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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang H, Li S, Hu Y, Wei D, Tang Q, Yang Y, Tian S, Wang Z. Eggplant NAC domain transcription factor SmNST1 as an activator promotes secondary cell wall thickening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38963294 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
NAC-domain transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. SCW is important for plant growth and development, maintaining plant morphology, providing rigid support, ensuring material transportation and participating in plant stress responses as a protective barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SCW in eggplant have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the NAC domain TFs SmNST1 and SmNST2 were cloned from the eggplant line 'Sanyue qie'. SmNST1 and SmNST2 expression levels were the highest in the roots and stems. Subcellular localization analysis showed that they were localized in the cell membrane and nucleus. Their overexpression in transgenic tobacco showed that SmNST1 promotes SCW thickening. The expression of a set of SCW biosynthetic genes for cellulose, xylan and lignin, which regulate SCW formation, was increased in transgenic tobacco. Bimolecular fluorescence and luciferase complementation assays showed that SmNST1 interacted with SmNST2 in vivo. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that SmMYB26 directly bound to the SmNST1 promoter and acted as an activator. SmNST1 and SmNST2 interact with the SmMYB108 promoter and repress SmMYB108 expression. Altogether, we showed that SmNST1 positively regulates SCW formation, improving our understanding of SCW biosynthesis transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Sirui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shibing Tian
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
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Wang L, Liu M, Luo Z, Chen Y, Qi Y, Ye M, Chen F, Dai F. Effect of modified atmosphere package on attributes of sweet bamboo shoots after harvest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1431097. [PMID: 38947949 PMCID: PMC11212469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1431097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Tender bamboo shoots undergo rapid senescence that influences their quality and commercial value after harvest. In this study, the tender sweet bamboo shoots ('Wensun') were packed by a passive modified atmosphere packaging (PMAP) to inhibit the senescence process, taking polyethylene package as control. The increase in CO2 and the decrease in O2 gas concentrations in the headspace atmosphere of the packages were remarkably modified by PMAP treatments. The modified gas atmosphere packaging inhibited the changes in firmness, as well as the content of cellulose, total pectin, and lignin in the cell walls of bamboo shoots. The enzymatic activities of cellulase, pectinase, and polygalacturonase that act on cell wall polysaccharides, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and laccase regulating the lignin biosynthesis were modified by PMAP treatment different from control during storage. The expression levels of the lignin biosynthesis genes PePAL3/4, PeCAD, Pe4CL5, PeC4H, PeCCOAOMT, PeCOMT, cellulose synthase PeCESA1, and related transcription factors PeSND2, PeKNAT7, PeMYB20, PeMYB63, and PeMYB85 were clearly regulated. These results suggest that PMAP efficiently retards the changes in lignin and cell wall polysaccharides, thus delaying the senescence of tender sweet bamboo shoots during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanwei Dai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Zhou X, Zhu X, Ding B, Jiang L, Zhang H, Li S, Cao S, Zhang M, Pei Y, Hou L. GhMYB52 Like: A Key Factor That Enhances Lint Yield by Negatively Regulating the Lignin Biosynthesis Pathway in Fibers of Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4921. [PMID: 38732136 PMCID: PMC11084151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable agriculture and biomaterial development, understanding and enhancing plant secondary cell wall formation are crucial for improving crop fiber quality and biomass conversion efficiency. This is especially critical for economically important crops like upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), for which fiber quality and its processing properties are essential. Through comprehensive genome-wide screening and analysis of expression patterns, we identified a particularly high expression of an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, GhMYB52 Like, in the development of the secondary cell wall in cotton fiber cells. Utilizing gene-editing technology to generate a loss-of-function mutant to clarify the role of GhMYB52 Like, we revealed that GhMYB52 Like does not directly contribute to cellulose synthesis in cotton fibers but instead represses a subset of lignin biosynthesis genes, establishing it as a lignin biosynthesis inhibitor. Concurrently, a substantial decrease in the lint index, a critical measure of cotton yield, was noted in parallel with an elevation in lignin levels. This study not only deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cotton fiber development but also offers new perspectives for the molecular improvement of other economically important crops and the enhancement of biomass energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bo Ding
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linzhu Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Silu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuyan Cao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Pei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (L.J.); (H.Z.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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4
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Hao Y, Yan X, Li Q. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Velvet Complex Transcription Factors in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3926. [PMID: 38612736 PMCID: PMC11011700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new genes with novel functions is a major driver of adaptive evolutionary innovation in plants. Especially in woody plants, due to genome expansion, new genes evolve to regulate the processes of growth and development. In this study, we characterized the unique VeA transcription factor family in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa, which is associated with secondary metabolism. Twenty VeA genes were characterized systematically on their phylogeny, genomic distribution, gene structure and conserved motif, promoter binding site, and expression profiling. Furthermore, through ChIP-qPCR, Y1H, and effector-reporter assays, it was demonstrated that PagMYB128 directly regulated PagVeA3 to influence the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. These results provide a basis for further elucidating the function of VeAs gene in poplar and its genetic regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.H.); (Q.L.)
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Im JH, Son S, Kim WC, Kim K, Mitsuda N, Ko JH, Han KH. Jasmonate activates secondary cell wall biosynthesis through MYC2-MYB46 module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1099-1114. [PMID: 37983636 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of secondary cell wall (SCW) is tightly regulated spatiotemporally by various developmental and environmental signals. Successful fine-tuning of the trade-off between SCW biosynthesis and stress responses requires a better understanding of how plant growth is regulated under environmental stress conditions. However, the current understanding of the interplay between environmental signaling and SCW formation is limited. The lipid-derived plant hormone jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are important signaling components involved in various physiological processes including plant growth, development, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies suggest that JA is involved in SCW formation but the signaling pathway has not been studied for how JA regulates SCW formation. We tested this hypothesis using the transcription factor MYB46, a master switch for SCW biosynthesis, and JA treatments. Both the transcript and protein levels of MYB46, a master switch for SCW formation, were significantly increased by JA treatment, resulting in the upregulation of SCW biosynthesis. We then show that this JA-induced upregulation of MYB46 is mediated by MYC2, a central regulator of JA signaling, which binds to the promoter of MYB46. We conclude that this MYC2-MYB46 module is a key component of the plant response to JA in SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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6
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Yin Q, Qin W, Zhou Z, Wu A, Deng W, Li Z, Shan W, Chen J, Kuang J, Lu W. Banana MaNAC1 activates secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis to enhance chilling resistance in fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:413-426. [PMID: 37816143 PMCID: PMC10826994 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Chilling injury has a negative impact on the quantity and quality of crops, especially subtropical and tropical plants. The plant cell wall is not only the main source of biomass production, but also the first barrier to various stresses. Therefore, improving the understanding of the alterations in cell wall architecture is of great significance for both biomass production and stress adaptation. Herein, we demonstrated that the cell wall principal component cellulose accumulated during chilling stress, which was caused by the activation of MaCESA proteins. The sequence-multiple comparisons show that a cold-inducible NAC transcriptional factor MaNAC1, a homologue of Secondary Wall NAC transcription factors, has high sequence similarity with Arabidopsis SND3. An increase in cell wall thickness and cellulosic glucan content was observed in MaNAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines, indicating that MaNAC1 participates in cellulose biosynthesis. Over-expression of MaNAC1 in Arabidopsis mutant snd3 restored the defective secondary growth of thinner cell walls and increased cellulosic glucan content. Furthermore, the activation of MaCESA7 and MaCESA6B cellulose biosynthesis genes can be directly induced by MaNAC1 through binding to SNBE motifs within their promoters, leading to enhanced cellulose content during low-temperature stress. Ultimately, tomato fruit showed greater cold resistance in MaNAC1 overexpression lines with thickened cell walls and increased cellulosic glucan content. Our findings revealed that MaNAC1 performs a vital role as a positive modulator in modulating cell wall cellulose metabolism within banana fruit under chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ai‐Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wang‐jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and VegetablesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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7
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Takawira LT, Hadj Bachir I, Ployet R, Tulloch J, San Clemente H, Christie N, Ladouce N, Dupas A, Rai A, Grima-Pettenati J, Myburg AA, Mizrachi E, Mounet F, Hussey SG. Functional investigation of five R2R3-MYB transcription factors associated with wood development in Eucalyptus using DAP-seq-ML. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:33-57. [PMID: 37661236 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A multi-tiered transcriptional network regulates xylem differentiation and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in plants, with evidence of both conserved and lineage-specific SCW network architecture. We aimed to elucidate the roles of selected R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) linked to Eucalyptus wood formation by identifying genome-wide TF binding sites and direct target genes through an improved DAP-seq protocol combined with machine learning for target gene assignment (DAP-seq-ML). We applied this to five TFs including a well-studied SCW master regulator (EgrMYB2; homolog of AtMYB83), a repressor of lignification (EgrMYB1; homolog of AtMYB4), a TF affecting SCW thickness and vessel density (EgrMYB137; homolog of PtrMYB074) and two TFs with unclear roles in SCW regulation (EgrMYB135 and EgrMYB122). Each DAP-seq TF peak set (average 12,613 peaks) was enriched for canonical R2R3-MYB binding motifs. To improve the reliability of target gene assignment to peaks, a random forest classifier was developed from Arabidopsis DAP-seq, RNA-seq, chromatin, and conserved noncoding sequence data which demonstrated significantly higher precision and recall to the baseline method of assigning genes to proximal peaks. EgrMYB1, EgrMYB2 and EgrMYB137 predicted targets showed clear enrichment for SCW-related biological processes. As validation, EgrMYB137 overexpression in transgenic Eucalyptus hairy roots increased xylem lignification, while its dominant repression in transgenic Arabidopsis and Populus reduced xylem lignification, stunted growth, and caused downregulation of SCW genes. EgrMYB137 targets overlapped significantly with those of EgrMYB2, suggesting partial functional redundancy. Our results show that DAP-seq-ML identified biologically relevant R2R3-MYB targets supported by the finding that EgrMYB137 promotes SCW lignification in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazarus T Takawira
