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Wolfson-Stofko B, Hirode G, Vanderhoff A, Karkada J, Capraru C, Biondi MJ, Hansen B, Shah H, Janssen HLA, Feld JJ. Real-world hepatitis C prevalence and treatment uptake at opioid agonist therapy clinics in Ontario, Canada. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:240-247. [PMID: 38385850 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Widespread screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary for Canada to meet its HCV elimination goals by 2030. People who currently or previously injected drugs are at high risk for HCV. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT, such as methadone and buprenorphine) has been shown to help stabilize the lives of people who are opioid-dependent. The distribution of OAT in North America typically requires daily, weekly, or monthly clinic visits and presents an opportunity for engagement, screening and treatment for those at high-risk of HCV. In this study, HCV screening was conducted by staff at OAT clinics in Ontario from 2016 to 2020 and those with chronic infections were treated on-site with direct-acting antivirals. Point-of-care or dried blood spot (DBS) testing was used for antibodies, DBS or serum for HCV RNA and serum for HCV RNA at SVR12 (sustained virological response). Clinics screened 1954 people (mean age 40 years ±12, 63% male). Forty-five percent were antibody positive, of whom 64% were HCV RNA+. Eighty percent of those RNA+ set an appointment in which 99% attended. Ninety-six percent started treatment with 87% completing treatment. Sixty-eight percent of people who completed treatment submitted a sample for SVR12 testing of which 97% achieved a virological cure. Results suggest that HCV screening and treatment at OAT clinics is feasible, effective and warrants expansion. Data suggest strong treatment adherence due to high rates of SVR12 comparable with other OAT-based HCV treatment programs. The lack of SVR12 sampling could be addressed by either on-site phlebotomy or incentivizing SVR12 sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolfson-Stofko
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research (CDUHR), College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - G Hirode
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Vanderhoff
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Karkada
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Capraru
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Biondi
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Hansen
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Shah
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H L A Janssen
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Feld
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Suba K, Patel Y, Martin-Alonso A, Hansen B, Xu X, Roberts A, Norton M, Chung P, Shrewsbury J, Kwok R, Kalogianni V, Cheng S, Liu X, Kalyviotis K, Rutter GA, Jones B, Minnion J, Owen BM, Pantazis P, Distaso W, Drucker DJ, Tan TM, Bloom SR, Murphy KG, Salem V. Intra-islet glucagon signalling regulates beta-cell connectivity, first-phase insulin secretion and glucose homoeostasis. Mol Metab 2024:101947. [PMID: 38677509 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by the loss of first-phase insulin secretion. We studied mice with β-cell selective loss of the glucagon receptor (Gcgrfl/fl X Ins-1Cre), to investigate the role of intra-islet glucagon receptor signalling on pan-islet calcium activity and insulin secretion. METHODS Metabolic profiling was conducted on Gcgrβ-cell-/- and littermate controls. Crossing with GCaMP6f (STOP flox) animals further allowed for β-cell specific expression of a fluorescent calcium indicator. These islets were functionally imaged in vitro and in vivo. Wild-type mice were transplanted with islets expressing GCaMP6f in β-cells into the anterior eye chamber and placed on a high fat diet. Part of the cohort received a glucagon analogue (GCG-analogue) for 40 days and the control group were fed to achieve weight matching. Calcium imaging was performed regularly during the development of hyperglycaemia and in response to GCG-analogue treatment. RESULTS Gcgrβ-cell-/- mice exhibited higher glucose levels following intraperitoneal glucose challenge (control 12.7 mmol/L ± 0.6 vs. Gcgrβ-cell-/- 15.4 mmol/L ± 0.0 at 15 min, p = 0.002); fasting glycaemia was not different to controls. In vitro, Gcgrβ-cell-/- islets showed profound loss of pan-islet [Ca2+]I waves in response to glucose which was only partially rescued in vivo. Diet induced obesity and hyperglycaemia also resulted in a loss of co-ordinated [Ca2+]I waves in transplanted islets. This was reversed with GCG-analogue treatment, independently of weight-loss (n = 8). CONCLUSION These data provide novel evidence for the role of intra-islet GCGR signalling in sustaining synchronised [Ca2+]I waves and support a possible therapeutic role for glucagonergic agents to restore the insulin secretory capacity lost in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suba
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Y Patel
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Martin-Alonso
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - B Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Roberts
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Norton
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Chung
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Shrewsbury
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Kwok
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - V Kalogianni
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Cheng
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - X Liu
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - K Kalyviotis
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G A Rutter
- CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, QC, Canada; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Lee Kong Chian Imperial Medical School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - B Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Minnion
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - B M Owen
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Pantazis
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Distaso
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T M Tan
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - S R Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - K G Murphy
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - V Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Alonso AM, Cork SC, Phuah P, Hansen B, Norton M, Cheng S, Xu X, Suba K, Ma Y, Dowsett GK, Tadross JA, Lam BY, Yeo GS, Herzog H, Bloom SR, Arnold M, Distaso W, Murphy KG, Salem V. The vagus nerve mediates the physiological but not pharmacological effects of PYY 3-36 on food intake. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101895. [PMID: 38340808 PMCID: PMC10877939 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide YY (PYY3-36) is a post-prandially released gut hormone with potent appetite-reducing activity, the mechanism of action of which is not fully understood. Unravelling how this system physiologically regulates food intake may help unlock its therapeutic potential, whilst minimising unwanted effects. Here we demonstrate that germline and post-natal targeted knockdown of the PYY3-36 preferring receptor (neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor (Y2R)) in the afferent vagus nerve is required for the appetite inhibitory effects of physiologically-released PYY3-36, but not peripherally administered pharmacological doses. Post-natal knockdown of the Y2R results in a transient body weight phenotype that is not evident in the germline model. Loss of vagal Y2R signalling also results in altered meal patterning associated with accelerated gastric emptying. These results are important for the design of PYY-based anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldara Martin Alonso
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Cork
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine & Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Phyllis Phuah
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Norton
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sijing Cheng
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kinga Suba
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Ma
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Kc Dowsett
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John A Tadross
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Yh Lam
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Sh Yeo
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Walter Distaso
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G Murphy
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Salem
- Section of Investigative Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Hansen B, Sabia JJ, McNichols D, Bryan C. Do tobacco 21 laws work? J Health Econ 2023; 92:102818. [PMID: 37950948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco 21 (T-21) laws raise the minimum legal purchasing age for all tobacco products to 21. This study is the first to examine the impact of statewide T21 laws on teenage and young adult cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. Using survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and a difference-in-differences approach, we find that statewide adoption of a T-21 law is associated with a 2-to-4 percentage-point decline in smoking participation among 18-to-20-year-olds. Supplemental analyses using the State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) show that frequent e-cigarette use among 18-year-olds also fell following the adoption of T21 laws, though this effect was partially because teens turned to informal social sources to obtain e-cigarettes (i.e., borrowing or bumming). Finally, we find that T-21 laws generate spillover effects, including (2) reductions in cigarette use among 16-to-17-year-olds, a group that relies heavily on informal social markets in high school, and (2) reductions in marijuana use and days of alcohol use among some teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hansen
- Department of Economics, University of Oregon, NBER & IZA, United States.
