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Rudokas V, Silimavicius L, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Sliziene A, Pleckaityte M, Zvirbliene A. Novel monoclonal antibodies against house dust mite allergen Der p 21 and their application to analyze allergen extracts. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17233. [PMID: 38646484 PMCID: PMC11032652 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen extracts and recombinant allergens are used in allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy. Since allergen extracts from different manufacturers lack proper standardization regarding their composition, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against specific allergen components can be used for their identification and quantification in allergen extracts. This study aimed to generate MAbs against allergen Der p 21 of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus for the analysis of allergen extracts. Methods Recombinant Der p 21 was expressed in E. coli and purified using affinity chromatography. MAbs against Der p 21 were generated using hybridoma technology. House dust mite (HDM) allergen extracts were analyzed using the newly developed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and microarray immunoassay. Results MAbs raised against recombinant Der p 21 were characterized in detail and proven to be reactive with natural Der p 21. Highly specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of Der p 21 was developed and optimized. The allergen was detected and its concentration was determined in only three of six analyzed HDM allergen extracts from different manufacturers. Conclusion HDM analysis by MAb-based immunoassays shows their differences in allergen composition. The results demonstrate the importance of allergen-specific MAbs as a tool for the characterization of allergen extracts and the need for their appropriate standardization before their use for allergy diagnostics or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Rudokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laimis Silimavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- UAB Imunodiagnostika, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aiste Sliziene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Pleckaityte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Shah D, Sharma PV, Menon S, Balakrishnan R, Udupa CBK. Correlation Between Nasal Allergy and the Number of Eosinophils in Adenoid Tissue. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:871-877. [PMID: 38440511 PMCID: PMC10908961 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To study adenoid tissue eosinophilia in allergic rhinitis. A single-centre clinical case-control prospective study with 66 subjects enrolled for the study after taking written informed consent from all the participants. All patients underwent adenoidectomy with histopathological evaluation of adenoid tissue samples for eosinophils. 36 patients (cases) with Symptoms for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) score indicative of allergic rhinitis. 30 patients (control) with SFAR scores not indicative of allergic rhinitis. All patients were evaluated for serum absolute eosinophil count and total serum immunoglobulin E (Ig-E). There was a significant relationship between allergic rhinitis and serum Ig-E levels using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test amongst case and control groups with a p-value of 0.031. Pathologically examined slides of adenoid tissue eosinophil count per 10 random high power fields in these patients showed significant results with a p-value of 0.002432, via the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Statistical analysis, shows that adenoid tissue eosinophil count and serum Ig-E levels can somewhat predict the presence of clinical features of allergic rhinitis. Based on several similar studies with similar results, allergic rhinitis can be gauged with adenoid tissue histopathology and routine evaluation should be considered as a standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divesh Shah
- Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Tankisinuwari, Biratnagar, Morang, Province 1 Nepal
| | - Poorvi V. Sharma
- Department of ENT, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shalini Menon
- Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R. Balakrishnan
- Department of ENT, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Chethana Babu K. Udupa
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Lee YZ, Kow ASF, Jacquet A, Lee MT, Tham CL. House dust mite allergy in Malaysia: review of research gaps in the current scenario and the way forward. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:509-539. [PMID: 37995026 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of house dust mite (HDM) allergy, especially in Asian countries with rapid urbanization, has been increasing. House dust mites thrive in places with relatively high humidity. With the combination of climate change, naturally high humidity, and urbanization, tropical countries like Malaysia are becoming a hotspot for HDM allergy fast. With a previously reported sensitization rate of between 60 and 80%, it is a worrying trend for Malaysia. However, due to incomplete and out-of-date data, as seen by the limited study coverage in the past, these numbers do not paint a complete picture of the true HDM allergy scene in Malaysia. This review briefly discusses the HDM fauna, the HDM sensitization rate, the common diagnosis and therapeutic tools for HDM allergy in Malaysia, and makes suggestions for possible improvements in the future. This review also highlights the need of more comprehensive population-based prevalence studies to be done in Malaysia, encompassing the three main HDMs-Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Blomia tropicalis-as the lack of up-to-date studies failed to give a clearer picture on the current scenario of HDM allergy in Malaysia. Future studies will be beneficial to the nation in preparing a better blueprint for the management and treatment of HDM allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao Lee
- Office of Postgraduate Studies, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Centre of Research for Mental Health and Wellbeing, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Allergen Content of Therapeutic Preparations for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy of European Paper Wasp Venom Allergy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040284. [PMID: 35448893 PMCID: PMC9031911 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy to Polistes dominula (European paper wasp) venom is of particular relevance in Southern Europe, potentially becoming a threat in other regions in the near future, and can be effectively cured by venom immunotherapy (VIT). As allergen content in extracts may vary and have an impact on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the aim was to compare five therapeutic preparations for VIT of P. dominula venom allergy available in Spain. Products from five different suppliers were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS and compared with a reference venom sample. Three products with P. dominula venom and one product with a venom mixture of American Polistes species showed a comparable band pattern in SDS-PAGE as the reference sample and the bands of the major allergens phospholipase A1 and antigen 5 were assignable. The other product, which consists of a mixture of American Polistes species, exhibited the typical band pattern in one, but not in another sample from a second batch. All annotated P. dominula allergens were detected at comparable levels in LC-MS/MS analysis of products containing P. dominula venom. Due to a lack of genomic information on the American Polistes species, the remaining products were not analyzed by this method. The major Polistes allergens were present in comparable amounts in the majority, but not in all investigated samples of venom preparations for VIT of P. dominula venom allergy.
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Letrán A, García I, Espinazo-Romeu M, Moreno-Aguilar C, Moreno F. Cut-off value of D. pteronyssinus specific IgE in double negative patients Der p 1 and Der p 2 and its clinical repercussion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23585. [PMID: 34880341 PMCID: PMC8655041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessibility to more precise diagnostic techniques such as component resolved diagnostics (CRD), provides us with an important advance in diagnostic aspects as well as treatment. The subject of this study aims to better understand the profiles of sensitization to Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 and to know to what extent their use could help us in optimizing the decision-making for their treatment with Specific Immunotherapy. Cross-sectional study of subjects older than 5 years, diagnosed with allergy to HDM using skin prick test and sIgE, with symptoms of rhinitis and/or asthma. Total and specific IgE was determined to D. pteronyssinus, nDer p 1, rDer p 2 and rDer p 23 using ImmunoCAP. 240 patients were recruited (97.1% rhinitis and 46.25% rhinitis and asthma). Four different phenotypes were observed: positive or negative for sIgE nDer p 1 and/or IgE rDer p 2. 17% of these patients sIgE were double negative for Der p 1 and Der p 2 (increasing with age and with significantly lower sIgE levels than the rest of the groups). Using ROC curves, value less than 2.18 KUA/L for D. pteronyssinus sIgE gave us a sensitivity and specificity of 0.882 and 0.985, respectively, to double negative IgE nDer p 1 and IgE rDer p 2 group. Despite positive SPT and sIgE to D. pteronyssinus, 17% of the studied population is IgE nDer p 1 and IgE rDer p 2 double negative, with a cut-off value of 2.18 KU/L, which is very relevant for taking of decisions in prescription of AIT. The double positive population sIgE nDer p 1 and IgE rDer p 2 is associated with asthma compared to the other groups and this does not seem to be influenced by IgE rDer p 23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Letrán
- Servicio de Alergología e Inmunología, CM ASISA Lobatón, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Marisa Espinazo-Romeu
- GC01 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Alergia, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Avenida Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- National Network ARADyAL, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Moreno-Aguilar
- GC01 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Alergia, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Avenida Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- National Network ARADyAL, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Moreno
- Servicio de Alergología e Inmunología, CM ASISA Lobatón, Cádiz, Spain
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6
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Molecular mechanisms and treatment modalities in equine Culicoides hypersensitivity. Vet J 2021; 276:105741. [PMID: 34416400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Equine Culicoides hypersensitivity (CH) is the most common allergic condition in horses affecting the skin. This review focuses on immunopathology and molecular mechanisms of equine CH. The role of eosinophils is emphasized, as well as disease severity and the influence of long-term chronic allergen exposure on T helper (Th) 2 cells. Using current knowledge from human allergic disorders, similar effects are hypothesized in equine patients. Key aspects of CH diagnosis and treatment are discussed, focusing on allergen specific immunotherapy and allergen-independent approaches, such as targeting hypereosinophilia through interleukin-5 and allergic non-histaminic pruritus though interleukin-31.