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ines Hadj Bachir
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Jade Tulloch
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Helene San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nanette Christie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Nathalie Ladouce
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Annabelle Dupas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Avanish Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Steven G Hussey
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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Xue Y, Shan Y, Yao JL, Wang R, Xu S, Liu D, Ye Z, Lin J, Li X, Xue C, Wu J. The transcription factor PbrMYB24 regulates lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1997-2014. [PMID: 37011145 PMCID: PMC10315299 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignified stone cell content is a key factor used to evaluate fruit quality, influencing the economic value of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruits. However, our understanding of the regulatory networks of stone cell formation is limited due to the complex secondary metabolic pathway. In this study, we used a combination of co-expression network analysis, gene expression profiles, and transcriptome analysis in different pear cultivars with varied stone cell content to identify a hub MYB gene, PbrMYB24. The relative expression of PbrMYB24 in fruit flesh was significantly correlated with the contents of stone cells, lignin, and cellulose. We then verified the function of PbrMYB24 in regulating lignin and cellulose formation via genetic transformation in homologous and heterologous systems. We constructed a high-efficiency verification system for lignin and cellulose biosynthesis genes in pear callus. PbrMYB24 transcriptionally activated multiple target genes involved in stone cell formation. On the one hand, PbrMYB24 activated the transcription of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis genes by binding to different cis-elements [AC-I (ACCTACC) element, AC-II (ACCAACC) element and MYB-binding sites (MBS)]. On the other hand, PbrMYB24 bound directly to the promoters of PbrMYB169 and NAC STONE CELL PROMOTING FACTOR (PbrNSC), activating the gene expression. Moreover, both PbrMYB169 and PbrNSC activated the promoter of PbrMYB24, enhancing gene expression. This study improves our understanding of lignin and cellulose synthesis regulation in pear fruits through identifying a regulator and establishing a regulatory network. This knowledge will be useful for reducing the stone cell content in pears via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Xue
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanfei Shan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Runze Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhicheng Ye
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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Li H, Yang J, Ma R, An X, Pan F, Zhang S, Fu Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of MYB gene family in Cajanus cajan and CcMYB107 improves plant drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13954. [PMID: 37318225 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factor (TF) is one of the largest superfamilies that play a vital role in multiple plant biological processes. However, the MYB family has not been comprehensively identified and functionally verified in Cajanus cajan, which is the sixth most important legume crop. Here, 170 CcR2R3-MYBs were identified and divided into 43 functional subgroups. Segmental and tandem duplications and alternative splicing events were found and promoted the expansion of the CcR2R3-MYB gene family. Functional prediction results showed that CcR2R3-MYBs were mainly involved in secondary metabolism, cell fate and identity, developmental processes, and responses to abiotic stress. Cis-acting element analysis of promoters revealed that stress response elements were widespread in the above four functional branches, further suggesting CcR2R3-MYBs were extensively involved in abiotic stress response. The transcriptome data and qRT-PCR results indicated that most of the CcR2R3-MYB genes responded to various stresses, of which the expression of CcMYB107 was significantly induced by drought stress. Overexpression of CcMYB107 enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased proline and lignin accumulation, thus improving the drought resistance of C. cajan. Furthermore, Overexpression of CcMYB107 up-regulated the expression of stress-related genes and lignin biosynthesis genes after drought stress. Our findings established a strong foundation for the investigation of biological function of CcR2R3-MYB TFs in C. cajan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijin Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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10
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Song F, Li Z, Wang C, Jiang Y, Wang Z, He L, Ma X, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu J, Wu L. CsMYB15 positively regulates Cs4CL2-mediated lignin biosynthesis during juice sac granulation in navel orange. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223820. [PMID: 37457356 PMCID: PMC10348809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
'Lane Late', a late-maturing navel orange cultivar, is mainly distributed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which matures in the late March of the next year and needs overwintering cultivation. Citrus fruit granulation is a physiological disorder, which is characterized by lignification and dehydration of juice sac cells, seriously affecting the commercial value of citrus fruits. The pre-harvest granulation of late-maturing navel orange is main caused by low temperature in the winter, but its mechanism and regulation pattern remain unclear. In this study, a SG2-type R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CsMYB15, was identified from Citrus sinensis, which was significantly induced by both juice sac granulation and low temperature treatment. Subcellular localization analysis and transcriptional activation assay revealed that CsMYB15 protein was localized to the nucleus, and it exhibited transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Over-expression of CsMYB15 by stable transformation in navel orange calli and transient transformation in kumquat fruits and navel orange juice sacs significantly increased lignin content in the transgenic lines. Further, Yeast one hybrid, EMSA, and LUC assays demonstrated that CsMYB15 directly bound to the Cs4CL2 promoter and activated its expression, thereby causing a high accumulation of lignin in citrus. Taken together, these results elucidated the biological function of CsMYB15 in regulating Cs4CL2-mediated lignin biosynthesis, and provided novel insight into the transcriptional regulation mechanism underlying the juice sac granulation of late-maturing navel orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ligang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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11
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Zhang B, Dang X, Chen H, Li T, Zhu F, Nagawa S. Ectopic Expression of FvVND4c Promotes Secondary Cell Wall Thickening and Flavonoid Accumulation in Fragaria vesca. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098110. [PMID: 37175817 PMCID: PMC10179399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening has a significant effect on the growth and development of plants, as well as in the resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Lignin accounts for the strength of SCW. It is synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway that also leads to flavonoid synthesis. The coupling strategies for lignin and flavonoid syntheses are diverse in plants. How their syntheses are balanced by transcriptional regulation in fleshy fruits is still unclear. The diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a model for fleshy fruits research due to its small genome and wide scope of genetic transformation. SCW thickening is regulated by a multilevel transcriptional regulatory network wherein vascular-related NAC domains (VNDs) act as key regulators. In this study, we systematically characterized VNDs in Fragaria vesca and explored their functions. The overexpression of FvVND4c in diploid strawberry fruits resulted in SCW thickening and fruit color changes accompanied with the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids. Genes related to these phenotypes were also induced upon FvVND4c overexpression. Among the induced genes, we found FvMYB46 to be a direct downstream regulator of FvVND4c. The overexpression of FvMYB46 resulted in similar phenotypes as FvVND4c, except for the color change. Transcriptomic analyses suggest that both FvVND4c and FvMYB46 act on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, and induce lignin synthesis for SCW. These results suggest that FvVND4c and FvMYB46 cooperatively regulate SCW thickening and flavonoid accumulation in Fragaria vesca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaofei Dang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fangjie Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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12
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Kim MH, Cho JS, Tran TNA, Nguyen TTT, Park EJ, Im JH, Han KH, Lee H, Ko JH. Comparative functional analysis of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 in the tracheary element formation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad042. [PMID: 37014763 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tracheary elements (i.e., vessel elements and tracheids) are highly specialized, non-living cells present in the water-conducting xylem tissue. In angiosperms, proteins in the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) subgroup of the NAC transcription factor family (e.g., AtVND6) are required for the differentiation of vessel elements through transcriptional regulation of genes responsible for secondary cell wall (SCW) formation and programmed cell death (PCD). Gymnosperms, however, produce only tracheids, the mechanism of which remains elusive. Here, we report functional characteristics of PdeNAC2, a VND homolog in Pinus densiflora, as a key regulator of tracheid formation. Interestingly, our molecular genetic analyses show that PdeNAC2 can induce the formation of vessel element-like cells in angiosperm plants, demonstrated by transgenic overexpression of either native or NAC domain-swapped synthetic genes of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 in both Arabidopsis and hybrid poplar. Subsequently, genome-wide identification of direct target genes of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 revealed 138 and 174 genes as putative direct targets, respectively, but only 17 genes were identified as common direct targets. Further analyses have found that PdeNAC2 does not control some AtVND6-dependent vessel differentiation genes in angiosperm plants, such as AtVRLK1, LBD15/30, and pit-forming ROP signaling genes. Collectively, our results suggest that different target gene repertoires of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 may contribute to the evolution of tracheary elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Tran
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thu Tram Nguyen
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li Y, Zhang T, Kang Y, Wang P, Yu W, Wang J, Li W, Jiang X, Zhou Y. Integrated metabolome, transcriptome analysis, and multi-flux full-length sequencing offer novel insights into the function of lignin biosynthesis as a Sesuvium portulacastrum response to salt stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124222. [PMID: 36990407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum is a typical halophyte. However, few studies have investigated its salt-tolerant molecular mechanism. In this study, metabolome, transcriptome, and multi-flux full-length sequencing analysis were conducted to investigate the significantly different metabolites (SDMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of S. portulacastrum samples under salinity. The complete-length transcriptome of S. portulacastrum was developed, which contained 39,659 non-redundant unigenes. RNA-seq results showed that 52 DEGs involved in lignin biosynthesis may be responsible for S. portulacastrum salt tolerance. Furthermore, 130 SDMs were identified, and the salt response could be attributed to the p-coumaryl alcohol-rich in lignin biosynthesis. The co-expression network that was constructed after comparing the different salt treatment processes showed that the p-Coumaryl alcohol was linked to 30 DEGs. Herein, 8 structures genes, i.e., Sp4CL, SpCAD, SpCCR, SpCOMT, SpF5H, SpCYP73A, SpCCoAOMT, and SpC3'H were identified as significant factors in regulating lignin biosynthesis. Further investigation revealed that 64 putative transcription factors (TFs) may interact with the promoters of the above-mentioned genes. Together, the data revealed a potential regulatory network comprising important genes, putative TFs, and metabolites involved in the lignin biosynthesis of S. portulacastrum roots under salt stress, which could serve as a rich useful genetic resource for breeding excellent salt-tolerant plants.
