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Sasarman F, Maftei C, Campeau PM, Brunel-Guitton C, Mitchell GA, Allard P. Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans: associated disorders and biochemical tests. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:173-88. [PMID: 26689402 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are long, unbranched heteropolymers with repeating disaccharide units that make up the carbohydrate moiety of proteoglycans. Six distinct classes of GAGs are recognized. Their synthesis follows one of three biosynthetic pathways, depending on the type of oligosaccharide linker they contain. Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and heparin sulfate contain a common tetrasaccharide linker that is O-linked to specific serine residues in core proteins. Keratan sulfate can contain three different linkers, either N-linked to asparagine or O-linked to serine/threonine residues in core proteins. Finally, hyaluronic acid does not contain a linker and is not covalently attached to a core protein. Most inborn errors of GAG biosynthesis are reported in small numbers of patients. To date, in 20 diseases, convincing evidence for pathogenicity has been presented for mutations in a total of 16 genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, epimerases or transporters. GAG synthesis defects should be suspected in patients with a combination of characteristic clinical features in more than one connective tissue compartment: bone and cartilage (short long bones with or without scoliosis), ligaments (joint laxity/dislocations), and subepithelial (skin, sclerae). Some produce distinct clinical syndromes. The commonest laboratory tests used for this group of diseases are analysis of GAGs, enzyme assays, and molecular testing. In principle, GAG analysis has potential as a general first-line diagnostic test for GAG biosynthesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Sasarman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catalina Maftei
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Brunel-Guitton
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Grant A Mitchell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre Allard
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomewide association studies (GWASs) on antidepressant efficacy have yielded modest results. A possible reason is that response is influenced by other factors, which possibly interact with genetic variation. We used a GWAS model to predict antidepressant response, by including predictors previously known to affect response, such as quality of life (QoL). We also evaluated the association between genes, previously implicated in gene-environment (G × E) interactions, and response using an enrichment analysis. METHOD We examined a sample of 1426 depressed patients from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial: 774 responders, 652 non-responders and 418,865 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed. First, in a GWAS model, we investigated whether genetic variations interact with patients' levels of QoL to predict response, after controlling for demographic characteristics, severity and population stratification. Second, we conducted an enrichment analysis exploring whether candidate genes that have emerged from prior G × E interaction studies on depression are associated with treatment response. RESULTS The GWAS model, with QoL as a moderator, yielded one SNP (rs520210) associated with response in the NEDD4L gene (p = 3.64 × 10⁻⁸). In the Caucasian sample only, we observed a drop in significance for this SNP. The enrichment analysis showed that SNPs within serotonergic genes contained more significant markers that predicted response, compared with a random set of genes in the genome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to possible target genes, which are proposed for further independent replication. Our enrichment analysis provides further support, in a genomewide context, of the role of serotonergic genes in influencing antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Antypa
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Drago
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jan WC, Yang SY, Chuang LC, Lu RB, Lu MK, Sun HS, Kuo PH. Exploring the associations between genetic variants in genes encoding for subunits of calcium channel and subtypes of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 157:80-6. [PMID: 24581832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of two voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav) genes, CACNA1C and CACNB2, were identified for bipolar disorder (BP) in different ethnic groups in recent genome-wide association studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the associations of several Cav genes and subtypes of BP in genetically more homogeneous Taiwanese samples. Additionally, we tested interaction effects among genes that encode for α1, β and γ-subunits of calcium channel. METHODS 8 Cav genes were selected based on evidence in prior association studies and significant linkage regions for BP. 280 BP patients and 200 controls were recruited. