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Amin A, Naim MD, Islam N, Mollah MNH. Genome-wide identification and characterization of DTX family genes highlighting their locations, functions, and regulatory factors in banana (Musa acuminata). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303065. [PMID: 38843276 PMCID: PMC11156367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX) are a significant group of multidrug efflux transporter family members that play diverse functions in all kingdoms of living organisms. However, genome-wide identification and characterization of DTX family transporters have not yet been performed in banana, despite its importance as an economic fruit plant. Therefore, a detailed genome-wide analysis of DTX family transporters in banana (Musa acuminata) was conducted using integrated bioinformatics and systems biology approaches. In this study, a total of 37 DTX transporters were identified in the banana genome and divided into four groups (I, II, III, and IV) based on phylogenetic analysis. The gene structures, as well as their proteins' domains and motifs, were found to be significantly conserved. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed that the predicted DTX genes might play a vital role in protecting cells and membrane-bound organelles through detoxification mechanisms and the removal of drug molecules from banana cells. Gene regulatory analyses identified key transcription factors (TFs), cis-acting elements, and post-transcriptional regulators (miRNAs) of DTX genes, suggesting their potential roles in banana. Furthermore, the changes in gene expression levels due to pathogenic infections and non-living factor indicate that banana DTX genes play a role in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The results of this study could serve as valuable tools to improve banana quality by protecting them from a range of environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Amin
- Department of Statistics, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Darun Naim
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Islam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
- Department of Statistics, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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2
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Kim TJ, Lim GH. Salicylic Acid and Mobile Regulators of Systemic Immunity in Plants: Transport and Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1013. [PMID: 36903874 PMCID: PMC10005269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) occurs when primary infected leaves produce several SAR-inducing chemical or mobile signals that are transported to uninfected distal parts via apoplastic or symplastic compartments and activate systemic immunity. The transport route of many chemicals associated with SAR is unknown. Recently, it was demonstrated that pathogen-infected cells preferentially transport salicylic acid (SA) through the apoplasts to uninfected areas. The pH gradient and deprotonation of SA may lead to apoplastic accumulation of SA before it accumulates in the cytosol following pathogen infection. Additionally, SA mobility over a long distance is essential for SAR, and transpiration controls the partitioning of SA into apoplasts and cuticles. On the other hand, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and azelaic acid (AzA) travel via the plasmodesmata (PD) channel in the symplastic route. In this review, we discuss the role of SA as a mobile signal and the regulation of SA transport in SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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3
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Li S, Shi T, Lyu M, Wang R, Xu A, Chen L, Luo R, Sun Y, Guo X, Liu J, Wang H, Gao Y. Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana Gene SAD2 in Response to Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044229. [PMID: 36835638 PMCID: PMC9963955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors play key roles in the nuclear translocation of disease resistance proteins, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene SAD2 encodes an importin β-like protein. A transgenic Arabidopsis line overexpressing SAD2 (OESAD2/Col-0) showed obvious resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) compared to the wild type (Col-0), but the knockout mutant sad2-5 was susceptible. Transcriptomic analysis was then performed on Col-0, OESAD2/Col-0, and sad2-5 leaves at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days post-inoculation with Pst DC3000. A total of 1825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as putative biotic stress defense genes regulated by SAD2, 45 of which overlapped between the SAD2 knockout and overexpression datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were broadly involved in single-organism cellular metabolic processes and in response to stimulatory stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathway analysis revealed that many of the DEGs were associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and other specialized metabolites. Transcription factor analysis showed that a large number of ERF/AP2, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were involved in SAD2-mediated plant disease resistance. These results provide a basis for future exploration of the molecular mechanisms associated with SAD2-mediated disease resistance and establish a set of key candidate disease resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Andi Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Rong Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.G.)
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4
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Li X, Jia Y, Sun M, Ji Z, Zhang H, Qiu D, Cai Q, Xia Y, Yuan X, Chen X, Shen Z. MINI BODY1, encoding a MATE/DTX family transporter, affects plant architecture in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064685. [PMID: 36466236 PMCID: PMC9714821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that multidrug and toxic compound extrusion/detoxification (MATE/DTX) family transporters are involved in the regulation of plant development and stress response. Here, we characterized the mini body1 (mib1) mutants in mungbean, which gave rise to increased branches, pentafoliate compound leaves, and shortened pods. Map-based cloning revealed that MIB1 encoded a MATE/DTX family protein in mungbean. qRT-PCR analysis showed that MIB1 was expressed in all tissues of mungbean, with the highest expression level in the young inflorescence. Complementation assays in Escherichia coli revealed that MIB1 potentially acted as a MATE/DTX transporter in mungbean. It was found that overexpression of the MIB1 gene partially rescued the shortened pod phenotype of the Arabidopsis dtx54 mutant. Transcriptomic analysis of the shoot buds and young pods revealed that the expression levels of several genes involved in the phytohormone pathway and developmental regulators were altered in the mib1 mutants. Our results suggested that MIB1 plays a key role in the control of plant architecture establishment in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahui Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zikun Ji
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National experimental Teaching Center for Plant Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Watanabe M, Otagaki S, Matsumoto S, Shiratake K. Genome-Wide Analysis of Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extruction Transporters in Grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892638. [PMID: 35909729 PMCID: PMC9330396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important fruit crop in the world. It is used as a table grape and is also used for raisin and wine production. Grape berries accumulate secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, tannins, and resveratrol, which are known as functional compounds for human health. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter (MATEs) transport secondary metabolites. MATEs also transport other solutes, including organic acids, and toxic xenobiotics, depending on cation gradient and play various roles in plants. MATE comprises 300-500 amino acid residues and possesses a MATE domain and 8-12 transmembrane domains. In the present study, 59 MATE genes were identified in the grape genome, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of four groups of grape MATEs (Group 1-4). Their information, such as gene structures, protein motifs, predicted subcellular localizations, and gene IDs of four genome annotations, that is, CRIBI v1, CRIBI v2, Genoscope, and Vcost v3, were annotated. The transport substrates and physiological functions of grape MATEs were estimated based on their homology with the analyzed MATEs in other plant species. Group 1 may transport toxic compounds and alkaloids, Group 2 may transport polyphenolic compounds, Group 3 may transport organic acids, and Group 4 may transport plant hormones related to signal transduction. In addition to the known anthocyanin transporters, VvMATE37 and VvMATE39, a novel anthocyanin transporter, VvMATE38 in Group 2, was suggested as a key transporter for anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. VvMATE46, VvMATE47, and VvMATE49 in Group 3 may contribute to Al3+ detoxification and Fe2+/Fe3+ translocation via organic acid transport. This study provides helpful and fundamental information for grape MATE studies and resolves the confusion of gene IDs in different genome annotations.
