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Ueno F, Sakuma M, Nakajima S, Tsugawa S, Ochi R, Tani H, Noda Y, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Oshima S, Matsushita S. Acetaldehyde-mediated increase in glutamatergic and N-acetylaspartate neurometabolite levels in the midcingulate cortex of ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygous young adults. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:58-71. [PMID: 38206287 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the neurobiology underlying alcohol's effect on the human brain, we examined the acute effects of moderate alcohol administration on levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites and N-acetylaspartate, an amino acid found in neurons, may reflect disordered neuronal integrity. METHODS Eighteen healthy Japanese participants (7 males/11 females) aged 20-30 years who were heterozygous for an inactive allele of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH/*1/*2) were included. Participants underwent an intravenous alcohol infusion using the clamp method at a target blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.50 mg/mL for 90 min within a range of ±0.05 mg/mL. We examined glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and N-acetylaspartate N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAA) levels in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) using 3 T 1 H-MRS PRESS at baseline, 90 min, and 180 min (i.e., 90 min after alcohol infusion was finished). A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess longitudinal changes in Glx and NAA levels, with time and sex as within- and between-subject factors, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated among neurometabolite levels and BAC or blood acetaldehyde concentration (BAAC). RESULTS Both Glx (F(2,32) = 8.15, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.15) and NAA (F(2,32) = 5.01, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.07) levels were increased after alcohol injection. There were no sex or time × sex interaction effects observed. NAA levels were positively correlated with BAAC at 90 min (r(13) = 0.77, p = 0.01). There were no associations between neurometabolite levels and BAC. CONCLUSIONS Both Glx and NAA levels in the MCC increased in response to the administration of moderate concentrations of alcohol. Given positive associations between NAA levels and BAAC and the hypothetical glutamate release via dopamine pathways, the effects of drinking on the MCC in the acute phase may be ascribed to acetaldehyde metabolized from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Oshima
- Sustainable Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Moriya, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
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Gasparyan A, Maldonado Sanchez D, Navarrete F, Sion A, Navarro D, García-Gutiérrez MS, Rubio Valladolid G, Jurado Barba R, Manzanares J. Cognitive Alterations in Addictive Disorders: A Translational Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 37509436 PMCID: PMC10376598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cognitive decline in people with substance use disorders is well known and can be found during both the dependence and drug abstinence phases. At the clinical level, cognitive decline impairs the response to addiction treatment and increases dropout rates. It can be irreversible, even after the end of drug abuse consumption. Improving our understanding of the molecular and cellular alterations associated with cognitive decline could be essential to developing specific therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Developing animal models to simulate drug abuse-induced learning and memory alterations is critical to continue exploring this clinical situation. The main aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on cognitive impairment and the associated biological markers in patients addicted to some of the most consumed drugs of abuse and in animal models simulating this clinical situation. The available information suggests the need to develop more studies to further explore the molecular alterations associated with cognitive impairment, with the ultimate goal of developing new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio Valladolid
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado Barba
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Simon B, Buzás A, Bokor P, Csabafi K, Ibos KE, Bodnár É, Török L, Földesi I, Siska A, Bagosi Z. The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal on Hypothalamic Neurohormones and Extrahypothalamic Neurotransmitters. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051288. [PMID: 37238959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal on hypothalamic neurohormones such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and extrahypothalamic neurotransmitters such as striatal dopamine (DA), amygdalar gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and hippocampal glutamate (GLU). In addition, the participation of the two CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, was investigated. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were exposed to repeated intraperitoneal (ip) administration of alcohol every 12 h, for 4 days and then for 1 day of alcohol abstinence. On the fifth or sixth day, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of selective CRF1 antagonist antalarmin or selective CRF2 antagonist astressin2B was performed. After 30 min, the expression and concentration of hypothalamic CRF and AVP, the concentration of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT), and the release of striatal DA, amygdalar GABA, and hippocampal GLU were measured. Our results indicate that the neuroendocrine changes induced by alcohol intoxication and withdrawal are mediated by CRF1, not CRF2, except for the changes in hypothalamic AVP, which are not mediated by CRF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Simon
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Buzás
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bokor
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Csabafi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Eszter Ibos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Bodnár
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Török
- Department of Traumatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Siska
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bagosi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Fernández-Rodríguez S, Cano-Cebrián MJ, Esposito-Zapero C, Pérez S, Guerri C, Zornoza T, Polache A. N-Acetylcysteine normalizes brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation observed after protracted ethanol abstinence: a preclinical study in long-term ethanol-experienced male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:725-738. [PMID: 36708386 PMCID: PMC10006045 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Using a preclinical model based on the Alcohol Deprivation Effect (ADE), we have reported that N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) can prevent the relapse-like drinking behaviour in long-term ethanol-experienced male rats. OBJECTIVES To investigate if chronic ethanol intake and protracted abstinence affect several glutamate transporters and whether NAC, administered during the withdrawal period, could restore the ethanol-induced brain potential dysfunctions. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NAC during abstinence in rats under the ADE paradigm were also explored. METHODS The expression of GLT1, GLAST and xCT in nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and dorsal striatum (DS) of male Wistar was analysed after water and chronic ethanol intake. We used the model based on the ADE within another cohort of male Wistar rats. During the fourth abstinence period, rats were treated for 9 days with vehicle or NAC (60, 100 mg/kg; s.c.). The effects of NAC treatment on (i) glutamate transporters expression in the Nacc and DS, (ii) the oxidative status in the hippocampus (Hip) and amygdala (AMG) and (iii) some neuroinflammatory markers in prefrontal cortex (PFC) were tested. RESULTS NAC chronic administration during protracted abstinence restored oxidative stress markers (GSSG and GGSH/GSH) in the Hip. Furthermore, NAC was able to normalize some neuroinflammation markers in PFC without normalizing the observed downregulation of GLT1 and GLAST in Nacc. CONCLUSIONS NAC restores brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that we previously observed after protracted ethanol abstinence in long-term ethanol-experienced male rats. This NAC effect could be a plausible mechanism for its anti-relapse effect. Also, brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation could represent and identify plausible targets for searching new anti-relapse pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Cano-Cebrián
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Esposito-Zapero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teodoro Zornoza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Polache
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) has effects on numerous cellular molecular targets, and alterations in synaptic function are prominent among these effects. Acute exposure to EtOH activates or inhibits the function of proteins involved in synaptic transmission, while chronic exposure often produces opposing and/or compensatory/homeostatic effects on the expression, localization, and function of these proteins. Interactions between different neurotransmitters (e.g., neuropeptide effects on release of small molecule transmitters) can also influence both acute and chronic EtOH actions. Studies in intact animals indicate that the proteins affected by EtOH also play roles in the neural actions of the drug, including acute intoxication, tolerance, dependence, and the seeking and drinking of EtOH. The present chapter is an update of our previous Lovinger and Roberto (Curr Top Behav Neurosci 13:31-86, 2013) chapter and reviews the literature describing these acute and chronic synaptic effects of EtOH with a focus on adult animals and their relevance for synaptic transmission, plasticity, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Molecular Medicine Department, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Fernández-Rodríguez S, Cano-Cebrián MJ, Rius-Pérez S, Pérez S, Guerri C, Granero L, Zornoza T, Polache A. Different brain oxidative and neuroinflammation status in rats during prolonged abstinence depending on their ethanol relapse-like drinking behavior: Effects of ethanol reintroduction. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109284. [PMID: 35033958 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic alcohol consumption is associated with excessive oxidative damage and neuroinflammatory processes and these events have been associated to early alcohol withdrawal. In the present research we wonder if brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation remains altered during prolonged withdrawal situations and whether these alterations can be correlated with relapse behavior in alcohol consumption. The effects of alcohol reintroduction were also evaluated METHODS: We have used a model based on the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) within a cohort of wild-type male Wistar rats. Two subpopulations were identified according to the alcohol relapse-like drinking behavior displayed (ADE and NO-ADE subpopulations). Oxidized and reduced glutathione content was determined within the hippocampus and the amygdala using a mass spectrometry method. The levels of mRNA of seven different inflammatory mediators in the prefrontal cortex of rats were quantified. All the analyses were performed in two different conditions: after 21-day alcohol deprivation (prolonged abstinence) and after 24 h of ethanol reintroduction in both subpopulations. RESULTS ADE and NO-ADE rats showed different endophenotypes. ADE rats always displayed a significant lower alcohol intake rate and ethanol preference than NO-ADE rats. The results also demonstrated the existence of altered brain redox and neuroinflammation status after prolonged abstinence exclusively in ADE rats. Moreover, when ethanol was reintroduced in the ADE subpopulation, altered oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers were restored. CONCLUSIONS Present findings provide new mechanisms underlying the neurobiology of relapse behavior and suggest the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat alcohol-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández-Rodríguez
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M J Cano-Cebrián
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - S Rius-Pérez
- Departament de Fisiologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - S Pérez
- Departament de Fisiologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - C Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Carrer d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - L Granero
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - T Zornoza
