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Wipperman MF, Gayvert KM, Atanasio A, Wang CQ, Corren J, Covarrubias A, Setliff I, Chio E, Laws E, Wolfe K, Harel S, Maloney J, Herman G, Orengo JM, Lim WK, Hamon SC, Hamilton JD, O'Brien MP. Differential modulation of allergic rhinitis nasal transcriptome by dupilumab and allergy immunotherapy. Allergy 2024; 79:894-907. [PMID: 38279910 DOI: 10.1111/all.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal epithelial cells are important regulators of barrier function and immune signaling; however, in allergic rhinitis (AR) these functions can be disrupted by inflammatory mediators. We aimed to better discern AR disease mechanisms using transcriptome data from nasal brushing samples from individuals with and without AR. METHODS Data were drawn from a feasibility study of individuals with and without AR to Timothy grass and from a clinical trial evaluating 16 weeks of treatment with the following: dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds interleukin (IL)-4Rα and inhibits type 2 inflammation by blocking signaling of both IL-4/IL-13; subcutaneous immunotherapy with Timothy grass (SCIT), which inhibits allergic responses through pleiotropic effects; SCIT + dupilumab; or placebo. Using nasal brushing samples from these studies, we defined distinct gene signatures in nasal tissue of AR disease and after nasal allergen challenge (NAC) and assessed how these signatures were modulated by study drug(s). RESULTS Treatment with dupilumab (normalized enrichment score [NES] = -1.73, p = .002) or SCIT + dupilumab (NES = -2.55, p < .001), but not SCIT alone (NES = +1.16, p = .107), significantly repressed the AR disease signature. Dupilumab (NES = -2.55, p < .001), SCIT (NES = -2.99, p < .001), and SCIT + dupilumab (NES = -3.15, p < .001) all repressed the NAC gene signature. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate type 2 inflammation is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of AR disease and that inhibition of the type 2 pathway with dupilumab may normalize nasal tissue gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire Q Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Corren
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angelica Covarrubias
- Clinical Research Division, Jonathan Corren, MD. Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ian Setliff
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Erica Chio
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Sivan Harel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Gary Herman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Sara C Hamon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
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Mao ZD, Liu ZG, Qian Y, Shi YJ, Zhou LZ, Zhang Q, Qi CJ. RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis to Reveal Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6211-6225. [PMID: 38145010 PMCID: PMC10748568 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s438758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concurrent clinical or subclinical allergic symptom of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This study is the first to explore the expression profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in CARAS using RNA sequencing, which may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying CARAS. Material and Methods Whole blood samples from nine participants (three CARAS patients, three AR patients, and three normal control participants) were subjected to perform RNA sequencing, followed by identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Then, lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were constructed, followed by functional analysis, immune infiltration analysis, drug prediction, and expression validation with RT-qPCR and ELISA. Results The results showed that 61 DEmRNAs, 23 DElncRNAs and 3 DEcircRNAs may be related to the occurrence and development of CARAS. KRT8 may be implicated in the development of AR into CARAS. Three immunity-related mRNAs (IDO1, CYSLTR2, and TEC) and two hypoxia-related mRNAs (TKTL1 and VLDLR) were associated with the occurrence and development of CARAS. TEC may be considered a drug target for Dasatinib in treating CARAS. Several lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were identified in CARAS, including LINC00452/MIR4280HG/hsa_circ_0007272/hsa_circ_0070934-CLC, HEATR6-DT/LINC00639/LINC01783/hsa_circ_0008903-TEC, RP11-71L14.3-IDO1/SMPD3, RP11-178F10.2-IDO1/HRH4, and hsa_circ_0008903-CYSLTR2, which may indicate potential regulatory effects of lncRNAs/circRNAs in CARAS. Dysregulated levels of immune cell infiltration may be closely related to CARAS. Conclusion The regulating effect of lncRNA/circRNA-immunity/hypoxia-related mRNA regulatory pairs may be involved in the occurrence and development of CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Zheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jian Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lactose and Galactose Promote the Crystallization of Human Galectin-10. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041979. [PMID: 36838965 PMCID: PMC9966682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-10 (Gal-10) forms Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs), which play a key role in the symptoms of asthma and allergies and some other diseases. Gal-10 has a carbohydrate-binding site; however, neither the Gal-10 dimer nor the CLCs can bind sugars. To investigate the monomer-dimer equilibrium of Gal-10, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was employed to separate serial dilutions of Gal-10 with and without carbohydrates. We found that both the dimerization and crystallization of Gal-10 were promoted by lactose/galactose binding. A peak position shift for the monomer was observed after treatment with either lactose or galactose, implying that the polarity of the monomer was reduced by lactose/galactose binding. Further experiments indicated that alkaline conditions of pH 8.8 mimicked the lactose/galactose-binding environment, and the time interval between monomers and dimers in the chromatogram decreased from 0.8 min to 0.4 min. Subsequently, the electrostatic potential of the Gal-10 monomers was computed. After lactose/galactose binding, the top side of the monomer shifted from negatively charged to electrically neutral, allowing it to interact with the carbohydrate-binding site of the opposing subunit during dimerization. Since lactose/galactose promotes the crystallization of Gal-10, our findings implied that dairy-free diets (free of lactose/galactose) might be beneficial to patients with CLC-related diseases.