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6
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Osmani Z, Sabet MS, Nakahara KS. Aspartic protease inhibitor enhances resistance to potato virus Y and A in transgenic potato plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 35549883 PMCID: PMC9097181 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are the major threat to commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum) production worldwide. Because viral genomes only encode a small number of proteins, all stages of viral infection rely on interactions between viral proteins and host factors. Previously, we presented a list of the most important candidate genes involved in potato plants' defense response to viruses that are significantly activated in resistant cultivars. Isolated from this list, Aspartic Protease Inhibitor 5 (API5) is a critical host regulatory component of plant defense responses against pathogens. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of StAPI5 in defense of potato against potato virus Y and potato virus A, as well as its ability to confer virus resistance in a transgenic susceptible cultivar of potato (Desiree). Potato plants were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens via a construct encoding the potato StAPI5 gene under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. RESULTS Transgenic plants overexpressing StAPI5 exhibited comparable virus resistance to non-transgenic control plants, indicating that StAPI5 functions in gene regulation during virus resistance. The endogenous StAPI5 and CaMV 35S promoter regions shared nine transcription factor binding sites. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity, and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were significantly higher in virus-infected transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings indicate that StAPI5 may be a viable candidate gene for engineering plant disease resistance to viruses that inhibit disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Osmani
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14111713116, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14111713116, Iran.
| | - Kenji S Nakahara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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The Pathogen-Induced MATE Gene TaPIMA1 Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063377. [PMID: 35328796 PMCID: PMC8950252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp eyespot, mainly caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease endangering production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Multi-Antimicrobial Extrusion (MATE) family genes are widely distributed in plant species, but little is known about MATE functions in wheat disease resistance. In this study, we identified TaPIMA1, a pathogen-induced MATE gene in wheat, from RNA-seq data. TaPIMA1 expression was induced by Rhizoctonia cerealis and was higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat genotypes than in susceptible wheat genotypes. Molecular biology assays showed that TaPIMA1 belonged to the MATE family, and the expressed protein could distribute in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing plus disease assessment indicated that knock-down of TaPIMA1 impaired resistance of wheat to sharp eyespot and down-regulated the expression of defense genes (Defensin, PR10, PR1.2, and Chitinase3). Furthermore, TaPIMA1 was rapidly induced by exogenous H2O2 and jasmonate (JA) treatments, which also promoted the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results suggested that TaPIMA1 might positively regulate the defense against R. cerealis by up-regulating the expression of defense-associated genes in H2O2 and JA signal pathways. This study sheds light on the role of MATE transporter in wheat defense to Rhizoctonia cerealis and provides a potential gene for improving wheat resistance against sharp eyespot.
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8
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Nimmy MS, Kumar V, Suthanthiram B, Subbaraya U, Nagar R, Bharadwaj C, Jain PK, Krishnamurthy P. A Systematic Phylogenomic Classification of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Transporter Gene Family in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:774885. [PMID: 35371145 PMCID: PMC8970042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.774885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters comprise a multigene family that mediates multiple functions in plants through the efflux of diverse substrates including organic molecules, specialized metabolites, hormones, and xenobiotics. MATE classification based on genome-wide studies remains ambiguous, likely due to a lack of large-scale phylogenomic studies and/or reference sequence datasets. To resolve this, we established a phylogeny of the plant MATE gene family using a comprehensive kingdom-wide phylogenomic analysis of 74 diverse plant species. We identified more than 4,000 MATEs, which were classified into 14 subgroups based on a systematic bioinformatics pipeline using USEARCH, blast+ and synteny network tools. Our classification was performed using a four-step process, whereby MATEs sharing ≥ 60% protein sequence identity with a ≤ 1E-05 threshold at different sequence lengths (either full-length, ≥ 60% length, or ≥ 150 amino acids) or retaining in the similar synteny blocks were assigned to the same subgroup. In this way, we assigned subgroups to 95.8% of the identified MATEs, which we substantiated using synteny network clustering analysis. The subgroups were clustered under four major phylogenetic groups and named according to their clockwise appearance within each group. We then generated a reference sequence dataset, the usefulness of which was demonstrated in the classification of MATEs in additional species not included in the original analysis. Approximately 74% of the plant MATEs exhibited synteny relationships with angiosperm-wide or lineage-, order/family-, and species-specific conservation. Most subgroups evolved independently, and their distinct evolutionary trends were likely associated with the development of functional novelties or the maintenance of conserved functions. Together with the systematic classification and synteny network profiling analyses, we identified all the major evolutionary events experienced by the MATE gene family in plants. We believe that our findings and the reference dataset provide a valuable resource to guide future functional studies aiming to explore the key roles of MATEs in different aspects of plant physiology. Our classification framework can also be readily extendable to other (super) families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | | | - Uma Subbaraya
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR–National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Ramawatar Nagar
- ICAR–National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Zhang Y, Song J, Wang L, Yang M, Hu K, Li W, Sun X, Xue H, Dong Q, Zhang M, Lou S, Yang X, Du H, Li Y, Dong L, Che Z, Cheng Q. Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Conferring Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus SC7 by Quantitative Trait Loci-Sequencing in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843633. [PMID: 35295631 PMCID: PMC8919070 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is detrimental to soybean (Glycine max) breeding, seed quality, and yield worldwide. Improving the basic resistance of host plants is the most effective and economical method to reduce damage from SMV. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and clone novel SMV resistance genes. Here, we report the characterization of two soybean cultivars, DN50 and XQD, with different levels of resistance to SMV. Compared with XQD, DN50 exhibits enhanced resistance to the SMV strain SC7. By combining bulked-segregant analysis (BSA)-seq and fine-mapping, we identified a novel resistance locus, R SMV -11, spanning an approximately 207-kb region on chromosome 11 and containing 25 annotated genes in the reference Williams 82 genome. Of these genes, we identified eleven with non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or insertion-deletion mutations (InDels) in their coding regions between two parents. One gene, GmMATE68 (Glyma.11G028900), harbored a frameshift mutation. GmMATE68 encodes a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter that is expressed in all soybean tissues and is induced by SC7. Given that MATE transporter families have been reported to be linked with plant disease resistance, we suggest that GmMATE68 is responsible for SC7 resistance in DN50. Our results reveal a novel SMV-resistance locus, improving understanding of the genetics of soybean disease resistance and providing a potential new tool for marker-assisted selection breeding in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jiling Song
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Mengping Yang
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xuhong Sun
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Quanzhong Dong
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shubao Lou
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xingyong Yang
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hao Du
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Che
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Ali E, Saand MA, Khan AR, Shah JM, Feng S, Ming C, Sun P. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of detoxification efflux carriers (DTX) genes family under abiotic stresses in flax. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:483-501. [PMID: 32270877 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. The presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mumtaz Ali Saand
- Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Cai Ming
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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11
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Devanna BN, Jaswal R, Singh PK, Kapoor R, Jain P, Kumar G, Sharma Y, Samantaray S, Sharma TR. Role of transporters in plant disease resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:849-867. [PMID: 33639002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome-wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease-resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Tilak R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Division of Crop Science, New Delhi, India
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12
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Orozco-Navarrete B, Song J, Casañal A, Sozzani R, Flors V, Sánchez-Sevilla JF, Trinkl J, Hoffmann T, Merchante C, Schwab W, Valpuesta V. Down-regulation of Fra a 1.02 in strawberry fruits causes transcriptomic and metabolic changes compatible with an altered defense response. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:58. [PMID: 33750764 PMCID: PMC7943815 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry Fra a 1 proteins belong to the class 10 Pathogenesis-Related (PR-10) superfamily. In strawberry, a large number of members have been identified, but only a limited number is expressed in the fruits. In this organ, Fra a 1.01 and Fra a 1.02 are the most abundant Fra proteins in the green and red fruits, respectively, however, their function remains unknown. To know the function of Fra a 1.02 we have generated transgenic lines that silence this gene, and performed metabolomics, RNA-Seq, and hormonal assays. Previous studies associated Fra a 1.02 to strawberry fruit color, but the analysis of anthocyanins in the ripe fruits showed no diminution in their content in the silenced lines. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the genes differentially expressed indicated that oxidation/reduction was the most represented biological process. Redox state was not apparently altered since no changes were found in ascorbic acid and glutathione (GSH) reduced/oxidized ratio, but GSH content was reduced in the silenced fruits. In addition, a number of glutathione-S-transferases (GST) were down-regulated as result of Fra a 1.02-silencing. Another highly represented GO category was transport which included a number of ABC and MATE transporters. Among the regulatory genes differentially expressed WRKY33.1 and WRKY33.2 were down-regulated, which had previously been assigned a role in strawberry plant defense. A reduced expression of the VQ23 gene and a diminished content of the hormones JA, SA, and IAA were also found. These data might indicate that Fra a 1.02 participates in the defense against pathogens in the ripe strawberry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Orozco-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jina Song
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ana Casañal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | | | - Johanna Trinkl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Catharina Merchante
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain.