| | - Joseph J Sabia
- Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies, San Diego State University & IZA, United States
| | - Drew McNichols
- Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies Economics, San Diego State University, United States
| | - Calvin Bryan
- Department of Agricultural & Resource, Colorado State University, United States
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Tahamont S, Jelveh Z, McNeill M, Yan S, Chalfin A, Hansen B. No ground truth? No problem: Improving administrative data linking using active learning and a little bit of guile. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283811. [PMID: 37014897 PMCID: PMC10072450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While linking records across large administrative datasets ["big data"] has the potential to revolutionize empirical social science research, many administrative data files do not have common identifiers and are thus not designed to be linked to others. To address this problem, researchers have developed probabilistic record linkage algorithms which use statistical patterns in identifying characteristics to perform linking tasks. Naturally, the accuracy of a candidate linking algorithm can be substantially improved when an algorithm has access to "ground-truth" examples-matches which can be validated using institutional knowledge or auxiliary data. Unfortunately, the cost of obtaining these examples is typically high, often requiring a researcher to manually review pairs of records in order to make an informed judgement about whether they are a match. When a pool of ground-truth information is unavailable, researchers can use "active learning" algorithms for linking, which ask the user to provide ground-truth information for select candidate pairs. In this paper, we investigate the value of providing ground-truth examples via active learning for linking performance. We confirm popular intuition that data linking can be dramatically improved with the availability of ground truth examples. But critically, in many real-world applications, only a relatively small number of tactically-selected ground-truth examples are needed to obtain most of the achievable gains. With a modest investment in ground truth, researchers can approximate the performance of a supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using a readily available off-the-shelf tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tahamont
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Zubin Jelveh
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
- College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Melissa McNeill
- Crime Lab New York, University of Chicago, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Shi Yan
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Aaron Chalfin
- Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Hansen
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
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Abstract
We report novel empirical estimates of the race-specific effects of larger police forces in the United States. Each additional police officer abates approximately 0.1 homicides. In per capita terms, effects are twice as large for Black versus White victims. Larger police forces also make fewer arrests for serious crimes, with larger reductions for crimes with Black suspects, implying that police force growth does not increase racial disparities among the most serious charges. At the same time, larger police forces make more arrests for low-level “quality-of-life” offenses, with effects that imply a disproportionate impact for Black Americans. (JEL H76, J15, K42)
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chalfin
- Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania
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Theisen CF, Wodschow K, Hansen B, Schullehner J, Gislason G, Ersbøll BK, Ersbøll AK. Drinking water magnesium and cardiovascular mortality: A cohort study in Denmark, 2005-2016. Environ Int 2022; 164:107277. [PMID: 35551005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are globally a major cause of death. Magnesium deficiency is associated with several diseases including cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE To examine if a low concentration of magnesium in drinking water is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction and stroke. METHODS A nationwide population-based cohort study using national health registries was used. A total of 4,274,132 individuals aged 30 years or more were included. Magnesium concentration in drinking water was estimated by linkage of residential addresses in the period 2005-2016 with the national drinking water quality monitoring database. The association between magnesium concentration in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction and stroke was examined using a Poisson regression of number of deaths and logarithmic transformation of follow-up time as offset. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was adjusted for differences in age, sex, calendar year, cohabitation, country of origin, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Median magnesium concentration in drinking water at inclusion was 12.4 mg/L (range: 1.37-54.2 mg/L). The adjusted IRR for cardiovascular mortality was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94; 0.97) for the lowest magnesium quintile (<6.5 mg/L) as compared to the highest magnesium quintile (>21.9 mg/L). The adjusted IRR for mortality due to acute myocardial infarction and stroke was 1.22 (1.17; 1.27) and 0.96 (0.93; 0.99), respectively, for the lowest magnesium quintile as compared to the highest quintile A decreasing mortality due to acute myocardial infarction was seen with an increasing magnesium concentration in a dose-response manner. CONCLUSION Low concentrations of magnesium in drinking water were associated with an increased mortality due to acute myocardial infarction. Low concentrations of magnesium in drinking water were associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality, and mortality due to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Theisen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K Wodschow
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Hansen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Schullehner
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Work and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Gislason
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, The Cardiovascular Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B K Ersbøll
- DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A K Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jubran B, Ismail M, Stein M, Little DH, Hansen B, Gulamhusein A, Hirschfield G. A210 HEPATOLITHIASIS IS A FREQUENT AND PROGNOSTIC FINDING IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859231 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Intrahepatic biliary stones (hepatolithiasis) are not well characterised in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods Chart reviews were conducted on 302 patients with a histologic or radiographic diagnosis of PSC followed at the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease. Radiographic data were collected for patients between the years 2008–2018. Depending on frequency of testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) data was reviewed every 3–5 years. We assessed factors associated with hepatolithiasis based on sex, race, age and phenotype of PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Qualitative radiographic findings on image report review, episodes of cholangitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), death and transplant were documented. Data are reported with median and IQR and analysed using χ 2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results 302 patients were reviewed. The median time to follow-up, defined as from date of diagnosis to last clinic visit or to transplantation date, was 98 months (IQR = 87). The mean age at diagnosis was 38 (SD = 15.1) years; 54% of patients were male. A total of 224 patients had IBD (74%). Of the 302 patients, 80 patients (26%) had evidence of hepatolithiasis on US or MRI. Patients with hepatolithiasis were more likely to be younger (37.4 vs 39.1, p = 0.025), male (65% vs. 50%, p = 0.021), and have large duct disease (99% vs. 88%, p = 0.004). Imaging report review revealed patients with hepatolithiasis were more likely to have intrahepatic biliary thickening (76% vs. 45%, p < 0.001), extrahepatic biliary thickening (69% vs. 50%, p = 0.003), focal biliary dilation (96% vs. 78%, p < 0.001) and disease characterised by more reported strictures on qualitative imaging report review (89% vs 69%, p < 0.001). Concomitant presence of cholelithiasis was greater in the hepatolithiasis vs. the non-hepatolithiasis group (45% vs. 19%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hepatic or portal venous thrombosis in both groups. Patients with hepatolithiasis more likely have experienced acute ascending cholangitis (50% vs. 20%, p < 0.001) and need for ERCP (50% vs. 35%, p = 0.020). CCA was numerically higher in the hepatolithiasis group (8.75% vs. 4%, p = 0.1). Patients with hepatolithiasis received transplant more frequently (26.3% vs 12.2%, p < 0.001) with no significant difference in mortality. Conclusions Hepatolithiasis is common in PSC and associated with an increased clinical and radiologic disease burden. ![]()
Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jubran
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Ismail
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Stein
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D H Little
- Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Hansen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Gulamhusein
- Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease Francis Family Liver Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pulido-Velazquez D, Baena-Ruiz L, Fernandes J, Arnó G, Hinsby K, Voutchkova DD, Hansen B, Retike I, Bikše J, Collados-Lara AJ, Camps V, Morel I, Grima-Olmedo J, Luque-Espinar JA. Assessment of chloride natural background levels by applying statistical approaches. Analyses of European coastal aquifers in different environments. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113303. [PMID: 35090285 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estimated natural background levels (NBLs) are needed to assess groundwater chemical status according to the EU Groundwater Directive. They are commonly derived for different substances by applying statistical methodologies. Due to the complexity of the sea water intrusion process, some of those methods do not always provide appropriate assessment of chloride NBLs. This paper analyzes the applicability of different NBL estimation methods in five EU coastal aquifers with significant differences in available datasets and hydrogeological settings. A sensitivity analysis of results to different constraints was performed to remove samples with anthropogenic impacts. A novel statistical approach combining different methods to identify the range of chloride NBLs is proposed. In all pilots the estimated NBLs were below 85 mg/L and fitted well with previous studies and expert judgment, except Campina del Faro aquifer (the maximum being 167.5 mg/L). Although this approach is more time consuming, it provides a more robust solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pulido-Velazquez
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Urb. Alcázar del Genil, 4. Edificio Zulema Bajo, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - L Baena-Ruiz
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Urb. Alcázar del Genil, 4. Edificio Zulema Bajo, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - J Fernandes
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Estrada da Portela, Bairro do Zambujal, Apartado 7586, Alfragide, 2610-999 Amadora, Portugal.
| | - G Arnó
- Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC), Parc de Montjuïc s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - K Hinsby
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark.
| | - D D Voutchkova
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), C.F. Møllers Allé, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - B Hansen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), C.F. Møllers Allé, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - I Retike
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Jelgavas street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - J Bikše
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Jelgavas street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - A J Collados-Lara
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Urb. Alcázar del Genil, 4. Edificio Zulema Bajo, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - V Camps
- Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC), Parc de Montjuïc s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Morel
- Jaume I University, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - J Grima-Olmedo
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME-CSIC), C/ Cirilo Amorós, 42, Entreplanta, 46004 Valencia, Spain.
| | - J A Luque-Espinar
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Urb. Alcázar del Genil, 4. Edificio Zulema Bajo, 18006 Granada, Spain.
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Dave D, Friedson AI, Hansen B, Sabia JJ. Association Between Statewide COVID-19 Lottery Announcements and Vaccinations. JAMA Health Forum 2021; 2:e213117. [PMID: 35977158 PMCID: PMC8727031 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Dave
- Department of Economics, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew I. Friedson
- Department of Economics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver
| | - Benjamin Hansen
- Department of Economics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Joseph J. Sabia
- Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies, College of Arts and Letters, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Abadie BQ, Hansen B, Walker J, Deyo Z, Biese K, Armbruster T, Tuttle H, Sadaf MI, Sears SF, Pasi R, Gehi AK. Likelihood of Spontaneous Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation Using a Conservative Management Strategy Among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department. Am J Cardiol 2019; 124:1534-1539. [PMID: 31522772 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous emergency department (ED) atrial fibrillation (AF) protocols have been developed to reduce hospitalizations, focusing on the use of cardioversion in the ED. An alternative strategy of rate control with early specialty follow-up may be more widely applicable. The likelihood of spontaneous cardioversion with such a protocol is unknown. Between 2015 and 2018, 157 patients who presented to the ED with a primary diagnosis of AF and were hemodynamically stable and with low to moderate symptom severity were discharged with early follow-up at an AF specialty clinic. Rhythm at short-term (within 72 hours), within 30-day follow-up, and need for electrical cardioversion was tabulated. Various demographic and co-morbidity variables were assessed to determine their association with likelihood of spontaneous cardioversion. At an average of 2.3 days, 63% and within 30 days, 83% had spontaneous cardioversion. By 90 days, only 6.3% required electrical cardioversion. Diabetes (38% vs 69%, p <0.01), coronary artery disease (39% vs 66%, p = 0.02), reduced ejection fraction (40% vs 72%, p <0.01), dilated right atrium (43% vs 73%, p <0.01) and moderate-to-severely dilated left atrium (38% vs 78%, p <0.01) predicted those who were less likely to convert to sinus rhythm. Most patients who present to the ED with AF will spontaneously convert to sinus rhythm by short-term (2 to 3 days) follow-up with a rate control strategy. In conclusion, aggressive use of electrical cardioversion in the ED may be unnecessary in hemodynamically stable patients without severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
This study uses data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys to assess the association between marijuana laws and use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mark Anderson
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State University, Bozeman
| | | | - Daniel I. Rees
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver
| | - Joseph J. Sabia