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Jiang W, Chetry M, Pan S, Wang L, Zhu X. Overexpression of Galectin10 Predicts a Better Prognosis in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:2654-2664. [PMID: 33854625 PMCID: PMC8040711 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the prognosis of Galectins (LGALS) expression on patients with ovarian cancer, the prognosis of LGALS members in ovarian cancer was retrieved and analyzed by using 'Kaplan-Meier plotter' database. The relation of LGALS to overall survival (OS) was evaluated according to histological subtypes, clinical stages and pathological grade. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LGALS in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian cells. Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate the different expression of LGALS between cancer and normal tissues. In total patients with ovarian cancer, LGALS4, LGALS8, LGALS10 and LGALS13 mRNA levels were related to a better OS, and LGALS1 to a worse OS. LGALS1 predicted a worse OS in women with serous, stages III+IV or grade II ovarian cancer. LGALS4 predicted a better OS in patients with endometrioid, stages I+II or grade III ovarian cancer. LGALS10 predicted a longer OS in females with serous, all stages, or grade III cancer. LGALS8 overexpression was related to a better OS in all stages. Notably, mRNA and protein expressions of LGALS4, LGALS10 and LGALS13 were decreased in cancer cells than those in normal cells (P<0.05). Additionally, the immunostaining score of LGALS8, LGALS10 and LGALS13 expression were lower but LGALS1 was higher in caner tissues than those in normal tissues (P<0.001). In conclusion, LGALS10 possibly is a valuable biomarker for predicting a favorable prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer, especially with serous, all stages and grade III cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Mandika Chetry
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Longyi Wang
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Zhang M, Yan B, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang L. Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein in Nasal Secretions of Patients with Nonallergic Rhinitis with Eosinophilia Syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:888-896. [PMID: 32694242 DOI: 10.1159/000509252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein has been regarded as a hallmark of eosinophilic inflammation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and levels of CLC protein in patients with nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES). METHODS Overall, 39 NARES patients and 19 controls were recruited. The severity of nasal symptoms was measured by visual analogue scale and serum and local specific immunoglobulin E were determined in all patients. Nasal eosinophilia was assessed by semiquantitative analysis of eosinophils in nasal scrapings. Nasal secretion CLC protein concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS CLC protein concentrations were significantly higher in NARES patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). Nasal secretion CLC protein levels were significantly correlated with the degree of eosinophilia in nasal scrapings (rs = 0.331; p = 0.04) in NARES patients. Patients with high CLC protein concentrations displayed more severe nasal symptoms than patients with low CLC protein concentrations (p = 0.0080), particularly, nasal itching (p = 0.0029). Pilot study in 8 NARES patients demonstrated that treatment for 1 month with intranasal fluticasone propionate significantly decreased the nasal secretion CLC protein concentrations from baseline levels (p = 0.0335) and markedly attenuated the degree of swelling of inferior turbinate. CONCLUSIONS CLC protein levels are significantly higher in nasal secretions of NARES patients and associated with the degree of nasal eosinophilia and the severity of nasal symptoms. Significantly, nasal secretion CLC protein levels obviously decreased after treatment with intranasal corticosteroids, suggesting its possible role in evaluating the medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China, .,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