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was performed for interaction testing in these discovery samples. Replication was conducted for two markers using additional 495 Taiwanese cases and 1341 controls. RESULTS Weak associations for CACNA1C (rs10848635), CACNA1E (rs10848635), CACNB2 (rs11013860), and CACNG2 (rs2284018) genes were observed. Joint analysis of four markers revealed higher accumulative risk with increasing numbers of risk genotypes an individual endorsed for BP-I (Ptrend=0.006) and BP-II (Ptrend=0.017) disorders. Combined analysis with independent replication samples further supported the association of rs11013860 in CACNB2 with BP subtype I (P=1×10(-6)). Suggestive interactions were found between genes encoded for different subunits of calcium channel (α1, β, and γ). LIMITATIONS Moderate sample size and incomplete markers coverage for the chosen Cav genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the involvement of different calcium channel genes in bipolar illness, in particular the beta-subunit in the Asian population. Further investigation of functional property of these genes can contribute on understanding the etiological mechanisms of bipolar illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Jan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yi Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Chuang
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare & Management, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Lu
- Department of Health, Jia Nan Mental Hospital, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Research Center for Genes, Environment and Human Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Daviss WB, O'Donnell L, Soileau BT, Heard P, Carter E, Pliszka SR, Gelfond JAL, Hale DE, Cody JD. Mood disorders in individuals with distal 18q deletions. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:879-88. [PMID: 24006251 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined 36 participants at least 4 years old with hemizygous distal deletions of the long arm of Chromosome 18 (18q-) for histories of mood disorders and to characterize these disorders clinically. Since each participant had a different region of 18q hemizygosity, our goal was also to identify their common region of hemizygosity associated with mood disorders; thereby identifying candidate causal genes in that region. Lifetime mood and other psychiatric disorders were determined by semi-structured interviews of patients and parents, supplemented by reviews of medical and psychiatric records, and norm-referenced psychological assessment instruments, for psychiatric symptoms, cognitive problems, and adaptive functioning. Sixteen participants were identified with lifetime mood disorders (ages 12-42 years, 71% female, 14 having had unipolar depression and 2 with bipolar disorders). From the group of 20 who did not meet criteria for a mood disorder; a comparison group of 6 participants were identified who were matched for age range and deletion size. Mood-disordered patients had high rates of anxiety (75%) and externalizing behavior disorders (44%), and significant mean differences from comparison patients (P < 0.05), including higher overall and verbal IQs and lower autistic symptoms. A critical region was defined in the mood-disordered group that included a hypothetical gene, C18orf62, and two known genes, ZADH2 and TSHZ1. We conclude that patients having terminal deletions of this critical region of the long arm of Chromosome 18 are highly likely to have mood disorders, which are often comorbid with anxiety and to a lesser extent with externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Daviss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Sulkava S, Ollila HM, Ahola K, Partonen T, Viitasalo K, Kettunen J, Lappalainen M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Lindström J, Härmä M, Puttonen S, Salomaa V, Paunio T. Genome-wide scan of job-related exhaustion with three replication studies implicate a susceptibility variant at the UST gene locus. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3363-72. [PMID: 23620144 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Job-related exhaustion is the core dimension of burnout, a work-related stress syndrome that has several negative health consequences. In this study, we explored the molecular genetic background of job-related exhaustion. A genome-wide analysis of job-related exhaustion was performed in the GENMETS subcohort (n = 1256) of the Finnish population-based Health 2000 study. Replication analyses included an analysis of the strongest associations in the rest of the Health 2000 sample (n = 1660 workers) and in three independent populations (the FINRISK population cohort, n = 10 753; two occupational cohorts, total n = 1451). Job-related exhaustion was ascertained using a standard self-administered questionnaire (the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)-GS exhaustion scale in the Health 2000 sample and the occupational cohorts) or a single question (FINRISK). A variant located in an intron of UST, uronyl-2-sulfotransferase (rs13219957), gave the strongest statistical evidence in the initial genome-wide study (P = 1.55 × 10(-7)), and was associated with job-related exhaustion in all the replication sets (P < 0.05; P = 6.75 × 10(-7) from the meta-analysis). Consistent with studies of mood disorders, individual common genetic variants did not have any strong effect on job-related exhaustion. However, the nominally significant signals from the allelic variant of UST in four separate samples suggest that this variant might be a weak risk factor for job-related exhaustion. Together with the previously reported associations of other dermatan/chondroitin sulfate genes with mood disorders, these results indicate a potential molecular pathway for stress-related traits and mark a candidate region for further studies of job-related and general exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sulkava
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Chang JS, Choi S, Ha K, Ha TH, Cho HS, Choi JE, Cha B, Moon E. Differential pattern of semantic memory organization between bipolar I and II disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1053-8. [PMID: 21371517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Semantic cognition is one of the key factors in psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in pattern of semantic memory organization between euthymic patients with bipolar I and II disorders using the category fluency task. Study participants included 23 euthymic subjects with bipolar I disorder, 23 matched euthymic subjects with bipolar II disorder and 23 matched control subjects. All participants were assessed for verbal learning, recall, learning strategies, and fluency. The combined methods of hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling were used to compare the pattern of semantic memory organization among the three groups. Quantitative measures of verbal learning, recall, learning strategies, and fluency did not differ between the three groups. A two-cluster structure of semantic memory organization was identified for the three groups. Semantic structure was more disorganized in the bipolar I disorder group compared to the bipolar II disorder. In addition, patients with bipolar II disorder used less elaborate strategies of semantic memory organization than those of controls. Compared to healthy controls, strategies for categorization in semantic memory appear to be less knowledge-based in patients with bipolar disorders. A differential pattern of semantic memory organization between bipolar I and II disorders indicates a higher risk of cognitive abnormalities in patients with bipolar I disorder compared to patients with bipolar II disorder. Exploring qualitative nature of neuropsychological domains may provide an explanatory insight into the characteristic behaviors of patients with bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Chang
- Bipolar Disorder Translational Research Center & Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Republic of Korea
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Swartz HA, Thase ME. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of acute bipolar II depression: current evidence. J Clin Psychiatry 2011; 72:356-66. [PMID: 20816033 PMCID: PMC4536931 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.09r05192gre] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar II disorder is a common, recurrent, and disabling psychiatric illness, and yet little is known about how best to treat it. The pressing clinical need for evidence-based approaches to the treatment of bipolar II disorder, coupled with recent publication of pertinent studies, calls for an updated review of this literature. This review focuses on a critical examination of the evidence supporting the efficacy of treatments for acute depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE (via Ovid) search of journals, covering the period from January 1950 to January 2009, was performed to identify relevant studies. Keywords used were bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder, bipolar depression, and pharmacotherapy. Studies were further limited to those that were in adult samples, published in peer-reviewed journals, and written in English. STUDY SELECTION We examined all randomized trials evaluating the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of acute bipolar II depression. Studies with mixed samples of bipolar I and II or bipolar II and unipolar depression were examined as well. Twenty-one randomized trials were identified and reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION Therapeutic agents were rated according to the quality of evidence supporting their efficacy as treatments for bipolar II depression. DATA SYNTHESIS Ninety percent of relevant trials were published after 2005. Quetiapine was judged as having compelling evidence supporting its efficacy. Lithium, antidepressants, and pramipexole were judged as having preliminary support for efficacy. Lamotrigine was considered to have mixed support. CONCLUSIONS Although progress has been made, further research on bipolar II depression is warranted.
