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Anirudhan A, Iryani MTM, Andriani Y, Sorgeloos P, Tan MP, Wong LL, Mok WJ, Ming W, Yantao L, Lau CC, Sung YY. The effects of Pandanus tectorius leaf extract on the resistance of White-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei towards pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100101. [PMID: 37397801 PMCID: PMC10313901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandanus tectorius leaf extract effect on the White-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei tolerance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus were investigated in this study. Thirty shrimp post-larvae measured at approximately 1 cm were exposed for 24 h to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/L leaf extract and subsequently observed for survival and immune-related genes expression (Hsp70, ProPO, peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin and transglutaminase), followed by determination of their tolerance and histological tissue profiles upon Vibrio challenge. Survival of shrimps treated with 6 g/L of leaf extract improved by up to 95% to controls. Hsp70, crustin, and prophenoloxidase mRNA levels were observed to be 8.5, 10.4, and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. Histopathological analysis of the hepatopancreas and the muscle tissues revealed major tissue degeneration in Vibrio-challenged shrimps but not in shrimps primed with P. tectorius leaf extract. Of all the dose examined, the best pathogen resistance results were obtained with a 24 h incubation of shrimp in 6 g/L P. tectorius methanolic leaf extract. The tolerance towards V. parahaemolyticus might be associated with the increased regulation of Hsp70, prophenoloxidase and crustin upon exposure to the extract, all immune-related proteins essential for pathogen elimination in Penaeid shrimp. The present study primarily demonstrated that P. tectorius leaf extract is a viable alternative for enhancing P. vannamei post-larvae resistance against V. parahaemolyticus, a major bacterial pathogen in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Anirudhan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Mat Taib Mimi Iryani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Campus Coupure - Blok F, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Min Pau Tan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jye Mok
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Wang Ming
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Liang Yantao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Cher Chien Lau
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- UMT-OUC Joint Academic Center for Marine Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
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Yousuf S, Tyagi A, Singh R. Probiotic Supplementation as an Emerging Alternative to Chemical Therapeutics in Finfish Aquaculture: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1151-1168. [PMID: 35904730 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a promising food sector to fulfil nutritional requirements of growing human population. Live weight aquaculture production reached up to 114.5 million tonnes in 2018 and it is further expected to grow by 32% by year 2030. Among total aquaculture production, major product harvested is finfish and its contribution has reached 46% in recent years. Frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases create obstacle in finfish production, result in economic losses to the farmers and threaten the sustainability of aquaculture industry itself. In spite of following the best management practices, the use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics and phytochemicals often become the method of choice in finfish culture. Among these, phytochemicals have shown lesser effect in animal welfare while antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics have led to negative consequences like emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and accumulation of residues in host and culture system, resulting in quality degradation of aqua products. Making use of probiotics as viable alternative has paved a way for sustainable aquaculture and minimise the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics that pose adverse effect on host and culture system. This review paper elucidates the knowledge about antibiotics and other chemicals, compilation of probiotics and their effects on health status of finfish as well as overall culture environment. Besides, concoction of probiotics and prebiotics for simultaneous application has also been discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufiara Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Tang X, Fu J, Yao Y, Xu M. Identification and characterization of immune-related microRNAs in hybrid snakehead(Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂)after treated by Echinacea purpurea (Linn.) Moench. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108653. [PMID: 36868540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (Linn.) Moench (EP) is a globally popular herbal medicine, which showed effects on growth promotion, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in fish culture world widely. However, there are few studies about the effects on miRNAs by EP in fish. The hybrid snakehead fish (Channa maculate♀ × Channa argus ♂) was new important economic specie of freshwater aquaculture in China with high market value and demand while there were only a few reports about its miRNAs. To overview immune-related miRNAs of the hybrid snakehead fish and to further understand the immune regulating mechanism of EP, we herein constructed and analyzed three small RNA libraries of immune tissues including liver, spleen and head kidney of the fish with or without EP treatment via Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that EP can affect the immune activities of fish by the miRNA-regulated ways. Totally, 67 (47 up and 20 down) miRNAs in liver, 138 (55 up and 83 down) miRNAs in spleen, and 251 (15 up and 236 down) miRNAs in spleen were detected, as well as 30, 60, 139 kinds of immune-related miRNAs belonging to 22, 35 and 66 families of the three tissues respectively. The expressions of 8 immune-related miRNA family members were found in all the three tissues, including miR-10, miR-133, miR-22 and etc. Some miRNAs have been identified involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses, such as the miR-125, miR-138, and miR-181 family. Ten miRNA families with antioxidant target genes were also discovered, including miR-125, miR-1306, and miR-138, etc. Results from Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis further confirmed there are a majority immune response targets of the miRNAs involved in the EP treatment process. Our study deepened understanding roles of miRNAs in fish immune system and provides new ideas for the study of immune mechanism of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Tang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jinghua Fu