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7
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Muddaluru V, Valenta R, Vrtala S, Schlederer T, Hindley J, Hickey P, Larché M, Tonti E. Comparison of house dust mite sensitization profiles in allergic adults from Canada, Europe, South Africa and USA. Allergy 2021; 76:2177-2188. [PMID: 33484161 DOI: 10.1111/all.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) is a leading cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Despite more than 30 HDM-derived allergens having been identified to date, specific therapeutic approaches do not yet take into account the local sensitization profiles of patients. This study aimed to identify patterns of HDM sensitization in HDM-allergic adults living in distinct geographic areas, to inform the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic tools. METHODS Serum samples from 685 HDM-allergic subjects from Canada, Europe, South Africa, and the USA were tested for levels of IgE specific for 17 micro-arrayed HDM allergens by ImmunoCAP Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) technology. RESULTS The results confirmed significant geographical variability in sensitization patterns and levels of IgE. In all areas, the major sensitizers were the group 1 and group 2 allergens and Der p 23. Der p 23 was a frequent sensitizer: 64% of the subjects had IgE specific for Der p 23, and 2.3% were monosensitized to it. In South Africa, Der p 23 was the dominant HDM allergen (86% prevalence) and Der p 7 achieved major allergen status (56%). IgE sensitization to HDM was influenced by asthmatic status, levels of allergen exposure, age, race-ethnicity and smoking status, but not by BMI. CONCLUSION Sensitization profiles to HDM allergens differ considerably among distinct geographic areas, with Der p 7 and Der p 23 being major sensitizers in South Africa. Such heterogeneity should be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of HDM-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Muddaluru
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Division Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Schlederer
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Phadia Austria GmbHPart of Thermo Fisher Scientific ImmunoDiagnostics Vienna Austria
| | | | - Pascal Hickey
- Adiga Life Sciences Inc. Hamilton ON Canada
- Aravax Pty Ltd Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mark Larché
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Division Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Firestone Institute of Respiratory HealthThe Research Institute at St. Joe's, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Elena Tonti
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Division Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Adiga Life Sciences Inc. Hamilton ON Canada
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Huang HJ, Campana R, Akinfenwa O, Curin M, Sarzsinszky E, Karsonova A, Riabova K, Karaulov A, Niespodziana K, Elisyutina O, Fedenko E, Litovkina A, Smolnikov E, Khaitov M, Vrtala S, Schlederer T, Valenta R. Microarray-Based Allergy Diagnosis: Quo Vadis? Front Immunol 2021; 11:594978. [PMID: 33679689 PMCID: PMC7928321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 30% of the world population suffers from allergy. Allergic individuals are characterized by the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against innocuous environmental allergens. Upon allergen recognition IgE mediates allergen-specific immediate and late-phase allergic inflammation in different organs. The identification of the disease-causing allergens by demonstrating the presence of allergen-specific IgE is the key to precision medicine in allergy because it allows tailoring different forms of prevention and treatment according to the sensitization profiles of individual allergic patients. More than 30 years ago molecular cloning started to accelerate the identification of the disease-causing allergen molecules and enabled their production as recombinant molecules. Based on recombinant allergen molecules, molecular allergy diagnosis was introduced into clinical practice and allowed dissecting the molecular sensitization profiles of allergic patients. In 2002 it was demonstrated that microarray technology allows assembling large numbers of allergen molecules on chips for the rapid serological testing of IgE sensitizations with small volumes of serum. Since then microarrayed allergens have revolutionized research and diagnosis in allergy, but several unmet needs remain. Here we show that detection of IgE- and IgG-reactivity to a panel of respiratory allergens microarrayed onto silicon elements is more sensitive than glass-based chips. We discuss the advantages of silicon-based allergen microarrays and how this technology will allow addressing hitherto unmet needs in microarray-based allergy diagnosis. Importantly, it described how the assembly of silicon microarray elements may create different microarray formats for suiting different diagnostic applications such as quick testing of single patients, medium scale testing and fully automated large scale testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Sarzsinszky
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenja Riabova
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Fedenko
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Litovkina
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii Smolnikov
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schlederer
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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9
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Kim JT, Kim H, Kim SH, Kim DJ, Shin Y, Kim JD, Song H, Jang SW, Lee DC, Park KH, Lee JH, Jeong KY, Park JW. Comparison of Allergenic Properties among Commercially Available House Dust Mite Allergen Extracts in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:86-90. [PMID: 33381938 PMCID: PMC7820445 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise allergy diagnosis and effective allergen specific immunotherapy are largely dependent on the quality of allergen extract. A new extract of Dermatophagoides farinae was commercially developed by Prolagen. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared with those of other commercial products. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared according to protein concentration, protein profiles, major allergen (Der f 1) contents, and allergenic potency to those for three commercially available extracts imported in Korea (Jubilant HollisterStier Allergy, Lofarma S.p.A., and Stallergenes Greer). Protein concentrations varied up to 2.62-fold (0.404 to 1.057 mg/mL), and Der f 1 contents varied up to 11.3-fold (3.597 to 40.688 μg/mL). Protein profiles of the extracts showed no major discrepancies, although there were some differences in SDS-PAGE band intensities, reflecting protein concentrations. Allergen potency ranged from 37038 to 60491 PAU/mL. The Prolagen product was highest in terms of protein concentration and allergen potency. The Lofarma product displayed Der f 1 content similar to that in Prolagen (19.4 μg/mg vs. 19.3 μg/mg). Endotoxin levels varied 8.9-fold (1020 to 8985 EU/mL). The newly developed house dust mite extract showed equal or better allergenic properties than available commercial extracts. This new product may be useful for better diagnostics and allergen-specific immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Prolagen, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hangyeol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Woo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medicine Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deug Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Prolagen, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Won Park
- Prolagen, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Dorofeeva Y, Shilovskiy I, Tulaeva I, Focke‐Tejkl M, Flicker S, Kudlay D, Khaitov M, Karsonova A, Riabova K, Karaulov A, Khanferyan R, Pickl WF, Wekerle T, Valenta R. Past, present, and future of allergen immunotherapy vaccines. Allergy 2021; 76:131-149. [PMID: 32249442 PMCID: PMC7818275 DOI: 10.1111/all.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an allergen-specific form of treatment for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy; the most common and important immunologically mediated hypersensitivity disease. AIT is based on the administration of the disease-causing allergen with the goal to induce a protective immunity consisting of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies and alterations of the cellular immune response so that the patient can tolerate allergen contact. Major advantages of AIT over all other existing treatments for allergy are that AIT induces a long-lasting protection and prevents the progression of disease to severe manifestations. AIT is cost effective because it uses the patient´s own immune system for protection and potentially can be used as a preventive treatment. However, broad application of AIT is limited by mainly technical issues such as the quality of allergen preparations and the risk of inducing side effects which results in extremely cumbersome treatment schedules reducing patient´s compliance. In this article we review progress in AIT made from its beginning and provide an overview of the state of the art, the needs for further development, and possible technical solutions available through molecular allergology. Finally, we consider visions for AIT development towards prophylactic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dorofeeva
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dmitriy Kudlay
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ksenja Riabova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Roman Khanferyan
- Department of Immunology and AllergyRussian People’s Friendship UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of ImmunologyCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation ImmunologyDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
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Nucera E, Inchingolo R, Nicotra R, Ferraironi M, Ricci AG, Parrinello G, La Sorda M, Sanguinetti M, Gasbarrini A, Rizzi A. Influence of Antihistamines on Basophil Activation Test in Food Allergy to Milk and Egg. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010044. [PMID: 33396589 PMCID: PMC7824371 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The basophil activation test (BAT) is used to improve the accuracy of food allergy diagnosis. To date, the influence of antiallergic drugs on BAT reactivity is poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate if BAT results were influenced by antihistamine intake for 3 months in a cohort of patients with IgE-mediated food allergy to milk or egg. Methods: A retrospective, single-center, observational study was performed. We enrolled subjects with history of hypersensitivity reaction after specific food ingestion, positive skin prick tests and specific IgEs, concomitant allergic rhinitis, and, contraindication to the double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge due to personal history of systemic reactions related to the ingestion of culprit food. Validated allergens (α-lactoalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, casein, egg white, and yolk) for BAT were used. Results: Thirty-nine patients with well-documented food symptoms and positive allergological workup were included in the study. BAT was positive in 29 patients. The mean percentages of CD63+ expression to specific culprit allergen did not change after the administration of drugs. Conclusions: This was the first study assessing the effects of oral antihistamines on basophil reactivity in cow’s milk and egg food allergy. Antihistamines do not interfere with BAT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nucera
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Inchingolo
- UOC Pneumologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-6062
| | - Rosario Nicotra
- UOC Microbiologia, Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (M.F.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Manuela Ferraironi
- UOC Microbiologia, Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (M.F.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Anna Giulia Ricci
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.G.R.); (G.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Parrinello
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.G.R.); (G.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Marilena La Sorda
- UOC Microbiologia, Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.N.); (M.F.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- UOC Microbiologia, Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Angela Rizzi
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.G.R.); (G.P.); (A.R.)
