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Ferreira M, Garzón A, Oliva M, Cian R, Drago S, D'Alessandro M. Lipid-lowering effect of microencapsulated peptides from brewer's spent grain in high-sucrose diet-fed rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Garzón AG, Ferreira MDR, Cian RE, Oliva ME, D'Alessandro ME, Drago SR. Microencapsulated bioactive peptides from brewer's spent grain promotes antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic effects on a hypertensive and insulin-resistant rat model. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14283. [PMID: 35746832 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of microcapsules containing brewer's spent grain (BSG) peptides were evaluated on a hypertensive/insulin-resistant rat model induced by a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) administration. Animals received for 100 days the control diet (CD), SRD, and CD and SRD diets supplemented with microencapsulated peptides (CD-P and SRD-P). During the experimental period, blood pressure was monitored. Glycemia, tissue glycogen content, nitric oxide, and the activity of enzymes related to hypertensive and diabetogenic mechanisms were determined. The consumption of SRD caused hypertensive and hyperglycemic effects compared to CD. However, the SRD-P group presented lower systolic pressure at the middle of ingestion, achieving similar values than the CD. The SRD-P rats decreased all enzymes' activities compared to the SRD reaching the values of CD, except for those of α-amylase in cecal content and DPP-IV in serum. It was possible to corroborate potential antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic in vivo effects of the microencapsulated BSG peptides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main waste obtained from brewing industry. Bioactive peptides obtained after an enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins with in vitro antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic activity have been described. However, to corroborate the action of these bioactive peptides, in vivo studies are necessary. In the present work, microcapsules containing bioactive peptides from BSG were administered on the rat model with induced hypertension and insulin-resistance, corroborating an in vivo antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic effects by inhibition of enzymes related with blood pressure regulation and glucose metabolism. This work demonstrated that microcapsules of BSG peptides could be included into functional foods formulations, or used as dietary supplement for improving health and the prevention of non-communicable diseases, adding value to the brewing process by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela G Garzón
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Raul E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Oliva
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Metabolic and behavioural effects in offspring exposed to maternal sucrose consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from rodent models. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:603-618. [PMID: 32907667 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) during pregnancy has been associated with childhood obesity. Research in which rodent dams have been given high-fat/high-sugar diets has consistently found metabolic alterations in their offspring. However, what remains unclear is the potential impact on the developing fetus of giving sugar in isolation at concentrations similar to SSBs to the mothers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (Protocol No: 127115 on Prospero) to identify potential relationships between maternal sucrose consumption and metabolic outcomes in offspring of rodent (rat or mouse) models. We analysed studies that provided rodent mothers dams with access to sucrose solutions (8-20% w/v) prior to conception, during pregnancy and/or lactation and that reported offspring outcomes of body weight (BW), body composition and glycaemic control. Following a systematic search of four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus) performed on 15 January 2019, maternal and offspring data from 15 papers were identified for inclusion. Only rat studies were identified. Meta-analyses were performed on standardised mean differences for maternal and offspring BW and fasting glucose levels, with subgroup analyses of strain, sucrose concentration, exposure period and sex of offspring. A bias towards the inclusion of only data from male offspring was identified and this limited interpretation of potential sexually dimorphic outcomes. Maternal sucrose exposure was associated with an increased risk of obesity and poor glucose disposal in adult and aged offspring.
