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Anelli V, Gatta E, Pirola I, Delbarba A, Rotondi M, Cappelli C. Thyroid impairment and male fertility: a narrative review of literature. Aging Male 2024; 27:2310303. [PMID: 38347677 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2310303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of thyroid function on male fertility, focusing on hypo- and hyperthyroidism. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Original studies in English published online up to 31 May 2023 were selected and reviewed. The final reference list was defined based on the relevance of each paper to the scope of this review. RESULTS The available data in animals (31 studies) and human (26 studies) showed conflicting results. However, thyroid dysfunction altered erection and ejaculation both in animal models than in men. CONCLUSION Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism seem to cause ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hence, Guidelines recommend against the systematic screening for thyroid disorders in the men in sub-fertile couples, but only in men with ejaculation and erectile dysfunction and/or altered semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Anelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Gatta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pirola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Ferrari SM, Paparo SR, Ragusa F, Elia G, Mazzi V, Patrizio A, Ghionzoli M, Varricchi G, Centanni M, Ulisse S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Chemokines in thyroid autoimmunity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101773. [PMID: 36907786 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Th1 lymphocytes are recruited by Th1 chemokines, secreted by damaged cells. In inflamed tissues, the attracted Th1 lymphocytes induce the IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha release, that stimulates the secretion of Th1 chemokines, initiating and reiterating an amplification feedback loop. Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) are the most recurrent autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis, clinically defined by thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, respectively. Graves' ophthalmopathy is one of GD extrathyroidal manifestations, occurring in ~30-50% of GD patients. In the early phase of AITD, the Th1 immune response is prevalent, and a following switch to a Th2 immune response has been shown in the late, inactive, phase. The reviewed data underline the importance of chemokines in thyroid autoimmunity and suggest CXCR3-receptor and its chemokines as potential targets of novel drugs for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Endocrine Unit, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Perkin MR, Strachan DP. The hygiene hypothesis for allergy - conception and evolution. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1051368. [PMID: 36506644 PMCID: PMC9731379 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1051368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1989, a short paper entitled "Hay fever, hygiene and household size" observed that British children from larger families were less likely to develop hay fever and suggested that this could be because early exposure to infection prevents allergy. This sibship size association for hay fever, since replicated many times in Britain and other affluent countries and confirmed by objective measures of atopy, prompted what has come to be known as the "hygiene hypothesis for allergy", although that term was not specifically used in the 1989 paper. The present paper reviews the historical roots of the "hygiene hypothesis" and charts its development over more than 30 years. Initial scepticism among immunologists turned to enthusiasm in the mid-1990s as the Th1/Th2 paradigm for allergic sensitisation emerged from animal experiments and the concept of "immunological old friends" became popular from the early 2000s. From the late 1990s, observations of reduced allergy risk among children of anthroposophic families and those brought up on farms suggested that the sibship size effects formed part of a broader range of "hygiene-related" determinants of allergy. Children from large families with farming exposure have approximately sixfold reduction in prevalence of hay fever, indicating the potential strength and epidemiological importance of these environmental determinants. During the 21st century, a wide range of specific microbial, environmental and lifestyle factors have been investigated as possible underlying mechanisms, but sadly none have emerged as robust explanations for the family size and farming effects. Thus, while the "hygiene hypothesis" led to a fundamental reappraisal of our relationship with our microbial environment and to the concept that early exposure, rather than avoidance, is beneficial for developing a healthy immune system, the underlying mechanism for variations in allergy prevalence with family size remains, in Churchillian terms, "a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma".
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang H, Gao J, Wu Y, Meng X, Zhong Y, Chen H. Potential Allergenicity Response to Moringa oleifera Leaf Proteins in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4700. [PMID: 36364962 PMCID: PMC9654714 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The reported association of Moringa oleifera seeds and allergic disease clinically resembling occupational asthma in cosmetic manufacturing workers has resultedin the need to identify such components in the manufacturing process. However, Moringa oleifera leaves from the same plant, an important food ingredient, have limited immunotoxicity data. This study aimed to determine if Moringa oleifera leafproteins (MLP) can elicit allergic responses in BALB/c mice. The BALB/c mice were sensitized twice and challenged 10 times to evaluate the potential allergenicityof MLP in vivo. The results showed increased levels of mast cells, total and specific IgE and IgG, severe signs of systemic anaphylaxis, and reduced body temperature compared with controls. The sensitized mice serum observed enhanced levels of histamine and Th-related cytokine release. Compared with the control group, increased levels of interleukins IL-4, IL-9, and IL-17A and enhanced expression and secretion of normal T cells were found in the culture supernatant of splenocytes treated with MLP.This study suggeststhat MLPcanelicit allergic responses; this providesmore comprehensive guidance for identifying new allergen candidates and developing hypoallergenic MLP products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Weng L, Huang G, Gong L, Xu J, Mao Y, Li Y, Li M. Low levels of serum IL-39 are associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24284. [PMID: 35182078 PMCID: PMC8993603 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)‐39 is a novel member of IL‐12 cytokine family, but its role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine serum levels of IL‐39 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) patients. Methods A total of 48 patients with HT, 50 patients with GD, and 45 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Levels of serum IL‐39 were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with HC group, levels of serum IL‐39 in patients with HT (p < 0.05) and GD (p < 0.01) were drastically reduced. Among patients with HT, serum IL‐39 levels had a positive correlation with white blood cell count (WBC) count and free triiodothyronine level. Among patients with GD, the levels of IL‐39 in serum were positively correlated with WBC count and C‐reactive protein levels. Conclusions IL‐39 may be a new potential predictor for patients with HT and GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Weng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoqing Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Luping Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yushan Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Paparo SR, Ferrari SM, Patrizio A, Elia G, Ragusa F, Botrini C, Balestri E, Guarneri F, Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Myoinositol in Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:930756. [PMID: 35837308 PMCID: PMC9273877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.930756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoinositol (Myo) is an isoform of inositol, a cyclic polyol with 6 hydroxyl groups. Myo is mainly derived from dietary intake while its endogenous production is generated from glucose by enzymatic reactions. Moreover, Myo is also synthesized de novo by catabolism of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphoinositides (PIP), and inositol phosphates (IP). Myo has a determinant role in thyroid function and autoimmune diseases as it regulates iodine organification and thyroid hormone biosynthesis by the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in thyrocytes. Depletion of Myo that is involved in the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling pathway, may cause the development of thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism. TSH levels significantly decreased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, with or without autoimmune thyroiditis, after treatment with Myo plus Selenium (Myo+Se). In addition to TSH, antithyroid autoantibodies are reduced. This review summarizes the role of Myo in the thyroidal physiology and its role in the management of some thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Elia G, Paparo SR, Mazzi V, Baldini E, Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Precision Medicine in Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750380. [PMID: 34867359 PMCID: PMC8635786 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are T-cell-mediated organ specific autoimmune disorders, deriving from an altered response of the immune system that leads to the immune attack to the thyroid. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are the two principal AITD clinical presentations. Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are, respectively, the clinical hallmarks of HT and GD. Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis are treated daily with synthetic L-thyroxine (L-T4) at the dose of 1.5–1.7 μg/kg. Various L-T4 formulations are commercially available (tablet, liquid solution, or soft gel capsule). L-T4 in tablets is generally prescribed to treat hypothyroidism, whereas the liquid formulation, or soft gel capsules, can be administered in hypothyroid patients in case of malabsorption or in patients in therapy with drugs interfering with L-T4 absorption. Furthermore, myoinositol has a crucial role in thyroid autoimmunity and function. Clinical studies reported a significant decline in TSH and antithyroid autoantibodies levels after treatment with myoinositol + selenium in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. Moreover, thyroidectomy can be rarely recommended in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, with cosmetic reasons for a goiter, or with important signs or symptoms of local compression, or nodular disease with a “suspicious” cytology for malignancy. Furthermore, a recent randomized trial suggested that total thyroidectomy can improve quality of life and fatigue, while medical therapy did not. In this review, we overview currently available evidence in personalized medicine in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism. Further research is needed in larger population to investigate the effect of these new treatments on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “G. Martino”, I-98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Camastra S, Miccoli M, Cavallini G, Benvenga S, Antonelli A. Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:654473. [PMID: 33935970 PMCID: PMC8085526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.654473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, which is characterized by circulating TSH-receptor (TSH-R) stimulating antibodies (TSAb), leading to hyperthyroidism. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is one of GD extra-thyroidal manifestations associated with the presence of TSAb, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibodies, that interact with orbital fibroblasts. Cytokines are elevated in autoimmune (i.e., IL-18, IL-6) and non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism (i.e., TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6), and this could be associated with the chronic effects of thyroid hormone increase. A prevalent Th1-immune response (not related to the hyperthyroidism per se, but to the autoimmune process) is reported in the immune-pathogenesis of GD and GO; Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) and the (C-X-C)R3 receptor are crucial in this process. In patients with active GO, corticosteroids, or intravenous immunoglobulins, decrease inflammation and orbital congestion, and are considered first-line therapies. The more deepened understanding of GO pathophysiology has led to different immune-modulant treatments. Cytokines, TSH-R, and IGF-1R (on the surface of B and T lymphocytes, and fibroblasts), and chemokines implicated in the autoimmune process, are possible targets of novel therapies. Drugs that target cytokines (etanercept, tocilizumab, infliximab, adalimumab) have been tested in GO, with encouraging results. The chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, RTX, reduces B lymphocytes, cytokines and the released autoantibodies. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial has investigated the human monoclonal blocking antibody directed against IGF-1R, teprotumumab, reporting its effectiveness in GO. In conclusion, large, controlled and randomized studies are needed to evaluate new possible targeted therapies for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallini
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Paparo SR, Antonelli A. Thyroid autoimmune disorders and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 64:135-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Dünkelberg S, Maywald M, Schmitt AK, Schwerdtle T, Meyer S, Rink L. The Interaction of Sodium and Zinc in the Priming of T Cell Subpopulations Regarding Th17 and Treg Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900245. [PMID: 31845513 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Nutrition is a critical determinant of a functional immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which immune cells are influenced by zinc and sodium. METHODS AND RESULTS Mixed lymphocyte cultures and Jurkat cells are generated and incubated with zinc, sodium, or a combination of both for further tests. Zinc induces the number of regulatory T cells (Treg) and decreases T helper 17 cells (Th17), and sodium has the opposite effect. The transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway is also enhanced by zinc and reduced by sodium as indicated by contrary phosphoSmad 2/3 induction. Antagonistic effects can also be seen on zinc transporter and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNA expression: zinc declines Zip10 mRNA expression while sodium induces it, whereas MT-1 mRNA expression is induced by zinc while it is reduced by sodium. CONCLUSION This data indicate that zinc and sodium display opposite effects regarding Treg and Th17 induction in MLC, respectively, resulting in a contrary effect on the immune system. Additionally, it reveals a direct interaction of zinc and sodium in the priming of T cell subpopulations and shows that Zip10 and MT-1 play a significant role in those differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dünkelberg
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Kristina Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Gonnella D, Giusti C, Virili C, Centanni M, Shoenfeld Y, Ferrari SM. Graves' disease: Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101388. [PMID: 32059832 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, caused by the presence of circulating thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb), that are determinant also in the pathogenesis of its extrathyroidal manifestations [Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), pretibial myxedema]. T helper (Th)1 immune response prevails in the immune-pathogenesis of GD and GO, during the active phase, when Th1 chemokines, and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, play a key role. In GD, the existing treatments are not ideal for hyperthyroidism (long-term remission with anti-thyroid-drugs only in 50% of patients; while radioiodine and surgery cause hypothyroidism). In GD, antigen-specific therapy has been recently published, with the induction of T cell tolerance via an immunization by TSH-R peptides. In GO, rituximab and drugs targeting cytokines have been evaluated. Furthermore, teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) showed to be very effective in GO patients. Further researches are necessary to identify novel effective therapies targeting GD, or GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Debora Gonnella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Camilla Virili
- Sapienza University of Rome, 9311, Medicosurgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, C.so della Repubblica 79, Latina, 04100, Italy.
| | - Marco Centanni
- Sapienza University of Rome, 9311, Medicosurgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, C.so della Repubblica 79, Latina, 04100, Italy; ASL Latina, 217138, Endocrinology Unit, Latina, Lazio, Italy.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Camastra S, Paparo SR, Giusti C, Gonnella D, Ruffilli I, Shoenfeld Y, Antonelli A. Novel therapies for thyroid autoimmune diseases: An update. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101366. [PMID: 31813786 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A Th1 immune-preponderance has been shown in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO), in which the Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, have a crucial role. Methimazole, and corticosteroids have been shown to modulate these chemokines; several efforts have been done to modulate the autoimmune reaction with other drugs, i.e. PPAR-γ, or -α ligands, or antibodies, or small molecules directed against CXCL10, or CXCR3. Antigen-specific therapy for GD, by inducing T cell tolerance through an immunization with TSH-R peptides, has been published. Drugs targeting cytokines [anti-TNFα (Etanercept), and anti-IL-6 (Tocilizumab)], and RTX (a chimeric monoclonal antibody vs. CD20) have been used in GO, with promising results. Teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) has been investigated in a trial, showing it was very effective in GO patients. Still, more studies are needed for new therapies targeting autoimmune thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Debora Gonnella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Elia G, Paparo SR, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Giusti C, Gonnella D, Cristaudo A, Foddis R, Shoenfeld Y, Fallahi P. Graves' disease: Epidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors and viruses. