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Khan SU, Jeon YH, Kim IH. Dietary inclusion of micelle silymarin enhances egg production, quality, and lowers blood cholesterol in Hy-line brown laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:1038-1045. [PMID: 38481008 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of micelle silymarin (MS) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. A total of 384 (Hy-Line brown, 28-week-old) laying hens were randomly distributed into one of four dietary treatment groups (eight replication per treatment; 12 hens per replicate) for a 12-week long feeding trial. Hens were fed a basal diet with the addition of 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of MS respectively. The results expressed that egg production percentage and egg weight were linearly (p < 0.05) enhanced at Weeks 0-6, 7-12, and 0-12, when 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of MS were added to laying hen diets. The feed conversion ratio and feed intake improved (p < 0.05) linearly at Weeks 0-6, 7-12, and 0-12 with increasing levels of MS supplementation in laying hens. The eggshell thickness and eggshell strength were linearly (p < 0.05) improved at weeks 4, 8, and 12 with an MS-supplemented diet. Additionally, eggshell colour, Haugh unit, and albumin height had no significant (p > 0.05) difference throughout the experimental period with different levels of MS-supplemented diet. The yolk colour of eggs showed significant (p < 0.05) differences at weeks 8 and 12 with levels of the MS-supplemented diet. However, at the end of the trial, the blood profile indicated that cholesterol levels decreased (p < 0.05) linearly, and triglyceride levels showed a tendency to decrease (p < 0.10) with MS supplementation. In conclusion, increasing the level of MS addition in the laying hen diet improved the egg production percentage and egg quality, reducing cholesterol levels in Hy-Line brown hens. However, this study indicates that MS can be added to the diet of laying hens up to 0.06% for improved egg production and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Uddin Khan
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yong Hwee Jeon
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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2
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Rivas-Caceres RR, Khazaei R, Ponce-Covarrubias JL, Di Rosa AR, Ogbuagu NE, Estrada GT, Zigo F, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Lackner M, Elghandour MMMY. Effects of dietary Silybum marianum powder on growth performance, egg and carcass characteristics, immune response, intestinal microbial population, haemato-biochemical parameters and sensory meat quality of laying quails. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104036. [PMID: 39079329 PMCID: PMC11340560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effects of different dietary Silybum marianum (SM, milk thistle) powder levels on growth performance, productivity, immunity, small intestine, haemato-biochemical parameters, meat quality, and egg and carcass characteristics of laying quails. The experimental subjects consisted of one hundred and eight 43-day-old quails divided into 3 treatments (0, 0.75, and 1.50% SM) with 4 replicates each. The egg characteristics and growth performance of the quails were evaluated. Quails were euthanized for evaluation of carcasses, microbiota, and sensory characteristics of meat. Blood samples were analyzed for haematology and biochemical profile. SM at 0.75% and 1.50% significantly (P < 0.05) increased feed intake, enhanced egg characteristics (number, weight, width, length, volume, weight of egg yolk, and eggshell thickness), jejunum and ileum length, spleen weight, lactobacillus population, sensory characteristics of meat, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, erythrocytic indices, concentration of albumin, globulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). SM at 0.75% and 1.50% decreased (P < 0.05) carcass weight (abdominal fat, heart, neck, and pancreas), feed conversion ratio (FCR) based on eggs produced, percentages of heterophils and lymphocytes, concentration of lactate dehydrogenase, population of coliforms clostridia, and Escherichia coli. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase were not significantly (P > 0.05) altered by 0.75% and 1.50% SM. SM at both levels (0.75% and 1.50%) may improve growth, egg characteristics, immune response, intestinal morphology and microbiota, meat quality and erythropoiesis, and also lead to decreased cholesterol in laying quails. Economics can be improved, too. The authors recommend adding 1.0% of SM to quail diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Rene Rivas-Caceres
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, México
| | - Roshanak Khazaei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, 4147654919, Iran
| | - José Luis Ponce-Covarrubias
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, México
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810107, Nigeria
| | - Gustavo Tirado Estrada
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL)/Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan F Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Milk Production, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Marina I Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Milk Production, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Mosolov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Milk Production, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona M M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, 50000, México.
