exceed the national screening values (GB15618-2018; i.e., 0.3 mg/kg when pH was lower than 7.5, 0.6 mg/kg when pH was higher than 7.5);. Cd in Fluvo-aquic soil 2, Red soils1, 2, 3 and Grey-Cinnamon soil is dominated by acid-soluble fraction, but was mainly in residual fraction in the remain soils. Throughout the aging process, proportion of the acid-soluble fraction increased and then decreased, while proportion of the residual fraction decreased and then increased, after exogenous Cd was added. The mobility coefficients of Cd in Fluvo-aquic soil 2 and Red soil 1, 2 increased 2.5, 3 and 2 folds, after exogenous Cd addition, respectively. Compared with CK (control), the correlation between total Cd content and its different fractions was relatively weak in the Cdl (low concentration) and Cdh (high concentration) groups. Poor Cd stabilization and strong inhibition of seedling growth rate were observed in Brown soil 1, black soil, red soil 1 and cinnamomic soil. Fluvo-aquic soil 2, 3 and Brown soil 2 showed good Cd stability and small inhibition effect on grape seedlings. These results show that Cd stability in soils and inhibition rate of grape seedlings by Cd are strongly influenced by soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajigul Mamut
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianquan Huang
- Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Okbagaber Andom
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hu Zhou
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yizhong Lv
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Shehzad J, Khan I, Zaheer S, Farooq A, Chaudhari SK, Mustafa G. Insights into heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species: physiological, biochemical, and molecular interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108448-108476. [PMID: 37924172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil due to anthropogenic activities has led to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, posing toxic effects on plants by interacting with vital cellular biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Brassica species have developed complex physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for adaptability, tolerance, and survival under these conditions. This review summarizes the HM tolerance strategies of Brassica species, covering the role of root exudates, microorganisms, cell walls, cell membranes, and organelle-specific proteins. The first line of defence against HM stress in Brassica species is the avoidance strategy, which involves metal ion precipitation, root sorption, and metal exclusion. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Rhizobium species effectively immobilizes HMs and reduces their uptake by Brassica roots. The roots of Brassica species efficiently detoxify metals, particularly by flavonoid glycoside exudation. The composition of the cell wall and callose deposition also plays a crucial role in enhancing HMs resistance in Brassica species. Furthermore, plasma membrane-associated transporters, BjCET, BjPCR, BjYSL, and BnMTP, reduce HM concentration by stimulating the efflux mechanism. Brassica species also respond to stress by up-regulating existing protein pools or synthesizing novel proteins associated with HM stress tolerance. This review provides new insights into the HM tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species, which are necessary for future development of HM-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saira Zaheer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, China.
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop growth and Development, Ministry of Agri-culture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Zboińska M, Janeczko A, Kabała K. Involvement of NO in V-ATPase Regulation in Cucumber Roots under Control and Cadmium Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2884. [PMID: 37571036 PMCID: PMC10420687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that participates in plant adaptation to adverse environmental factors. This study aimed to clarify the role of NO in the regulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the roots of cucumber seedlings grown under control and Cd stress conditions. In addition, the relationship between NO and salicylic acid (SA), as well as their interrelations with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been verified. The effect of NO on V-ATPase was studied by analyzing two enzyme activities, the expression level of selected VHA genes and the protein level of selected VHA subunits in plants treated with a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and NO biosynthesis inhibitors (tungstate, WO42- and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME). Our results indicate that NO functions as a positive regulator of V-ATPase and that this regulation depends on NO generated by nitrate reductase and NOS-like activity. It was found that the mechanism of NO action is not related to changes in the gene expression or protein level of the V-ATPase subunits. The results suggest that in cucumber roots, NO signaling interacts with the SA pathway and, to a lesser extent, with two other known V-ATPase regulators, H2O2 and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zboińska
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland;
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11
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Zhang C, Huang R, Zhan N, Qin L. Methyl jasmonate and selenium synergistically mitigative cadmium toxicity in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants by improving antioxidase activities and reducing Cd accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28273-7. [PMID: 37326735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or selenium (Se)-mediated response to cadmium (Cd) stress in plant has been widely reported, but the combined effects both on plant growth in response to Cd stress and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we showed the combined effects of MeJA (2.5 μM) and Se (7 μM) on hot pepper growth under Cd stress (CdCl2, 5 μM). The results showed Cd suppressed the accumulation of total chlorophyll and carotenoid and reduced the photosynthesis, while it increased the content of endogenous signaling molecules, e.g. nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as Cd content in leaves. The combined application of MeJA and Se significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs, e.g. SOD and CAT) and defense-related enzymes (DREs, POD and PAL). Additionally, the synergistic application of MeJA and Se also obviously improved photosynthesis in hot pepper plants under Cd stress compared with those treated with MeJA or Se respectively or not. Moreover, the treatment of MeJA associated with Se also effectively reduced the Cd accumulation in hot pepper leaves under Cd stress compared with the plants treated with MeJA or Se separately, which implied a potentially synergistic role of MeJA and Se in alleviating Cd toxicity in hot pepper plants. This study provides a theoretical reference for the further analysis of the molecular mechanism of MeJA and Se in jointly mediating the response to heavy metals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Renquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Niheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Lijun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
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12
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Wang X, Chang W, Fan X, Li K, Zhang M, Ping Y, He X, Song F. Cocultivation with Solanum nigrum and inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices can improve plant photosynthesis and antioxidant defense to alleviate cadmium toxicity to soybean. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114849. [PMID: 37011513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High Cd pollution can damage plant physiology and seriously threaten ecological security and human health. Therefore, we designed a cropping system, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - soybean - Solanum nigrum L., to solve the high Cd pollution problem in an environmentally and economically friendly way. The results showed that AMF were able to break free from the constraints of cocultivation and still promote plant photosynthesis and growth in combined treatments to resist Cd stress. In addition, cocultivation combined with AMF improved the antioxidant defense to scavenge reactive oxygen species by promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzyme substances in host plants. The glutathione content in soybean and the catalase activity in nightshade were recorded at the highest values under cocultivation combined with AMF treatment, which were 23.68% and 129.12% higher than those of monoculture without AMF treatments. The improvement in antioxidant defense alleviated oxidative stress, which was manifested by the reduction in Cd dense electronic particles in the ultrastructure and a 26.38% decrease in MDA content. Furthermore, this cropping mode combined the advantages of cocultivation to improve the Cd extraction efficiency and Rhizophagus intraradices to limit Cd accumulation and transport so that Cd was more accumulated and restricted in the roots of the cocultivated Solanum nigrum L., and the Cd concentration in soybean beans was reduced by 56% compared with the soybean monoculture without AMF treatment. Therefore, we suggest that this cropping system is a comprehensive and mild remediation technology suitable for highly Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Kun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xin He
- Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China.
