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Chen Y, Shi H, Yang G, Liang X, Lin X, Tan S, Guo T, Wang H. OsCRLK2, a Receptor-Like Kinase Identified by QTL Analysis, is Involved in the Regulation of Rice Quality. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:24. [PMID: 38587574 PMCID: PMC11001810 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The quality of rice (Oryza sativa L) is determined by a combination of appearance, flavor, aroma, texture, storage characteristics, and nutritional composition. Rice quality directly influences acceptance by consumers and commercial value. The genetic mechanism underlying rice quality is highly complex, and is influenced by genotype, environment, and chemical factors such as starch type, protein content, and amino acid composition. Minor variations in these chemical components may lead to substantial differences in rice quality. Among these components, starch is the most crucial and influential factor in determining rice quality. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with eight physicochemical properties related to the rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) profile were identified using a high-density sequence map constructed using recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Fifty-nine QTLs were identified across three environments, among which qGT6.4 was a novel locus co-located across all three environments. By integrating RNA-seq data, we identified the differentially expressed candidate gene OsCRLK2 within the qGT6.4 interval. osclrk2 mutants exhibited decreased gelatinization temperature (GT), apparent amylose content (AAC) and viscosity, and increased chalkiness. Furthermore, osclrk2 mutants exhibited downregulated expression of the majority of starch biosynthesis-related genes compared to wild type (WT) plants. In summary, OsCRLK2, which encodes a receptor-like protein kinase, appears to consistently influence rice quality across different environments. This discovery provides a new genetic resource for use in the molecular breeding of rice cultivars with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanfeng Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guili Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyu Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolian Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Aerospace-mutation Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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Jolliffe JB, Pilati S, Moser C, Lashbrooke JG. Beyond skin-deep: targeting the plant surface for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6468-6486. [PMID: 37589495 PMCID: PMC10662250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The above-ground plant surface is a well-adapted tissue layer that acts as an interface between the plant and its surrounding environment. As such, its primary role is to protect against desiccation and maintain the gaseous exchange required for photosynthesis. Further, this surface layer provides a barrier against pathogens and herbivory, while attracting pollinators and agents of seed dispersal. In the context of agriculture, the plant surface is strongly linked to post-harvest crop quality and yield. The epidermal layer contains several unique cell types adapted for these functions, while the non-lignified above-ground plant organs are covered by a hydrophobic cuticular membrane. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying crop cuticle and epidermal cell formation, with focus placed on genetic elements contributing towards quality, yield, drought tolerance, herbivory defence, pathogen resistance, pollinator attraction, and sterility, while highlighting the inter-relatedness of plant surface development and traits. Potential crop improvement strategies utilizing this knowledge are outlined in the context of the recent development of new breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bryanne Jolliffe
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Justin Graham Lashbrooke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Yan LL, Mi J, Shen CC, Qian R, Wang J, Pu CX, Sun Y. OsCIP1, a secreted protein, binds to and stabilizes OsCR4 to promote aleurone layer development, seed germination and early seedling growth in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111637. [PMID: 36787850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The receptor kinase CRINKLY 4 (CR4) and its orthologs are known for their essential roles in cell differentiation and their shuttling between plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles, a unique feature tied to their extracellular domain. However, the extracellular regulators of CR4 have been little known. Here we identified an OsCR4 Interacting Protein 1 (OsCIP1) (also named as OsLTPL36 in rice) by a yeast two-hybrid screen using the extracellular domain of OsCR4 (OsCR4E) as bait. OsCIP1/OsLTPL36 harbors a signal peptide and is localized to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. It interacted with the TNFR subdomain of OsCR4, causing an increase in OsCR4 recycling to the plasma membrane. oscip1, in which OsCR4 protein was decreased, exhibited thinner aleurone layer, late germination and delayed growth; while OsCIP1-overexpressing plants, in which OsCR4 protein was increased, displayed enhanced growth at the early seedling stage. OsCIP1 was cleaved between W61 and Q62, and the resulting C-terminal half exhibited a greater affinity for OsCR4E than did its precursor. Abolishing this cleavage site compromises OsCIP1's ability to promote seedling growth. Our results provide valuable clues for the regulation of CR4 activity and its functions in aleurone layer cell differentiation by a secreted small protein in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jing Mi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Can-Can Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Rong Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Cui-Xia Pu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
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Xu Y, Chen S, Xue M, Chen X, Liu Z, Wei X, Gao JP, Chen C. Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with dorsal aleurone thickness in rice (Oryza sativa). