1
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Xu P, Zhang P, Zhu X, Wu Y, Harvey PJ, Kaas Q, Zhangsun D, Craik DJ, Luo S. Structure-Activity Relationships of Alanine Scan Mutants αO-Conotoxins GeXIVA[1,2] and GeXIVA[1,4]. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37464764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA is a selective α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor displaying two disulfide bonds that can form three isomers. The bead (GeXIVA[1,2]) and ribbon (GeXIVA[1,4]) isomers possess the highest activity on rat and human α9α10 nAChRs. However, the molecular mechanism by which they inhibit the α9α10 nAChR is unknown. Here, an alanine scan of GeXIVA was used to elucidate key interactions between the peptides and the α9α10 nAChR. The majority of GeXIVA[1,2] analogues preserved affinity at α9α10 nAChR, but [R17A]GeXIVA[1,2] enhanced selectivity on the α9α10 nAChR. The I23A replacement of GeXIVA[1,4] increased activity at both rat and human α9α10 nAChRs by 10-fold. Surprisingly, these results do not support the molecular model of an interaction in the orthosteric binding site proposed previously, but rather may involve allosteric coupling with the voltage-sensitive domain of the α9α10 nAChR. These results could help to guide further development of GeXIVA analogues as analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sulan Luo
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Mamahit YP, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of homogeneous misfolded glycoprotein interleukin-8. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108847. [PMID: 37354703 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
To uncover how cells distinguish between misfolded and correctly-folded glycoproteins, homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins are needed as a probe for analysis of their structure and chemical characteristic nature. In this study, we have synthesized misfolded glycosyl interleukin-8 (IL-8) by combining E. coli expression and chemical synthesis to improve the synthetic efficiency. In order to prepare N-terminal peptide-thioester segment (1-33), we prepared an E. coli expressed peptide and then activated the C-terminal Cys by using an intramolecular N-to-S acyl shift reaction, followed by trans-thioesterification of the Cys-thioester with an external bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amine (SEA). The glycopeptide segment (34-49) was prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis and the C-terminal peptide (50-72) was prepared in E. coli. These peptide and glycopeptide segments were successfully coupled by sequential native chemical ligation. To obtain homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins by shuffling the disulfide bond pattern, folding conditions were optimized to maximize the yield of individual homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugoviandi P Mamahit
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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3
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Vink S, Akondi KB, Jin J, Poth K, Torres AM, Kuchel PW, Burke SL, Head GA, Alewood PF. Taipan Natriuretic Peptides Are Potent and Selective Agonists for the Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073063. [PMID: 37049825 PMCID: PMC10095932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular ailments are a major cause of mortality where over 1.3 billion people suffer from hypertension leading to heart-disease related deaths. Snake venoms possess a broad repertoire of natriuretic peptides with therapeutic potential for treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, and related cardiovascular disease. We now describe several taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) natriuretic peptides TNPa-e which stimulated cGMP production through the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) with higher potencies for the rat NPR-A (rNPR-A) over human NPR-A (hNPR-A). TNPc and TNPd were the most potent, demonstrating 100- and 560-fold selectivity for rNPR-A over hNPR-A. In vivo studies found that TNPc decreased diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) and increased heart rate (HR) in conscious normotensive rabbits, to a level that was similar to that of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP). TNPc also enhanced the bradycardia due to cardiac afferent stimulation (Bezold-Jarisch reflex). This indicated that TNPc possesses the ability to lower blood pressure and facilitate cardiac vagal afferent reflexes but unlike hANP does not produce tachycardia. The 3-dimensional structure of TNPc was well defined within the pharmacophoric disulfide ring, displaying two turn-like regions (RMSD = 1.15 Å). Further, its much greater biological stability together with its selectivity and potency will enhance its usefulness as a biological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vink
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kalyana Bharati Akondi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Jin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kim Poth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Allan M Torres
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2759, Australia
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
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4
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Wu QX, Shu T, Fang WY, Qin HL. Discovery of KOH+BrCH2SO2F as a Water‐Removable System for the Clean, Mild and Robust Synthesis of Amides and Peptides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wu
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan CHINA
| | - Tao Shu
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan CHINA
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan CHINA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology Chemistry 205 Luoshi Road 430070 Wuhan CHINA
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5
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Zainal Baharin NH, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Mohd Desa MN, Gopalsamy B, Mohd Zaki NN, Yuswan MH, Muthanna A, Dzaraly ND, Abbasiliasi S, Mohd Hashim A, Abdullah Sani MS, Mustafa S. The characteristics and roles of antimicrobial peptides as potential treatment for antibiotic-resistant pathogens: a review. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12193. [PMID: 35003909 PMCID: PMC8679955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a significant and ever-increasing threat to global public health, increasing both morbidity and mortality rates, and the financial burden on health services. Infection by drug-resistant bacteria is anticipated to contribute to the demise of almost 10 million people by the year 2050 unless a competent and effective response is devised to engage with this issue. The emergence and spread of resistance are commonly caused by the excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics and substandard pharmaceuticals. It arises when pathogens adapt to different conditions and develop self-defence mechanisms. Currently, novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been reported to be the sole cure for some clinical cases of infectious diseases such as sepsis and skin infections, although these agents may, on occasion, require administration together with an adjunctive low-dose antibiotic. Although AMPs are a promising alternative form of anti-microbial therapy and easily applied in the medical sector, they still have limitations that should not be taken lightly. Hence, this review explores the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of AMPs for their potential in treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hana Zainal Baharin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fadhilah Khairil Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Nadiha Mohd Zaki
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafis Yuswan
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - AbdulRahman Muthanna
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Diana Dzaraly
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis of Oxytocin and Analogues. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2384:175-199. [PMID: 34550575 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1759-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis is the most commonly used method for the production of peptides. In this chapter, we outline the standard operating procedures used in our laboratory to efficiently access oxytocin-like peptides. This includes detailed descriptions of equipment setup, reagent selection, peptide assembly on solid support, peptide side chain deprotection and cleavage from the solid support, oxidative folding, purification, and analysis.
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7
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Li X, Gohain N, Chen S, Li Y, Zhao X, Li B, Tolbert WD, He W, Pazgier M, Hu H, Lu W. Design of ultrahigh-affinity and dual-specificity peptide antagonists of MDM2 and MDMX for P53 activation and tumor suppression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2655-2669. [PMID: 34589387 PMCID: PMC8463443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide inhibition of the interactions of the tumor suppressor protein P53 with its negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX activates P53 in vitro and in vivo, representing a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Using phage display techniques, we previously identified a potent peptide activator of P53, termed PMI (TSFAEYWNLLSP), with binding affinities for both MDM2 and MDMX in the low nanomolar concentration range. Here we report an ultrahigh affinity, dual-specificity peptide antagonist of MDM2 and MDMX obtained through systematic mutational analysis and additivity-based molecular design. Functional assays of over 100 peptide analogs of PMI using surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence polarization techniques yielded a dodecameric peptide termed PMI-M3 (LTFLEYWAQLMQ) that bound to MDM2 and MDMX with Kd values in the low picomolar concentration range as verified by isothermal titration calorimetry. Co-crystal structures of MDM2 and of MDMX in complex with PMI-M3 were solved at 1.65 and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively. Similar to PMI, PMI-M3 occupied the P53-binding pocket of MDM2/MDMX, which was dominated energetically by intermolecular interactions involving Phe3, Tyr6, Trp7, and Leu10. Notable differences in binding between PMI-M3 and PMI were observed at other positions such as Leu4 and Met11 with MDM2, and Leu1 and Met11 with MDMX, collectively contributing to a significantly enhanced binding affinity of PMI-M3 for both proteins. By adding lysine residues to both ends of PMI and PMI-M3 to improve their cellular uptake, we obtained modified peptides termed PMI-2K (KTSFAEYWNLLSPK) and M3-2K (KLTFLEYWAQLMQK). Compared with PMI-2K, M3-2K exhibited significantly improved antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo in a P53-dependent manner. This super-strong peptide inhibitor of the P53-MDM2/MDMX interactions may become, in its own right, a powerful lead compound for anticancer drug development, and can aid molecular design of other classes of P53 activators as well for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wangxiao He
- Department of Talent Highland, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 54237607 (Wuyuan Lu), +86 21 66131281 (Honggang Hu), +1 301 295 3291 (Marzena Pazgier).