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13
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Hu L, Gao X, Li Y, Lyu J, Xiao X, Zhang G, Yu J. Nitric Oxide Induced by Ammonium/Nitrate Ratio Ameliorates Low-Light Stress in Brassica pekinesis: Regulation of Photosynthesis and Root Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087271. [PMID: 37108434 PMCID: PMC10138312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-light intensity affects plant growth and development and, finally, causes a decrease in yield and quality. There is a need for improved cropping strategies to solve the problem. We previously demonstrated that moderate ammonium:nitrate ratio (NH4+:NO3-) mitigated the adverse effect caused by low-light stress, although the mechanism behind this alleviation is unclear. The hypothesis that the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) induced by moderate NH4+:NO3- (10:90) involved in regulating photosynthesis and root architecture of Brassica pekinesis subjected to low-light intensity was proposed. To prove the hypothesis, a number of hydroponic experiments were conducted. The results showed that in plants exposed to low-light intensity, the exogenous donors NO (SNP) and NH4+:NO3- (N, 10:90) treatments significantly increased leaf area, growth range, and root fresh weight compared with nitrate treatment. However, the application of hemoglobin (Hb, NO scavenger), N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NOS inhibitor), and sodium azide (NaN3, NR inhibitor) in N solution remarkably decreased the leaf area, canopy spread, the biomass of shoot and root, the surface area, and volume and tips of the root. The application of N solution and exogenous SNP significantly enhanced Pn (Net photosynthetic rate) and rETR (relative electron transport rates) compared with solo nitrate. While all these effects of N and SNP on photosynthesis, such as Pn, Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of PSII), Y(II) (actual photosynthetic efficiency), qP (photochemical quenching), and rETR were reversed when the application of Hb, L-NAME, and NaN3 in N solution. The results also showed that the N and SNP treatments were more conducive to maintaining cell morphology, chloroplast structure, and a higher degree of grana stacking of low-light treated plants. Moreover, the application of N significantly increased the NOS and NR activities, and the NO levels in the leaves and roots of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings treated with N were significantly higher than those in nitrate-treated plants. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that NO synthesis induced by the appropriate ammonia-nitrate ratio (NH4+:NO3- = 10:90) was involved in the regulation of photosynthesis and root structure of Brassica pekinesis under low-light stress, effectively alleviating low-light stress and contributing to the growth of mini Chinese cabbage under low-light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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14
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Cuypers A, Vanbuel I, Iven V, Kunnen K, Vandionant S, Huybrechts M, Hendrix S. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress responses and acclimation in plants require fine-tuning of redox biology at subcellular level. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:81-96. [PMID: 36775109 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic compounds released into our environment and is harmful to human health, urging the need to remediate Cd-polluted soils. To this end, it is important to increase our insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd stress responses in plants, ultimately leading to acclimation, and to develop novel strategies for economic validation of these soils. Albeit its non-redox-active nature, Cd causes a cellular oxidative challenge, which is a crucial determinant in the onset of diverse signalling cascades required for long-term acclimation and survival of Cd-exposed plants. Although it is well known that Cd affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging, the contribution of individual organelles to Cd-induced oxidative stress responses is less well studied. Here, we provide an overview of the current information on Cd-induced organellar responses with special attention to redox biology. We propose that an integration of organellar ROS signals with other signalling pathways is essential to finetune plant acclimation to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Isabeau Vanbuel
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Verena Iven
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kris Kunnen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vandionant
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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15
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Zhou X, Deng Y, Wang R, Wang F, Cui H, Hu D, Lu P. Toxic effects of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor on Rana nigromaculata tadpoles: growth, antioxidant indices and thyroid hormone-related endocrine system. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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16
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Tang Z, Wang HQ, Chen J, Chang JD, Zhao FJ. Molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and detoxification of trace metals and metalloids in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:570-593. [PMID: 36546407 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations (e.g., Cu, Zn, Ni, Co), while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations (e.g., As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg). Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities. Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants, as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health. Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils. The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress, genotoxicity, programmed cell death, and disturbance in multiple physiological processes. Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding, complexation, vacuolar sequestration, efflux, and translocation. Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity, detoxification, and regulation, as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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17
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Kumar D, Ohri P. Say "NO" to plant stresses: Unravelling the role of nitric oxide under abiotic and biotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:36-57. [PMID: 36460229 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gaseous molecule, which plays different roles in different strata of organisms. Discovered as a neurotransmitter in animals, NO has now gained a significant place in plant signaling cascade. NO regulates plant growth and several developmental processes including germination, root formation, stomatal movement, maturation and defense in plants. Due to its gaseous state, it is unchallenging for NO to reach different parts of cell and counterpoise antioxidant pool. Various abiotic and biotic stresses act on plants and affect their growth and development. NO plays a pivotal role in alleviating toxic effects caused by various stressors by modulating oxidative stress, antioxidant defense mechanism, metal transport and ion homeostasis. It also modulates the activity of some transcriptional factors during stress conditions in plants. Besides its role during stress conditions, interaction of NO with other signaling molecules such as other gasotransmitters (hydrogen sulfide), phytohormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellin, ethylene, brassinosteroids, cytokinins and auxin), ions, polyamines, etc. has been demonstrated. These interactions play vital role in alleviating plant stress by modulating defense mechanisms in plants. Taking all these aspects into consideration, the current review focuses on the role of NO and its interaction with other signaling molecules in regulating plant growth and development, particularly under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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18
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Ren Q, Li N, Liu R, Ma X, Sun J, Zeng J, Li Q, Wang M, Chen X, Wu X, Yang L. Nitric oxide (NO) involved in Cd tolerance in NHX1 transgenic duckweed during Cd stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2065114. [PMID: 35470786 PMCID: PMC9045825 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2065114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities cause heavy metal pollution, such as cadmium (Cd). Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1) transgenic duckweed showed Cd tolerance in our previous study, and the signal mechanism needs to be explored. As an important signal molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is involved in a number of functions under abiotic stress response. This study analyzed the levels of endogenous NO in wild-type (WT) duckweed and NHX1 duckweed under Cd treatment. The results showed that after 24 h Cd treatment, the endogenous NO level of WT duckweed decreased, which was significantly lower than that in NHX1 duckweed. Studies have proved that NHX1 influences pH. The level of NO in this study has been investigated at different pH. The NO level was the highest in the duckweed cultured with pH 5.3. Nitrate reductase gene expression was down-regulated and NO synthesis was decreased under Cd stress in WT duckweed. This study showed that NO level has been modified in NHX1 duckweed, which could be influcened by pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Ruxin Liu
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine Sun Yat-san University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Jianyao Zeng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, Baoshan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, Xiqing, China
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19
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Ren Q, Xu Z, Xue Y, Yang R, Ma X, Sun J, Wang J, Lin S, Wang W, Yang L, Sun Z. Mechanism of calcium signal response to cadmium stress in duckweed. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2119340. [PMID: 36102362 PMCID: PMC9481097 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2119340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) causes serious damage to plants. Although calcium (Ca) signal has been found to respond to certain stress, the localization of Ca and molecular mechanisms underlying Ca signal in plants during Cd stress are largely unknown. In this study, Ca2+-sensing fluorescent reporter (GCaMP3) transgenic duckweed showed the Ca2+ signal response in Lemna turionifera 5511 (duckweed) during Cd stress. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of Ca2+ has been studied during Cd stress by transmission electron microscopy, showing the accumulation of Ca2+ in vacuoles. Also, Ca2+ flow during Cd stress has been measured. At the same time, the effects of exogenous glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric (GABA) on duckweed can better clarify the signal operation mechanism of plants to Cd stress. The molecular mechanism of Ca2+ signal responsed during Cd stress showed that Cd treatment promotes the positive response of Ca signaling channels in plant cells, and thus affects the intracellular Ca content. These novel signal studies provided an important Ca2+ signal molecular mechanism during Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanpeng Sun
- Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Overexpression of acdS in Petunia hybrida Improved Flower Longevity and Cadmium-Stress Tolerance by Reducing Ethylene Production in Floral and Vegetative Tissues. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203197. [PMID: 36291065 PMCID: PMC9600315 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of acdS, which encodes the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzyme, in extending flower longevity and improving tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress was assessed using transgenic Petunia hybrida cv. ‘Mirage Rose’ overexpressing acdS and wild-type (WT) plants. The overexpression of acdS reduced ethylene production in floral tissue via suppression of ethylene-related genes and improved flower longevity, approximately 2 to 4 days longer than WT flowers. Under Cd stress, acdS significantly reduced Cd-induced ethylene production in vegetable tissues of transgenic plants through suppression of ethylene-related genes. This resulted in a lower accumulation of ethylene-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the transgenic plants than in WT plants. In addition, expression of the genes involved in the activities of antioxidant and proline synthesis as well as the metal chelation process was also higher in the former than in the latter. Moreover, Cd accumulation was significantly higher in WT plants than in the transgenic plants. These results are linked to the greater tolerance of transgenic plants to Cd stress than the WT plants, which was determined based on plant growth and physiological performance. These results highlight the potential applicability of using acdS to extend flower longevity of ornamental bedding plants and also reveal the mechanism by which acdS improves Cd-stress tolerance. We suggest that acdS overexpression in plants can extend flower longevity and also help reduce the negative impact of Cd-induced ethylene on plant growth when the plants are unavoidably cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil.