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - A Polache
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Stefanello FV, Müller TE, Franscescon F, Quadros VA, Souza TP, Canzian J, Leitemperger J, Loro VL, Rosemberg DB. Taurine modulates behavioral effects of intermittent ethanol exposure without changing brain monoamine oxidase activity in zebrafish: Attenuation of shoal- and anxiety-like responses, and abolishment of memory acquisition deficit. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 209:173256. [PMID: 34416220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged alcohol consumption has been considered as an important risk factor for various diseases. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) intake is associated with deleterious effects on brain functions culminating in robust behavioral changes. Notably, drugs available to treat the effects of EtOH have low therapeutic efficacy so far. Taurine (TAU) appears as a promising neuroprotective molecule due to its pleiotropic action in the brain. Here, we investigated whether TAU plays a beneficial role in different behavioral domains of zebrafish submitted to an intermittent EtOH exposure model, specially focusing on social behavior, anxiety-like responses, and memory. Moreover, since monoamines play a role in EtOH-mediated responses, we also evaluated the influence of both TAU and EtOH exposures on brain monoamine oxidase (Z-MAO) activity. Fish were exposed to non-chlorinated water or 1% EtOH for 8 consecutive days (20 min per day). From the 5th day until the end of the experimental period (8th day), animals were kept in the absence or presence of TAU (42, 150, or 400 mg/L) 1 h per day immediately after EtOH exposure. Behavioral measurements started 24 h after the last EtOH exposure. We observed that TAU showed modest attenuating effects on shoaling behavior and anxiety-like responses, while 42 and 150 mg/L TAU abolished the memory acquisition deficit in the inhibitory avoidance task. Biochemical analysis revealed that TAU did not modulate EtOH-induced increase on brain Z-MAO activity. Collectively, our novel data show a potential beneficial effect of TAU in an intermittent EtOH exposure model in zebrafish. Moreover, these findings foster the growing utility of this aquatic species to investigate the neurobehavioral basis of EtOH- and TAU-mediated responses in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia V Stefanello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Quadros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thiele P Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Leitemperger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vania L Loro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Anenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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Nosova O, Bazov I, Karpyak V, Hallberg M, Bakalkin G. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of the Opioid Prodynorphine Gene: In-Depth Analysis in the Human Brain. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113458. [PMID: 34200173 PMCID: PMC8201134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides serve as neurohormones and local paracrine regulators that control neural networks regulating behavior, endocrine system and sensorimotor functions. Their expression is characterized by exceptionally restricted profiles. Circuit-specific and adaptive expression of neuropeptide genes may be defined by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms controlled by cell type and subtype sequence-specific transcription factors, insulators and silencers. The opioid peptide dynorphins play a critical role in neurological and psychiatric disorders, pain processing and stress, while their mutations cause profound neurodegeneration in the human brain. In this review, we focus on the prodynorphin gene as a model for the in-depth epigenetic and transcriptional analysis of expression of the neuropeptide genes. Prodynorphin studies may provide a framework for analysis of mechanisms relevant for regulation of neuropeptide genes in normal and pathological human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Nosova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (O.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Igor Bazov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.B.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Mathias Hallberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (O.N.); (G.B.)
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Pankowska A, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Pietura R, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021; 11:362. [PMID: 33673489 PMCID: PMC7997340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/ threonine kinase, is implicated in synaptic plasticity by controlling protein synthesis. Research suggests that ethanol exposure during pregnancy alters the mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal hippocampus. Thus, we investigated the influence of pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, on the development of recognition memory deficits in adult rats that were neonatally exposed to ethanol. In the study, male and female rat pups received ethanol (5 g/kg/day) by intragastric intubation at postanatal day (PND 4-9), an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Rapamycin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally before every ethanol administration. Short- and long-term recognition memory was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in adult (PND 59/60) rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were also evaluated to exclude the influence of such behavior on the outcome of the memory task. Moreover, the effects of rapamycin pre-treatment during neonatal ethanol exposure on the content of amino-acids and amines essential for the proper development of cognitive function in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in male adult (PND 60) rats. Our results show the deleterious effect of ethanol given to neonatal rats on long-term recognition memory in adults. The effect was more pronounced in male rather than female rats. Rapamycin reversed this ethanol-induced memory impairment and normalized the levels of amino acids and amines in the DG. This suggests the involvement of mTORC1 in the deleterious effect of ethanol on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lopatynska-Mazurek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Anna Pankowska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Radoslaw Pietura
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
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10
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Stennett BA, Knackstedt LA. A Rat Model of Cocaine-Alcohol Polysubstance Use Reveals Altered Cocaine Seeking and Glutamate Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:877. [PMID: 32982672 PMCID: PMC7488193 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models of cocaine use disorder are widely utilized to identify neuroadaptations underlying cocaine seeking and to screen medications to reduce seeking. However, while the majority of cocaine users engage in poly-substance use (PSU), a minority of preclinical studies employ PSU models. We previously reported that when rats consume alcohol after daily intravenous cocaine self-administration, nucleus accumbens (NA) core basal glutamate levels are reduced below those of rats that consumed only cocaine, and do not increase during cue + cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Here we used the same model of sequential cocaine and alcohol self-administration to test the hypothesis that a similar pattern of glutamate changes would be observed in the NA core prior to and during a cocaine-primed reinstatement test. Rats underwent intravenous cocaine self-administration followed by access to unsweetened alcohol in the home cage for 12 days. Rats underwent a minimum of 12 daily extinction sessions prior to a cocaine-primed reinstatement test conducted during microdialysis procedures. Contrary to our previous work using the same model, here we found that access to alcohol increased cocaine intake and increased responding during early extinction training. We found that as in our previous work, cocaine + alcohol-consuming rats displayed basal glutamate levels below those of rats that self-administered only cocaine. During the cocaine-primed reinstatement test, rats that consumed only cocaine displayed increased glutamate efflux in the NA core while those that consumed cocaine + alcohol did not. These results indicate that preclinical models of PSU should be utilized to develop experimental therapeutics for the reduction of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A. Stennett
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Stennett BA, Padovan-Hernandez Y, Knackstedt LA. Sequential cocaine-alcohol self-administration produces adaptations in rat nucleus accumbens core glutamate homeostasis that are distinct from those produced by cocaine self-administration alone. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:441-450. [PMID: 31266052 PMCID: PMC6969168 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no FDA-approved medications to reduce cocaine relapse. The majority of preclinical studies aimed at identifying the neurobiology underlying relapse involve the self-administration of cocaine alone, whereas many, if not a majority, of cocaine users engage in polysubstance use. Here we developed a rat model of sequential cocaine and alcohol self-administration to test the hypothesis that this combination produces distinct neuroadaptations relative to those produced by cocaine alone. Male rats underwent intravenous cocaine self-administration (2 h/day) followed by 6 h access to unsweetened alcohol (20% v/v) for 12 days. After extinction training, we assessed surface expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamate efflux in the nucleus accumbens (NA) core during the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. We also tested the ability of ceftriaxone to attenuate the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking and assessed reinstatement-induced Fos expression in several regions critical for reinstatement. Alcohol consumption did not alter cocaine intake, nor did access to cocaine alter alcohol consumption. However, we noted significant changes in glutamate homeostasis in the NA core of cocaine + alcohol rats relative to rats consuming cocaine alone, such as increased surface GLT-1 expression and a lack of increase in glutamate efflux during reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. A history of cocaine + alcohol also altered patterns of reinstatement-induced Fos expression. These changes likely account for the inability of ceftriaxone to attenuate cocaine relapse in cocaine + alcohol rats, while it does so in rats consuming only cocaine. As such glutamate neuroadaptations are targeted by medications to reduce cocaine relapse, preclinical models should consider polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Stennett
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yasmin Padovan-Hernandez
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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12
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Mira RG, Lira M, Tapia-Rojas C, Rebolledo DL, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Effect of Alcohol on Hippocampal-Dependent Plasticity and Behavior: Role of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:288. [PMID: 32038190 PMCID: PMC6993074 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic alcohol drinking and alcohol dependence are an increasing health problem worldwide. Alcohol abuse is responsible for approximately 5% of the total deaths in the world, but addictive consumption of it has a substantial impact on neurological and memory disabilities throughout the population. One of the better-studied brain areas involved in cognitive functions is the hippocampus, which is also an essential brain region targeted by ethanol. Accumulated evidence in several rodent models has shown that ethanol treatment produces cognitive impairment in hippocampal-dependent tasks. These adverse effects may be related to the fact that ethanol impairs the cellular and synaptic plasticity mechanisms, including adverse changes in neuronal morphology, spine architecture, neuronal communication, and finally an increase in neuronal death. There is evidence that the damage that occurs in the different brain structures is varied according to the stage of development during which the subjects are exposed to ethanol, and even much earlier exposure to it would cause damage in the adult stage. Studies on the cellular and cognitive deficiencies produced by alcohol in the brain are needed in order to search for new strategies to reduce alcohol neuronal toxicity and to understand its consequences on memory and cognitive performance with emphasis on the crucial stages of development, including prenatal events to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Lira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Daniela L Rebolledo