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101387. [PMID: 32107168 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in developed Countries. It is more common between 30 and 60 years; 5-10 times more frequent in women. The genetic predisposition accounts for 79% of the risk for GD, while environmental factors for 21%. About 70% of genes associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) are implicated in T-cell function. Among GD endogenous factors, estrogens, X-inactivation and microchimerism are important. Among environmental risk factors, smoking, iodine excess, selenium and vitamin D deficiency, and the occupational exposure to Agent Orange have been associated with GD. Many studies showed that HCV is associated with thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism, in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis (CHC); a significant link has been shown also between HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia and risk for GD. Moreover, IFN-α-treated CHC patients develop GD more frequently. Novel studies are needed about possible risk factors to reduce the occurence of GD in West Countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Debora Gonnella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Khoury O, Atala A, Murphy SV. Stromal cells from perinatal and adult sources modulate the inflammatory immune response in vitro by decreasing Th1 cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:61-73. [PMID: 31638323 PMCID: PMC6954711 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many immune-mediated conditions are associated with a dysregulated imbalance toward a Th1 response leading to disease onset, severity, and damage. Many of the therapies such as immunomodulators or anti-TNF-α antibodies often fall short in preventing disease progression and ameliorating disease conditions. Thus, new therapies that can target inflammatory environments would have a major impact in preventing the progression of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the role of human stromal cells derived from the amniotic fluid (AFSCs), the placenta (PLSCs), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in modulating the inflammatory response of in vitro-stimulated circulating blood-derived immune cells. Immune cells were isolated from the blood of healthy individuals and stimulated in vitro with antigens to activate inflammatory responses to stimuli. AFSC, BM-MSCs, and PLSCs were cocultured with stimulated leukocytes, neutrophils, or lymphocytes. Inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil migration, enzymatic degranulation, T cell proliferation, and subsets were evaluated. Coculture of all three stromal cell types decreased the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, neutrophil elastase, and the transcription factor NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated leukocytes. With isolated phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cells coculture leads to a decrease in lymphocyte proliferation. This effect correlated with decreased numbers of Th1 lymphocytes and decreased secreted levels of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Khoury
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Caruso C, Guglielmi G, Antonelli A. Myo-inositol in autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2018; 19:349-354. [PMID: 30506520 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-018-9477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol (Myo-Ins) plays an important role in thyroid function and autoimmunity. Myo-Ins is the precursor for the synthesis of phosphoinositides, which takes part in the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) signal transduction pathway, and plays a decisive role in several cellular processes. In the thyroid cells, PtdIns is involved in the intracellular thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling, via Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) (PIP-3). Moreover, the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinases (PI3K) family of lipid kinases regulates diverse aspects of T, B, and Tregs lymphocyte behaviour. Different mouse models deficient for the molecules involved in the PIP3 pathway suggest that impairment of PIP3 signaling leads to dysregulation of immune responses and, sometimes, autoimmunity. Studies have shown that cytokines modulate Myo-Ins in thyroid cells. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that after treatment with Myo-inositol plus seleniomethionine (Myo-Ins + Se), TSH levels significantly declined in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis. The treatment was accompanied by a decline of antithyroid autoantibodies. After treatment serum CXCL10 levels declined, confirming the immune-modulatory effect of Myo-Ins. Additional research is necessary in larger population to evaluate the effect on the quality of life, and to study the mechanism of the effect on chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- U.O. Medicina Preventiva del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Kuzniewicz MW, Niki H, Walsh EM, McCulloch CE, Newman TB. Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy, and Childhood Asthma. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-0662. [PMID: 30209075 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to quantify the associations of both hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy with childhood asthma using a population-based cohort with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of infants born at ≥35 weeks' gestation in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health system (n = 109 212) from 2010 to 2014. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for a diagnosis of asthma. RESULTS In the study, 16.7% of infants had a maximum TSB level of ≥15 mg/dL, 4.5% of infants had a maximum TSB level of ≥18 mg/dL, and 11.5% of infants received phototherapy. Compared with children with a maximum TSB level of 3 to 5.9 mg/L, children with a TSB level of 9 to 11.9 mg/dL, 12 to 14.9 mg/dL, and 15 to 17.9 mg/dL were at an increased risk for asthma (HR: 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.3], HR: 1.18 [95% CI: 1.08-1.29], and HR: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.18-1.43], respectively). Children with a TSB level of ≥18 mg/dL were not at an increased risk for asthma (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.90-1.20). In propensity-adjusted analyses, phototherapy was not associated with asthma (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96-1.20). CONCLUSIONS Modest levels of hyperbilirubinemia were associated with an increased risk of asthma, but an association was not seen at higher levels. No dose-response relationship was seen. Using phototherapy to prevent infants from reaching these modest TSB levels is unlikely to be protective against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Kuzniewicz
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and .,Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Hamid Niki
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | - Eileen M Walsh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | - Charles E McCulloch
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas B Newman
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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17
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Gotoh M, Kaminuma O, Nakaya A, Katayama K, Motoi Y, Watanabe N, Saeki M, Nishimura T, Kitamura N, Yamaoka K, Okubo K, Hiroi T. Identification of biomarker sets for predicting the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy against pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. Int Immunol 2018; 29:291-300. [PMID: 28575522 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is effective against allergic rhinitis, although a substantial proportion of individuals is refractory. Herein, we describe a predictive modality to reliably identify SLIT non-responders (NRs). We conducted a 2-year clinical study in 193 adult patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis, with biweekly administration of 2000 Japanese allergy units of cedar pollen extract as the maintenance dose. After identifying high-responder (HR) patients with improved severity scores and NR patients with unchanged or exacerbated symptoms, differences in 33 HR and 34 NR patients were evaluated in terms of peripheral blood cellular profiles by flow cytometry and serum factors by ELISA and cytokine bead array, both pre- and post-SLIT. Improved clinical responses were seen in 72% of the treated patients. Pre-therapy IL-12p70 and post-therapy IgG1 serum levels were significantly different between HR and NR patients, although these parameters alone failed to distinguish NR from HR patients. However, the analysis of serum parameters in the pre-therapy samples with the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm distinguished NR patients with high probability within the training data set. Cluster analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum Th1/Th2 cytokines and other cytokines/chemokines in HR patients after SLIT. Thus, processing of pre-therapy serum parameters with AdaBoost and cluster analysis can be reliably used to develop a prediction method for HR/NR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Gotoh
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakaya
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Katayama
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuji Motoi
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Watanabe
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Saeki
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoe Nishimura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaoka
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Okubo
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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18
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Yao J, Sbihi H. Prevalence of non-food allergies among non-immigrants, long-time immigrants and recent immigrants in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2016; 107:e461-e466. [PMID: 28026714 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of allergic conditions has been increasing worldwide, with the highest rates seen in Western countries like Canada. The development of allergies is known to be related to both genetic and environmental factors, but the causal pathways remain unclear. Studies on immigrants provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these two factors and provide a better understanding of the disease aetiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between immigration status and prevalence of non-food allergies in a population-based study of Canadians. METHODS Data of 116,232 respondents from the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 3.1, 2005) were used in a multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between immigration status (non-immigrant, long-time immigrant [>10 years] and recent immigrant [≤10 years]) and self-reported doctor-diagnosed non-food allergies, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The highest prevalence of non-food allergies was found among non-immigrants (29.6%), followed by long-time immigrants (23.9%) and then recent immigrants (14.3%). The odds of non-food allergies were reduced by 60% (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.45) among recent immigrants and 25% (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.80) among long-time immigrants, compared with non-immigrants, after adjusting for sex, age, socio-economic status and rurality. CONCLUSION This study finds a distinctly lower prevalence of non-food allergies among immigrants compared with non-immigrants, with the difference diminishing with longer duration of residence in Canada. The findings highlight the potential of environmental determinants of allergy development that warrant further investigation, and demonstrate the need for multicultural strategies to manage the public health burden of allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Yao
