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Eghbali M, Mottaghi A, Taghizadeh S, Cheraghi S. Genetic Variants in the Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene and Risk of Obesity/Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00510. [PMID: 38973101 PMCID: PMC11227992 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The variations in the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the fat mass and obesity (FTO)-associated gene have been linked to being overweight or obese in children. In this research a thorough examination was performed to elucidate the connection between various FTO gene SNPs and overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. METHOD We searched PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Scopus until January 2024 to find studies that investigate the association between different SNPs of FTO gene and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. After filtering the relevant studies, meta-analysis was used to quantify the association of FTO gene SNPs within different genetic inheritance models. RESULTS We have identified 32 eligible studies with 14,930 obese/overweight cases and 24,765 healthy controls. Our recessive model showed a significant association with rs9939609 (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20; 2.02, p < 0.01) and rs1421085 (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14; 2.75, p < 0.01). Besides, in the homozygote model, rs1421085 showed the highest association (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.38; 3.89, p < 0.01) with the risk of obesity in a population of children and adolescents. Moreover, there are other SNPs of FTO genes, such as rs9921255, rs9928094 and rs9930333, which showed a positive association with obesity and overweight. However, their effects were evaluated in very few numbers of studies. CONCLUSION In this study, we have found that the FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 are associated to an increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. Besides, the findings of this study further reaffirmed the established link between rs9939609 and obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Eghbali
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sara Cheraghi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhu J, Liu H, Xu L, Wu Y, He C, Song Y. Minor alleles of FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms confer a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, but not coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1249070. [PMID: 38161971 PMCID: PMC10754952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1249070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Relationships of the polymorphisms in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta gene (PPARD) with metabolic-related diseases remain to be clarified. Methods One thousand three hundred and eighty-one subjects were enrolled. Metabolic-related diseases including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) were defined based on diagnostic criteria. FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449, and PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism method. Results Patients with T2DM or dyslipidemia had a higher frequency of AA, AT or AA + AT genotypes as well as A allele of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism than those free of T2DM or dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.04 for all). Patients with T2DM or dyslipidemia had a higher frequency of GG, GT or GG + GT genotypes as well as G allele of FTO rs17817449 polymorphism than those free of T2DM or dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.03 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms were independently associated with T2DM as well as dyslipidemia after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and other metabolic diseases. FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms were not associated with obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension and CAD. Obese or T2DM carriers of the AA or AT genotype of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to non-obese or non-T2DM carriers of the AA or AT genotype (P = 0.03 for both). Among the carriers of GG or GT genotype of the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in obese patients was higher than that in non-obese subjects (P < 0.01). PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms were not correlated with any of the metabolic-related diseases in the study population. Conclusion Minor alleles of FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms confer a higher risk of T2DM and dyslipidemia, and the risk is further increased among obese individuals. PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms are not associated with metabolic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lvlin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junchen Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luying Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Geng X, Li Z, Yang Y. Emerging Role of Epitranscriptomics in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907060. [PMID: 35692393 PMCID: PMC9184717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its related complications are among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Substantial studies have explored epigenetic regulation that is involved in the modifications of DNA and proteins, but RNA modifications in diabetes are still poorly investigated. In recent years, posttranscriptional epigenetic modification of RNA (the so-called 'epitranscriptome') has emerged as an interesting field of research. Numerous modifications, mainly N6 -methyladenosine (m6A), have been identified in nearly all types of RNAs and have been demonstrated to have an indispensable effect in a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the molecular basis of RNA modifications, which might provide a new perspective for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent progress in the epitranscriptomics involved in diabetes and diabetes-related complications. We hope to provide some insights for enriching the understanding of the epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms of this disease as well as the development of novel therapeutic targets for future clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Dastgheib SA, Bahrami R, Setayesh S, Salari S, Mirjalili SR, Noorishadkam M, Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi J, Akbarian E, Neamatzadeh H. Evidence from a meta-analysis for association of MC4R rs17782313 and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms with susceptibility to obesity in children. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102234. [PMID: 34364300 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MC4R rs17782313 and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms with childhood obesity. METHODS A universal search was performed up to May 2021. RESULTS A total of 31 studies including 13 studies with 9565 cases and 11956 controls on MC4R rs17782313 and 18 studies with 4789 cases and 15918 controls on FTO rs9939609 were selected. CONCLUSIONS Pooled data showed that FTO rs9930506 and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were significantly associated with obesity in children. Stratified analyses revealed that these genetic variants were associated with childhood obesity in Caucasian and Asian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Setayesh