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21
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Li C, Cao Y, Li T, Guo M, Ma X, Zhu Y, Fan J. Changes in antioxidant system and sucrose metabolism in maize varieties exposed to Cd. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64999-65011. [PMID: 35482243 PMCID: PMC9481512 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Different maize varieties respond differentially to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the physiological mechanisms that determine the response are not well defined. Antioxidant systems and sucrose metabolism help plants to cope with abiotic stresses, including Cd stress. The relationship of these two systems in the response to Cd stress is unclear. Seed is sensitive to Cd stress during germination. In this study, we investigated changes in the antioxidant system, sucrose metabolism, and abscisic acid and gibberellin concentrations in two maize varieties with low (FY9) or high (SY33) sensitivities to Cd under exposure to CdCl2 (20 mg L-1) at different stages of germination (3, 6, and 9 days).The seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited under Cd stress. The superoxide, malondialdehyde, and proline concentrations, and the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and lipoxygenase activities increased compared with those of the control (CK; without Cd). The expression levels of three genes (ZmOPR2, ZmOPR5, and ZmPP2C6) responsive to oxidative stress increased differentially in the two varieties under Cd stress. The activity of the antioxidant system and the transcript levels of oxidative stress-responsive genes were higher in the Cd-tolerant variety, FY9, than in the sensitive variety, SY33. Sucrose metabolism was increased under Cd stress compared with that of the CK and was more active in the Cd-sensitive variety, SY33. These results suggest that the antioxidant system is the first response to Cd stress in maize, and that sucrose metabolism is cooperative and complementary under exposure to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingdi Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianfeng Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Meiyu Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xinglin Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanshu Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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22
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Terrón-Camero LC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Rodríguez-González A, del Val C, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Gene network downstream plant stress response modulated by peroxisomal H 2O 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930721. [PMID: 36082297 PMCID: PMC9445673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers that can be sensed by specific redox-sensitive proteins responsible for the activation of signal transduction culminating in altered gene expression. The subcellular site, in which modifications in the ROS/oxidation state occur, can also act as a specific cellular redox network signal. The chemical identity of ROS and their subcellular origin is actually a specific imprint on the transcriptome response. In recent years, a number of transcriptomic studies related to altered ROS metabolism in plant peroxisomes have been carried out. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of these transcriptomic findings to identify common transcriptional footprints for plant peroxisomal-dependent signaling at early and later time points. These footprints highlight the regulation of various metabolic pathways and gene families, which are also found in plant responses to several abiotic stresses. Major peroxisomal-dependent genes are associated with protein and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protection at later stages of stress while, at earlier stages, these genes are related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling regulation. Furthermore, in silico analyses allowed us to assign human orthologs to some of the peroxisomal-dependent proteins, which are mainly associated with different cancer pathologies. Peroxisomal footprints provide a valuable resource for assessing and supporting key peroxisomal functions in cellular metabolism under control and stress conditions across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - A. Rodríguez-González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Coral del Val
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M. Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María C. Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Liu Y, Lu M, Persson DP, Luo J, Liang Y, Li T. The involvement of nitric oxide and ethylene on the formation of endodermal barriers in response to Cd in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119530. [PMID: 35636714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene are both important signaling molecules which participate in numerous plant development processes and environmental stress resistance. Here, we investigate whether and how NO interacts with ethylene during the development of endodermal barriers that have major consequences for the apoplastic uptake of cadmium (Cd) in the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. In response to Cd, an increased NO accumulation, while a decrease in ethylene production was observed in the roots of S. alfredii. Exogenous supplementation of NO donor SNP (sodium nitroprusside) decreased the ethylene production in roots, while NO scavenger cPTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) had the opposite effect. The exogenous addition of NO affected the ethylene production through regulating the expression of genes related to ethylene synthesis. However, upon exogenous ethylene addition, roots retained their NO accumulation. The abovementioned results suggest that ethylene is downstream of the NO signaling pathway in S. alfredii. Regardless of Cd, addition of SNP promoted the deposition of endodermal barriers via regulating the genes related to Casparian strips deposition and suberization. Correlation analyses indicate that NO positively modifies the formation of endodermal barriers via the NO-ethylene signaling pathway, Cd-induced NO accumulation interferes with the synthesis of ethylene, leading to a deposition of endodermal barriers in S. alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Facility of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Min Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Facility of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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24
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The Role of NO in the Amelioration of Heavy Metal Stress in Plants by Individual Application or in Combination with Phytohormones, Especially Auxin. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the time of the Industrial Revolution, the accumulation of various heavy metals (HMs), such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), etc., has increased substantially in the soil, causing a real risk to all kinds of consumers in the food chain. Moreover, excess HM accumulation is considered a major factor in decreasing plant growth and productivity. A number of recent studies have exhibited the astonishing impact of nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional, gaseous signal molecule, on alleviating the destructive effects of HMs. Many reports revealed the noteworthy contribution of NO in reducing HM uptake and toxicity levels. In the present review, focus is given to the contribution of NO to decrease the toxicity levels of different HMs in a variety of plant species and their accumulation in those species. Simultaneously, this review also demonstrates the effects of NO on HM-stressed species, by its use both individually and along with auxin, a plant-growth-promoting phytohormone. Different perspectives about the reaction to the co-application of NO and auxin, as well as the differential role of NO to overcome HM stress, have been expanded.