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
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19
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Abstract
Myo-inositol and phosphatidylinositol(s) play a pivotal function in many metabolic pathways that, if impaired, impact unfavorably on human health. This review analyzes several experimental and clinical investigations regarding the involvement of this class of molecules in physiological and pathological situations, with a major focus on thyroid. Central issues are the relationship between phosphatidylinositol and thyrotropin (TSH) signaling on one hand, and phosphatydylinositol and autoimmunity on the other hand. Other issues are the consequences of malfunction of some receptors, such as those ones for TSH (TSHR), insulin (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1R), or the connection between serum TSH concentrations and insulin resistance. Also covered are insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and their allied disorders (diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]), autoimmunity and certain malignancies, with their reciprocal links. Myoinositol has promising therapeutic potential. Appreciation of the inositol pathways involved in certain disorders, as mentioned in this review, may stimulate researchers to envisage additional therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina School of Medicine, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
- Master Program of Childhood, Adolescence and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University hospital, Padiglione H, 4 piano, Policlinico G. Martino, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Khodaei H, Alizadeh M. Inhibition of IL-4 but not IFN-γ production by splenocytes of mice immunized with ovalbumin after oral administration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1202208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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21
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Bell A, Heath M, Hewings S, Skinner M. The adsorption of allergoids and 3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) to microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) in formulations for use in allergy immunotherapy. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Jedrychowski WA, Perera FP, Maugeri U, Majewska R, Mroz E, Flak E, Camann D, Sowa A, Jacek R. Long term effects of prenatal and postnatal airborne PAH exposures on ventilatory lung function of non-asthmatic preadolescent children. Prospective birth cohort study in Krakow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 502:502-9. [PMID: 25300014 PMCID: PMC4254060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the study was to test the hypothesis that prenatal and postnatal exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are associated with depressed lung function in non-asthmatic children. The study sample comprises 195 non-asthmatic children of non-smoking mothers, among whom the prenatal PAH exposure was assessed by personal air monitoring in pregnancy. At the age of 3, residential air monitoring was carried out to evaluate the residential PAH exposure indoors and outdoors. At the age of 5 to 8, children were given allergic skin tests for indoor allergens; and between 5 and 9 years lung function testing (FVC, FEV05, FEV1 and FEF25-75) was performed. The effects of prenatal PAH exposure on lung function tests repeated over the follow-up were adjusted in the General Estimated Equation (GEE) model for the relevant covariates. No association between FVC with prenatal PAH exposure was found; however for the FEV1 deficit associated with higher prenatal PAH exposure (above 37 ng/m(3)) amounted to 53 mL (p=0.050) and the deficit of FEF25-75 reached 164 mL (p=0.013). The corresponding deficits related to postnatal residential indoor PAH level (above 42 ng/m(3)) were 59 mL of FEV1 (p=0.028) and 140 mL of FEF25-75 (p=0.031). At the higher residential outdoor PAH level (above 90 ng/m(3)) slightly greater deficit of FEV1 (71 mL, p=0.009) was observed. The results of the study suggest that transplacental exposure to PAH compromises the normal developmental process of respiratory airways and that this effect is compounded by postnatal PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw A Jedrychowski
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Umberto Maugeri
- Institute for Studies in Clinical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renata Majewska
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Mroz
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Flak
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - David Camann
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Agata Sowa
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Jacek
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Di Domenicantonio A, Fallahi P. Autoimmune thyroid disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 14:174-80. [PMID: 25461470 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) result from a dysregulation of the immune system leading to an immune attack on the thyroid. AITD are T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorders. The prevalence of AITD is estimated to be 5%; however, the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies may be even higher. The AITD comprise two main clinical presentations: Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), both characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid parenchyma. The clinical hallmarks of GD and HT are thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, respectively. The mechanisms that trigger the autoimmune attack to the thyroid are still under investigation. Epidemiological data suggest an interaction among genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers as the key factor leading to the breakdown of tolerance and the development of disease. Recent studies have shown the importance of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of AT and GD. In thyroid tissue, recruited T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes may be responsible for enhanced IFN-γ and TNF-α production, which in turn stimulates CXCL10 (the prototype of the IFN-γ-inducible Th1 chemokines) secretion from the thyroid cells, therefore creating an amplification feedback loop, initiating and perpetuating the autoimmune process. Associations exist between AITD and other organ specific (polyglandular autoimmune syndromes), or systemic autoimmune disorders (Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, cryoglobulinemia, sarcoidosis, psoriatic arthritis). Moreover, several studies have shown an association of AITD and papillary thyroid cancer. These data suggest that AITD patients should be accurately monitored for thyroid dysfunctions, the appearance of thyroid nodules, and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Savi 10, I-56126 Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Savi 10, I-56126 Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Savi 10, I-56126 Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Domenicantonio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Savi 10, I-56126 Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Savi 10, I-56126 Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy
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Ohtsuka T. Different effect of oral cyclosporine therapy and oral antihistamine therapy on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine level in atopic dermatitis in older children and adulthood. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:648-55. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ohtsuka
- Department of Dermatology; International University of Health and Welfare Hospital; Nasushiobara Tochigi Japan
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25
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Polarized immune responses modulated by layered double hydroxides nanoparticle conjugated with CpG. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9508-16. [PMID: 25145853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the immune response is an important step in the induction of protective humoral and cellular immunity against pathogens. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using a nanomaterial conjugated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand CpG to modulate the immune response towards the preferred polarity. MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterial has a very similar chemical composition to Alum, an FDA approved adjuvant for human vaccination. We used a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) to demonstrate that MgAl-LDH had comparable adjuvant activity to Alum, but much weaker inflammation. Conjugation of TLR9 ligand CpG to LDH nanoparticles significantly enhanced the antibody response and promoted a switch from Th2 toward Th1 response, demonstrated by a change in the IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. Moreover, immunization of mice with CpG-OVA-conjugated LDH before challenge with OVA-expressing B16/F10 tumor cells retarded tumor growth. Together, these data indicate that LDH nanomaterial can be used as an immune adjuvant to promote Th1 or Th2 dominant immune responses suitable for vaccination purposes.
