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Fang C, Jiang N, Teresi SJ, Platts AE, Agarwal G, Niederhuth C, Edger PP, Jiang J. Dynamics of accessible chromatin regions and subgenome dominance in octoploid strawberry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2491. [PMID: 38509076 PMCID: PMC10954716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Subgenome dominance has been reported in diverse allopolyploid species, where genes from one subgenome are preferentially retained and are more highly expressed than those from other subgenome(s). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for subgenome dominance remain poorly understood. Here, we develop genome-wide map of accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) in cultivated strawberry (2n = 8x = 56, with A, B, C, D subgenomes). Each ACR is identified as an MNase hypersensitive site (MHS). We discover that the dominant subgenome A contains a greater number of total MHSs and MHS per gene than the submissive B/C/D subgenomes. Subgenome A suffers fewer losses of MHS-related DNA sequences and fewer MHS fragmentations caused by insertions of transposable elements. We also discover that genes and MHSs related to stress response have been preferentially retained in subgenome A. We conclude that preservation of genes and their cognate ACRs, especially those related to stress responses, play a major role in the establishment of subgenome dominance in octoploid strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Scott J Teresi
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Adrian E Platts
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chad Niederhuth
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Tejada-Jimenez M, Leon-Miranda E, Llamas A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-A Reference Microorganism for Eukaryotic Molybdenum Metabolism. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1671. [PMID: 37512844 PMCID: PMC10385300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is vital for the activity of a small but essential group of enzymes called molybdoenzymes. So far, specifically five molybdoenzymes have been discovered in eukaryotes: nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and mARC. In order to become biologically active, Mo must be chelated to a pterin, forming the so-called Mo cofactor (Moco). Deficiency or mutation in any of the genes involved in Moco biosynthesis results in the simultaneous loss of activity of all molybdoenzymes, fully or partially preventing the normal development of the affected organism. To prevent this, the different mechanisms involved in Mo homeostasis must be finely regulated. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic microalga that has produced fundamental advances in key steps of Mo homeostasis over the last 30 years, which have been extrapolated to higher organisms, both plants and animals. These advances include the identification of the first two molybdate transporters in eukaryotes (MOT1 and MOT2), the characterization of key genes in Moco biosynthesis, the identification of the first enzyme that protects and transfers Moco (MCP1), the first characterization of mARC in plants, and the discovery of the crucial role of the nitrate reductase-mARC complex in plant nitric oxide production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved in using C. reinhardtii as a model organism in Mo homeostasis and to propose how this microalga can continue improving with the advancements in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esperanza Leon-Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Li Z, Huang J, Wang L, Li D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Xiao H, Luo Z. Novel insight into the role of sulfur dioxide in fruits and vegetables: Chemical interactions, biological activity, metabolism, applications, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37128783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) are a category of chemical compounds widely used as additives in food industry. So far, the use of SO2 in fruit and vegetable industry has been indispensable although its safety concerns have been controversial. This article comprehensively reviews the chemical interactions of SO2 with the components of fruit and vegetable products, elaborates its mechanism of antimicrobial, anti-browning, and antioxidation, discusses its roles in regulation of sulfur metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/redox, resistance induction, and quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, summarizes the application technology of SO2 and its safety in human (absorption, metabolism, toxicity, regulation), and emphasizes the intrinsic metabolism of SO2 and its consequences for the postharvest physiology and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In order to fully understand the benefits and risks of SO2, more research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of SO2 metabolism in the cells and tissues of fruits and vegetables, and to uncover the interaction mechanisms between SO2 and the components of fruits and vegetables as well as the efficacy and safety of bound SO2. This review has important guiding significance for adjusting an applicable definition of maximum residue limit of SO2 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Li Z, Ettoumi FE, Li D, Wang L, Zhang X, Ma Q, Xu Y, Li L, Wu B, Luo Z. The detoxification of cellular sulfite in table grape under SO 2 exposure: Quantitative evidence of sulfur absorption and assimilation patterns. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129685. [PMID: 36104911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its derivatives are known to be hazardous but their common application in food, especially the grape industry, is conditionally allowed. Potential hazards to consumers and the environment could occur upon the control-lost SO2 during grape logistics and storage. Researchers have usually focused on the anti-pathogen role of SO2 whereas limited efforts were conducted on the sulfur (S) absorption, assimilation patterns, and sulfite detoxification. In this study, short-term, room-temperature, and SO2-stored grapes were investigated, whose S flux of various forms was quantified through an estimation model. Accordingly, the additional accumulated S (0.50-0.86%) in pulps from atmospheric SO2 was considered mainly through rachis transport compared to across skin surfaces and the usage arrangement of the absorbed S was included. The first quantitative evidence of induced S assimilation under SO2 was also provided, which challenged the previous knowledge. In addition, sulfite oxidase and reductase (SiO and SiR) played major roles in sulfite detoxification, being effectively stimulated at multiple levels. The induced S metabolism associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity and alleviated senescence contributed to quality maintenance. Overall, these findings provide novel insights and are valuable supports for developing SO2-controlling strategies to avoid potential hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbiao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fatima-Ezzahra Ettoumi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing & Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Processing and Preservation of Agricultural Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Tseng YH, Bartram S, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Meents AK, Ludwig A, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Tris(methylthio)methane produced by Mortierella hyalina affects sulfur homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14202. [PMID: 35987806 PMCID: PMC9392766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles are important factors in symbiotic interactions with plants. Mortierella hyalina is a beneficial root-colonizing fungus with a garlic-like smell, and promotes growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. GC–MS analysis of the M. hyalina headspace and NMR analysis of the extracted essential oil identified the sulfur-containing volatile tris(methylthio)methane (TMTM) as the major compound. Incorporation of the sulfur from the fungal volatile into plant metabolism was shown by 34S labeling experiments. Under sulfur deficiency, TMTM down-regulated sulfur deficiency-responsive genes, prevented glucosinolate (GSL) and glutathione (GSH) diminishment, and sustained plant growth. However, excess TMTM led to accumulation of GSH and GSL and reduced plant growth. Since TMTM is not directly incorporated into cysteine, we propose that the volatile from M. hyalina influences the plant sulfur metabolism by interfering with the GSH metabolism, and alleviates sulfur imbalances under sulfur stress.
