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Ballet S, Betti C, Novoa A, Tömböly C, Uhd Nielsen C, Helms HC, Lesniak A, Kleczkowska P, Chung NN, Lipkowski AW, Brodin B, Tourwé D, Schiller PW. In Vitro Membrane Permeation Studies and in Vivo Antinociception of Glycosylated Dmt 1-DALDA Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:352-357. [PMID: 24839540 DOI: 10.1021/ml4004765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the μ opioid receptor (MOR) ligands DALDA (Tyr-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2) and Dmt1-DALDA (Dmt-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) were glycosylated at the N- or C-terminus. Subsequently, the modified peptides were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation. In contrast to the N-terminally modified peptide (3), all peptide analogues derivatized at the C-terminus (4-7) proved to possess high affinity and agonist potency at both MOR and DOR (δ opioid receptor). Results of the Caco-2 monolayer permeation, as well as in vitro blood-brain barrier model experiments, showed that, in the case of compound 4, the glycosylation only slightly diminished the lumen-to-blood and blood-to-lumen transport. Altogether, these experiments were indicative of transcellular transport but not active transport. In vivo assays demonstrated that the peptides were capable of (i) crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and (ii) activating both the spinal ascending as well as the descending opioid pathways, as determined by the tail-flick and hot-plate assays, respectively. In contrast to the highly selective MOR agonist Dmt1-DALDA 1, compounds 4-7 are mixed MOR/DOR agonists, expected to produce reduced opioid-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ballet
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Novoa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári, krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- The
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Helms
- The
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Lesniak
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nga N. Chung
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W
1R7, Canada
| | - Andrzej W. Lipkowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Birger Brodin
- The
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter W. Schiller
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W
1R7, Canada
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2
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Pedersen SL, Steentoft C, Vrang N, Jensen KJ. Glyco-Scan: Varying Glycosylation in the Sequence of the Peptide Hormone PYY3-36 and Its Effect on Receptor Selectivity. Chembiochem 2010; 11:366-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Polt R, Dhanasekaran M, Keyari CM. Glycosylated neuropeptides: a new vista for neuropsychopharmacology? Med Res Rev 2006; 25:557-85. [PMID: 16075406 DOI: 10.1002/med.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The application of endogenous neuropeptides (e.g., enkephalins) as analgesics has been retarded by their poor stability in vivo and by their inability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Effective BBB transport of glycosylated enkephalins has been demonstrated in several labs now. Analgesia (antinociception) levels greater than morphine, and with reduced side effects have been observed for several glycopeptides related to enkephalin. Somewhat paradoxically, enhanced BBB transport across this lipophilic barrier is achieved by attaching water-soluble carbohydrate groups to the peptide moieties to produce biousian glycopeptides that can be either water-soluble or membrane bound. Transport is believed to rely on an endocytotic mechanism (transcytosis), and allows for systemic delivery and transport of the water-soluble glycopeptides. Much larger endorphin/dynorphin glycopeptide analogs bearing amphipathic helix address regions also have been shown to penetrate the BBB in mice. This holds forth the possibility of transporting much larger neuropeptides across the BBB, which may encompass a wide variety of receptors beyond the opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Polt
- The Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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4
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Guo X, Geng M, Du G. Glucose Transporter 1, Distribution in the Brain and in Neural Disorders: Its Relationship With Transport of Neuroactive Drugs Through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biochem Genet 2005; 43:175-87. [PMID: 15932065 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-005-1510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Facilitative glucose transport is mediated by one or more of the members of the closely related glucose transporter (GLUT) family. Thirteen members of the GLUT family have been described thus far. GLUT1 is a widely expressed isoform that provides many cells with their basic glucose requirement. It is also the primary transporter across the blood-brain barrier. This review describes the distribution and expression of GLUT1 in brain in different pathophysiological conditions including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, ischemia, or traumatic brain injury. Recent investigations show that GLUT1 mediates the transport of some neuroactive drugs, such as glycosylated neuropeptides, low molecular weight heparin, and D-glucose derivatives, across the blood-brain barrier as a delivery system. By utilizing such highly specific transport mechanisms, it should be possible to establish strategies to regulate the entry of candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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5