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura and Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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13
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Kapourchali FR, Louis XL, Eskin MNA, Suh M. A pilot study on the effect of early provision of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on testis development, functions, and sperm quality in rats exposed to prenatal ethanol. Birth Defects Res 2019; 112:93-104. [PMID: 31697449 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure is associated with adverse effect on the male reproductive function. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known to improve testis function and sperm parameters, thereby male fertility. This study piloted whether dietary DHA influences testis development and function in rats exposed to prenatal EtOH. METHODS Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) received either EtOH (3 g/kg, twice a day, n = 14) or dextrose (n = 16) throughout pregnancy. Moreover, they were fed either diet supplemented with (Cont + DHA, n = 8, EtOH + DHA, n = 6) or without DHA (1.4% w/w of total fatty acids) (Cont, EtOH, n = 8 each), with pups being continued on their mothers' diet after weaning. Tissues were collected at gestational day (GD) 20, postnatal day (PD) 4, 21, 49 and 90 for analyzing testicular developmental markers and sperm parameters, and plasma for testosterone. RESULTS Dietary DHA increased serum testosterone at GD20 (p < .05) and sperm normal morphology at PD90 (p < .0001) compared to the group without DHA supplementation. Dietary DHA also increased the height of germinal epithelium at peripuberty, PD49 (p < .03). The EtOH exposure induced a marked decline in the testicular gene expression of StAR at PD49 (p < .02) than those of non-EtOH treated group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that dietary DHA may positively contribute to male fertility by impacting sperm normal morphology likely by increasing fetal testosterone level. Prenatal EtOH exposure did not adversely affect the overall testis developmental markers during development and sperm parameters in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh R Kapourchali
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xavier L Louis
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael N A Eskin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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14
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Bifone A, Gozzi A, Cippitelli A, Matzeu A, Domi E, Li H, Scuppa G, Cannella N, Ubaldi M, Weiss F, Ciccocioppo. phMRI, neurochemical and behavioral responses to psychostimulants distinguishing genetically selected alcohol-preferring from genetically heterogenous rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:981-993. [PMID: 30328656 PMCID: PMC6697752 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is often associated with other forms of drug abuse, suggesting that innate predisposing factors may confer vulnerability to addiction to diverse substances. However, the neurobiological bases of these factors remain unknown. Here, we have used a combination of imaging, neurochemistry and behavioral techniques to investigate responses to the psychostimulant amphetamine in Marchigian Sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats, a model of vulnerability to alcoholism. Specifically, we employed pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural circuits engaged by amphetamine challenge, and to relate functional reactivity to neurochemical and behavioral responses. Moreover, we studied self-administration of cocaine in the msP rats. We found stronger functional responses in the extended amygdala, alongside with increased release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell and augmented vertical locomotor activity compared with controls. Wistar and msP rats did not differ in operant cocaine self-administration under short access (2 hours) conditions, but msP rats exhibited a higher propensity to escalate drug intake following long access (6 hours). Our findings suggest that neurobiological and genetic mechanisms that convey vulnerability to excessive alcohol drinking also facilitate the transition from psychostimulants use to abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - A Gozzi
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - A Cippitelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - A Matzeu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - E Domi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - H Li
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - G Scuppa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - N Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - M Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - F Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ciccocioppo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
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15
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Wang WT, Lee P, Hui D, Michaelis EK, Choi IY. Effects of Ethanol Exposure on the Neurochemical Profile of a Transgenic Mouse Model with Enhanced Glutamate Release Using In Vivo 1H MRS. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:133-146. [PMID: 30334175 PMCID: PMC6497580 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) intake leads to modulation of glutamatergic transmission, which may contribute to ethanol intoxication, tolerance and dependence. To study metabolic responses to the hyper glutamatergic status at synapses during ethanol exposure, we used Glud1 transgenic (tg) mice that over-express the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in brain neurons and release excess glutamate (Glu) in synapses. We measured neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and striatum of tg and wild-type (wt) mice using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after the animals were fed with diets within which EtOH constituting up to 6.4% of total calories for 24 weeks. In the hippocampus, the EtOH diet led to significant increases in concentrations of EtOH, glutamine (Gln), Glu, phosphocholine (PCho), taurine, and Gln + Glu, when compared with their baseline concentrations. In the striatum, the EtOH diet led to significant increases in concentrations of GABA, Gln, Gln + Glu, and PCho. In general, neurochemical changes were more pronounced in the striatum than the hippocampus in both tg and wt mice. Overall neurochemical changes due to EtOH exposure were very similar in tg and wt mice. This study describes time courses of neurochemical profiles before and during chronic EtOH exposure, which can serve as a reference for future studies investigating ethanol-induced neurochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tung Wang
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dongwei Hui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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16
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Feltham BA, Louis XL, Kapourchali FR, Eskin MNA, Suh M. DHA supplementation during prenatal ethanol exposure alters the expression of fetal rat liver genes involved in oxidative stress regulation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:744-750. [PMID: 30521352 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure is known to induce adverse effects on fetal brain development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to alleviate these effects by up-regulating antioxidant mechanisms in the brain. The liver is the first organ to receive enriched blood after placental transport. Therefore, it could be negatively affected by EtOH, but no studies have assessed the effects of DHA on fetal liver. This study examined the effects of maternal DHA intake on DHA status and gene expression of key enzymes of the glutathione antioxidant system in the fetal liver after prenatal EtOH exposure. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams were intubated with EtOH for the first 10 days of pregnancy, while being fed a control or DHA-supplemented diet. Fetal livers were collected at gestational day 20, and free fatty acids and phospholipid profile, as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) gene expressions, were assessed. Prenatal EtOH exposure increased fetal liver weight, whereas maternal DHA supplementation decreased fetal liver weight. DHA supplementation increased fetal liver free fatty acid and phospholipid DHA independently of EtOH. GR and GPx1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the EtOH-exposed group compared with all other groups. Providing DHA normalized GR and GPx1 mRNA expression to control levels. This study shows that maternal DHA supplementation alters the expression of fetal liver genes involved in the glutathione antioxidative system during prenatal EtOH exposure. The fetal liver may play an important role in mitigating the signs and symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in affected offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Feltham
- a Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders & Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Xavier L Louis
- a Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders & Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani Kapourchali
- a Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders & Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Michael N A Eskin
- a Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- a Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders & Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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17
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Bazov I, Sarkisyan D, Kononenko O, Watanabe H, Karpyak VM, Yakovleva T, Bakalkin G. Downregulation of the neuronal opioid gene expression concomitantly with neuronal decline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:122. [PMID: 29925858 PMCID: PMC6010434 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes in cortical areas of addicted brain may underlie cognitive impairment and loss of control over intake of addictive substances and alcohol. Prodynorphin (PDYN) gives rise to dynorphin (DYNs) opioid peptides which target kappa-opioid receptor (KOR). DYNs mediate alcohol-induced impairment of learning and memory, while KOR antagonists block excessive, compulsive-like drug and alcohol self-administration in animal models. In human brain, the DYN/KOR system may undergo adaptive changes, which along with neuronal loss, may contribute to alcohol-associated cognitive deficit. We addressed this hypothesis by comparing the expression levels and co-expression (transcriptionally coordinated) patterns of PDYN and KOR (OPRK1) genes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) between human alcoholics and controls. Postmortem brain specimens of 53 alcoholics and 55 controls were analyzed. PDYN was found to be downregulated in dlPFC of alcoholics, while OPRK1 transcription was not altered. PDYN downregulation was confined to subgroup of subjects carrying C, a high-risk allele of PDYN promoter SNP rs1997794 associated with alcoholism. Changes in PDYN expression did not depend on the decline in neuronal proportion in alcoholics, and thereby may be attributed to transcriptional adaptations in alcoholic brain. Absolute expression levels of PDYN were lower compared to those of OPRK1, suggesting that PDYN expression is a limiting factor in the DYN/KOR signaling, and that the PDYN downregulation diminishes efficacy of DYN/KOR signaling in dlPFC of human alcoholics. The overall outcome of the DYN/KOR downregulation may be disinhibition of neurotransmission, which when overactivated could contribute to formation of alcohol-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bazov
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDivision of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Kononenko
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDivision of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDivision of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Tatiana Yakovleva