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Li P, Feng B, Yao Z, Wei B, Zhao Y, Shi S. Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Bacillus K1 Against Botrytis cinerea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935675. [PMID: 35935203 PMCID: PMC9355035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is detrimental to plants and fruits. Endophytes have been shown to modify plant disease severity in functional assays. We conducted this study to investigate the endophytic strain Bacillus K1 with excellently antagonistic B. cinerea from the wild grape endosphere. We identified a wild grape endophytic strain K1 with high antifungal activity against B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. Combining the phylogenetic results based on 16S rDNA and genome sequencing, K1 was assigned as Bacillus subtilis. The in vitro results displayed that K1 and its volatile substances could significantly inhibit the mycelia growth of B. cinerea. Grape fruit inoculated with Bacillus K1 showed lower gray mold during treatment. The higher levels of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, were induced in grapes after inoculation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that K1 inhibited mycelial growth via bacterial colonization and antibiosis in grapes. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified 33 volatiles in which dibutyl phthalate was the major compound accounting for 74.28%. Dibutyl phthalate demonstrated strong activity in suppressing the mycelia growth of B. cinerea. Genome bioinformatics analysis revealed that the K1 chromosome harbored many known biosynthesis gene clusters encoding subtilosin, bacillaene, bacillibactin, bacilysin, and fengycin. This study provides a potential biological agent to control diseases of post-harvest grape fruit and improves our understanding of the possible biocontrol mechanisms of the Bacillus strain.
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Zhang Z, Wei J, Wang M, Zhang J, Wu B. Induced sulfur metabolism by sulfur dioxide maintains postharvest quality of 'Thompson Seedless' grape through increasing sulfite content. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1174-1184. [PMID: 34338316 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The commercial preservation of table grapes largely depends on the application of sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). However, little is known about whether SO2 participates in sulfur metabolism to improve the postharvest quality of table grapes. In this study, the contents of sulfur-containing compounds, activities of enzymes, and expression of genes involved in sulfur metabolism in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless) were evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated that SO2 treatment maintained the postharvest quality of table grapes. The sulfite content in rachises and berries, but not the sulfate content, increased in response to SO2 treatment. SO2 caused high activities of sulfite reductase, O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thereby increasing the contents of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide, and glutathione in the rachises and berries. The expression of VvSURTL, VvATPS1, VvATPS2, and VvAPR3 decreased in response to SO2 treatment; however, the transcript levels of VvSiR1 and VvOASTL exhibited the opposite tendency. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the sulfite converted from SO2 participated in sulfur metabolism and maintained the postharvest quality of table grapes by modulating the contents of metabolites, activities of enzymes, and expression of genes related to sulfur metabolism. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiaeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinejiang, People's Republic of China
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González-Gordo S, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Peroxisomal Proteome Mining of Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Ripening Through Whole Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:893376. [PMID: 35615143 PMCID: PMC9125320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.893376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles from eukaryotic cells characterized by an active nitro-oxidative metabolism. They have a relevant metabolic plasticity depending on the organism, tissue, developmental stage, or physiological/stress/environmental conditions. Our knowledge of peroxisomal metabolism from fruits is very limited but its proteome is even less known. Using sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits at two ripening stages (immature green and ripe red), it was analyzed the proteomic peroxisomal composition by quantitative isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein profiling. For this aim, it was accomplished a comparative analysis of the pepper fruit whole proteome obtained by iTRAQ versus the identified peroxisomal protein profile from Arabidopsis thaliana. This allowed identifying 57 peroxisomal proteins. Among these proteins, 49 were located in the peroxisomal matrix, 36 proteins had a peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1), 8 had a PTS type 2, 5 lacked this type of peptide signal, and 8 proteins were associated with the membrane of this organelle. Furthermore, 34 proteins showed significant differences during the ripening of the fruits, 19 being overexpressed and 15 repressed. Based on previous biochemical studies using purified peroxisomes from pepper fruits, it could be said that some of the identified peroxisomal proteins were corroborated as part of the pepper fruit antioxidant metabolism (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductaseglutathione reductase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase), the β-oxidation pathway (acyl-coenzyme A oxidase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase), while other identified proteins could be considered "new" or "unexpected" in fruit peroxisomes like urate oxidase (UO), sulfite oxidase (SO), 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase (METE1), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3) or 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), which participate in different metabolic pathways such as purine, sulfur, L-methionine, jasmonic acid (JA) or phenylpropanoid metabolisms. In summary, the present data provide new insights into the complex metabolic machinery of peroxisomes in fruit and open new windows of research into the peroxisomal functions during fruit ripening.