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Grozdanovic MM, Doyle CB, Liu L, Maybruck BT, Kwatia MA, Thiyagarajan N, Acharya KR, Ackerman SJ. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 interacts with cationic ribonucleases and is required for eosinophil granulogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:377-389.e10. [PMID: 31982451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein is a member of the Galectin superfamily and is also known as galectin-10 (Gal-10). CLC/Gal-10 forms the distinctive hexagonal bipyramidal crystals that are considered hallmarks of eosinophil participation in allergic responses and related inflammatory reactions; however, the glycan-containing ligands of CLC/Gal-10, its cellular function(s), and its role(s) in allergic diseases are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the binding partners of CLC/Gal-10 and elucidate its role in eosinophil biology. METHODS Intracellular binding partners were determined by ligand blotting with CLC/Gal-10, followed by coimmunoprecipitation and coaffinity purifications. The role of CLC/Gal-10 in eosinophil function was determined by using enzyme activity assays, confocal microscopy, and short hairpin RNA knockout of CLC/Gal-10 expression in human CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to eosinophils. RESULTS CLC/Gal-10 interacts with both human eosinophil granule cationic ribonucleases (RNases), namely, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNS2) and eosinophil cationic protein (RNS3), and with murine eosinophil-associated RNases. The interaction is independent of glycosylation and is not inhibitory toward endoRNase activity. Activation of eosinophils with INF-γ induces the rapid colocalization of CLC/Gal-10 with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/RNS2 and CD63. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of CLC/Gal-10 in human cord blood-derived CD34+ progenitor cells impairs eosinophil granulogenesis. CONCLUSIONS CLC/Gal-10 functions as a carrier for the sequestration and vesicular transport of the potent eosinophil granule cationic RNases during both differentiation and degranulation, enabling their intracellular packaging and extracellular functions in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Grozdanovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Christine B Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Brian T Maybruck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark A Kwatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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Kuwahara T, Kobayashi Y, Yun Y, Kanda A, Asako M, Ueki S, Iwai H. Eosinophilic Cholecystitis Occurred in a Patient With Refractory Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation: A Case Report. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2019; 10:2152656719869607. [PMID: 31452968 PMCID: PMC6700860 DOI: 10.1177/2152656719869607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic cholecystitis (EC) is a rare condition that presents in a manner comparable to acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis is based on classical symptoms of cholecystitis with excessive eosinophilic infiltration within the gallbladder. EC has been reported alone or in combination with manifestations, such as eosinophilic gastrointestinal tract inflammation. However, association with airway inflammation in patients with EC is rare.Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65-year-old man who had refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with bronchial asthma. A second endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was performed as treatment for recurrent nasal polyps. EC occurred while inhaled corticosteroids were reduced after ESS. Pathologic examination of the excised gallbladder demonstrated submucosal infiltration with a number of eosinophils. Furthermore, immunohistostaining revealed many galectin-10-positive cells in both the gallbladder mucosa and the paranasal sinus mucosa. Galectin-10 is a major constituent of human eosinophils, also known as the Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, which has been linked with eosinophilic inflammation. Interestingly, nasal polyps were reduced without any additional treatments 1 month after the cholecystectomy. Conclusions We experienced a rare case wherein EC onset occurred in a patient with refractory eosinophilic airway inflammation during inhaled corticosteroid tapering. Galectin-10 might help diagnose rare cases of eosinophilic inflammation in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kuwahara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kanda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Mikiya Asako
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Medical Practice and Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Liu C, Yan B, Qi S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang C. Predictive Significance of Charcot–Leyden Crystals for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:671-680. [PMID: 31269798 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419860646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) is a distinct phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), with many significantly different clinical features from non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (non-ECRSwNP). Thus, identification of subtypes is crucial for precise treatment. Immunohistology is a reliable way to present the subtypes; however, the results mainly depend on the observation of pathologist, and the method with automatic readout and the corresponding biomarkers is lacking. Objective The purpose