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDivision of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Logan CN, LaCrosse AL, Knackstedt LA. Nucleus accumbens GLT-1a overexpression reduces glutamate efflux during reinstatement of cocaine-seeking but is not sufficient to attenuate reinstatement. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:297-307. [PMID: 29567092 PMCID: PMC6383073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is a chronically relapsing disease without FDA-approved treatments. Using a rodent model of cocaine relapse, we and others have previously demonstrated that the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone attenuates cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Ceftriaxone restores cocaine-induced deficits in both system xc- and GLT-1 expression and function in the nucleus accumbens core (NAc). We recently demonstrated that restoration of GLT-1 expression in the NAc is necessary for ceftriaxone to attenuate reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Here we used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to overexpress GLT-1a in the NAc to investigate whether such restoration is sufficient to attenuate cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement. Rats self-administered cocaine for two weeks and received injections of either AAV-GFAP-GLT-1a or AAV-GFAP-eGFP in the NAc following the last day of self-administration. Rats then underwent three weeks of extinction training (during which time transduction and expression occurred) before undergoing a cue- or cocaine-primed reinstatement test. Microdialysis for the quantification of glutamate efflux in the NAc was conducted during the cocaine-primed test. Rats that received AAV-GFAP-GLT-1a reinstated cue-primed cocaine-seeking in a similar manner as rats that received the control AAV-GFAP-eGFP. Upregulation of GLT-1a attenuated glutamate efflux during a cocaine-primed reinstatement test, but was not sufficient to attenuate reinstatement. We confirmed that GLT-1a upregulation resulted in functional upregulation of glutamate transport and expression, without affecting sodium-independent glutamate uptake, indicating system xc-was not altered. These results indicate that upregulation of NAc GLT-1 transporters alone is not sufficient to prevent the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking and implicate additional mechanisms in regulating glutamate efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly N Logan
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Amber L LaCrosse
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Lo H, Lin HH, Chen JK, Situmorang JH, Lai CC. Involvement of NMDA Receptors, Nitric Oxide, and GABA in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Acute Ethanol-Induced Cardiovascular Responses in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1418-1430. [PMID: 29846938 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of ethanol (EtOH) (alcohol) has many effects on physiological functions, particularly those in the central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system. Acute excessive intake of EtOH (alcohol intoxication) may cause hypotension and tachycardia. In this study, we examined the mechanistic involvement of glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, nitric oxide (NO), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways in the CNS in acute EtOH-induced cardiovascular effects. METHODS EtOH was administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in conscious and in urethane-anesthetized rats. Inhibitors were applied by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection or by microinjection into rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Microdialysis was used to determine the level of glutamate, NO, and GABA in the RVLM. RESULTS IP injection of EtOH (3.2 g/kg) caused a significant decrease in BP in conscious and anesthetized rats and a late increase in HR in conscious rats. The cardiovascular effects of EtOH were significantly attenuated by ICV or by RVLM post treatment with ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist), N5-(nitroamidino)-L-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-NNA; a NO synthase inhibitor), or bicuculline (a GABA receptor antagonist). EtOH caused an increase in the level of glutamate, NO, and GABA in the RVLM during the hypotensive responses. RVLM posttreatment with ketamine blocked the increase in NO and GABA levels; post treatment with L-NNA blocked the increase in GABA level. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that EtOH augmentation of glutamatergic NMDA receptors/NO/GABA pathways in the RVLM may participate in the hypotensive effects induced by acute administration of EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lo
- Master and Ph.D. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hsun Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Chen
- Master and Ph.D. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang
- Master and Ph.D. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Lai
- Master and Ph.D. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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El Hamrani D, Gin H, Gallis JL, Bouzier-Sore AK, Beauvieux MC. Consumption of Alcopops During Brain Maturation Period: Higher Impact of Fructose Than Ethanol on Brain Metabolism. Front Nutr 2018; 5:33. [PMID: 29868598 PMCID: PMC5952002 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcopops are flavored alcoholic beverages sweetened by sodas, known to contain fructose. These drinks have the goal of democratizing alcohol among young consumers (12-17 years old) and in the past few years have been considered as fashionable amongst teenagers. Adolescence, however, is a key period for brain maturation, occurring in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system until 21 years old. Therefore, this drinking behavior has become a public health concern. Despite the extensive literature concerning the respective impacts of either fructose or ethanol on brain, the effects following joint consumption of these substrates remains unknown. Our objective was to study the early brain modifications induced by a combined diet of high fructose (20%) and moderate amount of alcohol in young rats by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Wistar rats had isocaloric pair-fed diets containing fructose (HF, 20%), ethanol (Et, 0.5 g/day/kg) or both substrates at the same time (HFEt). After 6 weeks of diet, the rats were infused with 13C-glucose and brain perchloric acid extracts were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C). Surprisingly, the most important modifications of brain metabolism were observed under fructose diet. Alterations, observed after only 6 weeks of diet, show that the brain is vulnerable at the metabolic level to fructose consumption during late-adolescence throughout adulthood in rats. The main result was an increase in oxidative metabolism compared to glycolysis, which may impact lactate levels in the brain and may, at least partially, explain memory impairment in teenagers consuming alcopops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia El Hamrani
- UMR5536 Centre de Resonance Magnetique des Systemes Biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, LabEx TRAIL, Bordeaux, France
| | - Henri Gin
- UMR5536 Centre de Resonance Magnetique des Systemes Biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, LabEx TRAIL, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gallis
- UMR5536 Centre de Resonance Magnetique des Systemes Biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, LabEx TRAIL, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- UMR5536 Centre de Resonance Magnetique des Systemes Biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, LabEx TRAIL, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Beauvieux
- UMR5536 Centre de Resonance Magnetique des Systemes Biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, LabEx TRAIL, Bordeaux, France
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Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Binge Drinking and the Young Brain: A Mini Review of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Alcohol-Induced Blackout. Front Psychol 2018; 9:12. [PMID: 29403418 PMCID: PMC5780446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking has significant effects on memory, particularly with regards to the transfer of information to long-term storage. Partial or complete blocking of memory formation is known as blackout. Youth represents a critical period in brain development that is particularly vulnerable to alcohol misuse. Animal models show that the adolescent brain is more vulnerable to the acute and chronic effects of alcohol compared with the adult brain. This mini-review addresses the neurobiological underpinnings of binge drinking and associated memory loss (blackout) in the adolescent and young adult period. Although the extent to which there are pre-existing versus alcohol-induced neurobiological changes remains unclear, it is likely that repetitive binge drinking in youth has detrimental effects on cognitive and social functioning. Given its role in learning and memory, the hippocampus is a critical region with neuroimaging research showing notable changes in this structure associated with alcohol misuse in young people. There is a great need for earlier identification of biological markers associated with alcohol-related brain damage. As a means to assess in vivo neurochemistry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has emerged as a particularly promising technique since changes in neurometabolites often precede gross structural changes. Thus, the current paper addresses how MRS biomarkers of neurotransmission (glutamate, GABA) and oxidative stress (indexed by depleted glutathione) in the hippocampal region of young binge drinkers may underlie propensity for blackouts and other memory impairments. MRS biomarkers may have particular utility in determining the acute versus longer-term effects of binge drinking in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Hermens
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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Effects of sequential ethanol exposure and repeated high-dose methamphetamine on striatal and hippocampal dopamine, serotonin and glutamate tissue content in Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 665:61-66. [PMID: 29174641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) and methamphetamine (METH) co-abuse is a major public health issue. Ethanol or METH exposure has been associated with changes in neurotransmitter levels in several central brain regions. However, little is known about the effect of sequential exposure to ethanol and METH on glutamate, dopamine and serotonin tissue content in striatum and hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the effects of sequential exposure to ethanol and METH on tissue content of these neurotransmitters. Male Wistar rats were orally gavaged with either ethanol (6g/kg) or water for seven days. Rats were administered with high dose of METH (10mg/kg, i.p. every 2h×4) or saline on Day 8 and euthanized 48h of last METH or saline i.p. injection. In the striatum, sequential exposure to ethanol and METH increased glutamate tissue content while reducing dopamine and serotonin tissue content as compared to the group exposed to ethanol alone. In the hippocampus, sequential exposure to ethanol and METH decreased serotonin tissue content as compared to the group that was exposed to ethanol alone. However, this study showed that ethanol has no additive effect to METH on tissue content of dopamine and serotonin as compared to METH in the striatum and hippocampus. This study demonstrated that sequential exposure of ethanol and METH has an additive effect on tissue content of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
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GABA Uptake Inhibition Reduces In Vivo Extraction Fraction in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Long Evans Rats Measured by Quantitative Microdialysis Under Transient Conditions. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:306-315. [PMID: 29127598 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved in the mechanism of action for many drugs of abuse. Although drugs of abuse have been shown to alter extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in the VTA, knowledge on how uptake mechanisms are regulated in vivo is limited. Quantitative (no-net-flux) microdialysis is commonly used to examine the extracellular concentration and clearance of monoamine neurotransmitters, however it is unclear whether this method is sensitive to changes in clearance for amino acid neurotransmitters such as GABA. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in GABA uptake are reflected by in vivo extraction fraction within the VTA. Using quantitative (no-net-flux) microdialysis adapted for transient conditions, we examined the effects of local perfusion with the GABA uptake inhibitor, nipecotic acid, in the VTA of Long Evans rats. Basal extracellular GABA concentration and in vivo extraction fraction were 44.4 ± 1.9 nM (x-intercepts from 4 baseline regressions using a total of 24 rats) and 0.19 ± 0.01 (slopes from 4 baseline regressions using a total of 24 rats), respectively. Nipecotic acid (50 μM) significantly increased extracellular GABA concentration to 170 ± 4 nM and reduced in vivo extraction fraction to 0.112 ± 0.003. Extraction fraction returned to baseline following removal of nipecotic acid from the perfusate. Conventional microdialysis substantially underestimated the increase of extracellular GABA concentration due to nipecotic acid perfusion compared with that obtained from the quantitative analysis. Together, these results show that inhibiting GABA uptake mechanisms within the VTA alters in vivo extraction fraction measured using microdialysis and that in vivo extraction fraction may be an indirect measure of GABA clearance.
