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Waldherr S, Hils M, Köberle M, Brockow K, Darsow U, Blank S, Biedermann T, Eberlein B. Basophil activation in insect venom allergy: comparison of an established test using liquid reagents with a test using 5-color tubes with dried antibody reagents. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:23. [PMID: 38678193 PMCID: PMC11055254 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometry-based basophil activation tests (BAT) have been performed with various modifications, differing in the use of distinct identification and activation markers. Established tests use liquid reagents while a new development involves the use of tubes with dried antibody reagents. The aim of this pilot study was to compare these two techniques in patients with insect venom allergy. METHODS Seventeen patients with an insect venom allergy were included in the study. The established "BAT 1" utilizes conventional antibody solutions of anti-CCR3 for basophil identification and anti-CD63 to assess basophil activation, whereas "BAT 2" uses dried anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-CRTH2, anti-203c and anti-CD63 for identification and activation measurement of basophils. Negative and positive controls as well as incubations with honey bee venom and yellow jacket venom at three concentrations were performed. RESULTS Seven patients had to be excluded due to low basophil counts, high values in negative controls or negative positive controls. For the remaining 10 patients the overall mean (± SD) difference in activated basophils between the two tests was 0.2 (± 12.2) %P. In a Bland-Altman plot, the limit of agreement (LoA) ranged from 24.0 to -23.7. In the qualitative evaluation (value below/above cut-off) Cohen's kappa was 0.77 indicating substantial agreement. BAT 2 took longer to perform than BAT 1 and was more expensive. CONCLUSION The BAT 2 technique represents an interesting innovation, however, it was found to be less suitable compared to an established BAT for the routine diagnosis of insect venom allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Waldherr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Health & Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Al Shahrani M, AboHassan M, Gahtani R, Alshahrani MY, Suliman M, Ahmad I, Saeed M. High-throughput screening and in vitro evaluation of CSB-0914; a novel small molecule NF-κB inhibitor attenuating inflammatory responses through NF-κB, Nrf2 and HO-1 cross-talk. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38127429 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Unpleasant side effects of standard inflammatory drugs urges search for novel therapeutic candidates. This study aims in identifying novel anti-inflammatory NF-κB inhibitor by high-throughput computational and in-vitro pre-clinical approaches. Lead candidate selection was conducted by the use of computational docking molecular-dynamic simulations. The RBL-2H3 cell line, derived from rat basophils, was used to evaluate the release of cytokines and degranulation. The study focused on the study of neutrophil elastase and its role in cellular motility. Flow cytometry was utilized to evaluate the activation of basophils and the expression of critical signaling proteins. High throughput screening identified CSB-0914 to stably bind NF-κB-p50 subunit. Dose based loss in T NF-α and IL-2 release were observed in RBL-2H3 cells in addition to degranulation inhibition by CSB-0914. The compound demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing basophil activation assay induced by FcεRI receptors, with an IC50 value of 98.41 nM.. A dose dependent decrease in neutrophil migration and elastase were observed when treated with CSB- 0914. The compound was effective in decreasing. Upon stimulation, RBL-2H3 cells exhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB p-65 as well as upregulation of the Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Collectively, our study has successfully identified a novel inhibitor called CSB-0914 that effectively regulates inflammatory responses. These reactions are primarily mediated by the interplay between NF-κB, Nrf2, and HO-1. The findings of this study provide support for the need to conduct more research on CSB-0914 with the aim of its development as a pharmaceutical agent for anti-inflammatory purposes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad AboHassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Sonder SU, Plassmeyer M, Loizou D, Alpan O. Towards standardizing basophil identification by flow cytometry. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1133378. [PMID: 36938328 PMCID: PMC10020589 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1133378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basophils normally make up <2% of the white blood cells (WBC). There is no clear consensus for basophil identification by flow cytometry. The increased demand for basophil activation test (BAT) to identifying and monitoring allergic patients highlights the need for a standardized approach to identify basophils. Methods Using flow cytometry we analyzed whole blood stained with antibodies against: IgE, CD123, CD193, CD203c, CD3, HLADR, FcɛRI, CRTH2 and CD45. We examined unstimulated blood as well as blood stimulated with Anti-IgE and fMLP. Finally, we compared the results to a complete blood count (CBC) from an FDA approved hematological analyzer. Results Basophil identification relying on just one surface marker performed worse than approaches utilizing two identification markers. The percentage of basophils from WBC determined by flow cytometry results had a good correlation with the CBC results even though the CBC results were generally higher. Stimulating whole blood with the basophil activators did not interfere with the basophil identification markers. Conclusion In flow cytometry assays, two surface markers should be used for identifying basophils and if a very pure basophil fraction is desired a third marker can be considered. In our hands the approaches that included CD123 in combination with either CD193, HLADRnegative or FcɛRI performed the best.
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Geng S, Xie H, Chen L, Chen D, Lu S, Zhao N, Yang R, Wang Z, He S, Zhang H. Altered Expression of Substance P and NK1R in CCR3 + and CD123 +HLA-DR − Basophils Under Airway Allergic Conditions. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:687-712. [DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.6.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Geng
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of the PLA Center of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Diagnosing Management, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Sijing Lu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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Behrends J, Schwager C, Hein M, Scholzen T, Kull S, Jappe U. Innovative robust basophil activation test using a novel gating strategy reliably diagnosing allergy with full automation. Allergy 2021; 76:3776-3788. [PMID: 33973252 DOI: 10.1111/all.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy is one of the most common chronic diseases in Europe. Therefore, an increased need for specific and sensitive diagnostic tests that truly detect allergy exists. This study aimed at establishing a highly specific high-throughput and automated basophil activation test (BAT) that proves the existence of an allergy with utmost probability. METHODS BAT from 1104 samples was analyzed; a novel gating strategy with three antibodies (FcεRIα, CD203c, CD63) was established and compared with our published protocol (12 antibodies). Based on the novel gating strategy, storage conditions, automated measurement, and analyses using R (1376 samples out of 1389) were optimized to set up a high-throughput BAT. RESULTS No differences in sensitivity and specificity were found between the novel three antibody (FcεRIα, CD203c, CD63) and the 12 antibody gating strategy or between automated and manually analyzed samples (saving up to 90% of labor time). The time frame for basophil activation measurement after blood donation has been extended considerably (whole blood storage ≤7 days (RT) and 17 days (4°C) prior to BAT preparation and measurement). Respective storage conditions were optimized for samples after stimulation, staining, and preparation (≤7 days (RT) and 28 days (4°C)). These achievements were confirmed by a nationwide ring trial showing robustness and applicability of our BAT on a variety of flow cytometers. CONCLUSION Our considerable optimizations overcame the hurdles that until now prevented the BAT from being used as high-throughput allergy diagnostic test in routine laboratories and shall allow for collaborative studies between clinics and research centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Christian Schwager
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology Priority Area Asthma and Allergy Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL Borstel Germany
| | - Martina Hein
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Thomas Scholzen
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Skadi Kull
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology Priority Area Asthma and Allergy Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL Borstel Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology Priority Area Asthma and Allergy Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL Borstel Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic Department of Pneumology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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7
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Santos AF, Alpan O, Hoffmann H. Basophil activation test: Mechanisms and considerations for use in clinical trials and clinical practice. Allergy 2021; 76:2420-2432. [PMID: 33475181 DOI: 10.1111/all.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) is a functional assay that measures the degree of degranulation following stimulation with allergen or controls by flow cytometry. It correlates directly with histamine release. From the dose-response curve resulting from BAT in allergic patients, basophil reactivity (%CD63+ basophils) and basophil sensitivity (EC50 or similar) are the main outcomes of the test. BAT takes into account all characteristics of IgE and allergen and thus can be more specific than sensitization tests in the diagnosis of allergic disease. BAT reduces the need for in vivo procedures, such as intradermal tests and allergen challenges, which can cause allergic reactions of unpredictable severity. As it closely reflects the patients' phenotype in most cases, it may be used to support the diagnosis of food, venom and drug allergies and chronic urticaria, to monitor the natural resolution of food allergies and to predict and monitor clinical the response to immunomodulatory treatments, such as allergen-specific immunotherapy and biologicals. Clinical application of BAT requires analytical validation, clinical validation, standardization of procedures and quality assurance to ensure reproducibility and reliability of results. Currently, efforts are ongoing to establish a platform that could be used by laboratories in Europe and in the USA for quality assurance and certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Children's Allergy ServiceEvelina London Children's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | | | - Hans‐Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
