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Siviero-Miachon AA, de Sousa AL, Simião BM, Araújo EO, Alvarenga R, Spinola-Castro AM, Longui CA. Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Among Young Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: What Does It Matter? Horm Metab Res 2024. [PMID: 39102841 DOI: 10.1055/a-2363-4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess glucocorticoid sensitivity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using in vivo and in vitro tests. Thirty leukemia survivors of both sexes aged ≥18 years participated in the study and at least two years after therapy withdrawal. In vivo tests comprised: a) a very low dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test for measurement of serum cortisol before, after, and % suppression, compared with 32 age-matched controls; and b) 0.25 mg overnight oral dexamethasone suppression test for assessment of salivary cortisol before, after, and % suppression. In vitro methods comprised: c) glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms: BcI1-NR3C1 and A3669G; and d) splicing variant of glucocorticoid receptor GR-α mRNA by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, compared with 32 controls. There was a reduction in salivary cortisol, and 73.3% of leukemia survivors showed high sensitivity according to % suppression after oral dexamethasone (p<0.05). Serum cortisol at baseline, after the test, % suppression after intravenous dexamethasone, and the percentage of high sensitivity were reduced in the leukemia group (%F=36.7; p<0.05). The BcI1-NR3C1 and A3669G polymorphisms were present in 11/30 (36.7%) and 5/30 (16.7%) patients, respectively. GR-α mRNA levels were lower in the leukemia group than in the controls (p<0.05). Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity. Glucocorticoid sensitivity allows individualized treatment to avoid adverse effects and may be involved in cardiovascular disease risk among this particular group of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aparecida Siviero-Miachon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital of the Support Group for Adolescent and Children with Cancer - GRAACC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - AnaVirgínia Lopes de Sousa
- Pediatric Oncology, Hospital of the Support Group for Adolescent and Children with Cancer - GRAACC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Simião
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Oliveira Araújo
- Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo - FCM SCSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Alvarenga
- Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo - FCM SCSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Spinola-Castro
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital of the Support Group for Adolescent and Children with Cancer - GRAACC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Longui
- Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo - FCM SCSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Akin-Bali DF, Doganay Erdogan B, Aslar Oner D, Mahmud A, Tasdelen S, Kurekci E, Akar N, Ozdag Sevgili H. Genetic Profiling of Pediatric Patients with B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Genet 2023; 12:288-300. [PMID: 38162155 PMCID: PMC10756719 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a heterogeneous leukemia subgroup. It has multiple sub-types that are likely to be classified by prognostic factors. Following a systematic literature review, this study analyzed the genes correlated with BCP-ALL prognosis ( IKZF1, PAX5, EBF1, CREBBP, CRLF2, JAK2, ERG, CXCR4, ZAP70, VLA4, NF1, NR3C1, RB1, TSLP, ZNRF1, and FOXO3A) , specifically their nucleotide variations and expression profiles in pediatric BCP-ALL samples. The study included 45 pediatric BCP-ALL patients with no cytogenetic anomaly and a control group of 10 children. The selected genes' hot-spot regions were sequenced using next-generation sequencing, while Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program were used to identify pathogenic mutations. The expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mutation analysis detected 328 variants (28 insertions, 47 indels, 74 nucleotide variants, 75 duplications, and 104 deletions). The most and least frequently mutated genes were IKZF1 and CREBBP , respectively. There were statistically significant differences between patients and controls for mutation distribution in eight genes ( ERG, CRLF2, CREBBP, TSLP, JAK2, ZAP70, FOXO3A, and NR3C1 ). The expression analysis revealed that JAK and ERG were significantly overexpressed in patients compared with controls (respectively, p = 0.004 and p = 0.003). This study combined genes and pathways previously analyzed in pediatric BCP-ALL into one dataset for a comprehensive analysis from the same samples to unravel candidate prognostic biomarkers. Novel mutations were identified in all of the studied genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Fatma Akin-Bali
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Beyza Doganay Erdogan
- Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Aslar Oner
- Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Akkan Mahmud
- LÖSANTE Children's and Adult Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Emin Kurekci
- LÖSANTE Children's and Adult Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Akar
- Department of Pediatrics, TOBB-ETU Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Silic-Benussi M, Sharova E, Corradin A, Urso L, Raimondi V, Cavallari I, Buldini B, Francescato S, Minuzzo SA, D’Agostino DM, Ciminale V. Repurposing Verapamil to Enhance Killing of T-ALL Cells by the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030625. [PMID: 36978873 PMCID: PMC10045900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapies are needed for patients with T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) who do not respond to standard chemotherapy. Our previous studies showed that the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreases the levels of NADPH and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and induces apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Studies in T-ALL-xenografted NOD/SCID mice demonstrated that everolimus improved their response to the glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone. Here we show that verapamil, a calcium antagonist used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, enhanced the effects of everolimus on ROS and cell death in T-ALL cell lines. The death-enhancing effect was synergistic and was confirmed in assays on a panel of therapy-resistant patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and primary samples from T-ALL patients. The verapamil-everolimus combination produced a dramatic reduction in the levels of G6PD and induction of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Studies of NOD/SCID mice inoculated with refractory T-ALL PDX cells demonstrated that the addition of verapamil to everolimus plus dexamethasone significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results provide a rationale for repurposing verapamil in association with mTORC inhibitors and GC to treat refractory T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Silic-Benussi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.-B.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | - Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia A. Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Donna M. D’Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.-B.); (V.C.)
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Strokotova AV, Grigorieva EV. Glucocorticoid Effects on Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415678. [PMID: 36555315 PMCID: PMC9778983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play diverse roles in numerous normal and pathological processes. They are actively used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, cancers, and COVID-19, among others. However, the long-term use of glucocorticoids is associated with numerous side effects. Molecular mechanisms of these negative side effects are not completely understood. Recently, arguments have been made that one such mechanisms may be related to the influence of glucocorticoids on O-glycosylated components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, in particular on proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. The potential toxic effects of glucocorticoids on these glycosylated macromolecules are particularly meaningful for brain physiology because proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans are the main extracellular components of brain tissue. Here, we aim to review the known effects of glucocorticoids on proteoglycan expression and glycosaminoglycan content in different tissues, with a specific focus on the brain.