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Bekturova A, Oshanova D, Tiwari P, Nurbekova Z, Kurmanbayeva A, Soltabayeva A, Yarmolinsky D, Srivastava S, Turecková V, Strnad M, Sagi M. Adenosine 5' phosphosulfate reductase and sulfite oxidase regulate sulfite-induced water loss in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6447-6466. [PMID: 34107028 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-localized adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate reductase (APR) generates sulfite and plays a pivotal role in reduction of sulfate to cysteine. The peroxisome-localized sulfite oxidase (SO) oxidizes excess sulfite to sulfate. Arabidopsis wild type, SO RNA-interference (SO Ri) and SO overexpression (SO OE) transgenic lines infiltrated with sulfite showed increased water loss in SO Ri plants, and smaller stomatal apertures in SO OE plants compared with wild-type plants. Sulfite application also limited sulfate and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in wild type and SO Ri. The increases in APR activity in response to sulfite infiltration into wild type and SO Ri leaves resulted in an increase in endogenous sulfite, indicating that APR has an important role in sulfite-induced increases in stomatal aperture. Sulfite-induced H2O2 generation by NADPH oxidase led to enhanced APR expression and sulfite production. Suppression of APR by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and glutathione reductase2 (GR2), or mutation in APR2 or GR2, resulted in a decrease in sulfite production and stomatal apertures. The importance of APR and SO and the significance of sulfite concentrations in water loss were further demonstrated during rapid, harsh drought stress in root-detached wild-type, gr2 and SO transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate the role of SO in sulfite homeostasis in relation to water consumption in well-watered plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Poonam Tiwari
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Veronika Turecková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker Campus, Israel
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Weber JN, Kaufholdt D, Minner-Meinen R, Bloem E, Shahid A, Rennenberg H, Hänsch R. Impact of wildfires on SO 2 detoxification mechanisms in leaves of oak and beech trees. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116389. [PMID: 33433339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Frequency and intensity of wildfire occurrences are dramatically increasing worldwide due to global climate change, having a devastating effect on the entire ecosystem including plants. Moreover, distribution of fire-smoke can influence the natural environment over very long distances, i.e. hundreds of kilometres. Dry plant matter contains 0.1-0.9% (w/w) sulphur, which is mainly released during combustion into the atmosphere as sulphur dioxide (SO2) resulting in local concentrations of up to 3000 nL L-1. SO2 is a highly hazardous gas, which enters plants mostly via the stomata. Toxic sulphite is formed inside the leaves due to conversion of SO2. Plants as sessile organisms cannot escape from threats, why they evolved an impressive diversity of molecular defence mechanisms. In the present study, two recent wildfires in Germany were evaluated to analyse the effect of SO2 released into the atmosphere on deciduous trees: the Meppen peat fire in 2018 and the forest fire close to Luebtheen in 2019. Collected leaf material from beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus robur) was examined with respect to detoxification of sulphur surplus due to the exposure to elevated SO2. An induced stress reaction in both species was indicated by a 1.5-fold increase in oxidized glutathione. In beech leaves, the enzymatic activities of the sulphite detoxification enzymes sulphite oxidase and apoplastic peroxidases were increased 5-fold and a trend of sulphate accumulation was observed. In contrast, oaks did not regulate these enzymes during smoke exposure, however, the constitutive activity is 10-fold and 3-fold higher than in beech. These results show for the first time sulphite detoxification strategies of trees in situ after natural smoke exposure. Beech and oak trees survived short-term SO2 fumigation due to exclusion of toxic gases and different oxidative detoxification strategies. Beeches use efficient upregulation of oxidative sulphite detoxification enzymes, while oaks hold a constitutively high enzyme-pool available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Weber
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rieke Minner-Meinen
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Elke Bloem
- Institute for Crop and Soil Science Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Bundesallee 69, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Afsheen Shahid
- Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei District, PR China.
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei District, PR China.