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25
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Sabella E, Aprile A, Tenuzzo BA, Carata E, Panzarini E, Luvisi A, De Bellis L, Vergine M. Effects of Cadmium on Root Morpho-Physiology of Durum Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936020. [PMID: 35812940 PMCID: PMC9260267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] can accumulate a high level of Cd in grains with a significant variability depending on cultivars. Understanding how this toxic element is distributed in cereal tissues and grains is essential to improve the nutritional quality of cereal-based products. The main objective of this work was to investigate roots of durum wheat plants (cv. Iride) exposed to different Cd concentrations (0.5 and 5.0 μM) to identify the mechanisms involved in Cd management. Results showed that the root morphology was altered by Cd treatment both at macroscopic (increased number of tips and primary root length) and ultrastructural levels (cell membrane system damaged, cell walls thickened and enriched in suberin). On the other side, Cd was localized in vesicles and in cell walls, and the metal colocalized with the phytosiderophore nicotianamine (NA). Overall, data suggest that Cd is chelated by NA and then compartmentalized, through vesicular trafficking, in the root thickened walls reducing Cd translocation to the aerial organs of the plant.
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26
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Meng Y, Jing H, Huang J, Shen R, Zhu X. The Role of Nitric Oxide Signaling in Plant Responses to Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136901. [PMID: 35805908 PMCID: PMC9266721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a widely distributed gaseous signaling molecule in plants that can be synthesized through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and plays an important role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal pollutant widely found in the environment, which not only inhibits plant growth but also enters humans through the food chain and endangers human health. To reduce or avoid the adverse effects of Cd stress, plants have evolved a range of coping mechanisms. Many studies have shown that NO is also involved in the plant response to Cd stress and plays an important role in regulating the resistance of plants to Cd stress. However, until now, the mechanisms by which Cd stress regulates the level of endogenous NO accumulation in plant cells remained unclear, and the role of exogenous NO in plant responses to Cd stress is controversial. This review describes the pathways of NO production in plants, the changes in endogenous NO levels in plants under Cd stress, and the effects of exogenous NO on regulating plant resistance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.M.); (H.J.); (J.H.); (R.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huaikang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.M.); (H.J.); (J.H.); (R.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.M.); (H.J.); (J.H.); (R.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.M.); (H.J.); (J.H.); (R.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.M.); (H.J.); (J.H.); (R.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8688-1008 or +86-25-8688-1000
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27
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Hafsi C, Collado-Arenal AM, Wang H, Sanz-Fernández M, Sahrawy M, Shabala S, Romero-Puertas MC, Sandalio LM. The role of NADPH oxidases in regulating leaf gas exchange and ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis plants under cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128217. [PMID: 35077969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase, an enzyme associated with the plasma membrane, constitutes one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which regulate different developmental and adaptive responses in plants. In this work, the involvement of NADPH oxidases in the regulation of photosynthesis and cell ionic homeostasis in response to short cadmium exposure was compared between wild type (WT) and three RBOHs (Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologues) Arabidopsis mutants (AtrbohC, AtrbohD, and AtrbohF). Plants were grown under hydroponic conditions and supplemented with 50 µM CdCl2 for 24 h. Cadmium treatment differentially affected photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and antioxidative responses in WT and Atrbohs mutants. The loss of function of RBOH isoforms resulted in higher Cd2+ influx, mainly in the elongation zone of roots, which was more evident in AtrbohD and AtrbohF mutants. In the mature zone, the highest Cd2+ influx was observed in rbohC mutant. The lack of functional RBOH isoforms also resulted in altered patterns of net K+ transport across cellular membranes, both in the root epidermis and leaf mesophyll. The analysis of expression of metal transporters by qPCR demonstrated that a loss of functional RBOH isoforms has altered transcript levels for metal NRAMP3, NRAMP6 and IRT1 and the K+ transporters outward-rectifying K+ efflux GORK channel, while RBOHD specifically regulated transcripts for high-affinity K+ transporters KUP8 and HAK5, and IRT1 and RBOHD and F regulated the transcription factors TGA3 and TGA10. It is concluded that RBOH-dependent H2O2 regulation of ion homeostasis and Cd is a highly complex process involving multilevel regulation from transpirational water flow to transcriptional and posttranslational modifications of K/metals transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Hafsi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901 - 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja (ISBB), University of Jendouba, Habib Bourguiba avenue P. O. Box 382 - 9000, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - María Sanz-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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28
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Huchzermeyer B, Menghani E, Khardia P, Shilu A. Metabolic Pathway of Natural Antioxidants, Antioxidant Enzymes and ROS Providence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040761. [PMID: 35453446 PMCID: PMC9025363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the origin, we can classify different types of stress. Environmental factors, such as high light intensity, adverse temperature, drought, or soil salinity, are summarized as abiotic stresses and discriminated from biotic stresses that are exerted by pathogens and herbivores, for instance. It was an unexpected observation that overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common response to all kinds of stress investigated so far. With respect to applied aspects in agriculture and crop breeding, this observation allows using ROS production as a measure to rank the stress perception of individual plants. ROS are important messengers in cell signaling, but exceeding a concentration threshold causes damage. This requires fine-tuning of ROS production and degradation rates. In general, there are two options to control cellular ROS levels, (I) ROS scavenging at the expense of antioxidant consumption and (II) enzyme-controlled degradation of ROS. As antioxidants are limited in quantity, the first strategy only allows temporarily buffering of a certain cellular ROS level. This way, it prevents spells of eventually damaging ROS concentrations. In this review, we focus on the second strategy. We discuss how enzyme-controlled degradation of ROS integrates into plant metabolism. Enzyme activities can be continuously operative. Cellular homeostasis can be achieved by regulation of respective gene expression and subsequent regulation of the enzyme activities. A better understanding of this interplay allows for identifying traits for stress tolerance breeding of crops. As a side effect, the result also may be used to identify cultivation methods modifying crop metabolism, thus resulting in special crop quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Huchzermeyer
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany;
- Association of German Engineers (VDI), BV Hannover, AK Biotechnology, Hanomag Str. 12, 30449 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ekta Menghani
- Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, India; (P.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9829275441
| | - Pooja Khardia
- Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, India; (P.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ayushi Shilu
- Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur 303905, India; (P.K.); (A.S.)