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Ahammad GS, Kim IH. Effects of Micellar Quercetin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbiota, Meat Quality, and Physiological Status in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1918. [PMID: 38998030 PMCID: PMC11240820 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impacts of micellar quercetin (MQ) supplementation on growth performance, meat stability, excreta gas emissions, and physiological status. During a 35-day trial, 640 Ross 308 broilers were utilized. These birds were one day old, with an average initial body weight of 43.34 ± 1.43 g. They were randomly distributed across four experimental diets, each consisting of 10 replicate pens with 16 chicks per pen. The diets included the following: control (CON) with 0% micellar quercetin (MQ), TRT1 with 0.025% MQ, TRT2 with 0.050% MQ, and TRT3 with 0.100% MQ. The results indicate that broilers fed diets with increasing levels of MQ exhibited significantly higher body weight gains (BWGs) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was a clear linear increase in the breast muscle percentage with higher levels of quercetin supplementation (p < 0.05), while the breast color remained consistent across all groups (p > 0.05). Both cooking loss and drip loss exhibited a linear decrease as MQ levels in the diet increased (p < 0.05). The level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) tended to decrease with higher MQ levels. Thyroxine (T4) and lymphocyte levels also showed a linear increase with increasing MQ dosage in the diet (p < 0.05). However, no significant effects were observed on nutrient digestibility, gas emissions, or fecal microbial components (Lactobacillus, E. coli, and Salmonella) with higher levels of MQ supplementation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, augmenting quercetin levels in the diet positively influenced the BWG, breast muscle development, and meat quality parameters such as cooking loss and drip loss, with beneficial effects on blood profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea;
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Barreiro Carpio M, Valdes-Pena MA, Molina DA, Espinoza Cabello SEJ, Sialer Guerrero CA, Cribillero G, Vargas Coca KF, Icochea E. Evaluation of commercial doses of a feed additive and silymarin on broiler performance with and without CCl 4-induced liver damage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103567. [PMID: 38417302 PMCID: PMC10909905 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving productive performance is a daily challenge in the poultry industry. Developing cost-effective additives and strategies that improve performance in antibiotic-free poultry production is critical to maintaining productivity and efficiency. This study evaluates the influence of a commercially available phytogenic feed additive (CA-PFA, that comprises silymarin, betaine and curcumin extracts as main ingredients) and silymarin on commercial broilers' productive performance and liver function with and without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight replicates, and eight birds per replicate in 18 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb Vantress 500) each; under a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (3 diets x 2 levels of CCl4, 0 and 1 mL/kg body weight orally). The experimental treatments included 3 diets, commercially recommended doses of CA-PFA (500 mg/kg of feed; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin, besides the other active ingredients included in the formulation), silymarin (250 mg/kg of feed, containing 28% of active ingredient; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin as active ingredient) and an additive-free basal diet as a control. A standard commercial silymarin was used as a reference due to its well-known and extensively studied hepatoprotective properties that can mitigate the negative effects of CCl4 in the liver. The data were analyzed as a 2-way ANOVA, and the means showing significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were then compared using the Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test. No interaction was detected between factors. Exposure to CCl4 had a noticeable detrimental effect on alertness, productive performance, and liver function of broilers without a significant increase in mortality. Including CA-PFA in the diet improved productive performance compared to the basal diet from day 21 to the end of the trial, on day 42. While no influence in feed intake was detected for any treatment, CA-PFA improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P < 0.05) from day 21 to the end of the trial in healthy and CCl4-exposed birds. The results show that CA-PFA supplementation improves performance parameters in broilers with and without CCl4-induced liver damage, when compared to a basal diet and the addition of a standard commercial silymarin product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- R&D Department, Ilender Perú S.A., Lima, Peru; Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC.
| | - M Alejandro Valdes-Pena
- R&D Department, Ilender Perú S.A., Lima, Peru; Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Cribillero
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima, Peru; Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Katherine F Vargas Coca
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Eliana Icochea
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima, Peru
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Tedesco DEA, Guerrini A. Use of Milk Thistle in Farm and Companion Animals: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:584-607. [PMID: 36302565 DOI: 10.1055/a-1969-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is a medicinal plant grown for its bioactive compounds with well-documented antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle has a well-established pharmacological reputation for treatments of human liver disease, but it is also used in animals. This review summarizes the experimental evidence of milk thistle's effects on animals when administered as silymarin extract (feed additive) or a feed ingredient, if administered as seed or expeller/cake with the seed residue still containing the bioactive components. The use as a feed additive or feed ingredient is motivated by the complexity of silymarin registration as a veterinary drug. In farm animals, the drug improves the animals' performance and product quality and oxidative stability, supports liver function during the productive life-cycle, improves gut-health and morphology, and can reduce intestinal pathogens. In dogs and cats, the treatment is focused on acute and chronic liver diseases including the detoxification processes and support of drug treatments including chemotherapy. In equine athletes, milk seed cake showed positive effects and a faster return of cortisol to the resting values before exercise occurred. In aquaculture, it confirms its usefulness in supporting animal health and performance. In certain studies it is not clear what has been administered, and the composition and doses are not always clearly reported. A few studies reported no effects, but none reported problems connected to milk thistle administration. However, the overall picture shows that the use of milk thistle results in improved or restored health parameters or better animal performance.