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Oshanova D, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Soltabayeva A, Nurbekova Z, Standing D, Dubey AK, Sagi M. Level of Sulfite Oxidase Activity Affects Sulfur and Carbon Metabolism in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690830. [PMID: 34249061 PMCID: PMC8264797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor containing sulfite oxidase (SO) enzyme is an important player in protecting plants against exogenous toxic sulfite. It was also demonstrated that SO activity is essential to cope with rising dark-induced endogenous sulfite levels and maintain optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in tomato plants exposed to extended dark stress. The response of SO and sulfite reductase to direct exposure of low and high levels of sulfate and carbon was rarely shown. By employing Arabidopsis wild-type, sulfite reductase, and SO-modulated plants supplied with excess or limited carbon or sulfur supply, the current study demonstrates the important role of SO in carbon and sulfur metabolism. Application of low and excess sucrose, or sulfate levels, led to lower biomass accumulation rates, followed by enhanced sulfite accumulation in SO impaired mutant compared with wild-type. SO-impairment resulted in the channeling of sulfite to the sulfate reduction pathway, resulting in an overflow of organic S accumulation. In addition, sulfite enhancement was followed by oxidative stress contributing as well to the lower biomass accumulation in SO-modulated plants. These results indicate that the role of SO is not limited to protection against elevated sulfite toxicity but to maintaining optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- *Correspondence: Moshe Sagi
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12
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Sun N, Song T, Ma Z, Dong L, Zhan L, Xing Y, Liu J, Song J, Wang S, Cai H. Overexpression of MsSiR enhances alkali tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by increasing the glutathione content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:538-546. [PMID: 32912487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sulfite reductase gene in Medicago sativa L. (MsSiR) encodes sulfite reductase (SiR) and catalyses the conversion of sulfite to sulfate in the sulfite assimilation pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of MsSiR in alfalfa by generating transgenic alfalfa that ectopically expressed MsSiR under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The differences in alkali tolerance between the MsSiR-overexpressing and wild-type (WT) plants were analyzed, and the MsSiR-overexpressing plants exhibited an improved phenotype under alkali stress. Compared to WT plants, these plants demonstrated improved antioxidant activity as well as decreased H2O2 and O2- contents and increased glutathione reduced (GSH), Cysteine (Cys) and glutathione oxidized (GSSG) contents. MsSiR-overexpressing plants also exhibited high levels of adenosyl phosphosulfate reductases (APR), sulfite oxidase (SO) and MsSiR expression under alkali stress. It was speculated that MsSiR is involved in sulfur metabolism pathways, including the stabilization of sulfate and sulfite levels and the synthesis of GSH. These two processes achieve alkali tolerance by positively regulating the detoxification and antioxidant activities of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tingting Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhiyun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lifeng Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yimei Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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13
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Chen FF, Chien CY, Cho CC, Chang YY, Hsu CH. C-terminal Redox Domain of Arabidopsis APR1 is a Non-Canonical Thioredoxin Domain with Glutaredoxin Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100461. [PMID: 31597378 PMCID: PMC6827007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient that can be converted into utilizable metabolic forms to produce sulfur-containing metabolites in plant. Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (APR) plays a vital role in catalyzing the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite, which requires glutathione. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal domain of APR acts as a glutathione-dependent reductase. The crystal structure of the C-terminal redox domain of Arabidopsis APR1 (AtAPR1) shows a conserved α/β thioredoxin fold, but not a glutaredoxin fold. Further biochemical studies of the redox domain from AtAPR1 provided evidence to support the structural observation. Collectively, our results provide structural and biochemical information to explain how the thioredoxin fold exerts the glutaredoxin function in APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chao-Cheng Cho
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Yung Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33664468
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14
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Han Y, Yang H, Wu M, Yi H. Enhanced drought tolerance of foxtail millet seedlings by sulfur dioxide fumigation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:9-16. [PMID: 30980964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been considered to be a beneficial bio-regulator in animals. However, the positive roles of SO2 in plant adaptation to drought stress are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the physiological and molecular changes that are induced by SO2 fumigation to improve the drought tolerance of foxtail millet seedlings. The relative water content in the leaves of drought-stressed seedlings was significantly improved by pre-exposure to 30 mg/m3 SO2. These responses might be related to decreased stomatal apertures and a reduced leaf transpiration rate, which were induced by SO2 under drought conditions. In addition, the SO2 pretreatment markedly enhanced proline accumulation in the leaves of drought-stressed seedlings, which was supported by increased Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) activity, decreased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity, and the corresponding transcripts. Moreover, the SO2 application upregulated the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves of drought-stressed plants, as well as their transcripts, which contributed to the scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and alleviated drought-induced oxidative damage, as indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in SO2-pretreated plants. Together, these results indicate that the application of SO2 might enhance drought tolerance by reducing stomatal apertures, increasing proline accumulation, and promoting antioxidant defence in foxtail millet seedlings. This study presents new insight into the beneficial roles of SO2 in plant responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansha Han
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mengyang Wu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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15