- Department of Economics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Krings A, Dunyo P, Pesic A, Tetteh S, Hansen B, Gedzah I, Wormenor CM, Amuah JE, Behnke AL, Höfler D, Pawlita M, Kaufmann AM. Characterization of Human Papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors to guide cervical cancer screening in the North Tongu District, Ghana. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218762. [PMID: 31246997 PMCID: PMC6597158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This population-based study aimed to fill the knowledge gap on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and associated sociodemographic risk factors of the general population in the North Tongu District, Ghana. These results are needed to guide cervical cancer prevention efforts, as the leading type of female cancers. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 2002 women in the North Tongu District, Ghana investigated HPV prevalence and associated sociodemographic risk factors. Women were recruited by geographical distribution through the local community-based health system and samples collected using a self-sampling device. For HPV genotyping BSGP5+/6+-PCR with Luminex-MPG readout was used. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed sociodemographic risk factors for HPV positivity. RESULTS Of 2002 self-collected samples, 1943 were eligible, contained sufficient DNA and provided valid HPV genotyping results. Prevalence of single high risk HPV types was 32.3% and of multiple high risk types 9.7%. The five most common detected HPV types were HPV16 (7.4%; 95%CI: 6.3-8.7), HPV52 (7.2%; 95%CI: 6.1-8.5), HPV35 (4.8%; 95%CI: 3.9-5.8), HPV59 (4.7%; 95%CI: 3.8-5.8), HPV56 (3.9%; 95%CI: 3.1-4.8). Highest prevalence was observed among women aged 18-24 years, while age 25-54 years was inversely associated with high risk HPV positivity in multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic risk factors identified were i) having any sexual partner, ii) more partners increased the odds for high risk HPV positivity, iii) independently from this marital status, in particular not being married. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Most importantly, the high risk HPV prevalence detected from this study is higher than estimates reported for Western Africa. This needs be considered, when deciding on the cervical cancer screening algorithms introduced on a wider scale. Follow-up and triage, depending on the methods chosen, can easily overburden the health system. Self-sampling worked well and provided adequate samples for HPV-based screening. Women with increasing number of sexual partners and not being married were found to have higher odds of being high risk HPV positive, therefore could be a higher prioritized screening target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrei Krings
- Clinic for Gynecology, Laboratory for Gynecologic Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Aleksandra Pesic
- Clinic for Gynecology, Laboratory for Gynecologic Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Isaac Gedzah
- Catholic Hospital Battor, Battor, Volta Region, Ghana
| | | | - Joseph E. Amuah
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anna-Lisa Behnke
- Clinic for Gynecology, Laboratory for Gynecologic Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Höfler
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Kaufmann
- Clinic for Gynecology, Laboratory for Gynecologic Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abadie B, Hansen B, Bernstein A, Walker J, Pasi R, Tuttle H, Armbruster T, Sadaf M, Biese K, Deyo Z, Gehi A. LIKELIHOOD OF SPONTANEOUS CARDIOVERSION AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AT SHORT-TERM FOLLOW-UP. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)30974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Schimpf KL, Barth P, Bartman J, Freienberg J, Hansen B, Meier J. The Coagulation System during the Passage of Blood through the Body. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn rabbits blood was taken simultaneously from the right heart, aorta, vena cava caudalis, and vena portae. The samples were examined for activities of factors II, VIII, X, contact activation product, antithrombin III, anti-plasma-thromboplastin, for thrombin time, fibrin polymerization time, R+K values in the TEG and platelet count. The parameters were found to change significantly during circulation. The greatest differences were found between right heart on the one hand, and renal vein and portal vein on the other. In 8 of 10 cases the arithmitical means of the tested parameters showed highest or lowest values respectively in the renal vein.
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Abstract
Previous research has found strong evidence that legal access to alcohol is associated with sizable increases in criminality. We revisit this relationship using the census of judicial records on criminal charges filed in Oregon Courts, the ability to separately track crimes involving firearms, and to track individuals over time. We find that crime increases at age 21, with increases mostly due to assaults that lack premeditation, and alcohol-related nuisance crimes. We find no evident increases in rape or robbery. Among those with no prior criminal records, increases in crime are 50% larger-still larger for the most socially costly crimes of assault and drunk driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hansen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1285, United States; NBER, United States; IZA, Germany.
| | - Glen R Waddell
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1285, United States; IZA, Germany.
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19
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Hansen B. Dexamethasone May Reduce Sore Throat Symptoms in Adults at 48 Hours. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96:260-261. [PMID: 28925675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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20
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Garza-Villarreal EA, Chakravarty MM, Hansen B, Eskildsen SF, Devenyi GA, Castillo-Padilla D, Balducci T, Reyes-Zamorano E, Jespersen SN, Perez-Palacios P, Patel R, Gonzalez-Olvera JJ. The effect of crack cocaine addiction and age on the microstructure and morphology of the human striatum and thalamus using shape analysis and fast diffusion kurtosis imaging. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1122. [PMID: 28485734 PMCID: PMC5534960 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum and thalamus are subcortical structures intimately involved in addiction. The morphology and microstructure of these have been studied in murine models of cocaine addiction (CA), showing an effect of drug use, but also chronological age in morphology. Human studies using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown inconsistencies in volume changes, and have also shown an age effect. In this exploratory study, we used MRI-based volumetric and novel shape analysis, as well as a novel fast diffusion kurtosis imaging sequence to study the morphology and microstructure of striatum and thalamus in crack CA compared to matched healthy controls (HCs), while investigating the effect of age and years of cocaine consumption. We did not find significant differences in volume and mean kurtosis (MKT) between groups. However, we found significant contraction of nucleus accumbens in CA compared to HCs. We also found significant age-related changes in volume and MKT of CA in striatum and thalamus that are different to those seen in normal aging. Interestingly, we found different effects and contributions of age and years of consumption in volume, displacement and MKT changes, suggesting that each measure provides different but complementing information about morphological brain changes, and that not all changes are related to the toxicity or the addiction to the drug. Our findings suggest that the use of finer methods and sequences provides complementing information about morphological and microstructural changes in CA, and that brain alterations in CA are related cocaine use and age differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Garza-Villarreal
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico,Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14370, Mexico. E-mail:
| | - MM Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G A Devenyi
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Castillo-Padilla
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico,Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - T Balducci
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Reyes-Zamorano
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico,School of Psychology, Universidad Anáhuac México Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S N Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Perez-Palacios
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Patel