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El-Garhy O, Soudy FA, Alharbi YM, Alshanbari FA, Almujaydil MS, Alhomaid RM, Ahmed-Farid OA, Mohamed SA, El-Garhy HAS, Barakat H, EL Nagar AG. Dietary Supplementation of Silybum marianum Seeds Improved Growth Performance and Upregulated Associated Gene Expression of Muscovy Ducklings ( Cairina moschata). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2300. [PMID: 36421486 PMCID: PMC9687607 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of feeding on diets supplemented with Silybum marianum L. dry seeds (SMS) on growth performance, mortality percentage, biochemical parameters, the expression profile of related genes, and genotoxic effect in Muscovy ducklings was evaluated during a brooding period of 4 weeks. Two hundred and forty one-day-old Muscovy ducks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (60 ducklings/group), the first group fed on basal diet with no additives (control), and the second (4 g kg-1), third (8 g kg-1), and fourth (12 g kg-1) groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 4, 8, and 12 g kg-1 diet SMS, respectively. A substantial improvement in live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), and growth rate (GR), and a decrease in feed conversion ratios (FCR) and mortality rate were shown in ducks fed a diet supplemented with either 8 g kg-1 or 12 g kg-1 SMS compared to the other groups. Relevant improvements in liver function, oxidative stress markers, purinergic cell energy, and brain appetite were recorded on ducklings fed diets supplemented with SMS. Moreover, diets which included 8 or 12 g kg-1 SMS positively upregulated the expression of growth hormone gene (GH) and antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, and CAT). These results are consistent with the increase in liver activity SOD and CAT enzymes, resulting in less DNA fragmentation. Consequently, all the aforementioned improvements in biochemical parameters and gene expression profiling may explain the superiority of the treated ducklings compared with the control group. Conclusively, the SMS could be used as a natural feed additive to promote health status and improve the growth performance of small grower ducks during the brooding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama El-Garhy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Fathia A. Soudy
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Yousef M. Alharbi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alshanbari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M. Alhomaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt
| | - Shereen A. Mohamed
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. S. El-Garhy
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Ayman G. EL Nagar
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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Using Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Extract to Improve the Welfare, Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091085. [PMID: 35565511 PMCID: PMC9104408 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The latest trends in livestock husbandry and breeding are directed towards expanding production, which includes the use of natural products, such as herbs, in animal nutrition. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of an aqueous solution of milk thistle administered at chosen concentrations on the welfare, production results, selected physicochemical properties of the breast muscles, the activity of selected enzymes, and the antioxidant potential of the blood serum and breast muscles of broiler chickens. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that both concentration levels of the milk thistle extract showed a significant effect on some of the growth performance, antioxidant capacity in the blood serum, and in pectoral muscle and welfare. Abstract Modern poultry production looks for feed and water additives that improve the welfare of chickens. The utilization of herbs as additives in feed or drinking water is becoming increasingly well known. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of milk thistle extract (Silybum marianum), administered in drinking water, on chickens’ welfare, production results, selected physicochemical properties of the breast muscles, the activity of selected enzymes, and the antioxidant potential of blood serum and breast muscles. A total of 102 one-day-old male ROSS 308 chicks were allocated into three treatment groups. The material was an infusion of dried milk thistle seeds in two doses, administered in drinking water for chickens (group: C = 0; E1 = 0.24; E2 = 0.36 g/day/animal) under standard rearing conditions. As a result of adding the milk thistle to the drinking water, there was an improvement in the welfare of the chickens and in the production results, enzymatic capacity of selected enzymes, and antioxidant capacity in the blood serum and in pectoral muscle (p ≤ 0.05). The addition of a milk thistle seed infusion for chickens can be used in poultry production to improve the rearing performance antioxidant capacity and welfare of chickens.
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Shanmugam S, Park JH, Sampath V, Kim IH. Inclusion of silymarin seed extract supplementation enhances the growth performance, meat quality, nutrients digestibility, and reduced gas emission in broiler. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1215-1222. [PMID: 35240024 PMCID: PMC9262731 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Zaker‐Esteghamati H, Seidavi A, Bouyeh M. The effects of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on growth, carcass and organ characteristics, immunity, blood constitutes, liver enzymes, jejunum morphology, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6692-6706. [PMID: 34925799 PMCID: PMC8645736 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of adding Cynara scolymus (CS) and Silybum marianum (SM) dry extract to the diet of broiler chickens, a 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Ten one-day-old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in each replicate. Experimental treatments included two levels of supplemental CS and MS, 250 and 500 mg/kg of dry extract of CS and SM, which were used in combination with a basal diet for 42 days. The 42-day trial was divided into 3 periods, 1-10 days, 11-24 days, and 25-42 days of age. The data were statistically analyzed using SAS software and means differences were tested for significance using Duncan's multiple-range test. The results showed that the effect of the experimental treatments was not significant on growth performance in the entire period (1-42 days), carcass characteristics, and weight of immunity organs. Feed cost per kilogram of live weight increased with supplemental of CS and SM (p < .01). Significant effects of CS and SM supplements were observed on antibody titer against influenza virus at 28 and 42 days and also on antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 35 and 42 days. Feeding 500 mg/kg of both CS and SM in the diet of broilers resulted in the highest villus height and width, crypt depth, and percentage of oleic and linolenic acids. The results of the present study suggest that feeding 250 and 500 mg/kg of dry extract of CS and SM in the diet may have positive effects on the traits studied, but to save feed costs, only250 mg/kg is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal ScienceRasht Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityRashtIran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal ScienceRasht Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityRashtIran