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Telman W, Dietz KJ. Thiol redox-regulation for efficient adjustment of sulfur metabolism in acclimation to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4223-4236. [PMID: 30868161 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur assimilation and sulfur metabolism are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels in order to meet the demand for reduced sulfur in growth and metabolism. These regulatory mechanisms coordinate the cellular sulfhydryl supply with carbon and nitrogen assimilation in particular. Redox homeostasis is an important cellular parameter intimately connected to sulfur by means of multiple thiol modifications. Post-translational thiol modifications such as disulfide formation, sulfenylation, S-nitrosylation, persulfidation, and S-glutathionylation allow for versatile switching and adjustment of protein functions. This review focuses on redox-regulation of enzymes involved in the sulfur assimilation pathway, namely adenosine 5´-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), adenosine 5´-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL). The activity of these enzymes is adjusted at the transcriptional and post-translational level depending on physiological requirements and the state of the redox and reactive oxygen species network, which are tightly linked to abiotic stress conditions. Hormone-dependent fine-tuning contributes to regulation of sulfur assimilation. Thus, the link between oxylipin signalling and sulfur assimilation has been substantiated by identification of the so-called COPS module in the chloroplast with its components cyclophilin 20-3, O-acetylserine thiol lyase, 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin, and serine acetyl transferase. We now have a detailed understanding of how regulation enables the fine-tuning of sulfur assimilation under both normal and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilena Telman
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, Bielefeld, Germany
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16
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Ooi L, Matsuura T, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Katsuhara M, Hirayama T, Mori IC. The mechanism of SO 2 -induced stomatal closure differs from O 3 and CO 2 responses and is mediated by nonapoptotic cell death in guard cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:437-447. [PMID: 30014483 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants closing stomata in the presence of harmful gases is believed to be a stress avoidance mechanism. SO2 , one of the major airborne pollutants, has long been reported to induce stomatal closure, yet the mechanism remains unknown. Little is known about the stomatal response to airborne pollutants besides O3 . SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) were identified as genes mediating O3 -induced closure. SLAC1 and OST1 are also known to mediate stomatal closure in response to CO2 , together with RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs (RBOHs). The overlaying roles of these genes in response to O3 and CO2 suggested that plants share their molecular regulators for airborne stimuli. Here, we investigated and compared stomatal closure event induced by a wide concentration range of SO2 in Arabidopsis through molecular genetic approaches. O3 - and CO2 -insensitive stomata mutants did not show significant differences from the wild type in stomatal sensitivity, guard cell viability, and chlorophyll content revealing that SO2 -induced closure is not regulated by the same molecular mechanisms as for O3 and CO2 . Nonapoptotic cell death is shown as the reason for SO2 -induced closure, which proposed the closure as a physicochemical process resulted from SO2 distress, instead of a biological protection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ooi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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17
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From the Eukaryotic Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis to the Moonlighting Enzyme mARC. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123287. [PMID: 30545001 PMCID: PMC6321594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic molybdenum (Mo) enzymes contain in their active site a Mo Cofactor (Moco), which is formed by a tricyclic pyranopterin with a dithiolene chelating the Mo atom. Here, the eukaryotic Moco biosynthetic pathway and the eukaryotic Moco enzymes are overviewed, including nitrate reductase (NR), sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase, and the last one discovered, the moonlighting enzyme mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component (mARC). The mARC enzymes catalyze the reduction of hydroxylated compounds, mostly N-hydroxylated (NHC), but as well of nitrite to nitric oxide, a second messenger. mARC shows a broad spectrum of NHC as substrates, some are prodrugs containing an amidoxime structure, some are mutagens, such as 6-hydroxylaminepurine and some others, which most probably will be discovered soon. Interestingly, all known mARC need the reducing power supplied by different partners. For the NHC reduction, mARC uses cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase, however for the nitrite reduction, plant mARC uses NR. Despite the functional importance of mARC enzymatic reactions, the structural mechanism of its Moco-mediated catalysis is starting to be revealed. We propose and compare the mARC catalytic mechanism of nitrite versus NHC reduction. By using the recently resolved structure of a prokaryotic MOSC enzyme, from the mARC protein family, we have modeled an in silico three-dimensional structure of a eukaryotic homologue.
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18
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Naumann M, Hubberten HM, Watanabe M, Hänsch R, Schöttler MA, Hoefgen R. Sulfite Reductase Co-suppression in Tobacco Reveals Detoxification Mechanisms and Downstream Responses Comparable to Sulfate Starvation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1423. [PMID: 30374361 PMCID: PMC6196246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite reductase (SIR) is a key enzyme in higher plants in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. SIR, being exclusively localized in plastids, catalyzes the reduction of sulfite (SO3 2-) to sulfide (S2-) and is essential for plant life. We characterized transgenic plants leading to co-suppression of the SIR gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN). Co-suppression resulted in reduced but not completely extinguished expression of SIR and in a reduction of SIR activity to about 20-50% of the activity in control plants. The reduction of SIR activity caused chlorotic and necrotic phenotypes in tobacco leaves, but with varying phenotype strength even among clones and increasing from young to old leaves. In transgenic plants compared to control plants, metabolite levels upstream of SIR accumulated, such as sulfite, sulfate and thiosulfate. The levels of downstream metabolites were reduced, such as cysteine, glutathione (GSH) and methionine. This metabolic signature resembles a sulfate deprivation phenotype as corroborated by the fact that O-acetylserine (OAS) accumulated. Further, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic electron transport, and the contents of carbohydrates such as starch, sucrose, fructose, and glucose were reduced. Amino acid compositions were altered in a complex manner due to the reduction of contents of cysteine, and to some extent methionine. Interestingly, sulfide levels remained constant indicating that sulfide homeostasis is crucial for plant performance and survival. Additionally, this allows concluding that sulfide does not act as a signal in this context to control sulfate uptake and assimilation. The accumulation of upstream compounds hints at detoxification mechanisms and, additionally, a control exerted by the downstream metabolites on the sulfate uptake and assimilation system. Co-suppression lines showed increased sensitivity to additionally imposed stresses probably due to the accumulation of reactive compounds because of insufficient detoxification in combination with reduced GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Naumann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Division of Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Department of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Xia Z, Xu Z, Wei Y, Wang M. Overexpression of the Maize Sulfite Oxidase Increases Sulfate and GSH Levels and Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:298. [PMID: 29593762 PMCID: PMC5857591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite oxidase (SO) plays a pivotal role in sulfite metabolism. In our previous study, sulfite-oxidizing function of the SO from Zea mays (ZmSO) was characterized. To date, the knowledge of ZmSO's involvement in abiotic stress response is scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ZmSO in drought stress. The transcript levels of ZmSO were relatively high in leaves and immature embryos of maize plants, and were up-regulated markedly by PEG-induced water stress. Overexpression of ZmSO improved drought tolerance in tobacco. ZmSO-overexpressing transgenic plants showed higher sulfate and glutathione (GSH) levels but lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under drought stress, indicating that ZmSO confers drought tolerance by enhancing GSH-dependent antioxidant system that scavenged ROS and reduced membrane injury. In addition, the transgenic plants exhibited more increased stomatal response than the wild-type (WT) to water deficit. Interestingly, application of exogenous GSH effectively alleviated growth inhibition in both WT and transgenic plants under drought conditions. qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of several sulfur metabolism-related genes was significantly elevated in the ZmSO-overexpressing lines. Taken together, these results imply that ZmSO confers enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants possibly through affecting stomatal regulation, GSH-dependent antioxidant system, and sulfur metabolism-related gene expression. ZmSO could be exploited for developing drought-tolerant maize varieties in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongliang Xia,
| | - Ziwei Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Wei
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Liu N, Cao C, Sun Z, Lin Z, Deng R. Pollutant-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species accumulation in the aerial roots of Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36276. [PMID: 27805029 PMCID: PMC5090249 DOI: 10.1038/srep36276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial pollutants induce the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2.-, H2O2, and ·OH in plants, but they have not been well quantified or localized in tissues and cells. This study evaluated the pollutant- (HSO3-, NH4NO3, Al3+, Zn2+, and Fe2+) induced toxic effects of ROS on the aerial roots of Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa). Root cell viability was greatly reduced by treatment with 20 mM NaHSO3, 20 mM NH4NO3, 0.2 mM AlCl3, 0.2 mM ZnSO4, or 0.2 mM FeSO4. Biochemical assay and histochemical localization showed that O2.- accumulated in roots in response to pollutants, except that the staining of O2.- under NaHSO3 treatment was not detective. Cytochemical localization further indicated that the generated O2.- was present mainly in the root cortex, and pith cells, especially in NH4NO3- and FeSO4-treated roots. The pollutants also caused greatly accumulated H2O2 and ·OH in aerial roots, which finally resulted in lipid peroxidation as indicated by increased malondialdehyde contents. We conclude that the F. microcarpa aerial roots are sensitive to pollutant-induced ROS and that the histochemical localization of O2.- via nitrotetrazolium blue chloride staining is not effective for detecting the effects of HSO3- treatment because of the treatment's bleaching effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Ce Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhongyu Sun
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou, 510070 China
| | - Zhifang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Rufang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
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21
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Brychkova G, Yarmolinsky D, Batushansky A, Grishkevich V, Khozin-Goldberg I, Fait A, Amir R, Fluhr R, Sagi M. Sulfite Oxidase Activity Is Essential for Normal Sulfur, Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Tomato Leaves. PLANTS 2015; 4:573-605. [PMID: 27135342 PMCID: PMC4844397 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant sulfite oxidase [SO; E.C.1.8.3.1] has been shown to be a key player in protecting plants against exogenous toxic sulfite. Recently we showed that SO activity is essential to cope with rising dark-induced endogenous sulfite levels in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum/Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Rheinlands Ruhm). Here we uncover the ramifications of SO impairment on carbon, nitrogen and sulfur (S) metabolites. Current analysis of the wild-type and SO-impaired plants revealed that under controlled conditions, the imbalanced sulfite level resulting from SO impairment conferred a metabolic shift towards elevated reduced S-compounds, namely sulfide, S-amino acids (S-AA), Co-A and acetyl-CoA, followed by non-S-AA, nitrogen and carbon metabolite enhancement, including polar lipids. Exposing plants to dark-induced carbon starvation resulted in a higher degradation of S-compounds, total AA, carbohydrates, polar lipids and total RNA in the mutant plants. Significantly, a failure to balance the carbon backbones was evident in the mutants, indicated by an increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle intermediates, whereas a decrease was shown in stressed wild-type plants. These results indicate that the role of SO is not limited to a rescue reaction under elevated sulfite, but SO is a key player in maintaining optimal carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Brychkova
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Albert Batushansky
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Vladislav Grishkevich
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
| | - Rachel Amir
- Migal-Galilee Technology Center, Southern Industrial Zone, POB831 Kiryat-Shmona 11016, Israel.