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14
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Bai Y, Ali S, Liu S, Zhou J, Tang Y. Characterization of plant laccase genes and their functions. Gene 2023; 852:147060. [PMID: 36423777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laccase is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase found in different organisms. The multigene family that encodes laccases is widely distributed in plant genomes. Plant laccases oxidize monolignols to produce lignin which is important for plant growth and stress responses. Industrial applications of fungal and bacterial laccases are extensively explored and addressed. Recently many studies have focused on the significance of plant laccase, particularly in crop yield, and its functions in different environmental conditions. This review summarizes the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of plant laccase genes and their functions in plant growth and development. It especially describes the responses of laccase genes to various stresses and their contributions to plant biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In-depth explanations and scientific advances will serve as foundations for research into plant laccase genes' function, mechanism, and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China.
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15
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Pedersen GB, Blaschek L, Frandsen KEH, Noack LC, Persson S. Cellulose synthesis in land plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:206-231. [PMID: 36564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion, protection, and a means of directional growth to plants. Cellulose microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these walls. The biosynthesis of cellulose, which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth's most abundant biopolymer, is finely attuned to developmental and environmental cues. Our understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in, for example, structural biology and microscopy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory interactors. We aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field, and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav B Pedersen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Choi SJ, Lee Z, Kim S, Jeong E, Shim JS. Modulation of lignin biosynthesis for drought tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116426. [PMID: 37152118 PMCID: PMC10157170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer that is embedded in plant cell walls to provide physical support and water protection. For these reasons, the production of lignin is closely linked with plant adaptation to terrestrial regions. In response to developmental cues and external environmental conditions, plants use an elaborate regulatory network to determine the timing and location of lignin biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize the canonical lignin biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulatory network of lignin biosynthesis, consisting of NAC and MYB transcription factors, to explain how plants regulate lignin deposition under drought stress. Moreover, we discuss how the transcriptional network can be applied to the development of drought tolerant plants.
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17
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Wang Y, Hou Y, Wang J, Zhao H. Analyzing lignin biosynthesis pathways in rattan using improved co-expression networks of NACs and MYBs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:411. [PMID: 36002818 PMCID: PMC9400238 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rattan is a valuable plant resource with multiple applications in tropical forests. Calamus simplicifolius and Daemonorops jenkinsiana are the two most representative rattan species, supplying over 95% of the raw materials for the rattan industry. Hence, the wood properties of both rattans have always attracted researchers' attention. RESULTS We re-annotated the genomes, obtained 81 RNA-Seq datasets, and developed an improved pipeline to increase the reliability of co-expression networks of both rattans. Based on the data and pipeline, co-expression relationships were detected in 11 NACs, 49 MYBs, and 86 lignin biosynthesis genes in C. simplicifolius and four NACs, 59 MYBs, and 76 lignin biosynthesis genes in D. jenkinsiana, respectively. Among these co-expression pairs, several genes had a close relationship to the development of wood properties. Additionally, we detected the enzyme gene on the lignin biosynthesis pathway was regulated by either NAC or MYB, while LACCASES was regulated by both NAC and MYB. For D. jenkinsiana, the lignin biosynthesis regulatory network was characterized by positive regulation, and MYB possible negatively regulate non-expressed lignin biosynthesis genes in stem tissues. For C. simplicifolius, NAC may positively regulate highly expressed genes and negatively regulate non-expressed lignin biosynthesis genes in stem tissues. Furthermore, we established core regulatory networks of NAC and MYB for both rattans. CONCLUSIONS This work improved the accuracy of rattan gene annotation by integrating an efficient co-expression network analysis pipeline, enhancing gene coverage and accuracy of the constructed network, and facilitating an understanding of co-expression relationships among NAC, MYB, and lignin biosynthesis genes in rattan and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yinguang Hou
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jiongliang Wang
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
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18
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Guo Y, Xu H, Chen B, Grünhofer P, Schreiber L, Lin J, Zhao Y. Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNAs in shoot apical meristem and vascular cambium in Populus tomentosa. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153759. [PMID: 35820347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shoot apical and lateral meristems play essential roles in the formation and development of primary and secondary growth in plants. A delicate regulatory mechanism is needed to maintain homeostatic balance between the primary and secondary growth, as well as the self-renewal of meristems with the rate of cell division and differentiation of new meristems. However, little is known about the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of maintenance and differentiation of primary and secondary growth in Populus, especially in the cambium division and differentiation into secondary xylem. Here, 1298 lncRNAs were identified both in the apical meristem and vascular cambium, with 80 lncRNAs being expressed only in shoot apical meristem and 45 only in vascular cambium. There are 410 differentially expressed lncRNAs in shoot apical meristem and vascular cambium, among which 271 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 139 were down-regulated in cambium. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed lncRNAs mainly influenced the expression of lncRNAs related to the ribosome pathway, plant hormone signal pathway and photosynthesis pathway. The differentially expressed lncRNAs mainly target mRNA through cis-regulation in the vascular cambium. In addition, six key lncRNAs and also their significantly upregulated target genes were identified. Theses target genes are involved in plant secondary metabolites, cellulose and lignin synthesis, hormone and signal transduction. In addition, six key lncRNAs were identified, their significantly upregulated target genes are related to plant secondary metabolites, cellulose and lignin synthesis, hormone and signal transduction. Investigating lncRNA-mRNA interactions, we further found some genes that may be related to the development of vascular cambium, such as domain-containing transcription factors, cellulose synthesis genes, calcium dependent protein kinase 2, cytokinin receptor 1, glycosyl transferase and polyphenol oxidase. Our findings provide new insights into the lncRNA-mRNA networks in the development of vascular cambium of secondary growth in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Paul Grünhofer
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jinxing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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19
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Zhang L, Xie S, Yang C, Cao D, Fan S, Zhang X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes and Pathways for Potential Branch Growth in Elm ( Ulmus pumila) Cultivars. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:711. [PMID: 35625439 PMCID: PMC9139171 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wood plays a vital role in human life. It is important to study the thickening mechanism of tree branches and explore the mechanism of wood formation. Elm (Ulmus pumila) is a strong essential wood, and it is widely used in cabinets, sculptures, and ship making. In the present study, phenotypic and comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed in U. pumila fast- (UGu17 and UZuantian) and slow-growing cultivars (U81-07 and U82-39). Phenotypic observation showed that the thickness of secondary xylem of 2-year-old fast-growing branches was greater compared with slow-growing cultivars. A total of 9367 (up = 4363, down = 5004), 7159 (3413/3746), 7436 (3566/3870), and 5707 (2719/2988) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between fast- and slow-growing cultivars. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses predicted that many pathways were involved in vascular development and transcriptional regulation in elm, such as "plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis", "cell wall thickening", and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". NAC domain transcriptional factors (TFs) and their master regulators (VND1/MYB26), cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs) (such as IRX5/IRX3/IRX1), xylan synthesis, and secondary wall thickness (such as IRX9/IRX10/IRX8) were supposed to function in the thickening mechanism of elm branches. Our results indicated that the general phenylpropanoid pathway (such as PAL/C4H/4CL) and lignin metabolism (such as HCL/CSE/CCoAOMT/CCR/F5H) had vital functions in the growth of elm branches. Our transcriptome data were consistent with molecular results for branch thickening in elm cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (S.X.); (C.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (S.X.); (C.Y.); (D.C.)