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Armanini EH, Boiago MM, Cécere BGDO, Oliveira PV, Teixeira CJS, Strapazzon JV, Bottari NB, Silva AD, Fracasso M, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, Gloria EMD, Horn VW, Mendes RE, Baldissera MD, Vedovatto M, Da Silva AS. Protective effects of silymarin in broiler feed contaminated by mycotoxins: growth performance, meat antioxidant status, and fatty acid profiles. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:442. [PMID: 34410508 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of silymarin in broiler feed was able to mitigate the adverse effects of mycotoxin on growth performance, health status, liver oxidative stress, and meat fatty acid profiles. A completely randomized design with four treatments, four repetitions, and 15 chicks per repetition was used, with the following groups: (a) feed without additives (NoMyc-NoSil), (b) feed supplemented with silymarin (NoMyc-Sil), (c) feed contaminated with mycotoxin (Myc-NoSil), and (d) feed contaminated with mycotoxin and supplemented with silymarin (Myc-Sil). Growth performance, intestinal and liver health, and meat quality were assessed. The consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxin delayed weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio; however, the addition of silymarin prevented these adverse effects on the chicken industry. Serum ALT activity was higher in Myc-NoSil broilers than in other groups. Intake of silymarin in healthy birds increased serum globulin concentration and reduced albumin concentration and ALT and AST serum activities compared to the Myc-NoSil group. The NoMyc-Sil birds had greater villus heights and crypt depths. Luminosity and water loss by cooking were affected by mycotoxin ingestion, changes that did not occur in the meat of birds that were supplemented with silymarin. The sum of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the meat did not change among treatments, unlike the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids higher in the meat of birds that consumed silymarin. We conclude that silymarin is a potential additive in broiler feed; it reduces impairment of growth performance at the end of the productive cycle, prevents oxidative stress, improves meat quality, and increases polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo H Armanini
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G de Oliveira Cécere
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos J S Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - João V Strapazzon
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Anielen D Silva
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor W Horn
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), SC, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), SC, Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
- Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Jahanian E, Mahdavi A, Jahanian R. Silymarin improved the growth performance via modulating the microbiota and mucosal immunity in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chicks. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Janocha A, Milczarek A, Pietrusiak D. Impact of Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) Seeds in Broiler Chicken Diets on Rearing Results, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1550. [PMID: 34073190 PMCID: PMC8227120 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies aimed to evaluate the impact of milk thistle seeds in broiler chicken feed rations on rearing results, carcass composition and meat quality. The experiment involved 120 broiler chickens randomly allocated to three equinumerous groups (C, MT02, MT23). Each group was divided into five subgroups of eight chickens each. Over the first 21 days of life the birds were fed starter rations, and over the following 21 days received grower rations. Chicken starter/grower diets in groups MT02 and MT23 were supplemented with ground seeds of milk thistle in the amount of 0/2% (MT02) and 2/3% (MT23). It was demonstrated that Silybum marianum added to feed rations over the whole rearing period (group MT23) increased above 3% the birds' body weight on rearing day 42. (p < 0.05) and decreased about 7% the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) in comparison to group C. No effect of feeding on the carcass composition was observed, including on muscularity and fattening grade, although diets containing milk thistle reduced (by 15% and 19% in group MT02 and MT23, respectively) the content of crude fat in chicken leg muscles (p < 0.05). The highest (p < 0.05) content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was determined in the breast (38.06%) and leg (37.63%) muscles of chicken receiving feed rations containing Silybum marianum throughout the rearing period. No effect of nutrition on the evaluated physical properties of muscles was observed, except on the decrease in lightness color (L*) and increase in values a* and C as well as a decrease of water holding capacity of the breast muscles. It was found that Silybum marianum in chicken diets had a positive effect on the evaluated meat flavor characteristics of the muscles. To sum up, based on the study results, including ground seeds of milk thistle in broiler chickens nutrition can be recommended in the amount of 2/3% in starter/grower diets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Milczarek
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Bolesława Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (A.J.); (D.P.)
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Faryadi S, Sheikhahmadi A, Farhadi A, Nourbakhsh H. Effects of silymarin and nano-silymarin on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during storage. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1975503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Faryadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ardashir Sheikhahmadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ayoub Farhadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Himan Nourbakhsh