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13
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Cardoso TB, Pinto RT, Paiva LV. Comprehensive characterization of the ALMT and MATE families on Populus trichocarpa and gene co-expression network analysis of its members during aluminium toxicity and phosphate starvation stresses. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:525. [PMID: 33214973 PMCID: PMC7658292 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity and phosphate deficit on soils are some of the main problems of modern agriculture and are usually associated. Some plants are able to overcome these stresses through exuding organic acids on the rhizosphere, such as citrate and malate, which are exported by MATE (Multi drug and toxin extrusion) and ALMT (Aluminium-activated malate transporter) transporters, respectively. Despite its co-action on acidic soils, few studies explore these two families' correlation, especially on tree crops, therefore we performed a comprehensive description of MATE and ALMT families on Populus trichocarpa as a model species for arboreal plants. We found 20 and 56 putative members of ALMT and MATE families, respectively. Then, a gene co-expression network analysis was performed using broad transcriptomic data to analyze which members of each family were transcriptionally associated. Four independent networks were generated, one of which is composed of members putatively related to phosphate starvation and aluminum toxicity stresses. The PoptrALMT10 and PoptrMATE54 genes were selected from this network for a deeper analysis, which revealed that in roots under phosphate starvation stress the two genes have independent transcriptional profiles, however, on the aluminum toxicity stress they share some common correlations with other genes. The data presented here help on the description of these gene families, of which some members are potentially involved in plant responses to acid soil-related stresses and its exploration is an important step towards using this knowledge on breeding programs for P. trichocarpa and other tree crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Terassi Pinto
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Luciano Vilela Paiva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais Brazil
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14
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Identification and Expression of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) Gene Family in Capsicum annuum and Solanum tuberosum. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111448. [PMID: 33120967 PMCID: PMC7716203 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins are essential transporters that extrude metabolites and participate in plant development and the detoxification of toxins. Little is known about the MATE gene family in the Solanaceae, which includes species that produce a broad range of specialized metabolites. Here, we identified and analyzed the complement of MATE genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). We classified all MATE genes into five groups based on their phylogenetic relationships and their gene and protein structures. Moreover, we discovered that tandem duplication contributed significantly to the expansion of the pepper MATE family, while both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the potato MATE family, indicating that MATEs took distinct evolutionary paths in these two Solanaceous species. Analysis of ω values showed that all potato and pepper MATE genes experienced purifying selection during evolution. In addition, collinearity analysis showed that MATE genes were highly conserved between pepper and potato. Analysis of cis-elements in MATE promoters and MATE expression patterns revealed that MATE proteins likely function in many stages of plant development, especially during fruit ripening, and when exposed to multiple stresses, consistent with the existence of functional differentiation between duplicated MATE genes. Together, our results lay the foundation for further characterization of pepper and potato MATE gene family members.
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Qiao C, Yang J, Wan Y, Xiang S, Guan M, Du H, Tang Z, Lu K, Li J, Qu C. A Genome-Wide Survey of MATE Transporters in Brassicaceae and Unveiling Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stress in Rapeseed. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1072. [PMID: 32825473 PMCID: PMC7569899 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family is important in the export of toxins and other substrates, but detailed information on this family in the Brassicaceae has not yet been reported compared to Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we identified 57, 124, 81, 85, 130, and 79 MATE genes in A. thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and Brassica nigra, respectively, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes owing to both tandem and segmental duplication events. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes could be classified into four subgroups, shared high similarity and conservation within each group, and have evolved mainly through purifying selection. Furthermore, numerous B. napusMATE genes showed differential expression between tissues and developmental stages and between plants treated with heavy metals or hormones and untreated control plants. This differential expression was especially pronounced for the Group 2 and 3 BnaMATE genes, indicating that they may play important roles in stress tolerance and hormone induction. Our results provide a valuable foundation for the functional dissection of the different BnaMATE homologs in B. napus and its parental lines, as well as for the breeding of more stress-tolerant B. napus genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin Qiao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sirou Xiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingwei Guan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai Du
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhanglin Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Q.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.X.); (M.G.); (H.D.); (Z.T.); (K.L.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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16
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van Wersch S, Tian L, Hoy R, Li X. Plant NLRs: The Whistleblowers of Plant Immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100016. [PMID: 33404540 PMCID: PMC7747998 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and how it detects the many pathogens plants may encounter. Members of the primary family of plant resistance (R) proteins, NLRs, contain three distinct domains, and appear to use several different mechanisms to recognize pathogen effectors and trigger immunity. Understanding the molecular process of NLR recognition and activation has been greatly aided by advancements in structural studies, with ZAR1 recently becoming the first full-length NLR to be visualized. Genetic and biochemical analysis identified many critical components for NLR activation and homeostasis control. The increased study of helper NLRs has also provided insights into the downstream signaling pathways of NLRs. This review summarizes the progress in the last decades on plant NLR research, focusing on the mechanistic understanding that has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig van Wersch
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Guzmán-Benito I, Donaire L, Amorim-Silva V, Vallarino JG, Esteban A, Wierzbicki AT, Ruiz-Ferrer V, Llave C. The immune repressor BIR1 contributes to antiviral defense and undergoes transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation during viral infections. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:421-438. [PMID: 31111491 PMCID: PMC6711825 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BIR1 is a receptor-like kinase that functions as a negative regulator of basal immunity and cell death in Arabidopsis. Using Arabidopsis thaliana and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), we investigate the antiviral role of BIR1, the molecular mechanisms of BIR1 gene expression regulation during viral infections, and the effects of BIR1 overexpression on plant immunity and development. We found that SA acts as a signal molecule for BIR1 activation during infection. Inactivating mutations of BIR1 in the bir1-1 mutant cause strong antiviral resistance independently of constitutive cell death or SA defense priming. BIR1 overexpression leads to severe developmental defects, cell death and premature death, which correlate with the constitutive activation of plant immune responses. Our findings suggest that BIR1 acts as a negative regulator of antiviral defense in plants, and indicate that RNA silencing contributes, alone or in conjunction with other regulatory mechanisms, to define a threshold expression for proper BIR1 function beyond which an autoimmune response may occur. This work provides novel mechanistic insights into the regulation of BIR1 homeostasis that may be common for other plant immune components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guzmán-Benito
- Departmento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- Doctorado en Biotecnología y Recursos Genéticos de Plantas y Microorganismos Asociados, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Livia Donaire
- Departmento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Vítor Amorim-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-CSIC (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-CSIC (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia Esteban
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-CSIC (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrzej T. Wierzbicki
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Ferrer
- Departmento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - César Llave