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12
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Fettelschoss V, Olomski F, Birkmann K, Kündig TM, Bergvall K, Fettelschoss‐Gabriel A. Interleukin 31 and targeted vaccination in a case series of six horses with chronic pruritus. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Fettelschoss
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | - F. Olomski
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | | | - T. M. Kündig
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agriculture Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Fettelschoss‐Gabriel
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
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Di Berardino F, Zanetti D, Monzani D, Rossaro B, Cantarella G, Dejonckere P, Pignataro L. The Atopy Index Inventory: A Brief and Simple Tool to Identify Atopic Patients. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2020; 82:285-294. [PMID: 32791498 DOI: 10.1159/000508813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopy and ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases are frequently associated; however, no clinical tool has been proposed so far to discriminate which patients could be atopic and therefore deserving of a further immunoallergological evaluation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess and validate a set of dichotomous responses suitable for predicting the presence of atopy in adult patients. METHODS An 11-item questionnaire, i.e., the Atopy Index Inventory (AII), comprised of 4 questions regarding the clinical history for allergic disease and 7 questions evaluating the presence of the most frequent clinical signs affecting allergic patients, was developed and administered to 226 adult subjects (124 atopic subjects and 102 healthy, not atopic subjects). The atopic condition was proven by an immunoallergological evaluation according to the diagnostic criteria of the EAACI guidelines. Internal consistency and clinical validity were tested. RESULTS In healthy subjects, the first 4 variables of the AII returned a 100% correct response (all answered "no") and were defined as "decisive" responses. In the logistic regression analysis, when decisive items were negative, the atopic condition was confirmed when answering "yes" to at least 3 "probability" items (cut-off = 2.69). The difference in AII scores between allergic and healthy group was significant using the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the AII were 0.97 and 0.91, respectively, with a true predictive value of 0.92 and a false predictive value of 0.97. The ROC curve showed an area of 0.94, with an OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.87-0.97, p = 0.0001). The internal consistency as determined by the Cronbach α coefficient was 0.88. CONCLUSION The AII has been proven to be a brief, simple and sufficiently accurate tool for screening ENT patients in search of atopic individuals and to allow their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Berardino
- Audiology Unit, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, DISCCO (Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health), University of Milan, Milan, Italy,
| | - Diego Zanetti
- Audiology Unit, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, DISCCO (Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Monzani
- ENT Department, Policlinico di Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Bruno Rossaro
- DeFENS (Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cantarella
- ENT Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, DISCCO (Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- ENT Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, DISCCO (Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Does the principle of homologous groups allow a reduction of allergens in the skin prick test panel? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:117-125. [PMID: 32767165 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory and economic conditions drive the application of the concept of homologous groups on therapeutic and diagnostic formulations. In this context, a possible reduction of allergens in the skin prick test panel in the clinical routine should be investigated for the grass, birch and Dermatophagoides homologous group. METHODS Grass and cultivated rye skin prick test results of 1101 patients, birch/hazel/alder skin prick test results of 1131 patients and 1068 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae skin prick tests were retrospectively evaluated with regard to sensitivity and false-negative rate detecting sensitization against cultivated rye with grass skin prick test, sensitization against hazel and/or alder with birch skin prick test and sensitization towards Dermatophagoides farinae with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus skin prick test. RESULTS Skin prick test results in all groups highly correlated in Spearman Rank Order correlation. Sensitivity of grass skin prick test detecting sensitization against cultivated rye was highest with 98.9%, sensitivity of birch skin prick test detecting sensitization toward hazel and alder was 95.6 and 90.0%, respectively. Sensitivity of skin prick test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus detecting sensitization towards Dermatophagoides farinae was 93.6%. Only 26 patients with positive rye, hazel, alder or Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test that were overlooked by grass, birch or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus skin prick test reported allergic symptoms. CONCLUSION In routine clinical practice, sensitization against cultivated rye can safely be detected by skin prick test with grass allergen. In addition, the sensitivity of birch skin prick test is high in terms of sensitization towards hazel, but lower for alder. Sensitivity of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus skin prick test also is high to detect sensitization towards Dermatophagoides farinae. Further research will indicate if several skin prick test allergens will disappear and be completely replaced by a single skin prick test based on the principle of homologous groups.
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Hoshino M, Akitsu K, Kubota K, Ohtawa J. Association between biomarkers and house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy in allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1035-1043. [PMID: 32557974 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials of patients with asthma. Airway inflammation is a characteristic of respiratory allergy, but its relationship to SLIT remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We evaluate the association between clinical outcomes with pulmonary function and biomarkers in before and after HDM SLIT (UMIN Number 000022390). METHODS One hundred twelve patients with asthma sensitized to HDM were randomized to add-on 6 standardized quality (SQ)-HDM SLIT to pharmacotherapy or pharmacotherapy alone for 48 weeks. At baseline and end of study, biomarkers, blood eosinophils, serum IgE, serum periostin, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and spirometry and clinical symptoms were measured. Association between biomarkers and an increase in FEV1 of 120 mL or greater were analysed. RESULTS Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) demonstrated a significant reduction of serum periostin (P < .001), FeNO (P < .01), and increase in HDM-specific IgE (P < .05), FEV1 (P < .001) and improvement of clinical symptom scores, when compared to pharmacotherapy. The change in FEV1 correlated with the changes in serum periostin (r = .696, P < .001) and the changes in FeNO (r = .682, P < .001). The independent predictor of improvement in airflow limitation was changed in serum periostin (r2 = .753, P = .013) and FeNO (P = .038). Based on cut-off values derived by receiver operating characteristic analysis (periostin 30.9 ng/mL, FeNO 28.0 ppb), patients were distinguished responders from non-responders, but with no predictive value for blood eosinophils or total IgE. The proportion of patients with both high periostin and FeNO levels was significantly higher in responder than in non-responder (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adding HDM SLIT to pharmacotherapy resulted in reduced serum periostin and FeNO, and improved pulmonary function. Serum periostin and FeNO may be useful biomarkers for prediction of SLIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hoshino
- Division of Clinical Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Kenta Akitsu
- Department of Radiology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Radiology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Junichi Ohtawa
- Department of Radiology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
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De novo sensitization during subcutaneous allergen specific immunotherapy - an analysis of 51 cases of SCIT and 33 symptomatically treated controls. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6048. [PMID: 32269269 PMCID: PMC7142136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beneficial implementation of allergen specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), there are only a few studies on the risk of SCIT-induced neosensitizations. In 51 patients, we retrospectively analyzed sIgE and sIgG patterns by a multiplex ELISA as well as demographic and clinical features before and after SCIT. 33 allergic patients, who only received symptomatic treatment, served as controls. In 12 of 51 SCIT-treated patients (24%), we found new sIgE against allergen components of the allergen source treated by SCIT; eight of them were adults. Among controls, no adult patient showed neosensitization to components of the primarily affected allergen source. Only two children of the control group were affected by neosensitization, which was limited to major allergen components and rarely accompanied by sIgG. In the SCIT-treated group, neosensitization affected major and minor allergen components, and was accompanied by a strong induction of sIgG against major components. A clear clinical predictor of neosensitization during SCIT was not found. Comparing symptom scores, patients seem to profit more from SCIT, if neosensitization remained absent. Patients undergoing SCIT might carry an enhanced risk of neosensitization towards formerly unrecognized allergen components. According to anamnestic data, these neosensitizations might be of clinical relevance - supporting attempts towards personalized recombinant vaccines.