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J J Gonzalez-Olvera
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ‘Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz’, Mexico City, Mexico
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Miller KE, Grossnickle JA, Brooks RD, Deards CL, DeHart TE, Dellinger M, Fishburn MB, Guo HY, Hansen B, Hayward JW, Hoffman AL, Kimball WS, Lee KY, Lotz DE, Melnik PA, Milroy RD, Pietrzyk ZA, Vlasses GC, Ohuchi FS, Tankut A. The TCS Upgrade: Design, Construction, Conditioning, and Enhanced RMF FRC Performance. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Miller
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - J. A. Grossnickle
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - R. D. Brooks
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - C. L. Deards
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - T. E. DeHart
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - M. Dellinger
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - M. B. Fishburn
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - H. Y. Guo
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - B. Hansen
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - J. W. Hayward
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - A. L. Hoffman
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - W. S. Kimball
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - K. Y. Lee
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - D. E. Lotz
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - P. A. Melnik
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - R. D. Milroy
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - Z. A. Pietrzyk
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - G. C. Vlasses
- University of Washington Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98052
| | - F. S. Ohuchi
- University of Washington Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - A. Tankut
- University of Washington Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Hansen B. 341 Evaluation of corn distiller's solubles on finishing steer performance. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kjølby B, Khan A, Chuhutin A, Pedersen L, Jensen J, Jakobsen S, Zeidler D, Sangill R, Nyengaard J, Jespersen S, Hansen B. Fast diffusion kurtosis imaging of fibrotic mouse kidneys. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:1709-1719. [PMID: 27731906 PMCID: PMC5123986 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is sensitive to tissue microstructure and may therefore be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease in brain and body organs. Generally, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in the body is challenging because of the heterogeneous body composition, which can cause image artefacts as a result of chemical shifts and susceptibility differences. In addition, the abdomen possesses physiological factors (e.g. breathing, heartbeat, blood flow) which may severely reduce image quality, especially when echo planar imaging is employed, as is typical in dMRI. Collectively, these challenging measurement conditions impede the use and exploration of DKI in the body. This impediment is further exacerbated by the traditionally large amount of data required for DKI and the low signal-to-noise ratio at the b-values needed to effectively probe the kurtosis regime. Recently introduced fast DKI techniques reduce the challenge of DKI in the body by decreasing the data requirement substantially, so that, for example, triggering and breath-hold techniques may be applied for the entire DKI acquisition without causing unfeasible scan times. One common pathological condition for which body DKI may be of immediate clinical value is kidney fibrosis, which causes progressive changes in organ microstructure. With its sensitivity to microstructure, DKI is an obvious candidate for a non-invasive evaluation method. We present preclinical evidence indicating that the rapidly obtainable tensor-derived mean kurtosis ( W̅) distinguishes moderately fibrotic kidneys from healthy controls. The presence and degree of fibrosis are confirmed by histology, which also indicates fibrosis as the main driver behind the DKI differences observed between groups. We therefore conclude that fast kurtosis is a likely candidate for an MRI-based method for the detection and monitoring of renal fibrosis. We provide protocol recommendations for fast renal DKI in humans based on a b-value optimisation performed using data acquired at 3 T in normal human kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.F. Kjølby
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A.R. Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A. Chuhutin
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. Pedersen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J.B. Jensen
- The PET centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S. Jakobsen
- The PET centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D. Zeidler
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R. Sangill
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J.R Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S.N. Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B. Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Corresponding Author: Brian Hansen, CFIN, Aarhus University, Building 10G, 5th Floor, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark,
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Hallam D, Hansen B, Bødker B, Klintorp S, Pedersen JF. Pyloric Size in Normal Infants and in Infants Suspected of Having Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418519503600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyloric muscle thickness (PMT) and pyloric diameter (PD) were determined by sonography in 92 healthy infants aged 8 to 70 days. PMT and PD measured median 2.0 mm and 10.0 mm. There was a significant correlation between the pyloric dimensions and the infant's age, p<0.02 and p<0.00001 for PMT and PD, respectively. In 26 infants with an initial diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), but with a final diagnosis of no HPS the mean figures were 2.4 and 11.0 mm, and in 21 infants with HPS, confirmed at surgery, the figures were 4.0 and 14.0. The pyloric dimensions in the 3 groups differed significantly. The larger-than-normal pyloric dimensions in the “no HPS” group suggest that some of these patients suffered from milder degrees of HPS.
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Collí-Dulá RC, Friedman MA, Hansen B, Denslow ND. Transcriptomics analysis and hormonal changes of male and female neonatal rats treated chronically with a low dose of acrylamide in their drinking water. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:414-426. [PMID: 28959563 PMCID: PMC5615912 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is known to produce follicular cell tumors of the thyroid in rats. RccHan Wistar rats were exposed in utero to a carcinogenic dose of acrylamide (3 mg/Kg bw/day) from gestation day 6 to delivery and then through their drinking water to postnatal day 35. In order to identify potential mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the thyroid glands, we used a transcriptomics approach. Thyroid glands were collected from male pups at 10 PM and female pups at 10 AM or 10 PM in order to establish whether active exposure to acrylamide influenced gene expression patterns or pathways that could be related to carcinogenesis. While all animals exposed to acrylamide showed changes in expected target pathways related to carcinogenesis such as DNA repair, DNA replication, chromosome segregation, among others; animals that were sacrificed while actively drinking acrylamide-laced water during their active period at night showed increased changes in pathways related to oxidative stress, detoxification pathways, metabolism, and activation of checkpoint pathways, among others. In addition, thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), were increased in acrylamide-treated rats sampled at night, but not in quiescent animals when compared to controls. The data clearly indicate that time of day for sample collection is critical to identifying molecular pathways that are altered by the exposures. These results suggest that carcinogenesis in the thyroids of acrylamide treated rats may ensue from several different mechanisms such as hormonal changes and oxidative stress and not only from direct genotoxicity, as has been assumed to date.