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:117. [PMID: 37093272 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Mapping of QTLs for dorsal aleurone thickness (DAT) was performed using chromosome segment substitution lines in rice. Three QTLs, qDAT3.1, qDAT3.2, and qDAT7.1, were detected in multiple environments. As a specified endosperm cell type, the aleurone has an abundance of various nutrients. Increasing the number of aleurone layers is a practicable way of developing highly nutritious cereals. Identifying genes that can increase aleurone thickness is useful for the breeding of aleurone traits to improve the nutritional and health values of rice. Here, we found that iodine staining could efficiently distinguish the aleurone layers, which revealed great variation of the aleurone thickness in rice, especially at the dorsal side of the seed. Therefore, we used a population of chromosome segmental substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from Koshihikari and Nona Bokra for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the dorsal aleurone thickness (DAT). Three QTLs, qDAT3.1, qDAT3.2, and qDAT7.1, were detected in multiple seasons. Among these, qDAT3.2 colocalizes with Hd6 and Hd16, two QTLs previously identified to regulate the heading date of Koshihikari, explaining the negative correlation between the DAT and days to heading (DTH) in rice. We also provide evidence that early-heading ensures the filling of rice seed under a relatively high temperature to promote aleurone thickening. qDAT7.1, the most stable QTL expressed in different environments, functions independently from heading date. Although Nona Bokra has a lower DAT, its qDAT7.1 allele significantly increased DAT in rice, which was further validated using two near-isogenic lines (NILs). These findings pave the way for further gene cloning of aleurone-related QTLs and may aid the development of highly nutritious rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ping Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Liu Y, Guo P, Wang J, Xu ZY. Growth-regulating factors: conserved and divergent roles in plant growth and development and potential value for crop improvement. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1122-1145. [PMID: 36582168 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High yield and stress resistance are the major prerequisites for successful crop cultivation, and can be achieved by modifying plant architecture. Evolutionarily conserved growth-regulating factors (GRFs) control the growth of different tissues and organs of plants. Here, we provide a systematic overview of the expression patterns of GRF genes and the structural features of GRF proteins in different plant species. Moreover, we illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs, microRNA396 (miR396), and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) in leaf, root, and flower development. We also describe the molecular networks involving the miR396-GRF-GIF module, and illustrate how this module coordinates with different signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators to control development of different plant species. GRFs promote leaf growth, accelerate grain filling, and increase grain size and weight. We also provide some molecular insight into how coordination between GRFs and other signaling modules enhances crop productivity; for instance, how the GRF-DELLA interaction confers yield-enhancing dwarfism while increasing grain yield. Finally, we discuss how the GRF-GIF chimera substantially improves plant transformation efficiency by accelerating shoot formation. Overall, we systematically review the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs and the miR396-GRF-GIF module in growth regulation, and also provide insights into how GRFs can be utilized to improve the productivity and nutrient content of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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6
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Yi W, Luan A, Liu C, Wu J, Zhang W, Zhong Z, Wang Z, Yang M, Chen C, He Y. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of GRF transcription factors in pineapple ( Ananas comosus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159223. [PMID: 37123828 PMCID: PMC10140365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Pineapple is the only commercially grown fruit crop in the Bromeliaceae family and has significant agricultural, industrial, economic, and ornamental value. GRF (growth-regulating factor) proteins are important transcription factors that have evolved in seed plants (embryophytes). They contain two conserved domains, QLQ (Gln, Leu, Gln) and WRC (Trp, Arg, Cys), and regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and stress response, including floral organ development, leaf growth, and hormone responses. The GRF family has been characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about this family in pineapple and other bromeliads. Main discoveries We identified eight GRF transcription factor genes in pineapple, and phylogenetic analysis placed them into five subfamilies (I, III, IV, V, VI). Segmental duplication appeared to be the major contributor to expansion of the AcGRF family, and the family has undergone strong purifying selection during evolution. Relative to that of other gene families, the gene structure of the GRF family showed less conservation. Analysis of promoter cis-elements suggested that AcGRF genes are widely involved in plant growth and development. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR results showed that, with the exception of AcGRF5, the AcGRFs were preferentially expressed in the early stage of floral organ development and AcGRF2 was strongly expressed in ovules. Gibberellin treatment significantly induced AcGRF7/8 expression, suggesting that these two genes may be involved in the molecular regulatory pathway by which gibberellin promotes pineapple fruit expansion. Conclusion AcGRF proteins appear to play a role in the regulation of floral organ development and the response to gibberellin. The information reported here provides a foundation for further study of the functions of AcGRF genes and the traits they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Luan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yehua He, ; Chengjie Chen,
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yehua He, ; Chengjie Chen,
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Developing Genetic Engineering Techniques for Control of Seed Size and Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113256. [PMID: 36362043 PMCID: PMC9655546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many signaling pathways regulate seed size through the development of endosperm and maternal tissues, which ultimately results in a range of variations in seed size or weight. Seed size can be determined through the development of zygotic tissues (endosperm and embryo) and maternal ovules. In addition, in some species such as rice, seed size is largely determined by husk growth. Transcription regulator factors are responsible for enhancing cell growth in the maternal ovule, resulting in seed growth. Phytohormones induce significant effects on entire features of growth and development of plants and also regulate seed size. Moreover, the vegetative parts are the major source of nutrients, including the majority of carbon and nitrogen-containing molecules for the reproductive part to control seed size. There is a need to increase the size of seeds without affecting the number of seeds in plants through conventional breeding programs to improve grain yield. In the past decades, many important genetic factors affecting seed size and yield have been identified and studied. These important factors constitute dynamic regulatory networks governing the seed size in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we summarized recent advances regarding the molecular factors regulating seed size in Arabidopsis and other crops, followed by discussions on strategies to comprehend crops' genetic and molecular aspects in balancing seed size and yield.
