1
|
Zhang Z, Yang H, Fang L, Zhao G, Xiang J, Zheng JC, Qin Z. DOS-3 mediates cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity in antagonizing age-related loss of C. elegans germline stem/progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4904. [PMID: 38851828 PMCID: PMC11162419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related depletion of stem cells causes tissue degeneration and failure to tissue regeneration, driving aging at the organismal level. Previously we reported a cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity in antagonizing the age-related loss of germline stem/progenitor cells (GSPCs) in C. elegans, indicating that regulation of stem cell aging occurs at the organ system level. Here we discover the molecular effector that links the cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity to GSPC maintenance over time by performing a tissue-specific DAF-16/FOXO transcriptome analysis. Our data show that dos-3, which encodes a non-canonical Notch ligand, is a direct transcriptional target of DAF-16/FOXO and mediates the effect of the cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity on GSPC maintenance through activating Notch signaling in the germ line. Importantly, expression of a human homologous protein can functionally substitute for DOS-3 in this scenario. As Notch signaling controls the specification of many tissue stem cells, similar mechanisms may exist in other aging stem cell systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Innovation Center of Medical Basic Research for Brain Aging and Associated Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China.
| | - Zhao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Innovation Center of Medical Basic Research for Brain Aging and Associated Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tarca AL, Romero R, Bhatti G, Gotsch F, Done B, Gudicha DW, Gallo DM, Jung E, Pique-Regi R, Berry SM, Chaiworapongsa T, Gomez-Lopez N. Human Plasma Proteome During Normal Pregnancy. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2687-2702. [PMID: 36154181 PMCID: PMC10445406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human plasma proteome is underexplored despite its potential value for monitoring health and disease. Herein, using a recently developed aptamer-based platform, we profiled 7288 proteins in 528 plasma samples from 91 normal pregnancies (Gene Expression Omnibus identifier GSE206454). The coefficient of variation was <20% for 93% of analytes (median 7%), and a cross-platform correlation for selected key angiogenic and anti-angiogenic proteins was significant. Gestational age was associated with changes in 953 proteins, including highly modulated placenta- and decidua-specific proteins, and they were enriched in biological processes including regulation of growth, angiogenesis, immunity, and inflammation. The abundance of proteins corresponding to RNAs specific to populations of cells previously described by single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of the placenta was highly modulated throughout gestation. Furthermore, machine learning-based prediction of gestational age and of time from sampling to term delivery compared favorably with transcriptomic models (mean absolute error of 2 weeks). These results suggested that the plasma proteome may provide a non-invasive readout of placental cellular dynamics and serve as a blueprint for investigating obstetrical disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48103, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan48824, United States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Dereje W Gudicha
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valle 13, Cali, Valle del Cauca100-00, Colombia
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
| | - Stanley M Berry
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan48201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
DLK1 is a maternally imprinted, paternally expressed gene coding for the transmembrane protein Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1), a non-canonical NOTCH ligand with well-described roles during development, and tumor-supportive functions in several aggressive cancer forms. Here, we review the many functions of DLK1 as a regulator of stem cell pools and tissue differentiation in tissues such as brain, muscle, and liver. Furthermore, we review recent evidence supporting roles for DLK1 in the maintenance of aggressive stem cell characteristics of tumor cells, specifically focusing on central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss NOTCH -dependent as well as NOTCH-independent functions of DLK1, and focus particularly on the complex pattern of DLK1 expression and cleavage that is finely regulated from a spatial and temporal perspective. Progress in recent years suggest differential functions of extracellular, soluble DLK1 as a paracrine stem cell niche-secreted factor, and has revealed a role for the intracellular domain of DLK1 in cell signaling and tumor stemness. A better understanding of DLK1 regulation and signaling may enable therapeutic targeting of cancer stemness by interfering with DLK1 release and/or intracellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kolli V, da Cunha IW, Kim S, Iben JR, Mallappa A, Li T, Gaynor A, Coon SL, Quezado MM, Merke DP. Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of Adrenals and Adrenal Rest Affected by Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:730947. [PMID: 34616364 PMCID: PMC8488225 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.730947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adrenocortical hyperplasia and adrenal rest tumor (ART) formation are common in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Although driven by excessive corticotropin, much is unknown regarding the morphology and transformation of these tissues. Our study objective was to characterize CAH-affected adrenals and ART and compare with control adrenal and gonadal tissues. Patients/Methods CAH adrenals, ART and control tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome sequencing. We investigated protein expression of the ACTH receptor (MC2R), steroidogenic (CYP11B2, CYP11B1, CYB5A) and immune (CD20, CD3, CD68) biomarkers, and delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a membrane bound protein broadly expressed in fetal and many endocrine cells. RNA was isolated and gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by principle component, and unsupervised clustering analyses. Results Based on immunohistochemistry, CAH adrenals and ART demonstrated increased zona reticularis (ZR)-like CYB5A expression, compared to CYP11B1, and CYP11B2, markers of zona fasciculata and zona glomerulosa respectively. CYP11B2 was mostly absent in CAH adrenals and absent in ART. DLK1 was present in CAH adrenal, ART, and also control adrenal and testis, but was absent in control ovary. Increased expression of adrenocortical marker MC2R, was observed in CAH adrenals compared to control adrenal. Unlike control tissues, significant nodular lymphocytic infiltration was observed in CAH adrenals and ART, with CD20 (B-cell), CD3 (T-cell) and CD68 (macrophage/monocyte) markers of inflammation. RNA-seq data revealed co-expression of adrenal MC2R, and testis-specific INSL3, HSD17B3 in testicular ART indicating the presence of both gonadal and adrenal features, and high expression of DLK1 in ART, CAH adrenals and control adrenal. Principal component analysis indicated that the ART transcriptome was more similar to CAH adrenals and least similar to control testis tissue. Conclusions CAH-affected adrenal glands and ART have similar expression profiles and morphology, demonstrating increased CYB5A with ZR characteristics and lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting a common origin that is similarly affected by the abnormal hormonal milieu. Immune system modulators may play a role in tumor formation of CAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipula Kolli
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - SunA Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James R. Iben
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ashwini Mallappa
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tianwei Li
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alison Gaynor
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven L. Coon
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martha M. Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah P. Merke
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marquez-Exposito L, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Rayego-Mateos S, Fierro-Fernandez M, Rodrigues-Diez R, Orejudo M, Santos-Sanchez L, Blanco EM, Laborda J, Mezzano S, Lamas S, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. Deletion of delta-like 1 homologue accelerates renal inflammation by modulating the Th17 immune response. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21213. [PMID: 33368614 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that activation of the NOTCH pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage. There is currently no information on the role of the Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1), a NOTCH inhibitor, in the regulation of renal damage. Here, we investigated the contribution of DLK1 to experimental renal damage and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using a Dlk1-null mouse model in the experimental renal damage of unilateral ureteral obstruction, we found activation of NOTCH, as shown by increased nuclear translocation of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain, and upregulation of Dlk2/hey-1 expression compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. NOTCH1 over-activation in Dlk1-null injured kidneys was associated with a higher inflammatory response, characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly CD4/IL17A + lymphocytes, and activation of the Th17 immune response. Furthermore, pharmacological NOTCH blockade inhibited the transcription factors controlling Th17 differentiation and gene expression of the Th17 effector cytokine IL-17A and other related-inflammatory factors, linked to a diminution of inflammation in the injured kidneys. We propose that the non-canonical NOTCH ligand DLK1 acts as a NOTCH antagonist in renal injury regulating the Th17-mediated inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masoudzadeh SH, Mohammadabadi M, Khezri A, Stavetska RV, Oleshko VP, Babenko OI, Yemets Z, Kalashnik OM. Effects of diets with different levels of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed powder on DLK1 gene expression in brain, adipose tissue, femur muscle and rumen of Kermani lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Magis AT, Rappaport N, Conomos MP, Omenn GS, Lovejoy JC, Hood L, Price ND. Untargeted longitudinal analysis of a wellness cohort identifies markers of metastatic cancer years prior to diagnosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16275. [PMID: 33004987 PMCID: PMC7529776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 1196 proteins in longitudinal plasma samples from participants in a commercial wellness program, including samples collected pre-diagnosis from ten cancer patients and 69 controls. For three individuals ultimately diagnosed with metastatic breast, lung, or pancreatic cancer, CEACAM5 was a persistent longitudinal outlier as early as 26.5 months pre-diagnosis. CALCA, a biomarker for medullary thyroid cancer, was hypersecreted in metastatic pancreatic cancer at least 16.5 months pre-diagnosis. ERBB2 levels spiked in metastatic breast cancer between 10.0 and 4.0 months pre-diagnosis. Our results support the value of deep phenotyping seemingly healthy individuals in prospectively inferring disease transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Magis
