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Jiménez C, Antonelli R, Masanas M, Soriano A, Devis-Jauregui L, Camacho J, Magdaleno A, Guillén G, Hladun R, Jubierre L, Roma J, Llobet-Navas D, Sánchez de Toledo J, Moreno L, Gallego S, Segura MF. Neuronal Differentiation-Related Epigenetic Regulator ZRF1 Has Independent Prognostic Value in Neuroblastoma but Is Functionally Dispensable In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194845. [PMID: 34638328 PMCID: PMC8508520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor occurring outside the brain, and it is thought to arise from cells that acquire errors during the normal process of embryonal development. Today, we know that embryonal development is regulated by epigenetics, a mechanism that determines which genes need to be expressed in each cell type and developmental step. Epigenetic errors, therefore, are considered contributory to the appearance and progression of tumors such as neuroblastoma. Here, we aimed at finding whether ZRF1, a known epigenetic regulator, could play a significant role in the aggressiveness of neuroblastoma. Our results suggest that ZRF1 does not seem to have any relevant function in neuroblastoma cells; however, the levels of this epigenetic regulator are related to the prognostic of neuroblastoma patients and could be used to predict their progression and improve the diagnosis. Abstract Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the peripheral nervous system that accounts for up to ~15% of all cancer-related deaths in children. Recently, it has become evident that epigenetic deregulation is a relevant event in pediatric tumors such as high-risk neuroblastomas, and a determinant for processes, such as cell differentiation blockade and sustained proliferation, which promote tumor progression and resistance to current therapies. Thus, a better understanding of epigenetic factors implicated in the aggressive behavior of neuroblastoma cells is crucial for the development of better treatments. In this study, we characterized the role of ZRF1, an epigenetic activator recruited to genes involved in the maintenance of the identity of neural progenitors. We combined analysis of patient sample expression datasets with loss- and gain-of-function studies on neuroblastoma cell lines. Functional analyses revealed that ZRF1 is functionally dispensable for those cellular functions related to cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and does not affect the cellular response to chemotherapeutic agents. However, we found that high levels of ZRF1 mRNA expression are associated to shorter overall survival of neuroblastoma patients, even when those patients with the most common molecular alterations used as prognostic factors are removed from the analyses, thereby suggesting that ZRF1 expression could be used as an independent prognostic factor in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Roberta Antonelli
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Marc Masanas
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Devis-Jauregui
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology-Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (L.D.-J.); (D.L.-N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Camacho
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital—UAB, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ainara Magdaleno
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Gabriela Guillén
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
- Surgery Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital—UAB, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Hladun
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital—UAB, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz Jubierre
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Josep Roma
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology-Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (L.D.-J.); (D.L.-N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Sánchez de Toledo
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucas Moreno
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital—UAB, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gallego
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital—UAB, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F. Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (L.J.); (J.R.); (J.S.d.T.); (L.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Neuroblastoma GD2 Expression and Computational Analysis of Aptamer-Based Bioaffinity Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169101. [PMID: 34445807 PMCID: PMC8396649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neuroectodermal embryonic cancer that originates from primordial neural crest cells, and amongst pediatric cancers with high mortality rates. NB is categorized into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk cases. A significant proportion of high-risk patients who achieve remission have a minimal residual disease (MRD) that causes relapse. Whilst there exists a myriad of advanced treatment options for NB, it is still characterized by a high relapse rate, resulting in a reduced chance of survival. Disialoganglioside (GD2) is a lipo-ganglioside containing a fatty acid derivative of sphingosine that is coupled to a monosaccharide and a sialic acid. Amongst pediatric solid tumors, NB tumor cells are known to express GD2; hence, it represents a unique antigen for subclinical NB MRD detection and analysis with implications in determining a response for treatment. This article discusses NB MRD expression and analytical assays for GD2 detection and quantification as well as computational approaches for GD2 characterization based on high-throughput image processing and genomic data analysis.
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics identifies neuronal differentiation pathway networks activated by cathepsin inhibition treatment in neuroblastoma cells that are enhanced by concurrent 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104068. [PMID: 33278663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric cancer involving the peripheral nervous system in which stage IVS metastatic tumors regress due to spontaneous differentiation. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic for its differentiation effects and although it improves outcomes, relapse is seen in half of high-risk patients. Combinatorial therapies have been shown to be more effective in oncotherapy and since cathepsin inhibition reduces tumor growth, we explored the potential of coupling 13-cis RA with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) to enhance therapeutic efficacy against neuroblastoma. Shotgun proteomics was used to identify proteins affected by K777 and dual (13-cis RA/K777) treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Cathepsin inhibition was more effective in increasing proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth than 13-cis RA alone, but the combination of both treatments enhanced the neuronal differentiation effect. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of more accurate diagnostic markers and more effective treatments. In this study, we established a differentiation proteomic map of SK-N-SH cells treated with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) and K777/13-cis RA (dual). Bioinformatic analysis revealed these treatments enhanced neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis pathways. The most affected proteins in these pathways may become valuable biomarkers of efficacy of drugs designed to enhance differentiation of neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics reveals novel differentiation proteins in neuroblastoma cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103491. [PMID: 31472280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is the second most common pediatric cancer. A unique feature of neuroblastoma is remission in some patients due to spontaneous differentiation of metastatic tumors. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic to treat neuroblastoma due to its differentiation inducing effects. In this study, we used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins affected by 13-cis RA treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Our results showed that 13-cis RA reduced proteins involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and organization and increased proteins involved in cell adhesion and neurofilament formation. These changes indicate that 13-cis RA induces tumor cell differentiation by decreasing extracellular matrix rigidity and increasing neurite overgrowth. Differentially-affected proteins identified in this study may be novel biomarkers of drug efficacy in the treatment of neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of novel treatments. 13-cis retinoic acid is currently used in the clinic as a differentiation inducer. Here we have established a proteome map of SK-N-SH cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the involvement of development, differentiation, extracellular matrix assembly, collagen biosynthesis, and neurofilament bundle association. This proteome map provides information as to which proteins are important for differentiation and identifies networks that can be targeted by drugs to treat neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Trigg RM, Shaw JA, Turner SD. Opportunities and challenges of circulating biomarkers in neuroblastoma. Open Biol 2019; 9:190056. [PMID: 31088252 PMCID: PMC6544987 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular analysis of nucleic acid and protein biomarkers is becoming increasingly common in paediatric oncology for diagnosis, risk stratification and molecularly targeted therapeutics. However, many current and emerging biomarkers are based on analysis of tumour tissue, which is obtained through invasive surgical procedures and in some cases may not be accessible. Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the utility of circulating biomarkers such as cell-free nucleic acids, circulating tumour cells and extracellular vesicles as a so-called liquid biopsy of cancer. Here, we review the potential of emerging circulating biomarkers in the management of neuroblastoma and highlight challenges to their implementation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky M. Trigg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jacqui A. Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Suzanne D. Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Kumar S, Sun JD, Zhang L, Mokhtari RB, Wu B, Meng F, Liu Q, Bhupathi D, Wang Y, Yeger H, Hart C, Baruchel S. Hypoxia-Targeting Drug Evofosfamide (TH-302) Enhances Sunitinib Activity in Neuroblastoma Xenograft Models. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:911-919. [PMID: 29803017 PMCID: PMC6041570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. However, tumor cells acquire resistance to this therapy by gaining ability to survive and proliferate under hypoxia induced by antiangiogenic therapy. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with hypoxia-activated prodrugs can overcome this limitation. Here, we have tested the combination of antiangiogenic drug sunitinib in combination with hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide in neuroblastoma. In vitro, neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2) was 40-folds sensitive to evofosfamide under hypoxia compared to normoxia. In IV metastatic model, evofosfamide significantly increased mice survival compared to the vehicle (P=.02). In SK-N-BE(2) subcutaneous xenograft model, we tested two different treatment regimens using 30 mg/kg sunitinib and 50 mg/kg evofosfamide. Here, sunitinib therapy when started along with evofosfamide treatment showed higher efficacy compared to single agents in subcutaneous SK-N-BE(2) xenograft model, whereas sunitinib when started 7 days after evofosfamide treatment did not have any advantage compared to treatment with either single agent. Immunofluorescence of tumor sections revealed higher number of apoptotic cells and hypoxic areas compared to either single agent when both treatments were started together. Treatment with 80 mg/kg sunitinib with 50 mg/kg evofosfamide was significantly superior to single agents in both xenograft and metastatic models. This study confirms the preclinical efficacy of sunitinib and evofosfamide in murine models of aggressive neuroblastoma. Sunitinib enhances the efficacy of evofosfamide by increasing hypoxic areas, and evofosfamide targets hypoxic tumor cells. Consequently, each drug enhances the activity of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Jessica D Sun
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., 170 Harbor Way # 300, South San Francisco, CA, USA, 94080
| | - Libo Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4; Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Bing Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Fanying Meng
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., 170 Harbor Way # 300, South San Francisco, CA, USA, 94080
| | - Qian Liu
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., 170 Harbor Way # 300, South San Francisco, CA, USA, 94080
| | - Deepthi Bhupathi
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., 170 Harbor Way # 300, South San Francisco, CA, USA, 94080
| | - Yan Wang
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., 170 Harbor Way # 300, South San Francisco, CA, USA, 94080
| | - Herman Yeger
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8; Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Charles Hart
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., 170 Harbor Way # 300, South San Francisco, CA, USA, 94080
| | - Sylvain Baruchel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8.
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Klein S, Abraham M, Bulvik B, Dery E, Weiss ID, Barashi N, Abramovitch R, Wald H, Harel Y, Olam D, Weiss L, Beider K, Eizenberg O, Wald O, Galun E, Pereg Y, Peled A. CXCR4 Promotes Neuroblastoma Growth and Therapeutic Resistance through miR-15a/16-1-Mediated ERK and BCL2/Cyclin D1 Pathways. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1471-1483. [PMID: 29259008 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 expression in neuroblastoma tumors correlates with disease severity. In this study, we describe mechanisms by which CXCR4 signaling controls neuroblastoma tumor growth and response to therapy. We found that overexpression of CXCR4 or stimulation with CXCL12 supports neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Moreover, CXCR4 inhibition with the high-affinity CXCR4 antagonist BL-8040 prevented tumor growth and reduced survival of tumor cells. These effects were mediated by the upregulation of miR-15a/16-1, which resulted in downregulation of their target genes BCL-2 and cyclin D1, as well as inhibition of ERK. Overexpression of miR-15a/16-1 in cells increased cell death, whereas antagomirs to miR-15a/16-1 abolished the proapoptotic effects of BL-8040. CXCR4 overexpression also increased miR-15a/16-1, shifting their oncogenic dependency from the BCL-2 to the ERK signaling pathway. Overall, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CXCR4 inhibition in neuroblastoma treatment and provide a rationale to test combination therapies employing CXCR4 and BCL-2 inhibitors to increase the efficacy of these agents.Significance: These results provide a mechanistic rationale for combination therapy of CXCR4 and BCL-2 inhibitors to treat a common and commonly aggressive pediatric cancer.Cancer Res; 78(6); 1471-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Klein
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Elia Dery
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido D Weiss
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neta Barashi
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rinat Abramovitch
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Wald
- Biokine Therapeutics Ltd., Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yaniv Harel
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Devorah Olam
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lola Weiss
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katia Beider
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Ori Wald
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Biokine Therapeutics Ltd., Ness Ziona, Israel
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Chen NE, Maldonado NV, Khankaldyyan V, Shimada H, Song MM, Maurer BJ, Reynolds CP. Reactive Oxygen Species Mediates the Synergistic Activity of Fenretinide Combined with the Microtubule Inhibitor ABT-751 against Multidrug-Resistant Recurrent Neuroblastoma Xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2653-2664. [PMID: 27530131 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABT-751 is a colchicine-binding site microtubule inhibitor. Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid. Both agents have shown activity against neuroblastoma in laboratory models and clinical trials. We investigated the antitumor activity of 4-HPR + the microtubule-targeting agents ABT-751, vincristine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, or colchicine in laboratory models of recurrent neuroblastoma. Drug cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro by a fluorescence-based assay (DIMSCAN) and in subcutaneous xenografts in nu/nu mice. Reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization were measured by flow cytometry; cytochrome c release and proapoptotic proteins were measured by immunoblotting. 4-HPR + ABT-751 showed modest additive or synergistic cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation compared with single agents in vitro; synergism was inhibited by antioxidants (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol). 4-HPR + ABT-751 was highly active against four xenograft models, achieving multiple maintained complete responses. The median event-free survival (days) for xenografts from 4 patients combined was control = 28, 4-HPR = 49, ABT-751 = 77, and 4-HPR + ABT-751 > 150 (P < 0.001). Apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL) was significantly higher in 4-HPR + ABT-751-treated tumors than with single agents (P < 0.01) and was inhibited by ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (P < 0.01), indicating that ROS from 4-HPR enhanced the activity of ABT-751. 4-HPR also enhanced the activity against neuroblastoma xenografts of vincristine or paclitaxel, but the latter combinations were less active than 4-HPR + ABT-751. Our data support clinical evaluation of 4-HPR combined with ABT-751 in recurrent and refractory neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2653-64. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Chen
- Department of Systems, Biology, and Disease, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - N Vanessa Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vazgen Khankaldyyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael M Song
- Cancer Center and Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Barry J Maurer
- Cancer Center and Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center and Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas.