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Hwa L, Besheer J, Kash T. Glutamate plasticity woven through the progression to alcohol use disorder: a multi-circuit perspective. F1000Res 2017; 6:298. [PMID: 28413623 PMCID: PMC5365217 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signaling in the brain is one of the most studied targets in the alcohol research field. Here, we report the current understanding of how the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, its receptors, and its transporters are involved in low, episodic, and heavy alcohol use. Specific animal behavior protocols can be used to assess these different drinking levels, including two-bottle choice, operant self-administration, drinking in the dark, the alcohol deprivation effect, intermittent access to alcohol, and chronic intermittent ethanol vapor inhalation. Importantly, these methods are not limited to a specific category, since they can be interchanged to assess different states in the development from low to heavy drinking. We encourage a circuit-based perspective beyond the classic mesolimbic-centric view, as multiple structures are dynamically engaged during the transition from positive- to negative-related reinforcement to drive alcohol drinking. During this shift from lower-level alcohol drinking to heavy alcohol use, there appears to be a shift from metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent behaviors to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related processes. Despite high efficacy of the glutamate-related pharmaceutical acamprosate in animal models of drinking, it is ineffective as treatment in the clinic. Therefore, research needs to focus on other promising glutamatergic compounds to reduce heavy drinking or mediate withdrawal symptoms or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hwa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas Kash
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Olszewski RT, Janczura KJ, Bzdega T, Der EK, Venzor F, O'Rourke B, Hark TJ, Craddock KE, Balasubramanian S, Moussa C, Neale JH. NAAG Peptidase Inhibitors Act via mGluR3: Animal Models of Memory, Alzheimer's, and Ethanol Intoxication. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2646-2657. [PMID: 28285415 PMCID: PMC5603630 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inactivates the peptide neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) following synaptic release. Inhibitors of GCPII increase extracellular NAAG levels and are efficacious in animal models of clinical disorders via NAAG activation of a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor. mGluR2 and mGluR3 knock-out (ko) mice were used to test the hypothesis that mGluR3 mediates the activity of GCPII inhibitors ZJ43 and 2-PMPA in animal models of memory and memory loss. Short- (1.5 h) and long- (24 h) term novel object recognition tests were used to assess memory. Treatment with ZJ43 or 2-PMPA prior to acquisition trials increased long-term memory in mGluR2, but not mGluR3, ko mice. Nine month-old triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice exhibited impaired short-term novel object recognition memory that was rescued by treatment with a NAAG peptidase inhibitor. NAAG peptidase inhibitors and the group II mGluR agonist, LY354740, reversed the short-term memory deficit induced by acute ethanol administration in wild type mice. 2-PMPA also moderated the effect of ethanol on short-term memory in mGluR2 ko mice but failed to do so in mGluR3 ko mice. LY354740 and ZJ43 blocked ethanol-induced motor activation. Both GCPII inhibitors and LY354740 also significantly moderated the loss of motor coordination induced by 2.1 g/kg ethanol treatment. These data support the conclusion that inhibitors of glutamate carboxypeptidase II are efficacious in object recognition models of normal memory and memory deficits via an mGluR3 mediated process, actions that could have widespread clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal T Olszewski
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Karolina J Janczura
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Tomasz Bzdega
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Elise K Der
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Faustino Venzor
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Brennen O'Rourke
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Timothy J Hark
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Kirsten E Craddock
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Joseph H Neale
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Sts., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057-1225, USA.
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26
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Zahr NM, Rohlfing T, Mayer D, Luong R, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Transient CNS responses to repeated binge ethanol treatment. Addict Biol 2016; 21:1199-1216. [PMID: 26283309 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ethanol (EtOH) on in vivo magnetic resonance (MR)-detectable brain measures across repeated exposures have not previously been reported. Of 28 rats weighing 340.66 ± 21.93 g at baseline, 15 were assigned to an EtOH group and 13 to a control group. Animals were exposed to five cycles of 4 days of intragastric (EtOH or dextrose) treatment and 10 days of recovery. Rats in both groups had structural MR imaging and whole-brain MR spectroscopy (MRS) scans at baseline, immediately following each binge period and after each recovery period (total = 11 scans per rat). Blood alcohol level at each of the five binge periods was ~300 mg/dl. Blood drawn at the end of the experiment did not show group differences for thiamine or its phosphate derivatives. Postmortem liver histopathology provided no evidence for hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis. Cerebrospinal fluid volumes of the lateral ventricles and cisterns showed enlargement with each binge EtOH exposure but recovery with each abstinence period. Similarly, changes in MRS metabolite levels were transient: levels of N-acetylaspartate and total creatine decreased, while those of choline-containing compounds and the combined resonance from glutamate and glutamine increased with each binge EtOH exposure cycle and then recovered during each abstinence period. Changes in response to EtOH were in expected directions based on previous single-binge EtOH exposure experiments, but the current MR findings do not provide support for accruing changes with repeated binge EtOH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Zahr
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| | | | - Dirk Mayer
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Richard Luong
- Department of Comparative Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
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LaCrosse AL, Hill K, Knackstedt LA. Ceftriaxone attenuates cocaine relapse after abstinence through modulation of nucleus accumbens AMPA subunit expression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:186-194. [PMID: 26706696 PMCID: PMC4762719 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Using the extinction-reinstatement model of cocaine relapse, we and others have demonstrated that the antibiotic ceftriaxone attenuates cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Reinstatement is contingent on the release of glutamate in the nucleus accumbens core (NAc) and manipulations that reduce glutamate efflux or block post-synaptic glutamate receptors attenuate reinstatement. We have demonstrated that the mechanism of action by which ceftriaxone attenuates reinstatement involves increased NAc GLT-1 expression and a reduction in NAc glutamate efflux during reinstatement. Here we investigated the effects of ceftriaxone (100 and 200 mg/kg) on context-primed relapse following abstinence without extinction training and examined the effects of ceftriaxone on GluA1, GluA2 and GLT-1 expression. We conducted microdialysis during relapse to determine if an increase in NAc glutamate accompanies relapse after abstinence and whether ceftriaxone blunts glutamate efflux. We found that both doses of ceftriaxone attenuated relapse. While relapse was accompanied by an increase in NAc glutamate, ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) was unable to significantly reduce NAc glutamate efflux during relapse despite its ability to upregulate GLT-1. GluA1 was reduced in the NAc by both doses of ceftriaxone while GluA2 expression was unchanged, indicating that ceftriaxone altered AMPA subunit composition following cocaine. Finally, GLT-1 was not altered in the PFC by ceftriaxone. These results indicate that it is possible to attenuate context-primed relapse to cocaine-seeking through modification of post-synaptic receptor properties without attenuating glutamate efflux during relapse. Furthermore, increasing NAc GLT-1 protein expression is not sufficient to attenuate glutamate efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L LaCrosse
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kristine Hill
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Bell RL, Hauser SR, McClintick J, Rahman S, Edenberg HJ, Szumlinski KK, McBride WJ. Ethanol-Associated Changes in Glutamate Reward Neurocircuitry: A Minireview of Clinical and Preclinical Genetic Findings. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 137:41-85. [PMID: 26809998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reviewed the role of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, in a number of neurochemical, -physiological, and -behavioral processes mediating the development of alcohol dependence. The findings discussed include results from both preclinical as well as neuroimaging and postmortem clinical studies. Expression levels for a number of glutamate-associated genes and/or proteins are modulated by alcohol abuse and dependence. These changes in expression include metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptor subunits as well as different glutamate transporters. Moreover, these changes in gene expression parallel the pharmacologic manipulation of these same receptors and transporters. Some of these gene expression changes may have predated alcohol abuse and dependence because a number of glutamate-associated polymorphisms are related to a genetic predisposition to develop alcohol dependence. Other glutamate-associated polymorphisms are linked to age at the onset of alcohol-dependence and initial level of response/sensitivity to alcohol. Finally, findings of innate and/or ethanol-induced glutamate-associated gene expression differences/changes observed in a genetic animal model of alcoholism, the P rat, are summarized. Overall, the existing literature indicates that changes in glutamate receptors, transporters, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins are crucial for the development of alcohol dependence and there is a substantial genetic component to these effects. This indicates that continued research into the genetic underpinnings of these glutamate-associated effects will provide important novel molecular targets for treating alcohol abuse and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana , USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana , USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - William J McBride
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Hermens DF, Chitty KM, Lee RS, Tickell A, Haber PS, Naismith SL, Hickie IB, Lagopoulos J. Hippocampal glutamate is increased and associated with risky drinking in young adults with major depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:95-8. [PMID: 26233319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky drinking in young people is harmful, highly prevalent and often complicated by comorbid mental health problems that compound alcohol-induced impairment. The hippocampus and the glutamate system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcoholism and depression. This study aimed to determine whether risky drinking is associated with glutamate levels recorded within the hippocampus of young adults with major depression. METHODS Sixty-three young persons with major depression (22.1±3.1 years; 65% female) and 38 healthy controls were recruited. Participants completed the alcohol use disorder identification test and underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure in vivo glutamate levels within the hippocampus following a period of at least 48h of abstinence. RESULTS Young adults with depression had significantly increased hippocampal glutamate levels and a positive association between the level of alcohol use and glutamate. Regression analysis revealed that higher levels of hippocampal glutamate were predicted by having increased levels of risky drinking and depression. LIMITATIONS Small sample sizes for testing diagnosis by risky drinking interaction and use of creatine ratios rather than the absolute concentrations of glutamate. DISCUSSION The hippocampus is a critical region; given its role in learning and memory as well as mood regulation, and the neurochemical changes observed in this study may precede structural changes, which are commonly observed in both depression and alcohol misuse. These findings suggest that young adults with major depression who engage in risky drinking may be at increased risk of glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - Kate M Chitty