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26
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Cho SH, Oh SY, Lane AP, Lee J, Oh MH, Lee S, Zheng T, Zhu Z. Regulation of nasal airway homeostasis and inflammation in mice by SHP-1 and Th2/Th1 signaling pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103685. [PMID: 25090641 PMCID: PMC4121172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease orchestrated by Th2 lymphocytes. Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1 is known to be a negative regulator in the IL-4α/STAT-6 signaling pathway of the lung. However, the role of SHP-1 enzyme and its functional relationship with Th2 and Th1 cytokines are not known in the nasal airway. In this study, we aimed to study the nasal inflammation as a result of SHP-1 deficiency in viable motheaten (mev) mice and to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. Cytology, histology, and expression of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed to define the nature of the nasal inflammation. Targeted gene depletion of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines was used to identify the critical pathways involved. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were studied to demonstrate the clearance mechanism of recruited inflammatory cells into the nasal airway. We showed here that mev mice had a spontaneous allergic rhinitis-like inflammation with eosinophilia, mucus metaplasia, up-regulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), chemokines (eotaxin), and MMPs. All of these inflammatory mediators were clearly counter-regulated by Th2 and Th1 cytokines. Deletion of IFN-γ gene induced a strong Th2-skewed inflammation with transepithelial migration of the inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that SHP-1 enzyme and Th2/Th1 paradigm may play a critical role in the maintenance of nasal immune homeostasis and in the regulation of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Oh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Min-Hee Oh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seakwoo Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tao Zheng
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Jensen-Jarolim E. Happy 25th birthday, Bet v 1! World Allergy Organ J 2014; 7:14. [PMID: 24982698 PMCID: PMC4068080 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Waehringer G. 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria ; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Waehringer G. 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Akupunktur gegen allergische Rhinitis. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cotterchio M, Lowcock E, Hudson TJ, Greenwood C, Gallinger S. Association between allergies and risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:469-80. [PMID: 24554712 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 10% of pancreatic cancer cases survive 5 years, yet its etiology is not well understood. Studies suggest allergies are associated with reduced pancreatic cancer risk. Our study collected additional information on allergies (including skin prick test results and differentiation of allergic/nonallergic asthma), and is the first to assess possible confounding by allergy medications. METHODS A population-based case-control study was designed to comprehensively assess the association between allergy and pancreatic cancer risk. Pancreas cancer cases were diagnosed during 2011 to 2012, and identified through the Ontario Cancer Registry (345 cases). Population-based controls were identified using random digit dialing and age/sex frequency matched to cases (1,285 controls). Questionnaires collected lifetime allergy history (type of allergy, age at onset, skin prick testing results), allergy medications, and established pancreas cancer risk factors. Logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios and test potential confounders, including allergy medications. RESULTS Hay fever was associated with a significant reduction in pancreatic cancer risk [AOR = 0.68; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.52-0.89], and reduction was greatest for those whose skin prick test was positive for hay fever allergens. No particular patterns were observed as regards age at onset and duration of allergy. Positive dust/mold allergy skin prick test and animal allergies were associated with a statistically significant reduced pancreatic cancer risk; AOR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.78 and AOR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.46-0.99, respectively. Asthma was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS/IMPACT These findings support the growing body of evidence that suggests certain allergies are associated with reduced pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cotterchio
- Authors' Affiliations: Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital; and Division of General Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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30
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Acupuncture in allergic rhinitis: A Mini-Review. ALLERGO JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 2014; 23:115-119. [PMID: 26120523 PMCID: PMC4479426 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture is a therapy method known for millennia with apparently polygenetic roots. It is traditionally practiced in East Asian countries. During the recent fifty years, it has found wide applications in Europe as well. Today acupuncture is one of the most important parts of modern complementary medicine. Questions concerning the mechanism of action and efficacy of acupuncture, among others in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, still lead to many scientific discussions. This review summarizes the modern understanding of possible mechanisms of acupuncture as well as it presents the current state of clinical studies relating to the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Further investigations are necessary to confirm acupuncture as an effective therapy of allergic rhinitis.
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31
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Wang L, Qian J, Lu Y, Li H, Bao H, He D, Liu Z, Zheng Y, He J, Li Y, Neelapu S, Yang J, Kwak LW, Yi Q, Cai Z. Immune evasion of mantle cell lymphoma: expression of B7-H1 leads to inhibited T-cell response to and killing of tumor cells. Haematologica 2013; 98:1458-66. [PMID: 23508008 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of immunotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma have not yet delivered desirable results, partly because of the inhibitory machinery of the tumor and its microenvironment. Here we investigated the role of B7-H1, a member of the B7 family of co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory ligands, in mantle cell lymphoma-mediated immunosuppression. Allogeneic CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were purified and co-cultured with irradiated mantle cell lymphoma cells. Mantle cell lymphoma-reactive T-cell lines from HLA-A*0201(+) healthy blood donors were generated after in vitro restimulation, and were subjected to functional tests. We found that B7-H1 expressed on mantle cell lymphoma cells was able to inhibit T-cell proliferation induced by the tumor cells, impair the generation of antigen-specific T-cell responses, and render mantle cell lymphoma cells resistant to T-cell-mediated cytolysis. Blocking or knocking down B7-H1 on mantle cell lymphoma cells enhanced T-cell responses and restored tumor-cell sensitivity to T-cell-mediated killing in vitro and in vivo. Knocking down B7-H1 on mantle cell lymphoma cells primed more CD4(+) or CD8(+) memory effector T cells. Our study demonstrates for the first time that lymphoma cell-expressed B7-H1 may lead to the suppression of host anti-tumor immune responses in mantle cell lymphoma and targeting tumor cell B7-H1 may represent a novel approach to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with mantle cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lombardi C, Passalaqua G, Canonica GW. "United airways disease" and phenotypic peculiarities of respiratory allergy in immigrants. World Allergy Organ J 2013; 2:13-6. [PMID: 23282932 PMCID: PMC3652591 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-2-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is the result of a complex interaction between genetic background and environmental factors, including exposure to allergens and lifestyle. Migration is a process that involves many radical changes in the environment, including diet, pollutants, allergens, different housing conditions, and patterns of infections. Thus, studies in immigrants may provide important information about the role of environmental factors in the development of allergic respiratory diseases. Several studies addressed this aspect and consistently found that migrants develop allergies at different rates from the local population, and very often the symptoms appear with a delay of 3 to 5 years after migration. More recent data showed that the severity of allergic diseases is greater in migrants, and that usually the onset is with associated asthma and rhinitis. The immigration model strongly suggests that environmental factors overcome the genetic background, and that the clinical phenotype of respiratory allergy in migrants has some peculiarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lombardi
- From the Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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33
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Suppression of dendritic cell activation by diabetes autoantigens linked to the cholera toxin B subunit. Immunobiology 2010; 216:447-56. [PMID: 20956025 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells, specifically dendritic cells (DCs) are a focal point in the delicate balance between T cell tolerance and immune responses contributing to the onset of type I diabetes (T1D). Weak adjuvant proteins like the cholera toxin B subunit when linked to autoantigens may sufficiently alter the balance of this initial immune response to suppress the development of autoimmunity. To assess adjuvant enhancement of autoantigen mediated immune suppression of Type 1 diabetes, we examined the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)-proinsulin fusion protein (CTB-INS) activation of immature dendritic cells (iDC) at the earliest detectable stage of the human immune response. In this study, Incubation of human umbilical cord blood monocyte-derived immature DCs with CTB-INS autoantigen fusion protein increased the surface membrane expression of DC Toll-like receptor (TLR-2) while no significant upregulation in TLR-4 expression was detected. Inoculation of iDCs with CTB stimulated the biosynthesis of both CD86 and CD83 co-stimulatory factors demonstrating an immunostimulatory role for CTB in both DC activation and maturation. In contrast, incubation of iDCs with proinsulin partially suppressed CD86 co-stimulatory factor mediated DC activation, while incubation of iDCs with CTB-INS fusion protein completely suppressed iDC biosynthesis of both CD86 and CD83 costimulatory factors. The incubation of iDCs with increasing amounts of insulin did not increase the level of immune suppression but rather activated DC maturation by stimulating increased biosynthesis of both CD86 and CD83 costimulatory factors. Inoculation of iDCs with CTB-INS fusion protein dramatically increased secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and suppressed synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL12/23 p40 subunit protein suggesting that linkage of CTB to insulin (INS) may play an important role in mediating DC guidance of cognate naïve Th0 cell development into immunosuppressive T lymphocytes. Taken together, the experimental data suggests Toll like receptor 2 (TLR-2) plays a dominant role in CTB mediated INS inhibition of DC induced type 1 diabetes onset in human Type 1 diabetes autoimmunity. Further, fusion of CTB to the autoantigen was found to be essential for enhancement of immune suppression as co-delivery of CTB and insulin did not significantly inhibit DC costimulatory factor biosynthesis. The experimental data presented supports the hypotheses that adjuvant enhancement of autoantigen mediated suppression of islet beta cell inflammation is dependent on CTB stimulation of dendritic cell TLR2 receptor activation and co-processing of both CTB and the autoantigen in the same dendritic cell.