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Zhang L, Marrano P, Wu B, Kumar S, Thorner P, Baruchel S. Combined Antitumor Therapy with Metronomic Topotecan and Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug, Evofosfamide, in Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Preclinical Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2697-708. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Yalçin B, Kremer LCM, van Dalen EC. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell rescue for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD006301. [PMID: 26436598 PMCID: PMC8783746 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006301.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma patients is still poor; more than half of patients experience disease recurrence. High-dose chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell rescue (i.e. myeloablative therapy) might improve survival. This review is the second update of a previously published Cochrane review. OBJECTIVES Primary objectiveTo compare the efficacy, that is event-free and overall survival, of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow or stem cell rescue with conventional therapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Secondary objectivesTo determine adverse effects (e.g. veno-occlusive disease of the liver) and late effects (e.g. endocrine disorders or secondary malignancies) related to the procedure and possible effects of these procedures on quality of life. SEARCH METHODS We searched the electronic databases The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2014, issue 11), MEDLINE/PubMed (1966 to December 2014) and EMBASE/Ovid (1980 to December 2014). In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant articles and the conference proceedings of the International Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) (from 2002 to 2014), American Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (ASPHO) (from 2002 to 2014), Advances in Neuroblastoma Research (ANR) (from 2002 to 2014) and American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (from 2008 to 2014). We searched for ongoing trials by scanning the ISRCTN register (www.isrct.com) and the National Institute of Health Register (www.clinicaltrials.gov). Both registers were screened in April 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of myeloablative therapy with conventional therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. If appropriate, we pooled studies. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for dichotomous outcomes. For the assessment of survival data, we calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. We used Parmar's method if hazard ratios were not reported in the study. We used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS We identified three RCTs including 739 children. They all used an age of one year as the cut-off point for pre-treatment risk stratification. The first updated search identified a manuscript reporting additional follow-up data for one of these RCTs, while the second update identified an erratum of this study. There was a significant statistical difference in event-free survival in favour of myeloablative therapy over conventional chemotherapy or no further treatment (three studies, 739 patients; HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.90). There was a significant statistical difference in overall survival in favour of myeloablative therapy over conventional chemotherapy or no further treatment (two studies, 360 patients; HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98). However, when additional follow-up data were included in the analyses the difference in event-free survival remained statistically significant (three studies, 739 patients; HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.90), but the difference in overall survival was no longer statistically significant (two studies, 360 patients; HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.01). The meta-analysis of secondary malignant disease and treatment-related death did not show any significant statistical differences between the treatment groups. Data from one study (379 patients) showed a significantly higher incidence of renal effects, interstitial pneumonitis and veno-occlusive disease in the myeloablative group compared to conventional chemotherapy, whereas for serious infections and sepsis no significant difference between the treatment groups was identified. No information on quality of life was reported. In the individual studies we evaluated different subgroups, but the results were not univocal in all studies. All studies had some methodological limitations. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the currently available evidence, myeloablative therapy seems to work in terms of event-free survival. For overall survival there is currently no evidence of effect when additional follow-up data are included. No definitive conclusions can be made regarding adverse effects and quality of life, although possible higher levels of adverse effects should be kept in mind. A definitive conclusion regarding the effect of myeloablative therapy in different subgroups is not possible. This systematic review only allows a conclusion on the concept of myeloablative therapy; no conclusions can be made regarding the best treatment strategy. Future trials on the use of myeloablative therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma should focus on identifying the most optimal induction and/or myeloablative regimen. The best study design to answer these questions is a RCT. These RCTs should be performed in homogeneous study populations (e.g. stage of disease and patient age) and have a long-term follow-up. Different risk groups, using the most recent definitions, should be taken into account.It should be kept in mind that recently the age cut-off for high risk disease was changed from one year to 18 months. As a result it is possible that patients with what is now classified as intermediate-risk disease have been included in the high-risk groups. Consequently the relevance of the results of these studies to the current practice can be questioned. Survival rates may be overestimated due to the inclusion of patients with intermediate-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Yalçin
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicinePediatric OncologyAnkaraTurkey06100
| | - Leontien CM Kremer
- Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical CenterDepartment of Paediatric OncologyPO Box 22660AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DD
| | - Elvira C van Dalen
- Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical CenterDepartment of Paediatric OncologyPO Box 22660AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DD
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11
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Cheung BB, Tan O, Koach J, Liu B, Shum MSY, Carter DR, Sutton S, Po'uha ST, Chesler L, Haber M, Norris MD, Kavallaris M, Liu T, O'Neill GM, Marshall GM. Thymosin-β4 is a determinant of drug sensitivity for Fenretinide and Vorinostat combination therapy in neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1484-500. [PMID: 25963741 PMCID: PMC5528804 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are an important component of neuroblastoma therapy at the stage of minimal residual disease, yet 40-50% of patients treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) still relapse, indicating the need for more effective retinoid therapy. Vorinostat, or Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) classes I & II and has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid which acts on cancer cells through both nuclear retinoid receptor and non-receptor mechanisms. In this study, we found that the combination of 4-HPR + SAHA exhibited potent cytotoxic effects on neuroblastoma cells, much more effective than 13-cis-RA + SAHA. The 4-HPR + SAHA combination induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through activation of caspase 3, reduced colony formation and cell migration in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. The 4-HPR and SAHA combination significantly increased mRNA expression of thymosin-beta-4 (Tβ4) and decreased mRNA expression of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). Importantly, the up-regulation of Tβ4 and down-regulation of RARα were both necessary for the 4-HPR + SAHA cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, Tβ4 knockdown in neuroblastoma cells increased cell migration and blocked the effect of 4-HPR + SAHA on cell migration and focal adhesion formation. In primary human neuroblastoma tumor tissues, low expression of Tβ4 was associated with metastatic disease and predicted poor patient prognosis. Our findings demonstrate that Tβ4 is a novel therapeutic target in neuroblastoma, and that 4-HPR + SAHA is a potential therapy for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Owen Tan
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Koach
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael S Y Shum
- Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Selina Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sela T Po'uha
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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12