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rico Sc Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Tickell
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Raudkivi K, Alttoa A, Leito I, Harro J. Differences in extracellular glutamate levels in striatum of rats with high and low exploratory activity. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:858-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hwa LS, Nathanson AJ, Shimamoto A, Tayeh JK, Wilens AR, Holly EN, Newman EL, DeBold JF, Miczek KA. Aggression and increased glutamate in the mPFC during withdrawal from intermittent alcohol in outbred mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2889-902. [PMID: 25899790 PMCID: PMC4515187 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Disrupted social behavior, including occasional aggressive outbursts, is characteristic of withdrawal from long-term alcohol (EtOH) use. Heavy EtOH use and exaggerated responses during withdrawal may be treated using glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. OBJECTIVES The current experiments explore aggression and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) glutamate as consequences of withdrawal from intermittent access to EtOH and changes in aggression and mPFC glutamate caused by NMDAR antagonists memantine and ketamine. METHODS Swiss male mice underwent withdrawal following 1-8 weeks of intermittent access to 20 % EtOH. Aggressive and nonaggressive behaviors with a conspecific were measured 6-8 h into EtOH withdrawal after memantine or ketamine (0-30 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. In separate mice, extracellular mPFC glutamate after memantine was measured during withdrawal using in vivo microdialysis. RESULTS At 6-8 h withdrawal from EtOH, mice exhibited more convulsions and aggression and decreased social contact compared to age-matched water controls. Memantine, but not ketamine, increased withdrawal aggression at the 5-mg/kg dose in mice with a history of 8 weeks of EtOH but not 1 or 4 weeks of EtOH or in water drinkers. Tonic mPFC glutamate was higher during withdrawal after 8 weeks of EtOH compared to 1 week of EtOH or 8 weeks of water. Five milligrams per kilogram of memantine increased glutamate in 8-week EtOH mice, but also in 1-week EtOH and water drinkers. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal aggressive behavior as a novel symptom of EtOH withdrawal in outbred mice and confirm a role of NMDARs during withdrawal aggression and for disrupted social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara S. Hwa
- Tufts University Department of Psychology, Medford, MA 02155
| | | | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Tufts University Department of Psychology, Medford, MA 02155
| | | | | | | | - Emily L. Newman
- Tufts University Department of Psychology, Medford, MA 02155
| | | | - Klaus A. Miczek
- Tufts University Department of Psychology, Medford, MA 02155
- Tufts University Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02111
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Das SC, Yamamoto BK, Hristov AM, Sari Y. Ceftriaxone attenuates ethanol drinking and restores extracellular glutamate concentration through normalization of GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens of male alcohol-preferring rats. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:67-74. [PMID: 26002627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of glutamatergic-neurotransmission is a hallmark of alcohol dependence. We have previously reported that chronic ethanol-drinking downregulated glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) in male P rats in a manner that was reversed by ceftriaxone treatment. However, the effect of ceftriaxone on extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc after chronic ethanol-drinking has not yet been studied. In the present study, male P rats were treated with ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for five consecutive days following five-weeks of free choice ethanol (15% and 30%) drinking. In vivo microdialysis was performed to measure the extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc and the effect of blockade of GLT-1 with dihydrokainic acid (DHK) on extracellular glutamate in NAc of ceftriaxone-treated rats was determined. Ceftriaxone treatment attenuated ethanol intake as well as ethanol preference. Extracellular glutamate was significantly higher in NAc after five-weeks of ethanol drinking in saline-treated compared to water control rats. Ceftriaxone treatment blocked the increase extracellular glutamate produced by ethanol intake. Blockade of GLT-1 by DHK reversed the effects of ceftriaxone on glutamate and implicated the role of GLT-1 in the normalization of extracellular glutamate by ceftriaxone. In addition, GLT-1 protein was decreased in ethanol exposed animals and ceftriaxone treatment reversed this deficit. Ceftriaxone treatment also increased glutamine synthetase activity in NAc but not in PFC as compared to ethanol drinking saline-treated rats. Our present study demonstrates that ceftriaxone treatment prevents ethanol drinking in part through normalization of extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc of male P rats via GLT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan C Das
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Bryan K Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Alexandar M Hristov
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Brolese G, Lunardi P, de Souza DF, Lopes FM, Leite MC, Gonçalves CA. Pre- and postnatal exposure to moderate levels of ethanol can have long-lasting effects on hippocampal glutamate uptake in adolescent offspring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127845. [PMID: 25978644 PMCID: PMC4433332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing brain is vulnerable to the effects of ethanol. Glutamate is the main mediator of excitatory signals in the brain and is probably involved in most aspects of normal brain function during development. The aim of this study was to investigate vulnerability to and the impact of ethanol toxicity on glutamate uptake signaling in adolescent rats after moderate pre and postnatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups and treated only with water (control), non-alcoholic beer (vehicle) or 10% (v/v) beer solution (moderate prenatal alcohol exposure—MPAE). Thirty days after birth, adolescent male offspring were submitted to hippocampal acute slice procedure. We assayed glutamate uptake and measured glutathione content and also quantified glial glutamate transporters (EAAT 1 and EAAT 2). The glutamate system vulnerability was tested with different acute ethanol doses in naïve rats and compared with the MPAE group. We also performed a (lipopolysaccharide-challenge (LPS-challenge) with all groups to test the glutamate uptake response after an insult. The MPAE group presented a decrease in glutamate uptake corroborating a decrease in glutathione (GSH) content. The reduction in GSH content suggests oxidative damage after acute ethanol exposure. The glial glutamate transporters were also altered after prenatal ethanol treatment, suggesting a disturbance in glutamate signaling. This study indicates that impairment of glutamate uptake can be dose-dependent and the glutamate system has a higher vulnerability to ethanol toxicity after moderate ethanol exposure In utero. The effects of pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure can have long-lasting impacts on the glutamate system in adolescence and potentially into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Brolese
- Department of Neuroscience, Basic Science Health Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Paula Lunardi
- Department of Biochemistry—Basic Science Health Institute—Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela F. de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry—Basic Science Health Institute—Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Lopes
- Department of Neuroscience, Basic Science Health Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina C. Leite
- Department of Biochemistry—Basic Science Health Institute—Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Basic Science Health Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry—Basic Science Health Institute—Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS—Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Griffin WC, Ramachandra VS, Knackstedt LA, Becker HC. Repeated cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure increases basal glutamate in the nucleus accumbens of mice without affecting glutamate transport. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:27. [PMID: 25755641 PMCID: PMC4337330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure increase voluntary consumption of ethanol in mice. Previous work has shown that extracellular glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is significantly elevated in ethanol-dependent mice and that pharmacologically manipulating glutamate concentrations in the NAc will alter ethanol drinking, indicating that glutamate homeostasis plays a crucial role in ethanol drinking in this model. The present studies were designed to measure extracellular glutamate at a time point in which mice would ordinarily be allowed voluntary access to ethanol in the CIE model and, additionally, to measure glutamate transport capacity in the NAc at the same time point. Extracellular glutamate was measured using quantitative microdialysis procedures. Glutamate transport capacity was measured under Na+-dependent and Na+-independent conditions to determine whether the function of excitatory amino acid transporters (also known as system XAG) or of system Xc– (glial cysteine–glutamate exchanger) was influenced by CIE exposure. The results of the quantitative microdialysis experiment confirm increased extracellular glutamate (approximately twofold) in the NAc of CIE exposed mice (i.e., ethanol-dependent) compared to non-dependent mice in the NAc, consistent with earlier work. However, the increase in extracellular glutamate was not due to altered transporter function in the NAc of ethanol-dependent mice, because neither Na+-dependent nor Na+-independent glutamate transport was significantly altered by CIE exposure. These findings point to the possibility that hyperexcitability of cortical–striatal pathways underlies the increases in extracellular glutamate found in the ethanol-dependent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Griffin
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vorani S Ramachandra
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Howard C Becker
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA ; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA ; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston, SC, USA