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Noa Rappaport
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Providence St. Joseph Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Role of Pref-1 during Adipogenic Differentiation: An Overview of Suggested Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114104. [PMID: 32526833 PMCID: PMC7312882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes significantly to the global health burden. A better understanding of adipogenesis, the process of fat formation, may lead to the discovery of novel treatment strategies. However, it is of concern that the regulation of adipocyte differentiation has predominantly been studied using the murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and murine experimental animal models. Translation of these findings to the human setting requires confirmation using experimental models of human origin. The ability of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes is an attractive model to study adipogenesis in vitro. Differences in the ability of MSCs isolated from different sources to undergo adipogenic differentiation, may be useful in investigating elements responsible for regulating adipogenic differentiation potential. Genes involved may be divided into three broad categories: early, intermediate and late-stage regulators. Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is an early negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we briefly discuss the adipogenic differentiation potential of MSCs derived from two different sources, namely adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and Wharton’s Jelly derived stromal/stem cells (WJSCs). We then discuss the function and suggested mechanisms of action of Pref-1 in regulating adipogenesis, as well as current findings regarding Pref-1’s role in human adipogenesis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Circulating Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) at 36 weeks is correlated with birthweight and is of placental origin. Placenta 2020; 91:24-30. [PMID: 32174303 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) was identified as a potential marker of small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th centile) fetuses; mouse studies suggest reduced levels may represent a fetal stress signal. We sought to measure DLK1 in a large independent cohort of maternal blood samples, correlate levels with measures of placental insufficiency and assess whether DLK1 might be placental derived. METHODS The Fetal Longitudinal Assessment of Growth (FLAG) study was a prospective blood collection from 2000 women. We assessed a case-control cohort at 28 and 36 weeks from the first 1000 FLAG women, before validating changes in the entire second 1000. A subgroup of FLAG participants underwent ultrasound examinations, and 137 neonates, body composition assessment (PEAPOD). DLK1 secretion was assessed from human placentas ex vivo. RESULTS Circulating DLK1 was significantly reduced at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation in women destined to deliver a SGA fetus and associated with birthweight centile (n = 999, p < 0.0001), and placental weight (n = 96, p = 0.0064). Ex vivo, DLK1 was abundantly released from human placenta and significantly reduced under hypoxia (n = 7, p < 0.05). We found no relationship between circulating DLK1 and estimated fetal weight, cerebroplacental ratio, uterine artery or umbilical artery pulsatility index. Nor was there a relationship between DLK1 and neonatal fat or lean mass (n = 137). CONCLUSION We confirmed circulating DLK1 is reduced at both 28 and 36 weeks' gestation preceding delivery of a SGA infant, shown that it is not significantly associated with clinical measures of placental insufficiency, and provide new data demonstrating it may be placenta-derived in humans.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hadjidemetriou I, Mariniello K, Ruiz-Babot G, Pittaway J, Mancini A, Mariannis D, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Parvanta L, Drake WM, Chung TT, Abdel-Aziz TE, DiMarco A, Palazzo FF, Wierman ME, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, King PJ, Guasti L. DLK1/PREF1 marks a novel cell population in the human adrenal cortex. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 193:105422. [PMID: 31265901 PMCID: PMC6736711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex governs fundamental metabolic processes though synthesis of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoids and androgens. Studies in rodents have demonstrated that the cortex undergoes a self-renewal process and that capsular/subcapsular stem/progenitor cell pools differentiate towards functional steroidogenic cells supporting the dynamic centripetal streaming of adrenocortical cells throughout life. We previously demonstrated that the Notch atypical ligand Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1)/preadipocyte factor 1 (PREF1) is expressed in subcapsular Sf1 and Shh-positive, CYP11B1-negative and CYP11B2-partially positive cortical progenitor cells in rat adrenals, and that secreted DLK1 can modulate GLI1 expression in H295R cells. Here we show that the human adrenal cortex remodels with age to generate clusters of relatively undifferentiated cells expressing DLK1. These clusters (named DLK1-expressing cell clusters or DCCs) increased with age in size and were found to be different entities to aldosterone-producing cell clusters, another well-characterized and age-dependent cluster structure. DLK1 was markedly overexpressed in adrenocortical carcinomas but not in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Thus, this data identifies a novel cell population in the human adrenal cortex and might suggest a yet-to be identified role of DLK1 in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hadjidemetriou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katia Mariniello
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gerard Ruiz-Babot
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Pittaway
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Mancini
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Demetris Mariannis
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson MS, USA
| | - Laila Parvanta
- Department of Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Teng-Teng Chung
- Department of Endocrinology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NW1 2PG, London, UK
| | - Tarek Ezzat Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Endocrinology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NW1 2PG, London, UK
| | - Aimee DiMarco
- Department of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fausto F Palazzo
- Department of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter J King
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Traustadóttir GÁ, Lagoni LV, Ankerstjerne LBS, Bisgaard HC, Jensen CH, Andersen DC. The imprinted gene Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) is conserved in mammals, and serves a growth modulatory role during tissue development and regeneration through Notch dependent and independent mechanisms. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Sze L, Tschopp O, Neidert MC, Bernays RL, Ghirlanda C, Zwimpfer C, Wiesli P, Schmid C. Soluble delta-like 1 homolog decreases in patients with acromegaly following pituitary surgery: A potential mediator of adipogenesis suppression by growth hormone? Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 45:20-24. [PMID: 30818110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH excess in acromegaly leads to lower fat mass and insulin resistance; both reverse following pituitary surgery. Soluble delta like-1 homolog (sDlk1) inhibits adipocyte differentiation and may mediate the antiadipogenic effects of GH. It is released into the circulation by ectodomain shedding through 'A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain 17' (ADAM17), which also sheds soluble α-Klotho (sKlotho). Klotho is a transmembrane protein, which influences life span. sKlotho inhibits insulin signalling, and is markedly elevated in acromegaly and decreases after surgery. Therefore, we examined if sDlk1 parallels the course of sKlotho, which could explain the well-known changes in fat mass in patients with acromegaly after surgery. DESIGN We measured serum levels of GH, IGF-1, sDlk1 and sKlotho (both by ELISA) in 42 treatment-naïve acromegaly patients (20 females/22 males) before and 1-3 months after transsphenoidal surgery. Data are presented as median(interquartile range). RESULTS GH decreased in all patients postoperatively (in 32/42 to <1 ng/ml during oral glucose tolerance testing). Likewise, IGF-1 and sKlotho decreased in all patients, from 587 (432-708) to 195 (133-270) ng/ml, and from 4.0 (2.7-5.9) to 0.7 (0.6-1.2) ng/ml, respectively; sDlk1 fell in 40/42 subjects, from 10.7 (5.8-13.4) to 7.1 (3.7-10.4) ng/ml following pituitary surgery. P < 0.0001 for all parameters. CONCLUSIONS sDlk1 declined after pituitary surgery in our patients with acromegaly, but to a lesser extent than sKlotho. It remains to be seen whether this may contribute to the well-known postoperative changes in body composition. Our findings may extend beyond the scope of acromegaly, and thus further elucidate mechanisms in the fields of obesity and anti-ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sze