| | - Honggang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 54237607 (Wuyuan Lu), +86 21 66131281 (Honggang Hu), +1 301 295 3291 (Marzena Pazgier).
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity of School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 54237607 (Wuyuan Lu), +86 21 66131281 (Honggang Hu), +1 301 295 3291 (Marzena Pazgier).
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8
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Li C, Callahan AJ, Simon MD, Totaro KA, Mijalis AJ, Phadke KS, Zhang G, Hartrampf N, Schissel CK, Zhou M, Zong H, Hanson GJ, Loas A, Pohl NLB, Verhoeven DE, Pentelute BL. Fully automated fast-flow synthesis of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4396. [PMID: 34285203 PMCID: PMC8292409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid development of antisense therapies can enable on-demand responses to new viral pathogens and make personalized medicine for genetic diseases practical. Antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are promising candidates to fill such a role, but their challenging synthesis limits their widespread application. To rapidly prototype potential PMO drug candidates, we report a fully automated flow-based oligonucleotide synthesizer. Our optimized synthesis platform reduces coupling times by up to 22-fold compared to previously reported methods. We demonstrate the power of our automated technology with the synthesis of milligram quantities of three candidate therapeutic PMO sequences for an unserved class of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To further test our platform, we synthesize a PMO that targets the genomic mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate its antiviral effects. This platform could find broad application not only in designing new SARS-CoV-2 and DMD antisense therapeutics, but also for rapid development of PMO candidates to treat new and emerging diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- COVID-19/virology
- Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic/instrumentation
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/instrumentation
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/drug therapy
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/microbiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- High-Throughput Screening Assays/instrumentation
- High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods
- Humans
- Morpholinos/chemical synthesis
- Morpholinos/pharmacology
- Morpholinos/therapeutic use
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/chemical synthesis
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use
- Precision Medicine/methods
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Time Factors
- Vero Cells
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex J Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle A Totaro
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J Mijalis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kruttika-Suhas Phadke
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carly K Schissel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hong Zong
- Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David E Verhoeven
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Bharucha JP, Sun L, Lu W, Gartner S, Garzino-Demo A. Human Beta-Defensin 2 and 3 Inhibit HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:535352. [PMID: 34277460 PMCID: PMC8281893 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.535352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, secreted by epithelial cells of the skin and mucosae, and astrocytes, which we and others have shown to inhibit HIV-1 in primary CD4+ T cells. Although loss of CD4+ T cells contributes to mucosal immune dysfunction, macrophages are a major source of persistence and spread of HIV and also contribute to the development of various HIV-associated complications. We hypothesized that, besides T cells, hBDs could protect macrophages from HIV. Our data in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in vitro show that hBD2 and hBD3 inhibit HIV replication in a dose-dependent manner. We determined that hBD2 neither alters surface expression of HIV receptors nor induces expression of anti-HIV cytokines or beta-chemokines in MDM. Studies using a G-protein signaling antagonist in a single-cycle reporter virus system showed that hBD2 suppresses HIV at an early post-entry stage via G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling. We find that MDM express the shared chemokine-hBD receptors CCR2 and CCR6, albeit at variable levels among donors. However, cell surface expression analyses show that neither of these receptors is necessary for hBD2-mediated HIV inhibition, suggesting that hBD2 can signal via additional receptor(s). Our data also illustrate that hBD2 treatment was associated with increased expression of APOBEC3A and 3G antiretroviral restriction factors in MDM. These findings suggest that hBD2 inhibits HIV in MDM via more than one CCR thus adding to the potential of using β-defensins in preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Bharucha
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lingling Sun
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Suzanne Gartner
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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10
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Abstract
Since the introduction of insulin almost a century ago, more than 80 peptide drugs have reached the market for a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection and chronic pain. In this Perspective, we summarize key trends in peptide drug discovery and development, covering the early efforts focused on human hormones, elegant medicinal chemistry and rational design strategies, peptide drugs derived from nature, and major breakthroughs in molecular biology and peptide chemistry that continue to advance the field. We emphasize lessons from earlier approaches that are still relevant today as well as emerging strategies such as integrated venomics and peptide-display libraries that create new avenues for peptide drug discovery. We also discuss the pharmaceutical landscape in which peptide drugs could be particularly valuable and analyse the challenges that need to be addressed for them to reach their full potential.