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya Yao
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minjun Xu
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M'diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement. Life (Basel) 2022; 13:life13010110. [PMID: 36676059 PMCID: PMC9862771 DOI: 10.3390/life13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, aquaculture contributes to sustainable food and nutritional stability. However, stress conditions constitute a major threat affecting farmed-fish welfare and fish farms’ performances. In this regard, the present study was aimed at measuring and comparing in-situ (offshore) the physiological stress responses caused by recurrent sampling operations for length−weight measurement. Studied fish were European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax sub-adults and adults reared in intensive farming conditions in M’diq Bay, on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. The physiological stress response was evaluated by measuring blood biomarkers, including cortisol, glucose, lactate, total cholesterol and total proteins levels, and hematocrit percentage. The hypercortisolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlactatemia and hypoproteinemia detected in the post-sampling state in both age groups of D. labrax indicated stress tendencies and a high sensitivity to aquaculture practice-related stress factors, with major and minor responses detected in the same age and same stress conditions. It is also interesting to note that the fish age and the time-course of the sampling operation had a statistically significant effect in terms of the physiological response (with p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the present study showed that sea bass subjected to various stressful situations in intensive farming conditions displayed a physiological stress response specific to its age, to the individual status, as well as to the duration of stressor.
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Jahanbakhshi A, Pourmozaffar S, Adeshina I, Vayghan AH, Reverter M. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth, enzymological and biochemical responses and immune-related gene expressions in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:947-956. [PMID: 35436379 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, growth performance, biochemical constituents of muscle, activities of enzymes in the haemolymph, and expressions of immune-related genes were evaluated in the giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed diets supplemented with aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract at 0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg (w/w) for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly improved in garlic-fed prawn groups compared with the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the garlic-fed groups than in the control (p < 0.05). Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the hepatopancreas, activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and levels of albumin and total protein in the hemolymph were significantly increased in the garlic treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, garlic supplemented diets improved muscle biochemical profiles, particularly contents of crude protein and total ash and upregulations of immune deficiency and heat shock proteins (HSP70) gene expression (p < 0.05). Therefore, garlic has positive effects on growth performance and physio-biochemical responses of M. rosenbergii, and thus, it can be used as an additive for stress resistance and as a growth promoter in sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi
- Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
| | - Sajjad Pourmozaffar
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ali Haghi Vayghan
- Department of Ecology & Aquatic Stocks Management, Artemia & Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Miriam Reverter
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, UK
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Medicinal Plant Feed Additives Enhanced Survivability and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) against Bacterial Infection. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth performance and survivability enhancement potential of some medicinal plant feed additives for combatting Pseudomonad infections in Clarias gariepinus were evaluated. Three medicinal plants (5 g/kg Allium sativum, 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata and 10 g/kg Talinum triangulare) were incorporated separately into a basic diet. Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (n = 150, 53.05 ± 0.23 g), randomised into four groups, were fed for 42 days. The control group was fed with a non-supplemented diet. Growth parameters were determined and thereafter ten fish from each group, randomly selected, were inoculated intraperitoneally with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.2 mL culture containing 1.4 × 106 cfu/mL). Their survivability was observed for 7 days based on mortality rate and relative level of protection (RLP). Mean weight gains were higher in all treated groups and significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group of fish fed with 5 g/kg Allium sativum diet compared with the control. The lowest mortality rate (20%) and highest RLP (75) was recorded in the group fed with10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata. The results suggest that medicinal plant feed additives enhanced growth and survival of the cultured Clarias gariepinus. The study recommends 5 g/kg Allium sativum and 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata diet supplementations as an effective growth promoter and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa agent, respectively, for Clarias gariepinus production.