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Key Words
- ADA, adenosine Deaminase
- ADRB2, adrenergic
- ASF1B, anti-Silencing Function 1B Histone Chaperone
- Acrylamide
- BRIP1, BRCA1 Interacting Protein C-Terminal Helicase 1
- BUB1B, BUB1 Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Kinase B
- C1QTNF3, C1q and Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Protein 3
- C5, complement Component 5
- CALCR, calcitonin receptor
- CARD9, caspase recruitment domain family
- CCNA2, cyclin A2
- CCNG1, cyclin G1
- CD45, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- CD46, CD46 molecule
- CDC45, cell division cycle 45
- CDCA2, cell division cycle associated 2
- CDCA5, cell division cycle associated 5
- CENPT, centromere protein T
- CFB, complement factor B
- CGA, glycoprotein hormones
- CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DAD1, defender against cell death 1
- DCTPP1, DCTP pyrophosphatase 1
- DNMT3A, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha
- DUOX2, dual oxidase 2
- GCG, glucagon
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase
- GOLGA3, golgin A3
- GSTM1, glutathione S-transferase Mu 1
- GSTP1, glutathione S-transferase Pi 1
- HPSE, heparanase
- HSPA5, heat shock 70 kDa protein 5
- HSPB1, heat shock 27 KDa protein
- HSPB2, heat shock 27 kDa protein 2
- HSPH1, heat shock 105 kDa/110 kDa protein 1
- HTATIP2, HIV-1 tat interactive protein 2
- ID1, inhibitor of DNA binding 1
- IGF2, Insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)
- IL1B, interleukin 1
- INHBA, inhibin
- IYD, iodotyrosine deiodinase
- KIF20B, kinesin family member 20B
- KIF22, kinesin family Member 22
- KLK1, kallikrein 1
- LAMA2, laminin, alpha 2
- MCM8, minichromosome maintenance complex component 8
- MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- MIS18A, MIS18 kinetochore protein A
- NDC80, NDC80 kinetochore complex component
- NPPC, natriuretic peptide precursor C
- NPY, neuropeptide
- NUBP1, nucleotide binding protein 1
- ORC1, origin recognition complex
- PDE3A, phosphodiesterase 3A
- PINK1, PTEN induced putative kinase 1
- PLCD1, phospholipase C
- PLK1, polo-like kinase 1
- POMC, proopiomelanocortin
- PRKAA2, protein kinase
- PRL, prolactin
- PRODH, proline dehydrogenase
- PTGIS, prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase
- PTGS1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1
- RAB5A, RAB5A
- RAN, ras-related nuclear protein
- RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase M2
- RccHan Wistar
- SCL5A5, solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter)
- SELP, selectin P (granule membrane protein 140 kDa
- SPAG8, sperm associated antigen 8
- TACC3, transforming
- TBCB, tubulin folding cofactor B
- TFRC, transferrin receptor
- TOP2A, topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha
- TPO, thyroid peroxidase
- TSHR, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor
- TSN, translin
- Thyroid
- Transcriptomics
- VWF, Von Willebrand Factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Cristina Collí-Dulá
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Hansen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, D-211134, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Pidlisecky A, Moran T, Hansen B, Knight R. Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Seawater Intrusion into the Monterey Bay Aquifer System. Ground Water 2016; 54:255-261. [PMID: 26085452 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use electrical resistivity tomography to obtain a 6.8-km electrical resistivity image to a depth of approximately 150 m.b.s.l. along the coast of Monterey Bay. The resulting image is used to determine the subsurface distribution of saltwater- and freshwater-saturated sediments and the geologic controls on fluid distributions in the region. Data acquisition took place over two field seasons in 2011 and 2012. To maximize our ability to image both vertical and horizontal variations in the subsurface, a combination of dipole-dipole, Wenner, Wenner-gamma, and gradient measurements were made, resulting in a large final dataset of approximately 139,000 data points. The resulting resistivity section extends to a depth of 150 m.b.s.l., and is used, in conjunction with the gamma logs from four coastal monitoring wells to identify four dominant lithologic units. From these data, we are able to infer the existence of a contiguous clay layer in the southern portion of our transect, which prevents downward migration of the saltwater observed in the upper 25 m of the subsurface to the underlying freshwater aquifer. The saltwater and brackish water in the northern portion of the transect introduce the potential for seawater intrusion into the hydraulically connected freshwater aquifer to the south, not just from the ocean, but also laterally from north to south.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Moran
- Water in the West, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305..
| | - B Hansen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4..
| | - R Knight
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305..
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Hansen B, Howe A, Sutton P, Ronan K. Impact of client feedback on clinical outcomes for young people using public mental health services: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:617-9. [PMID: 26004745 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on research conducted in public health settings with young people who have serious mental health issues. An easy to use feedback system for clinicians providing psychotherapy was assessed against treatment as usual. Data were collected on four widely used outcome measures. There has been little previous research in this area. We found evidence for treatment effects. There was some evidence supportive of the feedback system but further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hansen
- Child & Youth Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Annette Howe
- Child & Youth Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Sutton
- Child & Youth Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Ronan
- CQ University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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Tietze A, Hansen MB, Østergaard L, Jespersen SN, Sangill R, Lund TE, Geneser M, Hjelm M, Hansen B. Mean Diffusional Kurtosis in Patients with Glioma: Initial Results with a Fast Imaging Method in a Clinical Setting. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1472-8. [PMID: 25977481 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusional kurtosis imaging is an MR imaging technique that provides microstructural information in biologic systems. Its application in clinical studies, however, is hampered by long acquisition and postprocessing times. We evaluated a new and fast (2 minutes 46 seconds) diffusional kurtosis imaging method with regard to glioma grading, compared it with conventional diffusional kurtosis imaging, and compared the diagnostic accuracy of fast mean kurtosis (MK') to that of the widely used mean diffusivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS MK' and mean diffusivity were measured in the contrast-enhancing tumor core, the perifocal hyperintensity (indicated on T2 FLAIR images), and the contralateral normal-appearing white and gray matter of 34 patients (22 with high-grade and 12 with low-grade gliomas). MK' and mean diffusivity in the different tumor grades were compared by using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the areas under the curve were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MK' and mean diffusivity. RESULTS MK' in the tumor core, but not mean diffusivity, differentiated high-grade from low-grade gliomas, and MK' differentiated glioblastomas from the remaining gliomas with high accuracy (area under the curveMK' = 0.842; PMK' < .001). MK' and mean diffusivity identified glioblastomas in the group of high-grade gliomas with similar significance and accuracy (area under the curveMK' = 0.886; area under the curvemean diffusivity = 0.876; PMK' = .003; Pmean diffusivity = .004). The mean MK' in all tissue types was comparable to that obtained by conventional diffusional kurtosis imaging. CONCLUSIONS The diffusional kurtosis imaging approach used here is considerably faster than conventional diffusional kurtosis imaging methods but yields comparable results. It can be accommodated in clinical protocols and enables exploration of the role of MK' as a biomarker in determining glioma subtypes or response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tietze
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.T., L.Ø., M.G., M.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
| | - M B Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
| | - L Østergaard
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.T., L.Ø., M.G., M.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
| | - S N Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.) Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.N.J.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R Sangill
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
| | - T E Lund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
| | - M Geneser
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.T., L.Ø., M.G., M.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
| | - M Hjelm
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.T., L.Ø., M.G., M.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine (A.T., M.B.H., L.Ø., S.N.J., R.S., T.E.L., M.G., B.H.)
