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Veselá B, Holub P, Urban O, Surá K, Hodaňová P, Oravec M, Divinová R, Jansen MAK, Klem K. UV radiation and drought interact differently in grass and forb species of a mountain grassland. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111488. [PMID: 36206962 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among abiotic stressors, drought and enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) received a lot of attention, because of their potential to impair plant growth. Since drought and UV induce partially similar protective mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that UV ameliorates the effect of reduced water availability (WA) in selected grass (Holcus mollis and Agrostis capillaris) and forb species (Hypericum maculatum and Rumex acetosa). During 2011-2014, an outdoor manipulation experiment was conducted on a mountain grassland ecosystem (Beskydy Mts; Czech Republic). Lamellar shelters were used to pass (WAamb) or exclude (WA-) incident precipitation in order to simulate reduced water availability (WA). In addition, the lamellas were made from acrylics either transmitting (UVamb) or blocking (UV-) incident UV. Generally, both UV exposure and reduced WA enhanced epidermal UV-screening, while exposure to both factors resulted in less than additive interactions. Although UV radiation increased epidermal UV-screening rather in the grass (up to 29 % in A. capillaris) than forb (up to 12 % in H. maculatum) species and rather in well-watered than reduced WA plants, such acclimation response did not result in significant alleviation of reduced WA effects on gas exchange and morphological parameters. The study contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to complex environmental conditions and will help for successful modelling forecasts of future climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Surá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hodaňová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Divinová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
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Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Figueiredo C, Santos C, Silva AMS. Phenolic and lipophilic metabolite adjustments in Olea europaea (olive) trees during drought stress and recovery. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 185:112695. [PMID: 33581598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of combined stress events is increasing due to climate change and represents a new threat to olive (Olea europaea) culture. How olive plants modulate their profile of metabolites under multiple stressing agents remains to unveil, although several metabolites affect plants' resilience, and olive production and quality. Young olive plants were exposed to a water deficit (WD) for 30 days and then exposed to a shock of heat and high UVB-radiation (WDHS+UVB treatment) for 2 days. Then, plants were re-watered and grown under optimal conditions (recovery) for 30 days. Leaves were collected after stress and recovery, analysed by liquid and gas chromatography, and the lipophilic and phenolic profiles were characterized. Except for the oleuropein derivatives, the qualitative metabolite profile was similar during stress and recovery. Metabolite increases or decreases in response to stress were stronger when WD was followed by WDHS+UVB treatment. Phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol derivatives, oleuropein, and lucidumoside C) were the most involved after WD and WDHS+UVB, possibly acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Lipophilic compounds were more relevant during the recovery period. The catabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates may provide the necessary energy for plant performance reestablishment, and sterols, long-chain alkanes, and terpenes metabolic pathways may be shifted for the production of compounds with a more important stress protection role. This work highlights for the first time that tolerance mechanisms activated by WD in olive plants are related to metabolite changes, that are adjusted when other stressors are overlapped (WDHS+UVB), and also help the plants recover. This metabolites' plasticity represents an essential contribution to understanding how dry-farming olive orchards may deal with drought combined with high UV-B or heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Figueiredo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- IB2, Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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UV Lighting in Horticulture: A Sustainable Tool for Improving Production Quality and Food Safety. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is a component of solar radiation that can be divided into three types defined by waveband: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (<280 nm). UV light can influence the physiological responses of plants. Wavelength, intensity, and exposure have a great impact on plant growth and quality. Interaction between plants and UV light is regulated by photoreceptors such as UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) that enables acclimation to UV-B stress. Although UV in high doses is known to damage quality and production parameters, some studies show that UV in low doses may stimulate biomass accumulation and the synthesis of healthy compounds that mainly absorb UV. UV exposure is known to induce variations in plant architecture, important in ornamental crops, increasing their economic value. Abiotic stress induced by UV exposure increases resistance to insects and pathogens, and reduce postharvest quality depletion. This review highlights the role that UV may play in plant growth, quality, photomorphogenesis, and abiotic/biotic stress resistance.