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Kletzel M, Chou PM, Olszewski M, Rademaker AW, Khan S. Expression of Wilms tumor gene in high risk neuroblastoma: complementary marker to tyrosine hydroxylase for detection of minimal residual disease. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:219-25. [PMID: 26835379 PMCID: PMC4729048 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is an enigmatic tumor that often presents with metastatic disease at diagnosis and it is this aggressive propensity which places it among the deadliest pediatric tumors despite intensive multimodal therapy including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We have previously demonstrated that Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) is a surrogate marker of proliferation in leukemia. To determine the potential association between WT1 and a known marker of NB, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in this high risk group of patients. METHODS A total of 141 random samples from 34 patients were obtained, at diagnosis (n=27), during therapy (n=95), in clinical remission (n=13), and at the time of relapse (n=6). Quantitative RT-PCR was used for the evaluation of the level of gene expression using specific primers. RESULTS Although similar gene expressions were demonstrated in both controls when evaluating both genes, significant difference was found at each clinical time point. Furthermore, when comparing patient samples from diagnosis to clinical remission and diagnosis to clinical relapse, individual gene expression varied. WT1 demonstrated significance (P=0.0002) and insignificance (P=0.06) whereas TH remained non-significant (P=0.2, P=0.09) respectively. CONCLUSIONS WT1 gene is indicative of cellular proliferation in NB and for this reason it can be adjuvant to TH for the detection minimal residual disease (MRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Kletzel
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Il, USA ; 2 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Chicago Il, USA ; 3 Stem Cell Transplant Research Laboratory, Chicago Il, USA ; 4 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Pathology, Chicago Il, USA
| | - Pauline M Chou
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Il, USA ; 2 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Chicago Il, USA ; 3 Stem Cell Transplant Research Laboratory, Chicago Il, USA ; 4 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Pathology, Chicago Il, USA
| | - Marie Olszewski
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Il, USA ; 2 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Chicago Il, USA ; 3 Stem Cell Transplant Research Laboratory, Chicago Il, USA ; 4 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Pathology, Chicago Il, USA
| | - Alfred W Rademaker
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Il, USA ; 2 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Chicago Il, USA ; 3 Stem Cell Transplant Research Laboratory, Chicago Il, USA ; 4 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Pathology, Chicago Il, USA
| | - Sana Khan
- 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Il, USA ; 2 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Chicago Il, USA ; 3 Stem Cell Transplant Research Laboratory, Chicago Il, USA ; 4 Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Department of Pathology, Chicago Il, USA
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13
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Shankar V, Hori H, Kihira K, Lei Q, Toyoda H, Iwamoto S, Komada Y. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome up-regulates 47 kDa CXCR4 expression, and induce invasiveness in neuroblastoma cell lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120069. [PMID: 25774696 PMCID: PMC4361348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma accounts for 15% of childhood cancer deaths and presents with metastatic disease of the bone and the bone marrow at diagnosis in 70% of the cases. Previous studies have shown that the Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) secretome, triggers metastases in several cancer types such as breast and prostate cancer, but the specific role of the MSC factors in neuroblastoma metastasis is unclear. To better understand the effect of MSC secretome on chemokine receptors in neuroblastoma, and its role in metastasis, we studied a panel of 20 neuroblastoma cell lines, and compared their invasive potential towards MSC-conditioned-RPMI (mRPMI) and their cytokine receptor expression profiles. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of multiple CXCR4 isoforms in neuroblastoma cells. Among the five major isoforms, the expression of the 47 kDa isoform showed significant correlation with high invasiveness. Pretreatment with mRPMI up-regulated the expression of the 47 kDa CXCR4 isoform and also increased MMP-9 secretion, expression of integrin α3 and integrin β1, and the invasive potential of the cell; while blocking CXCR4 either with AMD 3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, or with an anti-47 kDa CXCR4 neutralizing antibody decreased the secretion of MMP-9, the expression of integrin α3 and integrin β1, and the invasive potential of the cell. Pretreatment with mRPMI also protected the 47 kDa CXCR4 isoform from ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Our data suggest a modulatory role of the MSC secretome on the expression of the 47 kDa CXCR4 isoform and invasion potential of the neuroblastoma cells to the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kentaro Kihira
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Qi Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidemi Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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14
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, De Pascali SA, Ciaccio C, Coletta M, Fanizzi FP, Marini S. Novel Platinum(II) compounds modulate insulin-degrading enzyme activity and induce cell death in neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:101-108. [PMID: 25450414 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The properties of three novel Platinum(II) compounds toward the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) enzymatic activity have been investigated under physiological conditions. The rationale of this study resides on previous observations that these compounds, specifically designed and synthesized by some of us, induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, whereas IDE has been proposed as a putative oncogene involved in neuroblastoma onset and progression. Two of these compounds, namely [PtCl(O,O'-acac)(DMSO)] and [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)], display a modulatory behavior, wherefore activation or inhibition of IDE activity occurs over different concentration ranges (suggesting the existence of two binding sites on the enzyme). On the other hand, [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMSO)] shows a typical competitive inhibitory pattern, characterized by a meaningful affinity constant (K i = 0.95 ± 0.21 μM). Although all three compounds induce cell death in neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells at concentrations exceeding 2 μM, the two modulators facilitate cells' proliferation at concentrations ≤ 1.5 μM, whereas the competitive inhibitor [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMSO)] only shows a pro-apoptotic activity at all investigated concentrations. These features render the [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMSO)] a promising "lead compound" for the synthesis of IDE-specific inhibitors (not characterized yet) with therapeutic potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Sandra A De Pascali
- CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Department of Environmental Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco P Fanizzi
- CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Department of Environmental Biological Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,CIRCMSB, Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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15
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Ledet GA, Graves RA, Glotser EY, Mandal TK, Bostanian LA. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of hydrophilic fenretinide nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2014; 479:329-37. [PMID: 25542987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide is an effective anti-cancer drug with high in vitro cytotoxicity and low in vivo systemic toxicity. In clinical trials, fenretinide has shown poor therapeutic efficacy following oral administration - attributed to its low bioavailability and solubility. The long term goal of this project is to develop a formulation for the oral delivery of fenretinide. The purpose of this part of the study was to prepare and characterize hydrophilic nanoparticle formulations of fenretinide. Three different ratios of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to fenretinide were used, namely, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1. Both drug and polymer were dissolved in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (2:23 v/v). Rotary evaporation was used to remove the solvents, and, following reconstitution with water, a high pressure homogenizer was used to form nanoparticles. The particle size and polydispersity index were measured before and after lyophilization. The formulations were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The effectiveness of the formulations was assessed by release studies and Caco-2 cell permeability assays. As the PVP content increased, the recovered particle size following lyophilization became more consistent with the pre-lyophilization particle size, especially for those formulations with less lactose. The DSC scans of the formulations did not show any fenretinide melting endotherms, indicating that the drug was either present in an amorphous form in the formulation or that a solid solution of the drug in PVP had formed. For the release studies, the highest drug release among the formulations was 249.2±35.5ng/mL for the formulation with 4:1 polymer-to-drug. When the permeability of the formulations was evaluated in a Caco-2 cell model, the mean normalized flux for each treatment group was significantly higher (p<0.05) from the fenretinide control. The formulation containing 4:1 polymer-to-drug ratio and 6:5 lactose-to-formulation ratio emerged as the optimal choice for further evaluation as a potential oral delivery formulation for fenretinide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Ledet