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Fennell TR, Snyder R, Hansen B, Friedman M. Dosimetry of Acrylamide and Glycidamide Over the Lifespan in a 2-Year Bioassay of Acrylamide in Wistar Han Rats. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:386-94. [PMID: 26141391 PMCID: PMC4517054 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is an industrial chemical used to manufacture polymers, and is produced in foods during cooking at high heat. Hemoglobin adducts provide a long-lived dosimeter for acrylamide and glycidamide. This study determined acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adducts (AAVal and GAVal) during a lifetime carcinogenesis bioassay. Exposure to acrylamide in drinking water began in utero in pregnant rats on gestation day 6. Dams were administered acrylamide until weaning, and male and female F1 rats were exposed for a further 104 weeks. Acrylamide concentration in drinking water was adjusted to provide a constant dose of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg/day. Blood was collected from animals euthanized at 2, 60, 90, and 120 days and 53, 79, and 104 weeks after weaning. Low levels of AAVal and GAVal at postnatal day 24 suggested that little exposure to acrylamide occurred by placental or lactational transfer, and extensive metabolism to glycidamide occurred with a GAVal:AAVal ratio of 4. Adduct levels varied somewhat from 60 days to 2 years, with a GAVal:AAVal ratio of approximately 1. Adduct formation/day estimated at each timepoint at 3 mg/kg/day for AAVal was 1293 ± 220 and 1096 ± 338 fmol/mg/day for male and female rats, respectively. Adduct formation per day estimated at each timepoint at 3 mg/kg/day for GAVal was 827 ± 78 fmol/mg/day for male rats, and 982 ± 222 fmol/mg/day for female rats. The study has provided estimates of linearity for dose response, and variability in internal dose throughout an entire 2-year bioassay, including the early phases of pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Snyder
- *RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Benjamin Hansen
- LPT Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany; and
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Malmqvist L, Biering-Sørensen T, Bartholdy K, Krassioukov A, Welling KL, Svendsen JH, Kruse A, Hansen B, Biering-Sørensen F. Reponse to 'Estimating the autonomic function from heart rate variability in mechanically ventilated patients after spinal cord injury'. Spinal Cord 2015; 53:839-40. [PMID: 26032750 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Malmqvist
- Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Bartholdy
- Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Krassioukov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, ICORD, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Spinal Cord Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K-L Welling
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J H Svendsen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Kruse
- Spine Section, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Hansen
- Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Maronpot RR, Thoolen RJMM, Hansen B. Two-year carcinogenicity study of acrylamide in Wistar Han rats with in utero exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:189-95. [PMID: 25553597 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is an important chemical with widespread industrial and other uses in addition to generalized population exposure from certain cooked foods. Previous rat studies to assess the carcinogenic potential of acrylamide have been carried out exclusively in the Fischer 344 rat with identification of a number of tumors amongst which mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis is an important tumor endpoint in the classification of acrylamide as a 'probably human carcinogen. In a rat carcinogenicity study to determine the human relevance of mesotheliomas Wistar Han rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0mg acrylamide/kg body weight/day in drinking water starting at gestation day 6. At the end of two years, mammary gland fibroadenomas in females and thyroid follicular cell tumors in both sexes were the only tumors increased in acrylamide treated rats. These tumor endpoints have rat-specific modes of action suggesting less likelihood of human cancer risk than previously estimated. This study demonstrates that tunica vaginalis mesotheliomas are strain specific and not likely of genotoxic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Maronpot
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
| | | | - B Hansen
- LPT Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
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Malmqvist L, Biering-Sørensen T, Bartholdy K, Krassioukov A, Welling KL, Svendsen JH, Kruse A, Hansen B, Biering-Sørensen F. Assessment of autonomic function after acute spinal cord injury using heart rate variability analyses. Spinal Cord 2014; 53:54-8. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Knobloch KH, Hansen B, Berlin J. Medium-Induced Formation of Indole Alkaloids and Concomitant Changes of Interrelated Enzyme Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1981-1-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently medium conditions have been developed which stimulate the formation of the indole alkaloid ajmalicine in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus [6]. When cells were subjected to these conditions the alkaloid accumulation was preceded by a 12-fold increase of the specific activity of tryptophan decarboxylase. The enzyme activity showed a maximum two days after the cell transfer into the induction medium and subsequently declined. In contrast the activity of strictosidine synthase, the enzyme condensing tryptamine and secologanin, was present over the entire measuring period at a constant level. The intracellular content of tryptamine and ajmalicine increased during a period of 6 days after cell transfer and reached a plateau after that time. A possible regulatory function of tryptophan decarboxylase in indole alkaloid biosynthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.-H. Knobloch
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung m.b.H., Abteilung Pflanzliche Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-3300 Braunschweig
| | - B. Hansen
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung m.b.H., Abteilung Pflanzliche Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-3300 Braunschweig
| | - J. Berlin
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung m.b.H., Abteilung Pflanzliche Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-3300 Braunschweig
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Hansen B, Alfstad K, Roy BV, Lossius M. Self- and parent reported sleep problems in children and youths with epilepsy. Preliminary findings from a study in a tertiary epilepsy center. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rask J, Lynge E, Franzmann M, Hansen B, Hjortebjerg A, Rygaard C, Schledermann D, Wåhlin A, Rebolj M. Impact of technology on cytology outcome in cervical cancer screening of young and older women. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2168-79. [PMID: 24122730 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about age-dependent variation in outcomes of cervical cytology with modern technologies. This population-based study evaluated age-dependent changes after routine implementation of ThinPrep and SurePath technology in two independent laboratories, and controlled for time trends in a third laboratory using manually read conventional cytology continually. Data were collected from the Danish National Health Care Registers. For each laboratory, we compared proportions of abnormal cytology defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (ASCUS+) by age and technology phase. The study included 489,960 cytological samples with no recent abnormality from women aged 23-59 years, routinely screened between 1998 and 2007. Implementation of SurePath liquid-based cytology (LBC) was followed by an increase in abnormal cytology in women aged 23-29 years from 4.6 to 6.1%, relative proportion (RP): 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.61], and a decrease in women aged 45-59 years from 2.9 to 2.0%, RP: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60-0.83). Implementation of ThinPrep LBC was followed by a decrease in abnormal cytology both in women aged 23-29 years from 7.7 to 6.8%, RP: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78-1.02) and in women aged 45-59 years from 3.4 to 1.0%, RP: 0.30 (95% CI: 0.24-0.37). With implementation of imaging-assisted reading, regardless of the brand of technology, the proportion of abnormality increased by around 30% in all age groups (range from 19 to 41%). In the laboratory with unchanged technology no trends in abnormality proportions were observed. The impact of LBC implementation on cytological abnormality proportions varied considerably across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rask