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Aal-Aaboda M, Alhaddad H, Osowik F, Nauli SM, Sari Y. Effects of (R)-(-)-5-methyl-1-nicotinoyl-2-pyrazoline on glutamate transporter 1 and cysteine/glutamate exchanger as well as ethanol drinking behavior in male, alcohol-preferring rats. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:930-7. [PMID: 25601490 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is largely associated with alterations in the extracellular glutamate concentrations in several brain reward regions. We recently showed that glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is downregulated following chronic exposure to ethanol for 5 weeks in alcohol-preferring (P) rats and that upregulation of the GLT-1 levels in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex results, in part, in attenuating ethanol consumption. Cystine glutamate antiporter (xCT) is also downregulated after chronic ethanol exposure in P rats, and its upregulation could be valuable in attenuating ethanol drinking. This study examines the effect of a synthetic compound, (R)-(-)-5-methyl-1-nicotinoyl-2-pyrazoline (MS-153), on ethanol drinking and expressions of GLT-1 and xCT in the amygdala and the hippocampus of P rats. P rats were exposed to continuous free-choice access to water, 15% and 30% ethanol, and food for 5 weeks, after which they received treatments of MS-153 or vehicle for 5 days. The results show that MS-153 treatment significantly reduces ethanol consumption. It was revealed that GLT-1 and xCT expressions were downregulated in both the amygdala and the hippocampus of ethanol-vehicle-treated rats (ethanol-vehicle group) compared with water-control animals. MS-153 treatment upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expressions in these brain regions. These findings demonstrate an important role for MS-153 in these glutamate transporters for the attenuation of ethanol-drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munaf Aal-Aaboda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Zenki KC, Mussulini BHM, Rico EP, de Oliveira DL, Rosemberg DB. Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde in zebrafish brain structures: an in vitro approach on glutamate uptake and on toxicity-related parameters. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:822-8. [PMID: 24681127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) and its metabolite, acetaldehyde (ALD), induce deleterious effects on central nervous system (CNS). Here we investigate the in vitro toxicity of EtOH and ALD (concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) in zebrafish brain structures [telencephalon (TE), opticum tectum (OT), and cerebellum (CE)] by measuring the functionality of glutamate transporters, MTT reduction, and extracellular LDH activity. Both molecules decreased the activity of the Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters in all brain structures. The strongest glutamate uptake inhibition after EtOH exposure was 58% (TE-1%), and after ALD, 91% (CE-1%). The results of MTT assay and LDH released demonstrated that the actions of EtOH and its metabolite are concentration and structure-dependent, in which ALD was more toxic than EtOH. In summary, our findings demonstrate a differential toxicity in vitro of EtOH and ALD in zebrafish brain structures, which can involve changes on glutamatergic parameters. We suggest that this species may be an interesting model for assessing the toxicological actions of alcohol and its metabolite in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Cagliari Zenki
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ben Hur Marins Mussulini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lösch de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), USA
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), USA; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Chitty KM, Kaur M, Lagopoulos J, Hickie IB, Hermens DF. Risky alcohol use predicts temporal mismatch negativity impairments in young people with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychol 2014; 99:60-8. [PMID: 24594113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse in bipolar disorder (BD) has a negative impact on illness progression. The NMDA/glutamatergic system is implicated in BD pathophysiology and is critically involved in the effects of alcohol on the brain. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is purported to reflect NMDA receptor output, providing a measure for investigating this association. Forty-two patients and 34 controls (16-30 years) were split into low and high-risk drinkers (based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and underwent a two-tone passive auditory oddball, duration deviant MMN paradigm. Multiple regression models revealed risky drinking and BD diagnosis were predictors of impaired temporal MMN. Potentially reflecting an additive effect of alcohol on a perturbed NMDA/glutamatergic system in BD, these findings highlight alcohol as both a modifiable risk factor of neurobiological impairments and as a potential confounder in MMN studies. Given the increasing use of glutamatergic agents for BD treatment, this finding is important clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Chitty
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Manreena Kaur
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Increased extracellular glutamate in the nucleus accumbens promotes excessive ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:707-17. [PMID: 24067300 PMCID: PMC3895249 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using a well-established model of ethanol dependence and relapse, this study examined adaptations in glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and their role in regulating voluntary ethanol drinking. Mice were first trained to drink ethanol in a free-choice, limited access (2 h/day) paradigm. One group (EtOH mice) received repeated weekly cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure with intervening weeks of test drinking sessions, whereas the remaining mice (CTL mice) were similarly treated but did not receive CIE treatment. Over repeated cycles of CIE exposure, EtOH mice exhibited significant escalation in drinking (up to ∼3.5 g/kg), whereas drinking remained relatively stable at baseline levels (2-2.5 g/kg) in CTL mice. Using in vivo microdialysis procedures, extracellular glutamate (GLUEX) levels in the NAc were increased approximately twofold in EtOH mice compared with CTL mice, and this difference was observed 7 days after final CIE exposure, indicating that this hyperglutamatergic state persisted beyond acute withdrawal. This finding prompted additional studies examining the effects of pharmacologically manipulating GLUEX in the NAc on ethanol drinking in the CIE model. The non-selective glutamate reuptake antagonist, threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA), was bilaterally microinjected into the NAc and found to dose-dependently increase drinking in nondependent (CTL) mice to levels attained by dependent (EtOH) mice. TBOA also further increased drinking in EtOH mice. In contrast, reducing glutamatergic transmission in the NAc via bilateral injections of the metabotropic glutamate receptor-2/3 agonist LY379268 reduced drinking in dependent (EtOH) mice to nondependent (CTL) levels, whereas having a more modest effect in decreasing ethanol consumption in CTL mice. Taken together, these data support an important role of glutamatergic transmission in the NAc in regulating ethanol drinking. Additionally, these results indicate that ethanol dependence produces adaptations that favor elevated glutamate activity in the NAc which, in turn, promote excessive levels of ethanol consumption associated with dependence.
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Upregulated dynorphin opioid peptides mediate alcohol-induced learning and memory impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e310. [PMID: 24105441 PMCID: PMC3818015 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynorphin opioid peptides control glutamate neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Alcohol-induced dysregulation of this circuit may lead to impairments in spatial learning and memory. This study examines whether changes in the hippocampal dynorphin and glutamate systems are related, and contribute to impairment of spatial learning and memory in a rat model of cognitive deficit associated with alcohol binge drinking. Hippocampal dynorphins (radioimmunoassay) and glutamate (in vivo microdialysis) were analyzed in Wistar rats exposed to repeated moderate-dose ethanol bouts that impair spatial learning and memory in the Water Maze Task (WMT). The highly selective, long-acting κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) was administered systemically or into the hippocampal CA3 region to test a role of dynorphins in alcohol-induced dysregulations in glutamate neurotransmission and behavior in the WMT. The ethanol treatment impaired learning and memory, upregulated dynorphins and increased glutamate overflow in the CA3 region. Administration of nor-BNI after cessation of ethanol exposure reversed ethanol-induced changes in glutamate neurotransmission in animals exposed to ethanol and normalized their performance in the WMT. The findings suggest that impairments of spatial learning and memory by binge-like ethanol exposure are mediated through the KOR activation by upregulated dynorphins resulting in elevation in glutamate levels. Selective KOR antagonists may correct alcohol-induced pathological processes, thus representing a novel pharmacotherapy for treating of ethanol-related cognitive deficits.
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Li X, Xiao D, Sanders T, Tchounwou PB, Liu YM. Fast quantification of amino acids by microchip electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8131-6. [PMID: 23929191 PMCID: PMC3791608 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fast microchip electrophoresis-nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric method (MCE-nanoESI-MS) was developed for analysis of amino acids in biological samples. A glass/poly(dimethylsiloxane) hybrid microchip with a monolithic nanoESI emitter was used in the platform. The proposed MCE-nanoESI-MS analytical method showed high separation efficiency for amino acids. Baseline separation of an amino acid mixture containing Lys, Arg, Val, Tyr, and Glu was completed within 120 s with theoretical plate numbers of >7,500. The method was applied to study cellular release of excitatory amino acids (i.e., aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu)) under chemical stimulations. Linear calibration curves were obtained for both Asp and Glu in a concentration range from 1.00 to 150.0 μM. Limits of detection were found to be 0.37 μM for Asp and 0.33 μM for Glu (S/N = 3). Assay repeatability (relative standard deviation, n = 6) was 4.2 and 4.5%, for Asp and Glu at 5.0 μM, respectively. In the study of cellular release, PC-12 nerve cells were incubated with alcohol at various concentrations for 1 h. Both extra- and intracellular levels of Asp and Glu were measured by the proposed method. The results clearly indicated that ethanol promoted the release of both Asp and Glu from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtang Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Talia Sanders
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Wiren KM. Males and females are just different: Sexually dimorphic responses to chronic ethanol exposure in hippocampal slice cultures. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hershey ND, Kennedy RT. In vivo calibration of microdialysis using infusion of stable-isotope labeled neurotransmitters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:729-36. [PMID: 23374073 PMCID: PMC3656751 DOI: 10.1021/cn300199m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo calibration of microdialysis probes is required for interpreting measured concentrations. The most popular method of in vivo calibration is no-net-flux (NNF), which requires infusing several concentrations of neurotransmitters to determine in vivo recoveries (extraction fraction or Ed) and extracellular concentrations. A new method for in vivo calibration of microdialysis of neurotransmitters using glutamate (GLU) and dopamine (DA) as model analytes is reported. (13)C6-DA and (13)C5-GLU were perfused through microdialysis probes as internal calibrators. Using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, it was possible to distinguish the (13)C-forms from the endogenous forms of each neurotransmitter. Ed was directly calculated by measuring the loss of the (13)C-forms during infusion. The measured endogenous (12)C forms of the neurotransmitters could be corrected for Ed to give calibrated extracellular concentrations in vivo. Retrodialysis of stable-isotope-labeled (SIL) neurotransmitters gave Ed and extracellular concentrations of (13)C5-GLU and (13)C6-DA that matched no-net-flux measurements; however, the values were obtained in a fraction of time because no added measurements were required to obtain the calibration. Ed was reduced during uptake inhibition for GLU and DA when measured by SIL retrodialysis. Because Ed is directly measured at each microdialysis fraction, it was possible to monitor changes in Ed under transient conditions created by systemic injection of uptake inhibitors. The results show that DA and GLU concentrations are underestimated by as much as 50% if not corrected for Ed during uptake inhibition. SIL retrodialysis provides equivalent information to NNF at much reduced time and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Hershey
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
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Vasylieva N, Maucler C, Meiller A, Viscogliosi H, Lieutaud T, Barbier D, Marinesco S. Immobilization Method to Preserve Enzyme Specificity in Biosensors: Consequences for Brain Glutamate Detection. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2507-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3035794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vasylieva
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