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O.B. 26 Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Moshe Sagi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Metabolic responses to sulfur dioxide in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): photosynthetic tissues and berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:60. [PMID: 25750643 PMCID: PMC4335272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research on sulfur metabolism in plants has historically been undertaken within the context of industrial pollution. Resolution of the problem of sulfur pollution has led to sulfur deficiency in many soils. Key questions remain concerning how different plant organs deal with reactive and potentially toxic sulfur metabolites. In this review, we discuss sulfur dioxide/sulfite assimilation in grape berries in relation to gene expression and quality traits, features that remain significant to the food industry. We consider the intrinsic metabolism of sulfite and its consequences for fruit biology and postharvest physiology, comparing the different responses in fruit and leaves. We also highlight inconsistencies in what is considered the "ambient" environmental or industrial exposures to SO2. We discuss these findings in relation to the persistent threat to the table grape industry that intergovernmental agencies will revoke the industry's exemption to the worldwide ban on the use of SO2 for preservation of fresh foods. Transcriptome profiling studies on fruit suggest that added value may accrue from effects of SO2 fumigation on the expression of genes encoding components involved in processes that underpin traits related to customer satisfaction, particularly in table grapes, where SO2 fumigation may extend for several months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Considine
- School of Plant Biology, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK
- Irrigated Agriculture and Diversification, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Plant Biology, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK
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Rennenberg H, Herschbach C. A detailed view on sulphur metabolism at the cellular and whole-plant level illustrates challenges in metabolite flux analyses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5711-24. [PMID: 25124317 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of physiological process in the systems biology era requires approaches at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. In this context, metabolite flux experiments have been used in mapping metabolite pathways and analysing metabolic control. In the present review, sulphur metabolism was taken to illustrate current challenges of metabolic flux analyses. At the cellular level, restrictions in metabolite flux analyses originate from incomplete knowledge of the compartmentation network of metabolic pathways. Transport of metabolites through membranes is usually not considered in flux experiments but may be involved in controlling the whole pathway. Hence, steady-state and snapshot readings need to be expanded to time-course studies in combination with compartment-specific metabolite analyses. Because of species-specific differences, differences between tissues, and stress-related responses, the quantitative significance of different sulphur sinks has to be elucidated; this requires the development of methods for whole-sulphur metabolome approaches. Different cell types can contribute to metabolite fluxes to different extents at the tissue and organ level. Cell type-specific analyses are needed to characterize these contributions. Based on such approaches, metabolite flux analyses can be expanded to the whole-plant level by considering long-distance transport and, thus, the interaction of roots and the shoot in metabolite fluxes. However, whole-plant studies need detailed empirical and mathematical modelling that have to be validated by experimental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biosystems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Yarmolinsky D, Brychkova G, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Ventura Y, Khozin-Goldberg I, Eppel A, Fluhr R, Sagi M. Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1505-1520. [PMID: 24987017 PMCID: PMC4119034 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Galina Brychkova
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Yvonne Ventura
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Amir Eppel
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Robert Fluhr
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
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Tejada-Jiménez M, Schwarz G. Molybdenum and Tungsten. BINDING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739979-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for the majority of organisms ranging from bacteria to animals. To fulfil its biological role, it is incorporated into a pterin-based Mo-cofactor (Moco) and can be found in the active centre of more than 50 enzymes that are involved in key reactions of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Five of the Mo-enzymes are present in eukaryotes: nitrate reductase (NR), sulfite oxidase (SO), aldehyde oxidase (AO), xanthine oxidase (XO) and the amidoxime-reducing component (mARC). Cells acquire Mo in form of the oxyanion molybdate using specific molybdate transporters. In bacteria, molybdate transport is an extensively studied process and is mediated mainly by the ATP-binding cassette system ModABC. In contrast, in eukaryotes, molybdate transport is poorly understood since specific molybdate transporters remained unknown until recently. Two rather distantly related families of proteins, MOT1 and MOT2, are involved in eukaryotic molybdate transport. They each feature high-affinity molybdate transporters that regulate the intracellular concentration of Mo and thus control activity of Mo-enzymes. The present chapter presents an overview of the biological functions of Mo with special focus on recent data related to its uptake, binding and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tejada-Jiménez
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Zuelpicher Str. 47 Cologne 50674 Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Zuelpicher Str. 47 Cologne 50674 Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne Robert-Koch Str. 21 Cologne 50931 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Ageing Research, CECAD Research Center Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26 Cologne 50931 Germany
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26
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Varin S, Lemauviel-Lavenant S, Cliquet JB. Is white clover able to switch to atmospheric sulphur sources when sulphate availability decreases? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2511-2521. [PMID: 23645868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulphur (S) is one of the very few nutrients that plants can absorb either through roots as sulphate or via leaves in a gas form such as SO2 or H2S. This study was realized in a non-S-enriched atmosphere and its purpose was to test whether clover plants can increase their ability to use atmospheric S when sulphate availability decreases. A novel methodology measuring the dilution of (34)S provided from a nutrient solution by atmospheric (32)S was developed to measure S acquisition by Trifolium repens L. Clones of white clover were grown for 140 d in a hydroponic system with three levels of sulphate concentrations. S concentration in plants decreased with S deficiency and plant age. In the experimental conditions used here, S derived from atmospheric deposition (Sdad) constituted from 36% to 100% of the total S. The allocation of S coming from atmospheric and pedospheric sources depends on organs and compounds. Nodules appeared as major sinks for sulphate. A greater proportion of atmospheric S was observed in buffer-soluble proteins than in the insoluble S fraction. Decreasing the S concentration in the nutrient solution resulted in an increase in the Sdad:leaf area ratio and in an increase in the leaf:stolon and root:shoot mass ratios, suggesting that a plasticity in the partitioning of resources to organs may allow a higher gain of S by both roots and leaves. This study shows that clover can increase its ability to use atmospheric S even at low concentration when pedospheric S availability decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Varin
- Université de Caen, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et nutritions NCS, INRA/Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France
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27
