1
|
Zhang J, Xie M, Yu G, Wang D, Xu Z, Liang L, Xiao J, Xie Y, Tang Y, Sun G, Sun B, Huang Z, Lai Y, Li H. CaSPDS, a Spermidine Synthase Gene from Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.), Plays an Important Role in Response to Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055013. [PMID: 36902443 PMCID: PMC10003509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermidine synthase (SPDS) is a key enzyme in the polyamine anabolic pathway. SPDS genes help regulate plant response to environmental stresses, but their roles in pepper remain unclear. In this study, we identified and cloned a SPDS gene from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), named CaSPDS (LOC107847831). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that CaSPDS contains two highly conserved domains: an SPDS tetramerisation domain and a spermine/SPDS domain. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that CaSPDS was highly expressed in the stems, flowers, and mature fruits of pepper and was rapidly induced by cold stress. The function of CaSPDS in cold stress response was studied by silencing and overexpressing it in pepper and Arabidopsis, respectively. Cold injury was more serious and reactive oxygen species levels were greater in the CaSPDS-silenced seedlings than in the wild-type (WT) seedlings after cold treatment. Compared with the WT plants, the CaSPDS-overexpression Arabidopsis plants were more tolerant to cold stress and showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities, spermidine content, and cold-responsive gene (AtCOR15A, AtRD29A, AtCOR47, and AtKIN1) expression. These results indicate that CaSPDS plays important roles in cold stress response and is valuable in molecular breeding to enhance the cold tolerance of pepper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Minghui Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guofeng Yu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Le Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunsong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu L, Liu X, Zhang MY, Qi KJ, Jiang XT, Yao JL, Zhang SL, Gu C. Self S-RNase inhibits ABF-LRX signaling to arrest pollen tube growth to achieve self-incompatibility in pear. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:595-609. [PMID: 36545801 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) has been widely studied in flowering plants, but studies of the mechanisms underlying pollen tube growth arrest by self S-RNase in GSI species are limited. In the present study, two leucine-rich repeat extensin genes in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2, were identified based on transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. The expression levels of these two LRX genes were significantly higher in the pollen grains and pollen tubes of the self-compatible cultivar 'Jinzhui' (harboring a spontaneous bud mutation) than in those of the self-incompatible cultivar 'Yali'. Both PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 stimulated pollen tube growth and attenuated the inhibitory effects of self S-RNase on pollen tube growth by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton and enhancing cell wall integrity. These results indicate that abnormal expression of PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 is involved in the loss of self-incompatibility in 'Jinzhui'. The PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 promoters were directly bound by the ABRE-binding factor PbABF.D.2. Knockdown of PbABF.D.2 decreased PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 expression and inhibited pollen tube growth. Notably, the expression of PbLRXA2.1, PbLRXA2.2, and PbABF.D.2 was repressed by self S-RNase, suggesting that self S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth by restricting the PbABF.D.2-PbLRXA2.1/PbLRXA2.2 signal cascade. These results provide novel insight into pollen tube growth arrest by self S-RNase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Jie Qi
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Ting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Podia V, Chatzopoulos D, Milioni D, Stravopodis DJ, Dervisi I, Roussis A, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA, Haralampidis K. GUS Reporter-Aided Promoter Deletion Analysis of A. thaliana POLYAMINE OXIDASE 3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032317. [PMID: 36768644 PMCID: PMC9916862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) have been correlated with numerous physiological and developmental processes, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Their transcriptional regulation is driven by signals generated by various developmental and environmental cues, including phytohormones. However, the inductive mechanism(s) of the corresponding genes remains elusive. Out of the five previously characterized Arabidopsis PAO genes, none of their regulatory sequences have been analyzed to date. In this study, a GUS reporter-aided promoter deletion approach was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of AtPAO3 during normal growth and development as well as under various inductive environments. AtPAO3 contains an upstream open reading frame (uORF) and a short inter-cistronic sequence, while the integrity of both appears to be crucial for the proper regulation of gene expression. The full-length promoter contains several cis-acting elements that regulate the tissue-specific expression of AtPAO3 during normal growth and development. Furthermore, a number of TFBS that are involved in gene induction under various abiotic stress conditions display an additive effect on gene expression. Taken together, our data indicate that the transcription of AtPAO3 is regulated by multiple environmental factors, which probably work alongside hormonal signals and shed light on the fine-tuning mechanisms of PAO regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Podia
- Section of Botany, Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Chatzopoulos
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Milioni
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J. Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Dervisi
- Section of Botany, Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Roussis
- Section of Botany, Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Section of Botany, Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0030-2107274131
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polyamine Oxidase-Generated Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Development and Adaptation: The Polyamine Oxidase-NADPH Oxidase Nexus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122488. [PMID: 36552696 PMCID: PMC9774701 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and regulation of cellular polyamine levels are crucial for living cells to maintain their homeostasis and function. Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) terminally catabolize polyamines or catalyse the back-conversion reactions when spermine is converted to spermidine and Spd to putrescine. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a by-product of both the catabolic and back-conversion processes. Pharmacological and genetic approaches have started to uncover the roles of PAO-generated H2O2 in various plant developmental and adaptation processes such as cell differentiation, senescence, programmed cell death, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. Many of these studies have revealed that the superoxide-generating Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) NADPH oxidases control the same processes either upstream or downstream of PAO action. Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that the two enzymes co-ordinately control the cellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. The intricate relationship between PAOs and RBOHs is also discussed, posing the hypothesis that these enzymes indirectly control each other's abundance/function via H2O2.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Zhu M, Liu W, Jahan MS, Gu Q, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. CsPAO2 Improves Salt Tolerance of Cucumber through the Interaction with CsPSA3 by Affecting Photosynthesis and Polyamine Conversion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12413. [PMID: 36293280 PMCID: PMC9604536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are key enzymes in polyamine metabolism and are related to the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. In this study, overexpression of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) PAO2 (CsPAO2) in Arabidopsis resulted in increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme and accelerated conversion from Put to Spd and Spm, while malondialdehyde content (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) was decreased when compared with wild type, leading to enhanced plant growth under salt stress. Photosystem Ⅰ assembly 3 in cucumber (CsPSA3) was revealed as an interacting protein of CsPAO2 by screening yeast two-hybrid library combined with in vitro and in vivo methods. Then, CsPAO2 and CsPSA3 were silenced in cucumber via virus-mediated gene silencing (VIGS) with pV190 as the empty vector. Under salt stress, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of CsPAO2-silencing plants were lower than pV190-silencing plants, and EL in root was higher than pV190-silencing plants, indicating that CsPAO2-silencing plants suffered more serious salt stress damage. However, photosynthetic parameters of CsPSA3-silencing plants were all higher than those of CsPAO2 and pV190-silencing plants, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis process. Moreover, CsPSA3 silencing reduced the EL in both leaves and roots when compared with CsPAO2-silencing plants, but the EL only in leaves was significantly lower than the other two gene-silencing plants, and conversion from Put to Spd and Spm in leaf was also promoted, suggesting that CsPSA3 interacts with CsPAO2 in leaves to participate in the regulation of salt tolerance through photosynthesis and polyamine conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Liang L, Xiao J, Xie Y, Zhu L, Xue X, Xu L, Zhou P, Ran J, Huang Z, Sun G, Lai Y, Sun B, Tang Y, Li H. Genome-Wide Identification of Polyamine Oxidase (PAO) Family Genes: Roles of CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 in the Cold Tolerance of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179999. [PMID: 36077395 PMCID: PMC9456136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine oxidases (PAOs), which are flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes, catalyze polyamine (PA) catabolism, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Several PAO family members have been identified in plants, but their expression in pepper plants remains unclear. Here, six PAO genes were identified in the ‘Zunla-1’ pepper genome (named CaPAO1–CaPAO6 according to their chromosomal positions). The PAO proteins were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetics: CaPAO1 belongs to subfamily I; CaPAO3 and CaPAO5 belong to subfamily III; and CaPAO2, CaPAO4, and CaPAO6 belong to subfamily IV (none belong to subfamily II). CaPAO2, CaPAO4, and CaPAO6 were ubiquitously and highly expressed in all tissues, CaPAO1 was mainly expressed in flowers, whereas CaPAO3 and CaPAO5 were expressed at very low levels in all tissues. RNA-seq analysis revealed that CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 were notably upregulated by cold stress. CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 were localized in the peroxisome, and spermine was the preferred substrate for PA catabolism. CaPAO2 and CaPAO4 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced freezing-stress tolerance by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and decreasing malondialdehyde, H2O2, and superoxide accumulation, accompanied by the upregulation of cold-responsive genes (AtCOR15A, AtRD29A, AtCOR47, and AtKIN1). Thus, we identified candidate PAO genes for breeding cold-stress-tolerant transgenic pepper cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Le Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinru Xue