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Dietary silymarin, Silybum marianum extract ameliorates cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study evaluated the protective effects of silymarin extract (SIE) on cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four experimental group were considered for the experiment including: SIE0 (control): non-SIE-supplemented fish, SIE1: fish supplemented with 400 mg SIE/kg diet, SIE2: fish supplemented with1400mg SIE/kg diet, SIE3: fish supplemented with 2400 mg SIE/kg diet). Fish were fed experimental diet for 60 days and then exposed to cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/l or 25% of LC50–96 h) and antioxidant defense components and the survival rate assayed. After 60 days feeding trial, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels significantly increased (P<0.01) in 1400–2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatments compared to those in control and 400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) (P>0.01) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels (P>0.01) remained unchanged during the feeding period in all treatments. Hepatic catalase (CAT) in all SIE supplemented groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in 1400–2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatments significantly elevated (P<0.01) in response to SIE. Plasma levels of hepatic metabolic enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ] remained unchanged (P>0.01) in all experimental groups over feeding period. After exposure to cadmium chloride, TAC levels were significantly elevated (P<0.01) in all experimental groups. In control and 400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment, TAC showed lower levels (P<0.01) compared to other groups. MDA levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in control and fish supplemented with 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. TAC in the fish of 2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment remained unchanged (P>0.01), following the exposure. CAT (P<0.01), SOD (P<0.01) and GPx (P<0.01) were significantly elevated in response to cadmium chloride in all groups. However, the treatments, 1400 and 2400 mg SIE/kg diet, showed lower increases (P<0.01) of enzymes. AChE activity (P<0.01) in the liver were significantly decreased in control and fish fed 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. Exposure to cadmium significantly increased (P<0.01) the plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in control and those fed 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. The findings of the current study indicated that SIE at a rate of 1400–2400mg/kg diet might enhance antioxidant defense and protect hepatocytes against toxic effects of cadmium.
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Gabriel NN, Wilhelm MR, Habte-Tsion HM, Chimwamurombe P, Omoregie E. The effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) and Aloe vera crude extract mixtures supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, whole body composition, and survival at low pH in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Nagoor Meeran M, Javed H, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Kumar S, Jha NK, Ojha S. Can Echinacea be a potential candidate to target immunity, inflammation, and infection - The trinity of coronavirus disease 2019. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05990. [PMID: 33585706 PMCID: PMC7870107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing public health emergency. The pathogenesis and complications advanced with infection mainly involve immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy relies on immune modulation, reducing infectivity and inflammation. Given the interplay of infection and immune-inflammatory axis, the natural products received attention for preventive and therapeutic usage in COVID-19 due to their potent antiviral and anti-immunomodulatory activities. Recently, Echinacea preparations, particularly E. purpurea, have been suggested to be an important antiviral agent to be useful in COVID-19 by modulating virus entry, internalization and replication. In principle, the immune response and the resultant inflammatory process are important for the elimination of the infection, but may have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and may play a role in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19. Considering the pharmacological effects, therapeutic potential, and molecular mechanisms of Echinacea, we hypothesize that it could be a reasonably possible candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19 with recent recognition of cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mediated mechanisms of bioactive components that make them notable immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral agent. The plausible reason for our hypothesis is that the presence of numerous bioactive agents in different parts of plants that may synergistically exert polypharmacological actions in regulating immune-inflammatory axis in COVID-19. Our proposition is to scientifically contemplate the therapeutic perspective and prospect of Echinacea on infection, immunity, and inflammation with a potential in COVID-19 to limit the severity and progression of the disease. Based on the clinical usage for respiratory infections, and relative safety in humans, further studies for the evidence-based approach to COVID-19 are needed. We do hope that Echinacea could be a candidate agent for immunomodulation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Hematology/Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Jalali A, Dabaghian F, Akbrialiabad H, Foroughinia F, Zarshenas MM. A pharmacology-based comprehensive review on medicinal plants and phytoactive constituents possibly effective in the management of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1925-1938. [PMID: 33159391 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arisen in China, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-II) is a novel coronavirus that has been expanding fast worldwide. Till now, no definite remedial drug or vaccine has been identified for COVID-19 treatment. Still, for a majority of infected patients, supportive therapy is the cornerstone of the management plan. To the importance of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, this article proposed to collecting capable medicinal plants and bioactive components in both treat and supportive therapy of this novel viral infection. Clinical points in the pathogenesis, symptoms, and complications of COVID-19 were considered. The effective plants and bioactives that may play a role in supportive therapy/management of COVID-19 were searched, collected through the "Scopus" database and listed in three sections. Numerous medicinal plants such as Citrus Spp., Camellia sinensis, and Glycyrrhiza glabra can interference with COVID-19 pathogenesis via inhibition of virus replication and entry to its host cells. Also, some anti-inflammatory herbal medicine such as Andrographis paniculata, Citrus spp., and Cuminum cyminum can relieve fever and cough in COVID-19 patients. Medicinal plants such as G. glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Allium sativum, Althea officinalis, and Panax ginseng may modulate the immune system and possess prevention and supportive therapy. However, more clinical data are required to confirm these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jalali