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Matricardi PM, Dramburg S, Potapova E, Skevaki C, Renz H. Molecular diagnosis for allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 143:831-843. [PMID: 30850070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of allergen molecules in birth cohort studies revealed that atopic sensitization is a sequential IgE response to distinct non-cross-reacting molecules from the same allergenic source (ie, molecular spreading), starting with an initiator molecule. This phenomenon reaches different degrees of progression (monomolecular, oligomolecular, and polymolecular) according to the individual atopic propensity and allergen exposure, thus producing an extreme heterogeneity of IgE sensitization profiles in patient populations. In patients with allergic rhinitis, the broader the IgE molecular sensitization profile, the greater is the risk of asthma and other allergic comorbidities, such as oral allergy syndrome. Hence it has been proposed to anticipate immunologic intervention at disease onset (early allergen immunotherapy) or even earlier during the preclinical sensitization stage (allergen immunoprophylaxis). Diagnostic algorithms based on singleplex or multiplex molecular IgE tests allow the discrimination of genuine from cross-reacting sensitization and the selection of the right extracts for allergen immunotherapy composition. Patients with extreme molecular poly-sensitization and greater risk of asthma or other IgE-mediated comorbidities, can be easily identified by means of allergen microarray or macroarray procedures and might benefit from anti-IgE treatment. IgE molecular tests have opened the era of precision allergology, and their routine use should aim at cost-effectiveness, according to the principles of the Choosing Wisely initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Allergen-specific IgE: comparison between skin prick test and serum assay in real life. Allergol Select 2019; 3:9-14. [PMID: 32176225 PMCID: PMC7066680 DOI: 10.5414/alx01891e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common sensitizing allergens in in the area of Liguria region (Northwestern Italy) are pollens, mainly Parietaria and cypress, house dust mites, i.e. Dermatophagoides, and pets. IgE assessment is a crucial step in allergy diagnosis. It may be performed by skin prick test (SPT) or serum IgE (sIgE) assay. Therefore, this study compared these two methods in a real-life setting. METHODS This retrospective study included 793 subjects, who were referred to the Allergy Department for respiratory allergy during 2014. Inclusion criteria were i) documented diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR), and/or allergic asthma, and/or allergic conjunctivitis. SPT and sIgE assay were performed for 5 allergens, such as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D1), cat (E1), Parietaria officinalis (W19), cypress (T23), and dog (E5), as they are the most common in our geographic area. RESULTS Using a positive SPT result as the target condition, remarkably high and statistically significant values of AUC, ranging from 0.84 to 0.94, were found. On the basis of the Youden index the following optimal classification threshold values were also computed: D1 = 0.22, E1 = 0.26, W19 = 0.61, T23 = 0.25, E5 = 0.34. These values allowed to define a set of sensitivity/specifity estimates ranging from 0.75 to 0.93 and from 0.83 to 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that SPT and sIgE are two tests that are rather concordant, but with different sensitivity and specificity distinct for each allergen. In clinical practice, both tests should be used depending on clinical history features and obtained findings.
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Huang Z, Zou X, Chen H, Liao C, Hu H, Luo W, Sun B. Identifying Potential Co-Sensitization and Cross-Reactivity Patterns Based on Component-Resolved Diagnosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 181:81-93. [PMID: 31770759 DOI: 10.1159/000504320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-Resolved diagnosis (CRD) can help to establish immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profiles and potential risks and determines whether specific IgE is the result of primary sensitization or cross-reactivity, especially for those who are polysensitized. METHODS We recruited 432 patients with mite-sensitized respiratory allergic diseases to study the co-sensitization and cross-reactivity of the 17 allergen components in Guangdong Province, China, using the CRD method and to describe the potential association between allergen components. RESULTS Among the 432 patients, serum specific immunoglobulin E of the 17 components were tested by EUROIMMUN system. Der p 1 (81.48%), Der f 2 (77.78%), Der f 1 (74.07%), Der p 2 (66.20%) and Der p 23 (54.63%) were the main sensitized components in patients with mite-sensitized respiratory allergy, while the components of cockroach, crab, and shrimp had a lower positive rate. In the crude extract allergen-positive samples, Der f 2 (91.06%) and Der f 1 (86.72%) were the major sensitized components of Der f, while Der p 1 (94.52%), Der p 2 (78.36%), Der p 23 (63.29%) were the major sensitized components of Der p, And other components of Der p such as Der p 7 (34.25%), Der p 5 (17.81%), Der p 10 (12.05%), Der p 3 (1.92%) were all below 50.00%. Blo t 5 (54.55%) was one of the major components of Blo t. The positive rates of all Bla g components were as follows, rBla g 2 (15.56%) >rBla g 5 (8.89%) >rBla g 4 (4.44%) >rBla g 1 (1.11%). The positive rate of the only available pen a 1 component was 9.43%. Using hierarchical cluster and optimal scale analysis, 17 components can be roughly divided into 5 different sensitization clusters. Also, from the results of the Venn diagram, the allergen component in each cluster has a high proportion of co-sensitization and cross-reactivity. Regardless of age, total IgE levels, and disease type factors, similar sensitization profiles were observed for each component in the same category based on hierarchical clustering analysis. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological data on allergen components causing allergic symptoms can be further understood using CRD. Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 23, Der f 1, Der f 2 as the primary sensitizing component of the study cohort. The positive rate for Blo t 5 was 28.01% for all populations and 54.45% for Blo t-positive samples. In addition, CRD allows us to identify more potential allergen associations such as common sensitivities and cross-reactions between component proteins. Based on these results, we suggest that when patients are identified as sensitized to a particular allergen, clinicians can pay more attention to other allergy components that are closely related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Zou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haisheng Hu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
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Brusca I, Barrale M, Onida R, La Chiusa SM, Gjomarkaj M, Uasuf CG. The extract, the molecular allergen or both for the in vitro diagnosis of peach and peanut sensitization? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Evaluation of a new multiplex assay for allergy diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Evaluation of major mite allergens from European standardized commercial extracts for in vivo diagnosis: addressing the need for precision medicine. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:14. [PMID: 30891182 PMCID: PMC6388485 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin prick testing is the first-line interventional method to diagnose IgE mediated allergic diseases. Methodological differences in manufacturing processes and extract standardization may lead to variations in the reagent quality and potency. The current study evaluates sixteen commercially available Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis extracts for allergy diagnosis from different European manufacturers regarding allergen composition and content and whether these differences could influence their biological activity. Methods Mite-allergic subjects (n = 21) were skin-tested with the extracts and studied for immunoglobulin E reactivity. Nine extracts from D. pteronyssinus and seven from B. tropicalis were analysed for total protein content by Bradford and ELISA double sandwich was used to quantify specific antibodies for D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis major allergens from nine different manufacturers. Results Mite extracts showed a 10–60 fold variation regarding the total protein content. The contents of the major allergens of D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis differed considerably (30–53 fold change) among the extracts. Blo t 5 was quantitatively present in < 50% of the of the B. tropicalis reagents and could not be clearly detected by immunoblotting in the majority of the B. tropicalis commercial extracts. Conclusions Certain natural D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis extracts lack important allergens showing a considerable variability in composition and content. A closer collaboration among clinicians, allergen manufacturing companies and regulatory agencies to improve the quality and consistency of D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis extracts is warranted to achieve a more precise diagnosis and treatment of house dust mite allergy.