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Tschopp
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marian C Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - René L Bernays
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Klinik Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Ghirlanda
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cornelia Zwimpfer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Wiesli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Pfaffenholzstrasse 4, CH-8501 Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia-Gallastegi P, Ruiz-García A, Ibarretxe G, Rivero-Hinojosa S, González-Siccha AD, Laborda J, Crende O, Unda F, García-Ramírez JJ. Similarities and differences in tissue distribution of DLK1 and DLK2 during E16.5 mouse embryogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:47-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Distinct hypoxic regulation of preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
15
|
Soluble delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) stimulates angiogenesis through Notch1/Akt/eNOS signaling in endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:299-312. [PMID: 29383634 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is a non-canonical ligand of Notch signaling, which plays a pivotal role in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of DLK1 in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies, expression analysis revealed a unique vascular tropism of DLK1 in vasculature of neuroblastoma and vascular tumors. Thus, it was hypothesized that DLK1 may be cleaved and then bound to endothelial cells, thereby regulating the endothelial function. To test such hypothesis, soluble DLK1 encompassing DLK1 extracellular domain (DLK1-EC) was generated and validated by its inhibitory function in adipogenesis assay. Recombinant DLK1-EC exhibited the preferential binding capability toward endothelial cells and stimulated the microvessels sprouting in aorta rings. Above all, implantation of DLK1-EC dose-dependently elicited the cornea neovascularization in rats. By using various angiogenesis assays, it was delineated that DLK1-EC stimulated the angiogenesis by promoting the proliferation, motility and tube formation of endothelial cells. By immunoblot and luciferase analysis, it was elucidated that DLK1-EC enhanced the expression and activities of Notch1/Akt/eNOS/Hes-1 signaling in dose- and time-dependent manners. Pharmaceutical blockage of Notch signaling using γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT abrogated the DLK1-EC-induced endothelial migration and Hes-1-driven luciferase activities. Furthermore, Notch1 inactivation by neutralizing antibodies or RNA interference reversed the DLK1-EC-induced angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The present study unveils the pro-angiogenic function and mechanism of soluble DLK1 through activation of Notch1 signaling in endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dutta D, Mandal C, Mandal C. Unusual glycosylation of proteins: Beyond the universal sequon and other amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3096-3108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
17
|
Traustadóttir GÁ, Jensen CH, Garcia Ramirez JJ, Beck HC, Sheikh SP, Andersen DC. The non-canonical NOTCH1 ligand Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) self interacts in mammals. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:460-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Dechamethakun S, Muramatsu M. Long noncoding RNA variations in cardiometabolic diseases. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:97-104. [PMID: 27305986 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are characterized as a combination of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and abdominal obesity. This cluster of abnormalities individually and interdependently leads to atherosclerosis and CVD morbidity and mortality. In the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a series of cardiometabolic disease-associated variants that can collectively explain a small proportion of the variability. Intriguingly, the susceptibility variants imputed from GWASs usually do not reside in the coding regions, suggesting a crucial role of the noncoding elements of the genome. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is functional for physiology and pathophysiology of human diseases. These include microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are now implicated in human diseases. The ncRNAs can interact with each other and with proteins, to interfere gene expressions, leading to the development of many human disorders. Although evidence suggests the functional role of lncRNAs in cardiometabolic traits, the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation underlying cardiometabolic diseases remain to be better defined. Here, we summarize the recent discoveries of lncRNA variations in the context of cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Dechamethakun
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lowenthal MS, Davis KS, Formolo T, Kilpatrick LE, Phinney KW. Identification of Novel N-Glycosylation Sites at Noncanonical Protein Consensus Motifs. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2087-101. [PMID: 27246700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation of proteins is well known to occur at asparagine residues that fall within the canonical consensus sequence N-X-S/T but has also been identified at a small number of asparagine residues within N-X-C motifs, including the N491 residue of human serotransferrin. Here we report novel glycosylation sites within noncanonical consensus motifs, in the conformation N-X-C, based on mass spectrometry analysis of partially deglycosylated glycopeptide targets. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AG) and serotransferrin (Tf) were observed for the first time to be N-glycosylated on asparagine residues within a total of six unique noncanonical motifs. N-glycosylation was initially predicted in silico based on the evolutionary conservation of the N-X-C motif among related mammalian species and demonstrated experimentally in A1AG from porcine, canine, and feline sources and in human serotransferrin. High-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to collect fragmentation data of predicted GlcNAcylated peptides and to assign modification sites within N-X-C motifs. A combination of targeted analytical techniques that includes complementary mass spectrometry platforms, enzymatic digestions, and partial-deglycosylation procedures was developed to confirm the novel observations. Additionally, we found that A1AG in porcine and canine sources is highly N-glycosylated at a noncanonical motif (N-Q-C) based on semiquantitative multiple reaction monitoring analysis-the first report of an N-X-C motif exhibiting substantial N-glycosylation. Although reports of N-X-C motif N-glycosylation are relatively uncommon in the literature, this work adds to a growing list of glycoproteins reported with glycosylation at various forms of noncanonical motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Lowenthal
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kiersta S Davis
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Trina Formolo
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lisa E Kilpatrick
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Karen W Phinney
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Traustadóttir GÁ, Jensen CH, Thomassen M, Beck HC, Mortensen SB, Laborda J, Baladrón V, Sheikh SP, Andersen DC. Evidence of non-canonical NOTCH signaling: Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) directly interacts with the NOTCH1 receptor in mammals. Cell Signal 2016; 28:246-54. [PMID: 26791579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical NOTCH signaling, known to be essential for tissue development, requires the Delta-Serrate-LAG2 (DSL) domain for NOTCH to interact with its ligand. However, despite lacking DSL, Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a protein that plays a significant role in mammalian development, has been suggested to interact with NOTCH1 and act as an antagonist. This non-canonical interaction is, however controversial, and evidence for a direct interaction, still lacking in mammals. In this study, we elucidated the putative DLK1-NOTCH1 interaction in a mammalian context. Taking a global approach and using Dlk1(+/+) and Dlk1(-/-) mouse tissues at E16.5, we demonstrated that several NOTCH signaling pathways indeed are affected by DLK1 during tissue development, and this was supported by a lower activation of NOTCH1 protein in Dlk1(+/+) embryos. Likewise, but using a distinct Dlk1-manipulated (siRNA) setup in a mammalian cell line, NOTCH signaling was substantially inhibited by DLK1. Using a mammalian two-hybrid system, we firmly established that the effect of DLK1 on NOTCH signaling was due to a direct interaction between DLK1 and NOTCH1. By careful dissection of this mechanism, we found this interaction to occur between EGF domains 5 and 6 of DLK1 and EGF domains 10-15 of NOTCH1. Thus, our data provide the first evidence for a direct interaction between DLK1 and NOTCH1 in mammals, and substantiate that non-canonical NOTCH ligands exist, adding to the complexity of NOTCH signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhildur Ásta Traustadóttir
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Cardiovascular and Renal Research (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The Danish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (danishcrm@com), OUH, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Dep. of Clinical Genetics (OUH), OUH, Denmark; Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark; Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (OUH), OUH, Denmark