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Warner R, Wu BS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. A Review of Strawberry Photobiology and Fruit Flavonoids in Controlled Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:611893. [PMID: 33633764 PMCID: PMC7902047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.611893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technology development in controlled environment (CE) plant production has been applied to a large variety of plants. In recent years, strawberries have become a popular fruit for CE production because of their high economic and nutritional values. With the widespread use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology in the produce industry, growers can manipulate strawberry growth and development by providing specific light spectra. Manipulating light intensity and spectral composition can modify strawberry secondary metabolism and highly impact fruit quality and antioxidant properties. While the impact of visible light on secondary metabolite profiles for other greenhouse crops is well documented, more insight into the impact of different light spectra, from UV radiation to the visible light spectrum, on strawberry plants is required. This will allow growers to maximize yield and rapidly adapt to consumer preferences. In this review, a compilation of studies investigating the effect of light properties on strawberry fruit flavonoids is provided, and a comparative analysis of how light spectra influences strawberry's photobiology and secondary metabolism is presented. The effects of pre-harvest and post-harvest light treatments with UV radiation and visible light are considered. Future studies and implications for LED lighting configurations in strawberry fruit production for researchers and growers are discussed.
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Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Freitas H, Santos C, Silva AMS. The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112199. [PMID: 31759269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean crop Olea europaea is often exposed to high UV-B irradiation conditions. To understand how this species modulates its enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system under high UV-B radiation, young O. europaea plants (cultivar "Galega Vulgar") were exposed, for five days, to UV-B radiation (6.5 kJ m-2 d-1 and 12.4 kJ m-2 d-1). Our data indicate that UV-doses slightly differ in the modulation of the antioxidant protective mechanisms. Particularly, superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPox) and catalase (CAT) activities increased contributing to H2O2 homeostasis, being more solicited by higher UV-B doses. Also, glutathione reductase (Gr) activity, ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) pools increased particularly under the highest dose, suggesting a higher mobilization of the antioxidant system in this dose. The leaf metabolites' profile of this cultivar was analysed by UHPLC-MS. Interestingly, high levels of verbascoside were found, followed by oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Both UV-B treatments affected mostly less abundant flavonoids (decreasing 4'-methoxy luteolin and 4' or 3'-methoxy luteolin glucoside) and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAds, increasing β-hydroxyverbascoside). These changes show not only different mobilization with the UV-intensity, but also reinforce for the first time the protective roles of these minor compounds against UV-B, as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and UV-B shields, in complement with other antioxidant systems (e.g. AsA/GSH cycle), particularly for high UV-B doses. Secoiridoids also standout in the response to both UV-B doses, with decreases of oleuropein and increases 2''-methoxyoleuropein. Being oleuropein an abundant compound, data suggest that secoiridoids play a more important role than flavonoids and HCAds, in O. europaea protection against UV-B, possibly by acting as signalling molecules and ROS scavengers. This is the first report on the influence of UV-B radiation on the secoiridoid oleuropein, and provides a novel insight to the role of this compound in the O. europaea antioxidant defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Department of Life Sciences & CFE, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Freitas
- Department of Life Sciences & CFE, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Chen Y, Li T, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Zou J, Bian Z, Wen X. UVA Radiation Is Beneficial for Yield and Quality of Indoor Cultivated Lettuce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1563. [PMID: 31867029 PMCID: PMC6910135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the wavelength dependence of plant responses is essential for optimizing production and quality of indoor plant cultivation. UVA is the main component of solar UV radiation, but its role on plant growth is poorly understood. Here, two experiments were conducted to examine whether UVA supplementation is beneficial for indoor plant cultivation. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. "Klee") was grown under mixed blue, red, and far-red light with photon flux density of 237 μmol m-2 s-1 in the growth room; photoperiod was 16 h. In the first experiment, three UVA intensities with peak wavelengths at 365 nm were used: 10 (UVA-10), 20 (UVA-20), and 30 (UVA-30) μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. In the second experiment, 10 μmol m-2 s-1 UVA radiation were given for 5 (UVA-5d), 10 (UVA-10d), and 15 (UVA-15d) days before harvest on day 15, respectively. Compared with control (no UVA), shoot dry weight was increased by 27%, 29%, and 15% in the UVA-10, UVA-20, and UVA-30 treatments, respectively, which correlated with 31% (UVA-10), 32% (UVA-20), and 14% (UVA-30) larger leaf area. Shoot dry weight under the treatments of UVA-5d, UVA-10d, and UVA-15d was increased by 18%, 32%, and 30%, respectively, and leaf area was increased by 15%-26%. For both experiments, UVA radiation substantially enhanced secondary metabolites accumulation, e.g. anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents were increased by 17%-49% and 47%-80%, respectively. Moreover, plants grown under the UVA-30 treatment were stressed, as indicated by lipid peroxidation and lower maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm). We conclude that UVA supplementation not only stimulates biomass production in controlled environments, but also enhances secondary metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Bian