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11
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Naudin EA, McEwen AG, Tan SK, Poussin-Courmontagne P, Schmitt JL, Birck C, DeGrado WF, Torbeev V. Acyl Transfer Catalytic Activity in De Novo Designed Protein with N-Terminus of α-Helix As Oxyanion-Binding Site. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3330-3339. [PMID: 33635059 PMCID: PMC8012002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The design of catalytic proteins with functional sites capable of specific chemistry is gaining momentum and a number of artificial enzymes have recently been reported, including hydrolases, oxidoreductases, retro-aldolases, and others. Our goal is to develop a peptide ligase for robust catalysis of amide bond formation that possesses no stringent restrictions to the amino acid composition at the ligation junction. We report here the successful completion of the first step in this long-term project by building a completely de novo protein with predefined acyl transfer catalytic activity. We applied a minimalist approach to rationally design an oxyanion hole within a small cavity that contains an adjacent thiol nucleophile. The N-terminus of the α-helix with unpaired hydrogen-bond donors was exploited as a structural motif to stabilize negatively charged tetrahedral intermediates in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions at the acyl group. Cysteine acting as a principal catalytic residue was introduced at the second residue position of the α-helix N-terminus in a designed three-α-helix protein based on structural informatics prediction. We showed that this minimal set of functional elements is sufficient for the emergence of catalytic activity in a de novo protein. Using peptide-αthioesters as acyl-donors, we demonstrated their catalyzed amidation concomitant with hydrolysis and proved that the environment at the catalytic site critically influences the reaction outcome. These results represent a promising starting point for the development of efficient catalysts for protein labeling, conjugation, and peptide ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Naudin
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7006), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Alastair G McEwen
- Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), INSERM (U1258), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Sophia K Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, United States
| | - Pierre Poussin-Courmontagne
- Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), INSERM (U1258), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Jean-Louis Schmitt
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7006), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), INSERM (U1258), University of Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, United States
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7006), Strasbourg 67000, France
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12
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van den Kerkhof DL, Nagy M, Wichapong K, Brouns SL, Heemskerk JWM, Hackeng TM, Dijkgraaf I. Inhibition of platelet adhesion, thrombus formation, and fibrin formation by a potent αIIbβ3 integrin inhibitor from ticks. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:231-242. [PMID: 33537548 PMCID: PMC7845065 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks puncture the skin of their hosts and secrete saliva, containing antiplatelet proteins, into the blood. Here, we studied disagregin, a potent platelet-inhibiting protein derived from the salivary glands of Ornithodoros moubata, an African soft tick. Whereas conventional αIIbβ3 antagonists contain an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence for platelet integrin binding, disagregin contains an Arg-Glu-Asp (RED) sequence, hypothesizing a different mode of inhibitory action. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of disagregin and its RGD variant (RGD-disagregin) on platelet activation and to unravel the molecular basis of disagregin-αIIbβ3 integrin interactions. METHODS Disagregin and RGD-disagregin were synthesized by tert-butyloxycarbonyl -based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Effects of both disagregins on platelet aggregation were assessed by light transmission aggregometry in human platelet-rich plasma. Whole-blood thrombus formation was investigated by perfusing blood over collagen I with and without tissue factor at a high wall-shear rate (1000 s-1) in the presence of disagregin, RGD-disagregin, or eptifibatide. RESULTS Disagregin showed inhibition of collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 64 and 99 nM, respectively. This resembled the complete antiaggregatory effect of eptifibatide. Multiparameter assessment of thrombus formation showed highly suppressed platelet adhesion and aggregate formation with both disagregins, in contrast to eptifibatide treatment, which incompletely blocked aggregation under flow. Fibrin formation under flow was delayed by both disagregin and RGD-disagregin (P < .01) and eptifibatide (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Both αIIbβ3-blocking disagregins have a strong potential to suppress collagen-tissue factor-mediated platelet adhesion, thrombus formation, and fibrin formation. Both disagregins can be seen as potential new αIIbβ3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique L. van den Kerkhof
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sanne L.N. Brouns
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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13
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Suylen D, Ippel H, Cañada FJ, Berbís MA, Jiménez-Barbero J, Tai G, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Targeting the CRD F-face of Human Galectin-3 and Allosterically Modulating Glycan Binding by Angiostatic PTX008 and a Structurally Optimized Derivative. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:713-723. [PMID: 33156953 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]arene PTX008 is an angiostatic agent that inhibits tumor growth in mice by binding to galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding lectin. To assess the affinity profile of PTX008 for galectins, we used 15 N,1 H HSQC NMR spectroscopy to show that PTX008 also binds to galectin-3 (Gal-3), albeit more weakly. We identified the contact site for PTX008 on the F-face of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain. STD NMR revealed that the hydrophobic phenyl ring crown of the calixarene is the binding epitope. With this information, we performed molecular modeling of the complex to assist in improving the rather low affinity of PTX008 for Gal-3. By removing the N-dimethyl alkyl chain amide groups, we produced PTX013 whose reduced alkyl chain length and polar character led to an approximately eightfold stronger binding than PTX008. PTX013 also binds Gal-1 more strongly than PTX008, whereas neither interacts strongly, if at all, with Gal-7. In addition, PTX013, like PTX008, is an allosteric inhibitor of galectin binding to the canonical ligand lactose. This study broadens the scope for galectin targeting by calixarene-based compounds and opens the perspective for selective galectin blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Javier Cañada
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alvaro Berbís
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 28009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Gates
- p53 Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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15
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Smirnova MP, Kolodkin NI, Kolobov AA, Afonin VG, Afonina IV, Stefanenko LI, Shpen' VM, Shamova OV, Kolobov AA. Indolicidin analogs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low hemolytic activity. Peptides 2020; 132:170356. [PMID: 32593681 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To create a broad-spectrum peptide biocide, we synthesized 45 analogs of antimicrobial peptide indolicidin (H-Ile-Leu-Pro-Trp-Lys-Trp-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH2). Among them the peptides H-Ile-Leu-Pro-(2-Me)Phe-Lys-(2-Me)Phe-Pro-(2-Me)Phe-(2-Me)Phe-Pro-(2-Me)Phe-Arg-Arg-NH2 and HN2-(CH2)10-Ile-Leu-Pro-D-Phe-Lys-D-Phe-Pro-D-Phe-D-Phe-Pro-D-Phe-Arg-Arg-NH2 have the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity and the lowest hemolytic activity. They are active against all 11 tested strains of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi with MIC50 from 0.9 to 6.1 μg/ml (0.5 to 3.2 μM), being up to 3 times more active than indolicidin, and are at least 1.8 times less hemolytically active than indolicidin (reached the detection limit). These peptides are patented and could be used for further drug development as antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Smirnova
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - N I Kolodkin
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Kolobov
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - V G Afonin
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Afonina
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - L I Stefanenko
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Shpen'
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - O V Shamova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Kolobov
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Verta Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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16
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Heinzmann AC, Karel MF, Coenen DM, Vajen T, Meulendijks NM, Nagy M, Suylen DP, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW, Hackeng TM, Koenen RR. Complementary roles of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin, phosphatidylserine exposure and cytoskeletal rearrangement in the release of extracellular vesicles. Atherosclerosis 2020; 310:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Hartrampf N, Saebi A, Poskus M, Gates ZP, Callahan AJ, Cowfer AE, Hanna S, Antilla S, Schissel CK, Quartararo AJ, Ye X, Mijalis AJ, Simon MD, Loas A, Liu S, Jessen C, Nielsen TE, Pentelute BL. Synthesis of proteins by automated flow chemistry. Science 2020; 368:980-987. [PMID: 32467387 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes can produce proteins in minutes and are largely constrained to proteinogenic amino acids. Here, we report highly efficient chemistry matched with an automated fast-flow instrument for the direct manufacturing of peptide chains up to 164 amino acids long over 327 consecutive reactions. The machine is rapid: Peptide chain elongation is complete in hours. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by the chemical synthesis of nine different protein chains that represent enzymes, structural units, and regulatory factors. After purification and folding, the synthetic materials display biophysical and enzymatic properties comparable to the biologically expressed proteins. High-fidelity automated flow chemistry is an alternative for producing single-domain proteins without the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Saebi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Poskus