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Dabaghian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbrialiabad
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Foroughinia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Huang W, Yao C, Liu Y, Xu N, Yin Z, Xu W, Miao Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Dietary Allicin Improved the Survival and Growth of Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) Larvae via Promoting Intestinal Development, Alleviating Inflammation and Enhancing Appetite. Front Physiol 2020; 11:587674. [PMID: 33162901 PMCID: PMC7583326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate effects of dietary allicin on survival, growth, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity and expression of inflammatory and appetite related genes in large yellow croaker larvae. Four iso-nitrogenous (53% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (19% crude lipid) diets were formulated via supplementing graded levels of allicin (0.0 (the control), 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02% dry diet, respectively). Results showed that, among dietary treatments, larvae fed the diet with 0.005% allicin had the highest survival rate (SR) (P < 0.05), while larvae fed the diet with 0.01% allicin had the highest specific growth rate (SGR) (P < 0.05). Activities of α-amylase in both pancreatic (PS) and intestine segments (IS) of larvae fed the diet with 0.01% allicin were significantly lower than that in the control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the supplementation of 0.01% allicin in diets significantly increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) of larvae than the control (P < 0.05), indicating the promoting roles of allicin on fish larval intestinal development. Moreover, compared to the control, both the nitric oxide (NO) content and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were significantly up-regulated in larvae fed the diet with 0.005% allicin, and catalase (CAT) were significantly upregulated in larvae fed the diet with 0.02% allicin (P < 0.05). Transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), interleukin-1β (il-1β) and interleukin-6 (il-6) significantly decreased with increasing allicin, compared to the control. The expression of appetite genes including npy, ghrelin and leptin significantly increased with the prolonged fasting period, and dietary allicin supplementation significantly increased the transcriptional level of neuropeptide Y (npy) at 0.01%, while increased the transcriptional level of leptin in larvae at 0.02% dosages (P < 0.05). These results showed that the supplementation of 0.005% – 0.01% allicin in diets could improve the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae probably by promoting intestinal development, alleviating inflammation and enhancing appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Youqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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12
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Adineh H, Harsij M, Jafaryan H, Asadi M. The effects of microencapsulated garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth performance, body composition, immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1808473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Adineh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Mohammad Harsij
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Jafaryan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
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13
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Ahmadniaye Motlagh H, Safari O, Selahvarzi Y, Baghalian A, Kia E. Non-specific immunity promotion in response to garlic extract supplemented diets in female Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:96-99. [PMID: 31841692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract on skin mucus immune parameters of Poecilia reticulata was evaluated. A total of 240 P. reticulate juveniles, weighing 0.013 ± 0.001 g, were randomly stocked in 12 experimental glass tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. The fish were fed with diets supplemented with garlic extract at the concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ml kg-1 of diet three times a day at a ratio of 2.5% of their body weight for 80 days. Results of the study showed that, lysozyme activity increased significantly in the skin mucus of garlic-treated Guppy (P < 0.05). Values of ACH50 significantly increased (P < 0.05) in fish by increasing concentration of garlic extract from 0 to 0.15 ml kg-1 in diet. ACH50 also showed a significant declining trend (P < 0.05) by increasing concentration of garlic extract from 0.15 to 0.20 ml kg-1. Total Ig content was enhanced significantly in 0.15 and 0.20 ml kg-1 treatments as well. ALP activity significantly increased in garlic-fed treatments compared to the control. Inclusion of garlic extract in diet was found to have no significant effect on final body weight and weight gain. Results revealed that, administration of 0.15 mL of garlic extract per kg feed is suggested to obtain optimal skin mucus immunity in P. reticulata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Selahvarzi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Baghalian
- Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Kia
- Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Dietary phytogenics and galactomannan oligosaccharides in low fish meal and fish oil-based diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles: Effects on gut health and implications on in vivo gut bacterial translocation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222063. [PMID: 31532807 PMCID: PMC6750610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
European sea bass were fed four low FM/FO (10%/6%) diets containing galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS), a mixture of garlic oil and labiatae plants oils (PHYTO), or a combination of both functional products (GMOSPHYTO) for 63 days before exposing the fish to an intestinal Vibrio anguillarum infection combined with crowding stress. In order to evaluate functional diets efficacy in terms of gut health maintenance, structural, cellular, and immune intestinal status were evaluated by optical and electron microscopy and gene expression analyses. A semi-automated software was adapted to determine variations in goblet cell area and mucosal mucus coverage during the challenge test. Feeding with functional diets did not affect growth performance; however, PHYTO and GMOS dietary inclusion reduced European sea bass susceptibility to V. anguillarum after 7 days of challenge testing. Rectum (post-ileorectal valve) showed longer (p = 0.001) folds than posterior gut (pre-ileorectal valve), whereas posterior gut had thicker submucosa (p = 0.001) and higher mucus coverage as a result of an increased cell density than rectum. Functional diets did not affect mucosal fold length or the grade of granulocytes and lymphocytes infiltration in either intestinal segment. However, the posterior gut fold area covered by goblet cells was smaller in fish fed GMOS (F = 14.53; p = 0.001) and PHYTO (F = 5.52; p = 0.019) than for the other diets. PHYTO (F = 3.95; p = 0.049) reduced posterior gut goblet cell size and increased rodlet cell density (F = 3.604; p = 0.068). Dietary GMOS reduced submucosal thickness (F = 51.31; p = 0.001) and increased rodlet cell density (F = 3.604; p = 0.068) in rectum. Structural TEM analyses revealed a normal intestinal morphological pattern, but the use of GMOS increased rectum microvilli length, whereas the use of PHYTO increased (p≤0.10) Ocln, N-Cad and Cad-17 posterior gut gene expression. After bacterial intestinal inoculation, posterior gut of fish fed PHYTO responded in a more controlled and belated way in terms of goblet cell size and mucus coverage in comparison to other treatments. For rectum, the pattern of response was similar for all dietary treatments, however fish fed GMOS maintained goblet cell size along the challenge test.
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15
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Rafieepour A, Hajirezaee S, Rahimi R. Dietary oregano extract (Origanum vulgare L.) enhances the antioxidant defence in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss against toxicity induced by organophosphorus pesticide, diazinon. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1550092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rafieepour
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Hajirezaee
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Rahimi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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16
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Öz M. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplemented fish diet on sensory, chemical and microbiological properties of rainbow trout during storage at −18 °C. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Fadel A, Mabrok M, Aly S. Epizootics of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica among cultured seabream (Sparus aurata) populations: Control and treatment strategies. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:1-8. [PMID: 29673977 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was investigating the clinical pictures, prevalence, as well as the ecological conditions associated with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica outbreaks in four cultured seabream, Sparus aurata farms at different localities in Egypt during winter of 2016. The phenotypic and genotypic patterns of Pseudomonas isolates were investigated. The existence of intraspecific heterogeneity among different isolates was analyzed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Attempts on disease control using antibiogram or dietary supplement were also considered. To achieve these goals, various commercial antibiotic discs were analyzed against Ps. anguilliseptica isolates using the disc diffusion method. Additionally, the impact of one-month dietary incorporation with 3% garlic extract or 0.5% potassium diformate on S. aurata viability and response for prolonged bathing treatment with florfenicol was evaluated following challenge with the virulent strain of Ps. anguilliseptica. Most of the naturally infected fish displayed spiral-swimming behavior with no obvious external lesions. The prevalence of infections in the four investigated farms (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were 44.9, 69.04, 67.72, and 83.4%, respectively. Water analysis revealed a significant variation in total hardness, pH, dissolved oxygen (D.O), ammonia and salinity among different localities. All isolates were rather uniform in most of the biochemical characteristics and were identical on the basis of RFLP analysis. The analyses of PAF-PAR gene pointed out specific amplification bands of 439 bp length. The antibiogram revealed a potential activity of florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and oxytetracycline against all isolates. Experimentally challenged fish fed on garlic extract or potassium diformate presented lower mortality and better therapeutic response to florfenicol than those fed on a normal basal diet. In conclusion, Ps. anguilliseptica is a prevalent pathogen among cultured seabream where dietary inclusion of 3% garlic extract or 0.5% potassium diformate seemed to improve seabream health status and subsequently, increase the efficacy of the treatment with the selective antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fadel
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mabrok
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Salah Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
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18