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Matricardi PM, Dramburg S, Skevaki C, Renz H. "Molecular extracts" for allergy diagnostics and therapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:55-58. [PMID: 30697871 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Zhernov Y, Elisyutina O, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Namazova-Baranova L, Wang JY, Pawankar R, Khaitov M. Allergen Extracts for In Vivo Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergy: Is There a Future? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1845-1855.e2. [PMID: 30297269 PMCID: PMC6390933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, in vivo allergy diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are still based on allergen extracts obtained from natural allergen sources. Several studies analyzing the composition of natural allergen extracts have shown severe problems regarding their quality such as the presence of undefined nonallergenic materials, contaminants as well as high variabilities regarding contents and biological activity of individual allergens. Despite the increasing availability of sophisticated analytical technologies, these problems cannot be overcome because they are inherent to allergen sources and methods of extract production. For in vitro allergy diagnosis problems related to natural allergen extracts have been largely overcome by the implementation of recombinant allergen molecules that are defined regarding purity and biological activity. However, no such advances have been made for allergen preparations to be used in vivo for diagnosis and therapy. No clinical studies have been performed for allergen extracts available for in vivo allergy diagnosis that document safety, sensitivity, and specificity of the products. Only for very few therapeutic allergen extracts state-of-the-art clinical studies have been performed that provide evidence for safety and efficacy. In this article, we discuss problems related to the inconsistent quality of products based on natural allergen extracts and share our observations that most of the products available for in vivo diagnosis and AIT do not meet the international standards for medicinal products. We argue that a replacement of natural allergen extracts by defined recombinantly produced allergen molecules and/or mixtures thereof may be the only way to guarantee the supply of clinicians with state-of-the-art medicinal products for in vivo diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yury Zhernov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy and Immunology Research (ACIR), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University (Hospital), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Yang Y, Zhu R, Huang N, Li W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Yang L. The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Molecular Sensitization Profile of Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Central China. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:397-403. [PMID: 30001632 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418787116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background House dust mites (HDMs) are the major aeroallergens in patients with rhinitis and/or asthma in China. However, the molecular sensitization of HDM is varied in different regions. Objective To investigate the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( Der p) molecular sensitization profile of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in Central China. Methods AR patients with positive skin prick tests to Der p were enrolled in our study. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for Der p, Dermatophagoides farinae ( Der f), Acarus siro ( Aca s), Blomia tropicalis ( Blo t), and Der p components Der p1, Der p2, and Der p10 were measured in all patients. Results A total of 130 patients were included. The overall prevalence of positive serum sIgE was 99.2% for Der p, 98.5% for Der f, 81.5% for Aca s, 83.1% for Blo t, 71.5% for Der p1, 64.6% for Der p2, and 11.5% for Der p10. HDM-AR patients with asthma displayed significantly higher concentrations of sIgE to Der p, Der f, Der p1, and Der p2 than did those without asthma ( P < .001). The prevalence of asthma in HDM-AR patients was higher among the patients sensitized to both Der p1 and Der p2 (62.8%) than those sensitized to only 1 allergen ( Der p1 26.7% or Der p2 16.7%; P < .05) or nonsensitized to Der p1 and Der p2 (19.4%; P < .001). Conclusion Der p has high cross-reactivity with other mite species. Der p1 and Der p2 are the major components to induce Der p sensitization among AR patients in Central China. Sensitization to both Der p1 and Der p2 may be a risk factor for developing asthma in HDM-AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshi Yang
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Huang
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- 1 Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fanuel S, Tabesh S, Rajani HF, Heidari S, Sadroddiny E, Kardar GA. Decorating and loading ghosts with allergens for allergen immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2428-2433. [PMID: 28934008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1365208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25% of the global population has IgE mediated allergic diseases. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only available form of treatment that alters the underlying mechanism of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. AIT is aimed at desensitizing allergic individuals by repeatedly administering disease-causing allergens over a long period of time. Despite its proven efficacy in numerous clinical trials, the effectiveness of AIT still suffers some drawbacks due to the quality of allergens used and in particular the unavailability of efficient allergen delivery systems. Several studies have demonstrated that bacterial ghosts (BG) systems can be used to display and deliver antigens to their targets for the management of diseases. However, there is no report documenting the use of BG systems for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated diseases so far. Thus, in this review, we intend to discuss the potentialities of BG systems for displaying and delivering allergens for future management of IgE-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwe Fanuel
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeideh Tabesh
- c Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Huda Fatima Rajani
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sahel Heidari
- d Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Panzner P, Vachová M, Vlas T, Vítovcová P, Brodská P, Malý M. Cross-sectional study on sensitization to mite and cockroach allergen components in allergy patients in the Central European region. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:19. [PMID: 29881542 PMCID: PMC5985581 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The major sources of allergens in the indoor air include house dust mites, dander derived from domestic animals and rodents, cockroach, and several fungi. Mites are the main cause of allergies in some countries with a warmer climate, but the epidemiological significance of mite and cockroach allergens in Central Europe has not been established yet. Methods We assessed sensitization profiles of allergy patients in a Central European region in regard to sensitization to mites and cockroach. We used molecular diagnosis by means of the microarray ISAC, and we investigated 1766 patients with clinical suspicion to an allergic disorder. 1255 of them were positive to at least one allergen component, and this group was subjected to statistical analysis. Results The sensitization to at least one mite-specific molecule (Der p 1, 2, Der f 1, 2) was observed relatively frequently in 32.7% of patients. Specific IgE to mite group 2 molecules is almost fully cross-reactive. Group 1 allergens are also cross-reactive, but in some patients, a species-specific response was observed. Relatively high rate of sensitization both to group 1 and 2 allergens in our patients indicates the greater role of co-sensitizations. Isolated sensitizations to molecules derived from glyciphagid mites Lep d 2 and/or Blo t 5 without sensitization to other mite-derived molecules were observed only exceptionally (in 0.6% of cases). True sensitization to at least one cockroach-specific molecule (Bla g 1, 2, 5) was very rare (in 0.6% of cases), and nearly all of them were co-sensitizations with other noncockroach-derived molecules. Sensitization to an inhaled tropomyosin was observed rarely in 2.2% of patients (Der p 10 in 1.9% and Bla g 7 in 1.5%). Co-sensitization of inhaled tropomyosins with the respective mite- or cockroach-specific molecules was observed only in the minority of patients suggesting the different route of sensitization being more frequent. Conclusions The majority of patients are co-sensitized to several molecules of the respective allergen source. The knowledge of this molecular spectrum of sensitization is important for optimal diagnosis and treatment in respect to allergen content in mite extracts used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In regard to the sensitization patterns of Central European patients, it is necessary to point out the importance of quantifying at least three major mite components Der f 1, Der p 1 and Der f 2 (or Der p 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Panzner
- 1Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vachová
- 1Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vlas
- 2Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vítovcová
- 2Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brodská
- 3Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- 4The National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ekici NY, Görgülü O, Yucel G, Külahcı Ö, Arıkan OK, Durmaz C. Can the number of eosinophils in adenoid and tonsil tissue determine the allergy in children? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 108:35-39. [PMID: 29605362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous reports have indicated the association of allergy with Waldeyer's ring. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the correlation between the allergy and the number of eosinophils in the adenoid and tonsil tissue. METHODS 101 children who were underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were prospectively enrolled in this study. 46 children who had positive skin-prick test for at least one of the allergen panel were sensitized and 55 children were nonsensitized as a result of skin-prick test. Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were examined under 400× magnification in a blinded fashion in 10 random sections for all samples and compared the groups. RESULTS The number of eosinophils in adenoid and tonsil tissue was significantly higher in sensitized patients. The number of eosinophils in the adenoid and tonsil samples also were interrelated too (p < 0.001, kappa coefficient: 0.617). As a result of ROC analysis, patients with a cut-off of ≥5 eosinophils was in the sensitized group for adenoid samples [Sensitivity value: 72.09 and specifity value: 91.84]. Patients with a cut-off of ≥3 eosinophils are in the sensitized group for tonsil samples [Sensitivity value: 52.94 and specifity value: 92.11]. CONCLUSION Presence of sensitization can be distinguished by looking at the number of eosinophils in the adenoid and tonsil tissue. It can be used to determine whether the patient is allergic or not. Examination of the routine hematoxylin-eosin stained adenotonsillary specimen for eosinophilia will guide us the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and also reduce the cost considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Yucel Ekici
- Health Science University, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adana, Turkiye.