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Woodfolk JA. Epitope-specific T-cell responses and allergic phenotypes: implications for T-cell peptide therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 2:309-18. [PMID: 20477080 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the 1990s, elucidation of the primary amino acid sequence of several major allergens using molecular cloning techniques opened the door to T-cell epitope mapping studies. Such analyses underscored the complexity of the allergen-specific T-cell repertoire and the challenges to using allergen-derived peptides to identify epitope-specific differences associated with allergic and nonallergic responses. This review highlights important factors that may influence the nature of epitope-specific T-cell responses observed in vitro. These include the properties of the allergen, genetics of the host and selection of patients with defined allergic phenotypes based on serum antibody profiles and skin test reactivity. By taking these factors into account, T-cell epitope-specific differences associated with distinct allergic phenotypes can be identified. Observations at the T-cell epitope level undermine the Th1/Th2 paradigm as a model for the development of allergic versus nonallergic responses. Instead, they support the mounting data that point to a network of interactions between T helper cells and regulatory T cells, which controls the allergic response. The ability of peptides that localize to polypeptide chain 2 of the major cat allergen, Fel d 1, to preferentially induce interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma is discussed. Mechanisms whereby specific allergen-derived peptides may modify the T-cell repertoire and influence the immune outcome are also outlined. Further investigation of allergen-derived T-cell epitopes is warranted in order to optimize the design of peptide vaccines for the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Woodfolk
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA.
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35
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van der Aa LB, Heymans HSA, van Aalderen WMC, Sprikkelman AB. Probiotics and prebiotics in atopic dermatitis: review of the theoretical background and clinical evidence. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21:e355-67. [PMID: 19573143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has risen over the past decades, especially in western societies. According to the revised hygiene hypothesis this increase is caused by a changed intestinal colonization pattern during infancy, which has an impact on the immune system. Manipulating the intestinal microflora with pro-, pre- or synbiotics is an innovative way to prevent or treat AD. This review provides an overview of the theoretical basis for using probiotics and prebiotics in AD and presents the current evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding prevention and treatment of AD and food allergy in children with pro-, pre- and synbiotics. Seven RCTs on prevention and 12 RCTs on treatment were found by searching the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Results of these trials are conflicting. In conclusion, at this moment there is not enough evidence to support the use of pro-, pre- or synbiotics for prevention or treatment of AD in children in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontien B van der Aa
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Zuckerman JD, Lee WY, DelGaudio JM, Moore CE, Nava P, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Pathophysiology of nasal polyposis: the role of desmosomal junctions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2008; 22:589-97. [PMID: 19178795 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many mucosal inflammatory conditions are associated with alterations in epithelial intercellular junctions and barrier function; however, little is known about the role of intercellular junctions in inflammatory diseases of the upper airways. In this study, we examined nasal polyps for altered intercellular junctions and protein expression. METHODS Biopsy specimens of nasal polyps and normal tissue were obtained intraoperatively from 11 patients and 6 controls. Tissue was analyzed for expression of intercellular junctional proteins by immunofluorescence. In parallel, cultured human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interferon (IFN) gamma, and IL-13 to simulate inflammatory conditions followed by assessment for changes in junctional proteins by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS Of the intercellular junctional proteins analyzed, including proteins comprising tight and adherens junctions, the only alterations observed were in desmosomal proteins in nasal polyp epithelium compared with normal controls. Specifically, expression of desmosomal proteins DSG2 and DSG3 were significantly decreased in polyps versus controls (0.53 pixel/microm2 versus 1.09 pixel/microm2 [p = 0.009], and 0.29 pixel/microm2 versus 1.11 pixel/microm2 [p = 0.0078], respectively). In vitro experiments involving exposure of cultured HBE cells with inflammatory cytokines revealed that TNF-alpha treatment resulted in internalization and decreased expression of DSG2 by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Treatment with IFN-gamma resulted in increased expression of DSG2 and evidence of protein cleavage by Western blot. IL-13 exposure resulted in down-regulation of DSG2 expression and evidence of protein cleavage. CONCLUSION These results indicate that nasal polyps express decreased levels of DSG2 and DSG3 components of desmosomal junctions. This is likely linked to the mucosal inflammatory response. Exposure of a respiratory cell line to Th1/Th2 cytokines results in similar expressional alterations in DSG2, suggesting protein internalization and cleavage. We speculate that weakened desmosomal junctions in nasal mucosa secondary to inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the formation of nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Zuckerman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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37
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Spinozzi F, de Benedictis D, de Benedictis FM. Apoptosis, airway inflammation and anti-asthma therapy: from immunobiology to clinical application. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19:287-95. [PMID: 18179617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocyte apoptosis is essential for maintaining immune system homeostasis. Experimental evidence suggests apoptosis control mechanisms may be impaired in inflammatory conditions, particularly airway Th2-type allergic diseases. This review briefly examines the mucosal immune system homeostasis and common apoptotic pathways and discusses impaired apoptosis, allergy, airway inflammation, remodelling and fibrosis. Finally, the paper presents an update on pharmacological targeting of apoptosis to control airway inflammation in patients with allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Spinozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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38
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Marschan E, Honkanen J, Kukkonen K, Kuitunen M, Savilahti E, Vaarala O. Increased activation of GATA-3, IL-2 and IL-5 of cord blood mononuclear cells in infants with IgE sensitization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19:132-9. [PMID: 17651376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Risk of allergic diseases has been linked to abnormal patterns of fetal immune development, suggesting that priming of the immune system may occur in utero. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the pattern of immune response in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) shows association with allergic diseases and IgE sensitization at 2 yr of age, and to study the effect of maternal probiotic supplementation on CBMC immune responses. CBMC were isolated from 98 neonates in a randomized double-blinded intervention study. CBMC were stimulated with beta-lactoglobulin, and phytohemaglutinin (PHA). Secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and IL-13 was measured by an ELISA; IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 by a cytokine bead assay. T-cell polarization-associated IL-4 receptor and IL-12R expressions, and the respective transcription factors GATA-3 and T-bet were analyzed with RT-PCR. The above responses were compared with the development of allergic diseases and IgE sensitization at 2 yr of age, and with the maternal probiotic or placebo supplementation. PHA-stimulated GATA-3 expression and IL-2 secretion in CBMC were higher in IgE-sensitized children at an age of 2 yr than in the non-sensitized, non-allergic children (p = 0.03 and 0.026). PHA-induced expression of GATA-3 correlated with IL-5 (p = 0.003, r = 0.300) and IL-13 (p = 0.007, r = 0.278) secretion of CBMC, and IL-5 secretion of beta-lactoglobulin-stimulated CBMC was higher in IgE-sensitized children at 2 yr of age than in the non-sensitized, non-allergic children (p = 0.013). Probiotic bacteria had no effect on CBMC immune responses. In CBMC-enhanced induction of GATA-3, which activates several Th2 cytokines genes, was a risk factor for IgE sensitization. The immune deviation towards Th2-type immunity developed already in utero and seemed to modulate the pattern of immune response favoring an IgE response to environmental antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Marschan