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Yarmolinsky D, Brychkova G, Fluhr R, Sagi M. Sulfite reductase protects plants against sulfite toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:725-43. [PMID: 23221833 PMCID: PMC3561015 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant sulfite reductase (SiR; Enzyme Commission 1.8.7.1) catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide in the reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. Comparison of SiR expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Rheinlands Ruhm') and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants revealed that SiR is expressed in a different tissue-dependent manner that likely reflects dissimilarity in sulfur metabolism between the plant species. Using Arabidopsis and tomato SiR mutants with modified SiR expression, we show here that resistance to ectopically applied sulfur dioxide/sulfite is a function of SiR expression levels and that plants with reduced SiR expression exhibit higher sensitivity than the wild type, as manifested in pronounced leaf necrosis and chlorophyll bleaching. The sulfite-sensitive mutants accumulate applied sulfite and show a decline in glutathione levels. In contrast, mutants that overexpress SiR are more tolerant to sulfite toxicity, exhibiting little or no damage. Resistance to high sulfite application is manifested by fast sulfite disappearance and an increase in glutathione levels. The notion that SiR plays a role in the protection of plants against sulfite is supported by the rapid up-regulation of SiR transcript and activity within 30 min of sulfite injection into Arabidopsis and tomato leaves. Peroxisomal sulfite oxidase transcripts and activity levels are likewise promoted by sulfite application as compared with water injection controls. These results indicate that, in addition to participating in the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, SiR also plays a role in protecting leaves against the toxicity of sulfite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Galina Brychkova
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
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28
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Brychkova G, Grishkevich V, Fluhr R, Sagi M. An essential role for tomato sulfite oxidase and enzymes of the sulfite network in maintaining leaf sulfite homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:148-64. [PMID: 23148079 PMCID: PMC3532248 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.208660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the homeostasis of sulfite levels, a cytotoxic by-product of plant sulfur turnover. By employing extended dark to induce catabolic pathways, we followed key elements of the sulfite network enzymes that include adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase and the sulfite scavengers sulfite oxidase (SO), sulfite reductase, UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase, and β-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferases. During extended dark, SO was enhanced in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) wild-type leaves, while the other sulfite network components were down-regulated. SO RNA interference plants lacking SO activity accumulated sulfite, resulting in leaf damage and mortality. Exogenous sulfite application induced up-regulation of the sulfite scavenger activities in dark-stressed or unstressed wild-type plants, while expression of the sulfite producer, adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase, was down-regulated. Unstressed or dark-stressed wild-type plants were resistant to sulfite applications, but SO RNA interference plants showed sensitivity and overaccumulation of sulfite. Hence, under extended dark stress, SO activity is necessary to cope with rising endogenous sulfite levels. However, under nonstressed conditions, the sulfite network can control sulfite levels in the absence of SO activity. The novel evidence provided by the synchronous dark-induced turnover of sulfur-containing compounds, augmented by exogenous sulfite applications, underlines the role of SO and other sulfite network components in maintaining sulfite homeostasis, where sulfite appears to act as an orchestrating signal molecule.
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29
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30
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Hamisch D, Randewig D, Schliesky S, Bräutigam A, Weber APM, Geffers R, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H, Mendel RR, Hänsch R. Impact of SO(2) on Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome in wildtype and sulfite oxidase knockout plants analyzed by RNA deep sequencing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1074-1085. [PMID: 23025405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO(2) ) as an air pollutant, and its derivative sulfite, cause abiotic stress that can lead to cell death. It is currently unknown to what extent plant fumigation triggers specific transcriptional responses. To address this question, and to test the hypothesis that sulfite oxidase (SO) is acting in SO(2) detoxification, we compared Arabidopsis wildtype (WT) and SO knockout lines (SO-KO) facing the impact of 600 nl l(-1) SO(2) , using RNAseq to quantify absolute transcript abundances. These transcriptome data were correlated to sulfur metabolism-related enzyme activities and metabolites obtained from identical samples in a previous study. SO-KO plants exhibited remarkable and broad regulative responses at the mRNA level, especially in transcripts related to sulfur metabolism enzymes, but also in those related to stress response and senescence. Focusing on SO regulation, no alterations were detectable in the WT, whereas in SO-KO plants we found up-regulation of two splice variants of the SO gene, although this gene is not functional in this line. Our data provide evidence for the highly specific coregulation between SO and sulfur-related enzymes like APS reductase, and suggest two novel candidates for involvement in SO(2) detoxification: an apoplastic peroxidase, and defensins as putative cysteine mass storages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Hamisch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dörte Randewig
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schliesky
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf R Mendel
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Xia Z, Sun K, Wang M, Wu K, Zhang H, Wu J. Overexpression of a maize sulfite oxidase gene in tobacco enhances tolerance to sulfite stress via sulfite oxidation and CAT-mediated H2O2 scavenging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37383. [PMID: 22693572 PMCID: PMC3365070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfite oxidase (SO) plays an important role in sulfite metabolism. To date, the molecular mechanisms of sulfite metabolism in plants are largely unknown. Previously, a full-length cDNA of the putative sulfite oxidase gene from maize (ZmSO) was cloned, and its response to SO(2)/sulfite stress at the transcriptional level was characterized. In this study, the recombinant ZmSO protein was purified from E. coli. It exhibited sulfite-dependent activity and had strong affinity for the substrate sulfite. Over-expression (OE) of ZmSO in tobacco plants enhanced their tolerance to sulfite stress. The plants showed much less damage, less sulfite accumulation, but greater amounts of sulfate. This suggests that tolerance of transgenic plants to sulfite was enhanced by increasing SO expression levels. Interestingly, H(2)O(2) accumulation levels by histochemical detection and quantitative determination in the OE plants were much less than those in the wild-type upon sulfite stress. Furthermore, reductions of catalase levels detected in the OE lines were considerably less than in the wild-type plants. This indicates that SO may play an important role in protecting CAT from inhibition by excess sulfite. Collectively, these data demonstrate that transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing ZmSO enhance tolerance to excess sulfite through sulfite oxidation and catalase-mediated hydrogen peroxide scavenging. This is the first SO gene from monocots to be functionally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaile Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiping Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Ravilious GE, Jez JM. Structural biology of plant sulfur metabolism: From assimilation to biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:1138-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20009k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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