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Iype J, Odermatt A, Bachmann S, Coeudevez M, Fux M. IL-1β promotes immunoregulatory responses in human blood basophils. Allergy 2021; 76:2017-2029. [PMID: 33544413 DOI: 10.1111/all.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human basophils are essential effector cells of chronic allergic inflammation. IL-1 family cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-1β are elevated in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic asthmatics. IL-33 is known to be a critical regulator of basophil's T2 immune responses. However, the effect of IL-1β on the function of basophils has not been well investigated. Here, we elucidate whether IL-1β regulates the function of human basophils and compared the effects of IL-1β and IL-33 on basophils of healthy and allergic subjects. We found that IL-1β activates the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and promotes IL-8 release in basophils of healthy donors, while FcεRI-mediated LCT4 and histamine secretion is not affected. Strikingly, in the presence of IL-3, IL-1β shows more potency than IL-33, as evidenced by the enhanced p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, as well as the release of both IL-13 and IL-8. We found that the enhanced basophil responsiveness is achieved through IL-3-induced IL-1RI surface expression. Importantly, basophils of allergic donors release significantly higher amounts of IL-8 compared to those from healthy donors upon IL-33 and IL-1β stimulation. Consistently, we detected increased IL-1RI and decreased IL-3 receptor alpha-chain (CD123) and CCR3 expression on basophils of allergic subjects compared to healthy controls, suggesting an in vivo IL-3 priming in allergic donors. In summary, our results suggest enhanced sensitivity of basophils toward IL-33 and IL-1β in allergic subjects compared to those from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseena Iype
- Clinical Cytomics Facility University Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern Switzerland
| | - Andrea Odermatt
- Clinical Cytomics Facility University Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern Switzerland
- University Institute of Immunology University Hospital Bern Inselspital Bern Switzerland
| | - Sofia Bachmann
- Clinical Cytomics Facility University Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern Switzerland
| | - Mazarine Coeudevez
- Clinical Cytomics Facility University Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern Switzerland
| | - Michaela Fux
- Clinical Cytomics Facility University Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern Switzerland
- University Institute of Immunology University Hospital Bern Inselspital Bern Switzerland
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Shah H, Eisenbarth S, Tormey CA, Siddon AJ. Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab008. [PMID: 35919744 PMCID: PMC9327101 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies. They are distinguishable from other leukocytes by their characteristic metachromatic deep-purple cytoplasmic, round granules. Mature basophils are phenotypically characterized by surface expression of IL-3Rα (CD123); IL-3 drives basophil differentiation, degranulation, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators including type 2 cytokines. Basophil degranulation is the predominant source of histamine in peripheral blood, promoting allergic responses. Basophils serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by secreting IL-4 which supports eosinophil migration, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, B-cell activation, and CD4 T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Further, basophilia is a key phenomenon in myeloid neoplasms, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for which it is a diagnostic criterion. Increased circulating basophils, often with aberrant immunophenotype, have been detected in patients with CML and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The significance of basophils’ immunoregulatory functions in malignant and non-malignant diseases is an active area of research. Ongoing and future research can inform the development of immunotherapies that target basophils to impact allergic, autoimmune, and malignant disease states. This review article aims to provide an overview of basophil biology, identification strategies, and roles and dysregulation in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wang L, Zhan M, Wang J, Chen D, Zhao N, Wang L, Wang W, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang H, He S. Upregulated Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 7 in Peripheral Blood Basophils of Patients With Allergic Rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 35:746-760. [PMID: 33557582 DOI: 10.1177/1945892421993034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, it has been reported that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists can improve allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms by up-regulation of Th1 cytokine release and suppression of Th2 cell functions. However, little is known of the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR. Objective To explore the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR, and influence of allergens on TLR7 expression. Methods The expression levels of TLR7 in basophils of patients with AR were determined by flow cytometry, and the influence of allergens on TLR7 expression was examined by real time (q) PCR. Results The percentages of TLR7+CCR3+ cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.011), TLR7+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P = 0 .016 and P = 0.042) and TLR7+CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.035) in blood granulocyte and mononucleated cell populations of the patients with AR were increased, respectively compared with HC subjects. TLR7 MFI on CCR3+ cells ( P = 0.050 and P = 0.043), CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) and CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.003) were enhanced compared with HC subjects. Allergens Der p1 and OVA provoked upregulation of TLR7 expression at both protein and mRNA levels and IL-13 production in KU812 cells. House Dust Mite extract (HDME), Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), IL-31, IL-33, IL-37, and TSLP provoked elevation of IL-6 release from KU812 cells following 2 h incubation period. Conclusions The percentage of TLR7+ basophils and TLR7 expression intensity in a single basophil are both increased in the blood of patients with AR, indicating that basophils likely contribute to the pathogenesis of AR via TLR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhan
- Department of Immunology, Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Immunology, Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yixia Huang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Department of Immunology, Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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Zhu DX, Li L, Xu ZQ, Zhang C, Zhang JS, Sun JL, Wei JF. Cat-NPC2, a Newly Identified Allergen, With High Cross-Reactivity to Can f 7. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:122-140. [PMID: 33191681 PMCID: PMC7680833 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pet-derived allergens are the common indoor inhalant allergens. Among them, cat and dog allergens constitute more than 80% of animal allergic patients, which greatly affect the quality-of-life of patients and increase the burden of social health care. The aim of this study was to identify Cat-Niemann pick type C2 (NPC2) protein, a homologue of Can f 7, as a new allergen. Methods Cat-NPC2 complementary DNA (cDNA) was cloned and optimized for amplification and expression in Escherichia coli. Then, recombinant Cat-NPC2 (rCat-NPC2) was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The allergenicity was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot and basophil activation test (BAT). Based on the sequence similarity, the cross-reactivity between Cat-NPC2 and Can f 7 was investigated by inhibition ELISA. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and homology modeling were used to characterize the structure of Cat-NPC2. Results The cDNA sequence of Cat-NPC2 was cloned with a 450-bp open reading frame coding for 149 amino acids (GenBank MN_737596). The condon-optimized NPC2 gene was subcloned and expressed in E. coli with a molecular weight of 18.9 kDa. The native Cat-NPC2 was detected in cat dander extracts. The allergenicity determined by ELISA, western blot and BAT suggested at least 14.5% cat-allergic patients displayed high specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) recognition of Cat-NPC2. The predicted structure of Cat-NPC2 was found to consist of 7 β-strands arranged in 2 β-sheets. An ELISA based assay showed that rCat-NPC2 bound to cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Based on the structure and sequence similarities, IgE cross-reactivity was demonstrated between Cat-NPC2 and Can f 7/Der f 2. Conclusions In the study, a novel cat allergen, belonging to the NPC2 protein family, was identified and characterized at both molecular and immunological levels. The study will offer a deeper understanding of cat allergens and improve a component-resolved diagnosis in pet allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xuan Zhu
- Women & Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Qiang Xu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Women & Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Song Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Lyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ji Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Santos AF, Bergmann M, Brough HA, Couto-Francisco N, Kwok M, Panetta V, Haddad D, Lack G, Eigenmann P, Caubet JC. Basophil Activation Test Reduces Oral Food Challenges to Nuts and Sesame. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:2016-2027.e6. [PMID: 33385591 PMCID: PMC8110244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut allergic patients are often IgE sensitized to other nuts/seeds and need multiple oral food challenges (OFCs) before the safe nuts can be introduced in the diet. However, OFCs are time-consuming and risky procedures. OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of the basophil activation test (BAT) to predict the allergic status and reduce the need for an OFC in children with 1 or more nut or seed allergies. METHODS Participants in the Pronuts study recruited at the Geneva and the London centers were tested on the BAT to hazelnut, cashew nut, sesame, almond, and peanut, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 6, using FlowCAST, a commercially available BAT kit, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The BAT to hazelnut, cashew nut, sesame, almond, and peanut discriminated between allergic and nonallergic children, to the respective nut or seed. The optimal allergen concentration and their optimal, positive, and negative cutoffs were identified for the BAT and the other tests, for each nut and seed. Using the BAT as a second step in the diagnostic process, after equivocal skin prick test and IgE to extracts and components, reduced the number of total OFCs by 5% to 15% and positive OFCs by 33% to 75% (except for hazelnut) with 0% false-negatives and a diagnostic accuracy of 96% to 100%. CONCLUSION The BAT proved to be a useful diagnostic tool, used in a stepwise approach, to predict the allergic status and reduce the number of OFCs in the Pronuts study participants with at least 1 nut allergy willing to consume selected nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marcel Bergmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natália Couto-Francisco
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Panetta
- L'altrastatistica srl, Consultancy & Training, Biostatistics Office, Rome, Italy
| | - Diab Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, St Peters' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Nowakowska K, Królewicz E, Gamian A, Barg W. Basophil activation test in allergy diagnostics. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases in Poland and in the world continues to rise in recent
years. The most commonly used methods for diagnosing IgE – dependent allergies are skin
prick testing (SPT) and assessment of specific IgE (sIgE) directed against specific allergens.