- The Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Harding NJ, Birch JM, Hepworth SJ, McKinney PA. Atopic dysfunction and risk of central nervous system tumours in children. Eur J Cancer 2007; 44:92-9. [PMID: 18042376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) tumours in children remain largely unknown. Evidence of an inverse relationship between atopy and tumour development exists in adults but little is known about childhood tumours. This study aims to examine the risk of childhood CNS tumours given a history of eczema and asthma. Cases of children diagnosed with CNS tumours (n=575) and controls (n=6292) from the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) were analysed using conditional logistic regression comparing reported histories of allergic disease. Asthma was statistically significantly and negatively associated with all CNS tumours (odds ratios, OR 0.75, confidence of interval, CI(95%): 0.58-0.97), though this was not observed for eczema (OR 0.94, CI(95%): 0.74-1.18). Individuals who had suffered both asthma and eczema showed the most significant reduction in risk (OR 0.48, CI(95%): 0.28-0.81). Analysis by tumour subtype showed the strongest effect for the medulloblastoma/PNET group. These results may have a biological explanation with raised immunosurveillance in atopic individuals protecting against the development of brain tumours. Alternative explanations might include bias, reverse causality or confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Harding
- Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, UK
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40
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Liem JJ, Huq SI, Ekuma O, Becker AB, Kozyrskyj AL. Transient tachypnea of the newborn may be an early clinical manifestation of wheezing symptoms. J Pediatr 2007; 151:29-33. [PMID: 17586187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and whether TTN is associated with development of wheezing syndromes in early life. STUDY DESIGN The Population Health Research Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy is a healthcare administrative and prescription database. Data for children diagnosed with a wheezing syndrome (defined as bronchiolitis, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, or prescription for asthma medication) were obtained. Term children diagnosed with TTN at birth were selected. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for time to first event of hospitalizations, physician visits, or prescription for an asthma medication up to 7 years of age were calculated. The hazard ratios for wheezing in a child with TTN were compared with healthy newborns. RESULTS Twelve thousand seven hundred sixty-three children were born at term in 1995 and currently live in the province of Manitoba. Of these children, 308 (2.4%) developed TTN. Maternal asthma, birth weight > or = 4500 g, male sex, and urban location were risk factors for development of TTN. Infants with TTN at birth were at significantly increased risk of a wheezing disorder in childhood (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.34). CONCLUSION TTN is associated with development of wheezing syndromes in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Liem
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Qian J, Xie J, Hong S, Yang J, Zhang L, Han X, Wang M, Zhan F, Shaughnessy JD, Epstein J, Kwak LW, Yi Q. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a widely expressed and potent tumor-associated antigen in multiple myeloma. Blood 2007; 110:1587-94. [PMID: 17515399 PMCID: PMC1975842 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-082529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel tumor-associated antigens, especially those shared among patients, is urgently needed to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we examined whether Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a protein that is not expressed in most normal tissues but is expressed by tumor cells from almost all patients with myeloma, could be a good candidate. We identified and synthesized DKK1 peptides for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201 and confirmed their immunogenicity by in vivo immunization in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. We detected, using peptidetetramers, low frequencies of DKK1 peptide-specific CD8-positive (CD8(+)) T cells in patients with myeloma and generated peptide-specific T-cell lines and clones from HLA-A*0201-positive (HLA-A*0201(+)) blood donors and patients with myeloma. These T cells efficiently lysed peptide-pulsed but not unpulsed T2 or autologous dendritic cells, DKK1-positive (DKK1(+))/HLA-A*0201(+) myeloma cell lines U266 and IM-9, and, more importantly, HLA-A*0201(+) primary myeloma cells from patients. No killing was observed on DKK1(+)/HLA-A*0201-negative (HLA-A*0201(-)) myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells or HLA-A*0201(+) normal lymphocytes, including B cells. These results indicate that these T cells were potent cytotoxic T cells and recognized DKK1 peptides naturally presented by myeloma cells in the context of HLA-A*0201 molecules. Hence, our study identifies DKK1 as a potentially important antigen for immunotherapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Qian
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, and the Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Stockert K, Schneider B, Porenta G, Rath R, Nissel H, Eichler I. Laser acupuncture and probiotics in school age children with asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of therapy guided by principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18:160-6. [PMID: 17338790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) postulates an interaction between the lung as a Yin-organ and the large intestine as a Yang-organ. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate in asthmatic school age children whether treatment with laser acupuncture and probiotics according to TCM portends a clinical benefit to standard medical treatment performed according to pediatric guidelines. Seventeen children aged 6-12 yr with intermittent or mild persistent asthma were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study. Eight patients received laser acupuncture for 10 wk and probiotic treatment in the form of oral drops (living non-pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis) for 7 wk. Nine patients in the control group were treated with a laser pen which did not emit laser light and were given placebo drops. Peak flow variability (PFV) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) were measured and Quality of Life was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. Laser acupuncture and probiotics significantly decreased mean (standard deviation) weekly PFV as a measurement of bronchial hyperreactivity by -17.4% (14.2) in the TCM group vs. 2.2% (22.5) in the control group (p = 0.034). No significant effect was detected for FEV(1), Quality of Life criteria and additional medication. As an exploratory result, patients in the TCM group had fewer days of acute febrile infections when compared with the control group [1.14 (1.4) vs. 2.66 (2.5), p = 0.18]. In conclusion, this pilot study generates the hypothesis that the interactive treatment of lung and large intestine according to TCM by laser acupuncture and probiotics has a beneficial clinical effect on bronchial hyperreactivity in school age children with intermittent or mild persistent asthma and might be helpful in the prevention of acute respiratory exacerbations. These results should be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Stockert
- Austrian Society for Acupuncture, Huglgasse 1-3, Vienna, Austria.