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8
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Liu J, Wu MW, Liu CM. Cereal Endosperms: Development and Storage Product Accumulation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:255-291. [PMID: 35226815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through coenocytic nuclear division, cellularization, aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, and storage product accumulation. In the past few decades, the cell biological processes involved in endosperm formation in most cereals have been described. Molecular genetic studies performed in recent years led to the identification of the genes underlying endosperm differentiation, regulatory network governing storage product accumulation, and epigenetic mechanism underlying imprinted gene expression. In this article, we outline recent progress in this area and propose hypothetical models to illustrate machineries that control aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, sugar loading, and storage product accumulations. A future challenge in this area is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularization, and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Ming-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao M, Liu H, Quan R, Zhang H, Huang R, Zhu L, Zhang Z. Cellulose synthase-like protein OsCSLD4 plays an important role in the response of rice to salt stress by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis to regulate osmotic stress tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:468-484. [PMID: 34664356 PMCID: PMC8882776 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis enzymes play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. The functions of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis enzymes in plant growth and development have been well studied. In contrast, their roles in plant responses to environmental stress are poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the rice cell wall cellulose synthase-like D4 protein (OsCSLD4) is involved in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and is important for rice growth and development. This study demonstrated that the OsCSLD4 function-disrupted mutant nd1 was sensitive to salt stress, but insensitive to abscisic acid (ABA). The expression of some ABA synthesis and response genes was repressed in nd1 under both normal and salt stress conditions. Exogenous ABA can restore nd1-impaired salt stress tolerance. Moreover, overexpression of OsCSLD4 can enhance rice ABA synthesis gene expression, increase ABA content and improve rice salt tolerance, thus implying that OsCSLD4-regulated rice salt stress tolerance is mediated by ABA synthesis. Additionally, nd1 decreased rice tolerance to osmotic stress, but not ion toxic tolerance. The results from the transcriptome analysis showed that more osmotic stress-responsive genes were impaired in nd1 than salt stress-responsive genes, thus indicating that OsCSLD4 is involved in rice salt stress response through an ABA-induced osmotic response pathway. Intriguingly, the disruption of OsCSLD4 function decreased grain width and weight, while overexpression of OsCSLD4 increased grain width and weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates a novel plant salt stress adaptation mechanism by which crops can coordinate salt stress tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Yayun Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
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10
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Kong K, Xu M, Xu Z, Sharmin RA, Zhang M, Zhao T. Combining Fine Mapping, Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing, and RNA-Seq Unravels Candidate Genes for a Soybean Mutant with Short Petioles and Weakened Pulvini. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:185. [PMID: 35205230 PMCID: PMC8872139 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A short petiole is an important agronomic trait for the development of plant ideotypes with high yields. However, the genetic basis underlying this trait remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized a novel soybean mutant with short petioles and weakened pulvini, designated as short petioles and weakened pulvini (spwp). Compared with the wild type (WT), the spwp mutant displayed shortened petioles, owing to the longitudinally decreased cell length, and exhibited a smaller pulvinus structure due to a reduction in motor cell proliferation and expansion. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of the spwp mutant was controlled by two recessive nuclear genes, named as spwp1 and spwp2. Using a map-based cloning strategy, the spwp1 locus was mapped in a 183 kb genomic region on chromosome 14 between markers S1413 and S1418, containing 15 annotated genes, whereas the spwp2 locus was mapped in a 195 kb genomic region on chromosome 11 between markers S1373 and S1385, containing 18 annotated genes. Based on the whole-genome re-sequencing and RNA-seq data, we identified two homologous genes, Glyma.11g230300 and Glyma.11g230600, as the most promising candidate genes for the spwp2 locus. In addition, the RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in the cytokinin and auxin signaling transduction networks were altered in the spwp mutant compared with the WT. Our findings provide new gene resources for insights into the genetic mechanisms of petiole development and pulvinus establishment, as well as soybean ideotype breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Kong
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Mengge Xu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Ripa Akter Sharmin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Cereal & Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.K.); (M.X.); (Z.X.); (R.A.S.)
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11
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Singh A, Mathan J, Yadav A, K. Goyal A, Chaudhury A. Molecular and Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Development in Cereals: Present Status and Future Prospects. CEREAL GRAINS - VOLUME 1 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils and protein, making them the world’s most important source of nutrition. The influence of rising global population, as well as the emergence and spread of disease, has the major impact on cereal production. To meet the demand, there is a pressing need to increase cereal production. Optimal seed development is a key agronomical trait that contributes to crop yield. The seed development and maturation is a complex process that includes not only embryo and endosperm development, but also accompanied by huge physiological, biochemical, metabolic, molecular and transcriptional changes. This chapter discusses the growth of cereal seed and highlights the novel biological insights, with a focus on transgenic and new molecular breeding, as well as biotechnological intervention strategies that have improved crop yield in two major cereal crops, primarily wheat and rice, over the last 21 years (2000–2021).