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Silic-Benussi M, Sharova E, Ciccarese F, Cavallari I, Raimondi V, Urso L, Corradin A, Kotler H, Scattolin G, Buldini B, Francescato S, Basso G, Minuzzo SA, Indraccolo S, D'Agostino DM, Ciminale V. mTOR inhibition downregulates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and induces ROS-dependent death in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102268. [PMID: 35248829 PMCID: PMC8899410 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Urso
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Corradin
- Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale "Alessandro Rossi", Vicenza, Italy
| | - Harel Kotler
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gloria Scattolin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia A Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Donna M D'Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Hui PY, Chen YH, Qin J, Jiang XH. PON2 blockade overcomes dexamethasone resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology 2021; 27:32-42. [PMID: 34957927 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.2009643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The high frequency of chemotherapy resistance is ultimately responsible for clinical relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism relevant to glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains ambiguous. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect the expressions of paraoxonase 2 (PON2), Bcl-2 and Bax. shRNA was used to knockdown PON2 expression in SUP-B15 and REH cell. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assay were conducted to monitor the changes of proliferation and apoptosis in ALL cells. The growth of ALL REH cells in vivo was determined using transplanted tumor model. RESULTS This study was designed to identify GC resistance-associated genes by means of the transcriptome chip from the public Gene Expression Omnibus database, and preliminarily investigation of dexamethasone (DEX)-resistance mechanism in ALL. We disclosed that PON2 expression was elevated in ALL patients and especially higher in DEX-resistance ALL patients. Then, cell apoptosis assay suggested that silencing of PON2 dramatically promoted in DEX-resistant ALL cells apoptosis and the activity of Caspase 3 induced by DEX administration. In xenograft tumor model, PON2 knockdown significantly reduced DEX-resistant ALL cells growth in immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, inhibition of PON2 may represent a novel method to restore the sensitivity of treatment-resistant ALL to GC-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ye Hui
- Pharmacy Department, Shandong Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Rizhao people's Hospital, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qin
- Pharmacy Department, Rizhao people's Hospital, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, 970 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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Huang FL, Yu SJ, Liao EC, Li LY, Shen PW, Li CL. Niclosamide suppresses T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia growth through activation of apoptosis and autophagy. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:30. [PMID: 34913075 PMCID: PMC8717126 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a common pediatric malignancy, characterized by the abnormal presence of immature T-cell progenitors. Conventional treatments for T-ALL fail to prevent or cure the disease, with a high-risk of recurrence after the first remission. Thus, medical options are in demand to develop novel therapies for patients suffering with T-ALL. Niclosamide, a traditional oral anti-helminthic drug, has been reported to be a potential anticancer agent that regulates intracellular signaling pathways. Few studies have yet investigated the effects of niclosamide on the development of T-ALL. Here, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-leukemia effects of niclosamide on T-ALL. We first hypothesized that the suppressive effects of niclosamide on the tumor growth of T-ALL are exerted by regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Following niclosamide treatment, T-ALL cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay, and apoptosis with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. In T-ALL cells treated with niclosamide, changes in apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. In addition, in an in vivo model, T-ALL xenograft mice were used to study the anti-leukemia effects of niclosamide. The results showed that niclosamide significantly reduced the viability of Jurkat and CCRF-CEM T-ALL cells in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Niclosamide significantly activated the early and late phases of apoptosis in Jurkat (at 2 µM) and CCRF-CEM cells (at 1 µM). Furthermore, niclosamide upregulated protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3B, while downregulated those of Bcl-2 and p62, in a dose-dependent manner in both Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells. The in vivo results showed that niclosamide treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth and the disease progression in T-ALL xenograft mice by activating cleaved caspase-3 and LC3B. We conclude that niclosamide plays an anti-leukemia role, and that it represents a novel approach for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Liang Huang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Long-Yuan Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Wen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ling Li
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Sevilla LM, Jiménez-Panizo A, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Caelles C, Pérez P. Glucocorticoid Resistance: Interference between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and the MAPK Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10049. [PMID: 34576214 PMCID: PMC8465023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that signal in virtually all cell types to modulate tissue homeostasis throughout life. Also, synthetic GC derivatives (pharmacological GCs) constitute the first-line treatment in many chronic inflammatory conditions with unquestionable therapeutic benefits despite the associated adverse effects. GC actions are principally mediated through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Despite the ubiquitous expression of GR, imbalances in GC signalling affect tissues differently, and with variable degrees of severity through mechanisms that are not completely deciphered. Congenital or acquired GC hypersensitivity or resistance syndromes can impact responsiveness to endogenous or pharmacological GCs, causing disease or inadequate therapeutic outcomes, respectively. Acquired GC resistance is defined as loss of efficacy or desensitization over time, and arises as a consequence of chronic inflammation, affecting around 30% of GC-treated patients. It represents an important limitation in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, and can be due to impairment of multiple mechanisms along the GC signalling pathway. Among them, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and/or alterations in expression of their regulators, the dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs), have been identified as common mechanisms of GC resistance. While many of the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs rely on GR-mediated inhibition of MAPKs and/or induction of DUSPs, the GC anti-inflammatory capacity is decreased or lost in conditions of excessive MAPK activation, contributing to disease susceptibility in tissue- and disease- specific manners. Here, we discuss potential strategies to modulate GC responsiveness, with the dual goal of overcoming GC resistance and minimizing the onset and severity of unwanted adverse effects while maintaining therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Jiménez-Panizo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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The long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 controlled by AML1 enhances glucocorticoid resistance by activating RHOA/ROCK1 pathway through suppressing ARHGAP18. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:702. [PMID: 34262023 PMCID: PMC8280127 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) is an obstacle to the effective treatment of leukemia, but the molecular mechanisms of steroid insensitivity have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we established an acquired GC-resistant leukemia cell model and found a long noncoding RNA, HOTAIRM1, was overexpressed in the resistant cells by transcriptional profiling, and was higher expressed in patients with poor prognosis. The whole-genome-binding sites of HOTAIRM1 were determined by ChIRP-seq (chromatin isolation by RNA purification combined with sequencing) analysis. Further study determined that HOTAIRM1 bound to the transcriptional inhibitory region of ARHGAP18 and repressed the expression of ARHGAP18, which led to the increase of RHOA/ROCK1 signaling pathway and promoted GC resistance through antiapoptosis of leukemia cells. The inhibition of ROCK1 in GC-resistant cells could restore GCs responsiveness. In addition, HOTAIRM1 could also act as a protein sequester to prevent transcription factor AML1(acute myeloid leukemia 1) from binding to the regulatory region of ARHGAP18 by interacting with AML1. At last, we also proved AML1 could directly activate the expression of HOTAIRM1 through binding to the promoter of HOTAIRM1, which enriched the knowledge on the regulation of lncRNAs. This study revealed epigenetic causes of glucocorticoid resistance from the perspective of lncRNA, and laid a foundation for the optimization of glucocorticoid-based leukemia treatment strategy in clinic.