| | - Sussi B Mortensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Dep. of Clinical Immunology (OUH), Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Søren P Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Cardiovascular and Renal Research (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark; The Danish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (danishcrm@com), OUH, Denmark
| | - Ditte C Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark; The Danish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (danishcrm@com), OUH, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Faid V, Denguir N, Chapuis V, Bihoreau N, Chevreux G. Site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of human factor XI: Identification of a noncanonical NXC glycosite. Proteomics 2015; 14:2460-70. [PMID: 25092234 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human factor XI (hFXI) is a 160-kDa disulphide-linked homodimer zymogen involved in the coagulation cascade. Its deficiency results in bleeding diathesis referred to as hemophilia C. hFXI bears five N-glycosylation consensus sites per monomer, N72 , N108 , N335 on the heavy chain and N432 , N473 on the light chain. This study reports the first in-depth glycosylation analysis of hFXI based on advanced MS approaches. Hydrophilic interaction LC and MS characterization and quantification of the N-glycans showed that the two major forms are complex biantennary mono-α2,6-sialylated (A2 S1 , 20%) and bis-α2,6-sialylated structures (A2 S2 , 66%). Minor triantennary structures (A3 S3 F, ∼1.5%; A3 S3 , ∼2%) were also identified. MS analyses of intact hFXI revealed full occupation of two of the three heavy-chain glycosites and almost full-site occupancy of the light chain. Analysis of hFXI glycopeptides by LC-MS/MS enabled site-specific glycan profiling and occupancy. It was evidenced that N335 was not glycosylated and that N72 and N108 were fully occupied, whereas N432 and N473 were occupied at about 92 and 95%, respectively. We also identified a new glycosite of the noncanonical format NXC at N145 , occupied at around 5%. These data provide valuable structural information useful to understand the potential roles of N-glycosylation on hFXI function and could serve as a structural reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valegh Faid
- Analytical Department, LFB Biotechnologies, Courtaboeuf, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abdallah BM, Ditzel N, Laborda J, Karsenty G, Kassem M. DLK1 Regulates Whole-Body Glucose Metabolism: A Negative Feedback Regulation of the Osteocalcin-Insulin Loop. Diabetes 2015; 64:3069-80. [PMID: 25918236 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine role of the skeleton in regulating energy metabolism is supported by a feed-forward loop between circulating osteoblast (OB)-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Glu-OCN) and pancreatic β-cell insulin; in turn, insulin favors osteocalcin (OCN) bioactivity. These data suggest the existence of a negative regulation of this cross talk between OCN and insulin. Recently, we identified delta like-1 (DLK1) as an endocrine regulator of bone turnover. Because DLK1 is colocalized with insulin in pancreatic β-cells, we examined the role of DLK1 in insulin signaling in OBs and energy metabolism. We show that Glu-OCN specifically stimulates Dlk1 expression by the pancreas. Conversely, Dlk1-deficient (Dlk1(-/-) ) mice exhibited increased circulating Glu-OCN levels and increased insulin sensitivity, whereas mice overexpressing Dlk1 in OB displayed reduced insulin secretion and sensitivity due to impaired insulin signaling in OB and lowered Glu-OCN serum levels. Furthermore, Dlk1(-/-) mice treated with Glu-OC experienced significantly lower blood glucose levels than Glu-OCN-treated wild-type mice. The data suggest that Glu-OCN-controlled production of DLK1 by pancreatic β-cells acts as a negative feedback mechanism to counteract the stimulatory effects of insulin on OB production of Glu-OCN, a potential mechanism preventing OCN-induced hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha Medical School, Albacete, Spain
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kilian TM, Beck-Sickinger AG. Recombinant expression and characterization of biologically active protein delta homolog 1. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Li H, Cui ML, Chen TY, Xie HY, Cui Y, Tu H, Chen FH, Ge C, Li JJ. Serum DLK1 is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8399-404. [PMID: 26018510 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death in developing countries, especially in East Asia and South Africa, and the identification of new biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis is needed. Delta-like 1 homologue (Drosophila) (DLK1) is expressed in malignancies and promotes cancer cell stemness and tumourigenicity, which makes this molecule a potential target for therapies directed against cancer stem/progenitor cells. Here, we aimed to assess the predictive value of DLK1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. With this purpose, serum DLK1 levels were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum specimens from 397 HCC patients, 114 healthy individuals, 43 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 24 cirrhotic liver patients with HBV infection, and the correlation between DLK1 levels and clinical features was evaluated. Our data showed that the serum DLK1 level was significantly higher in HCC patients than in healthy individuals or patients with chronic HBV infection (HBV carriers) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum DLK1 levels were positively correlated with tumour size and α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, but not with gender, age, histological grade, HBV infection, intrahepatic metastasis or cirrhosis in HCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that higher DLK1 levels were associated with shorter survival in HCC patients. These results suggest that the serum levels of DLK1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei-ling Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao-yang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, 226200, China
| | - Hai-yang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, 530027, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fu-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin-jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu C, Lin Q, Yun Z. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying oxygen-dependent radiosensitivity. Radiat Res 2015; 183:487-96. [PMID: 25938770 DOI: 10.1667/rr13959.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen has long been recognized as a powerful radiosensitizer that enhances the cell-killing efficiency of ionizing radiation. Radiosensitization by oxygen occurs at very low concentrations with the half-maximum radiosensitization at approximately 3 mmHg. However, robust hypoxia-induced signal transduction can be induced at <15 mmHg and can elicit a wide range of cellular responses that will affect therapy response as well as malignant progression. Great strides have been made, especially since the 1990s, toward identification and characterization of the oxygen-regulated molecular pathways that affect tumor response to ionizing radiation. In this review, we will discuss the current advances in our understanding of oxygen-dependent molecular modification and cellular signal transduction and their impact on tumor response to therapy. We will specifically address mechanistic distinctions between radiobiological hypoxia (0-3 mmHg) and pathological hypoxia (3-15 mmHg). We also propose a paradigm that hypoxia increases radioresistance by maintaining the cancer stem cell phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- a Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
A Monoclonal Antibody to Human DLK1 Reveals Differential Expression in Cancer and Absence in Healthy Tissues. Antibodies (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
27
|
Yasuda D, Imura Y, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Nakamura M. The atypical N-glycosylation motif, Asn-Cys-Cys, in human GPR109A is required for normal cell surface expression and intracellular signaling. FASEB J 2015; 29:2412-22. [PMID: 25690651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) is necessary for the proper folding of secreted and membrane proteins, including GPCRs. Thus, many GPCRs possess the N-glycosylation motif Asn-X-Ser/Thr at their N-termini and/or extracellular loops. We found that human GPR109A (hGPR109A) has an N-glycosylation site at Asn(17) in the N-terminal atypical motif, Asn(17)-Cys(18)-Cys(19). Why does hGPR109A require the atypical motif, rather than the typical sequence? Here we show that Asn(17)-Cys(18)-Cys(19) sequence of hGPR109A possesses 2 biologic roles. First, Asn(17)-X-Cys(19) contributed to hGPR109A N-glycosylation by acting as an atypical motif. This modification is required for the normal surface expression of hGPR109A, as evidenced by the reduced surface expression of the nonglycosylated mutants, hGPR109A/N17A, and the finding that hGPR109A/C19S and hGPR109A/C19T, which are N-glycosylated at Asn(17), exhibited expression similar to the wild-type receptor. Second, the X-Cys(18)-Cys(19) dicysteine is indispensable for hGPR109A function. Substitution of Cys(18) or Cys(19) residue to Ala impaired Gi-mediated signaling via hGPR109A. We propose the disulfide bond formations of these residues with other Cys existed in the extracellular loops for the proper folding. Together, these results suggest that the atypical motif Asn(17)-Cys(18)-Cys(19) is crucial for the normal surface trafficking and function of hGPR109A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yasuda
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Imura