- Departmento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Prigigallo MI, Melillo MT, Bubici G, Dobrev PI, Vankova R, Cillo F, Veronico P. Ozone treatments activate defence responses against Meloidogyne incognita and Tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2251-2263. [PMID: 30701652 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozonated water (O3 wat) soil drench and/or foliar spray applications were evaluated for their potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (RKN) and the airborne pathogen Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato. We investigated how O3 wat modulates the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid/ethylene (SA/JA/ET) signalling network in the host, locally and systemically, to induce resistance to nematode and virus. RESULTS The application as soil drench was effective in reducing the number of galls and egg masses, but did not reduce the incidence and severity of TSWV infection. Conversely, O3 wat applied by foliar spray decreased TSWV disease incidence and severity (-20%), but was not able to control M. incognita infection. SA-related genes were generally upregulated in both locally treated and systemically reached tissues, showing a positive action of the O3 wat treatment on SA signalling. Neither O3 wat application method significantly altered JA-related gene expression in either direction. ET-related genes were differentially regulated by root or leaf treatments, indicating that O3 wat may have different effects on ET-mediated signalling in different organs. JA/ET/SA related pathways were differentially modulated by O3 wat in the presence of either RKN or TSWV. CONCLUSION O3 wat had a higher efficacy when applied directly to organs challenged by the pathogens, although it was potentially able to stimulate defence responses through the activation of SA signalling. Owing to its safety and effectiveness in controlling nematode and virus infections, O3 wat can be considered as a possible alternative tool for sustainable disease management practices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Prigigallo
- Department of Bio Agro-Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Melillo
- Department of Bio Agro-Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bubici
- Department of Bio Agro-Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fabrizio Cillo
- Department of Bio Agro-Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqua Veronico
- Department of Bio Agro-Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
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19
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Maruri-López I, Aviles-Baltazar NY, Buchala A, Serrano M. Intra and Extracellular Journey of the Phytohormone Salicylic Acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:423. [PMID: 31057566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00423.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone that has been described to play an essential role in the activation and regulation of multiple responses to biotic and to abiotic stresses. In particular, during plant-microbe interactions, as part of the defense mechanisms, SA is initially accumulated at the local infected tissue and then spread all over the plant to induce systemic acquired resistance at non-infected distal parts of the plant. SA can be produced by either the phenylalanine or isochorismate biosynthetic pathways. The first, takes place in the cytosol, while the second occurs in the chloroplasts. Once synthesized, free SA levels are regulated by a number of chemical modifications that produce inactive forms, including glycosylation, methylation and hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzoic acids. Glycosylated SA is stored in the vacuole, until required to activate SA-triggered responses. All this information suggests that SA levels are under a strict control, including its intra and extracellular movement that should be coordinated by the action of transporters. However, our knowledge on this matter is still very limited. In this review, we describe the most significant efforts made to date to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in SA transport throughout the plant. Additionally, we propose new alternatives that might help to understand the journey of this important phytohormone in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Maruri-López
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Norma Yaniri Aviles-Baltazar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Antony Buchala
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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20
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Maruri-López I, Aviles-Baltazar NY, Buchala A, Serrano M. Intra and Extracellular Journey of the Phytohormone Salicylic Acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:423. [PMID: 31057566 PMCID: PMC6477076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone that has been described to play an essential role in the activation and regulation of multiple responses to biotic and to abiotic stresses. In particular, during plant-microbe interactions, as part of the defense mechanisms, SA is initially accumulated at the local infected tissue and then spread all over the plant to induce systemic acquired resistance at non-infected distal parts of the plant. SA can be produced by either the phenylalanine or isochorismate biosynthetic pathways. The first, takes place in the cytosol, while the second occurs in the chloroplasts. Once synthesized, free SA levels are regulated by a number of chemical modifications that produce inactive forms, including glycosylation, methylation and hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzoic acids. Glycosylated SA is stored in the vacuole, until required to activate SA-triggered responses. All this information suggests that SA levels are under a strict control, including its intra and extracellular movement that should be coordinated by the action of transporters. However, our knowledge on this matter is still very limited. In this review, we describe the most significant efforts made to date to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in SA transport throughout the plant. Additionally, we propose new alternatives that might help to understand the journey of this important phytohormone in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Maruri-López
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Norma Yaniri Aviles-Baltazar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Antony Buchala
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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21
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Min X, Jin X, Liu W, Wei X, Zhang Z, Ndayambaza B, Wang Y. Transcriptome-wide characterization and functional analysis of MATE transporters in response to aluminum toxicity in Medicago sativa L. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6302. [PMID: 30723620 PMCID: PMC6360082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters contribute to multidrug resistance and play major determinants of aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most extensively cultivated forage crop in the world, yet most alfalfa cultivars are not Al tolerant. The basic knowledge of the MATE transcripts family and the characterisation of specific MATE members involved in alfalfa Al stress remain unclear. In this study, 88 alfalfa MATE (MsMATE) transporters were identified at the whole transcriptome level. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into four subfamilies comprising 11 subgroups. Generally, five kinds of motifs were found in group G1, and most were located at the N-terminus, which might confer these genes with Al detoxification functions. Furthermore, 10 putative Al detoxification-related MsMATE genes were identified and the expression of five genes was significantly increased after Al treatment, indicating that these genes might play important roles in conferring Al tolerance to alfalfa. Considering the limited functional understanding of MATE transcripts in alfalfa, our findings will be valuable for the functional investigation and application of this family in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhengshe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Boniface Ndayambaza
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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22
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Qi G, Chen J, Chang M, Chen H, Hall K, Korin J, Liu F, Wang D, Fu ZQ. Pandemonium Breaks Out: Disruption of Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defense by Plant Pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1427-1439. [PMID: 30336330 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) or 2-hydroxybenoic acid is a phenolic plant hormone that plays an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi-biotrophic pathogens. In Arabidopsis, SA is synthesized from chorismate in the chloroplast through the ICS1 (isochorismate synthase I) pathway during pathogen infection. The transcription co-activator NPR1 (Non-Expresser of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1), as the master regulator of SA signaling, interacts with transcription factors to induce the expression of anti-microbial PR (Pathogenesis-Related) genes. To establish successful infections, plant bacterial, oomycete, fungal, and viral pathogens have evolved at least three major strategies to disrupt SA-mediated defense. The first strategy is to reduce SA accumulation directly by converting SA into its inactive derivatives. The second strategy is to interrupt SA biosynthesis by targeting the ICS1 pathway. In the third major strategy, plant pathogens deploy different mechanisms to interfere with SA downstream signaling. The wide array of strategies deployed by plant pathogens highlights the crucial role of disruption of SA-mediated plant defense in plant pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of this topic will greatly expand our knowledge of how plant pathogens cause diseases and consequently pave the way for the development of more effective ways to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ming Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Katherine Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - John Korin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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23
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Brassica yellows virus' movement protein upregulates anthocyanin accumulation, leading to the development of purple leaf symptoms on Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16273. [PMID: 30389981 PMCID: PMC6215002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are widely distributed and often of great economic importance because they cause a variety of symptoms, such as the rolling of young leaves, leaf color changes, and plant decline, in infected plants. However, the molecular mechanism behind these viral-induced symptoms is still unknown. Here, we verified the pathogenicity of the polerovirus Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) by transforming its full-length amplicon into Arabidopsis thaliana, which resulted in many abnormal phenotypes. To better understand the interactions between BrYV and its host, global transcriptome profiles of the transgenic plants were compared with that of non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants. An association between the BrYV- induced purple leaf symptoms and the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was noted. Using the transgenic approach, we found that movement protein of BrYV was responsible for the induction of these coloration symptoms. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the BrYV’ pathogenicity and show that the BrYV-induced purple leaf symptom resulted from its movement protein stimulating anthocyanin accumulation.