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peihan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianzhao Ran
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunsong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xi Y, Hu W, Zhou Y, Liu X, Qian Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of Polyamine Oxidase Genes in Maize Reveal Essential Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950064. [PMID: 35991458 PMCID: PMC9386529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) play a critical role in growth and developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that plays a major role in PA catabolism. Here, for the first time, PAO genes in maize were screened for the whole genome-wide and nine ZmPAO genes were identified in this study, named as ZmPAO1-9. Based on structural characteristics and a comparison of phylogenetic relationships of PAO gene families from seven representative species, all nine PAO proteins in maize were categorized into three distinct subfamilies. Further, chromosome location and schematic structure revealed an unevenly distribution on chromosomes and evolutionarily conserved structure features of ZmPAO genes in maize, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that ZmPAO genes showed differential expression patterns at diverse developmental stages of maize, suggesting that these genes may play functional developmental roles in multiple tissues. Further, through qRT-PCR validation, these genes were confirmed to be responsive to heat, drought and salinity stress treatments in three various tissues, indicating their potential roles in abiotic stress responses. Eventually, to verify the biological function of ZmPAO genes, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ZmPAO6 gene were constructed as a typical representative to explore functional roles in plants. The results demonstrated that overexpression of ZmPAO6 can confer enhanced heat tolerance through mediating polyamine catabolism in transgenic Arabidopsis, which might result in reduced H2O2 and MDA accumulation and alleviated chlorophyll degradation under heat stress treatment, indicating that ZmPAO6 may play a crucial role in enhancing heat tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis through the involvement in various physiological processes. Further, the expression analysis of related genes of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) demonstrated that ZmPAO6 can enhance heat resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis through modulating heat-induced H2O2 accumulation in polyamine catabolism. Taken together, our results are the first to report the ZmPAO6 gene response to heat stress in plants and will serve to present an important theoretical basis for further unraveling the function and regulatory mechanism of ZmPAO genes in growth, development and adaptation to abiotic stresses in maize.
Collapse
|
8
|
Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Breygina M, Schekaleva O, Klimenko E, Luneva O. The Balance between Different ROS on Tobacco Stigma during Flowering and Its Role in Pollen Germination. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070993. [PMID: 35406973 PMCID: PMC9003529 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of ROS as an important factor controlling pollen germination and tube growth has become generally accepted in the last decade. However, the relationship between various ROS and their significance for the success of in vivo germination and fertilization remained unexplored. For the present study, we collected Nicotiana tabacum stigma exudate on different stages of stigma maturity before and after pollination. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and colorimetric analysis were used to assess levels of O•2− and H2O2 on stigma. Superoxide dismutase activity in the stigma tissues at each stage was evaluated zymographically. As the pistil matured, the level of both ROS decreased markedly, while the activity of SOD increased, and, starting from the second stage, the enzyme was represented by two isozymes: Fe SOD and Cu/Zn SOD, which was demonstrated by the in-gel inhibitory analysis. Selective suppression of Cu/Zn SOD activity shifted the ROS balance, which was confirmed by EPR. This shift markedly reduced the rate of pollen germination in vivo and the fertilization efficiency, which was estimated by the seed set. This result showed that hydrogen peroxide is a necessary component of stigma exudate, accelerates germination and ensures successful reproduction. A decrease in O•2− production due to NADPH oxidase inhibition, although it slowed down germination, did not lead to a noticeable decrease in the seed set. Thus, the role of the superoxide radical can be characterized as less important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breygina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-939-1209
| | - Olga Schekaleva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Klimenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Oksana Luneva
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-24, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aloisi I, Piccini C, Cai G, Del Duca S. Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Chiara Piccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Translational and post-translational regulation of polyamine metabolic enzymes in plants. J Biotechnol 2021; 344:1-10. [PMID: 34915092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are small organic and basic polycations that perform essential regulatory functions in all living organisms. Fluctuations in polyamine content have been observed to occur during growth, development and under stress conditions, implying that polyamines play pivotal roles in diverse cellular and physiological processes. To achieve polyamine homeostasis, the entire metabolic pathway is subjected to a fine-tuned regulation of its biosynthetic and catabolic genes and enzymes. In this review, we describe and discuss the most important mechanisms implicated in the translational and post-translational regulation of polyamine metabolic enzymes in plants. At the translational level, we emphasize the role of polyamines in the modulation of upstream open reading frame (uORF) activities that control the translation of polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic mRNAs. At the post-translational level, different aspects of the regulation of polyamine metabolic proteins are depicted, such as the proteolytic activation of enzyme precursors, the importance of dimerization in protein stability as well as in protein intracellular localization.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu J, Wang B, Fan W, Fan S, Xu Y, Liu C, Lv T, Liu W, Wu L, Xian L, Li T. Polyamines Involved in Regulating Self-Incompatibility in Apple. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1797. [PMID: 34828403 PMCID: PMC8620888 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which self-S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth, leading to failure of fertilization. To date, there have been few studies on how to resist the toxicity of self-S-RNase. In this study, pollen tube polyamines were found to respond to self-S-RNase and help pollen tubes defend against self-S-RNase. In particular, the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase. Further analysis of gene expression of key enzymes in the synthesis and degradation pathways of polyamines found that the expression of DIAMINE OXIDASE 4 (MdDAO4) as well as several polyamine oxidases such as POLYAMINE OXIDASES 3 (MdPAO3), POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4 (MdPAO4), and POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6 (MdPAO6) were significantly up-regulated under self-S-RNase treatment, resulting in the reduction of polyamines. Silencing MdPAO6 in pollen tubes alleviates the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth. In addition, exogenous polyamines also enhance pollen tube resistance to self-S-RNase. Transcriptome sequencing data found that polyamines may communicate with S-RNase through the calcium signal pathway, thereby regulating the growth of the pollen tubes. To summarize, our results suggested that polyamines responded to the self-incompatibility reaction and could enhance pollen tube tolerance to S-RNase, thus providing a potential way to break self-incompatibility in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Baoan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Wenqi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Songbo Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Ya Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Institute of Pomology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yingkou 115009, China;
| | - Wanda Liu
- Horticultural Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, China;
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Linfeng Xian
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Tianzhong Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bibeau JP, Galotto G, Wu M, Tüzel E, Vidali L. Quantitative cell biology of tip growth in moss. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:227-244. [PMID: 33825083 PMCID: PMC8492783 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Here we review, from a quantitative point of view, the cell biology of protonemal tip growth in the model moss Physcomitrium patens. We focus on the role of the cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and cell wall mechanics, including reviewing some of the existing mathematical models of tip growth. We provide a primer for existing cell biological tools that can be applied to the future study of tip growth in moss. Polarized cell growth is a ubiquitous process throughout the plant kingdom in which the cell elongates in a self-similar manner. This process is important for nutrient uptake by root hairs, fertilization by pollen, and gametophyte development by the protonemata of bryophytes and ferns. In this review, we will focus on the tip growth of moss cells, emphasizing the role of cytoskeletal organization, cytoplasmic zonation, vesicle trafficking, cell wall composition, and dynamics. We compare some of the existing knowledge on tip growth in protonemata against what is known in pollen tubes and root hairs, which are better-studied tip growing cells. To fully understand how plant cells grow requires that we deepen our knowledge in a variety of forms of plant cell growth. We focus this review on the model plant Physcomitrium patens, which uses tip growth as the dominant form of growth at its protonemal stage. Because mosses and vascular plants shared a common ancestor more than 450 million years ago, we anticipate that both similarities and differences between tip growing plant cells will provide mechanistic information of tip growth as well as of plant cell growth in general. Towards this mechanistic understanding, we will also review some of the existing mathematical models of plant tip growth and their applicability to investigate protonemal morphogenesis. We attempt to integrate the conclusions and data across cell biology and physical modeling to our current state of knowledge of polarized cell growth in P. patens and highlight future directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Bibeau
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Galotto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Bioengineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