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Abstract
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an excessive number of immature lymphocytes, including immature precursors of both B- and T cells. ALL affects children more often than adults. Immature lymphocytes lead to arrested differentiation and proliferation of cells. Its conventional treatments involve medication with dexamethasone, vincristine, and other anticancer drugs. Although the current first-line drugs can achieve effective treatment, they still cannot prevent the recurrence of some patients with ALL. Treatments have high risk of recurrence especially after the first remission. Currently, novel therapies to treat ALL are in need. Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in regulating cancer development. Autophagy involves degradation of proteins and organelles, and apoptosis leads to cell death. These phenomena are crucial in cancer progression. Past studies reported that many potential anticancer agents regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Methods: The authors discuss the recent research findings on the role of autophagy and apoptosis in ALL. Results: The autophagy and apoptosis are widely used in the treatment of ALL. Most studies showed that many agents regulate autophagy and apoptosis in ALL cell models, clinical trials, and ALL animal models. Conclusions: In summary, activating autophagy and apoptosis pathways are the main strategies for ALL treatments. For ALL, combining new drugs with traditional chemotherapy and glucocorticoids treatments can achieve the greatest therapeutic effect by activating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Liang Huang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ling Li
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Torres-López L, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Overcoming Glucocorticoid Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Repurposed Drugs Can Improve the Protocol. Front Oncol 2021; 11:617937. [PMID: 33777761 PMCID: PMC7991804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.617937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a central component of multi-drug treatment protocols against T and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which are used intensively during the remission induction to rapidly eliminate the leukemic blasts. The primary response to GCs predicts the overall response to treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have critically analyzed the available data on the effects of GCs on sensitive and resistant leukemic cells, in order to reveal the mechanisms of GC resistance and how these mechanisms may determine a poor outcome in ALL. Apart of the GC resistance, associated with a decreased expression of receptors to GCs, there are several additional mechanisms, triggered by alterations of different signaling pathways, which cause the metabolic reprogramming, with an enhanced level of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis resistance, and multidrug resistance. Due to all this, the GC-resistant ALL show a poor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic protocols. We propose pharmacological strategies that can trigger alternative intracellular pathways to revert or overcome GC resistance. Specifically, we focused our search on drugs, which are already approved for treatment of other diseases and demonstrated anti-ALL effects in experimental pre-clinical models. Among them are some “truly” re-purposed drugs, which have different targets in ALL as compared to other diseases: cannabidiol, which targets mitochondria and causes the mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, tamoxifen, which induces autophagy and cell death, and reverts GC resistance through the mechanisms independent of nuclear estrogen receptors (“off-target effects”), antibiotic tigecycline, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration, causing energy crisis and cell death, and some anthelmintic drugs. Additionally, we have listed compounds that show a classical mechanism of action in ALL but are not used still in treatment protocols: the BH3 mimetic venetoclax, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine, which restores the expression of the pro-apoptotic BIM, and compounds targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis. Accordingly, these drugs may be considered for the inclusion into chemotherapeutic protocols for GC-resistant ALL treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-López
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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Singh J, Kumari S, Arora M, Verma D, Palanichamy JK, Kumar R, Sharma G, Bakhshi S, Pushpam D, Ali MS, Ranjan A, Tanwar P, Chauhan SS, Singh A, Chopra A. Prognostic Relevance of Expression of EMP1, CASP1, and NLRP3 Genes in Pediatric B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:606370. [PMID: 33747919 PMCID: PMC7973229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.606370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC), such as prednisolone, is an essential component of multidrug chemotherapy regimen for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Resistance to GC in leukemia cells is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Despite the extensive use of GC for many years, molecular mechanisms underlying its resistance in ALL have not been fully uncovered. Recent studies have shown a potential role of EMP1, CASP1, and NLRP3 genes in prednisolone response. In this study on 148 pediatric B-ALL patients, we studied these three genes to assess their association with prednisolone response measured by day 8 blast count after 7 days of induction therapy with prednisolone. Intriguingly, ALL samples exhibited higher expression of EMP1 along with a low expression of CASP1 and NLRP3 compared to disease free normal bone marrow collected from patients with solid tumors. Among the three analyzed genes, only EMP1 was found to be overexpressed in prednisolone poor responders (p=0.015). Further, a comparison of gene expression between cytogenetic subtypes revealed higher expression of EMP1 in BCR-ABL subtype. Expression of EMP1 in multiple gene expression datasets was used for gene set enrichment analysis, which revealed TNF-α, IL-2-STAT5 signaling, inflammatory responses and hypoxia as the major positively associated pathways and E2F targets as negatively associated pathways. Interestingly, the clinical remission rate was higher in CASP1 high patients (p=0.048). In univariate survival analysis, higher EMP1 expression was associated with poor prognostic measures while higher expression of NLRP3 and CASP1 was associated with better prognostic measures in our data. Further, multivariate analysis revealed an independent association of high CASP1 and NLRP3 with a better prognosis. This study strengthens the available evidence that mRNA expression of EMP1, CASP1, and NLRP3 may serve as potential biomarkers for risk stratification of pediatric B-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Verma
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajive Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna, India
| | | | | | | | - M Shadab Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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13
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Lambrou GI, Adamaki M, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Gene Expression and Resistance to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Brief Review and Update. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 12:131-149. [PMID: 32077838 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666200220122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), is considered one of the major prognostic factors for the disease. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid and one of the most important agents in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanics of GC resistance are largely unknown and intense ongoing research focuses on this topic. AIM The aim of the present study is to review some aspects of GC resistance in ALL, and in particular of Prednisolone, with emphasis on previous and present knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways playing a role in the phenomenon. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted by the authors from 1994 to June 2019. Original articles and systematic reviews selected, and the titles and abstracts of papers screened to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. RESULTS Identification of gene targets responsible for glucocorticoid resistance may allow discovery of drugs, which in combination with glucocorticoids may increase the effectiveness of anti-leukemia therapies. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer justifies approaches to characterize and prevent undesirable activation of early oncogenic pathways. CONCLUSION Study of the pattern of intracellular signal pathway activation by anticancer drugs can lead to development of efficient treatment strategies by reducing detrimental secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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Ramos-Peñafiel C, Olarte-Carrillo I, Maldonado RC, de la Cruz Rosas A, Collazo-Jaloma J, Martínez-Tovar A. Association of three factors (ABCB1 gene expression, steroid response, early response at day + 8) on the response to induction in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:2629-2637. [PMID: 32980890 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) requires the combination of multiple drugs to integrate a complete remission. The different prognostic factors (age, leukocytes, risk, cytogenetic alterations) allow identifying those patients with a high risk of relapse, but there are few described factors that impact the induction response. The objective was to identify the utility of different risk factors (overexpression of the ABCB1 drug resistance gene, favorable response to steroids (FRS) and early response at day + 8 of treatment) on the percentage of complete remissions and overall survival. This is a prospective, observational study in adult patients with B-ALL without specific cytogenetic alterations, who started induction treatment based on a pretreatment with prednisone and subsequently vincristine (1.6 mg/m2 subcutaneous) plus daunorubicin (45 mg/m2 subcutaneously) on days + 1, + 8, + 15. The ABCB1 resistance gene was evaluated at diagnosis, the FRS at the end of the pretreatment and the early response during day + 8. A total of 53 adult patients diagnosed with ALL Philadelphia negative chromosome (Ph-), with immunophenotype B, with a normal karyotype, were studied. Cases with genetic abnormalities with a poor prognosis were excluded in order to reduce bias. The mean age was 48 years (range 17-68 years). 62.3% of patients were at high risk of relapse. When analyzing the risk factors, 30.2% showed high levels of the ABCB1 resistance gene, without showing an impact on the induction response (OR: 1.218, p = 0.743), but its overexpression was associated with a poor response to steroids as in the absence of early response. Individually, both the FRS (OR: 5.7, p = 0.004) and the absence of early response to day + 8 (OR: 6.42, p = 0.002) showed significance. By combining the different factors, having more than 2 was directly related to a failure (OR: 9.514, p = 0.000). The identification of factors such as FRS such as the persistence of blasts at the end of the first week of treatment is useful to identify patients at risk of failure in induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ramos-Peñafiel
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", 06726, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Olarte-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Cerón Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrián de la Cruz Rosas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Collazo-Jaloma
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", 06726, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Martínez-Tovar
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", 06726, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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15
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Ghaeidamini Harouni M, Rahgozar S, Rahimi Babasheikhali S, Safavi A, Ghodousi ES. Fatty acid synthase, a novel poor prognostic factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia which can be targeted by ginger extract. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14072. [PMID: 32826925 PMCID: PMC7442786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of fatty acid synthesis is considered a hallmark characteristic of several malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To evaluate the impact of fatty acid synthase (FASN) on drug resistant ALL, bone marrow samples were collected from 65 pediatric ALLs, including 40 de novo and 25 relapsed patients. 22 non-cancer individuals were chosen as controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression levels of FASN in drug resistant patients compared with the therapy responders. Single and combined treatment of malignant cells were analyzed using Annexin-V/PI double staining and MTT assays. Incubation of resistant primary cells with ginger showed simultaneous increased apoptosis rates and reduced FASN expression levels. Furthermore, docking studies demonstrated high affinity bindings between ginger derivatives and FASN thioesterase and ketosynthase domains, compared with their known inhibitors, fenofibrate and morin, respectively. Finally, combined treatment of in-house multidrug resistant T-ALL subline with ginger and dexamethasone induced drug sensitivity and down regulation of FASN expression, accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces FASN upregulation as a poor prognostic factor for drug resistant childhood ALL. Moreover, it was revealed that FASN inhibition may be applied by ginger phytochemicals and overcome dexamethasone resistance, subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaeidamini Harouni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Rahimi Babasheikhali
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Safavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Ghodousi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Gallagher KM, Roderick JE, Tan SH, Tan TK, Murphy L, Yu J, Li R, O'Connor KW, Zhu J, Green MR, Sanda T, Kelliher MA. ESRRB regulates glucocorticoid gene expression in mice and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 4:3154-3168. [PMID: 32658986 PMCID: PMC7362368 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), such as dexamethasone and prednisone, remain key components of therapy for patients with lymphoid malignancies. For pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), response to GCs remains the most reliable prognostic indicator; failure to respond to GC correlates with poor event-free survival. To uncover GC resistance mechanisms, we performed a genome-wide, survival-based short hairpin RNA screen and identified the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor-β (ESRRB) as a critical transcription factor that cooperates with the GC receptor (GR) to mediate the GC gene expression signature in mouse and human ALL cells. Esrrb knockdown interfered with the expression of genes that were induced and repressed by GR and resulted in GC resistance in vitro and in vivo. Dexamethasone treatment stimulated ESRRB binding to estrogen-related receptor elements (ERREs) in canonical GC-regulated genes, and H3K27Ac Hi-chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed increased interactions between GR- and ERRE-containing regulatory regions in dexamethasone-treated human T-ALL cells. Furthermore, ESRRB agonists enhanced GC target gene expression and synergized with dexamethasone to induce leukemic cell death, indicating that ESRRB agonists may overcome GC resistance in ALL, and potentially, in other lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh M Gallagher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Justine E Roderick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center of Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center of Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Leonard Murphy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Kevin W O'Connor
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center of Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
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17
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Long S, Ren D, Zhong F, Niu Y, Qin X, Mu D, Liu W. Reversal of glucocorticoid resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cells by miR-145. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9337. [PMID: 32587801 PMCID: PMC7304417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the expression levels of miR-145 in ALL children and their effects on the prognosis of ALL and to explore the mechanism of miR-145 in reversing the resistance of ALL cells to glucocorticoids. Methods A GEO database dataset was used to analyze the expression levels of miR-145 in ALL children. The association between miR-145 and childhood prognosis was analyzed by the TARGET database data. The expression levels of miR-145 in the glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cell line CEM-C1 were increased by lipofectamine 2000-mediated transfection. Cell proliferation inhibition experiments were performed to detect the effect of miR-145 on the response of CEM-C1 cell line to glucocorticoids. The expression levels of the apoptotic, autophagic and drug resistance-associated genes and proteins were detected by qPCR and western blot analysis. Results The expression levels of miR-145 were decreased in ALL patients (P < 0.001) and the prognosis of ALL in children with high miR-145 expression was significantly improved (P < 0.001). Increased miR-145 expression can improve the sensitivity of CEM-C1 cells to glucocorticoids. The expression levels of the proapoptotic and the anti-apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2 were increased and decreased, respectively, whereas the expression levels of the autophagicgenes Beclin 1 and LC were increased. In addition, the expression levels of the drug resistance gene MDR1 were decreased. Conclusion The expression levels of miR-145 in ALL children were decreased and they were associated with disease prognosis. The data indicated that miR-145 can reverse cell resistance by regulating apoptosis of CEM-C1 cells and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Danwei Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yana Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Children's Blood and Tumor PI laboratory, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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18