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20
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Zhao W, Ding L, Liu J, Zhang X, Li S, Zhao K, Guan Y, Song A, Wang H, Chen S, Jiang J, Chen F. Regulation of lignin biosynthesis by an atypical bHLH protein CmHLB in Chrysanthemum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2403-2419. [PMID: 35090011 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem mechanical strength is one of the most important agronomic traits that affects the resistance of plants against insects and lodging, and plays an essential role in the quality and yield of plants. Several transcription factors regulate mechanical strength in crops. However, mechanisms of stem strength formation and regulation remain largely unexplored, especially in ornamental plants. In this study, we identified an atypical bHLH transcription factor CmHLB (HLH PROTEIN INVOLVED IN LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS) in chrysanthemum, belonging to a small bHLH sub-family - the PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE (PRE) family. Overexpression of CmHLB in chrysanthemum significantly increased mechanical strength of the stem, cell wall thickness, and lignin content, compared with the wild type. In contrast, CmHLB RNA interference lines exhibited the opposite phenotypes. RNA-seq analysis indicated that CmHLB promoted the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CmHLB interacted with Chrysanthemum KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 (CmKNAT7) through the KNOX2 domain, which has a conserved function, i.e. it negatively regulates secondary cell wall formation of fibres and lignin biosynthesis. Collectively, our results reveal a novel role for CmHLB in regulating lignin biosynthesis by interacting with CmKNAT7 and affecting stem mechanical strength in Chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxiao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Yang Q, Yang X, Wang L, Zheng B, Cai Y, Ogutu CO, Zhao L, Peng Q, Liao L, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Han Y. Two R2R3-MYB genes cooperatively control trichome development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in Prunus persica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:179-196. [PMID: 35023174 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fruit surface has an enormous impact on the external appearance and postharvest shelf-life of fruit. Here, we report two functionally redundant genes, PpMYB25 and PpMYB26, involved in regulation of fruit skin texture in peach. PpMYB25 can activate transcription of PpMYB26 and they both induce trichome development and cuticular wax accumulation, resulting in peach fruit with a fuzzy and dull appearance. By contrast, nonfunctional mutation of PpMYB25 caused by an insertional retrotransposon in the last exon in nectarine fails to activate transcription of PpMYB26, resulting in nectarine fruit with a smooth and shiny appearance due to loss of trichome initiation and decreased cuticular wax accumulation. Secondary cell wall biosynthesis in peach fruit pubescence is controlled by a transcriptional regulatory network, including the master regulator PpNAC43 and its downstream MYB transcription factors such as PpMYB42, PpMYB46 and PpMYB83. Our results show that PpMYB25 and PpMYB26 coordinately regulate fruit pubescence and cuticular wax accumulation and their simultaneous perturbation results in the origin of nectarine, which is botanically classified as a subspecies of peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yaming Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Collins Otieno Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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22
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Liu M, Zhang M, Yu S, Li X, Zhang A, Cui Z, Dong X, Fan J, Zhang L, Li C, Ruan Y. A Genome-Wide Association Study Dissects the Genetic Architecture of the Metaxylem Vessel Number in Maize Brace Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847234. [PMID: 35360304 PMCID: PMC8961028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metaxylem vessels in maize brace roots are key tissue, and their number (MVN) affects plant water and inorganic salt transportation and lodging resistance. Dissecting the genetic basis of MVN in maize brace roots can help guide the genetic improvement of maize drought resistance and lodging resistance during late developmental stages. In this study, we used 508 inbred lines with tropical, subtropical, and temperate backgrounds to analyze the genetic architecture of MVN in maize brace roots. The phenotypic variation in MVN in brace roots was evaluated in three environments, which revealed broad natural variation and relative low levels of heritability (h 2 = 0.42). Stiff-stalk lines with a temperate background tended to have higher MVNs than plants in other genetic backgrounds. MVN was significantly positively correlated with plant height, tassel maximum axis length, ear length, and kernel number per row, which indicates that MVN may affect plant morphological development and yield. In addition, MVN was extremely significantly negatively correlated with brace root radius, but significantly positively correlated with brace root angle (BRA), diameter, and number, thus suggesting that the morphological function of some brace root traits may be essentially determined by MVN. Association analysis of MVN in brace roots combined 1,253,814 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using FarmCPU revealed a total of nine SNPs significantly associated with MVN at P < 7.96 × 10-7. Five candidate genes for MVN that may participate in secondary wall formation (GRMZM2G168365, GRMZM2G470499, and GRMZM2G028982) and regulate flowering time (GRMZM2G381691 and GRMZM2G449165). These results provide useful information for understanding the genetic basis of MVN in brace root development. Further functional studies of identified candidate genes should help elucidate the molecular pathways that regulate MVN in maize brace roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhai Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Nookaraju A, Pandey SK, Ahlawat YK, Joshi CP. Understanding the Modus Operandi of Class II KNOX Transcription Factors in Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:493. [PMID: 35214825 PMCID: PMC8880547 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from the secondary cell walls of plants has a veritable potential to provide some of the most appropriate raw materials for producing second-generation biofuels. Therefore, we must first understand how plants synthesize these complex secondary cell walls that consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in order to deconstruct them later on into simple sugars to produce bioethanol via fermentation. Knotted-like homeobox (KNOX) genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors (TFs) that modulate various important developmental processes in plants. While Class I KNOX TF genes are mainly expressed in the shoot apical meristems of both monocot and eudicot plants and are involved in meristem maintenance and/or formation, Class II KNOXTF genes exhibit diverse expression patterns and their precise functions have mostly remained unknown, until recently. The expression patterns of Class II KNOX TF genes in Arabidopsis, namely KNAT3, KNAT4, KNAT5, and KNAT7, suggest that TFs encoded by at least some of these genes, such as KNAT7 and KNAT3, may play a significant role in secondary cell wall formation. Specifically, the expression of the KNAT7 gene is regulated by upstream TFs, such as SND1 and MYB46, while KNAT7 interacts with other cell wall proteins, such as KNAT3, MYB75, OFPs, and BLHs, to regulate secondary cell wall formation. Moreover, KNAT7 directly regulates the expression of some xylan synthesis genes. In this review, we summarize the current mechanistic understanding of the roles of Class II KNOX TFs in secondary cell wall formation. Recent success with the genetic manipulation of Class II KNOX TFs suggests that this may be one of the biotechnological strategies to improve plant feedstocks for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akula Nookaraju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (A.N.); (S.K.P.); (Y.K.A.)
- Kaveri Seed Company Limited, Secunderabad 500003, Telangana, India
| | - Shashank K. Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (A.N.); (S.K.P.); (Y.K.A.)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yogesh K. Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (A.N.); (S.K.P.); (Y.K.A.)
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar P. Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (A.N.); (S.K.P.); (Y.K.A.)
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24
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Li X, Wang N, She W, Guo Z, Pan H, Yu Y, Ye J, Pan D, Pan T. Identification and Functional Analysis of the CgNAC043 Gene Involved in Lignin Synthesis from Citrusgrandis "San Hong". PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030403. [PMID: 35161384 PMCID: PMC8838788 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Overaccumulation of lignin (a physiological disorder known as granulation) often occurs during fruit ripening and postharvest storage in pomelo (Citrus grandis). It causes an unpleasant fruit texture and taste. Previous studies have shown that lignin metabolism is closely associated with the process of juice sacs granulation. At present, the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified and isolated a candidate NAC transcription factor, CgNAC043, that is involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in Citrus grandis, which has homologs in Arabidopsis and other plants. We used the fruit juice sacs of 'San hong' as the material, the staining for lignin with HCl-phloroglucinol of fruit juice sacs became dark red from the various developmental stages at 172 to 212 days post anthesis (DPA). The RT-qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression of CgNAC043 and its target gene CgMYB46 in fruit sacs, it was found that the expression trend of CgNAC043 was basically same as CgMYB46, which increased gradually and peaked at 212 DPA. The expression level of CgNAC043 in juice sacs obtained away from the core was the lowest, while those near the core and granulated area were highly expressed. The transcriptional activation activity of CgNAC043 and CgMYB46 was analyzed by a yeast two-hybrid system, with only CgNAC043 showing transcriptional activation activity in Y2H Gold yeast. A transformation vector, p1301- CgNAC043, was transformed into the mesocarp of 'San hong' by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Results showed that the expression of transcription factors CgMYB58 and CgMYB46 are all upregulated. Further experiments proved that CgNAC043 not only can directly trans-activate the promoter of CgMYB46 but also trans-activate the promoters for the lignin biosynthesis-related genes CgCCoAOMT and CgC3H by dual luciferase assay. We isolated the CgNAC043 gene in pomelo and found CgNAC043 regulates target genes conferring the regulation of juice sacs granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Naiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wenqin She
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhixiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Heli Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Pinghe County, Zhangzhou 363700, China;
| | - Dongming Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (Z.G.); (H.P.); (Y.Y.)