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24
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Ma Q, Yi R, Li L, Liang Z, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zhang X, Yin X, Cai Z, Mu Y, Cheng Y, Zeng Q, Li X, Nian H. GsMATE encoding a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter enhances aluminum tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:212. [PMID: 30268093 PMCID: PMC6162897 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, which exist widely in plants, function as crucial regulators in plant resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity by inducing citrate efflux. However, the functions of most MATE family members in soybean (Glycine soja) remain to be elucidated. RESULTS Expression pattern analysis showed that GsMATE was constitutively expressed in different soybean organs, with the highest level in root compared with those in stem, leaf and cotyledon. In addition, Al stress induced expression of GsMATE in soybean. Temporal analysis indicated that GsMATE expression was greatly enhanced by increasing concentrations of aluminum [Al3+] after short exposure, reaching the high levels detected in the BW69 (Al-resistant) and the JW81 (Al-sensitive) lines of Glycine soja of wild soybean at 6 h and 8 h, respectively. Furthermore, transient GsMATE expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that GsMATE protein localized to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of GsMATE on an Arabidopsis columbia-0 (Col-0) background resulted in increased Al tolerance in transgenic plants. Analysis of hematoxylin staining showed that the roots of GsMATE transgenic lines were stained less intensely than those of the wild-type exposured to the same AlCl3 concentrations. Therefore, GsMATE enhanced the resistance of transgenic plants to Al toxicity by reducing Al accumulation in Arabidopsis roots. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results indicate that GsMATE is responsive to aluminum stress and may participate in the regulation of sensitivity to Al toxicity in Arabidopsis. In addition, the GsMATE protein is an Al-induced citrate transporter of the MATE family and exerts an essential role in Al tolerance in Glycine soja.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Yi
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- The Experimental Teaching Center of Public Basic Courses, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Yin
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhandong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Mu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
- The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 People’s Republic of China
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25
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Li N, Meng H, Xing H, Liang L, Zhao X, Luo K. Genome-wide analysis of MATE transporters and molecular characterization of aluminum resistance in Populus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5669-5683. [PMID: 29099944 PMCID: PMC5853298 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic aluminum (Al) in acidic soils, comprising approximately 50% of arable land globally, is highly toxic to most plant species. Populus grow naturally in acidic soils and tolerate high concentrations of Al. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family genes in plants are involved in responses to Al tolerance. To date, however, the functional roles of the MATE genes in Populus remain unclear. In the present study, 71 putative MATE transporters were predicted in the genome of Populus trichocarpa. The chromosome distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and expression level analysis revealed that four candidate MATE genes belonging to subgroup IIIc might contribute to high Al tolerance in poplar. Further, the expression levels of two subgroup IIIc members, PtrMATE1 and PtrMATE2, were induced by Al stress. Transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that PtrMATE1 was localized to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of PtrMATE1 increased Al-induced secretion of citrate from the root apex of transgenic plants. Al-induced inhibition of root growths were alleviated in both PtrMATE1 overexpression lines in Populus and in Arabidopsis compared with wild-type plants. In addition, PtrMATE1 expression was induced at 12 h after exposure to Al stress whereas PtrMATE2 expression was induced at 24 h, indicating that these proteins coordinately function in response to Al stress in poplar. Taken together, these results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in Al tolerance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Santos ALD, Chaves-Silva S, Yang L, Maia LGS, Chalfun-Júnior A, Sinharoy S, Zhao J, Benedito VA. Global analysis of the MATE gene family of metabolite transporters in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:185. [PMID: 29084510 PMCID: PMC5663081 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species in the Solanaceae family are known for producing plethora of specialized metabolites. In addition to biosynthesis pathways, a full comprehension of secondary metabolism must also take into account the transport and subcellular compartmentalization of substances. Here, we examined the MATE (Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion, or Multi-Antimicrobial Extrusion) gene family in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome with the objective of better understanding the transport of secondary metabolites in this model species. MATE membrane effluxers encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters present in all kingdoms of life, but with a remarkable expansion in plants. They mediate the transport of primary and secondary metabolites using the proton motive force through several membrane systems of the cell. RESULTS We identified 67 genes coding for MATE transporters in the tomato genome, 33 of which are expressed constitutively whereas 34 are expressed in specific cell types or environmental conditions. Synteny analyses revealed bona fide paralogs and Arabidopsis orthologs. Co-expression analysis between MATE and regulatory genes revealed 78 positive and 8 negative strong associations (ρ≥|0.8|). We found no evidence of MATE transporters belonging to known metabolic gene clusters in tomato. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our expression data, phylogenetic analyses, and synteny study provide strong evidence of functional homologies between MATE genes of tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our co-expression study revealed potential transcriptional regulators of MATE genes that warrant further investigation. This work sets the stage for genome-wide functional analyses of MATE transporters in tomato and other Solanaceae species of economic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Luís Dos Santos
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6108, USA
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Chaves-Silva
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6108, USA
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lina Yang
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6108, USA
| | - Lucas Gontijo Silva Maia
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6108, USA
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Júnior
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Senjuti Sinharoy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Vagner Augusto Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6108, USA.
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27
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Sendín LN, Orce IG, Gómez RL, Enrique R, Grellet Bournonville CF, Noguera AS, Vojnov AA, Marano MR, Castagnaro AP, Filippone MP. Inducible expression of Bs2 R gene from Capsicum chacoense in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) confers enhanced resistance to citrus canker disease. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:607-621. [PMID: 28155188 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic expression of the pepper Bs2 gene confers resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) pathogenic strains which contain the avrBs2 avirulence gene in susceptible pepper and tomato varieties. The avrBs2 gene is highly conserved among members of the Xanthomonas genus, and the avrBs2 of Xcv shares 96% homology with the avrBs2 of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker disease. A previous study showed that the transient expression of pepper Bs2 in lemon leaves reduced canker formation and induced plant defence mechanisms. In this work, the effect of the stable expression of Bs2 gene on citrus canker resistance was evaluated in transgenic plants of Citrus sinensis cv. Pineapple. Interestingly, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of epicotyls was unsuccessful when a constitutive promoter (2× CaMV 35S) was used in the plasmid construction, but seven transgenic lines were obtained with a genetic construction harbouring Bs2 under the control of a pathogen-inducible promoter, from glutathione S-transferase gene from potato. A reduction of disease symptoms of up to 70% was observed in transgenic lines expressing Bs2 with respect to non-transformed control plants. This reduction was directly dependent on the Xcc avrBs2 gene since no effect was observed when a mutant strain of Xcc with a disruption in avrBs2 gene was used for inoculations. Additionally, a canker symptom reduction was correlated with levels of the Bs2 expression in transgenic plants, as assessed by real-time qPCR, and accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that the pepper Bs2 resistance gene is also functional in a family other than the Solanaceae, and could be considered for canker control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Noelia Sendín
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ingrid Georgina Orce
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rocío Liliana Gómez
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ramón Enrique
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carlos Froilán Grellet Bournonville
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Aldo Sergio Noguera
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Adrián Alberto Vojnov
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Marano
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia-Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 590, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Paula Filippone
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Serrano I, Audran C, Rivas S. Chloroplasts at work during plant innate immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3845-54. [PMID: 26994477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The major role played by chloroplasts during light harvesting, energy production, redox homeostasis, and retrograde signalling processes has been extensively characterized. Beyond the obvious link between chloroplast functions in primary metabolism and as providers of photosynthesis-derived carbon sources and energy, a growing body of evidence supports a central role for chloroplasts as integrators of environmental signals and, more particularly, as key defence organelles. Here, we review the importance of these organelles as primary sites for the biosynthesis and transmission of pro-defence signals during plant immune responses. In addition, we highlight interorganellar communication as a crucial process for amplification of the immune response. Finally, molecular strategies used by microbes to manipulate, directly or indirectly, the production/function of defence-related signalling molecules and subvert chloroplast-based defences are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Serrano
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Corinne Audran
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Susana Rivas