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29
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Zulfiqar U, Jiang W, Xiukang W, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Maqsood MF, Ali N, Ishfaq M, Kaleem M, Haider FU, Farooq N, Naveed M, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773815. [PMID: 35371142 PMCID: PMC8965506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review's results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ali
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naila Farooq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Brassinosteroids Mitigate Cadmium Effects in Arabidopsis Root System without Any Cooperation with Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020825. [PMID: 35055009 PMCID: PMC8776143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) affects root system development and quiescent center (QC)-definition in Arabidopsis root-apices. The brassinosteroids-(BRs)-mediated tolerance to heavy metals has been reported to occur by a modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and root auxin-localization. However, how BRs counteract Cd-action in different root types is unknown. This research aimed to find correlations between BRs and NO in response to Cd in Arabidopsis’s root system, monitoring their effects on QC-definition and auxin localization in root-apices. To this aim, root system developmental changes induced by low levels of 24-epibrassinolide (eBL) or by the BR-biosynthesis inhibitor brassinazole (Brz), combined or not with CdSO4, and/or with the NO-donor nitroprusside (SNP), were investigated using morpho-anatomical and NO-epifluorescence analyses, and monitoring auxin-localization by the DR5::GUS system. Results show that eBL, alone or combined with Cd, enhances lateral (LR) and adventitious (AR) root formation and counteracts QC-disruption and auxin-delocalization caused by Cd in primary root/LR/AR apices. Exogenous NO enhances LR and AR formation in Cd-presence, without synergism with eBL. The NO-signal is positively affected by eBL, but not in Cd-presence, and BR-biosynthesis inhibition does not change the low NO-signal caused by Cd. Collectively, results show that BRs ameliorate Cd-effects on all root types acting independently from NO.
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Thakur M, Praveen S, Divte PR, Mitra R, Kumar M, Gupta CK, Kalidindi U, Bansal R, Roy S, Anand A, Singh B. Metal tolerance in plants: Molecular and physicochemical interface determines the "not so heavy effect" of heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131957. [PMID: 34450367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An increase in technological interventions and ruthless urbanization in the name of development has deteriorated our environment over time and caused the buildup of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil and water resources. These heavy metals are gaining increased access into our food chain through the plant and/or animal-based products, to adversely impact human health. The issue of how to restrict the entry of HMs or modulate their response in event of their ingress into the plant system is worrisome. The current knowledge on the interactive-regulatory role and contribution of different physical, biophysical, biochemical, physiological, and molecular factors that determine the heavy metal availability-uptake-partitioning dynamics in the soil-plant-environment needs to be updated. The present review critically analyses the interactive overlaps between different adaptation and tolerance strategies that may be causally related to their cellular localization, conjugation and homeostasis, a relative affinity for the transporters, rhizosphere modifications, activation of efflux pumps and vacuolar sequestration that singly or collectively determine a plant's response to HM stress. Recently postulated role of gaseous pollutants such as SO2 and other secondary metabolites in heavy metal tolerance, which may be regulated at the whole plant and/or tissue/cell is discussed to delineate and work towards a "not so heavy" response of plants to heavy metals present in the contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shamima Praveen
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Pandurang R Divte
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413 115, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Gupta
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002, India
| | - Usha Kalidindi
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Suman Roy
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Barker J, Mokhberdoran F, Ramakrishnan M, Liu G, Li Y. Nitric Oxide Ameliorates Plant Metal Toxicity by Increasing Antioxidant Capacity and Reducing Pb and Cd Translocation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1981. [PMID: 34943084 PMCID: PMC8750146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to increase plant resistance to heavy metal stress. In this regard, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in a bamboo species (Arundinaria pygmaea) under lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity. The treatment included 200 µmol of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) alone and in combination with 200 µM SNP: NO donor, 0.1% Hb, bovine hemoglobin (NO scavenger), and 50 µM L-NAME, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NO synthase inhibitor) in four replications in comparison to controls. The results demonstrated that the addition of L-NAME and Hb as an NO synthase inhibitor and NO scavenger significantly increased oxidative stress and injured the cell membrane of the bamboo species. The addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for NO synthesis increased antioxidant activity, protein content, photosynthetic properties, plant biomass, and plant growth under heavy metal (Pb and Cd) toxicity. It was concluded that NO can increase plant tolerance for metal toxicity with some key mechanisms, such as increasing antioxidant activities, limiting metal translocation from roots to shoots, and diminishing metal accumulation in the roots, shoots, and stems of bamboo species under heavy metal toxicity (Pb and Cd).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghassem Emamverdian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Farzad Mokhberdoran
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
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Yadav V, Arif N, Singh VP, Guerriero G, Berni R, Shinde S, Raturi G, Deshmukh R, Sandalio LM, Chauhan DK, Tripathi DK. Histochemical Techniques in Plant Science: More Than Meets the Eye. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1509-1527. [PMID: 33594421 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Histochemistry is an essential analytical tool interfacing extensively with plant science. The literature is indeed constellated with examples showing its use to decipher specific physiological and developmental processes, as well as to study plant cell structures. Plant cell structures are translucent unless they are stained. Histochemistry allows the identification and localization, at the cellular level, of biomolecules and organelles in different types of cells and tissues, based on the use of specific staining reactions and imaging. Histochemical techniques are also widely used for the in vivo localization of promoters in specific tissues, as well as to identify specific cell wall components such as lignin and polysaccharides. Histochemistry also enables the study of plant reactions to environmental constraints, e.g. the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be traced by applying histochemical staining techniques. The possibility of detecting ROS and localizing them at the cellular level is vital in establishing the mechanisms involved in the sensitivity and tolerance to different stress conditions in plants. This review comprehensively highlights the additional value of histochemistry as a complementary technique to high-throughput approaches for the study of the plant response to environmental constraints. Moreover, here we have provided an extensive survey of the available plant histochemical staining methods used for the localization of metals, minerals, secondary metabolites, cell wall components, and the detection of ROS production in plant cells. The use of recent technological advances like CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing for histological application is also addressed. This review also surveys the available literature data on histochemical techniques used to study the response of plants to abiotic stresses and to identify the effects at the tissue and cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Namira Arif
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Roberto Berni
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Suhas Shinde
- Department of Biology and Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, I 2 Block, 5th Floor, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