However, both methods have some disadvantages and the obtained results may be inconsistent.
In particular, routine diagnostic tests are not always effective for some drugs and foods.
Consequently, additional laboratory tools should be used. Basophil activation test (BAT)
based on flow cytometry is a promising diagnostic method. The present paper demonstrates
the usefulness and effectiveness of BAT protocols in allergy diagnosis in scientific research.
In comparison to routinely used diagnostic methods, BAT is an expensive and complicated
laboratory tool. However, it offers the possibility to efficiently and effectively recognize
allergies. Introducing BAT into routine diagnostics in allergology is problematic because this
method has not yet been standardized and validated. Therefore, there is a justified need to
continue research in this field. If standardized and validated, BAT may offer a reasonable
improvement in allergy diagnostics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowakowska
- Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Pneumonologii i Alergologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
| | - Emilia Królewicz
- Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Lekarskiej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Lekarskiej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
| | - Wojciech Barg
- Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Pneumonologii i Alergologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
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14
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Takayama Y, Akagi Y, Shibuya Y, Kida YS. Exposure to small molecule cocktails allows induction of neural crest lineage cells from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241125. [PMID: 33104750 PMCID: PMC7588063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a promising source for cell therapy and regenerative medicine owing to their multipotency, self-renewability, and capability to secrete various trophic factors. However, isolating NCCs from adult organs is challenging, because NCCs are broadly distributed throughout the body. Hence, we attempted to directly induce NCCs from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), which can be isolated easily, using small molecule cocktails. We established a controlled induction protocol with two-step application of small molecule cocktails for 6 days. The induction efficiency was evaluated based on mRNA and protein expression of neural crest markers, such as nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and sex-determining region Y-box 10 (SOX10). We also found that various trophic factors were significantly upregulated following treatment with the small molecule cocktails. Therefore, we performed global profiling of cell surface makers and identified distinctly upregulated markers, including the neural crest-specific cell surface markers CD271 and CD57. These results indicate that our chemical treatment can direct human ADSCs to developing into the neural crest lineage. This offers a promising experimental platform to study human NCCs for applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Takayama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail: (YT); (YSK)
| | - Yuka Akagi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Shibuya
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki S. Kida
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail: (YT); (YSK)
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15
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Marone G, Schroeder JT, Mattei F, Loffredo S, Gambardella AR, Poto R, de Paulis A, Schiavoni G, Varricchi G. Is There a Role for Basophils in Cancer? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2103. [PMID: 33013885 PMCID: PMC7505934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils were identified in human peripheral blood by Paul Ehrlich over 140 years ago. Human basophils represent <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During the last decades, basophils have been described also in mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys. There are many similarities, but also several immunological differences between human and mouse basophils. There are currently several strains of mice with profound constitutive or inducible basophil deficiency useful to prove that these cells have specific roles in vivo. However, none of these mice are solely and completely devoid of all basophils. Therefore, the relevance of these findings to humans remains to be established. It has been known for some time that basophils have the propensity to migrate into the site of inflammation. Recent observations indicate that tissue resident basophils contribute to lung development and locally promote M2 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that lung-resident basophils exhibit a specific phenotype, different from circulating basophils. Activated human and mouse basophils synthesize restricted and distinct profiles of cytokines. Human basophils produce several canonical (e.g., VEGFs, angiopoietin 1) and non-canonical (i.e., cysteinyl leukotriene C4) angiogenic factors. Activated human and mouse basophils release extracellular DNA traps that may have multiple effects in cancer. Hyperresponsiveness of basophils has been demonstrated in patients with JAK2V617F-positive polycythemia vera. Basophils are present in the immune landscape of human lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer and can promote inflammation-driven skin tumor growth. The few studies conducted thus far using different models of basophil-deficient mice have provided informative results on the roles of these cells in tumorigenesis. Much more remains to be discovered before we unravel the hitherto mysterious roles of basophils in human and experimental cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - John T Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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16
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Bax HJ, Chauhan J, Stavraka C, Khiabany A, Nakamura M, Pellizzari G, Ilieva KM, Lombardi S, Gould HJ, Corrigan CJ, Till SJ, Katugampola S, Jones PS, Barton C, Winship A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Basophils from Cancer Patients Respond to Immune Stimuli and Predict Clinical Outcome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071631. [PMID: 32645919 PMCID: PMC7408103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are involved in manifestations of hypersensitivity, however, the current understanding of their propensity for activation and their prognostic value in cancer patients remains unclear. As in healthy and atopic individuals, basophil populations were identified in blood from ovarian cancer patients (n = 53) with diverse tumor histologies and treatment histories. Ex vivo basophil activation was measured by CD63 expression using the basophil activation test (BAT). Irrespective of prior treatment, basophils could be activated by stimulation with IgE- (anti-FcεRI and anti-IgE) and non-IgE (fMLP) mediated triggers. Basophil activation was detected by ex vivo exposure to paclitaxel, but not to other anti-cancer therapies, in agreement with a clinical history of systemic hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel. Protein and gene expression analyses support the presence of basophils (CCR3, CD123, FcεRI) and activated basophils (CD63, CD203c, tryptase) in ovarian tumors. Greater numbers of circulating basophils, cells with greater capacity for ex vivo stimulation (n = 35), and gene signatures indicating the presence of activated basophils in tumors (n = 439) were each associated with improved survival in ovarian cancer. Circulating basophils in cancer patients respond to IgE- and non-IgE-mediated signals and could help identify hypersensitivity to therapeutic agents. Activated circulating and tumor-infiltrating basophils may be potential biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
| | - Kristina M. Ilieva
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Oncology & Haematology Clinical Trials (OHCT), Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.J.C.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Christopher J. Corrigan
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.J.C.); (S.J.T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stephen J. Till
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.J.C.); (S.J.T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sidath Katugampola
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London E20 1JQ, UK; (S.K.); (P.S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Paul S. Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London E20 1JQ, UK; (S.K.); (P.S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London E20 1JQ, UK; (S.K.); (P.S.J.); (C.B.)