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Bouwman LMS, Fernández-Calleja JMS, van der Stelt I, Oosting A, Keijer J, van Schothorst EM. Replacing Part of Glucose with Galactose in the Postweaning Diet Protects Female But Not Male Mice from High-Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity in Later Life. J Nutr 2019; 149:1140-1148. [PMID: 31076770 PMCID: PMC6602901 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duration of breastfeeding is positively associated with decreased adiposity and increased metabolic health in later life, which might be related to galactose. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if partial replacement of glucose with galactose in the postweaning diet had a metabolic programming effect. METHODS Male and female mice (C57BL/6JRccHsd) received an isocaloric diet (16 energy% fat; 64 energy% carbohydrates; 20 energy% protein) with either glucose (32 energy%) (GLU) or glucose + galactose (GLU + GAL, 16 energy% each) for 3 wk postweaning. Afterwards, all mice were switched to the same 40 energy% high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 wk to evaluate potential programming effects in an obesogenic environment. Data were analyzed within sex. RESULTS Female body weight (-14%) and fat mass (-47%) were significantly lower at the end of the HFD period (both P < 0.001) among those fed GLU + GAL than among those fed GLU; effects in males were in line with these findings but nonsignificant. Food intake was affected in GLU + GAL-fed females (+8% on postweaning diet, -9% on HFD) compared with GLU-fed females, but not for hypothalamic transcript levels at endpoint. Also, in GLU + GAL-fed females, serum insulin concentrations (-48%, P < 0.05) and the associated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) at endpoint, but there were no changes in pancreas morphology. In GLU + GAL-fed females, expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) (-27%, P < 0.01 ; -44%, P < 0.001) and the adipocyte size markers leptin (Lep) (-40%, P < 0.05; -63% , P < 0.05) and mesoderm-specific transcript homolog protein (Mest) (-80%, P < 0.05; -72%, P < 0.05) was lower in gonadal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), respectively. Expression of insulin receptor substrate1 (Irs1) (-24%, P < 0.05) was only lower in subcutaneous WAT in GLU + GAL-fed females. CONCLUSIONS Partial replacement of glucose with galactose, resulting in a 1:1 ratio mimicking lactose, in a 3-wk postweaning diet lowered body weight, adiposity, HOMA-IR, and expression of WAT insulin signaling in HFD-challenged female mice in later life. This suggests that prolonged galactose intake may improve metabolic and overall health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne M S Bouwman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Inge van der Stelt
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Evert M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands,Address correspondence to EMvS (e-mail: )
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Feng X, Li X, Yang C, Ren Q, Zhang W, Li N, Zhang M, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhou X, Xu Z. Maternal High-Sucrose Diet Accelerates Vascular Stiffness in Aged Offspring via Suppressing Ca v 1.2 and Contractile Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900022. [PMID: 31067604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The fetal programming in response to over-nutrition during pregnancy is involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases later in life. The authors' previous work reported that prenatal high-sucrose (HS) diet impaired functions of large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (BK) in mesenteric arteries in the adolescent offspring rats. This study determines whether prenatal HS has a long-term impact on resistance vasculature in the aged offspring rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant rats are fed with a high-sucrose diet until delivery. Aged offspring from prenatal HS exhibit elevated fasting insulin level, insulin resistance index, and diastolic pressure. Both pressure-induced myogenic responses and phenylephrine-stimulated contraction of mesenteric arteries in HS are weakened. Electrophysiological tests and western blot indicate that BK and L-type calcium channels (Cav 1.2) are impaired in HS group. On the other hand, expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 of mesenteric arteries is reduced in HS group while expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase is increased, indicating that extra cellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled. Furthermore, expression of α-smooth muscle actin is decreased, and insulin/insulin receptor/phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is downregulated. CONCLUSION The results suggest that prenatal HS induced stiffness of mesenteric arteries in aged offspring by inhibiting Cav 1.2 function and PI3K-associated contractile phenotype of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qinggui Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Zhang P, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Li L, Chen X, Zhang W, Shi R, Tao J, Han B, Xu Z. Synergetic Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal High Sucrose Intake on Glucose Tolerance and Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Rat Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29346712 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Di Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Municipal Hospital; Suzhou China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Xionghui Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Ruixiu Shi
- Institute for Fetology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Jianying Tao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Municipal Hospital; Suzhou China
| | - Bing Han
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology; First Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Centre for Prenatal Biology; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
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7