of our research was to explore the predictive value of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as an alternative method and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Charcot–Leyden crystals (CLC) as a corresponding target for ECRSwNP, which may benefit the automatized judgment. Method CLC mRNA levels in tissue samples from 48 CRSwNP patients and 10 controls were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histological assessment of CRSwNP and subtyping as ECRSwNP and non-ECRSwNP. Factors associated with ECRSwNP were determined with logistic regression analysis, the predictive value was presented by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and optimal cutoff points of the predictors were identified as the Youden index. Results mRNA level of CLC in ECRSwNP was significantly elevated compared to either non-ECRSwNP group or control group, with no significant difference between non-ECRSwNP patients and controls. CLC mRNA levels were positively correlated with percentages of tissue eosinophil and peripheral blood eosinophil ( P < .001, r = .683; P = .003, r = .420, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed CLC mRNA level and blood eosinophil percentages were prediagnosis factors ( P = .007, P = .045, respectively) for ECRSwNP. ROC curves analysis indicated the area under the curve (AUC) of CLC mRNA level was 0.948 which was superior to the blood eosinophil percentage (AUC = 0.797; P = .044) as an optimal biomarker to predict ECRSwNP. Conclusions CLC mRNA levels based on the qRT-PCR may serve as a reliable and alternative method for the identification of ECRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sihan Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Nyenhuis SM, Alumkal P, Du J, Maybruck BT, Vinicky M, Ackerman SJ. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 is a surrogate biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Biomark Med 2019; 13:715-724. [PMID: 31157540 PMCID: PMC6630493 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Eosinophilic asthma is associated with more exacerbations and differential responses to treatment. The aim of this study was to assess if CLC/Gal-10 and MBP-1 are surrogate biomarkers of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Methods & results: Sputum induction was performed in patients with asthma and in healthy controls. Sputum analysis revealed higher (p < 0.001) levels of CLC/Gal-10 and MBP-1 in asthmatics versus healthy controls. CLC/Gal-10 levels were highly correlated (rs = 0.74; p < 0.001) with sputum eosinophils; MBP-1 approached significance (r = 0.44; p = 0.07). Conclusion: Increased CLC/Gal-10 and MBP-1 levels in the sputum were strongly correlated with sputum eosinophils in patients with asthma. CLC/Gal-10 and MBP-1 may be useful biomarkers for differentiation of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeth Alumkal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brian T Maybruck
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Vinicky
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lei Y, Guo P, An J, Guo C, Lu F, Liu M. Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 115:97-103. [PMID: 30368403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the main cause of irreversible blindness in older individuals. Our study aims to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in AR. METHODS To screen pathogenic genes of AR, an integrated analysis was performed by using the microarray datasets in AR derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The functional annotation and potential pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further discovered by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. We constructed the AR-specific transcriptional regulatory network to find the crucial transcriptional factors (TFs) which target the DEGs in AR. Electronic validation was performed to verify the DEGs obtained by integrated analysis. RESULTS From two GEO datasets obtained, we identified 793 DEGs (460 up-regulated and 333 down-regulated genes) between AR and normal control (NC). After GO and KEGG analysis, chronic inflammatory response and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways for DEGs. The expression of 6 genes (CLC, CST1, CRTAM, ILK, STAT1, and POSTN) was detected. The 6 genes in GEO: GSE51392 dataset played the same pattern with that in our integrated analysis. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulation of 3 genes (CST1, CLC and STAT1) may be involved in the pathogenesis of AR. AP-1 was associated with AR by regulating CST1 and CLC. Our finding can contribute to developing new potential biomarkers, revealing the underlying pathogenesis, and further raising new therapeutic targets for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, China
| | - Fengxiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, China
| | - Minglei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, China.