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Z P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A E Cowfer
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Antilla
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C K Schissel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Quartararo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - X Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Mijalis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M D Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Jessen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - T E Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - B L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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18
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Stepwise electrochemical deposition and single-molecule conductance of nucleic acid analogues. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Donovan AJ, Dowle J, Yang Y, Weiss MA, Kent SBH. Total synthesis of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and the protein diastereomer [
Gly37D‐Ala
]
BPTI
using Boc chemistry solid phase peptide synthesis. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Donovan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Joanna Dowle
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Yanwu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Michael A. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Stephen B. H. Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
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20
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Mueller LK, Baumruck AC, Zhdanova H, Tietze AA. Challenges and Perspectives in Chemical Synthesis of Highly Hydrophobic Peptides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:162. [PMID: 32195241 PMCID: PMC7064641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides the possibility to chemically synthesize peptides and proteins. Applying the method on hydrophilic structures is usually without major drawbacks but faces extreme complications when it comes to "difficult sequences." These includes the vitally important, ubiquitously present and structurally demanding membrane proteins and their functional parts, such as ion channels, G-protein receptors, and other pore-forming structures. Standard synthetic and ligation protocols are not enough for a successful synthesis of these challenging sequences. In this review we highlight, summarize and evaluate the possibilities for synthetic production of "difficult sequences" by SPPS, native chemical ligation (NCL) and follow-up protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K. Mueller
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Baumruck
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hanna Zhdanova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Foo CS, Jobichen C, Hassan-Puttaswamy V, Dekan Z, Tae HS, Bertrand D, Adams DJ, Alewood PF, Sivaraman J, Nirthanan S, Kini RM. Fulditoxin, representing a new class of dimeric snake toxins, defines novel pharmacology at nicotinic ACh receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1822-1840. [PMID: 31877243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Animal toxins have contributed significantly to our understanding of the neurobiology of receptors and ion channels. We studied the venom of the coral snake Micrurus fulvius fulvius and identified and characterized the structure and pharmacology of a new homodimeric neurotoxin, fulditoxin, that exhibited novel pharmacology at nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fulditoxin was isolated by chromatography, chemically synthesized, its structure determined by X-ray crystallography, and its pharmacological actions on nAChRs characterized by organ bath assays and two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. KEY RESULTS Fulditoxin's distinct 1.95-Å quaternary structure revealed two short-chain three-finger α-neurotoxins (α-3FNTxs) non-covalently bound by hydrophobic interactions and an ability to bind metal and form tetrameric complexes, not reported previously for three-finger proteins. Although fulditoxin lacked all conserved amino acids canonically important for inhibiting nAChRs, it produced postsynaptic neuromuscular blockade of chick muscle at nanomolar concentrations, comparable to the prototypical α-bungarotoxin. This neuromuscular blockade was completely reversible, which is unusual for snake α-3FNTxs. Fulditoxin, therefore, interacts with nAChRs by utilizing a different pharmacophore. Unlike short-chain α-3FNTxs that bind only to muscle nAChRs, fulditoxin utilizes dimerization to expand its pharmacological targets to include human neuronal α4β2, α7, and α3β2 nAChRs which it blocked with IC50 values of 1.8, 7, and 12 μM respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Based on its distinct quaternary structure and unusual pharmacology, we named this new class of dimeric Micrurus neurotoxins represented by fulditoxin as Σ-neurotoxins, which offers greater insight into understanding the interactions between nAChRs and peptide antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shin Foo
- Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chacko Jobichen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varuna Hassan-Puttaswamy
- Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zoltan Dekan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Han-Shen Tae
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Selvanayagam Nirthanan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Jadhav KB, Woolcock KJ, Muttenthaler M. Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride Cleavage in Boc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2103:41-57. [PMID: 31879918 PMCID: PMC7212049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis using tert-butyloxycarbonyl/benzyl chemistry (Boc-SPPS) is important for producing peptides for fundamental research as well as for clinical use. During Boc-SPPS, liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) is used to remove the side chain protecting groups of the assembled peptide and to release it from the resin. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for "HF cleavage," aiming to improve accessibility and the use of this valuable and well-validated technique.
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23
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Lithium chloride: An efficient additive for the synthesis of α-conotoxin PnIA(A10L) in the Fmoc solid phase strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Muttenthaler M, Nevin ST, Inserra M, Lewis RJ, Adams DJ, Alewood P. On-resin strategy to label α-conotoxins: Cy5-RgIA, a potent α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor imaging probe. Aust J Chem 2019; 73:327-333. [PMID: 32394983 PMCID: PMC7212043 DOI: 10.1071/ch19456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In-solution conjugation is the most commonly used strategy to label peptides and proteins with fluorophores. However, lack of site-specific control and high costs of fluorophores are recognised limitations of this approach. Here, we established facile access to grams of Cy5-COOH via a two-step synthetic route, demonstrated that Cy5 is stable to HF treatment and therefore compatible with Boc-SPPS, and coupled Cy5 to the N-terminus of α-conotoxin RgIA while still attached to the resin. Folding of the two-disulfide containing Cy5-RgIA benefitted from the hydrophobic nature of Cy5 resulting in only the globular disulfide bond isomer. In contrast, wild-type α-RgIA folded into the inactive ribbon and bioactive globular isomer under the same conditions. Labelled α-RgIA retained its ability to inhibit acetylcholine(100 μM)-evoked current reversibly with an IC50 of 5.0 nM (Hill coefficient = 1.7) for α-RgIA and an IC50 of 1.6 (Hill coefficient = 1.2) for Cy5-RgIA at the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) heterologeously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Cy5-RgIA was then used to successfully visualise nAChRs in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. This work introduced not only a new and valuable nAChR probe, but also a new versatile synthetic strategy that facilitates production of milligram to gram quantities of fluorophore-labelled peptides at low cost, which is often required for in vivo experiments. The strategy is compatible with Boc- and Fmoc-chemistry, allows for site-specific labelling of free amines anywhere in the peptide sequence, and can also be used for the introduction of Cy3/Cy5 FRET pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon T Nevin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco Inserra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Paul Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Jin AH, Muttenthaler M, Dutertre S, Himaya SWA, Kaas Q, Craik DJ, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF. Conotoxins: Chemistry and Biology. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11510-11549. [PMID: 31633928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The venom of the marine predatory cone snails (genus Conus) has evolved for prey capture and defense, providing the basis for survival and rapid diversification of the now estimated 750+ species. A typical Conus venom contains hundreds to thousands of bioactive peptides known as conotoxins. These mostly disulfide-rich and well-structured peptides act on a wide range of targets such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, transporters, and enzymes. Conotoxins are of interest to neuroscientists as well as drug developers due to their exquisite potency and selectivity, not just against prey but also mammalian targets, thereby providing a rich source of molecular probes and therapeutic leads. The rise of integrated venomics has accelerated conotoxin discovery with now well over 10,000 conotoxin sequences published. However, their structural and pharmacological characterization lags considerably behind. In this review, we highlight the diversity of new conotoxins uncovered since 2014, their three-dimensional structures and folds, novel chemical approaches to their syntheses, and their value as pharmacological tools to unravel complex biology. Additionally, we discuss challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Jin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Sebastien Dutertre