- Barton Oncology Ltd., 8 Elm Avenue, Eastcote, Middlesex HA4 8PD, UK
| | - Anna Winship
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Montes
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44(0)20-7188-6355; Fax: +44(0)20-7188-8050
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17
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Dera A, Rajagopalan P, Ahmed I, Alfhili M, Alsughayyir J, Chandramoorthy HC. Thymoquinone attenuates IgE-mediated allergic response via pi3k-Akt-NFκB pathway and upregulation of the Nrf2-HO1 axis. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13216. [PMID: 32212163 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IgE-dependent reactions mediate the majority of allergic diseases. This study explores the effects of thymoquinone (Tq) on IgE-mediated allergic response in activated mast cells, basophils, and neutrophils. Tq treatment resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in levels of TNF-α and IL-4 in activated RBL-2H3 cells. Tq inhibited the degranulation of these cells with an IC50 value of 56.37 µM. Moreover, the compound suppressed basophil activation induced through FcεRI receptors with an IC50 value of 45.76 µM in heparinized human whole blood. Likewise, neutrophil migration and elastase activity were dose-dependently reduced. While Tq decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and NFκB in activated RBL-2H3 cells, it increased nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant proteins. Our results indicate that Tq possesses demonstrable activity in cellular models of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The current study sheds light on the mechanistic pathways of Tq on IgE-based response in activated mast cells, basophils, and neutrophils. The output of this preclinical in vitro study may be translated into better chemotherapeutic applications of Tq and its analogs in the treatment of allergic inflammation. However, a detailed investigation of in vivo models is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre of Advanced Materials, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Central Research Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Central Research Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Centre for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Zhao Y, Li X, Zhao W, Wang J, Yu J, Wan Z, Gao K, Yi G, Wang X, Fan B, Wu Q, Chen B, Xie F, Wu J, Zhang W, Chen F, Yang H, Wang J, Xu X, Li B, Liu S, Hou Y, Liu X. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of nucleated cells in umbilical cord blood. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz047. [PMID: 31049560 PMCID: PMC6497034 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For both pediatric and adult patients, umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant is a therapeutic option for a variety of hematologic diseases, such as blood cancers, myeloproliferative disorders, genetic diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, the level of cellular heterogeneity and diversity of nucleated cells in UCB has not yet been assessed in an unbiased and systemic fashion. In the present study, nucleated cells from UCB were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to simultaneously profile the gene expression signatures of thousands of cells, generating a rich resource for further functional studies. Here, we report the transcriptomes of 17,637 UCB cells, covering 12 major cell types, many of which can be further divided into distinct subpopulations. RESULTS Pseudotemporal ordering of nucleated red blood cells identifies wave-like activation and suppression of transcription regulators, leading to a polarized cellular state, which may reflect nucleated red blood cell maturation. Progenitor cells in UCB also comprise 2 subpopulations with activation of divergent transcription programs, leading to specific cell fate commitment. Detailed profiling of cytotoxic cell populations unveiled granzymes B and K signatures in natural killer and natural killer T-cell types in UCB. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data form a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic landscape that reveals previously unrecognized cell types, pathways, and mechanisms of gene expression regulation. These data may contribute to the efficacy and outcome of UCB transplant, broadening the scope of research and clinical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiao Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Jiawei Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ziyun Wan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kai Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Gang Yi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xie Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinkai Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Feng Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Bin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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De Amici M, Barocci F, Caimmi S, Nespoli L, Licari A, Giuliani G, Marseglia G. Clinical use of basophil activation test in drug, food and hymenoptera venom allergies. Minerva Pediatr 2019; 71:209-217. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.18.05144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Ruinemans-Koerts J, Schmidt-Hieltjes Y, Jansen A, Savelkoul HF, Plaisier A, van Setten P. The Basophil Activation Test reduces the need for a food challenge test in children suspected of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:350-356. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Schmidt-Hieltjes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology; Rijnstate Hospital; Arnhem The Netherlands
| | - Ad Jansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Huub F.J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group; Wageningen University& Research; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Annejet Plaisier
- Department of Paediatrics; Rijnstate Hospital; Arnhem The Netherlands
| | - Petra van Setten
- Department of Paediatrics; Rijnstate Hospital; Arnhem The Netherlands
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Hemmings O, Kwok M, McKendry R, Santos AF. Basophil Activation Test: Old and New Applications in Allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 30430289 PMCID: PMC6244909 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The basophil activation test (BAT) using flow cytometry has supplanted traditional methods of measuring basophil degranulation using histamine and other mediator release, and can be used for clinical applications as well as to explore the immune mechanisms of effector cell response to allergen. This review discusses the advancements made in clinical, diagnostic and laboratory research of allergy utilizing an ever-evolving BAT. RECENT FINDINGS Being an in vitro surrogate of the allergic reaction that happens in vivo in the sick patient, the BAT can be used to support the diagnosis of various allergic conditions, such as food, drug, respiratory and insect venom allergies, and the assessment of clinical response to allergen-specific immunotherapy and other immunomodulatory treatments. The BAT can also be used for research purposes to explore the mechanisms of allergy and tolerance at the level of the basophil, for instance by manipulating IgE and IgG and their receptors and by studying intracellular signalling cascade in response to allergen. This review covers the applications of the BAT to the clinical management of allergic patients and the increased understanding of the mechanisms of immune response to allergens as well as technological advancements made in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Richard McKendry
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK. .,Children's Allergies Department, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK.
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22
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Sabogal-Cuadro P, Zakzuk J. Prueba de activación de basófilos: aspectos técnicos, metodológicos y su utilidad clínica. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v66n3.61820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La prueba de activación de basófilos (PAB) se considera una técnica confiable y segura para el diagnóstico de problemas alérgicos.Objetivo. Profundizar en el estado del arte de la PAB y su utilidad clínica.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante la búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos y metabuscadores Ovid Medline, Google Scholar y PubMed, sin limitar la búsqueda por fecha, idioma o tipo de artículo. Se buscaron artículos sobre los detalles técnicos de la PAB y su utilidad clínica en el manejo de las enfermedades alérgicas.Resultados. De los marcadores de activación, CD63 ha sido el más estudiado y es el que mejor representa un evento de degranulación anafiláctica, mientras que CD203c es representativo de varias formas de degranulación. La superioridad de uno sobre otro como prueba diagnóstica depende del problema alérgico estudiado. En cuanto a los métodos de detección de basófilos, su selección con un único marcador, CCR3, se propone como una opción con buena relación de costo-efectividad.Conclusiones. La PAB es una herramienta prometedora para evaluar en clínica las reacciones alérgicas de forma segura. Es necesario una mayor estandarización de protocolos para obtener resultados más reproducibles.
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de Ruiter K, van Staveren S, Hilvering B, Knol E, Vrisekoop N, Koenderman L, Yazdanbakhsh M. A field-applicable method for flow cytometric analysis of granulocyte activation: Cryopreservation of fixed granulocytes. Cytometry A 2018. [PMID: 29533506 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation granulocytes upregulate several adhesion molecules (CD11b) and granule proteins (CD35, CD66b) and shed surface l-selectin (CD62L). These changes in expression, as assessed by flow cytometry, can be used as markers for activation. Whereas these markers are usually studied in fresh blood samples, a new method is required when samples are collected at a field site with no direct access to a flow cytometer. Therefore, we developed and tested a field-applicable method in which fixed leukocytes were cryopreserved. Using this method, the intensity of granulocyte activation markers was compared to samples that were either stained fresh, or fixed prior to staining but not cryopreserved. In addition, the response to an in vitro stimulation with fMLF was determined. While we observed differences in marker intensities when comparing fresh and fixed granulocytes, similar intensities were found between fixed cells that had been cryopreserved and fixed cells that did not undergo cryopreservation. Although fixation using FACS lysing solution might lead to membrane permeabilization, activation markers, and the responsiveness to fMLF or eotaxin could still be clearly measured. This method will, therefore, enable future studies of granulocyte activation in settings with limited resources and will allow simultaneous analysis of samples collected at different time points. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Selma van Staveren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Hilvering
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Knol
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Background For most physicians, quantification of drug-specific immunoglobulin E (drug-sIgE) antibodies constitutes the primary in vitro measure to document immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHR). Unfortunately, this is often insufficient to correctly identify patients with IgE-mediated IDHR and impossible for non-IgE-mediated IDHR that result from alternative routes of basophil and mast cell activation. In these difficult cases, diagnosis might benefit from cellular tests such as basophil activation tests (BAT). Aim The aim was to review the potential and limitations of quantification of sIgE and BAT in diagnosing IDHR. The utility of quantification of serum tryptase is discussed. Methods A literature search was conducted using the key words allergy, basophil activation, CD63, CD203c, diagnosis, drugs, hypersensitivity, flow cytometry, specific IgE antibodies; this was complemented by the authors’ own experience. Results The drugs that have been most studied with both techniques are β-lactam antibiotics and curarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). For sIgE morphine, data are available on the value of this test as a biomarker for sensitization to substituted ammonium structures that constitute the major epitope of NMBA, especially rocuronium and suxamethonium. For the BAT, there are also data on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and iodinated radiocontrast media. For β-lactam antibiotics, sensitivity and specificity of sIgE varies between 0 and 85% and 52 and 100%, respectively. For NMBA, sensitivity and specificity varies between 38.5 and 92% and 85.7 and 100%, respectively. Specific IgE to morphine should not be used in isolation to diagnose IDHR to NMBA nor opiates. For the BAT, sensitivity generally varies between 50 and 60%, whereas specificity attains 80%, except for quinolones and NSAIDs. Conclusions Although drug-sIgE assays and BAT can provide useful information in the diagnosis of IDHR, their predictive value is not absolute. Large-scale collaborative studies are mandatory to harmonize and optimize test protocols and to establish drug-specific decision thresholds.