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Shi J, Potash JB, Knowles JA, Weissman MM, Coryell W, Scheftner WA, Lawson WB, DePaulo JR, Gejman PV, Sanders AR, Johnson JK, Adams P, Chaudhury S, Jancic D, Evgrafov O, Zvinyatskovskiy A, Ertman N, Gladis M, Neimanas K, Goodell M, Hale N, Ney N, Verma R, Mirel D, Holmans P, Levinson DF. Genome-wide association study of recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:193-201. [PMID: 20125088 PMCID: PMC6486400 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study was carried out in 1020 case subjects with recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) (onset before age 31) and 1636 control subjects screened to exclude lifetime MDD. Subjects were genotyped with the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. After extensive quality control procedures, 671 424 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 25 068 X chromosome SNPs with minor allele frequency greater than 1% were available for analysis. An additional 1 892 186 HapMap II SNPs were analyzed based on imputed genotypic data. Single-SNP logistic regression trend tests were computed, with correction for ancestry-informative principal component scores. No genome-wide significant evidence for association was observed, assuming that nominal P<5 × 10(-8) approximates a 5% genome-wide significance threshold. The strongest evidence for association was observed on chromosome 18q22.1 (rs17077540, P=1.83 × 10(-7)) in a region that has produced some evidence for linkage to bipolar-I or -II disorder in several studies, within an mRNA detected in human brain tissue (BC053410) and approximately 75 kb upstream of DSEL. Comparing these results with those of a meta-analysis of three MDD GWAS data sets reported in a companion article, we note that among the strongest signals observed in the GenRED sample, the meta-analysis provided the greatest support (although not at a genome-wide significant level) for association of MDD to SNPs within SP4, a brain-specific transcription factor. Larger samples will be required to confirm the hypothesis of association between MDD (and particularly the recurrent early-onset subtype) and common SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Mathieu F, Dizier MH, Etain B, Jamain S, Rietschel M, Maier W, Albus M, McKeon P, Roche S, Blackwood D, Muir WJ, Henry C, Malafosse A, Preisig M, Ferrero F, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Ohlraun S, Propping P, Abou Jamra R, Schulze TG, Zelenica D, Charon C, Marusic A, Dernovsek MC, Gurling H, Nöthen M, Lathrop M, Leboyer M, Bellivier F. European collaborative study of early-onset bipolar disorder: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity on 2q14 according to age at onset. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1425-33. [PMID: 20886542 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder has a genetic component, but the mode of inheritance remains unclear. A previous genome scan conducted in 70 European families led to detect eight regions linked to bipolar disease. Here, we present an investigation of whether the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder corresponds to genetic heterogeneity in these regions using additional markers and an extended sample of families. The MLS statistic was used for linkage analyses. The predivided sample test and the maximum likelihood binomial methods were used to test genetic homogeneity between early-onset bipolar type I (cut-off of 22 years) and other types of the disorder (later onset of bipolar type I and early-onset bipolar type II), using a total of 138 independent bipolar-affected sib-pairs. Analysis of the extended sample of families supports linkage in four regions (2q14, 3p14, 16p23, and 20p12) of the eight regions of linkage suggested by our previous genome scan. Heterogeneity testing revealed genetic heterogeneity between early and late-onset bipolar type I in the 2q14 region (P = 0.0001). Only the early form of the bipolar disorder but not the late form appeared to be linked to this region. This region may therefore include a genetic factor either specifically involved in the early-onset bipolar type I or only influencing the age at onset (AAO). Our findings illustrate that stratification according to AAO may be valuable for the identification of genetic vulnerability polymorphisms. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Mathieu
- INSERM, U 955, IMRB, Department of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry Genetics, Creteil, France.