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Saiyad Musthafa M, Asgari SM, Kurian A, Elumalai P, Jawahar Ali AR, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK. Protective efficacy of Mucuna pruriens (L.) seed meal enriched diet on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:374-380. [PMID: 29458093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of Mucuna pruriens (L.) seed meal diet on growth performance, innate immune response, and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported for the first time. Infected O. mossambicus was fed with 2 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1, and 6 g kg-1 of M. pruriens seed meal diets significantly increased initial body weight (IBW) and final body weight (FBW) over control, for a period of 4 weeks. At 4 g kg-1 and 6 g kg-1 the enriched diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the survival rate, weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE) when compared to the control; besides, from weeks 2-4 these diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the complement activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and lysosome activity. On being fed with 4 g kg-1 and 6 g kg-1-enriched diets the cumulative mortality was lower (10% and 12%) than with 2 g kg-1 diet (24%). The present investigation suggests that the enriched diet at 4 g kg-1 and 6 g kg-1 improved the growth performance more than that of the control and negative control; it also positively enhanced the innate immunity and disease resistance against A. hydrophilla in O. mossambicus. Hence M. pruriens can be used as a feed additive to stimulate immunity for effective production of economically valuable freshwater fish, O. mossambicus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Mohideen Asgari
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai, 600014, Tamil Nadu, India; P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, J.B.A.S College for Women, Chennai, 600018, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Amitha Kurian
- Department of Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Cochin, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Cochin, 682506, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Ferreira PMF, Caldas DW, Salaro AL, Sartori SSR, Oliveira JM, Cardoso AJS, Zuanon JAS. Intestinal and liver morphometry of the Yellow Tail Tetra (Astyanax altiparanae) fed with oregano oil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 88:911-22. [PMID: 27331801 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oregano oil on the intestinal and liver morphometry of yellow tail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae. Fish (1.46 ± 0.09 g) were kept in a 60-L aquaria, at a stocking density of 0.5 fi sh L-1. Six diets containing varying amounts of oregano oil were evaluated (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 g of oregano oil kg-1). At the end of 90 days, the fi sh were euthanised. Four intestines and four livers were collected per treatment, which were fi xed in Bouin and embedded in resin. For height and width folds, the absorption surface area and thickness of the muscular layer a positive linear effect of oregano oil was observed. A decrescent linear effect on the total number of goblet cells was also observed. For the cytoplasmic percentage of hepatocytes and liver glycogen, a positive linear effect of oregano oil was observed. There was a decreasing linear effect on the percentage of nuclei in the hepatocytes and capillaries. Thus, the oregano essential oil promotes increased absorption areas, modulates the amount of goblet cells involved in protecting the intestinal mucosa and promotes cytoplasmic increase with greater deposition of liver glycogen in yellow tail tetra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna M F Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
| | - Débora W Caldas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Salaro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
| | - Sirlene S R Sartori
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
| | - Jerusa M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
| | - Alex J S Cardoso
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
| | - Jener A S Zuanon
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG , Brazil
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20
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Active polyphenolic compounds, nutrient contents and antioxidant capacity of extruded fish feed containing purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 26:24-30. [PMID: 30622403 PMCID: PMC6318779 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of fish is directly dependent on feed composition and quality. Medicinal plants can be added to fish feed as adjuvant therapy for the prevention of fish diseases. The purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) has been reported to have multiple biological effects, including immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity. The most active compounds of E. purpurea are polyphenols - caffeic acid derivatives: caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cynarin, echinacoside and cichoric acid. Due to a relatively limited number of studies on the use of the purple coneflower as a nutritional supplement for fish feeding, extruded fish feed with addition of Echinacea roots was produced. In the feed total phenolic content, selected polyphenol contents, the energetic value, nutrient contents and antioxidant capacity were examined. The results indicate that fish feed with addition of the Echinacea has a great potential to be a good source of natural radical scavengers, for example polyphenols, and nutritive ingredients. Antioxidant properties of feed were well correlated with the coneflower content. The study findings confirmed that high-temperature extrusion-cooking process does not deactivate phenolic antioxidant compounds, which are present both in the Echinacea roots and in the final product. Fish feed with addition of E. purpurea can be used as a nutritional supplement in the prevention of fish diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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21