- Département des Acides Amines, Peptides et Protéines, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université Montpellier 2-Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique , Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - S W A Himaya
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
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26
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Yathursan S, Wiles S, Read H, Sarojini V. A review on anti-tuberculosis peptides: Impact of peptide structure on anti-tuberculosis activity. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3213. [PMID: 31515916 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem globally. Particularly concerning amongst drug-resistant human pathogens is Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes the deadly infectious tuberculosis (TB) disease. Significant issues associated with current treatment options for drug-resistant TB and the high rate of mortality from the disease makes the development of novel treatment options against this pathogen an urgent need. Antimicrobial peptides are part of innate immunity in all forms of life and could provide a potential solution against drug-resistant TB. This review is a critical analysis of antimicrobial peptides that are reported to be active against the M tuberculosis complex exclusively. However, activity on non-TB strains such as Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, whenever available, have been included at appropriate sections for these anti-TB peptides. Natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides of diverse sequences, along with their chemical structures, are presented, discussed, and correlated to their observed antimycobacterial activities. Critical analyses of the structure allied to the anti-mycobacterial activity have allowed us to draw important conclusions and ideas for research and development on these promising molecules to realise their full potential. Even though the review is focussed on peptides, we have briefly summarised the structures and potency of the various small molecule drugs that are available and under development, for TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutharsana Yathursan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Read
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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27
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Feng C, Huang Y, He W, Cheng X, Liu H, Huang Y, Ma B, Zhang W, Liao C, Wu W, Shao Y, Xu D, Su Z, Lu W. Tanshinones: First-in-Class Inhibitors of the Biogenesis of the Type 3 Secretion System Needle of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Antibiotic Therapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1278-1288. [PMID: 31403076 PMCID: PMC6662154 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) found as cell-surface appendages of many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, although nonessential for bacterial survival, is an important therapeutic target for drug discovery and development aimed at inhibiting bacterial virulence without inducing antibiotic resistance. We designed a fluorescence-polarization-based assay for high-throughput screening as a mechanistically well-defined general strategy for antibiotic discovery targeting the T3SS and made a serendipitous discovery of a subset of tanshinones-natural herbal compounds in traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases-as effective inhibitors of the biogenesis of the T3SS needle of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By inhibiting the T3SS needle assembly and, thus, cytotoxicity and pathogenicity, selected tanshinones reduced the secretion of bacterial virulence factors toxic to macrophages in vitro, and rescued experimental animals challenged with lethal doses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model of acute pneumonia. As first-in-class inhibitors with a demonstrable safety profile in humans, tanshinones may be used directly to alleviate Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-associated pulmonary infections without inducing antibiotic resistance. Since the T3SS is highly conserved among Gram-negative bacteria, this antivirulence strategy may be applicable to the discovery and development of novel classes of antibiotics refractory to existing resistance mechanisms for the treatment of many bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yinong Huang
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Wangxiao He
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xiyao Cheng
- Department
of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei
University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Huili Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Department
of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei
University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Bohan Ma
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chongbing Liao
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular
Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department
of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science
and Technology, Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children’s
Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Department
of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei
University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute
of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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28
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Chow HY, Zhang Y, Matheson E, Li X. Ligation Technologies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9971-10001. [PMID: 31318534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have been attracting a lot of attention in recent decades, especially in the area of drug discovery, as more and more naturally occurring cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities have been discovered. Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides is essential when studying their structure-activity relationships. Conventional peptide cyclization methods via direct coupling have inherent limitations, like the susceptibility to epimerization at the C-terminus, poor solubility of fully protected peptide precursors, and low yield caused by oligomerization. In this regard, chemoselective ligation-mediated cyclization methods have emerged as effective strategies for cyclic peptide synthesis. The toolbox for cyclic peptide synthesis has been expanded substantially in the past two decades, allowing more efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides with various scaffolds and modifications. This Review will explore different chemoselective ligation technologies used for cyclic peptide synthesis that generate both native and unnatural peptide linkages. The practical issues and limitations of different methods will be discussed. The advance in cyclic peptide synthesis will benefit the biological and medicinal study of cyclic peptides, an important class of macrocycles with potentials in numerous fields, notably in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Eilidh Matheson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH8 9LE , United Kingdom
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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29
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30
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Fan JZ, La Croix AD, Yang Z, Howard E, Quintero-Bermudez R, Levina L, Jenkinson NM, Spear NJ, Li Y, Ouellette O, Lu ZH, Sargent EH, Macdonald JE. Ligand cleavage enables formation of 1,2-ethanedithiol capped colloidal quantum dot solids. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10774-10781. [PMID: 31134264 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02708d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots have garnered significant interest in optoelectronics, particularly in quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs). Here we report QDSCs fabricated using a ligand that is modified, following film formation, such that it becomes an efficient hole transport layer. The ligand, O-((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl) S-(2-mercaptoethyl) carbonothioate (FMT), contains the surface ligand 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) protected at one end using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc). The strategy enables deprotection following colloidal deposition, producing films containing quantum dots whose surfaces are more thoroughly covered with the remaining EDT molecules. To compare fabrication methods, we deposited CQDs onto the active layer: in one case, the traditional EDT-PbS/EDT-PbS is used, while in the other EDT-PbS/FMT-PbS is used. The devices based on the new EDT/FMT match the PCE values of EDT/EDT controls, and maintain a higher PCE over an 18 day storage interval, a finding we attribute to an increased thiol coverage using the FMT protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
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31
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Ma B, Niu F, Qu X, He W, Feng C, Wang S, Ouyang Z, Yan J, Wen Y, Xu D, Shao Y, Ma PX, Lu W. A tetrameric protein scaffold as a nano-carrier of antitumor peptides for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 204:1-12. [PMID: 30861422 PMCID: PMC6441627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A major pharmacological barrier to peptide therapeutics is their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and poor membrane permeability, which, in principle, can be overcome by nanoparticle-based delivery technologies. Proteins, by definition, are nano materials and have been clinically proven as an efficient delivery vehicle for small molecule drugs. Here we describe the design of a protein-based peptide drug carrier derived from the tetramerization domain of the chimeric oncogenic protein Bcr/Abl of chronic myeloid leukemia. A dodecameric peptide inhibitor of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction, termed PMI, was grafted to the N-terminal helical region of Bcr/Abl tetramer. To antagonize intracellular MDM2/MDMX for p53 activation, we extended this protein, PMIBcr/Abl, by a C-terminal Arg-repeating hexapeptide to facilitate its cellular uptake. The resultant tetrameric protein PMIBcr/Abl-R6 adopted an alpha-helical conformation in solution and bound to MDM2 at an affinity of 32 nM. PMIBcr/Abl-R6 effectively induced apoptosis of HCT116 p53+/+ cells in vitro in a p53-dependent manner and potently inhibited tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model by stabilizing p53 in vivo. Our protein-based delivery strategy thus provides a clinically viable solution to p53-inspired anticancer therapy and is likely applicable to the development of many other peptide therapeutics to target a great variety of intracellular protein-protein interactions responsible for disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Fan Niu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wangxiao He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Chao Feng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenlin Ouyang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yurong Wen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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32