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Egresi A, Süle K, Szentmihályi K, Blázovics A, Fehér E, Hagymási K, Fébel H. Impact of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the mycotoxin caused redox-homeostasis imbalance of ducks liver. Toxicon 2020; 187:181-187. [PMID: 32920016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) frequently contaminate grain crops, especially maize, the basis of poultry's feed. Mycotoxins enter the food chain and induce pathological changes in edible tissues. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been used for the treatment of liver disease in humans because of its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects, but its utility in veterinary use is poorly examined. To investigate possible protective properties against mycotoxin caused oxidative stress in poultry, pressed form of milk thistle seed (0.5%) was tested in white, female, Hungarian ducks over a feeding period of 47 days. Ducks were separated into 3 groups. The first group was fed with normal diet. The second group was fed with normal diet contaminated with DON (4.9 mg/kg) and ZEA (0.66 mg/kg). The third group received mycotoxin contaminated feed with milk thistle supplementation. Histological examination, markers of the redox status and metal element concentration measurements were carried out. The results showed alterations in the histological examination and in the redox homeostasis markers as a short-term effect by strengthening the antioxidant system. Acute exposure of mycotoxins caused an oxidative stress, which induced an effective antioxidant defensive response of the organism indicated by the free sulfhydryl group content (from 0.72 ± 0.06 to 0.77 ± 0.11) and the reducing power (0.49 ± 0.06 to 0.52 ± 0.08) elevation. The short-term free radical injury may be compensated by the liver resulting in decreased lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde concentration: from 16.86 ± 0.49 to 0.94 ± 0.15, conjugated diene concentration: from 0.21 ± 0.07 to 0.17 ± 0.03). Silymarin further strengthtened the antioxidant defense by the elevation of sulfhydryl groups concentration and reducing power property resulted in decreased total scavenger capacity. However the concentration of lipid peroxidation markers were further elevated by the used antioxidant treatment (MDA: 5.2 ± 0.35, DC: 0.26 ± 0.08). In conclusion, the mycotoxin-contamination activated effectively the antioxidant system. The milk thistle supplementation has cytoprotective effects according to the histological findings, activated the antioxidant system, however the elevation of lipid peroxidation products need further explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egresi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Süle
- Budapest Research Centre for the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacognosy Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Szentmihályi
- Budapest Research Centre for the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacognosy Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Blázovics
- Department of Pharmacognosy Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fehér
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hagymási
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Herceghalom, Hungary
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15
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wu SC. Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11644-11664. [PMID: 33045827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Impact of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seeds in fattener diets on pig performance and carcass traits and fatty acid profile and cholesterol of meat, backfat and liver. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Stastnik O, Pavlata L, Mrkvicova E. The Milk Thistle Seed Cakes and Hempseed Cakes are Potential Feed for Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081384. [PMID: 32785057 PMCID: PMC7459908 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this work were to summarize the nutritional value of the milk thistle seed cakes and hempseed cakes and describe the influence on selected performance parameters, metabolism and animal health from inclusion of these non-traditional feeds into diets. It seems more appropriate to apply the extract of the bioactive substances complex to the livestock diets than addition of expellers or other forms of plants processing. The seed expellers, etc. mostly worsened the chickens' performance parameters with higher doses in diets, while most of the work using the extract yields had positive results on animal performance.
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Hassanalizadeh Chari F, Akrami R, Ghelichi A, Ebrahimi P. The effect of Lavandula officinalis nanoemulsion on growth performance, body composition, haematology and immunity parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1794883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Akrami
- Department of Fisheries, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
| | - Afshin Ghelichi
- Department of Fisheries, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
| | - Pooneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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Zaker-Esteghamati H, Seidavi AR, Bouyeh M. A review on the effect of Silybum marianum and its derivatives on broilers under healthy and aflatoxicosis conditions: part 1: performance, carcass and meat characteristics, and intestinal microflora. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1740068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zaker-Esteghamati
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - A. R. Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - M. Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Quercetin improves immune function in Arbor Acre broilers through activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2020; 99:906-913. [PMID: 32029167 PMCID: PMC7587811 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, the main component of flavonoids, has a wide range of biological actions. Quercetin can be made into a variety of additives for practice, because of the stable chemical structure and water-soluble derivatives. This study was intended to explore the effects of quercetin on immune function and its regulatory mechanism in Arbor Acre broiler to provide a practical basis for improving poultry immune function and figure out the optimum supplementation as functional feed additives. A total of 240 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acre broilers, similar in body weight, were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates, 10 broilers in each replicate and fed with diets containing quercetin at 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06% for 6 wk. Blood and immune organs (spleen, thymus, and bursa) were collected from chickens at the end of the experiment. Growth performance, immune organs indexes, contents of serum immune molecules, splenic T lymphocyte proliferative responses, and expression of immune related genes were evaluated. The results showed that dietary quercetin had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance of broilers. Compared with control, 0.06% quercetin supplementation in diet significantly increased spleen index and thymus index (P < 0.05). It also increased the secretion of immune molecules including immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (P < 0.001), immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P = 0.007), complement component 4 (C4) (P = 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.05). On the other hand, 0.02% quercetin supplementation significantly increased complement component 3 (C3) (P < 0.05). Additionally, both 0.04 and 0.06% quercetin supplementation significantly increased expression of TNF-α, TNF receptor associated factor-2 (TRAF-2), TNF receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 subunit (NF-κBp65), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA (P < 0.05), and expression of NF-κB inhibitor-alpha (IκB-α) mRNA were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Thus, quercetin improved immune function via NF-κB signaling pathway triggered by TNF-α.