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Kozutsumi D, Tsunematsu M, Yamaji T, Murakami R, Yokoyama M, Kino K. Cry-consensus peptide, a novel peptide for immunotherapy of Japanese cedar pollinosis, induces Th1-predominant response in Cry j 1-sensitized B10.S mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 29:2506-9. [PMID: 17142991 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cry-consensus peptide (CCP) is a newly designed peptide for peptide-based immunotherapy of Japanese cedar pollinosis but its mechanism of efficacy is unknown. We investigated the effect of CCP on Cry j 1-specific Th1/Th2 response in a mice model. Subcutaneous injection of CCP decreased Cry j 1-specific IgE and IgG1 in blood slightly, but the IgG2a level was increased significantly in a dose dependent manner. Splenocytes from these mice were stimulated with Cry j 1 in vitro. This inhibited IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 secretion significantly, but IFN-gamma secretion was increased. In vitro CCP stimulation of splenocytes from Cry j 1-sensitized mice induced more marked Th1-predominancy of cytokine production than native allergen stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that one of the mechanisms of CCP is dependent on the modulation of the antigen-specific Th1/Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kozutsumi
- Research and Development Section, Pharmaceuticals Development Department, Meiji Dairies Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Vuitton DA, Dalphin JC. Hygiène et allergie : les micro-organismes des fermes sont-ils protecteurs ? J Mycol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Di Lorenzo G, Pacor ML, Mansueto P, Esposito-Pellitteri M, Scichilone N, Ditta V, Lo Bianco C, Leto-Barone MS, Di Fede G, Corrocher R, Mansueto S, Rini GB. Relationship between specific serum IgE to Ascaris lumbricoides and onset of respiratory symptoms in Bangladesh immigrants. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:629-38. [PMID: 17026848 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of helminths in asthma and/or rhinitis and in allergic sensitization is still unclear. We assessed the relationship between Ascaris-specific IgE, respiratory symptoms and allergic sensitization in Bangladesh immigrants. 246 individuals were examined from 1996 to 2001. Serum total IgE, Ascaris IgE, specific IgE to inhalant allergens, skin prick tests (SPT) and parasitological evaluation of the stool were performed. Total serum IgE were significantly higher in Ascaris-IgE positive (> 0.35 kU/L) individuals (806.5 [409.0-1436.0] kU/L vs. 207.0 [127.0-332.5] kU/L; P < 0.0001) and in subjects with respiratory symptoms (413.0 [239.0-1096.0] kU/L vs. 259.5 [147.0-387.0] kU/L), (P < 0.0001), but not in SPT positive subjects (413.0 [179.0-894.0] kU/L vs. 404.6 [305.0-1201.0] kU/L (P = 0.5). Ascaris-specific IgE were detected in 48 subjects with respiratory symptoms (40.0%) and in 46 subjects without respiratory symptoms (36.5%) (P = 0.5). The SPT positivity was similar between Ascaris-IgE seropositive (38.2%) and Ascaris-IgE seronegative (38.1%) subjects (P = 0.9). Total IgE and length of stay in Italy correlated with SPT positivity (OR 5.6 [CI 95% 1.5-19.8], P = 0.007, and OR 1.5 [CI 95% 1.3-1.7], P< 0.0001), and with respiratory symptoms (OR 13.7 [CI 95% 3.0-62.4];, P = 0.0007, and OR 2.4 [CI 95% 1.9-3.0], P < 0.0001). Ascaris-IgE were negatively associated with SPT positivity (OR 0.3 [CI 95% 0.1-0.8], P = 0.02) and with respiratory symptoms (OR 0.1 [CI 95% 0.04-0.7], P = 0.01). Our findings favour the role of environmental factors in the development of respiratory symptoms in immigrants, irrespective of Ascaris-IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e delle Patologie Emergenti, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy.
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Qian J, Wang S, Yang J, Xie J, Lin P, Freeman ME, Yi Q. Targeting heat shock proteins for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: generation of myeloma-specific CTLs using dendritic cells pulsed with tumor-derived gp96. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:8808-15. [PMID: 16361569 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop effective immunotherapies for patients with multiple myeloma, it is important to use novel tumor antigens. Recent studies in solid tumors show that tumor-derived heat shock proteins (Hsp) can be used as immunogen; however, no such study has yet been reported in multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined whether myeloma-derived Hsp gp96 can be used as a myeloma antigen. Specific CTL lines were obtained after repeatedly stimulating T cells with autologous, HLA-A*0201+ dendritic cells pulsed with gp96 derived from HLA-A*0201+ human myeloma cell line (HMCL) U266 or primary myeloma cells. RESULTS These T cells lysed not only gp96-pulsed dendritic cells, U266, and other HLA-A*0201+ HMCLs IM-9 and XG1 but also effectively killed HLA-A*0201+ primary myeloma cells from patients. No killing was observed against unpulsed dendritic cells, dendritic cells pulsed with control gp96, HLA-A*0201- HMCLs, and primary myeloma cells, or HLA-A*0201+ nonmyeloma cells. Cytotoxicity was mainly MHC class I/HLA-A*0201 restricted, suggesting that the CTLs recognized gp96-chaperoned peptides on HLA-A*0201 that were derived from shared myeloma antigens and that myeloma cells naturally present these peptides in the context of their surface MHC molecules. Upon antigen stimulation, these T cells secreted IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, indicating that they belong to type 1 T-cell subsets. CONCLUSION These results show that these T cells are potent CTLs that are able to effectively lyse myeloma cells but not normal blood cells and also suggest that Hsps from allogeneic tumor cells may be used as vaccines to immunize patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Qian
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, Arkansas Cancer Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Gouwy M, Struyf S, Proost P, Van Damme J. Synergy in cytokine and chemokine networks amplifies the inflammatory response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16:561-80. [PMID: 16023396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a highly co-ordinated process involving multiple factors acting in a complex network as stimulators or inhibitors. Upon infection, the sequential release of exogenous agents (e.g. bacterial and viral products) and induction of endogenous mediators (e.g. cytokines and chemokines) contribute to the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the inflamed tissue. Microbial products trigger multiple cell types to release cytokines, which in turn are potent inducers of chemokines. Primary cytokines act as endogenous activators of the immune response, whereas inducible chemokines act as secondary mediators to attract leukocytes. Interaction between exogenous and endogenous mediators thus enhances the inflammatory response. In this review, the synergistic interaction between cytokines to induce chemokine production and the molecular mechanisms of the cooperation amongst co-induced chemokines to further increase leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
The development of the intestinal immune system is a complex sequence of events that begins in utero under various genetic influences, but continues after birth, being modified by factors such as bacteria, hormones and feeds. This review discusses what is known about the ontogeny of each aspect of the mucosal immune system so as to provide a better understanding of how aberrations in the system might lead to systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Teitelbaum
- Drexel University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
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McKune AJ, Smith LL, Semple SJ, Wadee AA. Influence of ultra-endurance exercise on immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:665-70. [PMID: 16118307 PMCID: PMC1725321 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.017194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strenuous exercise is associated with tissue damage. This activates the innate immune system and local inflammation. Interaction between innate and adaptive immunity is essential for maintaining health, suggesting that the adaptive immune system may also be altered by exercise. OBJECTIVES To determine exercise induced changes in the adaptive immune system by measuring the immunoglobulin isotype and subclass response to an ultra-marathon. METHODS Venepuncture was performed on 11 experienced volunteers (six men, five women; mean (SD) age 43 (9.8) years) 24 hours before the projected finishing time and immediately after and 3, 24, and 72 hours after an ultra-marathon (90 km). Serum was stored at -80 degrees C. IgM, IgD, IgA, IgG, IgG1, 2, 3, and 4, and total IgE were measured. RESULTS The following immunoglobulins were significantly (p< or =0.05) altered after the race: IgD, immediately (-51%) and 24 hours (-41%) after; IgM 24 hours after (-23%); total IgG immediately after (+12%). There were no reports of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections after the ultra-marathon. CONCLUSIONS In experienced ultra-endurance runners, alterations in immunoglobulin concentrations after a race suggest an enhanced immune response, including isotype switching, interactions with the innate immune system, and a secondary antibody response. These alterations may have a role in the maintenance of subject health after an ultra-marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J McKune
- Department of Sport and Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Abstract
Food allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction to normally harmless substances and involves humoral immune responses, mediated by immunoglobulin (IgE) synthesized by B lymphocytes, and cellular immune responses mediated by T lymphocytes. An IgE-mediated mechanism leads to clinical symptoms occurring immediately after food ingestion, e. g., "the oral allergy syndrome". For delayed reactions involving the gastrointestinal tract or the skin, the underlying immune mechanisms are less clear. In order to elucidate the cellular response to food allergens, human allergen-specific T cell cultures generated in vitro represent helpful tools. The majority of food allergen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes isolated from food-allergic individuals was found to synthesize high levels of IL-4 and IL-13, two cytokines required for initiation of IgE synthesis. Due to selective homing profiles, food-specific T cells seem also to be involved in defining the target organ of the allergic inflammation. Recent data provide evidence that in addition to IgE-mediated inflammation, food allergen-specific T lymphocytes may also cause inflammatory responses independently of IgE-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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