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Huang J, Perlis RH, Lee PH, Rush AJ, Fava M, Sachs GS, Lieberman J, Hamilton SP, Sullivan P, Sklar P, Purcell S, Smoller JW. Cross-disorder genomewide analysis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:1254-63. [PMID: 20713499 PMCID: PMC3880556 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family and twin studies indicate substantial overlap of genetic influences on psychotic and mood disorders. Linkage and candidate gene studies have also suggested overlap across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to apply genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis to address the specificity of genetic effects on these disorders. METHOD The authors combined GWAS data from three large effectiveness studies of schizophrenia (CATIE, genotyped: N=741), bipolar disorder (STEP-BD, geno-typed: N=1,575), and major depressive disorder (STAR*D, genotyped: N=1,938) as well as from psychiatrically screened control subjects (NIMH-Genetics Repository: N=1,204). A two-stage analytic procedure involving an omnibus test of allele frequency differences among case and control groups was applied, followed by a model selection step to identify the best-fitting model of allelic effects across disorders. RESULTS The strongest result was seen for a single nucleotide polymorphism near the adrenomedullin (ADM) gene (rs6484218), with the best-fitting model indicating that the effect was specific to bipolar II disorder. Findings also revealed evidence suggesting that several genes may have effects that transcend clinical diagnostic boundaries, including variants in NPAS3 that showed pleiotropic effects across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first genomewide significant evidence implicating variants near the ADM gene on chromosome 11p15 in psychopathology, with effects that appear to be specific to bipolar II disorder. Although genomewide significant evidence of cross-disorder effects was not detected, the results provide evidence that there are both pleiotropic and disorder-specific effects on major mental illness and illustrate an approach to dissecting the genetic basis of mood and psychotic disorders that can inform future large-scale cross-disorder GWAS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gary S. Sachs
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Steven P. Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Palo OM, Soronen P, Silander K, Varilo T, Tuononen K, Kieseppä T, Partonen T, Lönnqvist J, Paunio T, Peltonen L. Identification of susceptibility loci at 7q31 and 9p13 for bipolar disorder in an isolated population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:723-35. [PMID: 19851985 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We performed a linkage analysis on 23 Finnish families with bipolar disorder and originating from the North-Eastern region of Finland, using the Illumina Linkage Panel IV (6K) Array with an average intermarker spacing of 0.65 cM across the genome. We detected genome-wide significant evidence for linkage of mood disorder (bipolar disorder type I, II, or not otherwise specified, manic type of schizoaffective psychosis, cyclothymia, or recurrent depression) to chromosomes 7q31 (LOD = 3.20) and 9p13.1 (LOD = 4.02). Analyzing the best markers on the complete set of 179 Finnish bipolar families supported the findings on chromosome 9p13 (maximum LOD score of 3.02 at position 383 Mb, immediately upstream of the centromere). This region harbors several interesting candidate genes, including contactin associated protein-like 3 (CNTNAP3) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1B1). For the 7q31 locus, only one extended pedigree and ten families originating from the same late settlement region in North-Eastern Finland provided evidence for linkage, suggesting that a gene predisposing to bipolar disorder is enriched in that region. Candidate genes of interest in this locus include potassium-voltage-gated channel, member 2 (KCND2) and calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CADPS2). The loci on the centromeric region of 9p13 and the telomeric region of 7q31 may represent susceptibility loci for mood disorder in the Finnish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi M Palo
- FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Nagamine M, Yoshino A, Miyazaki M, Takahashi Y, Nomura S. Difference in binocular rivalry rate between patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Bipolar Disord 2009; 11:539-46. [PMID: 19624393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When dissimilar figures are presented to each eye individually, perception alternates spontaneously between each monocular view. This phenomenon, known as binocular rivalry, has been used as a powerful tool to investigate conscious visual awareness. Of clinical relevance, Pettigrew and Miller (Proc Biol Sci 1998; 265: 2141-2148) found slow perceptual alternation rates in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). For a better understanding of differences between BD-I and bipolar II disorder (BD-II), we examined whether perceptual alternation rates of binocular rivalry differ between the two subtypes of bipolar disorder. METHODS The subjects comprised 25 healthy controls, 11 patients with BD-I, and 17 patients with BD-II. They underwent binocular rivalry examination. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to determine differences in the phase duration of binocular rivalry between the control, BD-I, and BD-II groups. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the mean phase duration of binocular rivalry between the groups. Although the medication administered did not differ significantly between the BD-I and BD-II patients, the phase duration was significantly longer among the BD-I patients than the BD-II patients and controls, whereas no significant difference was observed in the phase duration between the BD-II patients and controls. CONCLUSION The present results reveal a significant difference in the mean phase duration of binocular rivalry between subjects with BD-I and those with BD-II, suggesting the presence of some neurobiological difference between these two subtypes of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagamine
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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Welander-Vatn AS, Jensen J, Lycke C, Agartz I, Server A, Gadmar ØB, Melle I, Nakstad PH, Andreassen OA. No altered dorsal anterior cingulate activation in bipolar II disorder patients during a Go/No-go task: an fMRI study. Bipolar Disord 2009; 11:270-9. [PMID: 19419384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that one of the core features in patients with bipolar disorder II (BD II) is increased impulsivity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with BD II showed decreased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) as compared to healthy controls when performing a task sensitive to impulsivity. METHODS Twenty-seven BD II patients and 28 healthy controls performed a Go/No-go task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. Eleven of the patients were unmedicated, and possible group differences between medicated and unmedicated patients were also assessed. RESULTS The groups did not differ in behavioral performance on the Go/No-go task. Both BD II subjects and healthy controls demonstrated dACC activity during the task, and analyses revealed no statistically significant group differences. Medicated and unmedicated patients also did not differ in the degree of fMRI activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings do not support the hypothesis of abnormal dACC activity during a Go/No-go task in BD II patients.