P2K1 Receptor, Heterotrimeric Gα Protein and CNGC2/4 Are Involved in Extracellular ATP-Promoted Ion Influx in the Pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081743. [PMID: 34451790 PMCID: PMC8400636 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As an apoplastic signal, extracellular ATP (eATP) is involved in plant growth and development. eATP promotes tobacco pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube growth (PTG) by stimulating Ca2+ or K+ absorption. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying eATP-stimulated ion uptake and their role in PG and PTG are still unclear. Here, ATP addition was found to modulate PG and PTG in 34 plant species and showed a promoting effect in most of these species. Furthermore, by using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, the role of several signaling components involved in eATP-promoted ion (Ca2+, K+) uptake, PG, and PTG were investigated. ATP stimulated while apyrase inhibited PG and PTG. Patch-clamping results showed that ATP promoted K+ and Ca2+ influx into pollen protoplasts. In loss-of-function mutants of P2K1 (dorn1-1 and dorn1-3), heterotrimeric G protein α subunit (gpa1-1, gpa1-2), or cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel (cngc2, cngc4), eATP-stimulated PG, PTG, and ion influx were all impaired. Our results suggest that these signaling components may be involved in eATP-promoted PG and PTG by regulating Ca2+ or K+ influx in Arabidopsis pollen grains.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mareri L, Faleri C, Aloisi I, Parrotta L, Del Duca S, Cai G. Insights into the Mechanisms of Heat Priming and Thermotolerance in Tobacco Pollen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8535. [PMID: 34445241 PMCID: PMC8395212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming leads to a progressive rise in environmental temperature. Plants, as sessile organisms, are threatened by these changes; the male gametophyte is extremely sensitive to high temperature and its ability to preserve its physiological status under heat stress is known as acquired thermotolerance. This latter can be achieved by exposing plant to a sub-lethal temperature (priming) or to a progressive increase in temperature. The present research aims to investigate the effects of heat priming on the functioning of tobacco pollen grains. In addition to evaluating basic physiological parameters (e.g., pollen viability, germination and pollen tube length), several aspects related to a correct pollen functioning were considered. Calcium (Ca2+) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related antioxidant systems were investigated, also to the organization of actin filaments and cytoskeletal protein such as tubulin (including tyrosinated and acetylated isoforms) and actin. We also focused on sucrose synthase (Sus), a key metabolic enzyme and on the content of main soluble sugars, including UDP-glucose. Results here obtained showed that a pre-exposure to sub-lethal temperatures can positively enhance pollen performance by altering its metabolism. This can have a considerable impact, especially from the point of view of breeding strategies aimed at improving crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Mareri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (C.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (C.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (C.F.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Żur I, Kopeć P, Surówka E, Dubas E, Krzewska M, Nowicka A, Janowiak F, Juzoń K, Janas A, Barna B, Fodor J. Impact of Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Components on the Effectiveness of Embryogenesis Induction in Isolated Microspore Cultures of Barley and Triticale. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1254. [PMID: 34439502 PMCID: PMC8389252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced antioxidant defence plays an essential role in plant survival under stress conditions. However, excessive antioxidant activity sometimes suppresses the signal necessary for the initiation of the desired biological reactions. One such example is microspore embryogenesis (ME)-a process of embryo-like structure formation triggered by stress in immature male gametophytes. The study focused on the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspore reprogramming. ME was induced through various stress treatments of tillers and its effectiveness was analysed in terms of ascorbate and glutathione contents, total activity of low molecular weight antioxidants and activities of glutathione-ascorbate cycle enzymes. The most effective treatment for both species was a combination of low temperature and exogenous application of 0.3 M mannitol, with or without 0.3 mM reduced glutathione. The applied treatments induced genotype-specific defence responses. In triticale, both ascorbate and glutathione were associated with ME induction, though the role of glutathione did not seem to be related to its function as a reducing agent. In barley, effective ME was accompanied by an accumulation of ascorbate and high activity of enzymes regulating its redox status, without direct relation to glutathione content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Dubas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Monika Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Nowicka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Janas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (J.F.)
| | - József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Breygina M, Klimenko E, Shilov E, Podolyan A, Mamaeva A, Zgoda V, Fesenko I. Hydrogen peroxide in tobacco stigma exudate affects pollen proteome and membrane potential in pollen tubes. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:592-602. [PMID: 33745193 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ROS are known to be accumulated in stigmas of different species and can possibly perform different functions important for plant reproduction. Here we tested the assumption that one of their functions is to control membrane potential and provoke synthesis of unique proteins in germinating pollen. We used spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry to detect H2 O2 in stigma exudate, quantitative fluorescent microscopy of pollen tubes and flow cytometry of pollen protoplasts to reveal effects on membrane potential, and a label-free quantification approach to study pollen proteome changes after H2 O2 treatment. We found that in both growing pollen tubes and pollen protoplasts exudate causes plasmalemma hyperpolarization similar to that provoked by H2 O2 . This effect is abolished by catalase treatment and the ROS quencher, MnTMPP. Inhibitory analysis indicates probable participation of Ca2+ - and K+ -conducting channels in the observed hyperpolarization. For a deeper understanding of pollen response, we analysed proteome alterations in H2 O2 -treated pollen grains. We found 50 unique proteins and 20 differently accumulated proteins that are mainly involved in cell metabolism, energetics, protein synthesis and folding. Observed hyperpolarization and proteome alterations agree well with previously reported stimulation of pollen germination by H2 O2 and sensitivity of Ca2+ - and K+ -conducting channels to this ROS. Thus, H2 O2 is one of the active substances in tobacco stigma exudate that stimulates various physiological processes in germinating pollen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Breygina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Klimenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Shilov
- Department of Immunology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Podolyan
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Mamaeva
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Zgoda
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - I Fesenko
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Podolyan A, Luneva O, Klimenko E, Breygina M. Oxygen radicals and cytoplasm zoning in growing lily pollen tubes. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:103-115. [PMID: 33492520 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Differential modulation of ROS content of the microenvironment (O ¯/MnTMPP/OH·) affects growth speed and morphology in lily pollen tubes. Oxygen radicals influence ionic zoning: membrane potential and pH gradients. Recently, redox-regulation of tip growth has been extensively studied, but differential sensitivity of growing cells to particular ROS and their subcellular localization is still unclear. Here, we used specific dyes to provide mapping of H2O2 and O·2¯ in short and long pollen tubes. We found apical accumulation of H2O2 and H2O2-producing organelles in the shank that were not colocalized with O·2¯-producing mitochondria. Differential modulation of ROS content of the germination medium affected both growth speed and pollen tube morphology. Oxygen radicals affected ionic zoning: membrane potential and pH gradients. OH· caused depolarization all along the tube while O·2¯ provoked hyperpolarization and cytoplasm alkalinization. O·2¯accelerated growth and reduced tube diameter, indicating that this ROS can be considered as pollen tube growth stimulator. Serious structural disturbances were observed upon exposure to OH· and ROS quencher MnTMPP: pollen tube growth slowed down and ballooned tips formed in both cases, but OH· affected membrane transport and organelle distribution as well. OH·, thus, can be considered as a negative regulator of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes, in turn, are able to reduce OH· concentration, which was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Podolyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Oksana Luneva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ekaterina Klimenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Maria Breygina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sandalio LM, Peláez-Vico MA, Molina-Moya E, Romero-Puertas MC. Peroxisomes as redox-signaling nodes in intracellular communication and stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:22-35. [PMID: 33587125 PMCID: PMC8154099 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are redox nodes playing a diverse range of roles in cell functionality and in the perception of and responses to changes in their environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Author for communication:
| | - Maria Angeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Huang J, Su S, Wei X, Yang L, Zhao H, Yu J, Wang J, Hui J, Hao S, Song S, Cao Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zeng W, Wu HM, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Cheung AY, Duan Q. FERONIA receptor kinase-regulated reactive oxygen species mediate self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3004-3016.e4. [PMID: 34015250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most plants in the Brassicaceae evolve self-incompatibility (SI) to avoid inbreeding and generate hybrid vigor. Self-pollen is recognized by the S-haplotype-specific interaction of the pollen ligand S-locus protein 11 (SP11) (also known as S-locus cysteine-rich protein [SCR]) and its stigma-specific S-locus receptor kinase (SRK). However, mechanistically much remains unknown about the signaling events that culminate in self-pollen rejection. Here, we show that self-pollen triggers high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stigma papilla cells to mediate SI in heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). We found that stigmatic ROS increased after self-pollination but decreased after compatible(CP)- pollination. Reducing stigmatic ROS by scavengers or suppressing the expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs), which encode plant NADPH oxidases that produce ROS, both broke down SI. On the other hand, increasing the level of ROS inhibited the germination and penetration of compatible pollen on the stigma, mimicking an incompatible response. Furthermore, suppressing a B. rapa FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase homolog or Rac/Rop guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) signaling effectively reduced stigmatic ROS and interfered with SI. Our results suggest that FER-Rac/Rop signaling-regulated, NADPH oxidase-produced ROS is an essential SI response leading to self-pollen rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Jiabao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China.