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lottrup G, Nielsen J, Maroun L, Møller L, Yassin M, Leffers H, Skakkebæk N, Rajpert-De Meyts E. Expression patterns of DLK1 and INSL3 identify stages of Leydig cell differentiation during normal development and in testicular pathologies, including testicular cancer and Klinefelter syndrome. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1637-50. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Martens GA, Motté E, Kramer G, Stangé G, Gaarn LW, Hellemans K, Nielsen JH, Aerts JM, Ling Z, Pipeleers D. Functional characteristics of neonatal rat β cells with distinct markers. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:11-28. [PMID: 24049066 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal β cells are considered developmentally immature and hence less glucose responsive. To study the acquisition of mature glucose responsiveness, we compared glucose-regulated redox state, insulin synthesis, and secretion of β cells purified from neonatal or 10-week-old rats with their transcriptomes and proteomes measured by oligonucleotide and LC-MS/MS profiling. Lower glucose responsiveness of neonatal β cells was explained by two distinct properties: higher activity at low glucose and lower activity at high glucose. Basal hyperactivity was associated with higher NAD(P)H, a higher fraction of neonatal β cells actively incorporating (3)H-tyrosine, and persistently increased insulin secretion below 5 mM glucose. Neonatal β cells lacked the steep glucose-responsive NAD(P)H rise between 5 and 10 mM glucose characteristic for adult β cells and accumulated less NAD(P)H at high glucose. They had twofold lower expression of malate/aspartate-NADH shuttle and most glycolytic enzymes. Genome-wide profiling situated neonatal β cells at a developmental crossroad: they showed advanced endocrine differentiation when specifically analyzed for their mRNA/protein level of classical neuroendocrine markers. On the other hand, discrete neonatal β cell subpopulations still expressed mRNAs/proteins typical for developing/proliferating tissues. One example, delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) was used to investigate whether neonatal β cells with basal hyperactivity corresponded to a more immature subset with high DLK1, but no association was found. In conclusion, the current study supports the importance of glycolytic NADH-shuttling in stimulus function coupling, presents basal hyperactivity as novel property of neonatal β cells, and provides potential markers to recognize intercellular developmental differences in the endocrine pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Martens
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussel, Belgium Department of Clinical Chemistry and Radioimmunology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B1090 Brussels, Belgium Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Spontaneous tumors often contain heterogeneous populations of tumor cells with different tumor-initiating potentials or cancer cell "stemness." Clonal heterogeneity can be traced to specific locations inside a tumor where clones with different metastatic capabilities are identified, suggesting that the tumor microenvironment can exert a significant effect on the evolution of different clonal populations. Hypoxia is a common feature of tumor microenvironments and has the potential to facilitate malignant progression. This chapter provides a synopsis of hypoxia-regulated pathways implicated in the maintenance of cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yun
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 208040, New Haven, 06520-8040, CT, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Andersen DC, Laborda J, Baladron V, Kassem M, Sheikh SP, Jensen CH. Dual role of delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) in skeletal muscle development and adult muscle regeneration. Development 2013; 140:3743-53. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.095810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle development and regeneration is tightly orchestrated by a specific set of myogenic transcription factors. However, factors that regulate these essential myogenic inducers remain poorly described. Here, we show that delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), an imprinted gene best known for its ability to inhibit adipogenesis, is a crucial regulator of the myogenic program in skeletal muscle. Dlk1-/- mice were developmentally retarded in their muscle mass and function owing to inhibition of the myogenic program during embryogenesis. Surprisingly however, Dlk1 depletion improves in vitro and in vivo adult skeletal muscle regeneration by substantial enhancement of the myogenic program and muscle function, possibly by means of an increased number of available myogenic precursor cells. By contrast, Dlk1 fails to alter the adipogenic commitment of muscle-derived progenitors in vitro, as well as intramuscular fat deposition during in vivo regeneration. Collectively, our results suggest a novel and surprising dual biological function of DLK1 as an enhancer of muscle development, but as an inhibitor of adult muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Insitute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladron
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Søren Paludan Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Insitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Harken Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Horse serum reduces expression of membrane-bound and soluble isoforms of the preadipocyte marker Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), but is inefficient for adipogenic differentiation of mouse preadipocytes. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:401-6. [PMID: 22975115 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of the preadipocyte marker Delta-like 1 homologue (Dlk1), an inhibitor of adipogenesis, has been suggested to be a prerequisite for adipogenic differentiation to occur, and low Dlk1 levels are often used to verify adipogenesis. Mouse preadipocytic cell lines such as 3T3-L1, as well as primary derived preadipocytes, are important models to study adipogenic differentiation and obesity. However, in vitro adipogenic differentiation of primary derived preadipocytes remains incomplete, and identification of factors that will improve the adipogenic differentiation process is thus of high value. In this study we show that horse serum fails to improve adipogenic differentiation of mouse preadipocytes (both 3T3-L1 cells and primary derived mouse preadipocytes) as otherwise reported for bone marrow derived adipogenic precursors. Unexpectedly, while Dlk1 levels were indeed decreased using horse serum, this did not correlate with a high degree of adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion, our novel results thus reveal that horse serum clearly is insufficient for adipogenic differentiation of mouse preadipocytes and that low levels of Dlk1 alone are a poor marker of mouse in vitro adipogenesis. We would also like to emphasize that it is very important for the field of cellular differentiation that researchers thoroughly investigate the effect of individual reagents in their protocols. Such data will increase understanding of the limitations and possibilities of individual systems.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jørgensen LH, Sellathurai J, Davis EE, Thedchanamoorthy T, Al-Bader RWA, Jensen CH, Schrøder HD. Delta-like 1 homolog (dlk1): a marker for rhabdomyosarcomas implicated in skeletal muscle regeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60692. [PMID: 23577150 PMCID: PMC3618045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dlk1, a member of the Epidermal Growth Factor family, is expressed in multiple tissues during development, and has been detected in carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. Dlk1 is paternally expressed and belongs to a group of imprinted genes associated with rhabdomyosarcomas but not with other primitive childhood tumors to date. Here, we investigate the possible roles of Dlk1 in skeletal muscle tumor formation. We analyzed tumors of different mesenchymal origin for expression of Dlk1 and various myogenic markers and found that Dlk1 was present consistently in myogenic tumors. The coincident observation of Dlk1 with a highly proliferative state in myogenic tumors led us to subsequently investigate the involvement of Dlk1 in the control of the adult myogenic programme. We performed an injury study in Dlk1 transgenic mice, ectopically expressing ovine Dlk1 (membrane bound C2 variant) under control of the myosin light chain promotor, and detected an early, enhanced formation of myotubes in Dlk1 transgenic mice. We then stably transfected the mouse myoblast cell line, C2C12, with full-length Dlk1 (soluble A variant) and detected an inhibition of myotube formation, which could be reversed by adding Dlk1 antibody to the culture supernatant. These results suggest that Dlk1 is involved in controlling the myogenic programme and that the various splice forms may exert different effects. Interestingly, both in the Dlk1 transgenic mice and the DLK1-C2C12 cells, we detected reduced myostatin expression, suggesting that the effect of Dlk1 on the myogenic programme might involve the myostatin signaling pathway. In support of a relationship between Dlk1 and myostatin we detected reciprocal expression of these two transcripts during different cell cycle stages of human myoblasts. Together our results suggest that Dlk1 is a candidate marker for skeletal muscle tumors and might be involved directly in skeletal muscle tumor formation through a modulatory effect on the myogenic programme.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle Development
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/pathology
- Myostatin/metabolism
- Regeneration
- Rhabdomyoma/genetics
- Rhabdomyoma/metabolism
- Rhabdomyoma/pathology
- Rhabdomyoma/physiopathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/physiopathology
- Sheep
- Time Factors
- Transgenes/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise H. Jørgensen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Research, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeeva Sellathurai
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Research, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erica E. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tania Thedchanamoorthy
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Research, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rua W. A. Al-Bader
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Research, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H. Jensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Odense University Hospital and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik D. Schrøder