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A Brief History of Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein/Galectin-10 Research. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112931. [PMID: 30424011 PMCID: PMC6278384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are present in tissues, such as the respiratory tract, spleen, lymph nodes and blood vessels. The significant presence of eosinophils in these tissues are associated with various diseases, including asthma, allergies, acute myeloid leukemia, etc. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 is overexpressed in eosinophils and has also been identified in basophils and macrophages. In human body, this protein could spontaneously form Charcot-Leyden crystal in lymphocytes or in the lysates of lymphocytes. At present, the role of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 in lymphocytes is not fully understood. This review summarizes research progress on Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10, with emphasis on its history, cellular distributions, relations to diseases, structures and ligand binding specificity.
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12
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Jacovas VC, Couto-Silva CM, Nunes K, Lemes RB, de Oliveira MZ, Salzano FM, Bortolini MC, Hünemeier T. Selection scan reveals three new loci related to high altitude adaptation in Native Andeans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12733. [PMID: 30143708 PMCID: PMC6109162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Andean Altiplano has been occupied continuously since the late Pleistocene, ~12,000 years ago, which places the Andean natives as one of the most ancient populations living at high altitudes. In the present study, we analyzed genomic data from Native Americans living a long-time at Andean high altitude and at Amazonia and Mesoamerica lowland areas. We have identified three new candidate genes - SP100, DUOX2 and CLC - with evidence of positive selection for altitude adaptation in Andeans. These genes are involved in the TP53 pathway and are related to physiological routes important for high-altitude hypoxia response, such as those linked to increased angiogenesis, skeletal muscle adaptations, and immune functions at the fetus-maternal interface. Our results, combined with other studies, showed that Andeans have adapted to the Altiplano in different ways and using distinct molecular strategies as compared to those of other natives living at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Jacovas
- Genetics Departament, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cainã M Couto-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan B Lemes
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco M Salzano
- Genetics Departament, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Genetics Departament, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Su J, Gao J, Si Y, Cui L, Song C, Wang Y, Wu R, Tai G, Zhou Y. Galectin-10: a new structural type of prototype galectin dimer and effects on saccharide ligand binding. Glycobiology 2017; 28:159-168. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Su
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yunlong Si
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chenyang Song
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Runjie Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guihua Tai
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Rao SP, Ge XN, Sriramarao P. Regulation of Eosinophil Recruitment and Activation by Galectins in Allergic Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:68. [PMID: 28620605 PMCID: PMC5450023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are differentiated granulocytes that are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of inflammation via the vascular system. Allergic asthma is characterized by the presence of large numbers of eosinophils in the lungs and airways. Due to their capacity to rapidly release inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and cytotoxic granule proteins upon stimulation, eosinophils play a critical role in pro-inflammatory processes in allergen-exposed lungs. Identifying key players and understanding the molecular mechanisms directing eosinophil trafficking and recruitment to inflamed airways is a key to developing therapeutic strategies to limit their influx. Recent studies have brought to light the important role of glycans and glycan binding proteins in regulating recruitment of eosinophils. In addition to the role of previously identified eosinophil- and endothelial-expressed adhesion molecules in mediating eosinophil trafficking and recruitment to the inflamed airways, studies have also indicated a role for galectins (galectin-3) in this process. Galectins are mammalian lectins expressed by various cell types including eosinophils. Intracellularly, they can regulate biological processes such as cell motility. Extracellularly, galectins interact with β-galactosides in cell surface-expressed glycans to regulate cellular responses like production of inflammatory mediators, cell adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Eosinophils express galectins intracellularly or on the cell surface where they interact with cell surface glycoconjugate receptors. Depending on the type (galectin-1, -3, etc.) and location (extracellular or intracellular, endogenous or exogenously delivered), galectins differentially regulate eosinophil recruitment, activation, and apoptosis and thus exert a pro- or anti-inflammatory outcome. Here, we have reviewed information pertaining to galectins (galectin-1, -3 -9, and -10) that are expressed by eosinophils themselves and/or other cells that play a role in eosinophil recruitment and function in the context of allergic asthma and their potential use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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15