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25
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Hirai R, Wang S, Demura T, Ohtani M. Histone Deacetylation Controls Xylem Vessel Cell Differentiation via Transcriptional Regulation of a Transcription Repressor Complex OFP1/4-MYB75-KNAT7-BLH6. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:825810. [PMID: 35154217 PMCID: PMC8829346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.825810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem vessels are indispensable tissues in vascular plants that transport water and minerals. The differentiation of xylem vessel cells is characterized by secondary cell wall deposition and programmed cell death. These processes are initiated by a specific set of transcription factors, called VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) family proteins, through the direct and/or indirectly induction of genes required for secondary cell wall deposition and programmed cell death. In this study, we explored novel regulatory factors for xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We tested the effects of cellular stress inducers on VND7-induced differentiation of xylem vessel cells with the VND7-VP16-GR system, in which VND7 activity is post-translationally induced by dexamethasone application. We established that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sirtinol inhibited VND7-induced xylem vessel cell differentiation. The inhibitory effects of TSA and sirtinol treatment were detected only when they were added at the same time as the dexamethasone application, suggesting that TSA and sirtinol mainly influence the early stages of xylem vessel cell differentiation. Expression analysis revealed that these HDAC inhibitors downregulated VND7-downstream genes, including both direct and indirect targets of transcriptional activation. Notably, the HDAC inhibitors upregulated the transcript levels of negative regulators of xylem vessel cells, OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN1 (OFP1), OFP4, and MYB75, which are known to form a protein complex with BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN6 (BLH6) to repress gene transcription. The KDB system, another in vitro induction system of ectopic xylem vessel cells, demonstrated that TSA and sirtinol also inhibited ectopic formation of xylem vessel cells, and this inhibition was partially suppressed in knat7-1, bhl6-1, knat7-1 bhl6-1, and quintuple ofp1 ofp2 ofp3 ofp4 ofp5 mutants. Thus, the negative effects of HDAC inhibitors on xylem vessel cell differentiation are mediated, at least partly, by the abnormal upregulation of the transcriptional repressor complex OFP1/4-MYB75-KNAT7-BLH6. Collectively, our findings suggest that active regulation of histone deacetylation by HDACs is involved in xylem vessel cell differentiation via the OFP1/4-MYB75-KNAT7-BLH6 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risaku Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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26
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Wang Y, Li Y, Gong SY, Qin LX, Nie XY, Liu D, Zheng Y, Li XB. GhKNL1 controls fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis by repressing its downstream genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:39-55. [PMID: 34796654 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cotton which produces natural fiber materials for the textile industry is one of the most important crops in the world. Class II KNOX proteins are often considered as transcription factors in regulating plant secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. However, the molecular mechanism of the KNOX transcription factor-regulated SCW synthesis in plants (especially in cotton) remains unclear in details so far. In this study, we show a cotton class II KNOX protein (GhKNL1) as a transcription repressor functioning in fiber development. The GhKNL1-silenced transgenic cotton produced longer fibers with thicker SCWs, whereas GhKNL1 dominant repression transgenic lines displayed the opposite fiber phenotype, compared with controls. Further experiments revealed that GhKNL1 could directly bind to promoters of GhCesA4-2/4-4/8-2 and GhMYB46 for modulating cellulose synthesis during fiber SCW development in cotton. On the other hand, GhKNL1 could also suppress expressions of GhEXPA2D/4A-1/4D-1/13A through binding to their promoters for regulating fiber elongation of cotton. Taken together, these data revealed GhKNL1 functions in fiber elongation and SCW formation by directly repressing expressions of its target genes related to cell elongation and cellulose synthesis. Thus, our data provide an effective clue for potentially improving fiber quality by genetic manipulation of GhKNL1 in cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Si-Ying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li-Xia Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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He H, Song XQ, Jiang C, Liu YL, Wang D, Wen SS, Chai GH, Zhao ST, Lu MZ. The role of senescence-associated gene101 (PagSAG101a) in the regulation of secondary xylem formation in poplar. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:73-86. [PMID: 34845845 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood is produced by the accumulation of secondary xylem via proliferation and differentiation of the cambium cells in woody plants. Identifying the regulators involved in this process remains a challenging task. In this study, we isolated PagSAG101a, the homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana SAG101, from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) clone 84K and investigated its role in secondary xylem development. PagSAG101a was expressed predominantly in lignified stems and localized in the nucleus. Compared with non-transgenic 84K plants, transgenic plants overexpressing PagSAG101a displayed increased plant height, internode number, stem diameter, xylem width, and secondary cell wall thickness, while opposite phenotypes were observed for PagSAG101a knock-out plants. Transcriptome analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for those controlling cambium cell division activity and subsequent secondary cell wall deposition during xylem formation. In addition, the tandem CCCH zinc finger protein PagC3H17, which positively regulates secondary xylem width and secondary wall thickening in poplar, could bind to the promoter of PagSAG101a and mediate the regulation of xylem differentiation. Our results support that PagSAG101a, downstream of PagC3H17, functions in wood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xue-Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guo-Hua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shu-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Nakano Y, Endo H, Gerber L, Hori C, Ihara A, Sekimoto M, Matsumoto T, Kikuchi J, Ohtani M, Demura T. Enhancement of Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Poplar Xylem Using a Self-Reinforced System of Secondary Cell Wall-Related Transcription Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819360. [PMID: 35371169 PMCID: PMC8967175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The secondary cell wall (SCW) in the xylem is one of the largest sink organs of carbon in woody plants, and is considered a promising sustainable bioresource for biofuels and biomaterials. To enhance SCW formation in poplar (Populus sp.) xylem, we developed a self-reinforced system of SCW-related transcription factors from Arabidopsis thaliana, involving VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC-DOMAIN PROTEIN 1/NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING-PROMOTING FACTOR3 (SND1/NST3), and MYB46. In this system, these transcription factors were fused with the transactivation domain VP16 and expressed under the control of the Populus trichocarpa CesA18 (PtCesA18) gene promoter, creating the chimeric genes PtCesA18pro::AtVND7:VP16, PtCesA18pro::AtSND1:VP16, and PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16. The PtCesA18 promoter is active in tissues generating SCWs, and can be regulated by AtVND7, AtSND1, and AtMYB46; thus, the expression levels of PtCesA18pro::AtVND7:VP16, PtCesA18pro::AtSND1:VP16, and PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 are expected to be boosted in SCW-generating tissues. In the transgenic hybrid aspens (Populus tremula × tremuloides T89) expressing PtCesA18pro::AtSND1:VP16 or PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 grown in sterile half-strength Murashige and Skoog growth medium, SCW thickening was significantly enhanced in the secondary xylem cells, while the PtCesA18pro::AtVND7:VP16 plants showed stunted xylem formation, possibly because of the enhanced programmed cell death (PCD) in the xylem regions. After acclimation, the transgenic plants were transferred from the sterile growth medium to pots of soil in the greenhouse, where only the PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 aspens survived. A nuclear magnetic resonance footprinting cell wall analysis and enzymatic saccharification analysis demonstrated that PtCesA18pro::AtMYB46:VP16 influences cell wall properties such as the ratio of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units of lignin, the abundance of the lignin β-aryl ether and resinol bonds, and hemicellulose acetylation levels. Together, these data indicate that we have created a self-reinforced system using SCW-related transcription factors to enhance SCW accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Nakano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Lorenz Gerber
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chiaki Hori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ihara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masayo Sekimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Misato Ohtani,
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Taku Demura,
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Zhuang H, Chong SL, Priyanka B, Han X, Lin E, Tong Z, Huang H. Full-length transcriptomic identification of R2R3-MYB family genes related to secondary cell wall development in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:581. [PMID: 34879821 PMCID: PMC8653563 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND R2R3-MYB is a class of transcription factor crucial in regulating secondary cell wall development during wood formation. The regulation of wood formation in gymnosperm has been understudied due to its large genome size. Using Single-Molecule Real-Time sequencing, we obtained full-length transcriptomic libraries from the developmental stem of Cunninghamia lanceolata, a perennial conifer known as Chinese fir. The R2R3-MYB of C. lanceolata (hereafter named as ClMYB) associated with secondary wall development were identified based on phylogenetic analysis, expression studies and functional study on transgenic line. RESULTS The evolutionary relationship of 52 ClMYBs with those from Arabidopsis thaliana, Eucalyptus grandis, Populus trichocarpa, Oryza sativa, two gymnosperm species, Pinus taeda, and Picea glauca were established by neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis. A large number of ClMYBs resided in the woody-expanded subgroups that predominated with the members from woody dicots. In contrast, the woody-preferential subgroup strictly carrying the members of woody dicots contained only one candidate. The results suggest that the woody-expanded subgroup emerges before the gymnosperm/angiosperm split, while most of the woody-preferential subgroups are likely lineage-specific to woody dicots. Nine candidates shared the same subgroups with the A. thaliana orthologs, with known function in regulating secondary wall development. Gene expression analysis inferred that ClMYB1/2/3/4/5/26/27/49/51 might participate in secondary wall development, among which ClMYB1/2/5/26/27/49 were significantly upregulated in the highly lignified compression wood region, reinforcing their regulatory role associated with secondary wall development. ClMYB1 was experimentally proven a transcriptional activator that localised in the nucleus. The overexpression of ClMYB1 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increased lignin deposition in the stems. The members of subgroup S4, ClMYB3/4/5 shared the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif with AtMYB4, which is known to repress the metabolism of phenylpropanoid derived compounds. They also carried a core motif specific to gymnosperm lineage, suggesting divergence of the regulatory process compared to the angiosperms. CONCLUSIONS This work will enrich the collection of full-length gymnosperm-specific R2R3-MYBs related to stem development and contribute to understanding their evolutionary relationship with angiosperm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebi Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Sun-Li Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Borah Priyanka