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Richard A Graves
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Elena Y Glotser
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Tarun K Mandal
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Levon A Bostanian
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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16
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Yalçin B, Kremer LC, Caron HN, van Dalen EC. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell rescue for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD006301. [PMID: 23970444 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006301.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma patients is still poor; more than half of patients experience disease recurrence. High-dose chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell rescue (i.e. myeloablative therapy) might improve survival. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of myeloablative therapy with conventional therapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Secondary objectives were to determine possible effects of these interventions on adverse events, late effects and quality of life. SEARCH METHODS We searched the electronic databases CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2012, issue 6), MEDLINE/PubMed (1966 to June 2012) and EMBASE/Ovid (1980 to June 2012). In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant articles and the conference proceedings of the International Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) (from 2002 to 2011), American Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (ASPHO) (from 2002 to 2012), Advances in Neuroblastoma Research (ANR) (from 2002 to 2012) and American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (from 2008 to 2012). We searched for ongoing trials by scanning the ISRCTN register and the National Institute of Health Register (http://www.controlled-trials.com; both screened July 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of myeloablative therapy with conventional therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. If appropriate, we pooled studies. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for dichotomous outcomes. For the assessment of survival data, we calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. We used Parmar's method if hazard ratios were not reported in the study. We used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS We identified three RCTs including 739 children. They all used an age of one year as the cut-off point for pre-treatment risk stratification. The updated search identified a manuscript reporting additional follow-up data for one of these RCTs. There was a statistically significant difference in event-free survival in favour of myeloablative therapy over conventional chemotherapy or no further treatment (3 studies, 739 patients; HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.90). There was a statistically significant difference in overall survival in favour of myeloablative therapy over conventional chemotherapy or no further treatment (2 studies, 360 patients; HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98). However, when additional follow-up data were included in the analyses the difference in event-free survival remained statistically significant (3 studies. 739 patients; HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.90), but the difference in overall survival was no longer statistically significant (2 studies, 360 patients; HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.01). The meta-analysis of secondary malignant disease and treatment-related death did not show any statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Data from one study (379 patients) showed a significantly higher incidence of renal effects, interstitial pneumonitis and veno-occlusive disease in the myeloablative group compared to conventional chemotherapy, whereas for serious infections and sepsis no significant difference between the treatment groups was identified. No information on quality of life was reported. In the individual studies we evaluated different subgroups, but the results were not univocal in all studies. All studies had some methodological limitations. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the currently available evidence, myeloablative therapy seems to work in terms of event-free survival. For overall survival there is currently no evidence of effect when additional follow-up data are included. No definitive conclusions can be made regarding adverse effects and quality of life, although possible higher levels of adverse effects should be kept in mind. A definitive conclusion regarding the effect of myeloablative therapy in different subgroups is not possible. This systematic review only allows a conclusion on the concept of myeloablative therapy; no conclusions can be made regarding the best treatment strategy. Future trials on the use of myeloablative therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma should focus on identifying the most optimal induction and/or myeloablative regimen. The best study design to answer these questions is a RCT. These RCTs should be performed in homogeneous study populations (e.g. stage of disease and patient age) and have a long-term follow-up. Different risk groups, using the most recent definitions, should be taken into account.It should be kept in mind that recently the age cut-off for high risk disease was changed from one year to 18 months. As a result it is possible that patients with what is now classified as intermediate-risk disease have been included in the high-risk groups. Consequently the relevance of the results of these studies to the current practice can be questioned. Survival rates may be overestimated due to the inclusion of patients with intermediate-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Yalçin
- Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, 06100
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klingebiel
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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18
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Smith ME, Das BC, Kalpana GV. In vitro activities of novel 4-HPR derivatives on a panel of rhabdoid and other tumor cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2011; 11:34. [PMID: 21951911 PMCID: PMC3204277 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-11-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are aggressive pediatric malignancies with poor prognosis. N-(4-hydroxy phenyl) retinamide (4-HPR or fenretinide) is a potential chemotherapeutic for RTs with activity correlated to its ability to down-modulate Cyclin D1. Previously, we synthesized novel halogen-substituted and peptidomimetic-derivatives of 4-HPR that retained activity in MON RT cells. Here we analyzed the effect of 4-HPR in inhibiting the growth of several RT, glioma, and breast cancer cell lines and tested their effect on cell cycle, apoptosis and Cyclin D1 expression. METHODS Effect of compounds on RT cell cycle profiles, and cell death were assessed by MTS cell survival assays and FACS analysis. The effects of treatment on Cyclin D1 expression were determined by immunoblotting. The efficacy of these compounds on glioma and breast cancer cell lines was also determined using MTS assays. RESULTS Low micromolar concentrations of 4-HPR derivatives inhibited cell survival of all RT cells tested. The 4-HPR derivatives altered RT cell cycle profiles and induced high levels of cell death that was correlated with their potency. ATRA exhibited high IC50 values in all cell lines tested and did not cause cell death. In MON RT cells, the iodo-substituted compounds were more active than 4-HPR in inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, the activity of the compounds correlated with their ability to down-modulate Cyclin D1: while active compounds reduced Cyclin D1 levels, inactive ATRA did not. In glioma and breast cancer cell lines, 4-HPR and 4-HPR derivatives showed variable efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that the inhibitory activities of novel halogen-substituted and peptidomimetic derivatives of 4-HPR are correlated to their ability to induce cell death and down-modulate Cyclin D1. These 4-HPR derivatives showed varied potencies in breast cancer and glioma cell lines. These data indicate that further studies are warranted on these derivatives of 4-HPR due to their low IC50s in RT cells. These derivatives are of general interest, as conjugation of halogen radioisotopes such as 18F, 124I, or 131I to 4-HPR will allow us to combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a single drug, and to perform PET/SPECT imaging studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Smith