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22
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Šťastník O, Mrkvicová E, Pavlata L, Roztočilová A, Umlášková B, Anzenbacherová E. Performance, Biochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Hens Supplemented with Addition of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes in Diet. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Radko L, Cybulski W. The decrease of lasalocid residue in the edible tissues by silymarin supplementation of chicken diet. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:722-728. [PMID: 30973080 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1584406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of coccidiostats, in spite of beneficial control of protozoan infections in poultry, implies a risk of residues in edible tissues, and there is increasing interest in the development of strategies for prevention of veterinary drugs residue in food-producing animals. The aim of this study is assigned to clarify the impact of silymarin addendum in the diet on lasalocid concentration in the liver and breast muscles from the broiler. Four groups of chickens received a feed with lasalocid at levels between 75 and 200 mg kg-1. Other four groups received a feed with lasalocid (75-200 mg kg-1) plus silymarin. Significant differences of lasalocid concentrations between the liver and breast muscles were observed. Moreover, the chickens from the groups supplemented with silymarin shown significant decreases of lasalocid concentrations in the analysed tissues. The herbal substance did not counteract the ionophore in the treatment of coccidiosis and did not change biochemical parameters of blood. These findings suggest that silymarin might be used in chicken feeding in order to reduce the risk from lasalocid contamination of the broiler edible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Radko
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
| | - Wojciech Cybulski
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
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Hashemi Jabali NS, Mahdavi AH, Ansari Mahyari S, Sedghi M, Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R. Effects of milk thistle meal on performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:410-420. [PMID: 28608581 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of milk thistle meal on performance, blood biochemical indices, ileal bacterial counts and intestinal histology in laying hens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy. A total number of 200 Leghorn laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with five cage replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four levels of milk thistle meal (0%, 15%, 30% and 60%) and two levels of AMEn (11.09 and 12.34 MJ/kg) fed over a period of 80 days. In vitro studies revealed that the total phenolic component of milk thistle meal was 470.64 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the sample, and its antioxidant activity for inhibiting the 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrichydrazyl free radical and reducing ferric ions was about 21% higher than that of butylated hydroxyltoluene (p < .05). Diets containing high level of AMEn led to improved egg production (p < .05), egg weight (p < .05), egg mass (p < .01) and feed conversion ratio (p < .01). In addition, offering diets containing high energy significantly enhanced (p < .01) serum triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as jejunal villus height. Dietary supplementation of 3% milk thistle meal resulted in the best feed conversion ratio (p < .05), reduction of ileal Escherichia coli enumeration (p < .01) and an enhancement in the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < .05). Furthermore, feeding incremental levels of this meal led to remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA (p < .01) concentrations while significant increase in blood high-density lipoprotein content and goblet cell numbers (p < .05). The present findings indicate that milk thistle meal with high antioxidant and antibacterial properties in laying hen diets may improve health indices and productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Hashemi Jabali
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A H Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Ansari Mahyari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Sedghi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Martínez G, Diéguez SN, Rodríguez E, Decundo JM, Romanelli A, Fernández Paggi MB, Pérez Gaudio DS, Amanto FA, Soraci AL. Effect of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum extracts on bile production in pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1456441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Martínez
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Nelly Diéguez
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Rodríguez
- Área Estadística, Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta María Decundo
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Romanelli
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Fernández Paggi
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denisa Soledad Pérez Gaudio
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián Andrés Amanto
- Área de Producción Porcina, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Luis Soraci
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chambers CS, Holečková V, Petrásková L, Biedermann D, Valentová K, Buchta M, Křen V. The silymarin composition… and why does it matter??? Food Res Int 2017; 100:339-353. [PMID: 28964357 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)), known as silymarin, contains a variety of flavonolignans and displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective properties. As silybin is the main component of silymarin, the literature mainly focuses on this compound, ignoring all other components. This leads to problems in reproducibility of scientific results, as the exact composition of silymarin is often unknown and can vary to a certain degree depending on the processing, chemo-variety of the plant used and climatic conditions during the plant growth. There are studies dealing with the analytical separation and quantification of silymarin components as well as studies focused on silymarin content in clinically used drugs, in various plant parts, seasons, geographic locations etc. However, no comparison of detail flavonolignan profiles in various silymarin preparations is available to date. Also, as a result of the focus on the flavonolignans; the oil fraction, which contains linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, sterols, tocopherol (vitamin E) and phospholipids, has been neglected. Due to all these factors, the whole plant is used e.g. as animal feed, the leaves can be eaten in salads and seed oil, besides culinary uses, can be also utilized for biodiesel or polymer production. Various HPLC separation techniques for the determination of the content of the flavonolignans have been vastly summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Steven Chambers
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Holečková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Biedermann
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Buchta
- Stolařská 601/4, CZ74714 Ludgeřovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jahanian E, Mahdavi AH, Asgary S, Jahanian R. Effects of dietary inclusion of silymarin on performance, intestinal morphology and ileal bacterial count in aflatoxin-challenged broiler chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:e43-e54. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Jahanian
- Department of Animal Sciences; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - A. H. Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - S. Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center; Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - R. Jahanian
- Department of Animal Sciences; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
- Poultry Nutrition Research Center; Bioscitech Research Institute; Isfahan Iran
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Kosina P, Dokoupilová A, Janda K, Sládková K, Silberová P, Pivodová V, Ulrichová J. Effect of Silybum marianum fruit constituents on the health status of rabbits in repeated 42‐day fattening experiment. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cullere M, Dalle Zotte A, Celia C, Renteria-Monterrubio A, Gerencsér Z, Szendrő Z, Kovács M, Kachlek M, Matics Z. Effect of Silybum marianum herb on the productive performance, carcass traits and meat quality of growing rabbits. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Šťastník O, Jůzl M, Karásek F, Štenclová H, Nedomová Š, Pavlata L, Mrkvicová E, Doležal P, Jarošová A. The effect of feeding milk thistle seed cakes on quality indicators of broiler chickens meat. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seed cakes at dose 5% and 15% in feed mixture on quality indicators of broiler chickens meat. The used milk thistle seed cakes contained 3.73% of flavonolignans and 129.83 mg.kg-1 of cyanidin-3-glucoside. A 150 cockerels of Ross 308 were divided into three equal groups. The chickens were fattened on conventional deep litter system. The experimental groups received feed mixtures containing 5% of milk thistle seed cakes (MT5), 15% of milk thistle seed cakes (MT15) and third group was control - without milk thistle seed cakes (C). The trial lasted 37 days. At the end of trial was observed significant higher average weight of chickens (2,320.31 g) in control group. Compare to that the experimental group MT5 achieved significant lower mean bodyweight 2,166.69 g. From the perspective of fattening was decreased growth of chickens where a higher percentage of milk thistle seed cakes (MT15). The group MT15 was up to 420 g lower slaughter weight compared to the control group. This was probably due to the higher content of fiber in the feed. At the end of experiment 15 birds were selected randomly from each group, weighed and slaughtered. Feathers were removed and chickens were eviscerated. Carcass yield was calculated for each group like as percentage of live weight. The MT5 and MT15 group had significantly higher breast meat tenderness that the control group. Initial pH1 was highest in group with its middle addition of milk thistle seed cakes (MT5). Significant differences were not observed between control and group MT15. Breast meat was rated as the best in parameter flavour in control and MT15 group. The thigh meat was evaluated significantly best for colour parameter in MT15 group. Fibreness was rated as the finest in MT15 group. The addition of milk thistle seed cakes do not worsened sensory characteristic of breast or thigh meat of broilers and reflects optimal sensory quality traits.