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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33
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Hu H, Di B, Tolbert WD, Gohain N, Yuan W, Gao P, Ma B, He Q, Pazgier M, Zhao L, Lu W. Systematic mutational analysis of human neutrophil α-defensin HNP4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:835-844. [PMID: 30658057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Defensins are a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity with immunomodulatory properties. The prototypic human α-defensins, also known as human neutrophil peptides 1-3 or HNP1-3, are extensively studied for their structure, function and mechanisms of action, yet little is known about HNP4 - the much less abundant "distant cousin" of HNP1-3. Here we report a systematic mutational analysis of HNP4 with respect to its antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, inhibitory activity against anthrax lethal factor (LF), and binding activity for LF and HIV-1 gp120. Except for nine conserved and structurally important residues (6xCys, 1xArg, 1xGlu and 1xGly), the remaining 24 residues of HNP4 were each individually mutated to Ala. The crystal structures of G23A-HNP4 and T27A-HNP4 were determined, both exhibiting a disulfide-stabilized canonical α-defensin dimer identical to wild-type HNP4. Unlike HNP1-3, HNP4 preferentially killed the Gram-negative bacterium, a property largely attributable to three clustered cationic residues Arg10, Arg11 and Arg15. The cationic cluster was also important for HNP4 killing of S. aureus, inhibition of LF and binding to LF and gp120. However, F26A, while functionally inconsequential for E. coli killing, was far more deleterious than any other mutations. Similarly, N-methylation of Leu20 to destabilize the HNP4 dimer had little effect on E. coli killing, but significantly reduced the ability of HNP4 to kill S. aureus, inhibit LF, and bind to LF and gp120. Our findings unveil the molecular determinants of HNP4 function, completing the atlas of structure and function relationships for all human neutrophil α-defensins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bin Di
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Pan Gao
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bohan Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Le Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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34
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Cistrone PA, Bird MJ, Flood DT, Silvestri AP, Hintzen JCJ, Thompson DA, Dawson PE. Native Chemical Ligation of Peptides and Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:e61. [PMID: 30645048 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For over 20 years, native chemical ligation (NCL) has played a pivotal role in enabling total synthesis and semisynthesis of increasingly complex peptide and protein targets. Classical NCL proceeds by chemoselective reaction of two unprotected polypeptide chains in near-neutral-pH, aqueous solution and is made possible by the presence of a thioester moiety on the C-terminus of the N-terminal peptide fragment and a natural cysteine residue on the N-terminus of the C-terminal peptide fragment. The reaction yields an amide bond adjacent to cysteine at the ligation site, furnishing a native protein backbone in a traceless manner. This unit highlights a number of recent and powerful advances in the methodology and outlines their particular uses, facilitating application in the synthesis of challenging protein targets. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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35
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Kent SBH. Racemic & quasi-racemic protein crystallography enabled by chemical protein synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Sousa SR, McArthur JR, Brust A, Bhola RF, Rosengren KJ, Ragnarsson L, Dutertre S, Alewood PF, Christie MJ, Adams DJ, Vetter I, Lewis RJ. Novel analgesic ω-conotoxins from the vermivorous cone snail Conus moncuri provide new insights into the evolution of conopeptides. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13397. [PMID: 30194442 PMCID: PMC6128854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone snails are a diverse group of predatory marine invertebrates that deploy remarkably complex venoms to rapidly paralyse worm, mollusc or fish prey. ω-Conotoxins are neurotoxic peptides from cone snail venoms that inhibit Cav2.2 voltage-gated calcium channel, demonstrating potential for pain management via intrathecal (IT) administration. Here, we isolated and characterized two novel ω-conotoxins, MoVIA and MoVIB from Conus moncuri, the first to be identified in vermivorous (worm-hunting) cone snails. MoVIA and MoVIB potently inhibited human Cav2.2 in fluorimetric assays and rat Cav2.2 in patch clamp studies, and both potently displaced radiolabeled ω-conotoxin GVIA (125I-GVIA) from human SH-SY5Y cells and fish brain membranes (IC50 2–9 pM). Intriguingly, an arginine at position 13 in MoVIA and MoVIB replaced the functionally critical tyrosine found in piscivorous ω-conotoxins. To investigate its role, we synthesized MoVIB-[R13Y] and MVIIA-[Y13R]. Interestingly, MVIIA-[Y13R] completely lost Cav2.2 activity and MoVIB-[R13Y] had reduced activity, indicating that Arg at position 13 was preferred in these vermivorous ω-conotoxins whereas tyrosine 13 is preferred in piscivorous ω-conotoxins. MoVIB reversed pain behavior in a rat neuropathic pain model, confirming that vermivorous cone snails are a new source of analgesic ω-conotoxins. Given vermivorous cone snails are ancestral to piscivorous species, our findings support the repurposing of defensive venom peptides in the evolution of piscivorous Conidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara R Sousa
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Andreas Brust
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca F Bhola
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - K Johan Rosengren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sebastien Dutertre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier - CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Paul F Alewood
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Macdonald J Christie
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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37
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Evaluation of Chemical Strategies for Improving the Stability and Oral Toxicity of Insecticidal Peptides. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030090. [PMID: 30154370 PMCID: PMC6164231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are a rich source of insecticidal peptide toxins. Their development as bioinsecticides has, however, been hampered due to concerns about potential lack of stability and oral bioactivity. We therefore systematically evaluated several synthetic strategies to increase the stability and oral potency of the potent insecticidal spider-venom peptide ω-HXTX-Hv1a (Hv1a). Selective chemical replacement of disulfide bridges with diselenide bonds and N- to C-terminal cyclization were anticipated to improve Hv1a resistance to proteolytic digestion, and thereby its activity when delivered orally. We found that native Hv1a is orally active in blowflies, but 91-fold less potent than when administered by injection. Introduction of a single diselenide bond had no effect on the susceptibility to scrambling or the oral activity of Hv1a. N- to C-terminal cyclization of the peptide backbone did not significantly improve the potency of Hv1a when injected into blowflies and it led to a significant decrease in oral activity. We show that this is likely due to a dramatically reduced rate of translocation of cyclic Hv1a across the insect midgut, highlighting the importance of testing bioavailability in addition to toxin stability.
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Palomo V, Cistrone PA, Zhan N, Palui G, Mattoussi H, Dawson PE. Efficient Assembly of Quantum Dots with Homogenous Glycans Derived from Natural N-Linked Glycoproteins. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3144-3153. [PMID: 30063825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coating inorganic nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-appended ligands, as means to preserve their physical characteristics and promote steric interactions with biological systems, including enhanced aqueous solubility and reduced immunogenicity, has been explored by several groups. Conversely, macromolecules present in the human serum and on the surface of cells are densely coated with hydrophilic glycans that act to reduce nonspecific interactions, while facilitating specific binding and interactions. In particular, N-linked glycans are abundant on the surface of most serum proteins and are composed of a branched architecture that is typically characterized by a significant level of molecular heterogeneity. Here we provide two distinct methodologies, covalent bioconjugation and self-assembly, to functionalize two types of Quantum Dots with a homogeneous, complex-type N-linked glycan terminated with a sialic acid moiety. A detailed physical and functional characterization of these glycan-coated nanoparticles has been performed. Our findings support the potential use of such fluorescent platforms to sense glycan-involved biological processes, such as lectin recognition and sialidase-mediated hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Palomo
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Philip A Cistrone
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Naiqian Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Goutam Palui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Philip E Dawson