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Bouwman LMS, Fernández‐Calleja JMS, Swarts HJM, van der Stelt I, Oosting A, Keijer J, van Schothorst EM. No Adverse Programming by Post-Weaning Dietary Fructose of Body Weight, Adiposity, Glucose Tolerance, or Metabolic Flexibility. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:1700315. [PMID: 29034600 PMCID: PMC5814917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic programming can occur not only in the perinatal period, but also post-weaning. This study aims to assess whether fructose, in comparison to glucose, in the post-weaning diet programs body weight, adiposity, glucose tolerance, metabolic flexibility, and health at adult age. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-week-old male and female C57BL6/JRccHsd mice are given an intervention diet with 32 energy percent (en%) glucose or fructose for only 3 weeks. Next, all animals are switched to the same 40 en% high fat diet for 9 weeks. Neither body weight nor adiposity differs significantly between the animals fed with glucose or fructose diets at any point during the study in both sexes. Glucose tolerance in adulthood is not affected by the post-weaning diet, nor are activity, energy expenditure, and metabolic flexibility, as measured by indirect calorimetry. At the end of the study, only in females fasting serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR index are lower in post-weaning fructose versus glucose diet (p = 0.02), without differences in pancreatic β-cell mass. CONCLUSIONS Our present findings indicate no adverse programming of body weight, adiposity, glucose tolerance, and metabolic flexibility by dietary (solid) fructose in comparison to glucose in the post-weaning diet in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans J. M. Swarts
- Wageningen UniversityHuman and Animal PhysiologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Inge van der Stelt
- Wageningen UniversityHuman and Animal PhysiologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Wageningen UniversityHuman and Animal PhysiologyWageningenThe Netherlands
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Brookheart RT, Swearingen AR, Collins CA, Cline LM, Duncan JG. High-sucrose-induced maternal obesity disrupts ovarian function and decreases fertility in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1255-1263. [PMID: 28344128 PMCID: PMC5535766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the obesity epidemic worsens, the prevalence of maternal obesity is expected to rise. Both high-fat and high-sucrose diets are known to promote maternal obesity and several studies have elucidated the molecular influence of high-fat feeding on female reproduction. However, to date, the molecular impact of a high-sucrose diet on maternal obesity remains to be investigated. Using our previously reported Drosophila high-sucrose maternal obesity model, we sought to determine how excess dietary sucrose impacted the ovary. High-sucrose diet (HSD) fed adult females developed systemic insulin resistance and exhibited an ovarian phenotype characterized by excess accumulation of lipids and cholesterol in the ovary, decreased ovary size, and impaired egg maturation. We also observed decreased expression of antioxidant genes and increased protein carbonylation in the ovaries of HSD females. HSD females laid fewer eggs; however, the overall survival of offspring was unchanged relative to lean control females. Ovaries of HSD females had increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and decreased expression of key mitochondrial regulators, suggestive of an ineffective compensatory response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial alterations were also observed in male offspring of obese females. This study demonstrates that high-sucrose-induced maternal obesity promotes insulin resistance, while disrupting ovarian metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita T Brookheart
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alison R Swearingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina A Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura M Cline
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer G Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Toop CR, Muhlhausler BS, O'Dea K, Gentili S. Impact of perinatal exposure to sucrose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55) on adiposity and hepatic lipid composition in rat offspring. J Physiol 2017; 595:4379-4398. [PMID: 28447343 DOI: 10.1113/jp274066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fructose-containing sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), have been implicated in the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Few studies have evaluated the impact of perinatal exposure to these sugars on metabolic and physiological outcomes in the offspring. Using a rat model, offspring exposed to a maternal sucrose or HFCS diet during the prenatal and/or suckling periods were found to have altered adiposity and liver fat content and composition at weaning. Plasma levels of free fatty acids remained elevated in young adulthood, but consumption of a control diet following weaning appeared to ameliorate most other effects of perinatal exposure to a maternal high-sugar diet. Guidelines for maternal nutrition should advise limiting consumption of fructose-containing sugars, and it is particularly important that these recommendations include maternal nutrition during lactation. ABSTRACT Perinatal exposure to excess maternal intake of added sugars, including fructose and sucrose, is associated with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adult life. However, it is unknown to what extent the type of sugar and the timing of exposure affect these outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exposure to maternal consumption of a 10% (w/v) beverage containing sucrose or high fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) during the prenatal and/or suckling periods on offspring at 3 and 12 weeks, utilising a cross-fostering approach in a rodent model. Perinatal sucrose exposure decreased plasma glucose