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Xiao H, Ding Y, Gao Y, Wang LM, Wang H, Ding L, Li X, Yu X, Huang H. Haploinsufficiency of NR3C1 drives glucocorticoid resistance in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by down-regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis axis, and is sensitive to Bcl-2 blockage. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:218. [PMID: 31462891 PMCID: PMC6708234 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relapse represents the leading cause of death in both child and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Development of chemo-resistance is ultimately responsible for treatment failure and relapse, therefore understanding the molecular basis underlying resistance is imperative for developing innovative treatment strategies. Glucocorticoids (GCs) such dexamethasone and prednisolone are the backbone of combination chemotherapy regimens for treating all lymphoid tumors. However, the biological mechanisms of primary GC resistance in ALL is not completely understood. We previously performed a longitudinal whole-exome sequencing analysis on diagnosis/relapse pairs from adult patients with ALL. Our data revealed that relapse-specific truncation mutations in the NR3C1 gene, encoding the GC receptor, are frequently detected. Methods In the current study, we used discovery-based strategies including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and CRISPR/Cas9, followed by confirmatory testing, in human ALL cell lines, bone marrow blast samples from ALL patients and xenograft models, to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for resistance. Results Our results revealed a positive correlation between endogenous expression of NR3C1 in ALL cells and sensitivity to GCs and clinical outcomes. We further confirmed that ectopic expression of NR3C1 in ALL cells could reverse GC resistance, while deletion of NR3C1 confers resistance to GCs in ALL cell lines and xenograft models. RNA-seq analysis revealed a remarkable abundance of gene signatures involved in pathways in cancer, DNA replication, mismatch repair, P53 signalling, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulated by NR3C1. Significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes including BCL2L11/Bim, BMF, BAD, BAX and BOK, and decreased transcription of anti-apoptotic genes including BCL2, BCL2L1 and BAG2 were observed in GC-resistant ALL cells following ectopic expression of NR3C1. Finally, we explored that GC resistance in ALL cells with haploinsufficiency of NR3C1 can be treated with Bcl-2 blockage. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the status of NR3C1 gene mutations and basal expression levels of NR3C1 in ALL cells are associated with sensitivity to GCs and clinical treatment outcomes. Early intervention strategies by rational combination of Bcl-2 blockage may constitute a promising new treatment option to GC-resistant ALL and significantly improving the chances of treating poor prednisone responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Xiao
- 1Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd., Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- 1Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Rd., Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mengmeng Wang
- 2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,4Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Huafang Wang
- 2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,4Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- 2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,4Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- 2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,4Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- 2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- 2Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,4Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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19
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Horton TM, Whitlock JA, Lu X, O'Brien MM, Borowitz MJ, Devidas M, Raetz EA, Brown PA, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Bortezomib reinduction chemotherapy in high-risk ALL in first relapse: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:274-285. [PMID: 30957229 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While survival in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is excellent, survival following relapse is poor. Previous studies suggest proteasome inhibition with chemotherapy improves relapse ALL response rates. This phase 2 Children's Oncology Group study tested the hypothesis that adding the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to chemotherapy increases complete response rates (CR2). Evaluable patients (n = 135, 103 B-ALL, 22 T-ALL, 10 T-lymphoblastic lymphoma) were treated with reinduction chemotherapy plus bortezomib. Overall CR2 rates were 68 ± 5% for precursor B-ALL patients (<21 years of age), 63 ± 7% for very early relapse (<18 months from diagnosis) and 72 ± 6% for early relapse (18-36 months from diagnosis). Relapsed T-ALL patients had an encouraging CR2 rate of 68 ± 10%. End of induction minimal residual disease (MRD) significantly predicted survival. MRD negative (MRDneg; MRD <0·01%) rates increased from 29% (post-cycle 1) to 64% following cycle 3. Very early relapse, end-of-induction MRDneg precursor B-ALL patients had 70 ± 14% 3-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates, vs. 3-year EFS/OS of 0-3% (P = 0·0001) for MRDpos (MRD ≥0·01) patients. Early relapse patients had similar outcomes (MRDneg 3-year EFS/OS 58-65% vs. MRDpos 10-19%, EFS P = 0·0014). These data suggest that adding bortezomib to chemotherapy in certain ALL subgroups, such as T-cell ALL, is worthy of further investigation. This study is registered at http://www.clinical.trials.gov as NCT00873093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terzah M Horton
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James A Whitlock
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Children's Oncology Group - Operations Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Borowitz
- Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Raetz
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Patrick A Brown
- Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William L Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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21
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Ghasemi A, Khanzadeh T, Zadi Heydarabad M, Khorrami A, Jahanban Esfahlan A, Ghavipanjeh S, Gholipour Belverdi M, Darvishani Fikouhi S, Darbin A, Najafpour M, Azimi A. Evaluation of BAX and BCL-2 Gene Expression and Apoptosis Induction in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line CCRFCEM after High- Dose Prednisolone Treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2319-2323. [PMID: 30141309 PMCID: PMC6171400 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glucocorticoids are one of the most important drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
for children. It is very important to response to glucocorticoid in the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, resistance
to treatment is a major problem in lymphoid leukemia cases. In, this study, CCRF-CEM cell line was selected as a
chemotherapy-resistant model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high dose prednisolone on induction
of apoptosis and changes in BAX and BCL-2 gene expression at different times. Methods: CCRF-CEM cell lines were
grown in standard conditions. Based on previous studies, a dose of 700 μM as subtoxic dose was selected. Changes in
gene expression of BAX and BCL-2 were evaluated by using real time PCR techniques. Also stained with annexin V
and the induction of apoptosis was assessed by FACS machine. Results: In this study it was found that prednisolone in
high doses at different times significantly increased the gene expression of BAX and on the other hand the amount of
BCL-2 expression was reduced. Cells that treated for 48 hours had more significant changes in gene expression. Based
on flowcytometry data, prednisolone can induce apoptosis in a time dependent manner on this cancerous resistant cell
line. Conclusions: Apoptosis induced by high-dose prednisolone in the CCRF-CEM cells, which is almost resistant,
and possibly mediated by reducing the expression of BCL-2 and BAX up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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22