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedali Salari
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirjalili
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Noorishadkam
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jalal Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elahe Akbarian
- Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Association between the FTO SNP rs9939609 and Metabolic Syndrome in Chilean Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062014. [PMID: 34208143 PMCID: PMC8230726 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity in children has raised the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in this age group. Given the short- and long-term health impact of MetS, it is essential to prevent its onset by detecting its main triggers. Besides, genetic factors play an essential role in influencing which individuals within a population are most likely to develop obesity in response to a particular environment. In this regard, a common variation in the FTO gene is reproducibly associated with BMI and obesity from childhood and the genetic load has been linked to several cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting the FTO single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationship between the FTO SNP rs9939609 and MetS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 children from the Biobío region (Chile). MetS diagnosis was established through the modified Cook criteria, using prevalence ratios, COR curves, and linear regressions to determine its association with MetS and its components. Results: The prevalence of MetS was significantly increased among carriers of the risk allele (A): TT, 20.2%; TA, 25.4%; AA, 44.7% (p = 0.006). Also, the presence of A was associated with altered MetS-related variables. Conclusions: The FTO SNP rs9939609 was associated with a raised prevalence of MetS among A allele carriers, and was higher in the homozygous genotype (AA).
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de Soysa AKH, Langaas M, Jakic A, Shojaee-Moradie F, Umpleby AM, Grill V, Mostad IL. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene allele rs9939609 and glucose tolerance, hepatic and total insulin sensitivity, in adults with obesity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248247. [PMID: 33684170 PMCID: PMC7939351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess associations of the rs9939609 FTO allele to glucose tolerance, hepatic and total insulin sensitivity (IS) in individuals with obesity. From a low-dose hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with glucose-tracer, hepatic IS was assessed by rates of basal and suppressed glucose appearance (Ra), a measure of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the hepatic insulin resistance index (HIR). Total IS was assessed by rates of glucose infusion (GIR), disappearance (Rd), and metabolic clearance (MCR). From a meal test we assessed IS by the Matsuda index and glucose tolerance by glucose and insulin measurements in the fasted state and postprandially for 2.5 h. The meal test was performed in 97 healthy individuals with BMI ≥35 in similar-sized risk-allele groups (n = 32 T/T, 31 A/T, and 34 A/A), and 79 of them performed the clamp. We analyzed outcomes separately for males and females, and adjusted glucose Ra, Rd, MCR, GIR, and HIR for fat mass. We did not find genotype effects on EGP. Among males, genotype A/A was associated with a significantly lower glucose Rd, MCR, and Matsuda index score relative to genotype T/T. Glucose tolerance was significantly lower in males with genotype A/T vs. T/T and A/A. For females, there were no genotype effects on hepatic or total IS, or on glucose tolerance. Independently of genotypes, females displayed a significantly better hepatic and total IS, and better glucose tolerance than males. We conclude that in subjects with similar obesity we did not register any FTO risk-allele effect on hepatic IS. A FTO risk-allele effect on total IS was registered in males only, findings which need to be reproduced in further studies. Results confirm marked differences in IS between the biological sexes and extend present knowledge by demonstrating a lower endogenous glucose production in females vs. males in uniformly obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Hjelle de Soysa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Mette Langaas
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anida Jakic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - A. Margot Umpleby
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Løvold Mostad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and obesity risk in teens: Evidence-based meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:432-437. [PMID: 30104138 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims evaluate the association of the polymorphism rs9939609 of FTO with the risk of obesity among children and adolescents, based on the assessment of four genetic models: codominant, dominant, recessive alleles model. METHODS Case-control studies, published between the years 2011-2015, were selected from tree available databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and were analysed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Thirteen studies were included totalling 15,613 participants, divided into 7311 cases and 8302 controls. RESULTS The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of obesity in children and adolescents for homozygous genotypes AA and heterozygous AT (TT vs. AT+AA: OR=0.723, 95% CI 0.629 to 0.832; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows that the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in the gene is a risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents with the presence of the A allele, both homozygous genotype AA situation, as heterozygous AT.