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Kakoolaki S, Akbary P, Zorriehzahra MJ, Salehi H, Sepahdari A, Afsharnasab M, Mehrabi MR, Jadgal S. Camellia sinensis supplemented diet enhances the innate non-specific responses, haematological parameters and growth performance in Mugil cephalus against Photobacterium damselae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:379-385. [PMID: 27582289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of Camellia sinensis leaf-extract on non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Mugil cephalus fingerling against P. damselae. Fish were fed with 0 (unsupplemented), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of green tea extract (GTE) supplemented diets. Results indicated that GTE decreased mortality in M. cephalus in a dose-dependent manner after challenge with P. damselae. Haematological parameters containing RBC, Hct, Hb and WBC and growth performance (weight gain) showed remarkable changes in comparison with control group. In addition, the phagocytic (PA) and respiratory burst activity (RBA) significantly increased in M. cephalus, fed 100 and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg GTE, respectively. Lysozyme statistically increased in GTE supplemented fish. Overall, our results indicated that incorporation of C. sinensis supplemented diet at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses significantly enhanced the immune responses in M. cephalus and that the mortality percentage could be remarkably reduced after challenging the fish against P. damselae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shapour Kakoolaki
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Paria Akbary
- Department of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Fisheries Group, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Mohamad Jalil Zorriehzahra
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Salehi
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Sepahdari
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Afsharnasab
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Mehrabi
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Salim Jadgal
- Offshore Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
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22
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Salah MA, Mohamed AAZ, Arshad HR, Mohamed F, Nashwa MAA. Trials to improve the response of Orechromis niloticus to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine using immunostimulants (garlic, Echinacea) and probiotics (Organic GreenTM and Vet-YeastTM). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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23
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Ghehdarijani MS, Hajimoradloo A, Ghorbani R, Roohi Z. The effects of garlic-supplemented diets on skin mucosal immune responses, stress resistance and growth performance of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:79-83. [PMID: 26700174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on some skin mucus immune parameters, mucus antimicrobial activity and growth performance of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) fry. Fish (1 ± 0.07 g) were divided into four groups fed diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g kg(-1) garlic for 8 weeks. The results showed that there was a significant increase in weight gain and specific growth rate in those fish fed garlic diets compared with the control (P < 0.05). Condition factor was not significantly affected by garlic dosage. At the end of trial, the epidermal mucus protein level, alkaline phosphatase and antimicrobial activity against 2 g-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) and gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus faecium and Micrococcus luteus) were measured. Skin mucus alkaline phosphatase, protein levels and antimicrobial activity were increased following garlic administration, and the bacterial growth inhibition zones were significantly elevated in garlic-fed fish (P < 0.05). In salinity stress experiment, no differences were observed for survival rate among the experimental diets. No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. These results indicated that dietary garlic beneficially affects the skin mucus immune parameters and growth performance of the Caspian roach fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubeh Salmanian Ghehdarijani
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Rasol Ghorbani
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Zahra Roohi
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
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24
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Gabriel NN, Qiang J, Ma XY, He J, Xu P, Liu K. Dietary Aloe vera improves plasma lipid profile, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities in GIFT-tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after Streptococcus iniae challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1321-1332. [PMID: 26109009 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of dietary Aloe vera on plasma lipid profile status, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities of GIFT-tilapia juveniles under Streptococcus iniae challenge. Five dietary groups were designed including a control and 100 % Aloe powder incorporated into a tilapia feed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %/kg feed, which were administered for 8 weeks. Fish fed dietary Aloe at 4 %/kg feed significantly reduced in total cholesterol, while triacylglycerol reduced (P < 0.05) in those fed 0.5, 2, and 4 % Aloe/kg feed compared to unsupplemented ones. High-density lipoprotein was significantly elevated in fish fed 0.5 and 1 % Aloe/kg feed compared to unsupplemented ones, and no significant changes (P > 0.05) were noted in low-density lipoprotein among test groups. Furthermore, high activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxide in liver tissues were observed in Aloe-supplemented fish compared to unsupplemented ones, before and after S. iniae challenge (7.7 × 10(6) CFU cells/mL). Variations were also noted in malondialdehyde activity throughout the trial, but no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between groups. Meanwhile, Aloe-supplemented fish reduced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) activities before and after challenge. Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis, dietary Aloe inclusion levels less than or equal to 1.88, 1.86, and 2.79 %/kg feed were determined to be suitable in improving plasma lipid profile status, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities in GIFT-tilapia in this study, respectively. Thus, A. vera extracts may be recommended as a tilapia feed supplement to enhance fish antioxidant and hepatoprotective capacities, especially during disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndakalimwe Naftal Gabriel
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Directorate of Aquaculture, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Hardap, Namibia.