| | - Shiqi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Jiyun Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Shiya Hao
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Maoshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | | | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China.
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pottosin I, Olivas-Aguirre M, Dobrovinskaya O, Zepeda-Jazo I, Shabala S. Modulation of Ion Transport Across Plant Membranes by Polyamines: Understanding Specific Modes of Action Under Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:616077. [PMID: 33574826 PMCID: PMC7870501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.616077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work critically discusses the direct and indirect effects of natural polyamines and their catabolites such as reactive oxygen species and γ-aminobutyric acid on the activity of key plant ion-transporting proteins such as plasma membrane H+ and Ca2+ ATPases and K+-selective and cation channels in the plasma membrane and tonoplast, in the context of their involvement in stress responses. Docking analysis predicts a distinct binding for putrescine and longer polyamines within the pore of the vacuolar TPC1/SV channel, one of the key determinants of the cell ionic homeostasis and signaling under stress conditions, and an additional site for spermine, which overlaps with the cytosolic regulatory Ca2+-binding site. Several unresolved problems are summarized, including the correct estimates of the subcellular levels of polyamines and their catabolites, their unexplored effects on nucleotide-gated and glutamate receptor channels of cell membranes and Ca2+-permeable and K+-selective channels in the membranes of plant mitochondria and chloroplasts, and pleiotropic mechanisms of polyamines' action on H+ and Ca2+ pumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Biomedical Center, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - Isaac Zepeda-Jazo
- Food Genomics Department, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Sahuayo, Mexico
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mase K, Tsukagoshi H. Reactive Oxygen Species Link Gene Regulatory Networks During Arabidopsis Root Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660274. [PMID: 33986765 PMCID: PMC8110921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant development under altered nutritional status and environmental conditions and during attack from invaders is highly regulated by plant hormones at the molecular level by various signaling pathways. Previously, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were believed to be harmful as they cause oxidative damage to cells; however, in the last decade, the essential role of ROS as signaling molecules regulating plant growth has been revealed. Plant roots accumulate relatively high levels of ROS, and thus, maintaining ROS homeostasis, which has been shown to regulate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation at the root tip, is important for proper root growth. However, when the balance is disturbed, plants are unable to respond to the changes in the surrounding conditions and cannot grow and survive. Moreover, ROS control cell expansion and cell differentiation processes such as root hair formation and lateral root development. In these processes, the transcription factor-mediated gene expression network is important downstream of ROS. Although ROS can independently regulate root growth to some extent, a complex crosstalk occurs between ROS and other signaling molecules. Hormone signals are known to regulate root growth, and ROS are thought to merge with these signals. In fact, the crosstalk between ROS and these hormones has been elucidated, and the central transcription factors that act as a hub between these signals have been identified. In addition, ROS are known to act as important signaling factors in plant immune responses; however, how they also regulate plant growth is not clear. Recent studies have strongly indicated that ROS link these two events. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of ROS signaling in root development, with a particular focus on transcriptional regulation. We also summarize the crosstalk with other signals and discuss the importance of ROS as signaling molecules for plant root development.
Collapse
|
23
|
Breygina M, Klimenko E. ROS and Ions in Cell Signaling during Sexual Plant Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9476. [PMID: 33322128 PMCID: PMC7764562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen grain is a unique haploid organism characterized by two key physiological processes: activation of metabolism upon exiting dormancy and polar tube growth. In gymnosperms and flowering plants, these processes occur in different time frames and exhibit important features; identification of similarities and differences is still in the active phase. In angiosperms, the growth of male gametophyte is directed and controlled by its microenvironment, while in gymnosperms it is relatively autonomous. Recent reviews have detailed aspects of interaction between angiosperm female tissues and pollen such as interactions between peptides and their receptors; however, accumulated evidence suggests low-molecular communication, in particular, through ion exchange and ROS production, equally important for polar growth as well as for pollen germination. Recently, it became clear that ROS and ionic currents form a single regulatory module, since ROS production and the activity of ion transport systems are closely interrelated and form a feedback loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breygina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Çetinbaş-Genç A, Cai G, Del Duca S. Treatment with spermidine alleviates the effects of concomitantly applied cold stress by modulating Ca 2+, pH and ROS homeostasis, actin filament organization and cell wall deposition in pollen tubes of Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:578-590. [PMID: 33065378 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of spermidine treatment concomitant with cold stress on the elongation of Camellia sinensis pollen tube. When exogenous spermidine (0.05 mM) was applied concomitantly with cold stress, pollen germination rate and pollen tube length were significantly increased in comparison with cold stressed pollen tubes. In addition, spermidine treatment concomitantly with cold stress reduced pollen tube abnormalities induced by cold stress. Besides, cold-induced disorganizations of actin filaments were ameliorated after spermidine treatment along with cold stress because anisotropy levels of actin filaments in shank and apex of pollen tubes decreased. Changes in cold-induced callose distribution in the pollen tube cell wall were partially recovered after spermidine/cold stress treatment. Other cold-induced effects (decrease in Ca2+ content, reduction of pH gradient, accumulation of ROS) were reverted to adequate levels after spermidine treatment in conjunction with cold stress, indicating that pollen tubes are able to cope with stress. Thus, spermidine treatment reorganized the growth pattern of pollen tubes by modulating Ca2+ and ROS homeostasis, actin cytoskeleton organization, and cell wall deposition in Camellia sinensis pollen tubes under cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zarza X, Van Wijk R, Shabala L, Hunkeler A, Lefebvre M, Rodriguez‐Villalón A, Shabala S, Tiburcio AF, Heilmann I, Munnik T. Lipid kinases PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 are required for polyamine-triggered K + efflux in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:416-432. [PMID: 32666545 PMCID: PMC7693229 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine (Spm), are low-molecular-weight polycationic molecules present in all living organisms. Despite their implication in plant cellular processes, little is known about their molecular mode of action. Here, we demonstrate that polyamines trigger a rapid increase in the regulatory membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ), and that this increase is required for polyamine effects on K+ efflux in Arabidopsis roots. Using in vivo 32 Pi -labelling of Arabidopsis seedlings, low physiological (μm) concentrations of Spm were found to promote a rapid PIP2 increase in roots that was time- and dose-dependent. Confocal imaging of a genetically encoded PIP2 biosensor revealed that this increase was triggered at the plasma membrane. Differential 32 Pi -labelling suggested that the increase in PIP2 was generated through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) activity rather than inhibition of a phospholipase C or PIP2 5-phosphatase activity. Systematic analysis of transfer DNA insertion mutants identified PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 as the main candidates involved in the Spm-induced PIP2 response. Using non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation, we discovered that the Spm-triggered K+ efflux response was strongly reduced in pip5k7 pip5k9 seedlings. Together, our results provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a physiological role of PIP2 in polyamine-mediated signalling controlling K+ flux in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Zarza
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Ringo Van Wijk
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Anna Hunkeler
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Matthew Lefebvre
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Antia Rodriguez‐Villalón