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Surai PF, Fisinin VI, Karadas F. Antioxidant systems in chick embryo development. Part 1. Vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:1-11. [PMID: 29767100 PMCID: PMC5941026 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chick viability is known to be an important factor determining profitability of the poultry industry. Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and therefore need antioxidant defence. The antioxidant system of the developing embryo and newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), water-soluble antioxidants (ascorbic acid, taurine, carnitine, glutathione, etc.), fat-soluble antioxidants (vitamin E, carotenoids, coenzyme Q) as well as selenium (Se). In fact, the high levels of endogenous antioxidants within the egg and embryonic tissues can clearly serve as a major adaptive mechanism for the protection of the tissue during the oxidative stress experienced at hatching. It has been shown that among different nutrients in the maternal diet which could significantly affect chick embryo development and their viability in the early posthatch life, natural antioxidants have been suggested to play a central role. Our data indicate that increased supplementation of the maternal diet can substantially increase concentrations of vitamin E, carotenoids (especially canthaxanthin) and Se in developing chick tissues and significantly decrease susceptibility to lipid peroxidation being effective nutritional tools to deal with various commercial stresses in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Surai
- Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria.,Szent Istvan University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary.,Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine.,Odessa National Academy of Food Technology, Odessa 65039, Ukraine.,Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Fisinin
- Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia.,All-Russian Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Sergiev Posad 141311, Russia
| | - Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van 65080, Turkey
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Influence of dietary replacement of sunflower oil with milk thistle (Silybum marianum) oil on chicken meat quality and antioxidant status of liver. ACTA VET BRNO 2015. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201584040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The research focused on the effects of dietary replacement of 3% sunflower oil (SO group) with 3% milk thistle oil (MTO group) on the technological quality of meat, such as pH value, colour (CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*), drip loss (%), shear force (N), and cooking loss (%), as well as on the content of fatty acid lipids in broiler breast and thigh muscles. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was determined for pHi, pHu, CIE a*, CIE b* values between groups, although the values for the stated indicators were within the standard range. Lipids of breast meat of the MTO group contained more arachidic acid (P < 0.001), octadecenoic acid isomer B (P = 0.047) and eicosatrienoic acid (P = 0.041), and less α-linolenic acid (P < 0.001) and Σn-3PUFA. Lipids of thigh meat of the MTO group contained more ΣSFA, myristoleic acid, eicosatrienoic acid (P < 0.05) and eicosenoic acid (P < 0.001), and less α-linolenic acid, and had narrower Σn-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than the SO group. According to the antioxidant status of broiler liver, there was significantly higher catalase activity determined in the MTO group.