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12
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Li DQ, Wu XB, Wang HF, Feng X, Yan SJ, Wu SY, Liu JX, Yao XF, Bai AN, Zhao H, Song XF, Guo L, Zhang SY, Liu CM. Defective mitochondrial function by mutation in THICK ALEURONE 1 encoding a mitochondrion-targeted single-stranded DNA-binding protein leads to increased aleurone cell layers and improved nutrition in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1343-1361. [PMID: 34015460 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cereal endosperm comprises an outer aleurone and an inner starchy endosperm. Although these two tissues have the same developmental origin, they differ in morphology, cell fate, and storage product accumulation, with the mechanism largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of rice thick aleurone 1 (ta1) mutant that shows an increased number of aleurone cell layers and increased contents of nutritional factors including proteins, lipids, vitamins, dietary fibers, and micronutrients. We identified that the TA1 gene, which is expressed in embryo, aleurone, and subaleurone in caryopses, encodes a mitochondrion-targeted protein with single-stranded DNA-binding activity named OsmtSSB1. Cytological analyses revealed that the increased aleurone cell layers in ta1 originate from a developmental switch of subaleurone toward aleurone instead of starchy endosperm in the wild type. We found that TA1/OsmtSSB1 interacts with mitochondrial DNA recombinase RECA3 and DNA helicase TWINKLE, and downregulation of RECA3 or TWINKLE also leads to ta1-like phenotypes. We further showed that mutation in TA1/OsmtSSB1 causes elevated illegitimate recombinations in the mitochondrial genome, altered mitochondrial morphology, and compromised energy supply, suggesting that the OsmtSSB1-mediated mitochondrial function plays a critical role in subaleurone cell-fate determination in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Xiao-Ba Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shi-Juan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Jin-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Ai-Ning Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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13
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Shen C, Li G, Dreni L, Zhang D. Molecular Control of Carpel Development in the Grass Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635500. [PMID: 33664762 PMCID: PMC7921308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carpel is the ovule-bearing female reproductive organ of flowering plants and is required to ensure its protection, an efficient fertilization, and the development of diversified types of fruits, thereby it is a vital element of most food crops. The origin and morphological changes of the carpel are key to the evolution and adaption of angiosperms. Progresses have been made in elucidating the developmental mechanisms of carpel establishment in the model eudicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana, while little and fragmentary information is known in grasses, a family that includes many important crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying potential pathways of carpel development in grasses, including carpel identity determination, morphogenesis, and floral meristem determinacy. The known role of transcription factors, hormones, and miRNAs during grass carpel formation is summarized and compared with the extensively studied eudicot model plant Arabidopsis. The genetic and molecular aspects of carpel development that are conserved or diverged between grasses and eudicots are therefore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Ludovico Dreni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
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14
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Wang J, Yan LL, Yue ZL, Li HY, Ji XJ, Pu CX, Sun Y. Receptor-like kinase OsCR4 controls leaf morphogenesis and embryogenesis by fixing the distribution of auxin in rice. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:577-589. [PMID: 33092991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation is a key event in organ development; it involves auxin gradient formation, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Yet, how these processes are orchestrated during leaf morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the receptor-like kinase OsCR4 in leaf development. oscr4 loss-of-function mutants displayed short shoots and roots, with tiny, crinkly, or even dead leaves. The delayed outgrowth of the first three leaves and seminal root in oscr4 was due to defects in plumule and radicle formation during embryogenesis. The deformed epidermal, mesophyll, and vascular tissues observed in oscr4 leaves arose at the postembryo stage; the corresponding expression pattern of proOsCR4:GUS in embryos and young leaves suggests that OsCR4 functions in these tissues. Signals from the auxin reporter DR5rev:VENUS were found to be altered in oscr4 embryos and disorganized in oscr4 leaves, in which indole-3-acetic acid accumulation was further revealed by immunofluorescence. OsWOX3A, which is auxin responsive and related to leaf development, was activated extensively and ectopically in oscr4 leaves, partially accounting for the observed lack of cell differentiation. Our data suggest that OsCR4 plays a fundamental role in leaf morphogenesis and embryogenesis by fixing the distribution of auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Yue
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China; Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hao-Yue Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Ji
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Cui-Xia Pu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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15
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Chun Y, Fang J, Zafar SA, Shang J, Zhao J, Yuan S, Li X. MINI SEED 2 (MIS2) Encodes a Receptor-like Kinase that Controls Grain Size and Shape in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 32006119 PMCID: PMC6994593 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain size is a key agronomic trait that is directly associated with grain yield in rice. Although several genes related to grain size in rice have been identified, our understanding of the mechanism of grain development is still limited. RESULTS In this study, we reported the characterization of a novel seed size mutant mini seed 2 (mis2), in which the grain showed reduced length, width and thickness along with wrinkled surface. Microscopic analysis revealed that the spikelet epidermal cell size was reduced but the cell number was increased in the mis2 mutant, suggesting that MIS2 controls grain size by coordinately regulating epidermal cell size and cell number. Map-based cloning revealed that MIS2 encodes a receptor-like kinase CRINKLY4 (CR4) which showed the highest expression in developing panicles. The MIS2 protein is localized primarily on the plasma membrane along with the endosome. However, the Arg258Gln mutation located in extracellular domain in the mis2 mutant disturbed its subcellular localization. Additionally, three major haplotypes of MIS2 were identified in the japonica, indica and aus rice cultivars. The 18-bp InDel (insertion and deletion) in the 5'-UTR (untranslated region) caused different expression level of MIS2 in haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS We reported a key role of OsCR4 in controlling grain size and shape by coordinately regulating epidermal cell size and cell number. The Arg258 in the extracellular seven-repeat domain is essential for the correct subcellular behavior and function of the OsCR4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Syed Adeel Zafar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jiangyuan Shang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | | | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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16