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Erpei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Kim MH, Cho JS, Bae EK, Choi YI, Eom SH, Lim YJ, Lee H, Park EJ, Ko JH. PtrMYB120 functions as a positive regulator of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic pathway in a hybrid poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2409-2423. [PMID: 34100089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both anthocyanins and lignins are essential secondary metabolites in plant growth and development. Their biosynthesis is metabolically interconnected and diverges in the central metabolite 4-coumaroyl CoA of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Considerable progress has been made in understanding transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lignin and anthocyanin synthesis pathways, but the concerted regulation of these pathways is not yet fully understood. Here, we functionally characterized PtrMYB120, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor from Populus trichocarpa. Overexpression of PtrMYB120 in a hybrid poplar (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB120) was associated with increased anthocyanin (i.e., cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) accumulation and upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. However, transgenic poplars with dominant suppression of PtrMYB120 function achieved by fusing the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif to PtrMYB120 (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX) had a dramatic decrease in not only anthocyanin but also Klason lignin content with downregulation of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic genes. Indeed, 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX poplars had irregularly shaped xylem vessels with reduced S-lignin content in stems, which was proportionally related to the level of the introduced PtrMYB120-SRDX gene. Furthermore, protoplast-based transcriptional activation assay using the PtrMYB120-GR system suggested that PtrMYB120 directly regulates genes involved in both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis, including chalcone synthase and ferulate-5 hydroxylase. Interestingly, the saccharification efficiency of line #6 of 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX poplars, which had slightly reduced lignin content with a normal growth phenotype, was dramatically enhanced (>45%) by NaOH treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that PtrMYB120 functions as a positive regulator of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic pathways and can be targeted to enhance saccharification efficiency in woody perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Abio materials Co., Ltd., 7-44 Jamsil-gil, Cheonan 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Lim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Wang R, Xue Y, Fan J, Yao JL, Qin M, Lin T, Lian Q, Zhang M, Li X, Li J, Sun M, Song B, Zhang J, Zhao K, Chen X, Hu H, Fei Z, Xue C, Wu J. A systems genetics approach reveals PbrNSC as a regulator of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit. Genome Biol 2021; 22:313. [PMID: 34776004 PMCID: PMC8590786 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stone cells in fruits of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) negatively influence fruit quality because their lignified cell walls impart a coarse and granular texture to the fruit flesh. RESULTS We generate RNA-seq data from the developing fruits of 206 pear cultivars with a wide range of stone cell contents and use a systems genetics approach to integrate co-expression networks and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) to characterize the regulatory mechanisms controlling lignocellulose formation in the stone cells of pear fruits. Our data with a total of 35,897 expressed genes and 974,404 SNPs support the identification of seven stone cell formation modules and the detection of 139,515 eQTLs for 3229 genes in these modules. Focusing on regulatory factors and using a co-expression network comprising 39 structural genes, we identify PbrNSC as a candidate regulator of stone cell formation. We then verify the function of PbrNSC in regulating lignocellulose formation using both pear fruit and Arabidopsis plants and further show that PbrNSC can transcriptionally activate multiple target genes involved in secondary cell wall formation. CONCLUSIONS This study generates a large resource for studying stone cell formation and provides insights into gene regulatory networks controlling the formation of stone cell and lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongsong Xue
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Mengfan Qin
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Lian
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bobo Song
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kejiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongju Hu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lo S, Parker T, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Berny-Mier Y Teran JC, Jernstedt J, Close TJ, Gepts P. Genetic, anatomical, and environmental patterns related to pod shattering resistance in domesticated cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6219-6229. [PMID: 34106233 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pod shattering, which causes the explosive release of seeds from the pod, is one of the main sources of yield losses in cowpea in arid and semi-arid areas. Reduction of shattering has therefore been a primary target for selection during domestication and improvement of cowpea, among other species. Using a mini-core diversity panel of 368 cowpea accessions, four regions with a statistically significant association with pod shattering were identified. Two genes (Vigun03g321100 and Vigun11g100600), involved in cell wall biosynthesis, were identified as strong candidates for pod shattering. Microscopic analysis was conducted on a subset of accessions representing the full spectrum of shattering phenotypes. This analysis indicated that the extent of wall fiber deposition was highly correlated with shattering. The results from this study also demonstrate that pod shattering in cowpea is exacerbated by arid environmental conditions. Finally, using a subset of West African landraces, patterns of historical selection for shattering resistance related to precipitation in the environment of origin were identified. Together, these results shed light on sources of resistance to pod shattering, which will, in turn, improve climate resilience of a major global nutritional staple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sassoum Lo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780,USA
| | - Travis Parker
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780,USA
| | - María Muñoz-Amatriaín
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523,USA
| | | | - Judy Jernstedt
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780,USA
| | - Timothy J Close
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - Paul Gepts
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780,USA
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Kamon E, Noda C, Higaki T, Demura T, Ohtani M. Calcium signaling contributes to xylem vessel cell differentiation via post-transcriptional regulation of VND7 downstream events. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:331-337. [PMID: 34782820 PMCID: PMC8562575 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell walls (SCWs) accumulate in specific cell types of vascular plants, notably xylem vessel cells. Previous work has shown that calcium ions (Ca2+) participate in xylem vessel cell differentiation, but whether they function in SCW deposition remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Ca2+ in SCW deposition during xylem vessel cell differentiation using Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells carrying the VND7-inducible system, in which VND7 activity can be post-translationally upregulated to induce transdifferentiation into protoxylem-type vessel cells. We observed that extracellular Ca2+ concentration was a crucial determinant of differentiation, although it did not have consistent effects on the transcription of VND7-downstream genes as a whole. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration reduced differentiation but the cells could generate the spiral patterning of SCWs. Exposure to a calcium-channel inhibitor partly restored differentiation but resulted in abnormal branched and net-like SCW patterning. These data suggest that Ca2+ signaling participates in xylem vessel cell differentiation via post-transcriptional regulation of VND7-downstream events, such as patterning of SCW deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kamon
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Chihiro Noda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Uncovering miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Modules in Developing Xylem of Pinus massoniana via Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810154. [PMID: 34576316 PMCID: PMC8472836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylem is required for the growth and development of higher plants to provide water and mineral elements. The thickening of the xylem secondary cell wall (SCW) not only improves plant survival, but also provides raw materials for industrial production. Numerous studies have found that transcription factors and non-coding RNAs regulate the process of SCW thickening. Pinus massoniana is an important woody tree species in China and is widely used to produce materials for construction, furniture, and packaging. However, the target genes of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the developing xylem of P. massoniana are not known. In this study, a total of 25 conserved miRNAs and 173 novel miRNAs were identified via small RNA sequencing, and 58 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between the developing xylem (PM_X) and protoplasts isolated from the developing xylem (PM_XP); 26 of these miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in PM_XP compared with PM_X, and 32 were significantly down-regulated. A total of 153 target genes of 20 conserved miRNAs and 712 target genes of 113 novel miRNAs were verified by degradome sequencing. There may be conserved miRNA-mRNA modules (miRNA-MYB, miRNA-ARF, and miRNA-LAC) involved in softwood and hardwood formation. The results of qRT-PCR-based parallel validation were in relatively high agreement. This study explored the potential regulatory network of miRNAs in the developing xylem of P. massoniana and provides new insights into wood formation in coniferous species.
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Yu D, Janz D, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Chen S, Polle A. Wood Formation under Severe Drought Invokes Adjustment of the Hormonal and Transcriptional Landscape in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9899. [PMID: 34576062 PMCID: PMC8493802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental stress that exerts negative effects on plant growth. In trees, drought leads to reduced secondary growth and altered wood anatomy. The mechanisms underlying wood stress adaptation are not well understood. Here, we investigated the physiological, anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptional responses of poplar to strong drought. Drought-stressed xylem was characterized by higher vessel frequencies, smaller vessel lumina, and thicker secondary fiber cell walls. These changes were accompanied by strong increases in abscisic acid (ABA) and antagonistic changes in salicylic acid in wood. Transcriptional evidence supported ABA biosynthesis and signaling in wood. Since ABA signaling activates the fiber-thickening factor NST1, we expected upregulation of the secondary cell wall (SCW) cascade under stress. By contrast, transcription factors and biosynthesis genes for SCW formation were down-regulated, whereas a small set of cellulose synthase-like genes and a huge array of genes involved in cell wall modification were up-regulated in drought-stressed wood. Therefore, we suggest that ABA signaling monitors normal SCW biosynthesis and that drought causes a switch from normal to "stress wood" formation recruiting a dedicated set of genes for cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling. This proposition implies that drought-induced changes in cell wall properties underlie regulatory mechanisms distinct from those of normal wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dade Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (C.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Li H, Ghoto K, Wei MY, Gao CH, Liu YL, Ma DN, Zheng HL. Unraveling hydrogen sulfide-promoted lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata: insight into regulatory mechanism by TMT-based quantitative proteomic approaches. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1749-1766. [PMID: 33580961 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are the main intertidal ecosystems with varieties of root types along the tropical and subtropical coastlines around the world. The typical characteristics of mangrove habitats, including the abundant organic matter and nutrients, as well as the strong reductive environment, are favor for the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, as a pivotal signaling molecule, has been evidenced in a wide variety of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, whether H2S functions in the mangrove root system establishment is not clear yet. Here, we reported the possible role of H2S in regulation of Kandelia obovata root development and growth by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approaches coupled with bioinformatic methods. The results showed that H2S could induce the root morphogenesis of K. obovata in a dose-dependent manner. The proteomic results successfully identified 8075 proteins, and 697 were determined as differentially expressed proteins. Based on the functional enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that H2S could promote the lateral root development and growth by predominantly regulating the proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other antioxidant associated proteins. In addition, transcriptional regulation and brassinosteroid signal transduction associated proteins also act as important roles in lateral root development. The protein-protein interaction analysis further unravels a complicated regulation network of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular redox homeostasis, protein metabolism, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in H2S-promoted root development and growth of K. obovata. Overall, our results revealed that H2S could contribute to the morphogenesis of the unique root system of mangrove plant K. obovata, and play a positive role in the adaption of mangrove plants to intertidal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Kabir Ghoto
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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Cho JS, Kim MH, Bae EK, Choi YI, Jeon HW, Han KH, Ko JH. Field evaluation of transgenic hybrid poplars with desirable wood properties and enhanced growth for biofuel production by bicistronic expression of PdGA20ox1 and PtrMYB3 in wood-forming tissue. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:177. [PMID: 34493336 PMCID: PMC8425128 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To create an ideotype woody bioenergy crop with desirable growth and biomass properties, we utilized the viral 2A-meidated bicistronic expression strategy to express both PtrMYB3 (MYB46 ortholog of Populus trichocarpa, a master regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis) and PdGA20ox1 (a GA20-oxidase from Pinus densiflora that produces gibberellins) in wood-forming tissue (i.e., developing xylem). RESULTS Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the gene construct DX15::PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB3 showed a significant increase in both stem fresh weight (threefold) and secondary wall thickening (1.27-fold) relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Transgenic poplars harboring the same gene construct grown in a greenhouse for 60 days had a stem fresh weight up to 2.6-fold greater than that of WT plants. In a living modified organism (LMO) field test conducted for 3 months of active growing season, the stem height and diameter growth of the transgenic poplars were 1.7- and 1.6-fold higher than those of WT plants, respectively, with minimal adverse growth defects. Although no significant changes in secondary wall thickening of the stem tissue of the transgenic poplars were observed, cellulose content was increased up to 14.4 wt% compared to WT, resulting in improved saccharification efficiency of the transgenic poplars. Moreover, enhanced woody biomass production by the transgenic poplars was further validated by re-planting in the same LMO field for additional two growing seasons. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results show considerably enhanced wood formation of our transgenic poplars, with improved wood quality for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Abio Materials Co., Ltd, Cheonan, 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 441-847, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 441-847, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Woo Jeon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, USA.