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Metcalfe DD, Pawankar R, Ackerman SJ, Akin C, Clayton F, Falcone FH, Gleich GJ, Irani AM, Johansson MW, Klion AD, Leiferman KM, Levi-Schaffer F, Nilsson G, Okayama Y, Prussin C, Schroeder JT, Schwartz LB, Simon HU, Walls AF, Triggiani M. Biomarkers of the involvement of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in asthma and allergic diseases. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:7. [PMID: 26904159 PMCID: PMC4751725 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of disease activity have come into wide use in the study of mechanisms of human disease and in clinical medicine to both diagnose and predict disease course; as well as to monitor response to therapeutic intervention. Here we review biomarkers of the involvement of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in human allergic inflammation. Included are surface markers of cell activation as well as specific products of these inflammatory cells that implicate specific cell types in the inflammatory process and are of possible value in clinical research as well as within decisions made in the practice of allergy-immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean D. Metcalfe
- />Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- />Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steven J. Ackerman
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cem Akin
- />Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Frederic Clayton
- />Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- />The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald J. Gleich
- />Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Anne-Marie Irani
- />Virginia Commonwealth University, Children’s Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- />Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Amy D. Klion
- />Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | | | - Gunnar Nilsson
- />Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- />Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Calman Prussin
- />Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - John T. Schroeder
- />Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- />University of Bern, Institute of Pharmacology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F. Walls
- />Southampton General Hospital, Immunopharmacology Group, Southampton, Hampshire UK
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- />Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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George BJ, Reif DM, Gallagher JE, Williams-DeVane CR, Heidenfelder BL, Hudgens EE, Jones W, Neas L, Hubal EAC, Edwards SW. Data-driven asthma endotypes defined from blood biomarker and gene expression data. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117445. [PMID: 25643280 PMCID: PMC4314082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma is complicated by its mechanistically distinct subtypes (endotypes) driven by genetic susceptibility and modulating environmental factors. Clinical biomarkers and blood gene expression were collected from a stratified, cross-sectional study of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children from Detroit, MI. This study describes four distinct asthma endotypes identified via a purely data-driven method. Our method was specifically designed to integrate blood gene expression and clinical biomarkers in a way that provides new mechanistic insights regarding the different asthma endotypes. For example, we describe metabolic syndrome-induced systemic inflammation as an associated factor in three of the four asthma endotypes. Context provided by the clinical biomarker data was essential in interpreting gene expression patterns and identifying putative endotypes, which emphasizes the importance of integrated approaches when studying complex disease etiologies. These synthesized patterns of gene expression and clinical markers from our research may lead to development of novel serum-based biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jane George
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Reif
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jane E. Gallagher
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory—Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - ClarLynda R. Williams-DeVane
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory—Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brooke L. Heidenfelder
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory—Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward E. Hudgens
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory—Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wendell Jones
- Department of Bioinformatics, Expression Analysis, a Quintiles company, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lucas Neas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory—Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory—Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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17
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Abstract
Experimental and clinical data strongly support a role for the eosinophil in the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic and parasitic diseases, and hypereosinophilic syndromes, in addition to more recently identified immunomodulatory roles in shaping innate host defense, adaptive immunity, tissue repair/remodeling, and maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. A seminal finding was the dependence of allergic airway inflammation on eosinophil-induced recruitment of Th2-polarized effector T-cells to the lung, providing a missing link between these innate immune effectors (eosinophils) and adaptive T-cell responses. Eosinophils come equipped with preformed enzymatic and nonenzymatic cationic proteins, stored in and selectively secreted from their large secondary (specific) granules. These proteins contribute to the functions of the eosinophil in airway inflammation, tissue damage, and remodeling in the asthmatic diathesis. Studies using eosinophil-deficient mouse models, including eosinophil-derived granule protein double knock-out mice (major basic protein-1/eosinophil peroxidase dual gene deletion) show that eosinophils are required for all major hallmarks of asthma pathophysiology: airway epithelial damage and hyperreactivity, and airway remodeling including smooth muscle hyperplasia and subepithelial fibrosis. Here we review key molecular aspects of these eosinophil-derived granule proteins in terms of structure-function relationships to advance understanding of their roles in eosinophil cell biology, molecular biology, and immunobiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ravi Acharya