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Iskandar K, Patria SY, Huriyati E, Luglio HF, Julia M, Susilowati R. Effect of FTO rs9939609 variant on insulin resistance in obese female adolescents. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:300. [PMID: 29764479 PMCID: PMC5952641 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES FTO rs9939609 variant has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance in Caucasian children. However, studies in Asia show inconsistent findings. We investigated the association between FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Indonesia, a genetically distinct group within Asia. RESULTS A total of 78 obese female adolescents participated in this study. The risk allele (A) frequency of FTO rs9939609 variant in Indonesian obese female adolescence was 44.2%. The frequency of insulin resistance was higher in the subjects with AA (54.6%) or AT (59.6%) than the subject with TT genotype (50%), but did not statistically different (p = 0.81 and p = 0.47, respectively). The insulin resistance rate was also higher in the risk allele (A) than the non-risk allele (T) subjects (0.58 vs. 0.55), but did not statistically different (p = 0.75). There was no association between FTO rs9939609 variant and body mass index, fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and waist circumference (p > 0.05). In conclusion, FTO rs9939609 variant may not be associated with insulin resistance in Indonesian obese female adolescents. A multicenter study with a larger sample size is needed to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic Hospital, Jl. Kabupaten (Lingkar Utara), Kronggahan, Trihanggo, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55291, Indonesia.
| | - Suryono Yudha Patria
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Emy Huriyati
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harry Freitag Luglio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Madarina Julia
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rina Susilowati
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Cresp Barria M, Barria C, Delgado Floody P, Espinoza Zambrano V, Zalazar Quezada B, Carter Vidal A, Fernandez Filho J. Valoración del riesgo cardiometabólico determinado por variables antropometricas en niños escolares con diversidad étnica. ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICIÓN 2018. [DOI: 10.37527/2018.68.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
El aumento progresivo de la obesidad en la población escolar chilena es preocupante, los niños mapuches, corren un riesgo alto de ser obesos, debido a la rápida transculturación y el acceso deficiente a información de salud pública. El propósito del estudio fue comparar variables antropometricas y su relación con el riesgo cardiometabólico en niños Mapuches y no-Mapuches, pertenecientes a colegios rurales de la IX Región de Chile. Se evaluaron 239 escolares (118 niñas y 121 niños) entre 6 y 12 años, pertenecientes a 3 colegios de rurales de la comuna de Cholchol, Imperial y Galvarino de la región de la Araucanía Chile, perteneciendo 177 escolares a la etnia mapuche, participaron de la investigación de forma voluntaria. Se recolectaron datos respecto a descendencia étnica (mapuche, no mapuche), edad, peso, talla, circunferencia cintura (CC), relación cintura estatura (RCE) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). En la comparación por sexo y etnia no existieron diferencias significativas (p>0,05). Las variables Antropométricas de peso, CC, RCE, IMC fueron mayores en los sujetos con obesidad y presentaron significancia (p<0.001). El IMC presentó elevada correlación con el CC y presentó significancia (p<0,001). El resultado de la correlación de variables en población Mapuche del IMC con el CC fue mayor (0,909, p<0,001), en comparación a los no-Mapuches. En esta investigación reportó una elevada prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso 43,9% del grupo total estudiado y una alta relación entre el IMC, el CC y la RCE, siendo mayor está en los niños con etnia mapuche.