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ganjam V Kalpana
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Minimal disease detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with non-metastatic neuroblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1263-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-0997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Edry Botzer L, Maman S, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Nevo I, Bäuerle T, Yron I, Witz IP. Lung-residing metastatic and dormant neuroblastoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:524-36. [PMID: 21703429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which dormant tumor cells can begin growing after long periods of inactivity and accelerate disease recurrence is poorly understood. The present study characterizes dormant neuroblastoma (NB) cells, as well as metastatic cells, which reside in the same organ microenvironment. A xenograft model of human NB consisting of variants that generate nonmetastatic local tumors in the orthotopic inoculation site and variants that generate lung metastatic NB (MetNB) cells was developed in our laboratory. The present study shows that lungs of mice inoculated with nonmetastatic NB variants contain disseminated neuroblastoma (DisNB) human cells. Both DisNB and MetNB variants expressed a similar tumorigenicty phenotype in vivo, whereas the MetNB variants produced a heavy metastatic load and the DisNB variants produced no or little metastasis. A comparative in vitro characterization of MetNB and DisNB cells revealed similarities and differences. DisNB, but not MetNB cells, expressed the minimal residual disease markers PHOX2B and TH. MetNB cells demonstrated higher migratory capacity, an elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, and a higher constitutive phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) than DisNB cells. We suggest that characteristics common to both MetNB and DisNB cells were acquired relatively early in the metastatic process and the characteristics that differ between these variants were acquired later. We hypothesize that the DisNB cells are metastasis precursors, which may progress toward metastasis under certain microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Edry Botzer
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Hadjidaniel MD, Reynolds CP. Antagonism of cytotoxic chemotherapy in neuroblastoma cell lines by 13-cis-retinoic acid is mediated by the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 9:3164-74. [PMID: 21159604 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
13-cis-Retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) is given at completion of cytotoxic therapy to control minimal residual disease in neuroblastoma. We investigated the effect of combining 13-cis-RA with cytotoxic agents employed in neuroblastoma therapy using a panel of 6 neuroblastoma cell lines. The effect of 13-cis-RA on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was studied by flow cytometry, cytotoxicity by DIMSCAN, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Pretreatment and direct combination of 13-cis-RA with etoposide, topotecan, cisplatin, melphalan, or doxorubicin markedly antagonized the cytotoxicity of those agents in 4 out of 6 tested neuroblastoma cell lines, increasing fractional cell survival by 1 to 3 logs. The inhibitory concentration of drugs (IC(99)) increased from clinically achievable levels to nonachievable levels, greater than 5-fold (cisplatin) to greater than 7-fold (etoposide). In SMS-KNCR neuroblastoma cells, 13-cis-RA upregulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL RNA and protein, and this was associated with protection from etoposide-mediated apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. A small molecule inhibitor of the Bcl-2 family of proteins (ABT-737) restored mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis in response to cytotoxic agents in 13-cis-RA treated cells. Prior selection for resistance to RA did not diminish the response to cytotoxic treatment. Thus, combining 13-cis-RA with cytotoxic chemotherapy significantly reduced the cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma in vitro, mediated at least in part via the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hadjidaniel
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 79430-6450, USA.
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Yalçin B, Kremer LC, Caron HN, van Dalen EC. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell rescue for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:CD006301. [PMID: 20464740 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006301.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma patients is still poor; more than half of patients experience disease recurrence. High-dose chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell rescue (i.e. myeloablative therapy) might improve survival. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of myeloablative therapy with conventional therapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 1), MEDLINE/PubMed (1966 to January 2009) and EMBASE/Ovid (1980 to January 2009). In addition, we searched reference lists of relevant articles, conference proceedings and ongoing trial databases. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of myeloablative therapy with conventional therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. If possible, we pooled results. MAIN RESULTS We identified three RCTs including 739 children. The meta-analysis of event-free survival showed a significant difference in favour of the myeloablative therapy group (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.90), as did the meta-analysis of overall survival (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98). The meta-analysis of secondary malignant disease and treatment-related death did not show a significant difference between the treatment groups. In one study a significant difference in favour of the conventional therapy group was identified for renal effects, interstitial pneumonitis and veno-occlusive disease, whereas for serious infections and sepsis no significant difference between the treatment groups was identified. In the individual studies we evaluated different subgroups, but the results were not univocal in all studies. All studies had some methodological limitations. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the currently available evidence, myeloablative therapy seems to be a good treatment option for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. It results in higher survival rates than conventional therapy, although possible higher levels of adverse effects should be kept in mind. A definitive conclusion regarding the effect of myeloablative therapy in different subgroups is not possible. This systematic review only allows a conclusion on the concept of myeloablative therapy; no conclusions can be made regarding the best treatment strategy. Future trials on the use of myeloablative therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma should focus on identifying the most optimal induction and/or myeloablative regimen. The best study design to answer these questions is a RCT. These RCTs should be performed in homogeneous study populations (for example, regarding stage of disease and patient age) and have a long-term follow up. Different risk groups should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Yalçin
- Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, 06100
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the commonest and most aggressive paediatric malignancies. The majority of children present with metastatic disease for which long-term survival remains poor despite intensive multi-modal therapies. Toxicity from current treatment regimes is already significant, and there is little room to further intensify therapy. Alternative treatment strategies are therefore needed in order to improve survival. Immunotherapy is an attractive therapeutic option for these children as it potentially offers a much more specific and less toxic treatment than conventional therapies. This review discusses the different immunotherapy strategies that may be useful in neuroblastoma, their advantages and disadvantages and the challenges that need to be overcome to successfully use them clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet C Gray
- Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Sultan I, Ghandour K, Al-Jumaily U, Hashem S, Rodriguez-Galindo C. Local control of the primary tumour in metastatic neuroblastoma. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1728-32. [PMID: 19447607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The previous studies have stressed on the importance of loco-regional control in the management of high-risk neuroblastoma. We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) database for patients older than 2years with metastatic neuroblastoma who were diagnosed from 1998 to 2005. We identified 291 patients (mean age, 4.35years). The 5-year survival estimate was 53.2%+/-6.4% for patients who had complete resection of their primary tumours (n=116) and 35.7%+/-4.7% for patients who did not have complete resection (p=0.003). External-beam radiotherapy did not affect survival (p=0.79); this finding has to be taken with caution due to the study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC), Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan.