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane BiologyFoshan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Dept. of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil ScienceUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Dept of Cellular BiochemistryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Scholz P, Anstatt J, Krawczyk HE, Ischebeck T. Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 32859043 PMCID: PMC7569787 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| | | | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nazir F, Fariduddin Q, Khan TA. Hydrogen peroxide as a signalling molecule in plants and its crosstalk with other plant growth regulators under heavy metal stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126486. [PMID: 32234629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a significant regulatory component interrelated with signal transduction in plants. The positive role of H2O2 in plants subjected to myriad of abiotic factors has led us to comprehend that it is not only a free radical, generated as a product of oxidative stress, but also helpful in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in crop plants. Studies over the last two centuries has indicated that H2O2 is a key molecule which regulate photosynthesis, stomatal movement, pollen growth, fruit and flower development and leaf senescence. Exogenously-sourced H2O2 at nanomolar levels functions as a signalling molecule, facilitates seed germination, chlorophyll content, stomatal opening, and delays senescence, while at elevated levels, it triggers oxidative burst to organic molecules, which could lead to cell death. Furthermore, H2O2 is also known to interplay synergistically or antagonistically with other plant growth regulators such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, nitric oxide and Ca2+ (as signalling molecules), and brassinosteroids (steroidal PGRs) under myriad of environmental stresses and thus, mediate plant growth and development and reactions to abiotic factors. The purpose of this review is to specify accessible knowledge on the role and dynamic mechanisms of H2O2 in mediating growth responses and plant resilience to HM stresses, and its crosstalk with other significant PGRs in controlling various processes. More recently, signal transduction by mitogen activated protein kinases and other transcription factors which attenuate HM stresses in plants have also been dissected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aloisi I, Distefano G, Antognoni F, Potente G, Parrotta L, Faleri C, Gentile A, Bennici S, Mareri L, Cai G, Del Duca S. Temperature-Dependent Compatible and Incompatible Pollen-Style Interactions in Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan. Show Different Transglutaminase Features and Polyamine Pattern. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1018. [PMID: 32733518 PMCID: PMC7360793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In clementine, failure of fertilization can result in parthenocarpic fruit development, which has several advantages, such as seedless fruit, longer shelf-life, and greater consumer appeal. Recently, S-RNases have been identified in Citrus grandis, thus revealing that the self-incompatibility (SI) reaction relies on the S-RNase gametophytic mechanism. The fundamental role of environmental factors, mostly temperature, in determining the numbers of pollen tubes reaching the ovary is also well established in Citrus. In the present work, temperature-dependent pollen-pistil interactions in C. clementina were analyzed, focusing on several morphological aspects, as well as on polyamine (PA) content and the activity and distribution of transglutaminase (TGase), both reported to be involved in the SI response in pear and in pummelo. Results clearly indicate that temperature contributed to a different activation of the SI response, which occurs at optimal temperature of 25°C but was by-passed at 15°C. TGase activity was stimulated during the SI response, and it localized differently in the compatible and incompatible interaction: in compatible pollinated styles, TGase localized inside the style canal, while it was detected all around it in incompatible crosses. TGase localization and activity were congruent with the levels of soluble and insoluble conjugated PAs and with morphological evidences, which highlighted cell wall modification occurring as a result of SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Distefano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Production Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Giulia Potente
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Production Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Bennici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Production Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lavinia Mareri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jasso-Robles FI, Gonzalez ME, Pieckenstain FL, Ramírez-García JM, Guerrero-González MDLL, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Rodríguez-Kessler M. Decrease of Arabidopsis PAO activity entails increased RBOH activity, ROS content and altered responses to Pseudomonas. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110372. [PMID: 32005378 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are small aliphatic amines with important regulatory activities in plants. Biotic stress results in changes in PA levels due to de novo synthesis and PA oxidation. In Arabidopsis thaliana five FAD-dependent polyamine oxidase enzymes (AtPAO1-5) participate in PA back-conversion and degradation. PAO activity generates H2O2, an important molecule involved in cell signaling, elongation, programmed cell death, and defense responses. In this work we analyzed the role of AtPAO genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem. AtPAO1 and AtPAO2 genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in infected plants. Atpao1-1 and Atpao2-1 single mutant lines displayed altered responses to Pseudomonas, and an increased susceptibility was found in the double mutant Atpao1-1 x Atpao2-1. These polyamine oxidases mutant lines showed disturbed contents of ROS (H2O2 and O2-) and altered activities of RBOH, CAT and SOD enzymes both in infected and control plants. In addition, changes in the expression levels of AtRBOHD, AtRBOHF, AtPRX33, and AtPRX34 genes were also noticed. Our data indicate an important role for polyamine oxidases in plant defense and ROS homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ignacio Jasso-Robles
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - María Elisa Gonzalez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, 7130, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Luis Pieckenstain
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, 7130, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - José Miguel Ramírez-García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - María de la Luz Guerrero-González
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Carretera San Luis-Matehuala Km 14.5, Ejido Palma de la Cruz, 78321, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Lomas 4ª Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Çetinbaş-Genç A. Putrescine modifies the pollen tube growth of tea (Camellia sinensis) by affecting actin organization and cell wall structure. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:89-101. [PMID: 31342152 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of different exogenous putrescine concentrations (200, 400, 600, and 800 μM) on the tea pollen performance. It was shown that putrescine has a dose-dependent effect on pollen performance. Results exhibited that pollen germination and tube elongation were induced by 200 and 400 μM putrescine treatment, especially, 400 μM putrescine-enhanced pollen performance. However, pollen performance was inhibited by higher concentrations of putrescine. Putrescine concentrations above 400 μM changed the actin filament distribution in pollen tubes by affecting the distribution of sucrose synthase enzyme. Alterations of the distribution on sucrose synthase enzyme also caused the alterations in the dispersion of cellulose and callose in the cell wall, and morphological alterations such as balloon-shaped and snake-shaped pollen tube tip accompanied them. Moreover, putrescine concentrations above 400 μM caused a decrease of ROS level in apex and led to chromatin condensation of the generative nucleus. In conclusion, exogenous putrescine application can be used as a pollen performance enhancer at low concentrations while the high concentrations cause adverse effects reducing fertilization success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Benkő P, Jee S, Kaszler N, Fehér A, Gémes K. Polyamines treatment during pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in tobacco modulate reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide homeostasis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 244:153085. [PMID: 31812029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the regulation of pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. Among others, exogenously applied polyamines were found to strongly affect pollen maturation, pollen tube emergence and elongation. In this study, our aim was to investigate the regulatory relation among exogenous polyamines, and endogenous reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide under pollen germination and the apical growth of pollen tube in tobacco plants. We have found that the various polyamines differentially affected the metabolism of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species during the processes of pollen germination in the grain and the lengthening pollen tube. It is hypothesized that their differential effects might be related to their distinct influence on the endogenous nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Benkő
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesvári krt, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Shyam Jee