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Andersson S, Barder HE, Hellvin T, Løvdahl H, Malt UF. Neuropsychological and electrophysiological indices of neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar II disorder. Bipolar Disord 2008; 10:888-99. [PMID: 19594504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are conflicting findings regarding the nature and degree of neurocognitive dysfunction in bipolar II disorder (BD II). The aim of this study was to describe different levels of neurocognitive functioning in BD II by combining behavior-based methods (neuropsychological testing) and event-related potentials (ERP). METHODS Twenty-five consecutively referred outpatients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for BD II and 28 matched controls performed a neuropsychological test battery targeting working memory/attention, executive functions, verbal and visual memory, and psychomotor speed. In addition, ERPs for measuring early and controlled stages of information processing were recorded using a duration mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm and a three-tone auditory oddball paradigm. RESULTS Compared to controls, BD II patients' performance was significantly impaired on all neuropsychological measures, except for phonemic verbal fluency, with moderate to strong effect sizes ranging from 0.62 to 1.34. The ERP results indicate dysfunctions in early stages of information processing, showing a significant MMN latency increase and attenuated frontal amplitudes in BD II patients. Female patients showed increased P3a latency compared to female controls, but no group differences were found for P3b latency or amplitude, the ERP component expressing controlled information processing. CONCLUSIONS The functional significance of neuropsychological impairment is discussed. Differences regarding some aspects of executive function may be related to psychomotor speed, and not primarily to dysexecutive functioning. ERP results must be interpreted with caution, but the differences found in MMN latency and amplitudes may be related to fronto-temporal circuitry underlying pre-attentive stimulus change detection as measured by MMN, and are discussed in relation to previous research on MMN in other neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein Andersson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo N-0027, Norway.
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Shi J, Badner JA, Hattori E, Potash JB, Willour VL, McMahon FJ, Gershon ES, Liu C. Neurotransmission and bipolar disorder: a systematic family-based association study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:1270-7. [PMID: 18444252 PMCID: PMC2574701 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission pathways/systems have been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder for over 40 years. In order to test the hypothesis that common variants of genes in one or more of five neurotransmission systems confer risk for bipolar disorder, we analyzed 1,005 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in 90 genes from dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems in 101 trios and 203 quads from Caucasian bipolar families. Our sample has 80% power to detect ORs >or= 1.82 and >or=1.57 for minor allele frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5, respectively. Nominally significant allelic and haplotypic associations were found for genes from each neurotransmission system, with several reaching gene-wide significance (allelic: GRIA1, GRIN2D, and QDPR; haplotypic: GRIN2C, QDPR, and SLC6A3). However, none of these associations survived correction for multiple testing in an individual system, or in all systems considered together. Significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations were not found with sub-phenotypes (alcoholism, psychosis, substance abuse, and suicide attempts) or significant gene-gene interactions. These results suggest that, within the detectable odds ratios of this study, common variants of the selected genes in the five neurotransmission systems do not play major roles in influencing the risk for bipolar disorder or comorbid sub-phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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