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Peralta JM, Bianucci E, Romero-Puertas MC, Furlan A, Castro S, Travaglia C. Targeting redox metabolism of the maize-Azospirillum brasilense interaction exposed to arsenic-affected groundwater. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1189-1206. [PMID: 34331344 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic in groundwater constitutes an agronomic problem due to its potential accumulation in the food chain. Among the agro-sustainable tools to reduce metal(oid)s toxicity, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) becomes important. For that, and based on previous results in which significant differences of As translocation were observed when inoculating maize plants with Az39 or CD Azospirillum strains, we decided to decipher the redox metabolism changes and the antioxidant system response of maize plants inoculated when exposed to a realistic arsenate (AsV ) dose. Results showed that AsV caused morphological changes in the root exodermis. Photosynthetic pigments decreased only in CD inoculated plants, while oxidative stress evidence was detected throughout the plant, regardless of the assayed strain. The antioxidant response was strain-differential since only CD inoculated plants showed an increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities while other enzymes showed the same behavior irrespective of the inoculated strain. Gene expression assays reported that only GST23 transcript level was upregulated by arsenate, regardless of the inoculated strain. AsV diminished the glutathione (GSH) content of roots inoculated with the Az39 strain, and CD inoculated plants showed a decrease of oxidized GSH (GSSG) levels. We suggest a model in which the antioxidant response of the maize-diazotrophs system is modulated by the strain and that GSH plays a central role acting mainly as a substrate for GST. These findings generate knowledge for a suitable PGPB selection, and its scaling to an effective bioinoculant formulation for maize crops exposed to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Peralta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Travaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Akter S, Khan MS, Smith EN, Flashman E. Measuring ROS and redox markers in plant cells. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1384-1401. [PMID: 34704044 PMCID: PMC8495998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced throughout plant cells as a by-product of electron transfer processes. While highly oxidative and potentially damaging to a range of biomolecules, there exists a suite of ROS-scavenging antioxidant strategies that maintain a redox equilibrium. This balance can be disrupted in the event of cellular stress leading to increased ROS levels, which can act as a useful stress signal but, in excess, can result in cell damage and death. As crop plants become exposed to greater degrees of multiple stresses due to climate change, efforts are ongoing to engineer plants with greater stress tolerance. It is therefore important to understand the pathways underpinning ROS-mediated signalling and damage, both through measuring ROS themselves and other indicators of redox imbalance. The highly reactive and transient nature of ROS makes this challenging to achieve, particularly in a way that is specific to individual ROS species. In this review, we describe the range of chemical and biological tools and techniques currently available for ROS and redox marker measurement in plant cells and tissues. We discuss the limitations inherent in current methodology and opportunities for advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahneawz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
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Hassan M, Israr M, Mansoor S, Hussain SA, Basheer F, Azizullah A, Ur Rehman S. Acclimation of cadmium-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mung bean seedlings by priming effect of phytohormones and proline. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257924. [PMID: 34587203 PMCID: PMC8480768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, eight local mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties were analyzed for their performance against two levels of CdCl2 solution (0.3 and 0.5 mM) alone and priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) (100 μM), salicylic acid (SA) (50 μM) and proline (5 mM) solution prior to Cd exposure. Mung bean seedlings were analyzed for disturbance in cytological, morphological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters under cadmium stress. For cytological studies, 48 h grown mung bean seedlings root tips were used to prepare slides and studied for percent mitotic index (MI%) and to calculate percent C-mitosis, laggard, sticky and fragmented chromosomes, pictures were captured by a Nikon camera (DS-Fi 1 Japan) attached with a microscope. One-week grown mung seedlings were studied for growth traits, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes. ANOVA and DMR test of this research revealed that all the tested mung bean varieties and treatments were significantly different regarding mitotic index and number of chromosomal aberrations. Both the Cd treatments exhibited increased total chromosomal aberrations with different types and a maximum decrease in MI%. In pretreated samples, GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples. Both the Cd treatments showed a decrease in all growth traits. Total proteins were also found to be significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all genotypes. Cd treatment increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested. Cd caused oxidative damage as indicated by elevated levels of MDA content in treated samples in comparison to control. Proline content levels were also high in Cd treated seedlings indicating stress. Results demonstrated that pretreatment with phytohormones and proline before Cd were found to improve all morphological parameters, by altering antioxidant enzymes activities along with a decrease in MDA and proline contents as well. It was further noticed that the performance of GA3 was better at 0.3 mM Cd treatment while SA was found to be a good mitigating agent at 0.5 mM Cd stress in all tested mung bean varieties. This research concluded less deleterious effects of Cd on AZRI-2006 while more sensitivity to NM-51 towards Cd. Priming with phytohormones and proline is a user-friendly, economical, and simple mitigation strategy to reduce Cd toxicity in plants and get better yield from contaminated lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Hassan
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Simeen Mansoor
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Amna Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Basheer
- Department of Zoology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Romero-Puertas MC, Terrón-Camero LC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Molina-Moya E, Sandalio LM. An update on redox signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress crosstalk: insights from cadmium and fungal pathogen interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5857-5875. [PMID: 34111283 PMCID: PMC8355756 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex signalling pathways are involved in plant protection against single and combined stresses. Plants are able to coordinate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming and display a unique programme of transcriptional responses to a combination of stresses that differs from the response to single stresses. However, a significant overlap between pathways and some defence genes in the form of shared and general stress-responsive genes appears to be commonly involved in responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as redox signals, are key molecules involved at the crossroads of the perception of different stress factors and the regulation of both specific and general plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on crosstalk between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to possible plant protection against pathogens caused by previous abiotic stress. Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptome data from cadmium- and fungal pathogen-treated plants focusing on redox gene ontology categories were carried out to gain a better understanding of common plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the complex network involved in plant responses to changes in their environment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra” (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
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Investigating the Drought and Salinity Effect on the Redox Components of Sulla Coronaria (L.) Medik. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071048. [PMID: 34209774 PMCID: PMC8300714 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the Mediterranean region, climate models predict an acceleration of desertification processes, thus threatening agriculture. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of drought and salinity on Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik., a Mediterranean forage legume, for understanding plant defence systems activated by these stressors. In detail, we focused our attention on the variations on the plant redox status. Plants were subjected to suboptimal watering and irrigation with sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The same salt treatment was applied for in vitro tests on seedlings. Water content did not change after treatments. Salt negatively influenced seed germination and seedling development, but it did not affect photosynthesis parameters, contrary to what was observed in adult plants. Proline concentration increased in all samples, while abscisic acid level increased exclusively in seedlings. NaCl caused accumulation of superoxide anion in plants and seedlings and hydrogen peroxide only in seedlings; nevertheless, lipid peroxidation was not detected. Total phenolics, glutathione, expression level, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were assayed, revealing a complex antiradical molecular response, depending on the type of stress and development stage. Our results confirm Sulla as a drought- and salt-tolerant species and highlight its ability to counteract oxidative stress. This evidence suggests a key role for the redox components, as signal transduction messengers, in Sulla acclimation to desertification. Finally, plants and seedlings showed different acclimation capacity to salinity, revealing a greater genomic plasticity for seedlings.