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesvári krt, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Kaszler
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesvári krt, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesvári krt, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gémes
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesvári krt, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Podolyan A, Maksimov N, Breygina M. Redox-regulation of ion homeostasis in growing lily pollen tubes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 243:153050. [PMID: 31639533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is characterized by cytoplasm compartmentalization typical for cells with polar growth. This concept includes "ion zoning", i.e. gradient distribution of ionic currents across the plasma membrane and free inorganic ions in the cytoplasm. One of the putative mechanisms for maintaining "ion zoning" is indicated by the sensitivity of the ion transport systems to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we test the possibility of redox regulation of ionic gradients and membrane potential (MP) gradient in growing pollen tubes using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. ROS quencher MnTMPP and exogenic H2O2 cause different alterations of intracellular Ca2+ gradient, pH gradient and MP gradient during short-term exposure. MnTMPP significantly shifts the gradients of Ca2+ and MP at low concentrations while high concentration cause growth alterations (ballooned tips) and cytoplasm acidification. H2O2 at 0,5 and 1 mM affects ion homeostasis as well (MP, Ca2+, pH) but doesn't decrease viability or alter shape of the tubes. Here we present original quantitative data on the interconnection between ROS and ion transport during tip growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Podolyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maria Breygina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitjanova Street 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gu Z, Li W, Doughty J, Meng D, Yang Q, Yuan H, Li Y, Chen Q, Yu J, Liu CS, Li T. A gamma-thionin protein from apple, MdD1, is required for defence against S-RNase-induced inhibition of pollen tube prior to self/non-self recognition. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2184-2198. [PMID: 31001872 PMCID: PMC6790362 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Apple exhibits S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility. Although the cytotoxic effect of S-RNase inside the self-pollen tube has been studied extensively, the underlying defence mechanism in pollen tube in Rosaceae remains unclear. On exposure to stylar S-RNase, plant defence responses are activated in the pollen tube; however, how these are regulated is currently poorly understood. Here, we show that entry of both self and non-self S-RNase into pollen tubes of apple (Malus domestica) stimulates jasmonic acid (JA) production, in turn inducing the accumulation of MdMYC2 transcripts, a transcription factor in the JA signalling pathway widely considered to be involved in plant defence processes. MdMYC2 acts as a positive regulator in the pollen tube activating expression of MdD1, a gene encoding a defence protein. Importantly, MdD1 was shown to bind to the RNase activity sites of S-RNase leading to inhibition of enzymatic activity. This work provides intriguing insights into an ancient defence mechanism present in apple pollen tubes where MdD1 likely acts as a primary line of defence to inhibit S-RNase cytotoxicity prior to self/non-self recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - James Doughty
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Dong Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Yuan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chun sheng Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Interplay among Polyamines and Nitrogen in Plant Stress Responses. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090315. [PMID: 31480342 PMCID: PMC6784213 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between polyamines (PAs) and nitrogen (N) is emerging as a key factor in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The PA/N interplay in plants connects N metabolism, carbon (C) fixation, and secondary metabolism pathways. Glutamate, a pivotal N-containing molecule, is responsible for the biosynthesis of proline (Pro), arginine (Arg) and ornithine (Orn) and constitutes a main common pathway for PAs and C/N assimilation/incorporation implicated in various stresses. PAs and their derivatives are important signaling molecules, as they act largely by protecting and preserving the function/structure of cells in response to stresses. Use of different research approaches, such as generation of transgenic plants with modified intracellular N and PA homeostasis, has helped to elucidate a plethora of PA roles, underpinning their function as a major player in plant stress responses. In this context, a range of transgenic plants over-or under-expressing N/PA metabolic genes has been developed in an effort to decipher their implication in stress signaling. The current review describes how N and PAs regulate plant growth and facilitate crop acclimatization to adverse environments in an attempt to further elucidate the N-PAs interplay against abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as the mechanisms controlling N-PA genes/enzymes and metabolites.
Collapse
|
35
|
Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H 2 O 2 metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:803-816. [PMID: 30609289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pan R, Liu J, Hu J. Peroxisomes in plant reproduction and seed-related development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:784-802. [PMID: 30578613 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are small multi-functional organelles essential for plant development and growth. Plant peroxisomes play various physiological roles, including phytohormone biosynthesis, lipid catabolism, reactive oxygen species metabolism and many others. Mutant analysis demonstrated key roles for peroxisomes in plant reproduction, seed development and germination and post-germinative seedling establishment; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes findings that reveal the importance and complexity of the role of peroxisomes in the pertinent processes. The β-oxidation pathway plays a central role, whereas other peroxisomal pathways are also involved. Understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of these peroxisomal functions will be instrumental to the improvement of crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Pan
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu Z, Jia D, Liu T. Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31234345 PMCID: PMC6632040 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Copper Amine Oxidase AtCuAOδ Participates in Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060183. [PMID: 31226798 PMCID: PMC6630932 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) are involved in wound healing, defense against pathogens, methyl-jasmonate-induced protoxylem differentiation, and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. In the present study, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana CuAOδ (AtCuAOδ; At4g12290) in the ABA-mediated stomatal closure by genetic and pharmacological approaches. Obtained data show that AtCuAOδ is up-regulated by ABA and that two Atcuaoδ T-DNA insertional mutants are less responsive to this hormone, showing reduced ABA-mediated stomatal closure and H2O2 accumulation in guard cells as compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, CuAO inhibitors, as well as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger N,N1-dimethylthiourea, reversed most of the ABA-induced stomatal closure in WT plants. Consistently, AtCuAOδ over-expressing transgenic plants display a constitutively increased stomatal closure and increased H2O2 production compared to WT plants. Our data suggest that AtCuAOδ is involved in the H2O2 production related to ABA-induced stomatal closure.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mandrone M, Antognoni F, Aloisi I, Potente G, Poli F, Cai G, Faleri C, Parrotta L, Del Duca S. Compatible and Incompatible Pollen-Styles Interaction in Pyrus communis L. Show Different Transglutaminase Features, Polyamine Pattern and Metabolomics Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:741. [PMID: 31249577 PMCID: PMC6584118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-stigma interaction is a highly selective process, which leads to compatible or incompatible pollination, in the latter case, affecting quantitative and qualitative aspects of productivity in species of agronomic interest. While the genes and the corresponding protein partners involved in this highly specific pollen-stigma recognition have been studied, providing important insights into pollen-stigma recognition in self-incompatible (SI), many other factors involved in the SI response are not understood yet. This work concerns the study of transglutaminase (TGase), polyamines (PAs) pattern and metabolomic profiles following the pollination of Pyrus communis L. pistils with compatible and SI pollen in order to deepen their possible involvement in the reproduction of plants. Immunolocalization, abundance and activity of TGase as well as the content of free, soluble-conjugated and insoluble-bound PAs have been investigated. 1H NMR-profiling coupled with multivariate data treatment (PCA and PLS-DA) allowed to compare, for the first time, the metabolic patterns of not-pollinated and pollinated styles. Results clearly indicate that during the SI response TGase activity increases, resulting in the accumulation of PAs conjugated to hydroxycinnamic acids and other small molecules. Metabolomic analysis showed a remarkable differences between pollinated and not-pollinated styles, where, except for glucose, all the other metabolites where less concentrated. Moreover, styles pollinated with compatible pollen showed the highest amount of sucrose than SI pollinated ones, which, in turn, contained highest amount of all the other metabolites, including aromatic compounds, such as flavonoids and a cynnamoil derivative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Potente