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Simonini A, Brogi E, Gily B, Tosca M, Barbieri C, Antonini F, Del Zotto G. Anaphylactic Shock During Pediatric Anesthesia: An Unexpected Reaction to Sevoflurane. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:236. [PMID: 30246003 PMCID: PMC6137173 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During general anesthesia, while muscle relaxants, latex and antibiotics are normally considered as very common causes of anaphylactic reactions, there are no documented cases of anaphylaxis due to inhalational agents. We report the case of a 6-year-old child scheduled for adenotonsillectomy who had an anaphylactic shock reaction due to Sevoflurane. Several allergic tests were performed to detect the trigger. Drugs used during operation were tested on both patient and three matched controls. While controls were negative, the patient displayed a positive reaction to Sevoflurane. To our knowledge, this is the first published report describing an allergic reaction caused by a volatile anesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Simonini
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Etrusca Brogi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Brunella Gily
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tosca
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Barbieri
- Department of Nursing and Health Professionals, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonini
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Santos AF, Shreffler WG. Road map for the clinical application of the basophil activation test in food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1115-1124. [PMID: 28618090 PMCID: PMC5601249 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy based solely on the clinical history and the documentation of specific IgE to whole allergen extract or single allergens is often ambiguous, requiring oral food challenges (OFCs), with the attendant risk and inconvenience to the patient, to confirm the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a considerable proportion of patients assessed in allergy clinics. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as having superior specificity and comparable sensitivity to diagnose food allergy, when compared with skin prick test and specific IgE. BAT, therefore, may reduce the number of OFC required for accurate diagnosis, particularly positive OFC. BAT can also be used to monitor resolution of food allergy and the clinical response to immunomodulatory treatments. Given the practicalities involved in the performance of BAT, we propose that it can be applied for selected cases where the history, skin prick test and/or specific IgE are not definitive for the diagnosis of food allergy. In the cases that the BAT is positive, food allergy is sufficiently confirmed without OFC; in the cases that BAT is negative or the patient has non‐responder basophils, OFC may still be indicated. However, broad clinical application of BAT demands further standardization of the laboratory procedure and of the flow cytometry data analyses, as well as clinical validation of BAT as a diagnostic test for multiple target allergens and confirmation of its feasibility and cost‐effectiveness in multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London/Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - W G Shreffler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Klauber TC, Laursen JM, Zucker D, Brix S, Jensen SS, Andresen TL. Delivery of TLR7 agonist to monocytes and dendritic cells by DCIR targeted liposomes induces robust production of anti-cancer cytokines. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:367-377. [PMID: 28153581 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is today recognized as an important cancer hallmark and is therefore a major focus area in cancer therapy. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), which are central to creating a robust anti-tumor immune response and establishing an anti-tumorigenic microenvironment, are directly targeted by the tumor escape mechanisms to develop immunosuppressive phenotypes. Providing activated monocytes and DCs to the tumor tissue is therefore an attractive way to break the tumor-derived immune suppression and reinstate cancer immune surveillance. To activate monocytes and DCs with high efficiency, we have investigated an immunotherapeutic Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist delivery system comprising liposomes targeted to the dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR). We formulated the immune stimulating TLR7 agonist TMX-202 in the liposomes and examined the targeting of the liposomes as well as their immune activating potential in blood-derived monocytes, myeloid DCs (mDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Monocytes and mDCs were targeted with high specificity over lymphocytes, and exhibited potent TLR7-specific secretion of the anti-cancer cytokines IL-12p70, IFN-α 2a, and IFN-γ. This delivery system could be a way to improve cancer treatment either in the form of a vaccine with co-formulated antigen or as an immunotherapeutic vector to boost monocyte and DC activity in combination with other treatment protocols such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cancer immunotherapy is a powerful new tool in the oncologist's therapeutic arsenal, with our increased knowledge of anti-tumor immunity providing many new targets for intervention. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) are attractive targets for enhancing the anti-tumor immune response, but systemic delivery of immunomodulators has proven to be associated with a high risk of fatal adverse events due to the systemic activation of the immune system. We address this important obstacle by targeting the delivery of an immunomodulator, a Toll-like receptor agonist, to DCs and monocytes in the bloodstream. We thus focus the activation, potentially avoiding the above-mentioned adverse effects, and demonstrate greatly increased ability of the agonist to induce secretion of anti-cancer cytokines.
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28
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Kim Z, Choi BS, Kim JK, Won DI. Basophil markers for identification and activation in the indirect basophil activation test by flow cytometry for diagnosis of autoimmune urticaria. Ann Lab Med 2017; 36:28-35. [PMID: 26522756 PMCID: PMC4697340 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The indirect basophil activation test using flow cytometry is a promising tool for autoimmune urticaria diagnosis. We aimed to identify better donor basophils (from atopic vs. non-atopic donors and interleukin-3 primed vs. unprimed basophils) and improve basophil identification and activation markers (eotaxin CC chemokine receptor-3 [CCR3] vs. CD123 and CD63 vs. CD203c). Methods Donor basophils were obtained from non-atopic and atopic group O donors. Positive control sera were artificially prepared to simulate autoimmune urticaria patients' sera. Patient sera were obtained from nine children with chronic urticaria. Assay sensitivity was compared among each variation by using positive control sera (n=21), applying cutoff values defined from negative control sera (n=20). Results For basophil identification, a combination of CCR3 and CD123 markers revealed a higher correlation with automated complete blood count (r=0.530) compared with that observed using CD123 (r=0.498) or CCR3 alone (r=0.195). Three activation markers on the atopic donor basophils attained 100% assay sensitivity: CD203c on unprimed basophils, CD63+CD203+ or CD63 alone on primed basophils; however, these markers on the non-atopic donor basophils attained lower assay sensitivity. Conclusions For basophil identification markers, a combination of CD123 and CCR3 is recommended, while CD123 alone may be used as an alternative. Donor basophils should be obtained from an atopic donor. For basophil activation markers, either CD203c alone on unprimed basophils or CD203c and CD63 on primed basophils are recommended, while CD63 alone on primed basophils may be used as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehwan Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Seok Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Kun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Il Won
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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29
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Yao Y, Welp T, Liu Q, Niu N, Wang X, Britto CJ, Krishnaswamy S, Chupp GL, Montgomery RR. Multiparameter Single Cell Profiling of Airway Inflammatory Cells. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 92:12-20. [PMID: 27807928 PMCID: PMC5250532 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway diseases affect over 7% of the U.S. population and millions of patients worldwide. Asthmatic patients have wide variation in clinical severity with different clinical and physiologic manifestations of disease that may be driven by distinct biologic mechanisms. Further, the immunologic underpinnings of this complex trait disease are heterogeneous and treatment success depends on defining subgroups of asthmatics. Because of the limited availability and number of cells from the lung, the active site, in-depth investigation has been challenging. Recent advances in technology support transcriptional analysis of cells from induced sputum. Flow cytometry studies have described cells present in the sputum but a detailed analysis of these subsets is lacking. Mass cytometry or CyTOF (Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight) offers tremendous opportunities for multiparameter single cell analysis. Experiments can now allow detection of up to ∼40 markers to facilitate unprecedented multidimensional cellular analyses. Here we demonstrate the use of CyTOF on primary airway samples obtained from well-characterized patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Using this technology, we quantify cellular frequency and functional status of defined cell subsets. Our studies provide a blueprint to define the heterogeneity among subjects and underscore the power of this single cell method to characterize airway immune status. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tobias Welp
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Naiqian Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Clemente J. Britto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Geoff L. Chupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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30
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The Evolution of Human Basophil Biology from Neglect towards Understanding of Their Immune Functions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8232830. [PMID: 28078302 PMCID: PMC5204076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8232830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Being discovered long ago basophils have been neglected for more than a century. During the past decade evidence emerged that basophils share features of innate and adaptive immunity. Nowadays, basophils are best known for their striking effector role in the allergic reaction. They hence have been used for establishing new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches and for characterizing natural and recombinant allergens as well as hypoallergens, which display lower or diminished IgE-binding activity. However, it was a long way from discovery in 1879 until identification of their function in hypersensitivity reactions, including adverse drug reactions. Starting with a historical background, this review highlights the modern view on basophil biology.