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Research, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Increased Haematopoietic Supportive Function of USSC from Umbilical Cord Blood Compared to CB MSC and Possible Role of DLK-1. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:985285. [PMID: 23690788 PMCID: PMC3649714 DOI: 10.1155/2013/985285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells can be isolated from a variety of different tissues in the body. In contrast to stromal cells from the adult bone marrow (BM) or adipose tissue, cord blood (CB) multipotent stromal cells (MSC) are biologically younger. Since first being described by our group, delta like 1 homologue (DLK-1) was determined as a discriminating factor between the distinct cord blood-derived subpopulations: the unrestricted somatic stromal cells (USSC), which lack adipogenic differentiation capacity, and the BM MSC-like CB MSC. In this study, experiments assessing the haematopoiesis-supporting capacity and molecular biological analyses were conducted and clearly confirmed different properties. Compared to CB MSC, USSC lead to a higher expansion of haematopoietic cells and in addition express significantly higher levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), but lower levels of IGF2. The data presented here also indicate that DLK-1 might not be the sole factor responsible for the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation potential in USSC but nevertheless indicates a biological diversity among cord blood-derived stromal cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdallah BM, Beck-Nielsen H, Gaster M. FA1 Induces Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Adipogenic Pathways/Markers in Human Myotubes Established from Lean, Obese, and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects but Not Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:45. [PMID: 23577002 PMCID: PMC3617402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Delta like 1/fetal antigen 1 (Dlk1/FA1) is a protein secreted by hormone producing cells in adult human and mice that is known to inhibit adipogenesis. Recent studies demonstrated the role of Dlk1/FA1 in inducing insulin resistance in mice. To investigate the involvement of circulating Dlk1/FA1 in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in human subjects, we studied the effects of chronic FA1 on the intermediary metabolism in myotubes established from lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. METHODS Myotube cultures were established from lean and obese control subjects, and obese T2D subjects and treated with soluble FA1 for 4 days supplemented with/without palmitate (PA). Lipid- and glucose metabolism were studied with labeled precursors while quantitative expression of genes was analyzed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Diabetic myotubes express significantly reduced insulin stimulated glucose metabolism compared to lean myotubes and a significantly decreased basal PA oxidation. Chronic FA1 exposure did not affect the intermediary metabolism in myotubes. Insulin sensitivity of glucose and lipid metabolism was not affected by chronic FA1 exposure in myotubes established from lean, obese, and T2D subjects. Instead, chronic FA1 exposure induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-6 and CCL2) in association with reducing adipogenic markers (ADD1, AP2, CD36, and PPARg2) in myotubes. Consistent with this observation, addition of FA1 to cultured myotubes was show to significantly inhibit their differentiation into adipocyte. CONCLUSION Our results exclude direct effects of FA1 on glucose and lipid metabolism in cultured myotubes established from lean, obese, and T2D subjects. Therefore, the pathogenesis of FA1-induced IR might mainly be mediated via the FA1-induced stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which on turn inhibit adipogenesis in human myotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Basem M. Abdallah, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Winslows Vej, 25, 1st floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. e-mail:
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
| | - Michael Gaster
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Potential application of cord blood-derived stromal cells in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2012; 2012:365182. [PMID: 24066257 PMCID: PMC3771124 DOI: 10.1155/2012/365182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal stromal cells from umbilical cord blood (CB) are promising alternatives to bone marrow- (BM-) derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). In comparison to BM-MSC, the less mature CB-derived stromal cells have been described as a cell population with higher differentiation and proliferation potential that might be of potential interest for clinical application in regenerative medicine. Recently, it has become clear that cord blood contains different stromal cell populations, and as of today, a clear distinction between unrestricted somatic stromal cells (USSCs) and CB-MSC has been established. This classification is based on the expression of DLK-1, HOX, and CD146, as well as functional examination of the adipogenic differentiation potential and the capacity to support haematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. However, a marker enabling a prospective isolation of the rare cell populations directly out of cord blood is yet to be found. Further analysis may help to reveal even more subpopulations with different properties, which could be useful for the directed application of these cells in preclinical models.
Collapse
|
37
|
Mortensen SB, Jensen CH, Schneider M, Thomassen M, Kruse TA, Laborda J, Sheikh SP, Andersen DC. Membrane-tethered delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) restricts adipose tissue size by inhibiting preadipocyte proliferation. Diabetes 2012; 61:2814-22. [PMID: 22891218 PMCID: PMC3478550 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte renewal from preadipocytes has been shown to occur throughout life and to contribute to obesity, yet very little is known about the molecular circuits that control preadipocyte expansion. The soluble form of the preadipocyte factor (also known as pref-1) delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1(S)) is known to inhibit adipogenic differentiation; however, the impact of DLK1 isoforms on preadipocyte proliferation remains to be determined. We generated preadipocytes with different levels of DLK1 and examined differentially affected gene pathways, which were functionally tested in vitro and confirmed in vivo. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that only membrane-bound DLK1 (DLK1(M)) exhibits a substantial repression effect on preadipocyte proliferation. Thus, by independently manipulating DLK1 isoform levels, we established that DLK1(M) inhibits G1-to-S-phase cell cycle progression and thereby strongly inhibits preadipocyte proliferation in vitro. Adult DLK1-null mice exhibit higher fat amounts than wild-type controls, and our in vivo analysis demonstrates that this may be explained by a marked increase in preadipocyte replication. Together, these data imply a major dual inhibitory function of DLK1 on adipogenesis, which places DLK1 as a master regulator of preadipocyte homeostasis, suggesting that DLK1 manipulation may open new avenues in obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sussi B. Mortensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H. Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikael Schneider
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Human Microarray Centre, Odense University Hospital/University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Human Microarray Centre, Odense University Hospital/University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Søren P. Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Søren P. Sheikh, , and Ditte C. Andersen,
| | - Ditte C. Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Søren P. Sheikh, , and Ditte C. Andersen,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Appelbe OK, Yevtodiyenko A, Muniz-Talavera H, Schmidt JV. Conditional deletions refine the embryonic requirement for Dlk1. Mech Dev 2012; 130:143-59. [PMID: 23059197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated Delta-like 1 (DLK1), a transmembrane protein that shares homology with Notch ligands, in embryonic growth and differentiation. Dlk1 expression is widespread, though not ubiquitous, during early development, but is confined to a few specific cell types in adults. Adult Dlk1-expressing tissues include the Insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas and the Growth hormone-producing somatotrophs of the pituitary gland. Previously generated Dlk1 null mice (Dlk1(Sul-pat)), display a partially penetrant neonatal lethality and a complex pattern of developmental and adult phenotypes. Here we describe the generation of a conditional Dlk1 mouse line (Dlk1(flox)) to facilitate cell type-specific deletion of the Dlk1 gene, providing a powerful system to explore each aspect of the Dlk1 null phenotype. Four tissue-specific Cre mouse lines were used to produce individual Dlk1 deletions in pancreatic β-cells, pituitary somatotrophs and the endothelial cells of the embryo and placenta, key candidates for the Dlk1 phenotype. Contrary to expectations, all of these conditional mice were fully viable, and none recapitulated any aspect of the Dlk1(Sul-pat) null mice. Dlk1 expression is therefore not essential for the normal development of β-cells, somatotrophs and endothelial cells, and the tissues responsible for the Dlk1 null phenotype remain to be identified. Dlk1(flox) mice will continue to provide an important tool for further research into the function of Dlk1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Appelbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an important site for lipid storage, energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved in adipose tissue development and function, which can be regulated by the endocrine actions of various peptide and steroid hormones. Recent studies have revealed that white and brown adipocytes can be derived from distinct precursor cells. This review will focus on transcriptional control of adipogenesis and its regulation by several endocrine hormones. The general functions and cellular origins of adipose tissue and how the modulation of adipocyte development pertains to metabolic disease states will also be considered.