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Parrotta L, Faleri C, Guerriero G, Cai G. Cold stress affects cell wall deposition and growth pattern in tobacco pollen tubes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:329-342. [PMID: 31128704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cold is an abiotic stress seriously threatening crop productivity by decreasing biomass production. The pollen tube is a target of cold stress, but also a useful model to address questions on cell wall biosynthesis. We here provide (immuno)cytological data relative to the impact of cold on the pollen tube cell wall. We clearly show that the growth pattern is severely affected by the stress, since the typical pulsed-growth mechanism accompanied by the periodic deposition of pectin rings is absent/severely reduced. Additionally, pectins and cellulose accumulate in bulges provoked by the stress, while callose, which colocalizes with pectins in the periodic rings formed during pulsed growth, accumulates randomly in the stressed samples. The altered distribution of the cell wall components is accompanied by differences in the localization of glucan synthases: cellulose synthase shows a more diffuse localization, while callose synthase shows a more frequent cytoplasmic accumulation, thereby denoting a failure in plasma membrane insertion. The cell wall observations are complemented by the analysis of intracellular Ca2+, pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS): while in the case of pH no major differences are observed, a less focused Ca2+ and ROS gradients are present in the stressed samples. The standard oscillatory growth of pollen tubes is recovered by transient changes of turgor pressure induced by hypoosmotic media. Overall our data contribute to the understanding of the impact that cold stress has on the normal development of the pollen tube and unveil the cell wall-related aberrant features accompanying the observed alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via P.A. Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via P.A. Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Ye X, Yang K, Shi Z, Wang N, Yang L, Chen J. Characterization, expression, and functional analysis of polyamine oxidases and their role in selenium-induced hydrogen peroxide production in Brassica rapa. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4082-4093. [PMID: 30761554 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se)-induced phytotoxicity has been linked to oxidative injury triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the disturbance of anti-oxidative systems. However, the way Se stress induces hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production in plants is a long-standing question. Here we identified the role of polyamine oxidase (PAO) in H2 O2 production in the root of Brassica rapa upon Se stress. RESULTS Studying Se-induced growth inhibition, H2 O2 accumulation, and oxidative injury in the root of Brassica rapa, we found that excessive Se exposure resulted in a remarkable increase in PAO activity. Inhibition of PAO activity led to decreased H2 O2 content and alleviated oxidative injury in the Se-treated root. These results indicated that Se stress induced PAO-dependent H2 O2 production. A total of six BrPAO family members were discovered in the genome of B. rapa by in silico analysis. Se stress pronouncedly upregulated the expression of most BrPAOs and further transient expression analysis proved that it could lead to H2 O2 production. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Se stress upregulates the expression of a set of BrPAOs which further enhances PAO activity, contributing to H2 O2 generation in roots. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiefeng Ye
- Tobacco Science College/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Arabidopsis ABCG28 is required for the apical accumulation of reactive oxygen species in growing pollen tubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12540-12549. [PMID: 31152136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tip-focused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is tightly associated with pollen tube growth and is thus critical for fertilization. However, it is unclear how tip-growing cells establish such specific ROS localization. Polyamines have been proposed to function in tip growth as precursors of the ROS, hydrogen peroxide. The ABC transporter AtABCG28 may regulate ROS status, as it contains multiple cysteine residues, a characteristic of proteins involved in ROS homeostasis. In this study, we found that AtABCG28 was specifically expressed in the mature pollen grains and pollen tubes. AtABCG28 was localized to secretory vesicles inside the pollen tube that moved toward and fused with the plasma membrane of the pollen tube tip. Knocking out AtABCG28 resulted in defective pollen tube growth, failure to localize polyamine and ROS to the growing pollen tube tip, and complete male sterility, whereas ectopic expression of this gene in root hair could recover ROS accumulation at the tip and improved the growth under high-pH conditions, which normally prevent ROS accumulation and tip growth. Together, these data suggest that AtABCG28 is critical for localizing polyamine and ROS at the growing tip. In addition, this function of AtABCG28 is likely to protect the pollen tube from the cytotoxicity of polyamine and contribute to the delivery of polyamine to the growing tip for incorporation into the expanding cell wall.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang W, Paschalidis K, Feng JC, Song J, Liu JH. Polyamine Catabolism in Plants: A Universal Process With Diverse Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:561. [PMID: 31134113 PMCID: PMC6513885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine (PA) catabolic processes are performed by copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing PA oxidases (PAOs). So far, several CuAOs and PAOs have been identified in many plant species. These enzymes exhibit different subcellular localization, substrate specificity, and functional diversity. Since PAs are involved in numerous physiological processes, considerable efforts have been made to explore the functions of plant CuAOs and PAOs during the recent decades. The stress signal transduction pathways usually lead to increase of the intracellular PA levels, which are apoplastically secreted and oxidized by CuAOs and PAOs, with parallel production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Depending on the levels of the generated H2O2, high or low, respectively, either programmed cell death (PCD) occurs or H2O2 is efficiently scavenged by enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidant factors that help plants coping with abiotic stress, recruiting different defense mechanisms, as compared to biotic stress. Amine and PA oxidases act further as PA back-converters in peroxisomes, also generating H2O2, possibly by activating Ca2+ permeable channels. Here, the new research data are discussed on the interconnection of PA catabolism with the derived H2O2, together with their signaling roles in developmental processes, such as fruit ripening, senescence, and biotic/abiotic stress reactions, in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in crop adaptation/survival to adverse environmental conditions and to pathogenic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Konstantinos Paschalidis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jian-Can Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dai SY, Hsu WH, Yang CH. The Gene ANTHER DEHISCENCE REPRESSOR (ADR) Controls Male Fertility by Suppressing the ROS Accumulation and Anther Cell Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5112. [PMID: 30911018 PMCID: PMC6434047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sterility in plants is caused by various stimuli such as hormone changes, stress, cytoplasmic alterations and nuclear gene mutations. The gene ANTHER DEHISCENCE REPRESSOR (ADR), which is involved in regulating male sterility in Arabidopsis, was functionally analyzed in this study. In ADR::GUS flowers, strong GUS activity was detected in the anthers of young flower buds but was low in mature flowers. ADR + GFP fusion proteins, which can be modified by N-myristoylation, were targeted to peroxisomes. Ectopic expression of ADR in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in male sterility due to anther indehiscence. The defect in anther dehiscence in 35S::ADR flowers is due to the reduction of ROS accumulation, alteration of the secondary thickening in the anther endothecium and suppression of the expression of NST1 and NST2, which are required for anther dehiscence through regulation of secondary wall thickening in anther endothecial cells. This defect could be rescued by external application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These results demonstrated that ADR must be N-myristoylated and targeted to the peroxisome during the early stages of flower development to negatively regulate anther dehiscence by suppressing ROS accumulation and NST1/NST2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Dai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC
| | - Wei-Han Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC
| | - Chang-Hsien Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC.