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Goliomytis M, Tsoureki D, Simitzis P, Charismiadou M, Hager-Theodorides A, Deligeorgis S. The effects of quercetin dietary supplementation on broiler growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative stability. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1957-62. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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LIU HW, TONG JM, ZHOU DW. Utilization of Chinese Herbal Feed Additives in Animal Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wallace RJ, Oleszek W, Franz C, Hahn I, Baser KHC, Mathe A, Teichmann K. Dietary plant bioactives for poultry health and productivity. Br Poult Sci 2011; 51:461-87. [PMID: 20924841 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.506908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. Plants and their biologically active chemical constituents, sometimes called secondary metabolites or bioactives, present numerous opportunities for the improvement of livestock production by inclusion in the diet. 2. Many such plant derived materials have well established therapeutic values in man; however, their potential as feed additives in animal production, particularly of poultry, remains largely unexploited. 3. There is increasing evidence indicating that they can be efficient in controlling diseases, and plant bioactives may also influence production parameters such as feed efficiency and product quality. 4. It has been reported that they may even replicate some of the effects of antibiotic growth promoters, which were banned from use in Europe from 2006. 5. This review assesses the status of plant bioactives in poultry production and their mode of action on avian physiology, particularly in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wallace
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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Blevins S, Siegel PB, Blodgett DJ, Ehrich M, Saunders GK, Lewis RM. Effects of silymarin on gossypol toxicosis in divergent lines of chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1878-86. [PMID: 20709972 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol, a pigment of cotton, is a hepatic toxin for chickens. Thus, despite its high protein content, inclusion of cottonseed meal in poultry diets is problematic. Silymarin, an extract from milk thistle, has hepatoprotective qualities and could potentially serve as a feed additive to offset the toxicity of gossypol. The objective of this study was to determine if silymarin could counteract gossypol toxicosis. Cockerels (n = 144) from lines divergently selected for humoral immunity were used. Three individuals from each line were randomly assigned to a cage and fed a corn-soybean meal (control) diet for 14 d. Six cages per line were then randomly assigned 1 of 4 dietary treatments (1,000 mg/kg of gossypol, 1,000 mg/kg of silymarin, 1,000 mg/kg of both gossypol and silymarin, or a control diet). Body weight and feed intake data were collected for 21 d, with chickens bled weekly to collect plasma and determine hematocrits. Chickens were then killed, and livers were collected for subsequent histology and enzymatic activity analyses. Endpoints measured weekly were analyzed with repeated measures and regression methodologies. Plasma and liver enzyme activities, and histological measures, were analyzed using ANOVA. No significant interactions between diets and lines were observed. Chickens assigned to the gossypol and gossypol-silymarin diets stopped gaining weight at d 14 (P < 0.001) and lost weight by d 21 (P < 0.001). Gamma glutamyltransferase was also elevated in these chickens at d 14; activities increased further by d 21 (P < 0.001). Histological examination of liver slices indicated substantial lipidosis (P < 0.001). Furthermore, quinone reductase activity was higher in gossypol- and gossypol-silymarin-treated chickens than in control and silymarin-treated chickens (P < 0.001). Silymarin did not alleviate any clinical effects of gossypol toxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blevins
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Bou R, Codony R, Tres A, Decker EA, Guardiola F. Dietary strategies to improve nutritional value, oxidative stability, and sensory properties of poultry products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 49:800-22. [PMID: 20443160 DOI: 10.1080/10408390902911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Consumers demand both safer and more nutritious food products exempt of non-natural origin preservatives or other food additives. In this frame, products with lower fat content and/or a higher ratio in unsaturated fatty acids, especially n-3 fatty acids, are desired because these lipids can help prevent the development of cardiovascular and inflammatory pathologies. The intake of meat products is of interest because they are an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. In addition, the shelf-life of meat products can be extended by the presence of natural antioxidants coming from different sources such as plant extracts. Therefore, different strategies have been studied to improve the nutritional value, oxidative stability, and sensory characteristics of meat products and eggs through different mineral and natural dietary supplements. In comparison to other strategies, dietary supplements present the advantage that first the living animals may efficiently distribute the compounds throughout the tissues and second, the dietary supplementation is safer because the resulting enriched meat products and eggs ensure tolerable amounts in humans. Poultry meats and eggs are widely consumed and their fatty acid profile and tocopherol content can be easily modified through different dietary strategies thus being excellent models to improve their nutritional value and oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Bou
- Nutrition and Food Science Department-XaRTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ricard
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Erener G, Altop A, Ocak N, Aksoy H, Cankaya S, Ozturk E. Influence of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa L.) and Seed Extract on Broilers Performance and Total Coliform Bacteria Count. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2010.128.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim YR, Lee BK, Kim JY, Kim JS, Lee WS, Lee SY, Kim EJ, Ahn BK, Kang CW. Effects of Dietary Locally Grown Herbs (Mentha piperascens, Rubus coreanus, Tagetes patula) on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2009. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ozturk E, Ocak N, Coskun I, Turhan S, Erener G. Effects of humic substances supplementation provided through drinking water on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 94:78-85. [PMID: 19175461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of humic substances (HS) in waterer pan on broiler performances and meat quality. For the trial, 480 chicks (ROSS 308) were allocated into four groups (HS0, HS150, HS300 and HS450) of 120 equally mixed-sex birds, each receiving a drinking water supplemented with 0, 150, 300 and 450 ppm of a humic acid (provided by 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of HS, v/v) respectively. At the age of 21 and 42 days, feed consumption and live weight were taken. At the age of 42 days, 16 birds per treatment were slaughtered, dressing percentages, digestive tract traits were evaluated and samples of breast (pectoralis major) and thigh (iliotibialis) meat were taken to evaluate the changes in colour characteristics (CIE L*, a* and b*) and chemical composition. The body weight gain increased by the HS300 in relation to the HS0 and HS450, and decreased by the HS450 in relation to the HS0. The feed consumption of birds in the HS450 and feed efficiency of birds in the HS300 were lower and higher than those in the other treatments respectively. The carcass weight of broilers in the HS150 and HS300 were higher than those of in the HS0 and HS450. The carcass weight decreased by the HS450 in relation to the other treatments. The dressing percentage increased by the HS150 in relation to the HS450. The HS450 resulted in breast and thigh meat colour that were lighter than those found in the HS0 birds. The HS450 increased fat content of thigh meat in relation to the HS0. It was concluded that the humic acid supplementation at 300 ppm and 450 ppm appears to have a measurable impact on live performance improving feed efficiency and lightness of breast and thigh meat colours in broilers respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ozturk
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Ocak N, Sivri F. Liver colourations as well as performance and digestive tract characteristics of broilers may change as influenced by stage and schedule of feed restriction. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 92:546-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:E140-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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