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Basu S, Kumari S, Kumar A, Shahid R, Kumar S, Kumar G. Nitro-oxidative stress induces the formation of roots' cortical aerenchyma in rice under osmotic stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:963-975. [PMID: 33826753 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress induces the formation of cortical aerenchyma in roots, providing drought tolerance by reducing respiration. However, unrestricted aerenchyma formation impedes the radial transport of water through the root's central cylinder; thereby decreasing the water uptake under drought stress. Therefore, exploring the root architectural and anatomical alterations in rice under drought is essential for targeting crop improvement. Drought stress-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the lysigenous aerenchyma development. However, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the development of lysigenous aerenchyma under drought has never been studied in rice. The present study examined the effect of ROS and RNS, generated by progressive drought stress, on the lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the roots of contrasting rice genotypes of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains (EIGP). As expected, the PEG-induced drought stress stimulated the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX), thereby promoting the ROS generation in roots of the rice seedlings. Excessive ROS and RNS accumulations in roots affected the membrane lipids, promoting the tissue-specific programmed cell death (PCD) in rice. The activation of the antioxidant defense system played a major role in the ROS and RNS detoxification, thereby restricting the root aerenchyma formation in rice under drought stress. The results also displayed that drought tolerance in rice is associated with the formation of the Casparian strip, which limits the apoplastic flow of water in the water-deficient roots. Overall, our study revealed the association of nitro-oxidative metabolism with PCD and lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the cortical cells of root under drought stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Surbhi Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Rimsha Shahid
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
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Chen X, Jiang W, Tong T, Chen G, Zeng F, Jang S, Gao W, Li Z, Mak M, Deng F, Chen ZH. Molecular Interaction and Evolution of Jasmonate Signaling With Transport and Detoxification of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:665842. [PMID: 33936156 PMCID: PMC8079949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increase in environmental pollution resulting from toxic heavy metals and metalloids [e.g., cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb)] causes serious health risks to humans and animals. Mitigation strategies need to be developed to reduce the accumulation of the toxic elements in plant-derived foods. Natural and genetically-engineered plants with hyper-tolerant and hyper-accumulating capacity of toxic minerals are valuable for phytoremediation. However, the molecular mechanisms of detoxification and accumulation in plants have only been demonstrated in very few plant species such as Arabidopsis and rice. Here, we review the physiological and molecular aspects of jasmonic acid and the jasmonate derivatives (JAs) in response to toxic heavy metals and metalloids. Jasmonates have been identified in, limiting the accumulation and enhancing the tolerance to the toxic elements, by coordinating the ion transport system, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the chelating capacity in plants. We also propose the potential involvement of Ca2+ signaling in the stress-induced production of jasmonates. Comparative transcriptomics analyses using the public datasets reveal the key gene families involved in the JA-responsive routes. Furthermore, we show that JAs may function as a fundamental phytohormone that protects plants from heavy metals and metalloids as demonstrated by the evolutionary conservation and diversity of these gene families in a large number of species of the major green plant lineages. Using ATP-Binding Cassette G (ABCG) transporter subfamily of six representative green plant species, we propose that JA transporters in Subgroup 4 of ABCGs may also have roles in heavy metal detoxification. Our paper may provide guidance toward the selection and development of suitable plant and crop species that are tolerant to toxic heavy metals and metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Sunghoon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Physiological and thylakoid proteome analyses of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 for monitoring the photosynthetic responses under cadmium stress. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Investigation of TiO2 NPs Effect as a Wastewater Treatment to Mitigate Cd Negative Impact on Bamboo Growth. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent emerging evidence reveals that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can be used as a wastewater treatment. This study provides new information about the possible detoxification role of TiO2 NPs as a wastewater treatment in plants under heavy metal stress, with an emphasis on the mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs as one wastewater treatment on a bamboo species (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) under in vitro Cadmium (Cd) toxicity conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of four concentrations of Cd (50, 100, 200, and 300 µM) alone and in combination with 100 and 200 µM TiO2 NPs as two wastewater treatments, as well as a control treatment. The results indicated that TiO2 NPs concentrations enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities and proline accumulation as well as reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which led to improved photosynthetic parameters with an eventual increase in plant biomass as compared to the control treatment. Therefore, TiO2 NPs improved the photosynthetic parameters of bamboo under Cd toxicity, which led to an increase in plant biomass. We concluded that the wastewater treatments of TiO2 NPs improved bamboo biomass through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds (H2O2 and O2•−), which was induced by the stimulation of the antioxidant capacity of the plant. TiO2 also protected cell membranes by reducing lipoperoxidation in bamboo under Cd toxicity. The concentration of 200 µM TiO2 NPs had the most impact in reducing Cd toxicity.
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Cadmium (II)-Induced Oxidative Stress Results in Replication Stress and Epigenetic Modifications in Root Meristem Cell Nuclei of Vicia faba. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030640. [PMID: 33805688 PMCID: PMC7999292 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among heavy metals, cadmium is considered one of the most toxic and dangerous environmental factors, contributing to stress by disturbing the delicate balance between production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To explore possible relationships and linkages between Cd(II)-induced oxidative stress and the consequent damage at the genomic level (followed by DNA replication stress), root apical meristem (RAM) cells in broad bean (V. faba) seedlings exposed to CdCl2 treatment and to post-cadmium recovery water incubations were tested with respect to H2O2 production, DNA double-strand breaks (γ-phosphorylation of H2AX histones), chromatin morphology, histone H3S10 phosphorylation on serine (a marker of chromatin condensation), mitotic activity, and EdU staining (to quantify cells typical of different stages of nuclear DNA replication). In order to evaluate Cd(II)-mediated epigenetic changes involved in transcription and in the assembly of nucleosomes during the S-phase of the cell cycle, the acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 5 (H3K56Ac) was investigated by immunofluorescence. Cellular responses to cadmium (II) toxicity seem to be composed of a series of interlinked biochemical reactions, which, via generation of ROS and DNA damage-induced replication stress, ultimately activate signal factors engaged in cell cycle control pathways, DNA repair systems, and epigenetic adaptations.