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Ren D, Cui Y, Hu H, Xu Q, Rao Y, Yu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Zeng D, Hu J, Zhang G, Gao Z, Zhu L, Chen G, Shen L, Zhang Q, Guo L, Qian Q. AH2 encodes a MYB domain protein that determines hull fate and affects grain yield and quality in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:813-824. [PMID: 31357245 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The palea and lemma (hull) are grass-specific organs, and determine grain size and quality. In the study, AH2 encodes a MYB domain protein, and functions in the development of hull and grain. Mutation of AH2 produces smaller grains and alters grain quality including decreased amylose content and gel consistency, and increased protein content. Meantime, part of the hull lost the outer silicified cells, and induces a transformation of the outer rough epidermis to inner smooth epidermis cells, and the body of the palea was reduced in the ah2 mutant. We confirmed the function of AH2 by complementation, CRISPR-Cas9, and cytological and molecular tests. Additionally, AH2, as a repressor, repress transcription of the downstream genes. Our results revealed that AH2 plays an important role in the determination of hull epidermis development, palea identity, and grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Cui
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) are sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. GRF proteins interact with a transcription cofactor, GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), to form a functional transcriptional complex. For its activities, the GRF-GIF duo requires the SWITCH2/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING2 chromatin remodeling complex. One of the most conspicuous roles of the duo is conferring the meristematic potential on the proliferative and formative cells during organogenesis. GRF expression is post-transcriptionally down-regulated by microRNA396 (miR396), thus constructing the GRF-GIF-miR396 module and fine-tuning the duo’s action. Since the last comprehensive review articles were published over three years ago, many studies have added further insight into its action and elucidated new biological roles. The current review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how the GRF-GIF-miR396 module regulates plant growth and development. In addition, I revise the previous view on the evolutionary origin of the GRF gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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18
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Mutations in the DNA demethylase OsROS1 result in a thickened aleurone and improved nutritional value in rice grains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11327-11332. [PMID: 30275307 PMCID: PMC6217383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806304115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice endosperm, consisting of an outer single-cell layer aleurone and an inner starchy endosperm, is an important staple food for humans. While starchy endosperm stores mainly starch, the aleurone is rich in an array of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. To improve the nutritional value of rice, we screened for mutants with thickened aleurones using a half-seed assay and identified thick aleurone 2-1 (ta2-1), in which the aleurone has 4.8 ± 2.2 cell layers on average. Except for starch, the contents of all measured nutritional factors, including lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers, were increased in ta2-1 grains. Map-based cloning showed that TA2 encodes the DNA demethylase OsROS1. A point mutation in the 14th intron of OsROS1 led to alternative splicing that generated an extra transcript, mOsROS1, with a 21-nt insertion from the intron. Genetic analyses showed that the ta2-1 phenotype is inherited with an unusual gametophytic maternal effect, which is caused not by imprinted gene expression but rather by the presence of the mOsROS1 transcript. Five additional ta2 alleles with the increased aleurone cell layer and different inheritance patterns were identified by TILLING. Genome-wide bisulfite sequencing revealed general increases in CG and CHG methylations in ta2-1 endosperms, along with hypermethylation and reduced expression in two putative aleurone differentiation-related transcription factors. This study thus suggests that OsROS1-mediated DNA demethylation restricts the number of aleurone cell layers in rice and provides a way to improve the nutrition of rice.
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Shen F, Wu X, Shi L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Qi X, Wang Z, Li X. Transcriptomic and metabolic flux analyses reveal shift of metabolic patterns during rice grain development. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:47. [PMID: 29745852 PMCID: PMC5998905 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important grain crops, which serves as food source for nearly half of the world population. The study of rice development process as well as related strategies for production has made significant progress. However, the comprehensive study on development of different rice tissues at both transcriptomic and metabolic flux level across different stages was lacked. RESULTS In this study, we performed RNA-Seq and characterized the expression profiles of differentiated tissues from Oryza sativa Zhonghua 11, including leaves, sheath, stamen, pistil, lemma and palea of the booting stage, and embryo, endosperm, lemma and palea of the mature grain stage. By integrating this set of transcriptome data of different rice tissues at different stages with a genome-scale rice metabolic model, we generated tissue-specific models and investigated the shift of metabolic patterns, and the discrepancy between transcriptomic and metabolic level. We found although the flux patterns are not very similar with the gene expression pattern, the tissues at booting stage and mature grain stage can be separately clustered by primary metabolism at either level. While the gene expression and flux distribution of secondary metabolism is more diverse across tissues and stages. The critical rate-limiting reactions and pathways were also identified. In addition, we compared the patterns of the same tissue at different stages and the different tissues at same stage. There are more altered pathways at gene expression level than metabolic level, which indicate the metabolism is more robust to reflect the phenotype, and might largely because of the complex post-transcriptional modification. CONCLUSIONS The tissue-specific models revealed more detail metabolic pattern shift among different tissues and stages, which is of great significance to uncover mechanism of rice grain development and further improve production and quality of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoxi Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangmin Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Huang X, Peng X, Sun MX. OsGCD1 is essential for rice fertility and required for embryo dorsal-ventral pattern formation and endosperm development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1039-1058. [PMID: 28585692 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice fertility is critical for rice reproduction and is thus a focus of interest. Most studies have addressed male sterility and its relation to rice production. The mechanisms of regulation of embryogenesis and endosperm development are essential for rice reproduction, but remain largely unknown. Here, we report a functional analysis of the rice gene OsGCD1, which encodes a highly conserved homolog of Arabidopsis GCD1 (GAMETE CELLS DEFECTIVE1). OsGCD1 mutants were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and subjected to functional analysis. The homozygote mutants cannot be obtained, whereas heterozygotes showed altered phenotypes. In the majority of aborted seeds, the endosperm nucleus divided a limited number of times. The free nuclei were distributed only at the micropylar end of embryo sacs, and their oriented positioning was blocked. In addition, aleurone differentiation was interrupted. The embryo developed slowly, and pattern formation, particularly the dorsal-ventral pattern and symmetry establishment, of embryos was disturbed. Thus, the embryos showed various morphological and structural dysplasias. Our findings reveal that OsGCD1 is essential for rice fertility and is required for dorsal-ventral pattern formation and endosperm free nucleus positioning, suggesting a critical role in sexual reproduction of both monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Huang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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21