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Wang Z, Qian C, Guo X, Liu E, Mao K, Mu C, Chen N, Zhang W, Liu H. ELS1, a novel MATE transporter related to leaf senescence and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:319-325. [PMID: 27233612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters mediate the coupled exchange of organic substrates and monovalent cations have been recently implicated in various plant biological activities. In this work, we isolated a dominant mutant from an Arabidopsis activation-tagging mutant pool. This mutant exhibits pleiotropic phenotype including early flowering, dwarf and bushy architecture, minified lateral organs and early leaf senescence, and is therefore designated early leaf senescence 1-Dominaint (els1-D). Genotyping assays showed that els1-D is a gain-of-function mutant of a novel MATE transporter gene, ELS1, which encodes a close homolog of the previously reported ADP1, BCD1 and DTX50. Further investigations revealed that the overexpression of ELS1 reduces iron content in els1-D, and the accelerated senescence of the detached els1-D leaves can be recovered by exogenous iron supply. In addition, we also found that ELS1 is an iron responsive gene. Based on these findings, we proposed that ELS1 is related to leaf senescence and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Chongzhen Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Erlong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Kaili Mao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Changjun Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Ni Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Heng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Liu J, Li Y, Wang W, Gai J, Li Y. Genome-wide analysis of MATE transporters and expression patterns of a subgroup of MATE genes in response to aluminum toxicity in soybean. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:223. [PMID: 26968518 PMCID: PMC4788864 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family is an important group of the multidrug efflux transporters that extrude organic compounds, transporting a broad range of substrates such as organic acids, plant hormones and secondary metabolites. However, genome-wide analysis of MATE family in plant species is limited and no such studies have been reported in soybean. RESULTS A total of 117 genes encoding MATE transporters were identified from the whole genome sequence of soybean (Glycine max), which were denominated as GmMATE1 - GmMATE117. These 117 GmMATE genes were unevenly localized on soybean chromosomes 1 to 20, with both tandem and segmental duplication events detected, and most genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns. Soybean MATE family could be classified into four subfamilies comprising ten smaller subgroups, with diverse potential functions such as transport and accumulation of flavonoids or alkaloids, extrusion of plant-derived or xenobiotic compounds, regulation of disease resistance, and response to abiotic stresses. Eight soybean MATE transporters clustered together with the previously reported MATE proteins related to aluminum (Al) detoxification and iron translocation were further analyzed. Seven stress-responsive cis-elements such as ABRE, ARE, HSE, LTR, MBS, as well as a cis-element of ART1 (Al resistance transcription factor 1), GGNVS, were identified in the upstream region of these eight GmMATE genes. Differential gene expression analysis of these eight GmMATE genes in response to Al stress helps us identify GmMATE75 as the candidate gene for Al tolerance in soybean, whose relative transcript abundance increased at 6, 12 and 24 h after Al treatment, with more fold changes in Al-tolerant than Al-sensitive cultivar, which is consistent with previously reported Al-tolerance related MATE genes. CONCLUSIONS A total of 117 MATE transporters were identified in soybean and their potential functions were proposed by phylogenetic analysis with known plant MATE transporters. The cis-elements and expression patterns of eight soybean MATE genes related to Al detoxification/iron translocation were analyzed, and GmMATE75 was identified as a candidate gene for Al tolerance in soybean. This study provides a first insight on soybean MATE family and their potential roles in soybean response to abiotic stresses especially Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juge Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Junyi Gai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Hao G, Pitino M, Duan Y, Stover E. Reduced Susceptibility to Xanthomonas citri in Transgenic Citrus Expressing the FLS2 Receptor From Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:132-42. [PMID: 26554734 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-15-0211-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of plant pattern-recognition receptors by genetic engineering provides a novel approach to enhance plant immunity and broad-spectrum disease resistance. Citrus canker disease associated with Xanthomonas citri is one of the most important diseases damaging citrus production worldwide. In this study, we cloned the FLS2 gene from Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA and inserted it into the binary vector pBinPlus/ARS to transform Hamlin sweet orange and Carrizo citrange. Transgene presence was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene expression of NbFLS2 was compared by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to flg22Xcc was detected in transgenic Hamlin but not in nontransformed controls. Low or no ROS production was detected from nontransformed Hamlin seedlings challenged with flg22Xcc. Transgenic plants highly expressing NbFLS2 were selected and were evaluated for resistance to canker incited by X. citri 3213. Our results showed that the integration and expression of the NbFLS2 gene in citrus can increase canker resistance and defense-associated gene expression when challenged with X. citri. These results suggest that canker-susceptible Citrus genotypes lack strong basal defense induced by X. citri flagellin and the resistance of these genotypes can be enhanced by transgenic expression of the flagellin receptor from a resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Hao
- U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Marco Pitino
- U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Yongping Duan
- U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Ed Stover
- U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
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Alazem M, Lin NS. Roles of plant hormones in the regulation of host-virus interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:529-40. [PMID: 25220680 PMCID: PMC6638471 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are tuners of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are involved in various complicated networks, through which they modulate responses to different stimuli. Four hormones primarily regulate plant defence to pathogens: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (Et) and abscisic acid (ABA). In susceptible plants, viral infections result in hormonal disruption, which manifests as the simultaneous induction of several antagonistic hormones. However, these antagonistic hormones may exhibit some sequential accumulation in resistant lines. Virus propagation is usually restricted by the activation of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral machinery and/or SA signalling pathway. Several studies have investigated these two systems, using different model viruses. However, the roles of hormones other than SA, especially those with antagonistic properties, such as ABA, have been neglected. Increasing evidence indicates that hormones control components of the small RNA system, which regulates many processes (including the siRNA antiviral machinery and the microRNA system) at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Consequently, cross-talk between the antagonistic SA and ABA pathways modulates plant responses at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the different roles of hormones in the regulation of plant-virus interactions, which are helping us to elucidate the fine tuning of viral and plant systems by hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Alazem
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Tsuda K, Somssich IE. Transcriptional networks in plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:932-947. [PMID: 25623163 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Next to numerous abiotic stresses, plants are constantly exposed to a variety of pathogens within their environment. Thus, their ability to survive and prosper during the course of evolution was strongly dependent on adapting efficient strategies to perceive and to respond to such potential threats. It is therefore not surprising that modern plants have a highly sophisticated immune repertoire consisting of diverse signal perception and intracellular signaling pathways. This signaling network is intricate and deeply interconnected, probably reflecting the diverse lifestyles and infection strategies used by the multitude of invading phytopathogens. Moreover it allows signal communication between developmental and defense programs thereby ensuring that plant growth and fitness are not significantly retarded. How plants integrate and prioritize the incoming signals and how this information is transduced to enable appropriate immune responses is currently a major research area. An important finding has been that pathogen-triggered cellular responses involve massive transcriptional reprogramming within the host. Additional key observations emerging from such studies are that transcription factors (TFs) are often sites of signal convergence and that signal-regulated TFs act in concert with other context-specific TFs and transcriptional co-regulators to establish sensory transcription regulatory networks required for plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tsuda
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Imre E Somssich
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
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Gao QM, Zhu S, Kachroo P, Kachroo A. Signal regulators of systemic acquired resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:228. [PMID: 25918514 PMCID: PMC4394658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays a vital role in a number of physiological responses, including plant defense. The last two decades have witnessed a number of breakthroughs related to biosynthesis, transport, perception and signaling mediated by SA. These findings demonstrate that SA plays a crictical role in both local and systemic defense responses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one such SA-dependent response. SAR is a long distance signaling mechanism that provides broad spectrum and long-lasting resistance to secondary infections throughout the plant. This unique feature makes SAR a highly desirable trait in crop production. This review summarizes the recent advances in the role of SA in SAR and discusses its relationship to other SAR inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ming Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
- *Correspondence: Aardra Kachroo, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans drive, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Tanaka S, Han X, Kahmann R. Microbial effectors target multiple steps in the salicylic acid production and signaling pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:349. [PMID: 26042138 PMCID: PMC4436567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microbes attempting to colonize plants are recognized through the plant immune surveillance system. This leads to a complex array of global as well as specific defense responses, which are often associated with plant cell death and subsequent arrest of the invader. The responses also entail complex changes in phytohormone signaling pathways. Among these, salicylic acid (SA) signaling is an important pathway because of its ability to trigger plant cell death. As biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens need to invade living plant tissue to cause disease, they have evolved efficient strategies to downregulate SA signaling by virulence effectors, which can be proteins or secondary metabolites. Here we review the strategies prokaryotic pathogens have developed to target SA biosynthesis and signaling, and contrast this with recent insights into how plant pathogenic eukaryotic fungi and oomycetes accomplish the same goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regine Kahmann
- *Correspondence: Regine Kahmann, Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,
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Gao D, Appiano M, Huibers RP, Chen X, Loonen AEHM, Visser RGF, Wolters AMA, Bai Y. Activation tagging of ATHB13 in Arabidopsis thaliana confers broad-spectrum disease resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:641-53. [PMID: 25293871 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew species Oidium neolycopersici (On) can cause serious yield losses in tomato production worldwide. Besides on tomato, On is able to grow and reproduce on Arabidopsis. In this study we screened a collection of activation-tagged Arabidopsis mutants and identified one mutant, 3221, which displayed resistance to On, and in addition showed a reduced stature and serrated leaves. Additional disease tests demonstrated that the 3221 mutant exhibited resistance to downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis) and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), but retained susceptibility to bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. The resistance trait and morphological alteration were mutually linked in 3221. Identification of the activation tag insertion site and microarray analysis revealed that ATHB13, a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factor, was constitutively overexpressed in 3221. Silencing of ATHB13 in 3221 resulted in the loss of both the morphological alteration and resistance, whereas overexpression of the cloned ATHB13 in Col-0 and Col-eds1-2 backgrounds resulted in morphological alteration and resistance. Microarray analysis further revealed that overexpression of ATHB13 influenced the expression of a large number of genes. Previously, it was reported that ATHB13-overexpressing lines conferred tolerance to abiotic stress. Together with our results, it appears that ATHB13 is involved in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress resistance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Gao