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Chirumbolo S. Commentary: The Expression of CD123 Can Decrease with Basophil Activation: Implications for the Gating Strategy of the Basophil Activation Test. Front Immunol 2016; 7:260. [PMID: 27456009 PMCID: PMC4935682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement-University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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32
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Eberlein B, Santos AF, Mayorga C, Nopp A, Ferrer M, Rouzaire P, Ebo D, Sabato V, Sanz ML, Pecaric-Petkovic T, Patil SU, Hausmann OV, Shreffler WG, Korosec P, Knol EF, Hoffmann HJ. Basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease – an overview. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-016-1105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Eberle JU, Voehringer D. Role of basophils in protective immunity to parasitic infections. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:605-13. [PMID: 27116557 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Basophils have been recognized as important players for protective immunity against a variety of different endo- and ectoparasites. Although basophils represent a relatively rare and short-lived cell type, they produce large quantities of effector molecules including histamine, cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators which promote type 2 immune responses. Basophils can be activated either directly by parasite-derived factors or indirectly by recognition of parasite-derived antigens via IgE bound to its high-affinity receptor FcεRI on the cell surface. Many parasitic infections cause expansion and tissue recruitment of basophils, but the role of basophils for protective immunity remains poorly understood. The development of basophil-deficient mouse models over the past few years makes it possible to study their contributions in various infections. We review here the current knowledge regarding the role of basophils for protective or immunomodulatory functions of basophils mainly during infections of mice with protozoan parasites, helminths, and ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg U Eberle
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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34
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Santos AF, Bécares N, Stephens A, Turcanu V, Lack G. The expression of CD123 can decrease with basophil activation: implications for the gating strategy of the basophil activation test. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:11. [PMID: 27042292 PMCID: PMC4818434 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Basophil activation test (BAT) reproduces IgE-mediated allergic reactions in vitro and has been used as a diagnostic test. Different markers can be used to identify basophils in whole blood and have implications for the outcome of the test. We aimed to assess changes in the expression of CD123 and HLA-DR following basophil activation and to select the best gating strategy for BAT using these markers. Methods BAT was performed in whole blood from 116 children. Peanut extract, anti-IgE, anti-FcεRI or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanin (fMLP) was used for stimulation. Surface expression of CD123, HLA-DR, CD63 and CD203c was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results In some cases, gating on CD123+/HLA-DR− led to the loss-to-analysis of basophils in conditions where basophils were activated. Adding CD203c as an identification marker restored the cell number. Basophils remained HLA-DR-negative with activation. CD123 expression decreased following stimulation with fMLP (n = 116, p < 0.001), anti-IgE (n = 104, p < 0.001) and peanut (n = 42, p < 0.001). The decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity of CD123 correlated with the up-regulation of basophil activation markers, CD63 (rs = −0.31, p < 0.001) and CD203c (rs = −0.35, p < 0.001). BAT to peanut gating basophils on CD203c+/CD123+/HLA-DR− reduced the false-negatives (1 vs. 5 %) and showed a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to using CD123+/HLA-DR− (97 vs. 91 %). CD203c+ appeared as an alternative gating strategy allowing two-colour BAT. Conclusions
Basophils of a subset of patients down-regulate CD123 with activation. The use of CD203c before gating on CD123+/HLA-DR− cells or in isolation ensures the identification of the entire basophil population and accurate assessment of basophil activation, with important diagnostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK ; Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal ; Gulbenkian Programme for Advanced Medical Education, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natalia Bécares
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Alick Stephens
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Victor Turcanu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Zissler UM, Esser-von Bieren J, Jakwerth CA, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB. Current and future biomarkers in allergic asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:475-94. [PMID: 26706728 DOI: 10.1111/all.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis early in life, sensitization, asthma endotypes, monitoring of disease and treatment progression are key motivations for the exploration of biomarkers for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. The number of genes related to allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma increases steadily; however, prognostic genes have not yet entered clinical application. We hypothesize that the combination of multiple genes may generate biomarkers with prognostic potential. The current review attempts to group more than 161 different potential biomarkers involved in respiratory inflammation to pave the way for future classifiers. The potential biomarkers are categorized into either epithelial or infiltrate-derived or mixed origin, epithelial biomarkers. Furthermore, surface markers were grouped into cell-type-specific categories. The current literature provides multiple biomarkers for potential asthma endotypes that are related to T-cell phenotypes such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and Tregs and their lead cytokines. Eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma endotypes are also classified by epithelium-derived CCL-26 and osteopontin, respectively. There are currently about 20 epithelium-derived biomarkers exclusively derived from epithelium, which are likely to innovate biomarker panels as they are easy to sample. This article systematically reviews and categorizes genes and collects current evidence that may promote these biomarkers to become part of allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma classifiers with high prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - J. Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - C. A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - A. M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Medical School; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - C. B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
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Santos AF, Lack G. Basophil activation test: food challenge in a test tube or specialist research tool? Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26981234 PMCID: PMC4791855 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold-standard to diagnose food allergy; however, it is a labour and resource-intensive procedure with the risk of causing an acute allergic reaction, which is potentially severe. Therefore, OFC are reserved for cases where the clinical history and the results of skin prick test and/or specific IgE do not confirm or exclude the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a significant proportion of patients seen in Allergy clinics and results in a high demand for OFC. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as a new diagnostic test for food allergy. With high diagnostic accuracy, it can be particularly helpful in the cases where skin prick test and specific IgE are equivocal and may allow reducing the need for OFC. BAT has high specificity, which confers a high degree of certainty in confirming the diagnosis of food allergy and allows deferring the performance of OFC in patients with a positive BAT. The diagnostic utility of BAT is allergen-specific and needs to be validated for different allergens and in specific patient populations. Standardisation of the laboratory methodology and of the data analyses would help to enable a wider clinical application of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Heneberg P, Riegerová K, Kučera P. Pimecrolimus Is a Potent Inhibitor of Allergic Reactions to Hymenopteran Venom Extracts and Birch Pollen Allergen In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142953. [PMID: 26562153 PMCID: PMC4643035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981) is an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory 33-epichloro-derivative of macrolactam ascomycin, with low potential for affecting systemic immune responses compared with other calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus. Despite numerous studies focused on the mechanism of pimecrolimus action on mast cells, only the single report has addressed pimecrolimus effects on other typical FcεRI-expressing cells, the basophils. Patients allergic to birch pollen (n = 20), hymenopteran venoms (n = 23) and 10 non-allergic volunteers were examined. Primary human basophils pre-treated or not with 0.5-50 μMol pimecrolimus were exposed to various concentrations of recombinant Bet v 1a allergen, bee or wasp venom extracts and anti-IgE for 20 min, and then examined for the expression of CD45, CD193, CD203c, CD63 and CD164 using flow cytometry. The externalization of basophil activation markers (CD63 and CD164) was equally inhibited through pimecrolimus in cells activated by recombinant pollen allergen, hymenopteran venom extracts and anti-IgE. Although the individual response rate was subject to strong variation, importantly, pre-treatment with pimecrolimus lowered the number of activated basophils in response to any of the stimuli in the basophils from all patients. The inhibition was concentration-dependent; approximately half of the basophils were inhibited in the presence of 2.5 mMol pimecrolimus. Pimecrolimus is a valuable new tool for the inhibition of hyper-reactive basophils in patients with pollen allergy and a history of anaphylactic reactions to bee or wasp venoms. Further research should address short-term use of pimecrolimus in vivo in a wide spectrum of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Kamila Riegerová
- Department of Immunology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kučera