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Yan W, Chen Z, Lu J, Xu C, Xie G, Li Y, Deng XW, He H, Tang X. Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Causal Mutations in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2055. [PMID: 28144247 PMCID: PMC5239786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies (NGST) are being used to discover causal mutations in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized plant populations. However, the published protocols often deliver too many candidate sites and sometimes fail to find the mutant gene of interest. Accurate identification of the causal mutation from massive background polymorphisms and sequencing deficiencies remains challenging. Here we describe a NGST-based method, named SIMM, that can simultaneously identify the causal mutations in multiple independent mutants. Multiple rice mutants derived from the same parental line were back-crossed, and for each mutant, the derived F2 individuals of the recessive mutant phenotype were pooled and sequenced. The resulting sequences were aligned to the Nipponbare reference genome, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were subsequently compared among the mutants. Allele index (AI) and Euclidean distance (ED) were incorporated into the analysis to reduce noises caused by background polymorphisms and re-sequencing errors. Corrections of sequence bias against GC- and AT-rich sequences in the candidate region were conducted when necessary. Using this method, we successfully identified seven new mutant alleles from Huanghuazhan (HHZ), an elite indica rice cultivar in China. All mutant alleles were validated by phenotype association assay. A pipeline based on Perl scripts for SIMM is publicly available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/simm/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
| | - Chunjue Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hang He
- College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop DesignShenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
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22
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Chen M, Wu J, Wang L, Mantri N, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Wang S. Mapping and Genetic Structure Analysis of the Anthracnose Resistance Locus Co-1HY in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169954. [PMID: 28076395 PMCID: PMC5226810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose is a destructive disease of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The Andean cultivar Hongyundou has been demonstrated to possess strong resistance to anthracnose race 81. To study the genetics of this resistance, the Hongyundou cultivar was crossed with a susceptible genotype Jingdou. Segregation of resistance for race 81 was assessed in the F2 population and F2:3 lines under controlled conditions. Results indicate that Hongyundou carries a single dominant gene for anthracnose resistance. An allele test by crossing Hongyundou with another resistant cultivar revealed that the resistance gene is in the Co-1 locus (therefore named Co-1HY). The physical distance between this locus and the two flanking markers was 46 kb, and this region included four candidate genes, namely, Phvul.001G243500, Phvul.001G243600, Phvul.001G243700 and Phvul.001G243800. These candidate genes encoded serine/threonine-protein kinases. Expression analysis of the four candidate genes in the resistant and susceptible cultivars under control condition and inoculated treatment revealed that all the four candidate genes are expressed at significantly higher levels in the resistant genotype than in susceptible genotype. Phvul.001G243600 and Phvul.001G243700 are expressed nearly 15-fold and 90-fold higher in the resistant genotype than in the susceptible parent before inoculation, respectively. Four candidate genes will provide useful information for further research into the resistance mechanism of anthracnose in common bean. The closely linked flanking markers identified here may be useful for transferring the resistance allele Co-1HY from Hongyundou to elite anthracnose susceptible common bean lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nitin Mantri
- RMIT University, School of Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Wu X, Liu J, Li D, Liu CM. Rice caryopsis development II: Dynamic changes in the endosperm. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:786-98. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoba Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
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24
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Czyzewicz N, Nikonorova N, Meyer MR, Sandal P, Shah S, Vu LD, Gevaert K, Rao AG, De Smet I. The growing story of (ARABIDOPSIS) CRINKLY 4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4835-4847. [PMID: 27208540 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor kinases play important roles in plant growth and development, but only few of them have been functionally characterized in depth. Over the past decade CRINKLY 4 (CR4)-related research has peaked as a result of a newly discovered role of ARABIDOPSIS CR4 (ACR4) in the root. Here, we comprehensively review the available (A)CR4 literature and describe its role in embryo, seed, shoot, and root development, but we also flag an unexpected role in plant defence. In addition, we discuss ACR4 domains and protein structure, describe known ACR4-interacting proteins and substrates, and elaborate on the transcriptional regulation of ACR4 Finally, we address the missing knowledge in our understanding of ACR4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Natalia Nikonorova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew R Meyer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Priyanka Sandal
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shweta Shah
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Gururaj Rao
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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25
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Qiu J, Hou Y, Tong X, Wang Y, Lin H, Liu Q, Zhang W, Li Z, Nallamilli BR, Zhang J. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of early seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:249-265. [PMID: 26613898 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed serves as a major food source for over half of the global population. Though it has been long recognized that phosphorylation plays an essential role in rice seed development, the phosphorylation events and dynamics in this process remain largely unknown so far. Here, we report the first large scale identification of rice seed phosphoproteins and phosphosites by using a quantitative phosphoproteomic approach. Thorough proteomic studies in pistils and seeds at 3, 7 days after pollination resulted in the successful identification of 3885, 4313 and 4135 phosphopeptides respectively. A total of 2487 proteins were differentially phosphorylated among the three stages, including Kip related protein 1, Rice basic leucine zipper factor 1, Rice prolamin box binding factor and numerous other master regulators of rice seed development. Moreover, differentially phosphorylated proteins may be extensively involved in the biosynthesis and signaling pathways of phytohormones such as auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid. Our results strongly indicated that protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism regulating cell proliferation and enlargement, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, grain filling and grain quality during rice seed development. Overall, the current study enhanced our understanding of the rice phosphoproteome and shed novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of rice seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Babi R Nallamilli