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangzhen Wen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Gori A, Tattini M, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Marino G, Mori J, Guidi L, Brunetti C. Seasonal and daily variations in primary and secondary metabolism of three maquis shrubs unveil different adaptive responses to Mediterranean climate. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz070. [PMID: 32467757 PMCID: PMC7245392 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Maquis species play a central role in the maintenance of coastal ecosystems thanks to anatomical, physiological and biochemical features evolved to cope with severe stress conditions. Because the seasonal and daily dynamics of physiological and biochemical traits of maquis species are not fully addressed, we performed a field study on three coexisting Mediterranean shrubs (Pistacia lentiscus L. and Phillyrea latifolia L., evergreen schlerophylls, and Cistus incanus L., semi-deciduous) aiming at detecting the main adaptive differences, on a seasonal and daily basis, in primary and secondary metabolism along with the principal climatic determinants. These species differed in their physiological and biochemical responses especially on a seasonal level. In P. latifolia, a great investment in antioxidant phenylpropanoids contributed to maintain high photosynthetic rates throughout the whole growing season. In C. incanus, high carotenoid content associated with chlorophyll (Chl) regulation alleviated oxidative damage during the hot and dry summers and help recover photosynthesis in autumn. In P. lentiscus, high abscisic acid levels allowed a strict control of stomata, while fine Chla/Chlb regulation concurred to avoid photoinhibition in summer. Temperature resulted the most important climatic factor controlling the physiological and biochemical status of these coexisting shrubs and, thus, in determining plant performances in this Mediterranean coastal habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Díaz-Guerra L, Llorens L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Nogués I, Font J, González JA, Verdaguer D. Leaf biochemical adjustments in two Mediterranean resprouter species facing enhanced UV levels and reduced water availability before and after aerial biomass removal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:130-143. [PMID: 30780050 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of supplemented UV radiation and diminished water supply on the leaf concentrations of phenols and antioxidants of two Mediterranean resprouter species, Arbutus unedo and Quercus suber, were assessed before and after entire aerial biomass removal. Potted seedlings of both species were grown outdoors for 8 months with enhanced UV-A + UV-B, enhanced UV-A or ambient UV, in combination with two watering conditions (field capacity or watering reduction). After this period, all aerial biomass was removed and new shoots (resprouts) developed for a further 8 months under the two treatments. In general, the investment in leaf phenols was substantially greater in A. unedo than in Q. suber, while Q. suber allocated more resources to non-phenolic antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione). In response to enhanced UV-B radiation, Q. suber leaves rose their UV-screening capacity mainly via accumulation of kaempferols, accompanied by an increased concentration of rutins, being these effects exacerbated under low-watering conditions. Conversely, A. unedo leaves responded to UV-B radiation reinforcing the antioxidant machinery by increasing the overall amount of flavonols (especially quercetins) in seedlings, and of ascorbate and glutathione, along with catalase activity, in resprouts. Nevertheless, UV effects on the amount/activity of non-phenolic antioxidants of A. unedo resprouts were modulated by water supply. Indeed, the highest concentration of glutathione was found under the combination of enhanced UV-B radiation and reduced watering, suggesting an enlargement of the antioxidant response in A. unedo resprouts. Different biochemical responses to enhanced UV and drier conditions in seedlings and resprouts of these two species might modulate their competitive interactions in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Díaz-Guerra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, E-17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - L Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, E-17003, Girona, Spain
| | - R Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - I Nogués
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29, 300-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - J Font
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, E-17003, Girona, Spain; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, E-08500, Vic, Spain
| | - J A González
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic School, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 61, E-17003, Girona, Spain
| | - D Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, E-17003, Girona, Spain
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Bosco T, Bertiller MB, Carrera AL. Abiotic factors affect the recruitment and biomass of perennial grass and evergreen shrub seedlings in denuded areas of Patagonian Monte rangelands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:118-128. [PMID: 29674159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the ability of key species to cope with environmental stresses in disturbed areas is an important issue for recovery of degraded arid ecosystem. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of soil moisture, exposure to UV radiation, and presence/absence of litter with different chemistry on soil N, recruitment and biomass of seedlings of perennial grass (Poa ligularis and Nassella tenuis) and evergreen shrub species (Atriplex lampa and Larrea divaricata) in denuded areas. We carried out a microcosm experiment with soil blocks (28 cm depth) sowed with seeds of the target species, subjected to different levels of litter type (perennial grass-evergreen shrub mixture, evergreen shrub mixture, and no litter), UV radiation (near ambient and reduced UV), and soil water (high: 15-25% and low 5-15%). Periodically, during 6 months, we assessed soil-N (total and inorganic) at two depths and species seedling recruitment at microcosms. Additionally, emerged seedlings of each species were transplanted to individual pots containing soil and subjected to the same previous factors during 12 months. Then, all plants were harvested and biomass assessed. Only inorganic soil-N at the upper soil varied among treatments increasing with the presence of evergreen shrub litter, exposure to ambient UV, and high soil water. Inorganic soil-N, promoted by near ambient UV and high soil water, had a positive effect on recruitment of perennial grasses and A. lampa. Both litter types promoted the recruitment of perennial grasses. Evergreen shrub litter and high soil water promoted the recruitment of L. divaricata. Seedling biomass of perennial grasses increased with high soil water and reduced UV. Ambient UV had positive or null effects on biomass of evergreen shrub seedlings. High soil water increased biomass of L. divaricata seedlings. We concluded that soil water appeared as the most limiting factor for seedling recruitment of all species whereas inorganic soil N limited the recruitment of the small-seeded perennial grasses and A. lampa. Ambient UV had negative effects on seedling biomass of perennial grasses. These complex relationships among abiotic factors and seed and plant traits should be taken into account when planning management actions after disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Bosco
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) - CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Beatriz Bertiller
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) - CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Analía Lorena Carrera
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) - CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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10
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Ngwene B, Neugart S, Baldermann S, Ravi B, Schreiner M. Intercropping Induces Changes in Specific Secondary Metabolite Concentration in Ethiopian Kale ( Brassica carinata) and African Nightshade ( Solanum scabrum) under Controlled Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1700. [PMID: 29033969 PMCID: PMC5626848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is widespread in small-holder farming systems in tropical regions and is also practiced in the cultivation of indigenous vegetables, to alleviate the multiple burdens of malnutrition. Due to interspecific competition and/or complementation between intercrops, intercropping may lead to changes in plants accumulation of minerals and secondary metabolites and hence, alter nutritional quality for consumers. Intercropping aims to intensify land productivity, while ensuring that nutritional quality is not compromised. This study aimed to investigate changes in minerals and secondary plant metabolites in intercropped Brassica carinata and Solanum scabrum, two important African indigenous vegetables, and evaluated the suitability of this combination for dryer areas. B. carinata and S. scabrum were grown for 6 weeks under controlled conditions in a greenhouse trial. Large rootboxes (8000 cm3 volume) were specifically designed for this experiment. Each rootbox was planted with two plants, either of the same plant species (mono) or one of each plant species (mixed). A quartz sand/soil substrate was used and fertilized adequately for optimal plant growth. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, the plants were either supplied with optimal (65% WHC) or low (30% WHC) irrigation, to test the effect of a late-season drought. Intercropping increased total glucosinolate content in B. carinata, while maintaining biomass production and the contents of other health related minerals in both B. carinata and S. scabrum. Moreover, low irrigation led to an increase in carotene accumulation in both mono and intercropped S. scabrum, but not in B. carinata, while the majority of kaempferol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of both species were decreased by intercropping and drought treatment. This study indicates that some health-related phytochemicals can be modified by intercropping or late-season drought, but field validation of these results is necessary before definite recommendation can be made to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Ngwene
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beena Ravi
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
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11
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Verdaguer D, Jansen MAK, Llorens L, Morales LO, Neugart S. UV-A radiation effects on higher plants: Exploring the known unknown. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 255:72-81. [PMID: 28131343 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-A: 315-400nm) is a component of solar radiation that exerts a wide range of physiological responses in plants. Currently, field attenuation experiments are the most reliable source of information on the effects of UV-A. Common plant responses to UV-A include both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on biomass accumulation and morphology. UV-A effects on biomass accumulation can differ from those on root: shoot ratio, and distinct responses are described for different leaf tissues. Inhibitory and enhancing effects of UV-A on photosynthesis are also analysed, as well as activation of photoprotective responses, including UV-absorbing pigments. UV-A-induced leaf flavonoids are highly compound-specific and species-dependent. Many of the effects on growth and development exerted by UV-A are distinct to those triggered by UV-B and vary considerably in terms of the direction the response takes. Such differences may reflect diverse UV-perception mechanisms with multiple photoreceptors operating in the UV-A range and/or variations in the experimental approaches used. This review highlights a role that various photoreceptors (UVR8, phototropins, phytochromes and cryptochromes) may play in plant responses to UV-A when dose, wavelength and other conditions are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Verdaguer
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany I Farnés, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Field, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Laura Llorens
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany I Farnés, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Luis O Morales
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany.