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sato Y, Ando S, Takahashi H. Role of intron-mediated enhancement on accumulation of an Arabidopsis NB-LRR class R-protein that confers resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99041. [PMID: 24915153 PMCID: PMC4051679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of RCY1 protein, which is encoded by RESISTANCE TO CMV(Y) (RCY1), a CC-NB-LRR class R-gene, is tightly correlated with the strength of the resistance to a yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus [CMV(Y)] in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to enhance resistance to CMV by overexpression of RCY1, A. thaliana was transformed with intron-less RCY1 cDNA construct under the control of strong CaMV35S promoter. Remarkably, a relative amount of RCY1 protein accumulation in the transformants was much lower than that in plants expressing genomic RCY1 under the control of its native promoter. To identify a regulatory element of RCY1 that could cause such differential levels of RCY1 accumulation, a series of RCY1 cDNA and genomic RCY1 constructs were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by the Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration method. Comparative analysis of the level of RCY1 accumulation in the leaf tissues transiently expressing each construct indicated that the intron located in the RCY1-coding region of genomic RCY1, but not the native RCY1 genomic promoter or the 5'-and 3'-untranslated regions of RCY1, was indispensable for high level RCY1 accumulation. The increased levels of RCY1 accelerated plant disease defense reactions. Interestingly, such intron-mediated enhancement of RCY1 accumulation depended neither on the abundance of the RCY1 transcript nor on the RCY1 specific-intron sequence. Taken together, intron-mediated RCY1 expression seems to play a key role in the expression of complete resistance to CMV(Y) by maintaining RCY1 accumulation at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Sato
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sugihiro Ando
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Seyfferth C, Tsuda K. Salicylic acid signal transduction: the initiation of biosynthesis, perception and transcriptional reprogramming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:697. [PMID: 25538725 PMCID: PMC4260477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a small phenolic compound that regulates diverse physiological processes, in particular plant resistance against pathogens. Understanding SA-mediated signaling has been a major focus of plant research. Pathogen-induced SA is mainly synthesized via the isochorismate pathway in chloroplasts, with ICS1 (ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1) being a critical enzyme. Calcium signaling regulates activities of a subset of transcription factors thereby activating nuclear ICS1 expression. The produced SA triggers extensive transcriptional reprogramming in which NPR1 (NON-EXPRESSOR of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1) functions as the central coactivator of TGA transcription factors. Recently, two alternative but not exclusive models for SA perception mechanisms were proposed. The first model is that NPR1 homologs, NPR3 and NPR4, perceive SA thereby regulating NPR1 protein accumulation. The second model describes that NPR1 itself perceives SA, triggering an NPR1 conformational change thereby activating SA-mediated transcription. Besides the direct SA binding, NPR1 is also regulated by SA-mediated redox changes and phosphorylation. Emerging evidence show that pathogen virulence effectors target SA signaling, further strengthening the importance of SA-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- *Correspondence: Kenichi Tsuda, Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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Heinnickel ML, Grossman AR. The GreenCut: re-evaluation of physiological role of previously studied proteins and potential novel protein functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:427-36. [PMID: 23873414 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on comparative genomics, a list of proteins present in the green algal, flowering and nonflowering plant lineages, but not detected in nonphotosynthetic organisms, was assembled (Merchant et al., Science 318:245-250, 2007; Karpowicz et al., J Biol Chem 286:21427-21439, 2011). This protein grouping, previously designated the GreenCut, was established using stringent comparative genomic criteria; they are those Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins with orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Physcomitrella patens, Oryza sativa, Populus tricocarpa and at least one of the three Ostreococcus species with fully sequenced genomes, but not in bacteria, yeast, fungi or mammals. Many GreenCut proteins are also present in red algae and diatoms and a subset of 189 have been identified as encoded on nearly all cyanobacterial genomes. Of the current GreenCut proteins (597 in total), approximately half have been studied previously. The functions or activities of a number of these proteins have been deduced from phenotypic analyses of mutants (defective for genes encoding specific GreenCut proteins) of A. thaliana, and in many cases the assigned functions do not exist in C. reinhardtii. Therefore, precise physiological functions of several previously studied GreenCut proteins are still not clear. The GreenCut also contains a number of proteins with certain conserved domains. Three of the most highly conserved domains are the FK506 binding, cyclophilin and PAP fibrillin domains; most members of these gene families are not well characterized. In general, our analysis of the GreenCut indicates that many processes critical to green lineage organisms remain unstudied or poorly characterized. We have begun to examine the functions of some GreenCut proteins in detail. For example, our work on the CPLD38 protein has demonstrated that it has an essential role in photosynthetic function and the stability of the cytochrome b 6 f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Heinnickel
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, USA,
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Lucas WJ, Groover A, Lichtenberger R, Furuta K, Yadav SR, Helariutta Y, He XQ, Fukuda H, Kang J, Brady SM, Patrick JW, Sperry J, Yoshida A, López-Millán AF, Grusak MA, Kachroo P. The plant vascular system: evolution, development and functions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:294-388. [PMID: 23462277 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the tracheophyte-based vascular system of land plants had major impacts on the evolution of terrestrial biology, in general, through its role in facilitating the development of plants with increased stature, photosynthetic output, and ability to colonize a greatly expanded range of environmental habitats. Recently, considerable progress has been made in terms of our understanding of the developmental and physiological programs involved in the formation and function of the plant vascular system. In this review, we first examine the evolutionary events that gave rise to the tracheophytes, followed by analysis of the genetic and hormonal networks that cooperate to orchestrate vascular development in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. The two essential functions performed by the vascular system, namely the delivery of resources (water, essential mineral nutrients, sugars and amino acids) to the various plant organs and provision of mechanical support are next discussed. Here, we focus on critical questions relating to structural and physiological properties controlling the delivery of material through the xylem and phloem. Recent discoveries into the role of the vascular system as an effective long-distance communication system are next assessed in terms of the coordination of developmental, physiological and defense-related processes, at the whole-plant level. A concerted effort has been made to integrate all these new findings into a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art in the area of plant vascular biology. Finally, areas important for future research are highlighted in terms of their likely contribution both to basic knowledge and applications to primary industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yamasaki K, Motomura Y, Yagi Y, Nomura H, Kikuchi S, Nakai M, Shiina T. Chloroplast envelope localization of EDS5, an essential factor for salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23603. [PMID: 23333976 PMCID: PMC7030283 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are responsible for biosynthesis of salicylic acid (SA) an important signal molecule in plant immunity. EDS5 is a homolog of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family of transporters, and is essential for SA biosynthesis. It has been speculated that EDS5 would be involved in the export of SA from chloroplasts. However, the subcellular localization of EDS5 remains largely uncharacterized. We demonstrate here that EDS5 is specifically localized to the chloroplast envelope membrane in Arabidopsis. In addition, we found that EDS5 is preferentially expressed in epidermal cells. These findings suggest that EDS5 is responsible for transport of SA from chloroplasts to the cytoplasm in epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto Prefectural University; Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiya Motomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto Prefectural University; Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yagi
- Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hironari Nomura
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology; Kobe University; Kobe, Japan
| | - Shingo Kikuchi
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto Prefectural University; Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence to: Takashi Shiina,
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Takahashi H, Shoji H, Ando S, Kanayama Y, Kusano T, Takeshita M, Suzuki M, Masuta C. RCY1-mediated resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus is regulated by LRR domain-mediated interaction with CMV(Y) following degradation of RCY1. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:1171-85. [PMID: 22852808 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-12-0076-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RCY1, which encodes a coiled coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class R protein, confers the hypersensitive response (HR) to a yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV[Y]) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nicotiana benthamiana transformed with hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged RCY1 (RCY1-HA) also exhibited a defense response accompanied by HR cell death and induction of defense-related gene expression in response to CMV(Y). Following transient expression of RCY1-HA by agroinfiltration, the defense reaction was induced in N. benthamiana leaves infected with CMV(Y) but not in virulent CMV(B2)-infected N. benthamiana leaves transiently expressing RCY1-HA or CMV(Y)-infected N. benthamiana leaves transiently expressing HA-tagged RPP8 (RPP8-HA), which is allelic to RCY1. This result suggests that Arabidopsis RCY1-conferred resistance to CMV(Y) could be reproduced in N. benthamiana leaves in a gene-for-gene manner. Expression of a series of chimeric constructs between RCY1-HA and RPP8-HA in CMV(Y)-infected N. benthamiana indicated that induction of defense responses to CMV(Y) is regulated by the LRR domain of RCY1. Interestingly, in CMV(Y)-infected N. benthamiana manifesting the defense response, the levels of both RCY1 and chimeric proteins harboring the RCY1 LRR domain were significantly reduced. Taken together, these data indicate that the RCY1-conferred resistance response to CMV(Y) is regulated by an LRR domain-mediated interaction with CMV(Y) and seems to be tightly associated with the degradation of RCY1 in response to CMV(Y).