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Silic-Benussi M, Scattolin G, Cavallari I, Minuzzo S, Del Bianco P, Francescato S, Basso G, Indraccolo S, D'Agostino DM, Ciminale V. Selective killing of human T-ALL cells: an integrated approach targeting redox homeostasis and the OMA1/OPA1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:822. [PMID: 30069011 PMCID: PMC6070521 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients are currently incurable due to primary or secondary resistance to glucocorticoid-based therapies. Here we employed an integrated approach to selectively kill T-ALL cells by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) using NS1619, a benzimidazolone that activates the K+ (BK) channel, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which blunts ROS scavenging through inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway. These compounds selectively killed T-ALL cell lines, patient-derived xenografts and primary cells from patients with refractory T-ALL, but did not kill normal human thymocytes. T-ALL cells treated with NS1619 and DHEA showed activation of the ROS-responsive transcription factor NRF2, indicating engagement of antioxidant pathways, as well as increased cleavage of OPA1, a mitochondrial protein that promotes mitochondrial fusion and regulates apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that NS1619 and DHEA increased mitochondrial fission. OPA1 cleavage and cell death were inhibited by ROS scavengers and by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the mitochondrial protease OMA1, indicating the engagement of a ROS-OMA1-OPA1 axis in T-ALL cells. Furthermore, NS1619 and DHEA sensitized T-ALL cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In vivo, the combination of dexamethasone and NS1619 significantly reduced the growth of a glucocorticoid-resistant patient-derived T-ALL xenograft. Taken together, our findings provide proof-of-principle for an integrated ROS-based pharmacological approach to target refractory T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Silic-Benussi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Gloria Scattolin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Samuela Francescato
- Haemato-Oncology Division, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Haemato-Oncology Division, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Donna M D'Agostino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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23
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Chen H, Zhang D, Zhang G, Li X, Liang Y, Kasukurthi MV, Li S, Borchert GM, Huang J. A semantics-oriented computational approach to investigate microRNA regulation on glucocorticoid resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 30066657 PMCID: PMC6069764 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most prevalent neoplasia among children. Despite the tremendous achievements of state-of-the-art treatment strategies, drug resistance is still a major cause of chemotherapy failure leading to relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The underlying mechanisms of such phenomenon are not yet clear and subject to further exploration. Prior research has shown that microRNAs can act as post-transcriptional regulators of many genes related to drug resistance. However, details of microRNA regulation mechanisms in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are far from completely understood. Methods We utilized a computational approach based upon emerging biomedical and biological ontologies and semantic technologies to investigate the important roles of microRNA: mRNA regulation on glucocorticoid resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In particular, various filtering mechanisms were designed based on the user-provided MeSH term to narrow down the most promising microRNAs in an effective manner. Results During our manual search on background literature, we found a total of 18 candidate microRNAs that possibly regulate glucocorticoid resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After the first-round filtering using the Broader-Match option where both the user-provided MeSH term and its direct parent term were utilized, the number of targets for 18 microRNAs was reduced from 232 to 74. During the second-round filtering with the Exact-Match option where only the MeSH term itself was utilized, the number of targets was further reduced to 19. Finally, we conducted semantic searches in the OmniSearch software tool on the five likely regulating microRNAs and identified two most likely microRNAs. Conclusions We successfully identified two microRNAs, hsa-miR-142-3p and hsa-miR-17-5p, which are computationally predicted to closely relate to glucocorticoid resistance, thus potentially serving as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shengyu Li
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Glen M Borchert
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Jingshan Huang
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA. .,College of Math and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. .,School of Information, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
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24
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Gu L, Yi Z, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Gao J. Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30978-30991. [PMID: 28415682 PMCID: PMC5458182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. Meanwhile, 2-DG can kill cancer cells under normoxia. However, its efficacy is limited by the high-dose induced systemic toxicity. Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. These data provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in GC resistance. More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanle Zhang
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigui Ma
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Evangelisti C, Cappellini A, Oliveira M, Fragoso R, Barata JT, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, Simioni C, Neri LM, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Buontempo F, Orsini E, Pession A, Manzoli L, Martelli AM, Evangelisti C. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition potentiates glucocorticoid response in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1796-1811. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human Social and Health Sciences; University of Cassino; Cassino Italy
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital; Rome Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital; Rome Italy
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Luca M. Neri
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, National Research Council; Bologna Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Ester Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, National Research Council; Bologna Italy
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26
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Liang YN, Tang YL, Ke ZY, Chen YQ, Luo XQ, Zhang H, Huang LB. MiR-124 contributes to glucocorticoid resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and targeting the glucocorticoid receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:62-68. [PMID: 28578002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal lymphoblasts in the bone marrow and blood. Though great progress has been made for improvement in clinical treatment during the past decades, some children with ALL still relapsed. Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is an important clinical problem for ALL treatment failure. Therefore, further understanding of the mechanism of GC resistance and exploring novel therapeutic strategies are crucial for improving treatment outcome. The reported involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in drug resistance implied that deregulated miRNA expression might contribute to GC treatment response of ALL. However, individual miRNAs and their functional mechanisms potentially involved in the GC response are still largely unknown. In the present study, we found that miR-124 was up-regulated in prednisone insensitive human ALL cell line and prednisone-poor response ALL patients. Furthermore, it was found that miR-124 might contribute to GC resistance by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of ALL cells. Importantly, we validated that miR-124, targeted and decreased the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), prevented the inhibitory effect of GC in ALL. These findings strongly suggest that miR-124 is critical in poor GC response and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in ALL with poor GC resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/deficiency
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong shan Er Lu, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong shan Er Lu, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ke
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong shan Er Lu, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong shan Er Lu, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Li-Bin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong shan Er Lu, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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27