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12
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Guidolotti G, Rey A, Medori M, Calfapietra C. Isoprenoids emission in Stipa tenacissima L.: Photosynthetic control and the effect of UV light. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:336-344. [PMID: 26552537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluxes of CO2 and isoprenoids were measured for the first time in Stipa tenacissima L (alfa grass), a perennial tussock grass dominant in the driest areas of Europe. In addition, we studied how those fluxes were influenced by environmental conditions, leaf ontogeny and UV radiation and compared emission rates in two contrasting seasons: summer when plants are mostly inactive and autumn, the growing season in this region. Leaf ontogeny significantly affected both photosynthesis and isoprenoids emission. Isoprene emission was positively correlated with photosynthesis, although a low isoprene emission was detected in brown leaves with a net carbon loss. Moreover, leaves with a significant lower photosynthesis emitted only monoterpenes, while at higher photosynthetic rates also isoprene was produced. Ambient UV radiation uncoupled photosynthesis and isoprene emission. It is speculated that alfa grass represent an exception from the general rules governing plant isoprenoid emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy.
| | - Ana Rey
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Natural Science Museum (MNCN), Spanish Scientific Council (CSIC), C/Serrano 115 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauro Medori
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Nenadis N, Llorens L, Koufogianni A, Díaz L, Font J, Gonzalez JA, Verdaguer D. Interactive effects of UV radiation and reduced precipitation on the seasonal leaf phenolic content/composition and the antioxidant activity of naturally growing Arbutus unedo plants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:435-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Martínez-Lüscher J, Morales F, Delrot S, Sánchez-Díaz M, Gomès E, Aguirreolea J, Pascual I. Characterization of the adaptive response of grapevine (cv. Tempranillo) to UV-B radiation under water deficit conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 232:13-22. [PMID: 25617319 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to characterize the physiological response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo to UV-B radiation under water deficit conditions. Grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were exposed to three levels of supplemental biologically effective UV-B radiation (0, 5.98 and 9.66kJm(-2)day(-1)) and two water regimes (well watered and water deficit), in a factorial design, from fruit-set to maturity under glasshouse-controlled conditions. UV-B induced a transient decrease in net photosynthesis (Anet), actual and maximum potential efficiency of photosystem II, particularly on well watered plants. Methanol extractable UV-B absorbing compounds (MEUVAC) concentration and superoxide dismutase activity increased with UV-B. Water deficit effected decrease in Anet and stomatal conductance, and did not change non-photochemical quenching and the de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls, dark respiration and photorespiration being alternative ways to dissipate the excess of energy. Little interactive effects between UV-B and drought were detected on photosynthesis performance, where the impact of UV-B was overshadowed by the effects of water deficit. Grape berry ripening was strongly delayed when UV-B and water deficit were applied in combination. In summary, deficit irrigation did not modify the adaptive response of grapevine to UV-B, through the accumulation of MEUVAC. However, combined treatments caused additive effects on berry ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez-Lüscher
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - F Morales
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Delrot
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - M Sánchez-Díaz
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Gomès
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - J Aguirreolea
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Pascual
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Bornman JF, Barnes PW, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Caldwell MM. Solar ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion-driven climate change: effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:88-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We summarise advances in our knowledge of how UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) together with other climate change factors interact in their influence on terrestrial organisms and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Bornman
- International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program
- Loyola University New Orleans
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Institute for Conservation Biology
- School of Biological Sciences
- The University of Wollongong
- New South Wales 2522
- Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- IFEVA Universidad de Buenos Aires and IIB Universidad Nacional de San Martín
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- C1417DSE Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Department of Forest
- Rangeland
- and Fire Sciences
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
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