- From the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom and
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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18
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Andiappan AK, Nilsson D, Halldén C, Yun WD, Säll T, Cardell LO, Tim CF. Investigating highly replicated asthma genes as candidate genes for allergic rhinitis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:51. [PMID: 23663310 PMCID: PMC3653682 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma genetics has been extensively studied and many genes have been associated with the development or severity of this disease. In contrast, the genetic basis of allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been evaluated as extensively. It is well known that asthma is closely related with AR since a large proportion of individuals with asthma also present symptoms of AR, and patients with AR have a 5-6 fold increased risk of developing asthma. Thus, the relevance of asthma candidate genes as predisposing factors for AR is worth investigating. The present study was designed to investigate if SNPs in highly replicated asthma genes are associated with the occurrence of AR. METHODS A total of 192 SNPs from 21 asthma candidate genes reported to be associated with asthma in 6 or more unrelated studies were genotyped in a Swedish population with 246 AR patients and 431 controls. Genotypes for 429 SNPs from the same set of genes were also extracted from a Singapore Chinese genome-wide dataset which consisted of 456 AR cases and 486 controls. All SNPs were subsequently analyzed for association with AR and their influence on allergic sensitization to common allergens. RESULTS A limited number of potential associations were observed and the overall pattern of P-values corresponds well to the expectations in the absence of an effect. However, in the tests of allele effects in the Chinese population the number of significant P-values exceeds the expectations. The strongest signals were found for SNPs in NPSR1 and CTLA4. In these genes, a total of nine SNPs showed P-values <0.001 with corresponding Q-values <0.05. In the NPSR1 gene some P-values were lower than the Bonferroni correction level. Reanalysis after elimination of all patients with asthmatic symptoms excluded asthma as a confounding factor in our results. Weaker indications were found for IL13 and GSTP1 with respect to sensitization to birch pollen in the Swedish population. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation in the majority of the highly replicated asthma genes were not associated to AR in our populations which suggest that asthma and AR could have less in common than previously anticipated. However, NPSR1 and CTLA4 can be genetic links between AR and asthma and associations of polymorphisms in NPSR1 with AR have not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Freidin MB, Bragina EY, Saltykova IV, Deeva EV, Ogorodova LM, Puzyrev VP. Effect of additional disease (Comorbidity) on association of allergic rhinitis with KCNE4 gene rs12621643 variant. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Nilsson D, Andiappan AK, Halldén C, Tim CF, Säll T, Wang DY, Cardell LO. Poor reproducibility of allergic rhinitis SNP associations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53975. [PMID: 23382861 PMCID: PMC3559641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication of reported associations is crucial to the investigation of complex disease. More than 100 SNPs have previously been reported as associated with allergic rhinitis (AR), but few of these have been replicated successfully. To investigate the general reproducibility of reported AR-associations in candidate gene studies, one Swedish (352 AR-cases, 709 controls) and one Singapore Chinese population (948 AR-cases, 580 controls) were analyzed using 49 AR-associated SNPs. The overall pattern of P-values indicated that very few of the investigated SNPs were associated with AR. Given published odds ratios (ORs) most SNPs showed high power to detect an association, but no correlations were found between the ORs of the two study populations or with published ORs. None of the association signals were in common to the two genome-wide association studies published in AR, indicating that the associations represent false positives or have much lower effect-sizes than reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biomedicine, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chew Fook Tim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Torbjörn Säll
- Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Galectin-10, a potential biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42549. [PMID: 22880030 PMCID: PMC3412795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation can assist in the diagnosis of allergic asthma and in the management of exacerbations, however its clinical implementation remains difficult. Galectin-10 has been associated with eosinophilic inflammation and has the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker. This study aimed to assess the relationship between galectin-10 in sputum with sputum eosinophil counts, the current gold standard of eosinophil inflammation in the lung. Thirty-eight sputum samples were processed for both eosinophil counts by cytospins and semi-quantitative measurements of galectin-10 by western blots. A strong association was observed between galectin-10 levels in sputum and sputum eosinophil measurements, and they accurately determined sputum eosinophilia. The results support the potential for galectin-10 to be used as a surrogate biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation.