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Sun X, Gilroy EM, Chini A, Nurmberg PL, Hein I, Lacomme C, Birch PRJ, Hussain A, Yun BW, Loake GJ. ADS1 encodes a MATE-transporter that negatively regulates plant disease resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:471-82. [PMID: 21762165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins comprise the most recently identified family of multidrug transporters. In plants, the numbers of MATE proteins has undergone a remarkable expansion, underscoring the importance of these transporters within this kingdom. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of Activated Disease Susceptibility 1 (ADS1) which encodes a putative MATE transport protein. An activation tagging screen uncovered the ads1-Dominant (ads1-D) mutant, which was subsequently characterized by molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches. The ads1-D mutant was compromised in both basal and nonhost resistance against microbial pathogens. Further, plant defence responses conferred by RPS4 were also disabled in ads1-D plants. By contrast, depletion of ADS1 transcripts by RNA-interference (RNAi) promoted basal disease resistance. Unexpectedly, ads1-D plants were found to constitutively accumulate reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). However, analysis of ads1-D Arabidopsis thaliana respiratory burst oxidase (atrboh) double and triple mutants indicated that an increase in ROIs did not impact ads1-D-mediated disease susceptibility. Our findings imply that ADS1 negatively regulates the accumulation of the plant immune activator salicylic acid (SA) and cognate Pathogenesis-Related 1 (PR1) gene expression. Collectively, these data highlight an important role for MATE proteins in the establishment of plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
The small phenolic compound salicylic acid (SA) plays an important regulatory role in multiple physiological processes including plant immune response. Significant progress has been made during the past two decades in understanding the SA-mediated defense signaling network. Characterization of a number of genes functioning in SA biosynthesis, conjugation, accumulation, signaling, and crosstalk with other hormones such as jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and peptide hormones has sketched the finely tuned immune response network. Full understanding of the mechanism of plant immunity will need to take advantage of fast developing genomics tools and bioinformatics techniques. However, elucidating genetic components involved in these pathways by conventional genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology approaches will continue to be a major task of the community. High-throughput method for SA quantification holds the potential for isolating additional mutants related to SA-mediated defense signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu An
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Dempsey DA, Vlot AC, Wildermuth MC, Klessig DF. Salicylic Acid biosynthesis and metabolism. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2011; 9:e0156. [PMID: 22303280 PMCID: PMC3268552 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to regulate various aspects of growth and development; it also serves as a critical signal for activating disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species. This review surveys the mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of this critical plant hormone. While a complete biosynthetic route has yet to be established, stressed Arabidopsis appear to synthesize SA primarily via an isochorismate-utilizing pathway in the chloroplast. A distinct pathway utilizing phenylalanine as the substrate also may contribute to SA accumulation, although to a much lesser extent. Once synthesized, free SA levels can be regulated by a variety of chemical modifications. Many of these modifications inactivate SA; however, some confer novel properties that may aid in long distance SA transport or the activation of stress responses complementary to those induced by free SA. In addition, a number of factors that directly or indirectly regulate the expression of SA biosynthetic genes or that influence the rate of SA catabolism have been identified. An integrated model, encompassing current knowledge of SA metabolism in Arabidopsis, as well as the influence other plant hormones exert on SA metabolism, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary C. Wildermuth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 221 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102
- Address correspondence to and
| | - Daniel F. Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Address correspondence to and
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Sekine KT, Kawakami S, Hase S, Kubota M, Ichinose Y, Shah J, Kang HG, Klessig DF, Takahashi H. High level expression of a virus resistance gene, RCY1, confers extreme resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:1398-407. [PMID: 18842090 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-11-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat-type resistance gene, RCY1, confers resistance to a yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV(Y), in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24. Resistance to CMV(Y) in C24 is accompanied by a hypersensitive response (HR) that is characterized by the development of necrotic local lesions at the primary infection sites. To further study the HR and resistance to CMV(Y) in ecotype Col-0, which is susceptible to CMV(Y), Col-0 were transformed with RCY1. Systemic spread of CMV(Y) was completely suppressed in RCY1-transformed Col-0 (Col::pRCY1 lines 2 to 6), whereas virulent strain CMV(B2) spread and multiplied systemically in these transgenic lines similar to that in wild-type Col-0. Interestingly, the resistant phenotype of Col::pRCY1 varied among the lines. In lines 3 and 6, in which levels of RCY1 transcript were similar to that in wild-type C24, the HR and resistance to CMV(Y) was induced. Line 4, which expresses moderately elevated levels of RCY1 transcript, exhibited moderately enhanced resistance compared with that in C24 or line 3. In contrast, lines 2 and 5, which highly overexpress the RCY1 gene, did not exhibit either visible lesions or a micro-HR on the inoculated leaves. Moreover, virus coat protein was not detected in either inoculated or noninoculated upper leaves of these two lines, suggesting that extreme resistance (ER) to CMV(Y) was induced by high levels of expression of RCY1. Furthermore, in transgenic lines expressing hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged RCY1 (Col::pRCY1-HA), high levels of accumulation of RCY1-HA protein were also correlated with the ER phenotype. Global gene expression analysis in line 2, which highly overexpresses RCY1, indicated that expression of several defense-related genes were constitutively elevated compared with wild-type Col-0. Despite this, line 2 did not have enhanced resistance to other avirulent and virulent pathogens. Take together, constitutive accumulation of high levels of RCY1 protein appears to regulate the strength of RCY1-conferred resistance in a gene-for-gene manner and implies that ER and HR-associated resistance differ only in the strength of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Taro Sekine
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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