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Kuroda T, Morikawa N, Matsuoka K, Fujino A, Honna T, Nakagawa A, Kumagai M, Masaki H, Saeki M. Prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells and bone marrow micrometastasis in advanced neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:2182-5. [PMID: 19040931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to study the prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and the appropriate indications for aggressive surgery in advanced neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Micrometastasis was sequentially explored using our reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method in 29 neuroblastoma patients (International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage 4, n = 24; stage 3, n = 5) who treated at our department with the united chemotherapeutic regimen since 1991. Their medical records and detection of CTC and/or the bone marrow micrometastasis were retrospectively reviewed then analyzed statistically. RESULTS The overall survival rate was 58.6% (17/29). Circulating tumor cells were detected in 55.6% of the stage 4 patients, and all deaths were related to systemic metastases in the CTC-positive patients. The detection of CTC scarcely associated with MYCN amplification. In the patients showing MYCN amplification but no CTC, all deaths were related to local relapse or chemotherapy-associated complications. The survival rate was not significantly different between the patients with and without MYCN amplification (56.8% vs 52.7%). However, it was significantly lower in the patients with CTC and/or persistent bone marrow micrometastasis compared to those without detectable micrometastasis (33.8% vs 87.5%; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of CTC and/or persistent micrometastasis may indicate a significantly high risk, regardless of MYCN amplification. Patients with MYCN amplification but no micrometastasis would be most benefited by highly intensive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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Stutterheim J, Gerritsen A, Zappeij-Kannegieter L, Kleijn I, Dee R, Hooft L, van Noesel MM, Bierings M, Berthold F, Versteeg R, Caron HN, van der Schoot CE, Tytgat GAM. PHOX2B is a novel and specific marker for minimal residual disease testing in neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:5443-9. [PMID: 18838715 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.13.6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in neuroblastoma can be used to monitor therapy response and to evaluate stem cell harvests. Commonly used PCR markers, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and GD2 synthase, have expression in normal tissues, thus limiting MRD detection. To identify a more specific MRD marker, we tested PHOX2B. PATIENTS AND METHODS To determine PHOX2B, TH, and GD2 synthase expression in normal tissues, it was measured by real-time quantitative PCR in samples of normal bone marrow (BM; n = 51), peripheral blood (PB; n = 37), and peripheral-blood stem cells (PBSCs; n = 24). Then, 289 samples of 101 Dutch patients and 47 samples of 43 German patients were tested for PHOX2B and TH; these samples included 52 tumor, 214 BM, 32 BM, and 38 PBSC harvests. Of the 214 BM samples, 167 were compared with cytology, and 47 BM samples were compared with immunocytology (IC). RESULTS In contrast to TH and GD2 synthase, PHOX2B was not expressed in any of the normal samples. In patient samples, PHOX2B was detected in 32% cytology-negative and in 14% IC-negative samples and in 94% of cytology-positive and in 90% of IC-positive BM samples. Overall, PHOX2B was positive in 43% compared with 31% for TH. In 24% of all samples, TH expression was inconclusive, which is similar to expression found in normal tissues. In 42% of these samples, PHOX2B expression was positive. CONCLUSION PHOX2B is superior to TH and GD2 synthase in specificity and sensitivity for MRD detection of neuroblastoma by using real-time quantitative PCR. We propose to include PHOX2B in additional prospective MRD studies in neuroblastoma alongside TH and other MRD markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Stutterheim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Das BC, Smith ME, Kalpana GV. Design and synthesis of 4-HPR derivatives for rhabdoid tumors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3805-8. [PMID: 18515102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are aggressive pediatric malignancies with poor prognosis that arise due to loss of the hSNF5/INI1 tumor suppressor. Molecular studies indicate that cyclin D1, a downstream effector of INI1 is up regulated in RT, and is essential for this tumor formation. Previously we demonstrated that 4-HPR, a synthetic retinoid that targets Cyclin D1, is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for RT. To facilitate further chemical development of this retinoid, and to determine its active moiety, we synthesized small chemical libraries of 4-HPR and tested their cytotoxic effect on RT cells. We synthesized 4-HPR (1) and the derivatives (5a-5n) starting from retinoic acid. First, retinoic acid was converted to acid chloride derivatives, then in the presence of DMF, base, and aniline derivatives, we synthesized the corresponding 4-hydroxy phenyl amine derivatives (5a-5n). This procedure gave 70-90% yield. Then, the 4-HPR derivatives were tested for their ability to inhibit RT cells using an in vitro cell survival assay. We found that the 4-hydroxy group at para-position is essential for cytotoxic activity against RT cells. Furthermore, we identified a few derivatives of 4-HPR with higher cytotoxic potencies than 4-HPR. In addition, we demonstrate that either chloro, fluoro or iodo derivatives at meta-position of phenyl ring retain the cytotoxic activity. Interestingly, substitution of iodo-moiety at meta-position (5j) substantially increased the efficacy (IC(50) approximately 3muM, Fig. 1D). These results indicate that chemical modification of 4-HPR may result in derivatives with increased therapeutic potential for RTs and that halogen substituted 4-HPR that retain the activity can be synthesized for further therapeutic and diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C Das
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Marabelle A, Paillard C, Tchirkov A, Halle P, Chassagne J, Deméocq F, Kanold J. Graft-versus-tumour effect in refractory metastatic neuroblastoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:809-10. [PMID: 17450181 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yalçin B, van Dalen EC, Caron HN, Kremer LCM. High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue for children with high risk neuroblastoma. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim HJ, Chakravarti N, Oridate N, Choe C, Claret FX, Lotan R. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide-induced apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species is mediated by activation of MAPKs in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2006; 25:2785-94. [PMID: 16407847 PMCID: PMC1458365 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR), a synthetic retinoid effective in cancer chemoprevention and therapy, is thought to act via apoptosis induction resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. As ROS can activate MAP kinases and protein kinase C (PKC), we examined the role of such enzymes in 4HPR-induced apoptosis in HNSCC UMSCC22B cells. 4HPR increased ROS level within 1 h and induced activation of caspase 3 and PARP cleavage within 24 h. Activation of MKK3/6 and MKK4, JNK, p38 and ERK was detected between 6 and 12 h, increased up to 24 h and preceded apoptosis. 4HPR-induced activation of these kinases was abrogated by the antioxidants BHA and vitamin C. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, suppressed 4HPR-induced c-Jun phosphorylation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and apoptosis. Suppression of JNK1 and JNK2 using siRNA decreased, whereas overexpression of wild type-JNK1 enhanced 4HPR-induced apoptosis. PD169316, a p38, inhibitor suppressed phosphorylation of Hsp27 and apoptosis. PD98059, an MEK1/2 inhibitor, also suppressed ERK1/2 activation and apoptosis induced by 4HPR. Likewise, PKC inhibitor GF109203X suppressed ERK and p38 phosphorylation and PARP cleavage. These data indicate that 4HPR-induced apoptosis is triggered by ROS increase, leading to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein serine/threonine kinases JNK, p38, PKC and ERK, and subsequent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA and