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smirnoff N, Arnaud D. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1197-1214. [PMID: 30222198 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2 O2 1198 III. H2 O2 and O2·- toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2 O2 : enzymes and subcellular locations 1200 V. H2 O2 transport 1205 VI. Control of H2 O2 concentration: how and where? 1205 VII. Metabolic functions of H2 O2 1207 VIII. H2 O2 signalling 1207 IX. Where next? 1209 Acknowledgements 1209 References 1209 SUMMARY: Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is produced, via superoxide and superoxide dismutase, by electron transport in chloroplasts and mitochondria, plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, peroxisomal oxidases, type III peroxidases and other apoplastic oxidases. Intracellular transport is facilitated by aquaporins and H2 O2 is removed by catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase, all of which have cell compartment-specific isoforms. Apoplastic H2 O2 influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase-mediated polymer cross-linking, lignification and, possibly, cell expansion via H2 O2 -derived hydroxyl radicals. Excess H2 O2 triggers chloroplast and peroxisome autophagy and programmed cell death. The role of H2 O2 in signalling, for example during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal transduction mechanisms are poorly defined. H2 O2 oxidizes specific cysteine residues of target proteins to the sulfenic acid form and, similar to other organisms, this modification could initiate thiol-based redox relays and modify target enzymes, receptor kinases and transcription factors. Quantification of the sources and sinks of H2 O2 is being improved by the spatial and temporal resolution of genetically encoded H2 O2 sensors, such as HyPer and roGFP2-Orp1. These H2 O2 sensors, combined with the detection of specific proteins modified by H2 O2 , will allow a deeper understanding of its signalling roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Dominique Arnaud
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu Y, Qin B, Feng K, Yan R, Kang E, Liu T, Shang Z. Extracellular ATP promoted pollen germination and tube growth of Nicotiana tabacum through promoting K + and Ca 2+ absorption. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:399-410. [PMID: 29934740 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Here, we report that eATP participated in Nicotiana tabacum pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube growth (PTG) by regulating K+ and Ca2+ influx. Exogenous ATP or ADP effectively promoted PG and PTG in a dose-dependent manner; weakly hydrolysable ATP analog (ATPγS) showed a similar effect. AMP, adenosine, adenine, and phosphate did not affect PG or PTG. Within a certain range, higher concentrations of K+ or Ca2+ in the medium increased the effect of ATP in promoting PG and PTG. However, in mediums containing K+ or Ca2+ concentrations above this range, the effect of ATP was reversed, resulting in PG and PTG inhibition. Ca2+ chelators (EGTA), Ca2+ channel blockers, and K+ channel blockers suppressed ATP-promoted PG and PTG. Results from a patch clamp showed that ATP activated a K+ and Ca2+ influx in pollen protoplasts. These results suggest that, as an apoplastic signal, eATP may be involved in PG and PTG via regulating Ca2+ and K+ absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
- Department of Chemistry Engineering and Biological Technology, Xingtai University, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Baozhi Qin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Kaili Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ruolin Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Erfang Kang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Choubey A, Rajam MV. RNAi-mediated silencing of spermidine synthase gene results in reduced reproductive potential in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1069-1081. [PMID: 30425424 PMCID: PMC6214437 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine belongs to a class of polycationic compounds known as polyamines. Polyamines are known to be involved in a wide range of biological processes but the exact role and contribution of different polyamines to these processes are still not clear. In the present study, we have tried to understand the contribution of triamine spermidine to the growth and development of tobacco by downregulating spermidine synthase gene (SPDS) using RNA interference. Down-regulatioin of SPDS gene resulted in decreased spermidine levels and a slight increase in the levels of its precursor, the diamine putrescine and the molecule downstream of Spd, the tetraamine spermine. While the vegetative growth of the transgenics remained largely unaffected, SPDS down-regulation resulted in smaller size of flowers, decreased pollen viability and seed setting, and a reduced and delayed seed germination. When subjected to abiotic stress, the transgenics showed an increased tolerance to salinity and drought conditions owing to a steady intracellular pool of putrescine and spermine. The results not only highlight the importance of spermidine in determining reproductive potential in plants but have also help delineate its function from that of putrescine and spermine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Choubey
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - M. V. Rajam
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021 India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Herbell S, Gutermuth T, Konrad KR. An interconnection between tip-focused Ca 2+ and anion homeostasis controls pollen tube growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1529521. [PMID: 30307369 PMCID: PMC6279333 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1529521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproduction is the basis for economically relevant food production. It relies on pollen tube (PTs) growth into the female flower organs for successful fertilization. The high cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) at the PT tip is sensed by Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) that in turn activate R- and S-type anion channels to control polar growth. Lanthanum, a blocker for plant Ca2+-permeable channels was used here to demonstrate a strict dependency for anion channel activation through high PT tip [Ca2+]cyt. We visualized this relationship by live-cell anion imaging and concurrent triggering of Ca2+-elevations with the two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) technique. The anion efflux provoked by a TEVC-triggered [Ca2+]cyt increase was abolished by Lanthanum and was followed by an overall rise in the cytosolic anion concentration. An interrelation between Ca2+ and anion homeostasis occurred also on the transcript level of CPKs and anion channels. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated a co-regulation of anion channels and CPKs in media with different Cl- and NO3- compositions. Our data provides strong evidence for the importance of a Ca2+-dependent anion channel regulation and point to a synchronized adjustment of CPK and anion channel transcript levels to fine-tune anion efflux at the PT tip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Herbell
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Gutermuth
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Robert Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu J, Shu S, Li C, Sun J, Guo S. Spermidine-mediated hydrogen peroxide signaling enhances the antioxidant capacity of salt-stressed cucumber roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 128:152-162. [PMID: 29778839 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling molecule that mediates a variety of physiological processes and defense responses against abiotic stress in higher plants. In this study, our aims are to clarify the role of H2O2 accumulation induced by the exogenous application of spermidine (Spd) to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings in regulating the antioxidant capacity of roots under salt stress. The results showed that Spd caused a significant increase in endogenous polyamines and H2O2 levels, and peaked at 2 h after salt stress. Spd-induced H2O2 accumulation was blocked under salt stress by pretreatment with a H2O2 scavenger and respective inhibitors of cell wall peroxidase (CWPOD; EC: 1.11.1.7), polyamine oxidase (PAO; EC: 1.5.3.11) and NADPH oxidase (NOX; EC: 1.6.3.1); among these three inhibitors, the largest decrease was found in response to the addition of the inhibitor of polyamine oxidase. In addition, we observed that exogenous Spd could increase the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC: 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC: 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT; EC: 1.11.1.6) as well as the expression of their genes in salt-stressed roots, and the effects were inhibited by H2O2 scavengers and polyamine oxidase inhibitors. These results suggested that, by regulating endogenous PAs-mediated H2O2 signaling in roots, Spd could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce oxidative damage; the main source of H2O2 was polyamine oxidation, which was associated with improved tolerance and root growth recovery of cucumber under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Takahashi Y, Ono K, Akamine Y, Asano T, Ezaki M, Mouri I. Highly-expressed polyamine oxidases catalyze polyamine back conversion in Brachypodium distachyon. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:341-348. [PMID: 29063977 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand the polyamine (PA) catabolic pathways in Brachypodium distachyon, we focused on the flavin-containing polyamine oxidase enzymes (PAO), and characterized them at the molecular and biochemical levels. Five PAO isoforms were identified from database searches, and we named them BdPAO1 to BdPAO5. By gene expression analysis using above-ground tissues such as leaf, stem and inflorescence, it was revealed that BdPAO2 is the most abundant PAO gene in normal growth conditions, followed by BdPAO3 and BdPAO4. BdPAO1 and BdPAO5 were expressed at very low levels. All Arabidopsis thaliana and rice orthologs belonging to the same clade as BdPAO2, BdPAO3 and BdPAO4 have conserved peroxisome-targeting signal sequences at their C-termini. Amino acid sequences of BdPAO2 and BdPAO4 also showed such a sequence, but BdPAO3 did not. We selected the gene with the highest expression level (BdPAO2) and the peroxisome-targeting signal lacking PAO (BdPAO3) for biochemical analysis of substrate specificity and catabolic pathways. BdPAO2 catalyzed conversion of spermine (Spm) or thermospermine to spermidine (Spd), and Spd to putrescine, but its most-favored substrate was Spd. In contrast, BdPAO3 favored Spm as substrate and catalyzed conversion of tetraamines to Spd. These results indicated that the major PAOs in B. distachyon have back-conversion activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan.
| | - Kaede Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Yuuta Akamine
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Asano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ezaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Itsupei Mouri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|