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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Lei R, Hou J, Chen Q, Yuan W, Cheng B, Sun Y, Jin Y, Ge L, Ben-Sasson SA, Chen J, Wang H, Lu W, Fang X. Self-Assembling Myristoylated Human α-Defensin 5 as a Next-Generation Nanobiotics Potentiates Therapeutic Efficacy in Bacterial Infection. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5284-5296. [PMID: 29856606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibacterial resistance globally underscores the urgent need to the update of antibiotics. Here, we describe a strategy for inducing the self-assembly of a host-defense antimicrobial peptide (AMP) into nanoparticle antibiotics (termed nanobiotics) with significantly improved pharmacological properties. Our strategy involves the myristoylation of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) as a therapeutic target and subsequent self-assembly in aqueous media in the absence of exogenous excipients. Compared with its parent HD5, the C-terminally myristoylated HD5 (HD5-myr)-assembled nanobiotic exhibited significantly enhanced broad-spectrum bactericidal activity in vitro. Mechanistically, it selectively killed Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through disruption of the cell wall and/or membrane structure. The in vivo results further demonstrated that the HD5-myr nanobiotic protected against skin infection by MRSA and rescued mice from E. coli-induced sepsis by lowering the systemic bacterial burden and alleviating organ damage. The self-assembled HD5-myr nanobiotic also showed negligible hemolytic activity and substantially low toxicity in animals. Our findings validate this design rationale as a simple yet versatile strategy for generating AMP-derived nanobiotics with excellent in vivo tolerability. This advancement will likely have a broad impact on antibiotic discovery and development efforts aimed at combating antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Jinchao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Qixing Chen
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310052 , China
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Baoli Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Lujie Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Shmuel A Ben-Sasson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada , The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
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Sadeghi M, Carstens BB, Callaghan BP, Daniel JT, Tae HS, O’Donnell T, Castro J, Brierley SM, Adams DJ, Craik DJ, Clark RJ. Structure-Activity Studies Reveal the Molecular Basis for GABA B-Receptor Mediated Inhibition of High Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels by α-Conotoxin Vc1.1. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1577-1587. [PMID: 29746088 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Conotoxins are disulfide-bonded peptides from cone snail venoms and are characterized by their affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Several α-conotoxins with distinct selectivity for nAChR subtypes have been identified as potent analgesics in animal models of chronic pain. However, a number of α-conotoxins have been shown to inhibit N-type calcium channel currents in rodent dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via activation of G protein-coupled GABAB receptors (GABABR). Therefore, it is unclear whether activation of GABABR or inhibition of α9α10 nAChRs is the analgesic mechanism. To investigate the mechanisms by which α-conotoxins provide analgesia, we synthesized a suite of Vc1.1 analogues where all residues, except the conserved cysteines, in Vc1.1 were individually replaced by alanine (A), lysine (K), and aspartic acid (D). Our results show that the amino acids in the first loop play an important role in binding of the peptide to the receptor, whereas those in the second loop play an important role for the selectivity of the peptide for the GABABR over α9α10 nAChRs. We designed a cVc1.1 analogue that is >8000-fold selective for GABABR-mediated inhibition of high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels over α9α10 nAChRs and show that it is analgesic in a mouse model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity (CVH). cVc1.1[D11A,E14A] caused dose-dependent inhibition of colonic nociceptors with greater efficacy in ex vivo CVH colonic nociceptors relative to healthy colonic nociceptors. These findings suggest that selectively targeting GABABR-mediated HVA calcium channel inhibition by α-conotoxins could be effective for the treatment of chronic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sadeghi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Bodil B. Carstens
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Brid P. Callaghan
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James T. Daniel
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Han-Shen Tae
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Tracey O’Donnell
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, Southern Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, Southern Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, Southern Australia 5000, Australia
| | - David J. Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J. Clark
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Ulbrich S, Janning P, Seidel R, Matschke J, Gonsberg A, Jung S, Glatzel M, Engelhard M, Winklhofer KF, Tatzelt J. Alterations in the brain interactome of the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197659. [PMID: 29791485 PMCID: PMC5965872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is implicated in neuroprotective signaling and neurotoxic pathways in both prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (N-PrP) has been shown to interact with neurotoxic ligands, such as Aβ and Scrapie prion protein (PrPSc), and to be crucial for the neuroprotective activity of PrPC. To gain further insight into cellular pathways tied to PrP, we analyzed the brain interactome of N-PrP. As a novel approach employing recombinantly expressed PrP and intein-mediated protein ligation, we used N-PrP covalently coupled to beads as a bait for affinity purification. N-PrP beads were incubated with human AD or control brain lysates. N-PrP binding partners were then identified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano ESI-MS/MS). In addition to newly identified proteins we found many previously described PrP interactors, indicating a crucial role of the intrinsically disordered part of PrP in mediating protein interactions. Moreover, some interactors were found only in either non-AD or AD brain, suggesting aberrant PrPC interactions in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ulbrich
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Gonsberg
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Chemical methods have enabled the total synthesis of protein molecules of ever-increasing size and complexity. However, methods to engineer synthetic proteins comprising noncanonical amino acids have not kept pace, even though this capability would be a distinct advantage of the total synthesis approach to protein science. In this work, we report a platform for protein engineering based on the screening of synthetic one-bead one-compound protein libraries. Screening throughput approaching that of cell surface display was achieved by a combination of magnetic bead enrichment, flow cytometry analysis of on-bead screens, and high-throughput MS/MS-based sequencing of identified active compounds. Direct screening of a synthetic protein library by these methods resulted in the de novo discovery of mirror-image miniprotein-based binders to a ∼150-kDa protein target, a task that would be difficult or impossible by other means.
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43
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Navolotskaya EV, Sadovnikov VB, Lipkin VM, Zav'yalov VP. Binding of cholera toxin B subunit to intestinal epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 47:269-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Song W, Kuang J, Li CX, Zhang M, Zheng D, Zeng X, Liu C, Zhang XZ. Enhanced Immunotherapy Based on Photodynamic Therapy for Both Primary and Lung Metastasis Tumor Eradication. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1978-1989. [PMID: 29420012 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis and recurrence are two unavoidable and intractable problems in cancer therapy, despite various robust therapeutic approaches. Currently, it seems that immunotherapy is an effective approach to solve these problems, but the high heterogeneity of tumor tissue, inefficient presentation of tumor antigen, and deficient targeting ability of therapy usually blunt the efficacy of immunotherapy and hinder its clinical application. Herein, an approach based on combining photodynamic and immunological therapy was designed and developed. We synthesized a chimeric peptide, PpIX-1MT, which integrates photosensitizer PpIX with immune checkpoint inhibitor 1MT via a caspase-responsive peptide sequence, Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD), to realize a cascaded synergistic effect. The PpIX-1MT peptide could form nanoparticles in PBS and accumulate in tumor areas via the enhanced penetration retention effect. Upon 630 nm light irradiation, the PpIX-1MT nanoparticles produced reactive oxygen species, induced apoptosis of cancer cells, and thus facilitated the expression of caspase-3 and the production of tumor antigens, which could trigger an intense immune response. The subsequently released 1MT upon caspase-3 cleavage could further strengthen the immune system and help to activate CD8+ T cells effectively. This cascaded synergistic effect could inhibit both primary and lung metastasis tumor effectively, which may provide the solution for solving tumor recurrence and metastasis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Kuang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital , Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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45
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Muttenthaler M, Andersson Å, Vetter I, Menon R, Busnelli M, Ragnarsson L, Bergmayr C, Arrowsmith S, Deuis JR, Chiu HS, Palpant NJ, O'Brien M, Smith TJ, Wray S, Neumann ID, Gruber CW, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF. Subtle modifications to oxytocin produce ligands that retain potency and improved selectivity across species. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/508/eaan3398. [PMID: 29208680 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin and vasopressin mediate various physiological functions that are important for osmoregulation, reproduction, cardiovascular function, social behavior, memory, and learning through four G protein-coupled receptors that are also implicated in high-profile disorders. Targeting these receptors is challenging because of the difficulty in obtaining ligands that retain selectivity across rodents and humans for translational studies. We identified a selective and more stable oxytocin receptor (OTR) agonist by subtly modifying the pharmacophore framework of human oxytocin and vasopressin. [Se-Se]-oxytocin-OH displayed similar potency to oxytocin but improved selectivity for OTR, an effect that was retained in mice. Centrally infused [Se-Se]-oxytocin-OH potently reversed social fear in mice, confirming that this action was mediated by OTR and not by V1a or V1b vasopressin receptors. In addition, [Se-Se]-oxytocin-OH produced a more regular contraction pattern than did oxytocin in a preclinical labor induction and augmentation model using myometrial strips from cesarean sections. [Se-Se]-oxytocin-OH had no activity in human cardiomyocytes, indicating a potentially improved safety profile and therapeutic window compared to those of clinically used oxytocin. In conclusion, [Se-Se]-oxytocin-OH is a novel probe for validating OTR as a therapeutic target in various biological systems and is a promising new lead for therapeutic development. Our medicinal chemistry approach may also be applicable to other peptidergic signaling systems with similar selectivity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Åsa Andersson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4104, Australia