| | - N Chakravarti
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA and
| | - N Oridate
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA and
| | - C Choe
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA and
| | - F-X Claret
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Lotan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA and
- Correspondence: Dr R Lotan, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology-Unit 432, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
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Grupp SA, Cohn SL, Wall D, Reynolds CP. Collection, storage, and infusion of stem cells in children with high-risk neuroblastoma: saving for a rainy day. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 46:719-22. [PMID: 16429413 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this position statement issued by the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Discipline and the Neuroblastoma Disease Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG), we address the feasibility and advisability of collecting sufficient peripheral blood stem cells in neuroblastoma patients to both support the planned initial HDC/SCR procedure(s) as well as allow for therapies, potentially utilized after a recurrence of disease, that may require PBSC support. An additional aliquot of cells for potential subsequent therapies could be collected at the time of the initial PBSC apheresis episode, by any of extending the collection time, extending the apheresis episode by a single day, or cryopreserving a separate aliquot from collections in which large numbers of CD34+ cells are collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Grupp
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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McAllister NR, Lessnick SL. The potential for molecular therapeutic targets in Ewing's sarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2006; 6:461-71. [PMID: 16242051 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-005-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma is an uncompromising tumor of children and young adults. Before the introduction of chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma, nearly all patients succumbed to their disease, even with highly aggressive approaches to local control. The realization that most patients have micrometastatic disease at presentation, and the identification of active chemotherapeutic agents for this tumor, have resulted in significant improvements in patient survival. Modern therapy for Ewing's sarcoma combines high-dose chemotherapy for systemic control of disease, with advanced surgical and/or radiation therapeutic approaches for local control. Current therapy remains imperfect. Despite optimal management, the cure rate for localized disease is only approximately 70%, whereas the cure rate for metastatic disease at presentation is less than 30%. Patients who experience long-term disease-free survival are at risk for significant side effects of therapy, including infertility, limb dysfunction, and an increased risk for second malignancies. More effective and less toxic therapies are needed. This report presents an overview of dysregulated molecular pathways in Ewing's sarcoma and highlights the possibility that they may serve as therapeutic targets for the disease. Although a great deal of additional investigation is required before most of these approaches can be assessed in the clinic, we think that these potential new targets offer a great deal of hope for patients with Ewing's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R McAllister
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Room 4242, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Comparison of different techniques and markers in the detection of neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples: are they really equivalent? Target Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-006-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a neuroectodermal tumor of childhood with poor prognosis and low survival in patients with advanced-stage disease who respond to conventional therapies but unfortunately, often present relapse. Therefore, the search for novel therapeutic strategies is warranted and represents the objective of many investigators. Among the new, innovative approaches, immunotherapy has attracted much interest. However, until recently, little information was available about the immunogenicity of human neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzia Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, G Gaslini Institute, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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Otto M, Barfield RC, Martin WJ, Iyengar R, Leung W, Leimig T, Chaleff S, Gillies SD, Handgretinger R. Combination Immunotherapy with Clinical-Scale Enriched Human γδ T cells, hu14.18 Antibody, and the Immunocytokine Fc-IL7 in Disseminated Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:8486-91. [PMID: 16322312 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a combined cellular and humoral immunotherapy regimen in a mouse model of disseminated human neuroblastoma. We tested combinations of clinical-grade, isolated human gammadelta T cells with the humanized anti-GD2 antibody hu14.18 and a novel fusion cytokine, Fc-IL7. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN gammadelta T cells were large-scale enriched from leukapheresis product obtained from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized donors. gammadelta T cell cytotoxicity was tested in a europium-TDA release assay. The effect of Fc-IL7 on gammadelta T-cell survival in vitro was assessed by flow cytometry. NOD.CB17-Prkdc(scid)/J mice received 1 x 10(6) NB-1691 neuroblastoma cells via the tail vein 5 to 6 days before therapy began. Treatment, for five consecutive weeks, consisted of injections of 1 x 10(6) gammadelta T cells weekly, 1 x 10(6) gammadelta T cells weekly, and 20 microg hu14.18 antibody four times per week, or 1 x 10(6) gammadelta T cells weekly with 20 microg hu14.18 antibody four times per week, and 20 mug Fc-IL7 once weekly. RESULTS The natural cytotoxicity of gammadelta T cells to NB-1691 cells in vitro was dramatically enhanced by hu14.18 antibody. Fc-IL7 effectively kept cultured gammadelta T cells viable. Combination therapy with gammadelta T cells and hu14.18 antibody significantly enhanced survival (P = 0.001), as did treatment with gammadelta T cells, hu14.18 antibody, and Fc-IL7 (P = 0.005). Inclusion of Fc-IL7 offered an additional survival benefit (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS We have shown a new and promising immunotherapy regimen for neuroblastoma that requires clinical evaluation. Our approach might also serve as a therapeutic model for other malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Blood Donors
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gangliosides/immunology
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Interleukin-7/immunology
- Leukapheresis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/prevention & control
- Neuroblastoma/secondary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Otto
- Department of Hematology-Oncology and Animal Resources Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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