Collapse
|
40
|
Andries A, Niemeier A, Støving RK, Abdallah BM, Wolf AM, Hørder K, Kassem M. Serum levels of fetal antigen 1 in extreme nutritional States. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:592648. [PMID: 22844611 PMCID: PMC3403450 DOI: 10.5402/2012/592648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Recent data suggest that fetal antigen (FA1) is linked to disorders of body weight. Thus, we measured FA1 serum levels in two extreme nutritional states of morbid obesity (MO) and anorexia nervosa (AN) and monitored its response to weight changes. Design. FA1 and insulin serum concentrations were assessed in a cross-sectional study design at defined time points after gastric restrictive surgery for 25 MO patients and 15 women with AN. Results. Absolute FA1 serum levels were within the assay normal range and were not different between the groups at baseline. However, the ratio of FA1/BMI was significantly higher in AN. FA1 was inversely correlated with BMI before and after weight change in AN, but not in MO patients. In addition, MO patients displayed a significant concomitant decrease of FA1 and insulin with the first 25% of EWL, while in AN patients a significant increase of FA1 was observed in association with weight gain. Conclusion. FA1 is a sensitive indicator of metabolic adaptation during weight change. While FA1 serum levels in humans generally do not correlate with BMI, our results suggest that changes in FA1 serum levels reflect changes in adipose tissue turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alin Andries
- KMEB laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Villanueva C, Jacquier S, de Roux N. DLK1 is a somato-dendritic protein expressed in hypothalamic arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36134. [PMID: 22563444 PMCID: PMC3338567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta-Like 1 Homolog, Dlk1, is a paternally imprinted gene encoding a transmembrane protein involved in the differentiation of several cell types. After birth, Dlk1 expression decreases substantially in all tissues except endocrine glands. Dlk1 deletion in mice results in pre-natal and post-natal growth deficiency, mild obesity, facial abnormalities, and abnormal skeletal development, suggesting involvement of Dlk1 in perinatal survival, normal growth and homeostasis of fat deposition. A neuroendocrine function has also been suggested for DLK1 but never characterised. To evaluate the neuroendocrine function of DLK1, we first characterised Dlk1 expression in mouse hypothalamus and then studied post-natal variations of the hypothalamic expression. Western Blot analysis of adult mouse hypothalamus protein extracts showed that Dlk1 was expressed almost exclusively as a soluble protein produced by cleavage of the extracellular domain. Immunohistochemistry showed neuronal DLK1 expression in the suprachiasmatic (SCN), supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN), arcuate (ARC), dorsomedial (DMN) and lateral hypothalamic (LH) nuclei. DLK1 was expressed in the dendrites and perikarya of arginine-vasopressin neurons in PVN, SCN and SON and in oxytocin neurons in PVN and SON. These findings suggest a role for DLK1 in the post-natal development of hypothalamic functions, most notably those regulated by the arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas de Roux
- INSERM, U676, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR676, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abdallah BM, Bay-Jensen AC, Srinivasan B, Tabassi NC, Garnero P, Delaissé JM, Khosla S, Kassem M. Estrogen inhibits Dlk1/FA1 production: a potential mechanism for estrogen effects on bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2548-51. [PMID: 21681814 PMCID: PMC3778652 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified delta-like 1/fetal antigen 1 (Dlk1/FA1) as a novel regulator of bone mass that functions to mediate bone loss under estrogen deficiency in mice. In this report, we investigated the effects of estrogen (E) deficiency and E replacement on serum (s) levels of Dlk1/FA1 (s-Dlk1FA1) and its correlation with bone turnover markers. s-Dlk1/FA1 and bone turnover markers (serum cross-linked C-telopeptide [s-CTX] and serum osteocalcin) were measured in two cohorts: a group of pre- and postmenopausal women (n = 100) and a group of postmenopausal women, where half had received estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT, n = 166). s-Dlk1/FA1 and s-CTX were elevated in postmenopausal E-deficient women compared with premenopausal E-replete women (both p < 0.001). s-Dlk1/FA1 was correlated with s-CTX (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). ERT in postmenopausal women decreased s-Dlk1/FA1, as well as s-CTX and s-osteoclacin (all p < .0001). Changes in s-Dlk1 were significantly correlated with those observed in s-CTX (r = 0.18, p < 0.05) and s-osteocalcin (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). In conclusion, s-Dlk1/FA1 is influenced by E-deficiency and is correlated with bone turnover. Increased levels of s-Dlk1/FA1 in postmenopausal women may be a mechanism mediating the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
DLK1 Promotes Neurogenesis of Human and Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors Via Modulating Notch and BMP Signalling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 8:459-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
44
|
Abdallah BM, Ditzel N, Mahmood A, Isa A, Traustadottir GA, Schilling AF, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Laborda J, Amling M, Kassem M. DLK1 is a novel regulator of bone mass that mediates estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1457-71. [PMID: 21308776 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like 1/fetal antigen 1 (DLK1/FA-1) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the Notch/Delta family that acts as a membrane-associated or a soluble protein to regulate regeneration of a number of adult tissues. Here we examined the role of DLK1/FA-1 in bone biology using osteoblast-specific Dlk1-overexpressing mice (Col1-Dlk1). Col1-Dlk1 mice displayed growth retardation and significantly reduced total body weight and bone mineral density (BMD). Micro-computed tomographis (µCT) scanning revealed a reduced trabecular and cortical bone volume fraction. Tissue-level histomorphometric analysis demonstrated decreased bone-formation rate and enhanced bone resorption in Col1-Dlk1 mice compared with wild-type mice. At a cellular level, Dlk1 markedly reduced the total number of bone marrow (BM)-derived colony-forming units fibroblasts (CFU-Fs), as well as their osteogenic capacity. In a number of in vitro culture systems, Dlk1 stimulated osteoclastogenesis indirectly through osteoblast-dependent increased production of proinflammatory bone-resorbing cytokines (eg, Il7, Tnfa, and Ccl3). We found that ovariectomy (ovx)-induced bone loss was associated with increased production of Dlk1 in the bone marrow by activated T cells. Interestingly, Dlk1(-/-) mice were significantly protected from ovx-induced bone loss compared with wild-type mice. Thus we identified Dlk1 as a novel regulator of bone mass that functions to inhibit bone formation and to stimulate bone resorption. Increasing DLK1 production by T cells under estrogen deficiency suggests its possible use as a therapeutic target for preventing postmenopausal bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, and Medical Biotechnlogy Center, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen L, Qanie D, Jafari A, Taipaleenmaki H, Jensen CH, Säämänen AM, Sanz MLN, Laborda J, Abdallah BM, Kassem M. Delta-like 1/fetal antigen-1 (Dlk1/FA1) is a novel regulator of chondrogenic cell differentiation via inhibition of the Akt kinase-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32140-9. [PMID: 21724852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.230110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-like 1 (Dlk1, also known as fetal antigen-1, FA1) is a member of Notch/Delta family that inhibits adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation; however, its role in chondrogenesis is still not clear. Thus, we overexpressed Dlk1/FA1 in