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Wester HJ, Schottelius M, Poethko T, Bruus-Jensen K, Schwaiger M. Radiolabeled Carbohydrated Somatostatin Analogs: A Review of the Current Status. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2004; 19:231-44. [PMID: 15186604 DOI: 10.1089/108497804323072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, peptide radiopharmaceuticals have become an important class of tracers for the detection and localization of malignant neoplasms by peptide receptor imaging (PRI) and for therapeutic intervention by peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT). Various radiometalated peptides have entered detailed clinical studies or found broad application for peptide receptor radiotherapy. In contrast, radiohalogenated peptides could not benefit from this development. Especially with respect to the growing number of peptidic structures with high receptor affinity and the increasing demand for means of corresponding receptor status quantification for therapy planning and control, the development of methods for the improved availability of 18F-labeled peptides for positron emission tomography imaging is still a very important objective in radiopharmaceutical research. Consequently, as part of our ongoing efforts in this field, we investigated the potential of carbohydration as a valuable tool to modify pharmacokinetics of peptides and evaluated the influence of this modification on the in vitro and in vivo behavior of octreotide analogs. Furthermore, a new methodology is presented allowing for the fast and straightforward labeling of peptides in a chemoselective manner. This combined approach to the chemoselective conjugation of unprotected, carbohydrated peptides seems to have the potential for a redirection and reevaluation of the future of radiohalogenated peptides in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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6
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Turner JJ, Filippov DV, Overhand M, van der Marel GA, van Boom JH. Synthesis of novel amino acid carbohydrate hybrids via Mitsunobu glycosylation of nitrobenzenesulfonamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Horvat S, Otvos L, Urge L, Horvat J, Cudić M, Varga-Defterdarović L. Circular dichroism study of the carbohydrate-modified opioid peptides. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 1999; 55A:2347-2352. [PMID: 10581740 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(99)00132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The conformational preferences of enkephalins and the related glycoconjugates in which free or protected carbohydrate moieties were linked to the opioid peptides through an ether, ester or amide bond were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy in water, trifluoroethanol and water-trifluoroethanol mixtures. The analysis of the spectra revealed that the conformation of the enkephalin molecule is very sensitive to slight changes in the peptide structure around the C-terminal region. It was found that the type II beta-turn structures are populated in N-terminal tetrapeptide enkephalin fragment, while leucine-enkephalin amide feature a type I (III) beta-turn structure in solution. Incorporation of the sugar moiety into opioid peptide compound did not significantly influence the overall conformation of the peptide backbone, although minor intensity changes may reflect shifts in the population of the different turn systems. These small structural alterations can be responsible for the receptor-subtype selectivity of the various carbohydrate-modified enkephalin analogs.
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Prokai L. Peptide drug delivery into the central nervous system. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1999; 51:95-131. [PMID: 9949860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8845-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by tight junctions between the endothelial cells and, thus, behaves as a continuous lipid bilayer that prevents the passage of polar and lipid-insoluble substances such as peptides. Highly active enzymes expressed in the morphological components of the microcirculation also represent a metabolic component that contributes to the homeostatic balance of the CNS. Peptides generally cannot enter the brain and spinal cord from the circulating blood because they are highly polar and lipid insoluble, metabolically unstable, and active transport systems only exist for very few of them in this membraneous barrier separating the systemic circulation from the interstitial fluid of the CNS. This blood-brain barrier is, therefore, the major obstacle to peptide-based drugs that are potentially useful for combating diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord. This review discusses and critically evaluates invasive, chemical-enzymatic (prodrug and chemical delivery/targeting system) and biological carrier-based approaches to overcome the blood-brain barrier for these highly active and versatile molecules that are very attractive as a future generation of neuropharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prokai
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, Gainesville 32610-0497, USA
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9
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Harth-Fritschy E, Dufour S, Si-Tahar M, Chignard M, Biberovic V, Cantacuzène D. RGDS glycosylated peptides as inhibitors of cell-attachment and platelet aggregation. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1998; 52:51-9. [PMID: 9716251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb00652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides derived from the GRGDS sequence were synthesized to study the effect of the sugar residue on the activity of these peptides. The peptides were tested as inhibitors of cell adhesion to fibronectin and of platelet aggregation. The sugar moiety was found to reduce the biological activity of the parent compounds except for the cyclic derivatives P37 and P38 where the inhibition of platelet aggregation was increased. Some interesting differences were observed between the peptides bearing sugar residues with free hydroxyl groups and those with peracetylated sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harth-Fritschy
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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10