| | - Rohit Menon
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marta Busnelli
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christian Bergmayr
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Arrowsmith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jennifer R Deuis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Margaret O'Brien
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Terry J Smith
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Susan Wray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Durek T, Shelukhina IV, Tae HS, Thongyoo P, Spirova EN, Kudryavtsev DS, Kasheverov IE, Faure G, Corringer PJ, Craik DJ, Adams DJ, Tsetlin VI. Interaction of Synthetic Human SLURP-1 with the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16606. [PMID: 29192197 PMCID: PMC5709491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human SLURP-1 is a secreted protein of the Ly6/uPAR/three-finger neurotoxin family that co-localizes with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and modulates their functions. Conflicting biological activities of SLURP-1 at various nAChR subtypes have been based on heterologously produced SLURP-1 containing N- and/or C-terminal extensions. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of the 81 amino acid residue human SLURP-1 protein, characterization of its 3D structure by NMR, and its biological activity at nAChR subtypes. Radioligand assays indicated that synthetic SLURP-1 did not compete with [125I]-α-bungarotoxin (α-Bgt) binding to human neuronal α7 and Torpedo californica muscle-type nAChRs, nor to mollusk acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBP). Inhibition of human α7-mediated currents only occurred in the presence of the allosteric modulator PNU120596. In contrast, we observed robust SLURP-1 mediated inhibition of human α3β4, α4β4, α3β2 nAChRs, as well as human and rat α9α10 nAChRs. SLURP-1 inhibition of α9α10 nAChRs was accentuated at higher ACh concentrations, indicating an allosteric binding mechanism. Our results are discussed in the context of recent studies on heterologously produced SLURP-1 and indicate that N-terminal extensions of SLURP-1 may affect its activity and selectivity on its targets. In this respect, synthetic SLURP-1 appears to be a better probe for structure-function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Durek
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Irina V Shelukhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Han-Shen Tae
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Panumart Thongyoo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekaterina N Spirova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Denis S Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Igor E Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Grazyna Faure
- Channel-Receptors Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3571, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Corringer
- Channel-Receptors Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3571, 75015, Paris, France
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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47
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Jaradat DMM. Thirteen decades of peptide synthesis: key developments in solid phase peptide synthesis and amide bond formation utilized in peptide ligation. Amino Acids 2017; 50:39-68. [PMID: 29185032 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A historical overview of peptide chemistry from T. Curtius to E. Fischer to M. Bergmann and L. Zervas is first presented. Next, the fundamentals of peptide synthesis with a focus on solid phase peptide synthesis by R. B. Merrifield are described. Immobilization strategies to attach the first amino acid to the resin, coupling strategies in stepwise peptide chain elongation, and approaches to synthesize difficult peptide sequences are also shown. A brief comparison between tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)/benzyl (Bzl) strategy and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)/tert-butyl (t -Bu) strategy utilized in solid phase peptide synthesis is given with an emphasis on the latter. Finally, the review focuses on the discovery and development of peptide ligation and the latest advances in this field including native amide bond formation strategies, these include the native chemical ligation, α-ketoacid-hydroxylamine ligation, and serine/threonine ligation which are the most commonly used chemoselective ligation methods that provide amide bond at the ligation site. This review provides an overview of the literature concerning the most important advances in the chemical synthesis of proteins and peptides covering the period from 1882 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da'san M M Jaradat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan.
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Use of Cyclic Backbone NGR-Based SPECT to Increase Efficacy of Postmyocardial Infarction Angiogenesis Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:8638549. [PMID: 29204107 PMCID: PMC5674494 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8638549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As CD13 is selectively expressed in angiogenesis, it can serve as a target for molecular imaging tracers to noninvasively visualize angiogenic processes in vivo. The CD13-targeting moiety NGR was synthesized and cyclized by native chemical ligation (NCL) instead of disulfide bridging, leading to a cyclic peptide backbone: cyclo(Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Gly) (coNGR). Beside this new monomeric coNGR, a tetrameric NGR peptide co(NGR)4 was designed and synthesized. After radiolabeling, their in vitro and in vivo characteristics were determined. Both coNGR-based imaging agents displayed considerably higher standardized uptake values (SUVs) at infarcted areas compared to the previously reported disulfide-cyclized cNGR imaging agent. Uptake patterns of 111In-coNGR and 111In-co(NGR)4 coincided with CD13 immunohistochemistry on excised hearts. Blood stability tests indicated better stability for both novel imaging agents after 50 min blood incubation compared to the disulfide-cyclized cNGR imaging agent. In mice, both coNGR peptides cleared rapidly from the blood mainly via the kidneys. In addition, co(NGR)4 showed a significantly higher specific uptake in infarcted myocardium compared to coNGR and thus is a promising sensitive imaging agent for detection of angiogenesis in infarcted myocardium.
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Sousa SR, Wingerd JS, Brust A, Bladen C, Ragnarsson L, Herzig V, Deuis JR, Dutertre S, Vetter I, Zamponi GW, King GF, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. Discovery and mode of action of a novel analgesic β-toxin from the African spider Ceratogyrus darlingi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182848. [PMID: 28880874 PMCID: PMC5589098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are rich sources of peptidic ion channel modulators with important therapeutical potential. We screened a panel of 60 spider venoms to find modulators of ion channels involved in pain transmission. We isolated, synthesized and pharmacologically characterized Cd1a, a novel peptide from the venom of the spider Ceratogyrus darlingi. Cd1a reversibly paralysed sheep blowflies (PD50 of 1318 pmol/g) and inhibited human Cav2.2 (IC50 2.6 μM) but not Cav1.3 or Cav3.1 (IC50 > 30 μM) in fluorimetric assays. In patch-clamp electrophysiological assays Cd1a inhibited rat Cav2.2 with similar potency (IC50 3 μM) without influencing the voltage dependence of Cav2.2 activation gating, suggesting that Cd1a doesn’t act on Cav2.2 as a classical gating modifier toxin. The Cd1a binding site on Cav2.2 did not overlap with that of the pore blocker ω-conotoxin GVIA, but its activity at Cav2.2-mutant indicated that Cd1a shares some molecular determinants with GVIA and MVIIA, localized near the pore region. Cd1a also inhibited human Nav1.1–1.2 and Nav1.7–1.8 (IC50 0.1–6.9 μM) but not Nav1.3–1.6 (IC50 > 30 μM) in fluorimetric assays. In patch-clamp assays, Cd1a strongly inhibited human Nav1.7 (IC50 16 nM) and produced a 29 mV depolarising shift in Nav1.7 voltage dependence of activation. Cd1a (400 pmol) fully reversed Nav1.7-evoked pain behaviours in mice without producing side effects. In conclusion, Cd1a inhibited two anti-nociceptive targets, appearing to interfere with Cav2.2 inactivation gating, associated with the Cav2.2 α-subunit pore, while altering the activation gating of Nav1.7. Cd1a was inactive at some of the Nav and Cav channels expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles and nodes of Ranvier, apparently contributing to the lack of side effects at efficacious doses, and suggesting potential as a lead for development of peripheral pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara R. Sousa
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joshua S. Wingerd
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Brust
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Bladen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Volker Herzig
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Deuis
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sebastien Dutertre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université Montpellier - CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Irina Vetter
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Glenn F. King
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kent S. Chemical protein synthesis: Inventing synthetic methods to decipher how proteins work. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4926-4937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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