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Yao T, Feng K, Xie M, Barros J, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen JG. Phylogenetic Occurrence of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704697. [PMID: 34484267 PMCID: PMC8416159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants and provides precursors for lignin biosynthesis. Lignin first appeared in tracheophytes and has been hypothesized to have played pivotal roles in land plant colonization. In this review, we summarize recent progress in defining the lignin biosynthetic pathway in lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. In particular, we review the key structural genes involved in p-hydroxyphenyl-, guaiacyl-, and syringyl-lignin biosynthesis across plant taxa and consider and integrate new insights on major transcription factors, such as NACs and MYBs. We also review insight regarding a new transcriptional regulator, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, canonically identified as a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway. We use several case studies, including EPSP synthase, to illustrate the evolution processes of gene duplication and neo-functionalization in lignin biosynthesis. This review provides new insights into the genetic engineering of the lignin biosynthetic pathway to overcome biomass recalcitrance in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yao
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kai Feng
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Meng Xie
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jaime Barros
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Wang R, Reng M, Tian S, Liu C, Cheng H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Saqib M, Wei H, Wei Z. Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of microRNAs in diverse phases of wood formation in Populus trichocarpa. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab195. [PMID: 34849817 PMCID: PMC8633455 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We applied miRNA expression profiling method to Populus trichocarpa stems of the three developmental stages, primary stem (PS), transitional stem (TS), and secondary stem (SS), to investigate miRNA species and their regulation on lignocellulosic synthesis and related processes. We obtained 892, 872, and 882 known miRNAs and 1727, 1723, and 1597 novel miRNAs, from PS, TS, and SS, respectively. Comparisons of these miRNA species among different developmental stages led to the identification of 114, 306, and 152 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), which had 921, 2639, and 2042 candidate target genes (CTGs) in the three respective stages of the same order. Correlation analysis revealed 47, 439, and 71 DE-miRNA-CTG pairs of high negative correlation in PS, TS, and SS, respectively. Through biological process analysis, we finally identified 34, 6, and 76 miRNA-CTG pairs from PS, TS, and SS, respectively, and the miRNA target genes in these pairs regulate or participate lignocellulosic biosynthesis-related biological processes: cell division and differentiation, cell wall modification, secondary cell wall biosynthesis, lignification, and programmed cell death processes. This is the first report on an integrated analysis of genome-wide mRNA and miRNA profilings during multiple phases of poplar stem development. Our analysis results imply that individual miRNAs modulate secondary growth and lignocellulosic biosynthesis through regulating transcription factors and lignocellulosic biosynthetic pathway genes, resulting in more dynamic promotion, suppression, or regulatory circuits. This study advanced our understanding of many individual miRNAs and their essential, diversified roles in the dynamic regulation of secondary growth in woody tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengxuan Reng
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuanghui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China
| | - He Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huaxin Zhang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resource and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton MI49931, USA
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Zhong R, Lee C, Haghighat M, Ye ZH. Xylem vessel-specific SND5 and its homologs regulate secondary wall biosynthesis through activating secondary wall NAC binding elements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1496-1509. [PMID: 33908063 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell wall biosynthesis has been shown to be regulated by a suite of transcription factors. Here, we identified a new xylem vessel-specific NAC domain transcription factor, secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein5 (SND5), in Arabidopsis thaliana and studied its role in regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. We showed that the expression of SND5 and its close homolog, SND4/ANAC075, was specifically associated with secondary wall-containing cells and dominant repression of their functions severely reduced secondary wall thickening in these cells. Overexpression of SND4/5 as well as their homologs SND2/3 fused with the activation domain of the viral protein VP16 led to ectopic secondary wall deposition in cells that are normally parenchymatous. SND2/3/4/5 regulated the expression of the same downstream target genes as do the secondary wall NAC master switches (SWNs) by binding to and activating the secondary wall NAC binding elements (SNBEs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the poplar (Populus trichocarpa) orthologs of SND2/3/4/5 also activated SNBEs and regulated secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation. Together, these findings indicate that SND2/3/4/5 and their poplar orthologs regulate the expression of secondary wall-associated genes through activating SNBEs and they are positioned at an upper level in the SWN-mediated transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Marziyeh Haghighat
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Kim MH, Tran TNA, Cho JS, Park EJ, Lee H, Kim DG, Hwang S, Ko JH. Wood transcriptome analysis of Pinus densiflora identifies genes critical for secondary cell wall formation and NAC transcription factors involved in tracheid formation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1289-1305. [PMID: 33440425 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although conifers have significant ecological and economic value, information on transcriptional regulation of wood formation in conifers is still limited. Here, to gain insight into secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis and tracheid formation in conifers, we performed wood tissue-specific transcriptome analyses of Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) using RNA sequencing. In addition, to obtain full-length transcriptome information, PacBio single molecule real-time iso-sequencing was carried out using RNAs from 28 tissues of P. densiflora. Subsequent comparative tissue-specific transcriptome analysis successfully pinpointed critical genes encoding key proteins involved in biosynthesis of the major secondary wall components (cellulose, galactoglucomannan, xylan and lignin). Furthermore, we predicted a total of 62 NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) family transcription factor members and identified seven PdeNAC genes preferentially expressed in developing xylem tissues in P. densiflora. Protoplast-based transcriptional activation analysis found that four PdeNAC genes, homologous to VND, NST and SND/ANAC075, upregulated GUS activity driven by an SCW-specific cellulose synthase promoter. Consistently, transient overexpression of the four PdeNACs induced xylem vessel cell-like SCW deposition in both tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and Arabidopsis leaves. Taken together, our data provide a foundation for further research to unravel transcriptional regulation of wood formation in conifers, especially SCW formation and tracheid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Tran
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gwan Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Yaya Lancheros ML, Rai KM, Balasubramanian VK, Dampanaboina L, Mendu V, Terán W. De novo transcriptome analysis of white teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb) wood reveals critical genes involved in xylem development and secondary metabolism. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:494. [PMID: 34215181 PMCID: PMC8252223 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gmelina arborea Roxb is a fast-growing tree species of commercial importance for tropical countries due to multiple industrial uses of its wood. Wood is primarily composed of thick secondary cell walls of xylem cells which imparts the strength to the wood. Identification of the genes involved in the secondary cell wall biosynthesis as well as their cognate regulators is crucial to understand how the production of wood occurs and serves as a starting point for developing breeding strategies to produce varieties with improved wood quality, better paper pulping or new potential uses such as biofuel production. In order to gain knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and gene regulation related with wood development in white teak, a de novo sequencing and transcriptome assembly approach was used employing secondary cell wall synthesizing cells from young white teak trees. RESULTS For generation of transcriptome, RNA-seq reads were assembled into 110,992 transcripts and 49,364 genes were functionally annotated using plant databases; 5071 GO terms and 25,460 SSR markers were identified within xylem transcripts and 10,256 unigenes were assigned to KEGG database in 130 pathways. Among transcription factor families, C2H2, C3H, bLHLH and MYB were the most represented in xylem. Differential gene expression analysis using leaves as a reference was carried out and a total of 20,954 differentially expressed genes were identified including monolignol biosynthetic pathway genes. The differential expression of selected genes (4CL, COMT, CCoAOMT, CCR and NST1) was validated using qPCR. CONCLUSIONS We report the very first de novo transcriptome of xylem-related genes in this tropical timber species of commercial importance and constitutes a valuable extension of the publicly available transcriptomic resource aimed at fostering both basic and breeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Yaya Lancheros
- Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 N° 43-82, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Krishan Mohan Rai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lavanya Dampanaboina
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Wilson Terán
- Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 N° 43-82, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia.
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Qu G, Peng D, Yu Z, Chen X, Cheng X, Yang Y, Ye T, Lv Q, Ji W, Deng X, Zhou B. Advances in the role of auxin for transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:743-754. [PMID: 33663680 DOI: 10.1071/fp20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural polymer interlaced with cellulose and hemicellulose in secondary cell walls (SCWs). Auxin acts via its signalling transduction to regulate most of plant physiological processes. Lignification responds to auxin signals likewise and affects the development of anther and secondary xylem in plants. In this review, the research advances of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)-dependent signalling pathways regulating lignin formation are discussed in detail. In an effort to facilitate the understanding of several key regulators in this process, we present a regulatory framework that comprises protein-protein interactions at the top and protein-gene regulation divided into five tiers. This characterises the regulatory roles of auxin in lignin biosynthesis and links auxin signalling transduction to transcriptional cascade of lignin biosynthesis. Our works further point to several of significant problems that need to be resolved in the future to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which auxin regulates lignin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyi Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ziqin Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Xinling Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Xinrui Cheng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Youzhen Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjun Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology; 410004, Changsha, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107, China; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan Changsha, 410004, China; and Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China; and Corresponding author.