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Diagnostic value of the dual-luciferase report assay for predicting response to glucocorticoid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1241-1246. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Chen P, Shen T, Wang H, Ke Z, Liang Y, Ouyang J, Jiang T. MicroRNA-185-5p restores glucocorticoid sensitivity by suppressing the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) signaling pathway to enhance glucocorticoid receptor autoregulation. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:1-11. [PMID: 28278709 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1296143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of microRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p) in glucocorticoid (GC)-sensitive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was identified using a microarray and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and was further confirmed in ALL cell lines. A reporter assay confirmed that the Rictor-one component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a target of miR-185-5p. Decreased mTORC activity was also confirmed in GC-sensitive patients. Overexpression of miR-185-5p significantly enhanced GC sensitivity in CEM-C1 cells (GC resistance) by increasing the rate of cell apoptosis and cycle arrest, and decreasing cell survival, accompanied by a decrease in mTORC activity and an increase in GC-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, showed similar effects to miR-185-5p. These results demonstrated that miR-185-5p enhances GC sensitivity via suppression of mTORC activity by enhancing GR autoupregulation and that miR-185-5p is a potential target for the diagnosis and reversion of GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Chen
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ting Shen
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Huimin Wang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Zhiyong Ke
- b Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Yaru Liang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Tang Jiang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
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29
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Kilbey A, Terry A, Wotton S, Borland G, Zhang Q, Mackay N, McDonald A, Bell M, Wakelam MJO, Cameron ER, Neil JC. Runx1 Orchestrates Sphingolipid Metabolism and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Lymphomagenesis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1432-1441. [PMID: 27869314 PMCID: PMC5408393 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The three‐membered RUNX gene family includes RUNX1, a major mutational target in human leukemias, and displays hallmarks of both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In mouse models, the Runx genes appear to act as conditional oncogenes, as ectopic expression is growth suppressive in normal cells but drives lymphoma development potently when combined with over‐expressed Myc or loss of p53. Clues to underlying mechanisms emerged previously from murine fibroblasts where ectopic expression of any of the Runx genes promotes survival through direct and indirect regulation of key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism associated with a shift in the “sphingolipid rheostat” from ceramide to sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P). Testing of this relationship in lymphoma cells was therefore a high priority. We find that ectopic expression of Runx1 in lymphoma cells consistently perturbs the sphingolipid rheostat, whereas an essential physiological role for Runx1 is revealed by reduced S1P levels in normal spleen after partial Cre‐mediated excision. Furthermore, we show that ectopic Runx1 expression confers increased resistance of lymphoma cells to glucocorticoid‐mediated apoptosis, and elucidate the mechanism of cross‐talk between glucocorticoid and sphingolipid metabolism through Sgpp1. Dexamethasone potently induces expression of Sgpp1 in T‐lymphoma cells and drives cell death which is reduced by partial knockdown of Sgpp1 with shRNA or direct transcriptional repression of Sgpp1 by ectopic Runx1. Together these data show that Runx1 plays a role in regulating the sphingolipid rheostat in normal development and that perturbation of this cell fate regulator contributes to Runx‐driven lymphomagenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1432–1441, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kilbey
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Terry
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Wotton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - G Borland
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Q Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - N Mackay
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A McDonald
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bell
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M J O Wakelam
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - E R Cameron
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - J C Neil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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30
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Rodriguez JM, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Henriquez S, Llanos MN, Troncoso R. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic diseases. Steroids 2016; 115:182-192. [PMID: 27643454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are involved in several responses triggered by a variety of environmental and physiological stimuli. These hormones have a wide-range of regulatory effects in organisms. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used to suppress allergic, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective for therapeutic purposes, some patients chronically treated with glucocorticoids can develop reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or even resistance, increasing patient vulnerability to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid resistance can occur in several chronic diseases, including asthma, major depression, and cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the potential role of glucocorticoid resistance in the development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Rodriguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Henriquez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Miguel N Llanos
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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31
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Wu J, Liu H, Zhang G, Gu L, Zhang Y, Gao J, Wei Y, Ma Z. Antileukemia Effect of Ciclopirox Olamine Is Mediated by Downregulation of Intracellular Ferritin and Inhibition β-Catenin-c-Myc Signaling Pathway in Glucocorticoid Resistant T-ALL Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161509. [PMID: 27551974 PMCID: PMC4995032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) is an antifungal drug that has been reported to have antitumor effects. In this study we investigated the antileukemia effects and the possible mechanisms of CPX on glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines. The results indicated that CPX inhibited the growth of GC-resistant T-ALL cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and this effect was closely correlated with the downregulation of intracellular ferritin. CPX induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase by upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor of p21 and downregulation of the expressions of cyclin D, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and phosphorylated Rb (pRb). CPX also enhanced apoptotic cell death by downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1. More importantly, CPX demonstrated a strong synergistic antileukemia effect with GC and this effect was mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the β-catenin-c-Myc signaling pathway. These findings suggest that CPX could be a promising antileukemia drug, and modulation of the intracellular ferritin expression might be an effective method in the treatment of ALL. Therefore, integrating CPX into the current GC-containing ALL protocols could lead to the improvement of the outcome of ALL, especially GC-resistant ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
| | - Huajun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
| | - Ling Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
| | - Yanle Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YW)
| | - Zhigui Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 60041, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YW)