concentrations in offspring at 3 weeks, but did not alter glucose tolerance. Increased adiposity was observed in 3-week-old offspring exposed to sucrose or HFCS-55 during suckling, with increased hepatic fat content in HFCS-55-exposed offspring. In terms of specific fatty acids, hepatic monounsaturated (omega-7 and -9) fatty acid content was elevated at weaning, and was most pronounced in sucrose offspring exposed during both the prenatal and suckling periods, and HFCS-55 offspring exposed during suckling only. By 12 weeks, the effects on adiposity and hepatic lipid composition were largely normalised. However, exposure to either sucrose or HFCS-55 during the prenatal period only was associated with elevated plasma free fatty acids at weaning, and this effect persisted until 12 weeks. This study suggests that the type of sugar and the timing of exposure (prenatal or suckling periods) are both important for determining the impact on metabolic health outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Toop
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kerin O'Dea
- School of Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sheridan Gentili
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Feng X, Zhou X, Zhang W, Li X, He A, Liu B, Shi R, Wu L, Wu J, Zhu D, Li N, Sun M, Xu Z. Maternal high-sucrose diets altered vascular large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels via reactive oxygen species in offspring rats†. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:1085-1095. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Fortino MA, Oliva ME, Rodriguez S, Lombardo YB, Chicco A. Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 116:19-26. [PMID: 28088290 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fortino
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M E Oliva
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Y B Lombardo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Chicco
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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12
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Hay SM, McArdle HJ, Hayes HE, Stevens VJ, Rees WD. The effect of iron deficiency on the temporal changes in the expression of genes associated with fat metabolism in the pregnant rat. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/21/e12908. [PMID: 27905292 PMCID: PMC5112487 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for the oxidative metabolism of lipids. Lipid metabolism changes during gestation to meet the requirements of the growing fetus and to prepare for lactation. The temporal effects of iron deficiency during gestation were studied in female rats fed complete or iron‐deficient diets. Plasma triglycerides were elevated in the iron‐deficient group throughout gestation. There were time‐dependent changes in the triglyceride content of the maternal liver, falling at the midpoint of gestation and then increasing on d21.5. Compared to the control, triglycerides in the maternal liver were not different in the iron‐deficient group prior to pregnancy and on d12.5, but were markedly reduced by d21.5. The abundance of mRNAs in the maternal liver suggests that lipogenesis is unchanged and beta‐oxidation is reduced on d21.5 by iron deficiency. On d21.5 of gestation, the expression of placental lipase was unchanged by iron deficiency, however, the abundance of mRNAs for SREBP‐1c, FABP4 were reduced, suggesting that there were changes in fatty acid handling. In the fetal liver, iron deficiency produced a marked decrease in the abundance of the L‐CPT‐1 mRNA, suggesting that beta‐oxidation is reduced. This study shows that the major effect of iron deficiency on maternal lipid metabolism occurs late in gestation and that perturbed lipid metabolism may be a common feature of models of fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Hay
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, U.K
| | - Harry J McArdle
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, U.K
| | - Helen E Hayes
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, U.K
| | - Valerie J Stevens
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, U.K
| | - William D Rees
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, U.K.
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Chicco A, Creus A, Illesca P, Hein GJ, Rodriguez S, Fortino A. Effects of post-suckling n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: prevention of dyslipidemia and liver steatosis induced in rats by a sucrose-rich diet during pre- and post-natal life. Food Funct 2016; 7:445-54. [PMID: 26511757 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between fetal programming and the post-natal environment suggests that the post-natal diet could amplify or attenuate programmed outcomes. We investigated whether dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) at weaning resulted in an amelioration of dyslipidemia, adiposity and liver steatosis that was induced by a sucrose-rich diet (SRD; where the fat source is corn oil) from the onset of pregnancy up to adulthood. During pregnancy and lactation, dams were fed an SRD or the standard powdered rodent commercial diet (RD). At weaning and until 150 days of life, male offspring from SRD-dams were divided into two groups and fed an SRD or SRD-with-fish oil [where 6% of the corn oil was partially replaced by fish oil (FO) 5% and corn oil (CO) 1%], forming SRD-SRD or SRD-FO groups. Male offspring from RD-dams continued with RD up to the end of the experimental period, forming an RD-RD group. The presence of FO in the weaning diet showed the following: prevention of hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis, together with increased lipogenic enzyme activity caused by a maternal SRD; the complete normalization of CPT I activity and PPARα protein mass levels; a slight but not statistically significant accretion of visceral adiposity; and limited body fat content and reduced plasma free fatty acid levels. All of these results were observed even in the presence of a high-sucrose diet challenge after weaning. SRD-dams' breast milk showed a more saturated fatty acid composition. These results suggest the capacity of n-3 PUFAs to overcome some adverse outcomes induced by a maternal and post-weaning sucrose-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Chicco