| | - Orhan Görgülü
- Health Science University, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Gül Yucel
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gaziantep, Turkiye
| | - Özgür Külahcı
- Health Science University, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Osman Kürşat Arıkan
- Health Science University, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Cemile Durmaz
- Health Science University, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Adana, Turkiye
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29
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Flicker S, Linhart B, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Eckl-Dorna J, Lupinek C, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Garib V, Khaitov M, Valent P, Pickl WF. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:195-256. [PMID: 29731005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immune disorder. More than 30% of the population suffer from symptoms of allergy which are often severe, disabling, and life threatening such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Population-based birth cohort studies show that up to 60% of the world population exhibit IgE sensitization to allergens, of which most are protein antigens. Thirty years ago the first allergen-encoding cDNAs have been isolated. In the meantime, the structures of most of the allergens relevant for disease in humans have been solved. Here we provide an update regarding what has been learned through the use of defined allergen molecules (i.e., molecular allergology) and about mechanisms of allergic disease in humans. We focus on new insights gained regarding the process of sensitization to allergens, allergen-specific secondary immune responses, and mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation and discuss open questions. We then show how molecular forms of diagnosis and specific immunotherapy are currently revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients and how allergen-specific approaches may be used for the preventive eradication of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch-Marat
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Spiric J, Reuter A, Rabin RL. Mass spectrometry to complement standardization of house dust mite and other complex allergenic extracts. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 47:604-617. [PMID: 28370618 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the US Food and Drug Administration regulates biologics used for diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. The Code of Federal Regulations 21CFR680.3(e) states that when measured, the potency of an allergenic extract is assessed according to its allergenic activity. As of 2016, 19 allergenic extracts are standardized for potency in the United States. While these standardized extracts constitute a minority of those available, they treat the most prevalent allergies (e.g. grass and ragweed pollens, dust mites, and cat) and those that induce life-threatening anaphylaxis (e.g. Hymenoptera venom). Standardization for potency enhances safety and efficacy of immunotherapy by minimizing the risks of variations in allergen dosing when switching from one lot of manufactured extract to another, and by providing an objective measure of stability of each lot of allergenic extract over time. Allergenic extracts that have multiple immunodominant allergenic proteins are standardized with little or no information about compositional differences among extracts. Here, we propose application of mass spectrometry towards measurement of compositional differences among extracts that may affect the efficacy and safety of allergen immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss of house dust mite allergen extracts as a prototypical complex extract that may be standardized by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spiric
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - A Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - R L Rabin
- Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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31
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Becker S, Gröger M, Jakob T, Klimek L. Nutzen der molekularen Allergiediagnostik bei der allergischen Rhinitis. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-017-1482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Posa D, Hofmaier S, Arasi S, Matricardi PM. Natural Evolution of IgE Responses to Mite Allergens and Relationship to Progression of Allergic Disease: a Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:28. [PMID: 28429303 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergenic molecules of the house dust mite (HDM) are crucially important indoor allergens, contributing to allergic rhinitis and asthma around the globe. In the past years, recombinant molecules for diagnostics opened new pathways to investigate individual sensitization profiles and new chances for the prevention and treatment of HDM allergy. This review summarizes the latest findings on the evolution of IgE responses towards mite allergens. RECENT FINDINGS Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies confirmed the role of Der p 1 and Der p 2 as major allergenic proteins of the HDM. A newly identified player is the major allergen Der p 23. Apart from identifying the early sensitization towards this molecule as a risk factor for asthma in school age, a recent longitudinal study described sensitization patterns showing that the production of IgE usually starts towards a group of initiator proteins and may stay monomolecular or expand to an oligo- or even polymolecular stage. This phenomenon also correlates to clinical symptoms. A relation between a broad sensitization pattern and symptom severity has also been shown cross-sectionally. Individual sensitization profiles towards HDM allergens provide important information to evaluate a patient's current stage and risk for clinical symptoms. This knowledge paves the way for an early and adequate prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Posa
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology & Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hofmaier
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology & Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology & Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology & Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Rombauts S, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Dietary shifts have consequences for the repertoire of allergens produced by the European house dust mite. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:272-280. [PMID: 28429373 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Products manufactured from mass-cultured house dust mites, currently commercialized for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy, are heterogeneous in terms of allergen composition and thus present concerns to regulatory authorities. The most abundant species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae), produces 19 allergenic proteins. Many of these are putatively involved in mite digestive physiology and metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mite-rearing media on allergen production. Mites were adapted to feed on culture media supplemented with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or beard shavings, and collected to quantify major allergens (Der p 1 and 2) by immunodetection, transcription of allergen genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and allergen-related enzymatic activities. All culture media significantly affected the content of major allergens. Modification of macronutrients in the diet produced minor effects on the transcription of allergen genes, but significantly altered mite allergen-related activities. The most remarkable impacts were detected in mites feeding on beard shavings and were reflected in reductions in the content of major allergens, alterations in the transcription of nine allergen genes, and changes in eight allergen-related activities. These results demonstrate the importance of culture media to the quality and consistency of mite extracts used for pharmaceuticals, and highlight the need to further elucidate allergen production by mites in the laboratory and in domestic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vidal-Quist
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Ortego
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rombauts
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Castañera
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Hernández-Crespo
- Laboratory of Insect-Plant Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Wanandy T, Dwyer HE, McLean L, Davies NW, Nichols D, Gueven N, Brown SGA, Wiese MD. Factors influencing the quality ofMyrmecia pilosula(Jack Jumper) ant venom for use in in vitro and in vivo diagnoses of allergen sensitization and in allergen immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1478-1490. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Wanandy
- Jack Jumper Allergy Program; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Department of Pharmacy; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - H. E. Dwyer
- Jack Jumper Allergy Program; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - L. McLean
- Jack Jumper Allergy Program; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - N. W. Davies
- Central Science Laboratory; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - D. Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - N. Gueven
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - S. G. A. Brown
- Jack Jumper Allergy Program; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Ambulance Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - M. D. Wiese
- Jack Jumper Allergy Program; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tas. Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
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Tosca MA, Silvestri M, Olcese R, Pistorio A, Rossi GA, Ciprandi G. The impact of age on serum allergen-specific IgE to inhaled molecular components. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:265-271. [PMID: 28153352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory allergy is characterised by an IgE-mediated reaction. The immune system functions, including IgE production, progressively decline over time, such as growing up and ageing. Molecular-based allergy diagnostic defines sensitisation profile. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of age on serum allergen-specific IgE to molecular component levels in a large sample of subjects. METHODS Serum IgE to: Phl p1, Bet v1, Ole e1, Cup a1, Par j2, Can f1, Der p2, and Fel d1 were assessed by ISAC method. Sera from 2788 patients, 1230 males (44.1%) and 1558 females (55.9%), median age 23 years (1st and 3rd quartiles: 9.7-49.7 years; age range: 1 month-103 years) were analysed. RESULTS The number of positive tests (i.e. sensitisation) tended to increase between birth and school-age till young adulthood and then decreased (p<0.0001) with the exception of Fel d 1 (p=0.14). A similar age-dependent trend was observed considering the levels of each allergen components: the levels of each allergen component, with the exception of Fel d 1, tended to increase till early adulthood and then to decrease reaching the lowest levels in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Allergen-specific IgE production to inhaled molecular components trend to reduce with ageing, but with differences between allergens. This phenomenon should be adequately evaluated managing allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tosca
- Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Silvestri
- Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Olcese
- Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Pistorio
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Service, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - G A Rossi
- Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Ciprandi
- Internal Medicine Department, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Ciprandi G, Comite P, Bruzzone M, Fontana V. Can pan-allergens affect the sensitization pattern? Immunobiology 2017; 222:726-729. [PMID: 28159395 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Santos da Silva E, Asam C, Lackner P, Hofer H, Wallner M, Silva Pinheiro C, Alcântara-Neves NM, Ferreira F. Allergens of Blomia tropicalis: An Overview of Recombinant Molecules. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 172:203-214. [PMID: 28456805 PMCID: PMC5472214 DOI: 10.1159/000464325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are considered a major problem for healthcare systems in both developed and developing countries. House dust mites are well-known triggers of allergic manifestations. While the Dermatophagoides genus is widely distributed globally, Blomia tropicalis is the most prominent mite species in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Over the last decades, an increase in sensitization rates to B. tropicalis has been reported, leading to increased research efforts on Blomia allergens. In fact, 8 new allergens have been identified and characterized to different degrees. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments concerning the identification and production of recombinant Blomia allergens, as well as their structural and immunological characterization. Although considerable progress has been achieved, detailed molecule-based studies are still needed to better define the clinical relevance of Blomia allergens. Thus, the establishment of a well-standardized and fully characterized panel of allergens remains a challenge for the development of better diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases induced by B. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Recife, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Lackner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heidi Hofer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Recife, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcântara-Neves