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Xiang C, Liang X, Chu R, Duan M, Cheng J, Ding Z, Wang J. Fine mapping of a palea defective 1 (pd1), a locus associated with palea and stamen development in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:2151-2159. [PMID: 26441054 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : pd1, a genetic factor in a 69 kb region between RM11239 and RM11245 on rice chromosome 1, controls stamen number and palea development. Spikelets are important organs that store photosynthetic products in rice. Spikelet development directly affects grain yield and rice quality. Here, we report a palea defective (pd1) mutant identified from selfing progenies of indica cv. 93-11 after (60)Co γ ray treatment. pd1 mutant flowers only had four stamens (wild-type has six), but pollen fertility was not affected. Compared with 93-11 palea, pd1 mutant palea showed smaller and flatter leaf, which caused the lemma to bend excessively inward. pd1 mutants had only 46% seed setting rate and 21.6 g 1000-grain weight, which led to two-thirds loss of grain yield. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that pd1 mutants had reduced epidermal cell size and reduced numbers of fibrous sclerenchyma cells in both palea and lemma. To analyze the genetic factors involved, we crossed pd1 mutants with three japonica cultivars and generated F1 and F2 populations. The F1 phenotype and F2 segregation ratio indicated that a recessive gene controlled the mutant traits. Using the F2 population, we found that pd1 mapped between the simple sequence repeat markers RM11236 and RM11280 on rice chromosome 1. From a segregating population of 2836 plants, 77 recombinants were screened by RM11236 and RM11280. High-resolution linkage analysis narrowed the pd1 locus to a 69 kb region between RM11239 and RM11245 that contained 10 open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence alignment and quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis of these ORFs between 93-11 and pd1 mutant plants found no unequivocal evidence to identify the pd1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruizhen Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhengquan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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27
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Nikonorova N, Vu LD, Czyzewicz N, Gevaert K, De Smet I. A phylogenetic approach to study the origin and evolution of the CRINKLY4 family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:880. [PMID: 26557128 PMCID: PMC4617170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and relies to a large extent on peptide ligand-receptor kinase signaling mechanisms. The CRINKLY4 (CR4) family of receptor-like kinases is involved in a wide range of developmental processes in plants, including mediating columella stem cell identity and differentiation in the Arabidopsis thaliana root tip. Members of the CR4 family contain a signal peptide, an extracellular part, a single-pass transmembrane helix and an intracellular cytoplasmic protein kinase domain. The main distinguishing features of the family are the presence of seven "crinkly" repeats and a TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR (TNFR)-like domain in the extracellular part. Here, we investigated the evolutionary origin of the CR4 family and explored to what extent members of this family are conserved throughout the green lineage. We identified members of the CR4 family in various dicots and monocots, and also in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. In addition, we attempted to gain insight in the evolutionary origin of different CR4-specific domains, and we could detect "crinkly" repeat containing proteins already in single celled algae. Finally, we related the presence of likely functional CR4 orthologs to its best described signaling module comprising CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 40 (CLE40), WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), CLAVATA 1 (CLV1), and ARABIDOPSIS CR4 (ACR4), and established that this module likely is already present in bryophytes and lycophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nikonorova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Lam D. Vu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamLoughborough, UK
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamLoughborough, UK
- Center for Plant Integrative Biology, University of NottinghamLoughborough, UK
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28
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Kim JH, Tsukaya H. Regulation of plant growth and development by the GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR duo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6093-107. [PMID: 26160584 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are key regulators of gene expression and play pivotal roles in all aspects of living organisms. Therefore, identification and functional characterization of transcription factors is a prerequisite step toward understanding life. This article reviews molecular and biological functions of the two transcription regulator families, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), which have only recently been recognized. A myriad of experimental evidence clearly illustrates that GRF and GIF are bona fide partner proteins and form a plant-specific transcriptional complex. One of the most conspicuous outcomes from this research field is that the GRF-GIF duo endows the primordial cells of vegetative and reproductive organs with a meristematic specification state, guaranteeing the supply of cells for organogenesis and successful reproduction. It has recently been shown that GIF1 proteins, also known as ANGUSTIFOLIA3, recruit chromatin remodelling complexes to target genes, and that AtGRF expression is directly activated by the floral identity factors, APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3, providing an important insight into understanding of the action of GRF-GIF. Moreover, GRF genes are extensively subjected to post-transcriptional control by microRNA396, revealing the presence of a complex regulatory circuit in regulation of plant growth and development by the GRF-GIF duo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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29
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Omidbakhshfard MA, Proost S, Fujikura U, Mueller-Roeber B. Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs): A Small Transcription Factor Family with Important Functions in Plant Biology. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:998-1010. [PMID: 25620770 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that were originally identified for their roles in stem and leaf development, but recent studies highlight them to be similarly important for other central developmental processes including flower and seed formation, root development, and the coordination of growth processes under adverse environmental conditions. The expression of several GRFs is controlled by microRNA miR396, and the GRF-miRNA396 regulatory module appears to be central to several of these processes. In addition, transcription factors upstream of GRFs and miR396 have been discovered, and gradually downstream target genes of GRFs are being unraveled. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biological functions performed by GRFs and survey available molecular data to illustrate how they exert their roles at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Omidbakhshfard
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Proost
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ushio Fujikura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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30