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Łuczyński W, Głowińska-Olszewska B, Bossowski A. The influence of clinical and genetic factors on the development of obesity in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:666-671. [PMID: 26945930 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The exact cause of the obesity epidemic remains unknown; however, both environmental and genetic factors are involved. People at risk of developing obesity include children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which in turn increases their cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we discuss the clinical and genetic factors influencing weight in patients with T1DM. In children with T1DM, the presence of obesity depends mainly on sex, metabolic control, and disease duration. However, genetic factors, including the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, are also associated with body weight. Indeed, children with the FTO gene rs9939609 obesity-risk allele (homozygous = AA or heterozygous = AT) are predisposed to a higher body mass index and have a greater risk of being overweight or obese. However, in this review, we show that FTO gene polymorphisms only have a small effect on body weight in children, much weaker than the effect of clinical factors. The association between FTO gene polymorphisms and body weight is only statistically significant in children without severe obesity. Moreover, other genetic factors had no effect on weight in patients with T1DM, and further research involving larger populations is required to confirm the genetic basis of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, identifying the clinical features of children with T1DM, such as their initial body mass index, sex, metabolic control, and disease duration, will still have the strongest effect on reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Physicians should pay close attention to modifiable elements of these relationships, for example, metabolic control and energy and insulin intake, when caring for patients with T1DM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Łuczyński
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Saldaña-Alvarez Y, Salas-Martínez MG, García-Ortiz H, Luckie-Duque A, García-Cárdenas G, Vicenteño-Ayala H, Cordova EJ, Esparza-Aguilar M, Contreras-Cubas C, Carnevale A, Chávez-Saldaña M, Orozco L. Gender-Dependent Association of FTO Polymorphisms with Body Mass Index in Mexicans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145984. [PMID: 26726774 PMCID: PMC4703196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the associations between six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 1 of FTO and body mass index (BMI), a case-control association study of 2314 unrelated Mexican-Mestizo adult subjects was performed. The association between each SNP and BMI was tested using logistic and linear regression adjusted for age, gender, and ancestry and assuming additive, recessive, and dominant effects of the minor allele. Association analysis after BMI stratification showed that all five FTO SNPs (rs1121980, rs17817449, rs3751812, rs9930506, and rs17817449), were significantly associated with obesity class II/III under an additive model (P<0.05). Interestingly, we also documented a genetic model-dependent influence of gender on the effect of FTO variants on increased BMI. Two SNPs were specifically associated in males under a dominant model, while the remainder were associated with females under additive and recessive models (P<0.05). The SNP rs9930506 showed the highest increased in obesity risk in females (odds ratio = 4.4). Linear regression using BMI as a continuous trait also revealed differential FTO SNP contributions. Homozygous individuals for the risk alleles of rs17817449, rs3751812, and rs9930506 were on average 2.18 kg/m(2) heavier than homozygous for the wild-type alleles; rs1121980 and rs8044769 showed significant but less-strong effects on BMI (1.54 kg/m(2) and 0.9 kg/m(2), respectively). Remarkably, rs9930506 also exhibited positive interactions with age and BMI in a gender-dependent manner. Women carrying the minor allele of this variant have a significant increase in BMI by year (0.42 kg/m(2), P = 1.17 x 10(-10)). Linear regression haplotype analysis under an additive model, confirmed that the TGTGC haplotype harboring all five minor alleles, increased the BMI of carriers by 2.36 kg/m(2) (P = 1.15 x 10(-5)). Our data suggest that FTO SNPs make differential contributions to obesity risk and support the hypothesis that gender differences in the mechanisms involving these variants may contribute to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Saldaña-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Immunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Salas-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Immunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Cd. de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto García-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Immunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Emilio J. Cordova
- Laboratorio de Immunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Esparza-Aguilar
- Centro Nacional para la Salud de la Infancia y la Adolescencia, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Contreras-Cubas
- Laboratorio de Immunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alessandra Carnevale