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Recife, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Recife, Brazil
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Corsico AG, De Amici M, Ronzoni V, Giunta V, Mennitti MC, Viscardi A, Marseglia GL, Ciprandi G. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and allergic rhinitis severity. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2017; 8:1-4. [PMID: 28381320 PMCID: PMC5380446 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2017.8.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder. The diagnosis is based on the concordance between allergy sensitization and history. Serum allergen specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) assessment allows characterization of the relevant sensitizing allergens. Presently, Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification subdivides AR based on symptoms severity and duration. However, the relationship between sIgE levels and symptom severity is still a matter of debate. Objective: Therefore, this study aimed at relating sIgE levels with symptom severity assessed by ARIA classification in a group of patients with AR. Methods: We enrolled 217 patients with AR (123 women; median age, 39.5 years). The sIgE levels (expressed in kUA/L) to house-dust mite were detected by the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay in peripheral blood samples. The IgE calibrators were traceable to the second international reference preparation 75/502 of human serum IgE from the World Health Organization. Symptom severity was assessed by ARIA classification. Results: We found a significant difference in sIgE levels in patients with mild intermittent versus mild persistent symptoms (p < 0.05), mild intermittent versus moderate-to-severe persistent symptoms (p < 0.001), moderate-to-severe intermittent versus moderate-to-severe persistent symptoms (p < 0.01), and mild persistent versus moderate-to-severe persistent symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Analysis of these findings indicated that the sIgE level to house-dust mite might be a reliable biomarker for symptom severity in patients with AR. This outcome might be clinically relevant, particularly in candidates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo G. Corsico
- From the Division of Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara De Amici
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy, and
| | - Vanessa Ronzoni
- From the Division of Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vania Giunta
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy, and
| | - Maria Chiara Mennitti
- From the Division of Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Viscardi
- From the Division of Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Internal Medicine Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino—Istituto Scientifico Tumori (IST), Genoa, Italy
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Quality control of house dust mite extracts by broad-spectrum profiling of allergen-related enzymatic activities. Allergy 2017; 72:425-434. [PMID: 27460687 DOI: 10.1111/all.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy against mites is based on complex extracts from large-scale cultures. However, the analysis of their composition using specific antibodies is limited. By taking advantage of the prevailing enzymatic nature of mite allergens, we have developed a broad-spectrum biochemical method for the standardization of native mite products. METHODS Microplate-based assays have been implemented for thirteen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus enzymatic activities, associated with Der p 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 15 and 20 allergens. The dynamics of these activities along culture growth, and their profile in purified fractions (bodies and faeces) and international reference standards (WHO/IUIS, two CBER/FDA), have been characterized. The stability of enzymatic activities and major allergens under stress conditions (40°C) has been assessed in the presence/absence of specific protease inhibitors. RESULTS The analysis of enzymatic activities revealed distinct profiles along culture growth and between fractions (bodies and faeces). Remarkable differences were found when comparing international reference standards, being consistent with their source material (purified bodies or whole cultures). After 72 h at 40°C, only trypsin and alpha-amylase maintained high activity. Notably, the prominent role of trypsins in the hydrolytic degradation of major allergens is demonstrated by the use of inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Our method offers a robust approach to assess the complexity of mite extracts and highlights the critical importance of source materials for the composition and stability of finished products. The implementation of this approach in industry-based quality control procedures would contribute to the standardization of allergenic extracts used for diagnosis and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Vidal-Quist
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto; Departamento de Biología Medioambiental; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - F. Ortego
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto; Departamento de Biología Medioambiental; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - P. Castañera
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto; Departamento de Biología Medioambiental; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - P. Hernández-Crespo
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto; Departamento de Biología Medioambiental; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC; Madrid Spain
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Tosca M, Silvestri M, Olcese R, Sacco O, Pistorio A, Rossi G, Ciprandi G. Allergen-specific IgE to food molecular components and age: From early childhood to adulthood. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:87-92. [PMID: 27720248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory allergy is characterised by an IgE-mediated reaction. The immune system functions, including IgE production, progressively decline over time with growing up and ageing. Molecular-based allergy diagnostic defines sensitisation profile. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of age on serum allergen-specific IgE to molecular component levels in a large sample of subjects. METHODS Serum IgE to: rCor a11, rPru p3, nJug r3, rAra h8, rGly m4, rCor a8, nPen m1, nAct d8, Bos d 8, and nGal d2 were assessed by ISAC method. Sera from 2795 patients, 1234 males (44.1%) and 1561 females (55.9%), median age 23 years (1st and 3rd quartiles: 9.7-43.7 years; age range: 1 month-103 years) were analysed. RESULTS The number of positive tests (i.e. sensitisation) tended to increase between birth and school-age until young adulthood and then decreased. A similar age-dependent trend was observed considering the levels of each allergen components: the levels of each allergen component tended to increase until early adulthood, but Gal d 2 and Bos d 8 (rapidly diminishing), and then to decrease over time. However, the pattern is significantly dependent on each single tested food. CONCLUSIONS Allergen-specific IgE production to food molecular components tend to reduce with ageing, but with differences between allergens. This phenomenon should be adequately evaluated managing allergic patients.
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Cardona V, Luengo O, Labrador-Horrillo M. Immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis and lower airway outcomes. Allergy 2017; 72:35-42. [PMID: 27439141 DOI: 10.1111/all.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis and asthma constitute two clinical expressions of a single-condition, respiratory allergy. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a form of treatment specifically aimed at modifying the response to sensitizing allergens. The inherent potential benefit of AIT is the simultaneous treatment of all clinical expressions of respiratory allergy. Current data support the effectiveness of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in rhinitis. Studies also provide proof for a beneficial effect in allergic asthma. Even more, substantial evidence points to the preventive effect on the progression from rhinitis to asthma. Despite the current knowledge on the basic mechanisms underlying the immunological effect of AIT is vast, the specific mechanisms for the preventive effect of primary sensitization or new sensitizations are poorly understood. This review aimed to provide a critical overview of the current knowledge on the effectiveness of AIT and its potential role in secondary prevention of respiratory allergy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Cardona
- Allergy Section; Department of Internal Medicine; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
- Allergy Research Group; Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - O. Luengo
- Allergy Section; Department of Internal Medicine; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
- Allergy Research Group; Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Labrador-Horrillo
- Allergy Section; Department of Internal Medicine; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
- Allergy Research Group; Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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López-Matas MA, de Larramendi CH, Moya R, Sánchez-Guerrero I, Ferrer A, Huertas AJ, Flores I, Navarro LA, García-Abujeta JL, Vicario S, Andreu C, Peña M, Carnés J. In vivo diagnosis with purified tropomyosin in mite and shellfish allergic patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 116:538-43. [PMID: 27132158 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropomyosin is the most studied shellfish allergen and has been involved in cross-reactivity among different invertebrates (crustacean, mollusks, mites, insects, and nematodes). OBJECTIVE To determine the relevance of tropomyosin in mite- and shellfish-sensitized patients using tropomyosin skin testing. METHODS Patients were divided into 3 groups: group M included mite allergic patients (ie, individuals with respiratory symptoms and a positive result on skin prick testing [SPT] to house dust mites), group S included shellfish allergic patients (ie, individuals who reported symptoms with shellfish), and group MS included mite- and shellfish allergic patients (ie, individuals who simultaneously fulfilled the inclusion criteria for groups M and S). Tropomyosin was purified from shrimp, characterized, and used in SPT for diagnosis in the patient population. RESULTS Eight hundred fifty patients were included in the study: 790 (92.9%) in group M, 21 (2.5%) in group S, and 39 (4.6%) in group MS. Tropomyosin was purified from shrimp with a purity higher than 95%. Forty-two individuals tested positive to tropomyosin: the prevalence was 2.7% in group M, 28.6% in group S, and 38.5% in patients of group MS. Twenty-one (50%) of the tropomyosin-positive individuals had symptoms with shellfish, and 3 (14.3%) reported anaphylaxis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of tropomyosin was low in mite-sensitized patients (2.7 %) and high in shellfish allergic patients (28.6%). The higher prevalence of tropomyosin was found in patients sensitized to both mite and shellfish (38.5%). The selection of tropomyosin-sensitized patients by SPT might help in the choice of appropriate treatments or management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos H de Larramendi
- Allergy Section, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa and Centro de Especialidades Foietes, Benidorm, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Moya
- R&D Department, Laboratorios LETI S.L., Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel Ferrer
- Allergy Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Julio Huertas
- Allergy Section, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Flores
- Allergy Unit, Hospital de la Vega Baja, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis Angel Navarro
- Allergy Unit, Centro de Especialidades El Españoleto, Játiva, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Abujeta
- Allergy Section, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa and Centro de Especialidades Foietes, Benidorm, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sandra Vicario
- Allergy Section, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa and Centro de Especialidades Foietes, Benidorm, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Andreu