- Department of Immunology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hoffmann HJ, Santos AF, Mayorga C, Nopp A, Eberlein B, Ferrer M, Rouzaire P, Ebo DG, Sabato V, Sanz ML, Pecaric-Petkovic T, Patil SU, Hausmann OV, Shreffler WG, Korosec P, Knol EF. The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26198455 DOI: 10.1111/all.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) has become a pervasive test for allergic response through the development of flow cytometry, discovery of activation markers such as CD63 and unique markers identifying basophil granulocytes. Basophil activation test measures basophil response to allergen cross-linking IgE on between 150 and 2000 basophil granulocytes in <0.1 ml fresh blood. Dichotomous activation is assessed as the fraction of reacting basophils. In addition to clinical history, skin prick test, and specific IgE determination, BAT can be a part of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with food-, insect venom-, and drug allergy and chronic urticaria. It may be helpful in determining the clinically relevant allergen. Basophil sensitivity may be used to monitor patients on allergen immunotherapy, anti-IgE treatment or in the natural resolution of allergy. Basophil activation test may use fewer resources and be more reproducible than challenge testing. As it is less stressful for the patient and avoids severe allergic reactions, BAT ought to precede challenge testing. An important next step is to standardize BAT and make it available in diagnostic laboratories. The nature of basophil activation as an ex vivo challenge makes it a multifaceted and promising tool for the allergist. In this EAACI task force position paper, we provide an overview of the practical and technical details as well as the clinical utility of BAT in diagnosis and management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Hoffmann
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. F. Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy; Division of Asthma; Allergy and Lung Biology; King's College London; London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London UK
- Immunoallergology Department; Coimbra University Hospital; Coimbra Portugal
| | - C. Mayorga
- Research Laboratory and Allergy Service; IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - A. Nopp
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit; Department of Medicine Solna; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - M. Ferrer
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - P. Rouzaire
- Department of Immunology; University Hospital; Clermont-Ferrand and ERTICa Research Group; University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - D. G. Ebo
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
| | - V. Sabato
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
| | - M. L. Sanz
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - T. Pecaric-Petkovic
- Adverse Drug Reactions-Analysis and Consulting (ADR-AC) GmbH; Bern Switzerland
| | - S. U. Patil
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - O. V. Hausmann
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Loewenpraxis; Luzern Switzerland
| | - W. G. Shreffler
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. Korosec
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology & Molecular Genetics; University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik; Golnik Slovenia
| | - E. F. Knol
- Department of Immunology and Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Diurnal variation of CD63 expression on activated blood basophils: a pilot study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 116:77-8. [PMID: 26520577 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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O'Gorman WE, Hsieh EWY, Savig ES, Gherardini PF, Hernandez JD, Hansmann L, Balboni IM, Utz PJ, Bendall SC, Fantl WJ, Lewis DB, Nolan GP, Davis MM. Single-cell systems-level analysis of human Toll-like receptor activation defines a chemokine signature in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1326-36. [PMID: 26037552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces inflammatory responses involved in immunity to pathogens and autoimmune pathogenesis, such as in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although TLRs are differentially expressed across the immune system, a comprehensive analysis of how multiple immune cell subsets respond in a system-wide manner has not been described. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize TLR activation across multiple immune cell subsets and subjects, with the goal of establishing a reference framework against which to compare pathologic processes. METHODS Peripheral whole-blood samples were stimulated with TLR ligands and analyzed by means of mass cytometry simultaneously for surface marker expression, activation states of intracellular signaling proteins, and cytokine production. We developed a novel data visualization tool to provide an integrated view of TLR signaling networks with single-cell resolution. We studied 17 healthy volunteer donors and 8 patients with newly diagnosed and untreated SLE. RESULTS Our data revealed the diversity of TLR-induced responses within cell types, with TLR ligand specificity. Subsets of natural killer cells and T cells selectively induced nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells in response to TLR2 ligands. CD14(hi) monocytes exhibited the most polyfunctional cytokine expression patterns, with more than 80 distinct cytokine combinations. Monocytic TLR-induced cytokine patterns were shared among a group of healthy donors, with minimal intraindividual and interindividual variability. Furthermore, autoimmune disease altered baseline cytokine production; newly diagnosed untreated SLE patients shared a distinct monocytic chemokine signature, despite clinical heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Mass cytometry defined a systems-level reference framework for human TLR activation, which can be applied to study perturbations in patients with inflammatory diseases, such as SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E O'Gorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Erica S Savig
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Joseph D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Imelda M Balboni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - David B Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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Tallmadge RL, Shen L, Tseng CT, Miller SC, Barry J, Felippe MJB. Bone marrow transcriptome and epigenome profiles of equine common variable immunodeficiency patients unveil block of B lymphocyte differentiation. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:261-76. [PMID: 25988861 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a late-onset humoral deficiency characterized by B lymphocyte dysfunction or loss, decreased immunoglobulin production, and recurrent bacterial infections. CVID is the most frequent human primary immunodeficiency but still presents challenges in the understanding of its etiology and treatment. CVID in equine patients manifests with a natural impairment of B lymphocyte differentiation, and is a unique model to identify genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of disease. Bone marrow transcriptome analyses revealed decreased expression of genes indicative of the pro-B cell differentiation stage, importantly PAX5 (p≤0.023). We hypothesized that aberrant epigenetic regulation caused PAX5 gene silencing, resulting in the late-onset and non-familial manifestation of CVID. A significant increase in PAX5 enhancer region methylation was identified in equine CVID patients by genome-wide reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing and bisulfite PCR sequencing (p=0.000). Thus, we demonstrate that integrating transcriptomics and epigenetics in CVID enlightens potential mechanisms of dysfunctional B lymphopoiesis or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Tallmadge
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lishuang Shen
- Cornell Mammalian Cell Reprogramming Core, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chia T Tseng
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven C Miller
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jay Barry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Julia B Felippe
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Shamji MH, Layhadi JA, Scadding GW, Cheung DKM, Calderon MA, Turka LA, Phippard D, Durham SR. Basophil expression of diamine oxidase: a novel biomarker of allergen immunotherapy response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:913-921.e9. [PMID: 25457150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy inhibits basophil histamine release, but the assay is cumbersome, and no one has studied the effects of immunotherapy withdrawal. OBJECTIVE Intracellular fluorochrome-labeled diamine oxidase (DAO) was used as a novel functional readout of basophil histamine release after immunotherapy. Results were compared with conventional basophil surface expression of activation markers. METHODS Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT)-treated patients (n = 14), sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-treated patients (n = 12), participants who completed 3 years of treatment with grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy (the SLIT-TOL group; n = 6), patients with untreated seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR; n = 24), and nonatopic control subjects (n = 12) were studied. Intracellularly labeled DAO(+) and surface expression of CD203c(bright), CD63(+), and CD107a(+) on chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 lymphocytes (CRTh2)-positive basophils were measured by means of flow cytometry. Serum IgG4 levels and serum inhibitory activity for IgE-allergen complex binding to B cells (IgE-FAB) and basophil histamine release were also determined. RESULTS Proportions of allergen-stimulated DAO(+)CRTh2(+) basophils were higher in participants in the SCIT, SLIT, and SLIT-TOL groups (all P < .0001) compared with those in patients in the SAR group. Similarly, there were lower proportions of CRTh2(+) basophils expressing surface CD203c(bright) (all P < .001), CD63 (all P < .001), and CD107a (all P < .01). Rhinitis symptoms were lower in the SCIT, SLIT, and SLIT-TOL groups (P < .001) compared with those in the SAR group. Serum inhibitory activity for IgE-FAB and basophil histamine release were also significantly greater in all immunotherapy groups (P < .05) compared with the SAR group. CONCLUSION These results support long-term clinical and immunologic tolerance during and after grass pollen immunotherapy. Intracellularly labeled DAO expression by basophils merits further investigation as a surrogate biomarker for monitoring efficacy and tolerance after immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Shamji
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janice A Layhadi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy W Scadding
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delica K M Cheung
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moises A Calderon