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Reeger JE, Wheatley M, Yang Y, Brown KM. Targeted mutation of transcription factor genes alters metaxylem vessel size and number in rice roots. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00328. [PMID: 34142002 PMCID: PMC8204146 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root metaxylem vessels are responsible for axial water transport and contribute to hydraulic architecture. Variation in metaxylem vessel size and number can impact drought tolerance in crop plants, including rice, a crop that is particularly sensitive to drought. Identifying and validating candidate genes for metaxylem development would aid breeding efforts for improved varieties for drought tolerance. We identified three transcription factor candidate genes that potentially regulate metaxylem vessel size and number in rice based on orthologous annotations, published expression data, and available root and drought-related QTL data. Single gene knockout mutants were generated for each candidate using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Root metaxylem vessel area and number were analyzed in 6-week-old knockout mutants and wild-type plants under well-watered and drought conditions in the greenhouse. Compared with wild type, LONESOME HIGHWAY (OsLHW) mutants had fewer, smaller metaxylem vessels in shallow roots and more, larger vessels in deep roots in drought conditions, indicating that OsLHW may be a repressor of drought-induced metaxylem plasticity. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 15 mutants showed fewer but larger metaxylem vessel area in well-watered conditions, but phenotypes were inconsistent under drought treatment. ORYZA SATIVA HOMEBOX 6 (OSH6) mutants had fewer, smaller metaxylem vessels in well-watered conditions with greater effects on xylem number than size. OSH6 mutants had larger shoots and more, deeper roots than the wild type in well-watered conditions, but there were no differences in performance under drought between mutants and wild type. Though these candidate gene mutants did not exhibit large phenotypic effects, the identification and investigation of candidate genes related to metaxylem traits in rice deepen our understanding of metaxylem development and are needed to facilitate incorporation of favorable alleles into breeding populations to improve drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. Reeger
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant BiologyHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Matthew Wheatley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyHuck Institute of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyHuck Institute of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Brown
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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Shi J, Zhang Q, Yan X, Zhang D, Zhou Q, Shen Y, Anupol N, Wang X, Bao M, Larkin RM, Luo H, Ning G. A conservative pathway for coordination of cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle progression in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:630-648. [PMID: 33547692 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism that coordinates cell growth and cell cycle progression remains poorly understood; in particular, whether the cell cycle and cell wall biosynthesis are coordinated remains unclear. Recently, cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle progression were reported to respond to wounding. Nonetheless, no genes are reported to synchronize the biosynthesis of the cell wall and the cell cycle. Here, we report that wounding induces the expression of genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis and the cell cycle, and that two genes, AtMYB46 in Arabidopsis thaliana and RrMYB18 in Rosa rugosa, are induced by wounding. We found that AtMYB46 and RrMYB18 promote the biosynthesis of the cell wall by upregulating the expression of cell wall-associated genes, and that both of them also upregulate the expression of a battery of genes associated with cell cycle progression. Ultimately, this response leads to the development of curled leaves of reduced size. We also found that the coordination of cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle progression by AtMYB46 and RrMYB18 is evolutionarily conservative in multiple species. In accordance with wounding promoting cell regeneration by regulating the cell cycle, these findings also provide novel insight into the coordination between cell growth and cell cycle progression and a method for producing miniature plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Shi
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qunxia Zhang
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nachaisin Anupol
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, SC, 29634-0318, USA
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Hodgson-Kratky K, Perlo V, Furtado A, Choudhary H, Gladden JM, Simmons BA, Botha F, Henry RJ. Association of gene expression with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio in sugarcane lignin. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:173-192. [PMID: 33738678 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A transcriptome analysis reveals the transcripts and alleles differentially expressed in sugarcane genotypes with contrasting lignin composition. Sugarcane bagasse is a highly abundant resource that may be used as a feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts in order to meet increasing demands for renewable replacements for fossil carbon. However, lignin imparts rigidity to the cell wall that impedes the efficient breakdown of the biomass into fermentable sugars. Altering the ratio of the lignin units, syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G), which comprise the native lignin polymer in sugarcane, may facilitate the processing of bagasse. This study aimed to identify genes and markers associated with S/G ratio in order to accelerate the development of sugarcane bioenergy varieties with modified lignin composition. The transcriptome sequences of 12 sugarcane genotypes that contrasted for S/G ratio were compared and there were 2019 transcripts identified as differentially expressed (DE) between the high and low S/G ratio groups. These included transcripts encoding possible monolignol biosynthetic pathway enzymes, transporters, dirigent proteins and transcriptional and post-translational regulators. Furthermore, the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared between the low and high S/G ratio groups to identify specific alleles expressed with the phenotype. There were 2063 SNP loci across 787 unique transcripts that showed group-specific expression. Overall, the DE transcripts and SNP alleles identified in this study may be valuable for breeding sugarcane varieties with altered S/G ratio that may provide desirable bioenergy traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hodgson-Kratky
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - V Perlo
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - A Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - H Choudhary
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - J M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B A Simmons
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - F Botha
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - R J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Nakata MT, Sakamoto S, Nuoendagula, Kajita S, Mitsuda N. Fiber Cell-Specific Expression of the VP16-Fused Ethylene Response Factor 41 Protein Increases Biomass Yield and Alters Lignin Composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:654655. [PMID: 33995450 PMCID: PMC8121085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.654655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors belonging to the ERFIIId and ERFIIIe subclade (ERFIIId/e) of the APETALA 2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family enhance primary cell wall (PCW) formation. These transcription factors activate expression of genes encoding PCW-type cellulose synthase (CESA) subunits and other genes for PCW biosynthesis. In this study, we show that fiber-specific expression of ERF035-VP16 and ERF041-VP16, which are VP16-fused proteins of ERFIIId/e members, promote cell wall thickening in a wild-type background with a concomitant increase of alcohol insoluble residues (cell wall content) per fresh weight (FW) and monosaccharides related to the PCW without affecting plant growth. Furthermore, in the ERF041-VP16 lines, the total amount of lignin and the syringyl (S)/guaiacyl (G) ratio decreased, and the enzymatic saccharification yield of glucose from cellulose per fresh weight improved. In these lines, PCW-type CESA genes were upregulated and ferulate 5-hydropxylase1 (F5H1), which is necessary for production of the S unit lignin, was downregulated. In addition, various changes in the expression levels of transcription factors regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) formation were observed. In conclusion, fiber cell-specific ERF041-VP16 improves biomass yield, increases PCW components, and alters lignin composition and deposition and may be suitable for use in future molecular breeding programs of biomass crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki T. Nakata
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Smart CO2 Utilization Research Team, Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nuoendagula
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Japan
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Smart CO2 Utilization Research Team, Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Seasonal Gene Expression and Regulation during Xylem Development in “Shanxin” Hybrid Poplar (Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana). FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Xylem development is a key process for wood formation in woody plants. To study the molecular regulatory mechanisms related to xylem development in hybrid poplar P. davidiana × P. bolleana, transcriptome analyses were conducted on developing xylem at six different growth stages within a single growing season. Xylem development and differentially expressed genes in the six time points were selected for a regulatory analysis. Xylem development was observed in stem sections at different growth stages, which showed that xylem development extended from the middle of April to early August and included cell expansion and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. An RNA-seq analysis of six samples with three replicates was performed. After transcriptome assembly and annotation, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and expression analysis of the DEGs were performed on each sample. On average, we obtained >20 million clean reads per sample, which were assembled into 84,733 nonredundant transcripts, of which there were 17,603 unigenes with lengths >1 kb. There were 14,890 genes that were differentially expressed among the six stages. The upregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to cell wall biosynthesis between S1 vs. S2 or S3 vs. S4 and, in GO terms, related to phytohormones in the S1 vs. S2 or S4 vs. S5 comparisons. The downregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to cell wall biosynthesis between S4 vs. S5 or S5 vs. S6 and, in GO terms, related to hormones between S1 vs. S2 or S2 vs. S3. The KEGG pathways in the DEGs related to “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “plant hormone signal transduction” and “starch and sucrose metabolism” were significantly enriched among the different stages. The DEGs related to cell expansion, polysaccharide metabolism and synthesis, lignin synthesis, transcription factors and hormones were identified. The identification of genes involved in the regulation of xylem development will increase our understanding of the molecular regulation of wood formation in trees and, also, offers potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve the properties of wood.
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49
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Im JH, Ko JH, Kim WC, Crain B, Keathley D, Han KH. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 negatively regulates secondary wall biosynthesis by modulating MYB46 protein stability in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009510. [PMID: 33826618 PMCID: PMC8055014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB46 functions as a master switch for secondary cell wall biosynthesis, ensuring the exquisite expression of the secondary wall biosynthetic genes in the tissues where secondary walls are critical for growth and development. At the same time, suppression of its function is needed when/where formation of secondary walls is not desirable. Little is known about how this opposing control of secondary cell wall formation is achieved. We used both transient and transgenic expression of MYB46 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) to investigate the molecular mechanism of the post-translational regulation of MYB46. We show that MYB46 is phosphorylated by MPK6, leading to site specific phosphorylation-dependent degradation of MYB46 by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway. In addition, the MPK6-mediated MYB46 phosphorylation was found to regulate in planta secondary wall forming function of MYB46. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidences that MYB83, a paralog of MYB46, is not regulated by MPK6. The coupling of MPK signaling to MYB46 function provides insights into the tissue- and/or condition-specific activity of MYB46 for secondary wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (J-HK); (K-HH)
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent Crain
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel Keathley
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (J-HK); (K-HH)
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50
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Xiao R, Zhang C, Guo X, Li H, Lu H. MYB Transcription Factors and Its Regulation in Secondary Cell Wall Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis during Xylem Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3560. [PMID: 33808132 PMCID: PMC8037110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or indirectly with cellulose, xylan and other polysaccharide molecules in the cell wall, increasing the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of plant cells and tissues and facilitating the long-distance transportation of water in plants. MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) belong to one of the largest superfamilies of transcription factors, the members of which regulate secondary cell-wall formation by promoting/inhibiting the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Among them, MYB46 and MYB83, which comprise the second layer of the main switch of secondary cell-wall biosynthesis, coordinate upstream and downstream secondary wall synthesis-related transcription factors. In addition, MYB transcription factors other than MYB46/83, as well as noncoding RNAs, hormones, and other factors, interact with one another to regulate the biosynthesis of the secondary wall. Here, we discuss the biosynthesis of secondary wall, classification and functions of MYB transcription factors and their regulation of lignin polymerization and secondary cell-wall formation during wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.X.); (H.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.X.); (H.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.X.); (H.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.)
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