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yu Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jie He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
- China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Akram M, Hamid A, Khalil A, Ghaffar A, Tayyaba N, Saeed A, Ali M, Naveed A. Review on Medicinal Uses, Pharmacological, Phytochemistry and Immunomodulatory Activity of Plants. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:313-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Researchers have discovered some important compounds from plants. The present work constitutes a review of the medicinal plants whose immunomodulant activity has been proven. We performed PUBMED, EMBASE, Google scholar searches for research papers of medicinal plants having immunomodulant activity. Medicinal plants used by traditional physicians or reported as having immunomodulant activity include Acacia concocinna, Camellia sinensis, Lawsonia inermis Linn, Piper longum Linn, Gelidium amansii, Petroselinum crispum, Plantago major and Allium sativum. Immunomodulant activities of some of these medicinal plants have been investigated. The medicinal plants documented have immunomodulant activity and should be further investigated via clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - A. Hamid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - A. Khalil
- University College of Conventional Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - A. Ghaffar
- Department of Life Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - N. Tayyaba
- Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakaria University Sub Campus Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - A. Saeed
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Govt College University Faisalabad
| | - A. Naveed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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26
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Irkin LC, Yigit M, Yilmaz S, Maita M. Toxicological Evaluation of Dietary Garlic <i>(Allium sativum)</i> Powder in European Sea Bass <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i> Juveniles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.511109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Oskoii SB, Kohyani AT, Parseh A, Salati AP, Sadeghi E. Effects of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea on growth indices and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1029-1034. [PMID: 22198162 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) on growth and some hematological and blood biochemical indices of rainbow trout fingerlings. A basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g EP kg⁻¹ to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with an initial average weight of approximately 8 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diets with 0.25 and 0.5 g EP kg⁻¹ showed highest final weight and SGR and fish fed with the control diet indicated the lowest final weight and SGR. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in FCR between the control group and the groups fed with diets of 0.25 and 0.5 g EP kg⁻¹. Biochemical parameters such as serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, and albumin/globulin ratio in the fish were evaluated. There were significant differences between hematological parameters including RBC, WBC, HB, lymphocyte, and neutrophil percentage in fish fed with dietary nucleotide compared with control treatment (P < 0.05). The results suggest that EP administration at 0.25 and 0.5 g EP kg⁻¹ exerted positive effects on growth and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Parseh
- Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Public Health School, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
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28
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Applications of the phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in infectious diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:769896. [PMID: 22131823 PMCID: PMC3205674 DOI: 10.1155/2012/769896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Echinacea purpurea (EP, purple coneflower) have been used traditionally in North America for the treatment of various types of infections and wounds, and they have become very popular herbal medicines globally. Recent studies have revealed that certain standardized preparations contain potent and selective antiviral and antimicrobial activities. In addition, they display multiple immune-modulatory activities, comprising stimulation of certain immune functions such as phagocytic activity of macrophages and suppression of the proinflammatory responses of epithelial cells to viruses and bacteria, which are manifested as alterations in secretion of various cytokines and chemokines. These immune modulations result from upregulation or downregulation of the relevant genes and their transcription factors. All these bioactivities can be demonstrated at noncytotoxic concentrations of extract and appear to be due to multiple components rather than the individual chemical compounds that characterize Echinacea extracts. Potential applications of the bioactive extracts may go beyond their traditional uses.
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29
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Tukmechi A, Rahmati Andani HR, Manaffar R, Sheikhzadeh N. Dietary administration of beta-mercapto-ethanol treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the growth, innate immune response and disease resistance of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:923-928. [PMID: 21296672 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary whole cell yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), n-3 HUFA-enriched yeast and treated yeast cells with beta-mercapto-ethanol (2ME) on immunity, growth performance and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri were investigated in Oncorhynchus mykiss. During 30 days, juvenile rainbow trout were fed diets supplemented with different forms of yeast at 5 × 10(7) CFU g(-1) or a control diet. After the feeding trial, remaining fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri and kept under observation for 14 days to record clinical signs and daily mortality rate. Yeast supplementation in all treatment groups significantly promoted the growth performance compared to control group. A significantly increase was also observed in immune responses in juvenile fish fed 2ME-treated yeast diet. More ever, the lowest fish mortality was obtained in this treatment group. The present results show that a diet supplemented with 2ME-treated yeast stimulates the immune system and growth of juvenile rainbow trout thus enhancing their resistance against Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute, Urmia University, Iran.
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