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Immunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Cd. de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Xi B, Zhao X, Shen Y, Wu L, Hou D, Cheng H, Mi J. An obesity genetic risk score predicts risk of insulin resistance among Chinese children. Endocrine 2014; 47:825-32. [PMID: 24619288 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A great number of body mass index (BMI)/obesity-related loci have been identified by recent genome-wide association studies. The objective of the study is to investigate the associations of 11 obesity-related loci with insulin resistance (IR) in a Chinese children population. Participants included 3,468 Chinese children, aged 6-18 years. The 75 percentile (equal to 2.93) of homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index was considered as the cut-off of IR. A total of 868 IR cases and 2,600 control children were identified. In age- and sex-adjusted model, only two SNPs in/near GNPDA2 and KCTD15 genes were significantly associated with risk of IR [GNPDA2 rs10938397: allelic odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.34, P = 0.003; KCTD15 rs29941: allelic OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.31, P = 0.034]; genetic risk score was also significantly associated risk of IR (OR = 1.08, 95 % 1.04-1.12, P = 1.18 × 10(-4)). After additional adjustment for BMI, none remained significant. The associations of GNPDA2 rs10938397 and the SNPs in combination with risk of IR remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. The present study demonstrated that the associations of GNPDA2 rs10938397 and the SNPs in combination with risk of IR were statistically significant, which were dependent on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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Liu C, Mou S, Cai Y. FTO gene variant and risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82133. [PMID: 24278475 PMCID: PMC3838399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) polymorphisms have been implicated in the susceptibility of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the association of FTO gene polymorphisms with overweight/obesity risk among children and adolescents. METHODS PubMed and Embase were used to search for eligible published literatures. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effect models. RESULTS A total of 21 articles containing 23 studies (11208cases and 35015controls) were included in our analysis. The results indicated that variant in FTO gene was significantly associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents (OR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.27-1.44; P<0.001). The overall pooled ORs for risk obesity and overweight were 1.34 (95%CI: 1.21-1.48) and 1.35 (95%CI: 1.25-1.47), respectively. Subgroup analyses also showed similar trends in most subgroups of adjustment for covariates and unadjustment, different ethnicities (Caucasians, Asians, and Amerindians), and each of three investigated polymorphisms (rs9939609, rs1421085, and rs1558902). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggested a positive association between FTO gene polymorphism and overweight/obesity risk among children and adolescents. Further prospective studies should be recommended to confirm the observed association, and underlying mechanism should be investigated to clarify the association of FTO gene polymorphism with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sihua Mou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangqun Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Shinozaki K, Okuda M. The effects of fat mass and obesity-associated gene variants on the body mass index among ethnic groups and in children and adults. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S588-S595. [PMID: 23565494 PMCID: PMC3602988 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association analyses have revealed common gene variations related to obesity. Variants of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene among more than 40 genes studied were most closely associated with obesity, but the association varies among ethnicities. Moreover, the effect is significant in people of European descent as well as Asians, but less significant among people of African descent. Although the variants were also associated with type 2 diabetes and glucose homeostasis, the associations were attenuated or abolished after adjusting for adiposity. The present review considers our current understanding of the effects of the FTO variants in different ethnic groups and in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shinozaki
- Department of Environmental Safety, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuda
- Department of Environmental Safety, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Japan
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15
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Jacobsson JA, Schiöth HB, Fredriksson R. The impact of intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms and ethnic diversity for studies on the obesity gene FTO. Obes Rev 2012; 13:1096-109. [PMID: 22931202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, the first common genetic variants were identified, which undoubtedly affect our susceptibility to obesity. These variants are located in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene FTO. Since then, over 50 loci for common obesity have been identified. As the research on these loci is still at an early stage, there is a great need to review, for clarification purposes, the current research on FTO, as this is likely to influence future studies. Based on the current knowledge, FTO seems to be directly involved in the regulation of energy intake, but there is an urgent need for the identification of regulatory polymorphisms. Thus, herein, we discuss current knowledge and highlight putative functional regions in FTO based on published data and computer-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jacobsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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