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Kellam B, Drouillat B, Dekany G, Starr MS, Toth I. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of lipoamino acid and carbohydrate-modified enkephalins as potential antinociceptive agents. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Drouillat B, Kellam B, Dekany G, Starr MS, Toth I. Solid phase synthesis of C-terminal carbohydrate modified enkephalins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Michael K, Wittmann V, König W, Sandow J, Kessler H. S- and C-glycopeptide derivatives of an LH-RH agonist. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1996; 48:59-70. [PMID: 8844264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1996.tb01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The S- and C-glycosylated nonapeptides 1 and 2 were synthesized as analogs of the non-glycosylated LH-RH agonist buserelin (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ser(tBu)-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt) by segment condensation in solution. 1 and 2 differ from this peptide in the amino acid in position 6. In the first case (1), D-serine (tBu) is substituted by D-cysteine carrying a rhamnosyl residue, in the second case (2) D-alanine carrying a galactosyl moiety bound as C-glycoside is incorporated. The bioactivity of both glycopeptides as fertility drugs was determined from the dose dependent LH release in male rats. Additionally, in female rats the ovulation rate was assessed. As a result the analog 1 exhibits a similar biological activity as buserelin while analog 2 shows about 25% of this potency. Compared to buserelin the solubility of the analogs 1 and 2 in aqueous buffer is improved by more than two orders of magnitude due to the carbohydrate moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Michael
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Within the past two years new developments in neoglycoconjugate formation have increased the accessibility and usefulness of these probes for the analyses of glycan structure and function. This article reviews several simple chemical and enzymatic methods for tagging oligosaccharides with chromophores, biotin, peptides, proteins and lipids, and describes some representative applications of these neoglycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wong
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Varga-Defterdarović L, Horvat S, Skurić M, Horvat J. Correlation of structure and retention behaviour in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. II. Methionine-enkephalin-related glycoconjugates. J Chromatogr A 1994; 687:107-12. [PMID: 7849986 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic elution data for methionine-enkephalin-related glycoconjugates were analysed as a function of the identity and position of the sugar-peptide linkage. It was shown that binding to the column could be correlated with the degree of sugar moiety protection. Replacement of either the phenylalanine or methionine residue in the peptide backbone of the glycoconjugates with its D-enantiomer leads to a considerably stronger retention on a reversed-phase column. The dependence of retention times on the methanol concentration in the mobile phase suggested that, under the conditions studied, there are different retention mechanisms for glycopeptides containing unprotected sugar moieties in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Varga-Defterdarović
- Ruder Bosković Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Varga-Defterdarović L, Horvat Š, Skurić M, Horvat J. Correlation of structure and retention behaviour in reversed- phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Otvos L, Urge L, Xiang ZQ, Krivulka GR, Nagy L, Szendrei GI, Ertl HC. Glycosylation of synthetic T helper cell epitopic peptides influences their antigenic potency and conformation in a sugar location-specific manner. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1224:68-76. [PMID: 7524686 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The immunodominant T helper cell epitopes 31D and VF13N of rabies virus nucleoprotein and glycoprotein, respectively, correspond to peptide sequences AVYTRIMMNGGRLKR and VVEDEGCTNLSGF, and are expressed between amino acids 404-418 and 29-41, of the appropriate proteins. We investigated how internal or external glycosylation affects the biological activity and conformation of the peptides 31D and VF13N. Mid-chain incorporation of maltobiose or N-acetylglucosamine moieties into the asparagine residues greatly diminished the T-cell stimulatory activity in vitro (due to the diminished ability of the glycopeptides to bind to major histocompatibility complex determinants) and reduced the characteristic alpha-helicity of the peptides in aqueous trifluoroethanol solutions. In contrast, addition of maltobiose- or N-acetylglucosamine-coupled asparagines to the N-termini of peptides 31D and VF13N resulted in unchanged T-cell activity. Furthermore, N-terminal glycosylation of peptide 31D, as indicated by the functional assay, decreased the sensitivity of the peptide to degradation in human serum and did not affect the alpha-helical conformation. These data indicate that glycosylation of T-cell epitopes is not a preferable method for the preparation of antagonists, but incorporation of the sugars to appropriate positions may be advantageous in the design of T-cell agonists and peptide-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Otvos
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Skurić M, Horvat J, Horvat S, Chung NN, Schiller PW. Acetylated glucopyranosyl esters of enkephalins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:402-9. [PMID: 8045687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated D-glucopyranosyl esters of enkephalins were prepared by two different fragment condensation procedures involving direct participation of imidazole in the ester linkage formation. By both methods anomeric mixtures of D-glucosyl esters were obtained and resolved by column chromatography. Depending on coupling conditions, racemization of either the C-terminal or the penultimate amino acid residue of the enkephalin molecule occurred. The glucoconjugates with inverted stereochemistry were quantitated and separated from the main product by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The opioid agonist potencies of the synthesized glucopyranosyl esters of enkephalins on electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations were determined in comparison with [Leu5]enkephalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skurić
- Ruder Bosković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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