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Singh H, Bhat JA, Singh VP, Corpas FJ, Yadav SR. Auxin metabolic network regulates the plant response to metalloids stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124250. [PMID: 33109410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are among the major pollutants posing a risk to the environment and global food security. Plant roots uptake these toxic metalloids from the soil along with other essential minerals. Plants respond to metalloid stress by regulating the distribution and levels of various endogenous phytohormones. Recent research showed that auxin is instrumental in mediating resilience to metalloid-induced stress in plants. Exogenous supplementation of the auxin or plant growth-promoting micro-organisms (PGPMs) alleviates metalloid uptake, localization, and accumulation in the plant tissues, thereby improving plant growth under metalloid stress. Moreover, auxin triggers various biological responses such as the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to combat nitro-oxidative stress induced by the metalloids. However, an in-depth understanding of the auxin stimulated molecular and physiological responses to the metalloid toxicity needs to be investigated in future studies. The current review attempts to provide an update on the recent advances and the current state-of-the-art associated with auxin and metalloid interaction, which could be used as a start point to develop biotechnological tools and create an eco-friendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key L aboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Akpinar A, Cansev A, Isleyen M. Effects of the lichen Peltigera canina on Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo grown in soil contaminated by DDTs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14576-14585. [PMID: 33211293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lichens consisting of a symbiotic association of green algae or cyanobacteria and fungi are found in a variety of environmental conditions worldwide. Terricolous lichens, located in soils, affect the living and lifeless environment of the soil due to their effective secondary metabolite and enzymatic content. Terricolous lichens can increase the biological, chemical, and physical usefulness of soil. However, their effects in ensuring the bioavailability of contaminated soil are not known, especially on soil pollution caused by DDTs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT). This research focuses on the effect of terricolous lichens on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo) grown in soil contaminated by DDTs, utilizing their secondary metabolite and enzymatic contents. Firstly, Peltigera canina, a terricolous lichen species, was added to soil contaminated by DDTs as powdered and intact thallus. After lichen addition to soil, zucchini was planted in. The oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activities of zucchini were measured. According to the results, P. canina treatments have a positive effect on the growth and development of zucchini, although oxidative stress was observed. Also, it was determined that powdered application had more effective results than intact thallus application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Akpinar
- Vocational School of Higher Education, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Cansev
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Isleyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16130, Bursa, Turkey
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Huang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Fang B, YangJin T, Zou J, Chen Y, Su N, Cui J. Enhanced vacuole compartmentalization of cadmium in root cells contributes to glutathione-induced reduction of cadmium translocation from roots to shoots in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111616. [PMID: 33396136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that exogenous glutathione (GSH) decreased cadmium (Cd) concentration in shoots and alleviated the growth inhibition in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) under Cd stress. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown how GSH decreases Cd accumulation in edible parts of pakchoi. This experiment mainly explored the mechanisms of GSH-induced reduction of Cd accumulation in shoot of pakchoi. The results showed that compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root. By contrast, GSH application declined the concentration of Cd in the xylem sap. However, these results were not caused by xylem loading process because the expression of BcHMA2 and BcHMA4 had not significant difference between sole Cd treatment and Cd + GSH treatment. In addition, exogenous GSH significantly enhanced the expression of BcPCS1 and promoted the synthesis of PC2, PC3 and PC4 under Cd stress. At the same time, exogenous GSH also significantly improved the expression of BcABCC1 and BcABCC2 in the roots of seedling under Cd stress, suggesting that more PCs-Cd complexes may be sequestrated into vacuoles by ABCC1 and ABCC2 transporters. The results showed that exogenous GSH could up-regulate the expression of BcIRT1/2 to increase the Cd accumulation in root, and the improvement of PCs contents and the expression of BcABCC1/2 enhanced the compartmentalization of Cd in root vacuole of pakchoi under Cd stress. To sum up, exogenous GSH reduce the concentration of free Cd2+ in the cytoplast of root cells and then dropped the loading of Cd into the xylem, which eventually given rise to the reduction of Cd accumulation in edible portion of pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Derui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tsering YangJin
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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He M, Tian Z, Liu Q, Guo Y. Trichoderma asperellum promotes cadmium accumulation within maize seedlings. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1997155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting He
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zengyuan Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Gutsch A, Hendrix S, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Lutts S, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Hausman JF, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. Long-Term Cd Exposure Alters the Metabolite Profile in Stem Tissue of Medicago sativa. Cells 2020; 9:E2707. [PMID: 33348837 PMCID: PMC7765984 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common pollutant, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals accumulating in agricultural soils through anthropogenic activities. The uptake of Cd by plants is the main entry route into the human food chain, whilst in plants it elicits oxidative stress by unbalancing the cellular redox status. Medicago sativa was subjected to chronic Cd stress for five months. Targeted and untargeted metabolic analyses were performed. Long-term Cd exposure altered the amino acid composition with levels of asparagine, histidine and proline decreasing in stems but increasing in leaves. This suggests tissue-specific metabolic stress responses, which are often not considered in environmental studies focused on leaves. In stem tissue, profiles of secondary metabolites were clearly separated between control and Cd-exposed plants. Fifty-one secondary metabolites were identified that changed significantly upon Cd exposure, of which the majority are (iso)flavonoid conjugates. Cadmium exposure stimulated the phenylpropanoid pathway that led to the accumulation of secondary metabolites in stems rather than cell wall lignification. Those metabolites are antioxidants mitigating oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage. By an adequate adjustment of its metabolic composition, M. sativa reaches a new steady state, which enables the plant to acclimate under chronic Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Gutsch
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gea Guerriero
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jenny Renaut
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute—Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5, Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (S.A.); (A.R.F.)
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (S.A.); (A.R.F.)
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
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Peralta JM, Travaglia CN, Romero-Puertas MC, Furlan A, Castro S, Bianucci E. Unraveling the impact of arsenic on the redox response of peanut plants inoculated with two different Bradyrhizobium sp. strains. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127410. [PMID: 32615455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) can be present naturally in groundwater from peanut fields, constituting a serious problem, as roots can accumulate and mobilize the metalloid to their edible parts. Understanding the redox changes in the legume exposed to As may help to detect potential risks to human health and recognize tolerance mechanisms. Thirty-days old peanut plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. strains (SEMIA6144 or C-145) were exposed to a realistic arsenate concentration, in order to unravel the redox response and characterize the oxidative stress indexes. Thus, root anatomy, reactive oxygen species detection by fluorescence microscopy and, ROS histochemical staining along with the NADPH oxidase activity were analyzed. Besides, photosynthetic pigments and damage to lipids and proteins were determined as oxidative stress indicators. Results showed that at 3 μM AsV, the cross-section areas of peanut roots were augmented; NADPH oxidase activity was significantly increased and O2˙¯and H2O2 accumulated in leaves and roots. Likewise, an increase in the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls was also observed throughout the plant regardless the inoculated strain, while chlorophylls and carotenes were increased only in those inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. C-145. Interestingly, the oxidative burst, mainly induced by the NADPH oxidase activity, and the consequent oxidative stress was strain-dependent and organ-differential. Additionally, As modifies the root anatomy, acting as a possibly first defense mechanism against the metalloid entry. All these findings allowed us to conclude that the redox response of peanut is conditioned by the rhizobial strain, which contributes to the importance of effectively formulating bioinoculants for this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Peralta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia N Travaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIAB-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, X5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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50
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Kowalik P, Lipa T, Michałojć Z, Chwil M. Ultrastructure of Cells and Microanalysis in Malus domestica Borkh. 'Szampion' Fruit in Relation to Varied Calcium Foliar Feeding. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204622. [PMID: 33050647 PMCID: PMC7587194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most poorly reutilized nutrients. Its deficiencies cause various physiological disturbances and, consequently, reduce the quantity and quality of yields. Reduced content of Ca2+ ions in cells leads to development of, e.g., bitter pit in apples. Efficient and instantaneous mitigation of Ca2+ deficiencies is provided by foliar feeding. There are no detailed data on the effect of foliar feeding with various calcium forms on the cell structure or on the microanalysis and mapping of this element in apple fruit cells. Therefore, we carried out comparative studies of the ultrastructure of epidermis and hypodermis cells, to assess the content and distribution of calcium in the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and precipitates of Malus domestica Borkh. 'Szampion' fruit exposed to four Ca treatments, including the control with no additional Ca supplementation (I) and foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2 (II), CaCl2 (III), and Ca chelated with EDTA (IV). Light and transmission electron microscopy and an X-ray microanalyzer were used and showed a beneficial effect of calcium preparations on the ultrastructure of fruit epidermis and hypodermis cells, manifested in the presence of a normally developed cell wall with a regular middle lamella, preserved continuity of cytoplasmic membranes, and stabilized cell structure. In the selected elements of apical epidermis cells, the highest level of Ca2+ ions was detected in the middle lamella, cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm. The highest increase in the Ca2+ content in these cell constituents was recorded in treatment IV, whereas the lowest value of the parameters was noted in variant III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kowalik
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (T.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Tomasz Lipa
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (T.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zenia Michałojć
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (T.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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