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje El Pozo CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Creus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje El Pozo CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Paola Illesca
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje El Pozo CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Juan Hein
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje El Pozo CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje El Pozo CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Fortino
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje El Pozo CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Kendig MD, Ekayanti W, Stewart H, Boakes RA, Rooney K. Metabolic Effects of Access to Sucrose Drink in Female Rats and Transmission of Some Effects to Their Offspring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131107. [PMID: 26134991 PMCID: PMC4489893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were, first, to examine the metabolic consequences for female rats of having unrestricted access to 10% sucrose solution and, second, to test for effects of this dietary intervention on their offspring. In Stage 1 females were mated following a 4-week period in which one group was given the sucrose in addition to their normal chow and a control group was given chow and water only. Sucrose was removed at parturition and the pups monitored until weaning. Despite the development of glucose intolerance in sucrose-fed mothers, no effects were detected on litter size or pup weights. In Stage 2 voluntary activity of offspring was assessed over postnatal days (PND) 51-60 and their glucose tolerance measured at PND89-94. Again no effect of maternal diet was detected. Only male offspring were used in Stage 3, which began when they were 13 weeks old. Four groups were given 10% sucrose solution for 48 days in a 2 x 2 design, in which one factor was maternal diet and the other was whether they were given 2-h access to an activity wheel on alternate days. Higher fasting glucose levels were found in offspring of sugar-fed mothers. Exercise increased insulin sensitivity in these rats but not in offspring of control mothers. Behavioural measures of memory in Stage 3 did not reveal any effects of maternal diet or exercise. Overall, this study suggested that, while providing 10% sucrose solution ad-libitum was sufficient to impair maternal metabolism, the impact of this dietary manipulation on offspring may be revealed only when the offspring's diet is similarly manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kendig
- School of Psychology (A18), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Winda Ekayanti
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hayden Stewart
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Robert A. Boakes
- School of Psychology (A18), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Exercise, Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences (C42), Cumberland Campus, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales 2142, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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15
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Consumption of sucrose, but not high fructose corn syrup, leads to increased adiposity and dyslipidaemia in the pregnant and lactating rat. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 6:38-46. [PMID: 25523154 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excess consumption of added sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55), have been implicated in the global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of maternal consumption of sucrose or HFCS-55 during pregnancy and lactation on the metabolic health of the dam and her offspring at birth. Female Albino Wistar rats were given access to chow and water, in addition to a sucrose or HFCS-55 beverage (10% w/v) before, and during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal glucose tolerance was determined throughout the study, and a postmortem was conducted on dams following lactation, and on offspring within 24 h of birth. Sucrose and HFCS-55 consumption resulted in increased total energy intake compared with controls, however the increase from sucrose consumption was accompanied by a compensatory decrease in chow consumption. There was no effect of sucrose or HFCS-55 consumption on body weight, however sucrose consumption resulted in increased adiposity and elevated total plasma cholesterol in the dam, while HFCS-55 consumption resulted in increased plasma insulin and decreased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Maternal HFCS-55 consumption was associated with decreased relative liver weight and plasma NEFA in the offspring at birth. There was no effect of either treatment on pup weight at birth. These findings suggest that both sucrose and HFCS-55 consumption during pregnancy and lactation have the potential to impact negatively on maternal metabolic health, which may have adverse consequences for the long-term health of the offspring.
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16
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D'Alessandro ME, Oliva ME, Fortino MA, Chicco A. Maternal sucrose-rich diet and fetal programming: changes in hepatic lipogenic and oxidative enzymes and glucose homeostasis in adult offspring. Food Funct 2014; 5:446-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Regnault TRH, Gentili S, Sarr O, Toop CR, Sloboda DM. Fructose, pregnancy and later life impacts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:824-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy RH Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Sheridan Gentili
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Carla R Toop
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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