- Institut de Nanotechnologie
de Lyon, CNRS UMR-5270, INSA de Lyon, France
| | | | - Anne Meiller
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Henry Viscogliosi
- Service Central d’Analyse, CNRS UMR-5280−Echangeur de Solaize, Solaize,
FRANCE
| | | | - Daniel Barbier
- Institut de Nanotechnologie
de Lyon, CNRS UMR-5270, INSA de Lyon, France
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44
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An L, Yang Z, Zhang T. Imbalanced synaptic plasticity induced spatial cognition impairment in male offspring rats treated with chronic prenatal ethanol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37:763-70. [PMID: 23240555 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As chronic prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure (CPEE) may cause deficiencies in a variety of behavioral and cognitive functions, the aim of present study is to investigate the effects of CPEE on spatial learning and memory and examine the action of CPEE on synaptic plasticity balance in the hippocampus of adolescent male rats. METHODS The animal model was produced by EtOH exposure throughout gestational period with 4 g/kg bodyweight, while the male offspring rats were used in the study. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed, and then, long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation were recorded from Schaffer collaterals to CA1 region in the hippocampus. RESULTS It was shown that escape latencies in learning period and re-acquisition period were prolonged in CPEE-treated group compared with that in control group. Furthermore, LTP was drastically inhibited, and depotentiation was distinctly enhanced in CPEE-treated group compared with that in control group. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the balance between cognitive stability and flexibility was broken by the bidirectional effects of long-term synaptic plasticity. In addition, the spatial cognition was attenuated by the alteration of synaptic plasticity balance in CPEE-treated male adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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45
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Abstract
The identification and functional understanding of the neurocircuitry that mediates alcohol and drug effects that are relevant for the development of addictive behavior is a fundamental challenge in addiction research. Here we introduce an assumption-free construction of a neurocircuitry that mediates acute and chronic drug effects on neurotransmitter dynamics that is solely based on rodent neuroanatomy. Two types of data were considered for constructing the neurocircuitry: (1) information on the cytoarchitecture and neurochemical connectivity of each brain region of interest obtained from different neuroanatomical techniques; (2) information on the functional relevance of each region of interest with respect to alcohol and drug effects. We used mathematical data mining and hierarchical clustering methods to achieve the highest standards in the preprocessing of these data. Using this approach, a dynamical network of high molecular and spatial resolution containing 19 brain regions and seven neurotransmitter systems was obtained. Further graph theoretical analysis suggests that the neurocircuitry is connected and cannot be separated into further components. Our analysis also reveals the existence of a principal core subcircuit comprised of nine brain regions: the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and raphe nuclei. Finally, by means of algebraic criteria for synchronizability of the neurocircuitry, the suitability for in silico modeling of acute and chronic drug effects is indicated. Indeed, we introduced as an example a dynamical system for modeling the effects of acute ethanol administration in rats and obtained an increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens-a hallmark of drug reinforcement-to an extent similar to that seen in numerous microdialysis studies. We conclude that the present neurocircuitry provides a structural and dynamical framework for large-scale mathematical models and will help to predict chronic drug effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
| | - Anita C. Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
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46
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Li Z, Chadalapaka G, Ramesh A, Khoshbouei H, Maguire M, Safe S, Rhoades RE, Clark R, Jules G, McCallister M, Aschner M, Hood DB. PAH particles perturb prenatal processes and phenotypes: protection from deficits in object discrimination afforded by dampening of brain oxidoreductase following in utero exposure to inhaled benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol Sci 2012; 125:233-47. [PMID: 21987461 PMCID: PMC3243744 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild-type (WT) Cpr(lox/lox) (cytochrome P(450) oxidoreductase, Cpr) mouse is an ideal model to assess the contribution of P(450) enzymes to the metabolic activation and disposition of environmental xenobiotics. In the present study, we examined the effect of in utero exposure to benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] aerosol on Sp4 and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent systems as well as a resulting behavioral phenotype (object discrimination) in Cpr offspring. Results from in utero exposure of WT Cpr(lox/lox) mice were compared with in utero exposed brain-Cpr-null offspring mice. Null mice were used as they do not express brain cytochrome P(450)1B1-associated NADPH oxidoreductase (CYP1B1-associated NADPH oxidoreductase), thus reducing their capacity to produce neural B(a)P metabolites. Subsequent to in utero (E14-E17) exposure to B(a)P (100 μg/m(3)), Cpr(lox/lox) offspring exhibited: (1) elevated B(a)P metabolite and F(2)-isoprostane neocortical tissue burdens, (2) elevated concentrations of cortical glutamate, (3) premature developmental expression of Sp4, (4) decreased subunit ratios of NR2B:NR2A, and (5) deficits in a novelty discrimination phenotype monitored to in utero exposed brain-Cpr-null offspring. Collectively, these findings suggest that in situ generation of metabolites by CYP1B1-associated NADPH oxidoreductase promotes negative effects on NMDA-mediated signaling processes during the period when synapses are first forming as well as effects on a subsequent behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
| | - Gayathri Chadalapaka
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas 77030-3303
| | | | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
| | - Mark Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas 77030-3303
| | - Raina E. Rhoades
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
| | - Ryan Clark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
| | - George Jules
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pharmacology, Center in Molecular Toxicology and Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Darryl B. Hood
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
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Moussawi K, Riegel A, Nair S, Kalivas PW. Extracellular glutamate: functional compartments operate in different concentration ranges. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:94. [PMID: 22275885 PMCID: PMC3254064 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glutamate of glial origin modulates glial and neuronal glutamate release and synaptic plasticity. Estimates of the tonic basal concentration of extracellular glutamate range over three orders of magnitude (0.02-20 μM) depending on the technology employed to make the measurement. Based upon binding constants for glutamate receptors and transporters, this range of concentrations translates into distinct physiological and pathophysiological roles for extracellular glutamate. Here we speculate that the difference in glutamate measurements can be explained if there is patterned membrane surface expression of glutamate release and transporter sites creating extracellular subcompartments that vary in glutamate concentration and are preferentially sampled by different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
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48
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Ethanol enhances neurosteroidogenesis in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by paradoxical NMDA receptor activation. J Neurosci 2011; 31:9905-9. [PMID: 21734282 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1660-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an antibody against 5α-reduced neurosteroids, predominantly allopregnanolone, we found that immunostaining in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices was confined to pyramidal neurons. This neurosteroid staining was increased following 15 min administration of 60 mm but not 20 mm ethanol, and the enhancement was blocked by finasteride and dutasteride, selective inhibitors of 5α-reductase, a key enzyme required for allopregnanolone synthesis. Consistent with a prior report indicating that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) activation can promote steroid production, we observed that D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), a competitive NMDAR antagonist, blocked the effects of 60 mm ethanol on staining. We previously reported that 60 mm ethanol inhibits the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for memory formation, in the CA1 region. In the present study, LTP inhibition by 60 mm ethanol was also overcome by both the 5α-reductase inhibitors and by APV. Furthermore, the effects of ethanol on neurosteroid production and LTP were mimicked by a low concentration of NMDA (1 μm), and the ability of NMDA to inhibit LTP and to enhance neurosteroid staining was reversed by finasteride and dutasteride, as well as by APV. These results indicate that ethanol paradoxically enhances GABAergic neurosteroid production by activation of unblocked NMDARs and that acute LTP inhibition by ethanol represents a form of NMDAR-mediated metaplasticity.
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49
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Zink M, Ferbert T, Frank ST, Seufert P, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Spanagel R. Perinatal exposure to alcohol disturbs spatial learning and glutamate transmission-related gene expression in the adult hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:457-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Acosta G, Freidman DP, Grant KA, Hemby SE. Alternative splicing of AMPA subunits in prefrontal cortical fields of cynomolgus monkeys following chronic ethanol self-administration. Front Psychiatry 2011; 2:72. [PMID: 22291662 PMCID: PMC3249828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex underlies deficits in executive control that characterize addictive disorders, including alcohol addiction. Previous studies indicate that alcohol alters glutamate neurotransmission and one substrate of these effects may be through the reconfiguration of the subunits constituting ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) complexes. Glutamatergic transmission is integral to cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical communication and alcohol-induced changes in the abundance of the receptor subunits and/or their splice variants may result in critical functional impairments of prefrontal cortex in alcohol dependence. To this end, the effects of chronic ethanol self-administration on glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA (GRIA) subunit variant and kainate (GRIK) subunit mRNA expression were studied in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of male cynomolgus monkeys. In DLPFC, total AMPA splice variant expression and total kainate receptor subunit expression were significantly decreased in alcohol drinking monkeys. Expression levels of GRIA3 flip and flop and GRIA4 flop mRNAs in this region were positively correlated with daily ethanol intake and blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) averaged over the 6 months prior to necropsy. In OFC, AMPA subunit splice variant expression was reduced in the alcohol treated group. GRIA2 flop mRNA levels in this region were positively correlated with daily ethanol intake and BEC averaged over the 6 months prior to necropsy. Results from these studies provide further evidence of transcriptional regulation of iGluR subunits in the primate brain following chronic alcohol self-administration. Additional studies examining the cellular localization of such effects in the framework of primate prefrontal cortical circuitry are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Acosta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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