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Li CH, Wang G, Zhao JL, Zhang LQ, Ai LF, Han YF, Sun DY, Zhang SW, Sun Y. The Receptor-Like Kinase SIT1 Mediates Salt Sensitivity by Activating MAPK3/6 and Regulating Ethylene Homeostasis in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2538-2553. [PMID: 24907341 PMCID: PMC4114950 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.125187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High salinity causes growth inhibition and shoot bleaching in plants that do not tolerate high salt (glycophytes), including most crops. The molecules affected directly by salt and linking the extracellular stimulus to intracellular responses remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rice (Oryza sativa) Salt Intolerance 1 (SIT1), a lectin receptor-like kinase expressed mainly in root epidermal cells, mediates salt sensitivity. NaCl rapidly activates SIT1, and in the presence of salt, as SIT1 kinase activity increased, plant survival decreased. Rice MPK3 and MPK6 function as the downstream effectors of SIT1. SIT1 phosphorylates MPK3 and 6, and their activation by salt requires SIT1. SIT1 mediates ethylene production and salt-induced ethylene signaling. SIT1 promotes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to growth inhibition and plant death under salt stress, which occurred in an MPK3/6- and ethylene signaling-dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a SIT1-MPK3/6 cascade that mediates salt sensitivity by affecting ROS and ethylene homeostasis and signaling. These results provide important information for engineering salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Geng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Long Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qing Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Feng Ai
- Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050028, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Da-Ye Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
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31
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Abstract
Grasses bear unique flowers lacking obvious petals and sepals in special inflorescence units, the florets and the spikelet. Despite this, grass floral organs such as stamens and lodicules (petal homologs) are specified by ABC homeotic genes encoding MADS domain transcription factors, suggesting that the ABC model of eudicot flower development is largely applicable to grass flowers. However, some modifications need to be made for the model to fit grasses well: for example, a YABBY gene plays an important role in carpel specification. In addition, a number of genes are involved in the development of the lateral organs that constitute the spikelet. In this review, we discuss recent progress in elucidating the genes required for flower and spikelet development in grasses, together with those involved in fate determination of the spikelet and flower meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
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Zhou SR, Yin LL, Xue HW. Functional genomics based understanding of rice endosperm development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:236-46. [PMID: 23582455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed development, especially the relevant regulatory mechanism and genetic network are of fundamental scientific interest. Seed development consists of the development of embryo and endosperm; and endosperm development of rice (model species of monocots) is closely related to grain yield and quality. Recent genetic studies, together with other approaches, including transcriptome and proteomics analysis, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq, ChIP-seq), revealed the crucial roles of genetic and epigenetic controls in rice endosperm development. Here we summarize and update the genetic networks involved in the regulation of endosperm initiation, cell cycle regulation, aleurone layer specification, starch synthesis, storage protein accumulation and endosperm size, and the interactions between embryo and endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300, Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Riemann M, Haga K, Shimizu T, Okada K, Ando S, Mochizuki S, Nishizawa Y, Yamanouchi U, Nick P, Yano M, Minami E, Takano M, Yamane H, Iino M. Identification of rice Allene Oxide Cyclase mutants and the function of jasmonate for defence against Magnaporthe oryzae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:226-38. [PMID: 23347338 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two photomorphogenic mutants of rice, coleoptile photomorphogenesis 2 (cpm2) and hebiba, were found to be defective in the gene encoding allene oxide cyclase (OsAOC) by map-based cloning and complementation assays. Examination of the enzymatic activity of recombinant GST-OsAOC indicated that OsAOC is a functional enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and related compounds. The level of jasmonate was extremely low in both mutants, in agreement with the fact that rice has only one gene encoding allene oxide cyclase. Several flower-related mutant phenotypes were observed, including morphological abnormalities of the flower and early flowering. We used these mutants to investigate the function of jasmonate in the defence response to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Inoculation assays with fungal spores revealed that both mutants are more susceptible than wild-type to an incompatible strain of M. oryzae, in such a way that hyphal growth was enhanced in mutant tissues. The level of jasmonate isoleucine, a bioactive form of jasmonate, increased in response to blast infection. Furthermore, blast-induced accumulation of phytoalexins, especially that of the flavonoid sakuranetin, was found to be severely impaired in cpm2 and hebiba. Together, the present study demonstrates that, in rice, jasmonate mediates the defence response against blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Pu CX, Sun Y. Rice Crinkly4 receptor-like kinase positively regulates culm elongation and amino acid K532 is not essential for its kinase activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1062-4. [PMID: 22899082 PMCID: PMC3489627 DOI: 10.4161/psb.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play important roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. As a member of the TNFR-like RLK subfamily, rice Crinkly4 (OsCR4) functions mainly in epidermal cell differentiation in many organs. Here we show that in addition to its essential role in epidermal cell differentiation in the palea and lemma, OsCR4 positively regulates rice culm elongation, similar to maize CR4. Although OsCR4 is an active kinase, like CR4 in maize and ACR4 in Arabidopsis, the conserved amino acid K532 in OsCR4 is not essential for its kinase activity in vitro. Whether other conserved amino acids are required for its kinase activity and the relationship between its activity and function in plant development remain to be investigated.
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Tackling drought stress: receptor-like kinases present new approaches. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:2262-78. [PMID: 22693282 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.096677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change and a growing population require tackling the reduction in arable land and improving biomass production and seed yield per area under varying conditions. One of these conditions is suboptimal water availability. Here, we review some of the classical approaches to dealing with plant response to drought stress and we evaluate how research on RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES (RLKs) can contribute to improving plant performance under drought stress. RLKs are considered as key regulators of plant architecture and growth behavior, but they also function in defense and stress responses. The available literature and analyses of available transcript profiling data indeed suggest that RLKs can play an important role in optimizing plant responses to drought stress. In addition, RLK pathways are ideal targets for nontransgenic approaches, such as synthetic molecules, providing a novel strategy to manipulate their activity and supporting translational studies from model species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, to economically useful crops.
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