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Leukocyte Biology, Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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Eberlein B, Hann R, Eyerich S, Pennino D, Ring J, Schmidt-Weber CB, Buters J. Optimizing of the basophil activation test: Comparison of different basophil identification markers. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:183-9. [PMID: 25399741 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowcytometric identification of basophils is a prerequisite for measuring activation of basophils with IgE-dependent or IgE-independent stimuli. Aim of this study was to compare different marker combinations in a simultaneous multicolor flowcytometric measurement. METHODS Ten patients with a grass pollen allergy and three controls were included in the study. Basophilic cells were gated by using anti-CCR3, anti-IgE, anti-CRTH2, anti-CD203c, and anti-CD3. Cells were activated by a monoclonal anti-FcεRI antibody, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and the allergen extract Phleum pratense. The activation marker anti-CD63 was used. RESULTS The highest relative number of basophils was found with anti-CCR3+ cells, anti-IgE+ and anti-IgE+ /anti-CD203c+ cells, the lowest with CRTH2+/CD203c+/CD3- cells. A very good and good concordance of CCR3+ cells was seen with CCR3+/CD3- cells and CRTH2+/CD203c+/CD3- cells in all experiments. The contamination of the CCR3+ population with CD3+ cells and the contamination of the IgE+-population with CCR3- cells and CD203- cells were the lowest compared to all other marker combinations. CONCLUSIONS As the highest relative number of basophils was identified by anti-CCR3 followed by the anti-IgE and anti-IgE/antiCD203c positive population in most cases, these markers can generally be recommended for identification of basophils. If a basophil population with very high purity is needed, anti-IgE should be chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Germany, Munich, Germany
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Chirumbolo S. Major pitfalls in BAT performance may be caused by gating protocols and CD63% cut off evaluation. Cytometry A 2014; 85:382-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, University Laboratory of Medical Research-LURM est; Verona 37134 Italy
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Ariza A, Fernandez TD, Doña I, Aranda A, Blanca-Lopez N, Melendez L, Canto G, Blanca M, Torres MJ, Mayorga C. Basophil activation after nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs stimulation in patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to these drugs. Cytometry A 2014; 85:400-7. [PMID: 24443418 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs most frequently involved in allergic reactions of which two main types exist: IgE-mediated and crossintolerance. The diagnosis of crossintolerance reactions is often based on the drug provocation test. The potential value of the basophil activation test (BAT) was evaluated using different basophil markers in the diagnosis of patients with crossintolerance to NSAIDs and cutaneous symptoms. We studied 46 patients with crossintolerance to NSAIDs and 45 tolerant controls. BAT was performed with acetyl salicylic acid, paracetamol, diclofenac, dipyrone, naproxen, and ibuprofen at four different concentrations using CD193 and CD203c as basophil markers and CD63 as activation marker. We compared BAT results using CD193⁺ or CD193⁺ CD203c⁺ for basophil selection and found a significant increase in the stimulation index when using CD193⁺ CD203c⁺ in both patients and controls (P = 0.004 and P = 0.017, respectively). Selection of living cells only produced an increase in basophil stimulation in patients for both CD193⁺ and CD193⁺ CD203c⁺ (P < 0.001 for both), whereas in controls there was no change with CD193⁺ and a decrease with CD193⁺ CD203c⁺ (P = 0.001). We found that CD193⁺ CD203c⁺ increased the percentage of positive cases in patients and controls when compared with CD193⁺. When excluding dead cells, there was an increase of 21.7% in patients and 10% in controls. These results indicate that using CD193⁺ CD203⁺, excluding dead cells, is the best approach for BAT although this test is not recommended for the diagnosis of patients with crossintolerance to NSAIDs owing to its low sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ariza
- Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UMA, Málaga, Spain
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He SH, Zhang HY, Zeng XN, Chen D, Yang PC. Mast cells and basophils are essential for allergies: mechanisms of allergic inflammation and a proposed procedure for diagnosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1270-83. [PMID: 23974516 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current definition of allergy is a group of IgE-mediated diseases. However, a large portion of patients with clinical manifestations of allergies do not exhibit elevated serum levels of IgE (sIgEs). In this article, three key factors, ie soluble allergens, sIgEs and mast cells or basophils, representing the causative factors, messengers and primary effector cells in allergic inflammation, respectively, were discussed. Based on current knowledge on allergic diseases, we propose that allergic diseases are a group of diseases mediated through activated mast cells and/or basophils in sensitive individuals, and allergic diseases include four subgroups: (1) IgE dependent; (2) other immunoglobulin dependent; (3) non-immunoglobulin mediated; (4) mixture of the first three subgroups. According to our proposed definition, pseudo-allergic-reactions, in which mast cell or basophil activation is not mediated via IgE, or to a lesser extent via IgG or IgM, should be non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Specific allergen challenge tests (SACTs) are gold standard tests for diagnosing allergies in vivo, but risky. The identification of surface membrane activation markers of mast cells and basophils (CD203c, CCR3, CD63, etc) has led to development of the basophil activation test (BAT), an in vitro specific allergen challenge test (SACT). Based on currently available laboratory allergy tests, we here propose a laboratory examination procedure for allergy.
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Khanolkar A, Burden SJ, Hansen B, Wilson AR, Philipps GJ, Hill HR. Evaluation of CCR3 as a basophil activation marker. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:293-300. [PMID: 23955446 DOI: 10.1309/ajcplsn0rqkhjx1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent reports have provided conflicting evidence on the stability of CCR3 expression on the surface of basophils. Hence we wanted to independently evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of CCR3 as a surrogate marker of basophil activation and function. METHODS We examined the correlative relationship between CCR3 expression on the surface of donor basophils and histamine release after donor basophils were treated with agonistic antibodies directed against the high-affinity IgE-Fc receptor and serum samples from 80 individuals displaying symptoms of chronic urticaria (CU). RESULTS We observed that CCR3 was significantly downregulated on donor basophils treated with the agonistic antibody and CU-patient serum that demonstrated positive "histamine-releasing activity" (HRA scores >10). However, CCR3 downregulation was also observed on donor basophils incubated with more than 40% of CU-patient serum samples with HRA scores less than or equal to 10. CONCLUSIONS Overall our data show that CCR3 demonstrates adequate sensitivity (83%) but weak specificity (59%) in its ability to reliably identify histamine-releasing activated basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaruni Khanolkar
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | | | | | - Harry R. Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Vila L, Moreno A, Gamboa PM, Martínez-Aranguren R, Sanz ML. Decrease in antigen-specific CD63 basophil expression is associated with the development of tolerance to egg by SOTI in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:463-8. [PMID: 23682931 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, there have been an increasing number of studies on achieving tolerance to foods by specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI). Still, the underlying mechanism of SOTI is unknown. Our aim was to describe changes in CD63 expression on basophils following in vitro Ag-specific stimulation by basophil activation test (BAT), after SOTI with egg in a pediatric population. METHODS Ten children with persistent allergy to egg were included. Skin prick tests (SPTs) and open food challenges (OFCs) were performed before SOTI. Specific IgE determination and BAT with egg white (EW), ovomucoid (OM), and ovalbumin (OVA) were performed before and after 1 month of the buildup phase of SOTI. RESULTS Total tolerance to egg was achieved in 9 cases and partial in one. After SOTI, there was a significant decrease in mean specific IgE levels (p < 0.05). CD63 expression also decreased (p < 0.05) in all patients. CONCLUSION Decrease in Ag-specific basophil responsiveness is associated with the development of clinical tolerance by SOTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Vila
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Teresa Herrera, La Coruña, Spain.
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Dominguez-Amorocho O, Duarte S, Garcia E, Halpert E, Cuellar A, Rodriguez A. Differences in IgE mediated basophil degranulation induced by proteic fractions from whole flea body extract in patients with papular urticaria by flea bite and healthy controls. World Allergy Organ J 2013; 6:10. [PMID: 23680530 PMCID: PMC3667101 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papular urticaria by flea bite (PUFB) is a chronic inflammatory disease in children. The aim of this study was to assess the functional activity of IgE to protein fractions from flea body extract, through basophil degranulation in PUFB patients and controls. Methods Basophil degranulation, measured by overexpression of CD63 surface molecules, was evaluated by flow cytometry in samples from patients and controls. Cell stimulation was performed with three fractions with different molecular weight from flea body extract using a Basotest® modified protocol. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for comparisons. Results Specific IgE from PUFB patients and healthy controls induced basophil degranulation to flea body extract with no significant differences between them (16.2 ± 3.1% vs 13.6 ± 2.8% p = 0.77). However, when flea extract was analyzed in fractions with proteins ranging different molecular weights, significant differences were observed on the response from patients compared with controls to <50 kD (14.9 ± 5.1% vs 9.7 ± 2.1% p = 0.0058) and 50–100 kD proteic fractions (8.3 ± 3.2% vs 2.8 ± 1.6% p = 0.0021). Conclusion In this study, was established that the differential response by IgE, in PUFB, depends from the molecular weight of the antigens contained in the flea extract. These antigens may be related to 30–35 kD proteins previously described as major allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Dominguez-Amorocho
- Sección de Alergia y Dermatología Pediátrica, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 9 Nº 117-20, oficina 205, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) is a flow-cytometry-based functional assay that assesses the degree of cell activation after exposure to a stimuli. Though no standardized technique currently exists, recent advances have improved the performance of this assay, including identification of new basophil-specific markers and comparisons of the expression of CD63 to CD203c during activation. The basophil activation test has also been validated for many IgE-mediated disease conditions, which have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. This review focuses on the most recent applications of this test to the diagnosis of allergy to drugs, foods, venoms, and pollens, and the evolving role of the BAT in monitoring immunotherapy.
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