- Allergy Unit, Hospital de la Vega Baja, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maribel Peña
- Allergy Unit, Hospital de la Vega Baja, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Carnés
- R&D Department, Laboratorios LETI S.L., Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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Silva ESD, Pinheiro CS, Quintella CM, Ferreira F, C Pacheco LG, Alcântara-Neves NM. Advances in patent applications related to allergen immunotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:657-68. [PMID: 27011299 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1170809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergies are among the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is used as an alternative treatment to pharmacotherapy. These immunotherapies are performed with crude extracts, which have disadvantages when compared to the new approaches, among them are recombinant proteins and hypoallergens. This review aims to assess immunotherapy for allergies through patent application analysis spanning recent decades. AREAS COVERED Patents referring to allergen immunotherapies used in allergy treatment. Data were obtained from the Espacenet® website, using the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) system. Two-hundred-and-one patent applications were analyzed, taking into consideration their classification by the type of technology and applicant. EXPERT OPINION Allergen-specific immunotherapy represents the only potentially curative therapeutic intervention for the treatment of allergic diseases. The extract-based immunotherapy is being replaced by the use of recombinant allergens, highlighting the hypoallergenic forms, which have low IgE-binding while retaining T-cell reactivity. It is expected that the development of hypoallergens will expand the scope of allergen-specific immunotherapy, especially if associated with alternative systems for expression and delivery systems with future potential. Furthermore, these new developments will likely address the problem of long-term protocols in allergen-specific immunotherapy, thus allowing better patient adherence and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Santos da Silva
- a Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - ICS , Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) , Universidade Estadual do Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- a Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - ICS , Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil
| | | | - Fatima Ferreira
- d Department of Molecular Biology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Luis Gustavo C Pacheco
- a Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - ICS , Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcântara-Neves
- a Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - ICS , Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) , Salvador , Bahia , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) , Universidade Estadual do Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
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Choi KY, Kim DY. Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 10 IgE Reactivities in Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Korea. JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.18787/jr.2016.23.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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López-Matas MA, Iraola V, Moya R, Vailes LD, Pomés A, Boquete M, Fernández-Caldas E, Arlian L, Chapman M, Carnés J. Cloning and characterization of tropomyosin from the mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:634-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moreno Benítez F, Espinazo Romeu M, Letrán Camacho A, Mas S, García‐Cózar FJ, Tabar AI. Variation in allergen content in sublingual allergen immunotherapy with house dust mites. Allergy 2015; 70:1413-20. [PMID: 26185961 PMCID: PMC5049613 DOI: 10.1111/all.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment modality which can be applied using different vaccines. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the allergen content of different house dust mites (HDM)’ sublingual treatments and to review the evidence on their efficacy. Methods Five sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) products were ordered and purchased at an ordinary pharmacy and masked for blinding before the study was started. Detection of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae allergens Der p 1, Der f 1, Der p 2 and Der f 2 was carried out by immunoblotting and fluorescent multiplex. A literature search for meta‐analyses and systematic reviews that included SLIT‐HDM products was performed. Results Der p 1 concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 14.5 μg/ml; similar figures were found for Der f 1 that ranged from 0.2 to 12.4 μg/ml. Der p 2+ Der f 2 ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 μg/ml. Data on efficacy are scarce for most of the five products. Conclusions Substantial variations regarding allergen content were found among these five SLIT‐HDM products. Therefore, it can be necessary to guarantee the quality of the SLIT‐HDM products and to demonstrate their effectiveness before they are marketed. It seems necessary, for the moment, to take into account these characteristics of the products before prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Moreno Benítez
- Lobaton Clinic S.L.P Cadiz
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
| | - M. Espinazo Romeu
- Lobaton Clinic S.L.P Cadiz
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
| | - A. Letrán Camacho
- Lobaton Clinic S.L.P Cadiz
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
| | - S. Mas
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona
| | - F. J. García‐Cózar
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology) School of Medicine University of Cadiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit Cadiz
| | - A. I. Tabar
- Allergy Department Complejo Universitario de Navarra Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Lombardero M, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Allergen expression in the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus throughout development and response to environmental conditions. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:137-146. [PMID: 25565338 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites are a major source of allergy worldwide. While diagnosis and treatment based on mite extracts have remarkably advanced, little information exists on the expression of allergens in mites. We have studied gene expression of eight Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) allergens (Der p 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 21). All allergens showed higher transcription in nymphs compared with larvae or adults, with the only exception of Der p 10. The transcription of Der p 4 and Der p 10, together with the transcription and protein ratios Der p 1 to Der p 2, were higher in males than in females. One-week exposure of mite cultures to 16 or 35 °C (versus 24 °C) or low RH (44% versus 76%) significantly influenced the allergen gene transcription profile. Our results demonstrate that allergen expression is quantitatively and/or qualitatively influenced by mite development and sex, as well as by the environment. We suggest that monitoring allergen gene expression may be a useful tool to assist the optimization of mite cultures in the production of standardized allergenic extracts for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vidal-Quist
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Erban T, Hubert J. Two-dimensional gel proteomic analysis of Dermatophagoides farinae feces. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 65:73-87. [PMID: 25100296 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophagoides farinae fecal allergens are a major source of immunogens in home environments; however, as the source of mite fecal allergen is considered spent growth medium extract that can only mimic the pure fecal extract. In this study, we prepared and using proteomic methods analyzed a D. farinae fecal extract for the first time. The preparation approach used D. farinae feces that were produced within 8 weeks of initiating cultivation in minimized growth media. The feces were collected via adhesion to the tissue culture flask surfaces after removing the SGM and mites. This study contains in-depth proteomic mapping of the allergenic isoforms from the D. farinae fecal extract. Despite extensive analysis, MALDI TOF/TOF spectrometry showed that only six proteins/allergens, Der f1, Der f2, Der f3, Der f6, Der f15 and ferritin, originated from D. farinae. No other analyzed proteins were exactly assigned to Dermatophagoides or to similar invertebrate species by sequence similarity. The remaining proteins were assigned mostly to yeasts or cereals (originally dietary proteins); however, many of the proteins were not successfully identified in the current NCBInr. The numerous dietary proteins identified in the feces suggest that these proteins remained highly stable after passing through the gut. Isoforms of the allergens Der f1, Der f3 and Der f15 were identified in more MWs indicating the presence of zymogens and active-enzyme forms. The identified fecal allergens accumulate in the environment during the life of the mite and represent quantitatively greater amounts of mite immunogens than those that were missed in the 2D-E. The results contribute to our understanding of D. farinae digestive physiology with regard to the enzymes/proteins present in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Biologically Active Substances in Crop Protection, Laboratory of Proteomics, Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106, Praha 6-Ruzyne, Czech Republic,
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Moingeon P. Progress in the development of specific immunotherapies for house dust mite allergies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1463-73. [PMID: 25187166 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.948861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is used to treat patients exposed and co-sensitized to the two common house dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. Based on seroepidemiological studies and a detailed characterization of mite allergens, an optimal immunotherapeutic product should associate extracts from the two Dermatophagoides species, and include both bodies and fecal particles. Both subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapies performed with aqueous mite extracts are safe and efficacious in children and adults with mite-induced rhinitis and/or asthma. Double-blind placebo-controlled studies are conducted to further document the efficacy of immunotherapeutic products, with promising results that were obtained already with sublingual tablets. Current developments of second-generation products relying upon recombinant allergens and peptides are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Moingeon
- Stallergenes SA, Research and Pharmaceutical Development, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92160 Antony, France
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Banerjee S, Weber M, Blatt K, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Valent P, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Conversion of Der p 23, a new major house dust mite allergen, into a hypoallergenic vaccine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4867-75. [PMID: 24733847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Der p 23, a new, major house dust mite (HDM) allergen that is recognized by >70% of HDM-allergic patients, has high allergenic activity and, therefore, must be considered an important component for HDM-specific immunotherapy. We constructed and characterized a hypoallergenic Der p 23 vaccine for HDM immunotherapy. Three nonallergenic peptides from the C-terminal IgE epitope-containing part of Der p 23 (P4, P5) and P6, a mutant peptide containing serines instead of cysteines, were identified. Peptides were fused to the hepatitis B virus-derived PreS domain as recombinant fusion proteins (i.e., PreS-2XP4P5 and PreS-4XP6) that were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Compared with Der p 23, PreS-2XP4P5 and PreS-4XP6 showed no relevant IgE reactivity and exhibited considerably reduced allergenic activity in basophil activation tests using blood from HDM-allergic patients. Upon immunization of rabbits, only PreS-2XP4P5 induced high levels of Der p 23-specific IgG Abs that inhibited binding of patients' IgE to Der p 23, comparable to IgG Abs induced with Der p 23, whereas Abs induced with PreS-4XP6 had only low blocking capacity. Additionally, IgG Abs induced with PreS-2XP4P5 inhibited Der p 23-induced basophil activation comparable to IgG Abs induced with Der p 23. Compared with Der p 23, PreS-2XP4P5 induced lower T cell proliferation but higher levels of the tolerogenic cytokine IL-10 and the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in PBMCs from HDM-allergic patients, indicating an immunomodulatory capacity of the fusion protein. Therefore, PreS-2XP4P5 represents a promising candidate for immunotherapy of HDM-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinita Banerjee
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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