mouse embryonic ATDC5 cells and tested its effects on chondrogenic differentiation. Dlk1/FA1 inhibited insulin-induced chondrogenic differentiation as evidenced by reduction of cartilage nodule formation and gene expression of aggrecan, collagen Type II and X. Similar effects were obtained either by using Dlk1/FA1-conditioned medium or by addition of a purified, secreted, form of Dlk1 (FA1) directly to the induction medium. The inhibitory effects of Dlk1/FA1 were dose-dependent and occurred irrespective of the chondrogenic differentiation stage: proliferation, differentiation, maturation, or hypertrophic conversion. Overexpression or addition of the Dlk1/FA1 protein to the medium strongly inhibited the activation of Akt, but not the ERK1/2, or p38 MAPK pathways, and the inhibition of Akt by Dlk1/FA1 was mediated through PI3K activation. Interestingly, inhibition of fibronectin expression by siRNA rescued the Dlk1/FA1-mediated inhibition of Akt, suggesting interaction of Dlk1/FA1 and fibronectin in chondrogenic cells. Our results identify Dlk1/FA1 as a novel regulator of chondrogenesis and suggest Dlk1/FA1 acts as an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathways that leads to its inhibitory effects on chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oczkowicz M, Piestrzyska-Kajtoch A, Piórkowska K, Rejduch B, Rózycki M. Expression of DLK1 and MEG3 genes in porcine tissues during postnatal development. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:790-4. [PMID: 21637593 PMCID: PMC3036157 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010000400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila-like homolog 1 (DLK1), a transmembrane signal protein similar to other members of the Notch/Delta/Serrate family, regulates the differentiation process in many types of mammalian cells. Callipyge sheep and DLK1 knockout mice are excellent examples of a fundamental role of the gene encoding DLK1 in muscle growth and fat deposition. DLK1 is located within co-regulated imprinted clusters (the DLK1/DIO3 domain), along with other imprinted genes. Some of these, e.g. the RNA coding MEG3 gene, presumedly interfere with DLK1 transcription. The aim of our study was to analyze DLK1 and MEG3 gene expression in porcine tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, heart, brain stem) during postnatal development. The highest expression of both DLK1 and MEG3 variant 1 (MEG3 var.1) was observed in the brain-stem and muscles, whereas that of MEG3 variant 2 (MEG3var.2) was the most abundant in muscles and the heart. During development (between 60 and 210 days of age) expression of analyzed genes was down-regulated in all the tissues. An exception was the brain- stem, where there was no significant change in MEG3 (both variants) mRNA level, and relatively little decline (2-fold) in that of DLK1 transcription. This may indicate a distinct function of the DLK1 gene in the brain-stem, when compared with other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oczkowicz
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin Q, Yun Z. Impact of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment on the regulation of cancer stem cell characteristics. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 9:949-56. [PMID: 20581454 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.9.12.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors often contain regions with insufficient oxygen delivery, a condition called hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia is an independent prognostic factor significantly correlated with advanced stages of malignancy, increased resistance to conventional therapy, and reduced disease-free survival. Hypoxic tumor cells exhibit poorly differentiated phenotypes resembling stem or progenitor cells. Studies have shown that hypoxia can inhibit tumor cell differentiation and promote maintenance of cancer stem cells. In addition, hypoxia also blocks the differentiation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, a potential source of tumor-associated stromal cells. Therefore, hypoxia may play a critical role during the evolution of the tumor stromal microenvironment and formation of the putative cancer stem cell niches. Conceptually, hypoxia may help create a microenvironment enriched both in poorly differentiated tumor cells and in undifferentiated stromal cells. Such an undifferentiated hypoxic microenvironment may provide essential cellular interactions and environmental signals for the preferential maintenance of cancer stem cells. This review will discuss the hypoxia-regulated stem cell pathways and their roles in the maintenance of cancer stem cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lin
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Andersen DC, Jensen CH, Schneider M, Nossent AY, Eskildsen T, Hansen JL, Teisner B, Sheikh SP. MicroRNA-15a fine-tunes the level of Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) in proliferating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1681-91. [PMID: 20385127 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Delta like 1 homolog (Dlk1) exists in both transmembrane and soluble molecular forms, and is implicated in cellular growth and plays multiple roles in development, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Thus, DLK1 levels are critical for cell function, and abnormal DLK1 expression can be lethal; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We here report that miR-15a modulates DLK1 levels in preadipocytes thus providing a mechanism for DLK1 regulation that further links it to cell cycle arrest and cancer since miR-15a is deregulated in these processes. In preadipocytes, miR-15a increases with cell density, and peaks at the same stage where membrane DLK1(M) and soluble DLK1(S) are found at maximum levels. Remarkably, miR-15a represses the amount of all Dlk1 variants at the mRNA level but also the level of DLK1(M) protein while it increases the amount of DLK1(S) supporting a direct repression of DLK1 and a parallel effect on the protease that cleaves off the DLK1 from the membrane. In agreement with previous studies, we found that miR-15a represses cell numbers, but additionally, we report that miR-15a also increases cell size. Conversely, anti-miR-15a treatment decreases cell size while increasing cell numbers, scenarios that were completely rescued by addition of purified DLK1(S). Our data thus imply that miR-15a regulates cell size and proliferation by fine-tuning Dlk1 among others, and further emphasize miR-15a and DLK1 levels to play important roles in growth signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte C Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 21.3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yanai H, Nakamura K, Hijioka S, Kamei A, Ikari T, Ishikawa Y, Shinozaki E, Mizunuma N, Hatake K, Miyajima A. Dlk-1, a cell surface antigen on foetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, is expressed in hepatocellular, colon, pancreas and breast carcinomas at a high frequency. J Biochem 2010; 148:85-92. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
50
|
Wang Y, Hudak C, Sul HS. Role of preadipocyte factor 1 in adipocyte differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:109-115. [PMID: 20414356 DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1) is an EGF-repeat-containing transmembrane protein that inhibits adipogenesis. The extracellular domain of Pref-1 is cleaved by TNF-α converting enzyme to generate the biologically active soluble form of Pref-1. The role of Pref-1 in adipogenesis has been firmly established by in vitro and in vivo studies. Pref-1 activates ERK/MAPK and upregulates Sox9 expression to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. Sox9 directly binds to the promoter regions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-δ in order to suppress their promoter activities in preventing adipocyte differentiation. Here, we describe the function of Pref-1 in adipocyte differentiation and the recent findings on the mechanisms by which Pref-1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Tel.: +1 510 642 3978, ,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|