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22
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Nilsson D, Andiappan AK, Halldén C, De Yun W, Säll T, Tim CF, Cardell LO. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with allergic rhinitis: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:66. [PMID: 22857391 PMCID: PMC3459792 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The Toll-like receptor proteins are important in host defense and initiation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. A number of studies have identified associations between genetic variation in the Toll-like receptor genes and allergic disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The present study aim to search for genetic variation associated with allergic rhinitis in the Toll-like receptor genes. Methods A first association analysis genotyped 73 SNPs in 182 cases and 378 controls from a Swedish population. Based on these results an additional 24 SNPs were analyzed in one Swedish population with 352 cases and 709 controls and one Chinese population with 948 cases and 580 controls. Results The first association analysis identified 4 allergic rhinitis-associated SNPs in the TLR7-TLR8 gene region. Subsequent analysis of 24 SNPs from this region identified 7 and 5 significant SNPs from the Swedish and Chinese populations, respectively. The corresponding risk-associated haplotypes are significant after Bonferroni correction and are the most common haplotypes in both populations. The associations are primarily detected in females in the Swedish population, whereas it is seen in males in the Chinese population. Further independent support for the involvement of this region in allergic rhinitis was obtained from quantitative skin prick test data generated in both populations. Conclusions Haplotypes in the TLR7-TLR8 gene region were associated with allergic rhinitis in one Swedish and one Chinese population. Since this region has earlier been associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in a Danish linkage study this speaks strongly in favour of this region being truly involved in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bunyavanich S, Shargorodsky J, Celedón JC. A meta-analysis of Th2 pathway genetic variants and risk for allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:378-87. [PMID: 21309855 PMCID: PMC3345814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant genetic contribution to allergic rhinitis (AR). Genetic association studies for AR have been performed, but varying results make it challenging to decipher the overall potential effect of specific variants. The Th2 pathway plays an important role in the immunological development of AR. We performed meta-analyses of genetic association studies of variants in Th2 pathway genes and AR. PubMed and Phenopedia were searched by double extraction for original studies on Th2 pathway-related genetic polymorphisms and their associations with AR. A meta-analysis was conducted on each genetic polymorphism with data meeting our predetermined selection criteria. Analyses were performed using both fixed and random effects models, with stratification by age group, ethnicity, and AR definition where appropriate. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Six independent studies analyzing three candidate polymorphisms and involving a total of 1596 cases and 2892 controls met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the A allele of IL13 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs20541 was associated with increased odds of AR (estimated OR=1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.3, p-value 0.004 in fixed effects model, 95% CI 1.0-1.5, p-value 0.056 in random effects model). The A allele of rs20541 was associated with increased odds of AR in mixed age groups using both fixed effects and random effects modeling. IL13 SNP rs1800925 and IL4R SNP 1801275 did not demonstrate overall associations with AR. We conclude that there is evidence for an overall association between IL13 SNP rs20541 and increased risk of AR, especially in mixed-age populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Bunyavanich
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 19:58-65. [PMID: 21233627 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32834344aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Lin TA, Kourteva G, Hilton H, Li H, Tare NS, Carvajal V, Hang JS, Wei X, Renzetti LM. The mRNA level of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 is a marker for CRTH2 activation in human whole blood in vitro. Biomarkers 2010; 15:646-54. [PMID: 20858065 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.511266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CRTH2 is one of the prostaglandin D₂ receptors and plays a proinflammatory role in allergic diseases. Gene expression markers in whole blood induced by CRTH2 activation have not previously been reported. Using microarray analyses of 54 675 genes, we revealed modest gene expression changes in human whole blood stimulated in vitro by a selective CRTH2 agonist, DK-PGD₂. Five genes were found to exhibit 1.5- to 2.6-fold changes in expression. The expression of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 (CLC/Gal-10) in particular was consistently enhanced in human whole blood stimulated by DK-PGD₂, as confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. DK-PGD(2)-induced increases in blood CLC/Gal-10 mRNA levels were largely attenuated by the CRTH2 antagonist CAY10471.Thus, the DK-PGD₂-induced CLC/Gal-10 mRNA level can serve as a potential marker for monitoring pharmacodynamic effects of blood exposure to CRTH2 modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-An Lin
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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