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen B, Sorbo B. Radioprotective Effect of Aminoalkyl Thioesters. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418516105600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent reports have provided conflicting evidence on the stability of CCR3 expression on the surface of basophils. Hence we wanted to independently evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of CCR3 as a surrogate marker of basophil activation and function. METHODS We examined the correlative relationship between CCR3 expression on the surface of donor basophils and histamine release after donor basophils were treated with agonistic antibodies directed against the high-affinity IgE-Fc receptor and serum samples from 80 individuals displaying symptoms of chronic urticaria (CU). RESULTS We observed that CCR3 was significantly downregulated on donor basophils treated with the agonistic antibody and CU-patient serum that demonstrated positive "histamine-releasing activity" (HRA scores >10). However, CCR3 downregulation was also observed on donor basophils incubated with more than 40% of CU-patient serum samples with HRA scores less than or equal to 10. CONCLUSIONS Overall our data show that CCR3 demonstrates adequate sensitivity (83%) but weak specificity (59%) in its ability to reliably identify histamine-releasing activated basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaruni Khanolkar
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | | | | | - Harry R. Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Johnson A, Richard B, Ellemberg D, Hansen B. Eccentricity-dependent sensitivity loss of amplitude spectrum slope discrimination. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Richard B, Hansen B, Ellemberg D, Johnson A. Size dependent increase in sensitivity to the slope of the amplitude spectrum is not solely dependent on the increased low spatial frequency representation of larger stimuli. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Benito J, Depuy V, Hardie E, Zamprogno H, Thomson A, Simpson W, Roe S, Hansen B, Lascelles BDX. Reliability and discriminatory testing of a client-based metrology instrument, feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. Vet J 2013; 196:368-73. [PMID: 23369382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Benito
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Benito J, Hansen B, DePuy V, Davidson G, Thomson A, Simpson W, Roe S, Hardie E, Lascelles B. Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index: Responsiveness and Testing of Criterion Validity. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:474-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Benito
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - B. Hansen
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - V. DePuy
- Bowden Statistical Consulting; Oxford NC
| | - G.S. Davidson
- Clinical Pharmacy Services; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - A. Thomson
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - W. Simpson
- Morrisville Cat Hospital; Morrisville NC
| | - S. Roe
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - E. Hardie
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - B.D.X. Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
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Fujita H, Hansen B, Hanel R. Bacterial Contamination of Stethoscope Chest Pieces and the Effect of Daily Cleaning. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:354-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Fujita
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B. Hansen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Complex; Raleigh NC
| | - R. Hanel
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Complex; Raleigh NC
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Hansen B, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kracht M, Windheim M. Regulation of NF-κB-dependent gene expression by ligand-induced endocytosis of the interleukin-1 receptor. Cell Signal 2013; 25:214-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hansen B, Richard B, Johnson A, Ellemberg D. Surround suppression of contrast sensitivity with natural scene stimuli. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Richard B, Hansen B, Ellemberg D, Johnson A. Size matters: Increasing stimulus size reduces thresholds in an amplitude spectrum discrimination task. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ellemberg D, Richard B, Johnson A, Hansen B. Centre-surround interactions on apparent contrast endure with broad-band stimuli. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ellingsen K, Mejdell CM, Hansen B, Grøndahl AM, Henriksen BIF, Vaarst M. Veterinarians’ and agricultural advisors’ perception of calf health and welfare in organic dairy production in Norway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13165-012-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brandstrup B, Svendsen PE, Rasmussen M, Belhage B, Rodt SÅ, Hansen B, Møller DR, Lundbech LB, Andersen N, Berg V, Thomassen N, Andersen ST, Simonsen L. Which goal for fluid therapy during colorectal surgery is followed by the best outcome: near-maximal stroke volume or zero fluid balance? Br J Anaesth 2012; 109:191-9. [PMID: 22710266 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate whether fluid therapy with a goal of near-maximal stroke volume (SV) guided by oesophageal Doppler (ED) monitoring result in a better outcome than that with a goal of maintaining bodyweight (BW) and zero fluid balance in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. METHODS In a double-blinded clinical multicentre trial, 150 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were randomized to receive fluid therapy after either the goal of near-maximal SV guided by ED (Doppler, D group) or the goal of zero balance and normal BW (Zero balance, Z group). Stratification for laparoscopic and open surgery was performed. The postoperative fluid therapy was similar in the two groups. The primary endpoint was postoperative complications defined and divided into subgroups by protocol. Analysis was performed by intention-to-treat. The follow-up was 30 days. The trial had 85% power to show a difference between the groups. RESULTS The number of patients undergoing laparoscopic or open surgery and the patient characteristics were similar between the groups. No significant differences between the groups were found for overall, major, minor, cardiopulmonary, or tissue-healing complications (P-values: 0.79; 0.62; 0.97; 0.48; and 0.48, respectively). One patient died in each group. No significant difference was found for the length of hospital stay [median (range) Z: 5.00 (1-61) vs D: 5.00 (2-41); P=0.206]. CONCLUSIONS Goal-directed fluid therapy to near-maximal SV guided by ED adds no extra value to the fluid therapy using zero balance and normal BW in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brandstrup
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegaardsallé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
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Schouten JNL, Nevens F, Hansen B, Laleman W, van den Born M, Komuta M, Roskams T, Verheij J, Janssen HLA. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension is associated with poor survival: results of a long-term cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:1424-33. [PMID: 22536808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) is a rare disease in the Western world. As a result, little is known about the clinical characteristics and outcome of these patients. Survival in these patients is considered to be similar to that of the general population. AIM To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, outcome and determinants of survival in Western INCPH patients. METHODS Multicentre cohort study of INCPH patients. RESULTS A total of 62 patients were followed for a median time of 90 months (range 24-310). Initial manifestations leading to the diagnosis of INCPH were related to portal hypertension in 82% of the patients. Histological signs of portal blood supply disturbances were present in nearly all patients. During follow-up, 12 of 62 patients developed liver decompensation, of which four were considered for liver transplantation. One patient died in the context of variceal bleeding. Hepatocellular carcinoma was not observed during follow-up. A total of 23 patients died during follow-up, only four of them due to liver related mortality. The Kaplan-Meier estimates for overall survival were 100% (95% CI 95-100%), 78% (95% CI 67-89%) and 56% (95% CI 40-72%) at 1, 5 and 10 years respectively. Survival for INCPH was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) compared to survival of the general population. Ascites was an independent predictor of poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS In comparison to the general population, survival in INCPH patients is poor. Mortality is related to associated disorders and medical conditions occurring at older age. Patients rarely die due to liver related complications. Patients with ascites have a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N L Schouten
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dennis-Koller D, Escobedo-Diaz J, Cerreta E, Bronkhorst C, Hansen B, Lebensohn R, Mourad H, Patterson B, Tonks D. Isolation of kinetic and spatial properties of uni-axial dynamic tensile loading of OFHC copper. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20122601040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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