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Bhatia P, Masih S, Varma N, Bansal D, Trehan A. High Expression of Lung Resistance Protein mRNA at Diagnosis Predicts Poor Early Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6663-8. [PMID: 26434891 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment failure in leukemia is due to either pharmacokinetic resistance or cell resistance to drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression of multiple drug resistance protein (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and low resistance protein (LRP) was assessed in 45 pediatric ALL cases and 7 healthy controls by real time PCR. The expression was scored as negative, weak, moderate and strong. RESULTS The male female ratio of cases was 2.75:1 and the mean age was 5.2 years. Some 26/45 (58%) were in standard risk, 17/45(38%) intermediate and 2/45 (4%) in high risk categorie, 42/45 (93%) being B-ALL and recurrent translocations being noted in 5/45 (11.0%). Rapid early response (RER) at day 14 was seen in 37/45 (82.3%) and slow early response (SER) in 8/45 (17.7%) cases. Positive expression of MDR-1, LRP and MRP was noted in 14/45 (31%), 15/45 (33%) and 27/45 (60%) cases and strong expression in 3/14 (21%), 11/27 (40.7%) and 8/15 (53.3%) cases respectively. Dual or more gene positivity was noted in 17/45 (38%) cases. 46.5 % (7/15) of LRP positive cases at day 14 were in RER as compared to 100% (30/30) of LRP negative cases (p<0.05). All 8 (100%) LRP positive cases in SER had strong LRP expression (p=<0.05). Moreover, only 53.3% of LRP positive cases were in haematological remission at day 30 as compared to 100% of LRP negative cases (p=<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that increased LRP expression at diagnosis in pediatric ALL predicts poor response to early treatment and hence can be used as a prognostic marker. However, larger prospective studies with longer follow up are needed, to understand the clinical relevance of drug resistance proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Bhatia
- Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India E-mail :
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Bostrom
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dong H, Carlton ME, Lerner A, Epstein PM. Effect of cAMP signaling on expression of glucocorticoid receptor, Bim and Bad in glucocorticoid-sensitive and resistant leukemic and multiple myeloma cells. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:230. [PMID: 26528184 PMCID: PMC4602131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of cAMP signaling induces apoptosis in glucocorticoid-sensitive and resistant CEM leukemic and MM.1 multiple myeloma cell lines, and this effect is enhanced by dexamethasone in both glucocorticoid-sensitive cell types and in glucocorticoid-resistant CEM cells. Expression of the mRNA for the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR) promoters 1A3, 1B and 1C, expression of mRNA and protein for GR, and the BH3-only proapoptotic proteins, Bim and Bad, and the phosphorylation state of Bad were examined following stimulation of the cAMP and glucocorticoid signaling pathways. Expression levels of GR promoters were increased by cAMP and glucocorticoid signaling, but GR protein expression was little changed in CEM and decreased in MM.1 cells. Stimulation of these two signaling pathways induced Bim in CEM cells, induced Bad in MM.1 cells, and activated Bad, as indicated by its dephosphorylation on ser112, in both cell types. This study shows that leukemic and multiple myeloma cells, including those resistant to glucocorticoids, can be induced to undergo apoptosis by stimulating the cAMP signaling pathway, with enhancement by glucocorticoids, and the mechanism by which this occurs may be related to changes in Bim and Bad expression, and in all cases, to activation of Bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Michael E Carlton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Adam Lerner
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - Paul M Epstein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
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Hall CP, Reynolds CP, Kang MH. Modulation of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Increasing BIM Expression with the PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor BEZ235. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:621-32. [PMID: 26080839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study is to evaluate the preclinical therapeutic activity and mechanism of action of BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, in combination with dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The cytotoxic effects of BEZ235 and dexamethasone as single agents and in combination were assessed in a panel of ALL cell lines and xenograft models. The underlying mechanism of BEZ235 and dexamethasone was evaluated using immunoblotting, TaqMan RT-PCR, siRNA, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 enhanced dexamethasone-induced anti-leukemic activity in in vitro (continuous cell lines and primary ALL cultures) and systemic in vivo models of T-ALL (including a patient-derived xenograft). Through inhibition of AKT1, BEZ235 was able to alleviate AKT1-mediated suppression of dexamethasone-induced apoptotic pathways leading to increased expression of the proapoptotic BCL-2 protein BIM. Downregulation of MCL-1 by BEZ235 further contributed to the modulation of dexamethasone resistance by increasing the amount of BIM available to induce apoptosis, especially in PTEN-null T-ALL where inhibition of AKT only partially overcame AKT-induced BIM suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the further investigation of agents targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway to modulate glucocorticoid resistance in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P Hall
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
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Xue L, Li C, Wang Y, Sun W, Ma C, He Y, Yu Y, Cai L, Wang L. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in non-coding region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and prednisone response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:1704-9. [PMID: 25644744 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.951848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Poor prednisone response predicts an inferior outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) treatment protocols. Here, we investigated five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both the coding and non-coding regions of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, and analyzed their association with prednisone responsiveness in vivo in 63 pediatric patients with ALL in China. Of the five SNPs, the rs41423247 and rs7701443 polymorphisms were significantly associated with prednisone response at the allelic level (rs41423247 odds ratio [OR] = 9.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-74.21; p = 0.01; rs7701443 OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.08-9; p = 0.02). Two polymorphisms (rs6189/6190 and rs6198) were not observed in the study cohort. Haplotypes composed of CCC alleles and TCG alleles at three loci (rs7701443, Tth111I and BclI) were both associated with prednisone response (p = 0.013; p = 0.028). Our results suggested that polymorphisms in the non-coding region of the GR gene were associated with prednisone response in vivo in pediatric ALL in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xue
- Department of Childhood Hematology and Oncology
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Naderi EH, Skah S, Ugland H, Myklebost O, Sandnes DL, Torgersen ML, Josefsen D, Ruud E, Naderi S, Blomhoff HK. Bone marrow stroma-derived PGE2 protects BCP-ALL cells from DNA damage-induced p53 accumulation and cell death. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:14. [PMID: 25623255 PMCID: PMC4323193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-014-0278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common paediatric cancer. BCP-ALL blasts typically retain wild type p53, and are therefore assumed to rely on indirect measures to suppress transformation-induced p53 activity. We have recently demonstrated that the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through activation of protein kinase A (PKA) has the ability to inhibit DNA damage-induced p53 accumulation and thereby promote survival of the leukaemic blasts. Development of BCP-ALL in the bone marrow (BM) is supported by resident BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are known to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which upon binding to its receptors is able to elicit a cAMP response in target cells. We hypothesized that PGE2 produced by stromal cells in the BM microenvironment could stimulate cAMP production and PKA activation in BCP-ALL cells, thereby suppressing p53 accumulation and promoting survival of the malignant cells. Methods Primary BCP-ALL cells isolated from BM aspirates at diagnosis were cocultivated with BM-derived MSCs, and effects on DNA damage-induced p53 accumulation and cell death were monitored by SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting and flow cytometry-based methods, respectively. Effects of intervention of signalling along the PGE2-cAMP-PKA axis were assessed by inhibition of PGE2 production or PKA activity. Statistical significance was tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired samples t test. Results We demonstrate that BM-derived MSCs produce PGE2 and protect primary BCP-ALL cells from p53 accumulation and apoptotic cell death. The MSC-mediated protection of DNA damage-mediated cell death is reversible upon inhibition of PGE2 synthesis or PKA activity. Furthermore our results indicate differences in the sensitivity to variations in p53 levels between common cytogenetic subgroups of BCP-ALL. Conclusions Our findings support our hypothesis that BM-derived PGE2, through activation of cAMP-PKA signalling in BCP-ALL blasts, can inhibit the tumour suppressive activity of wild type p53, thereby promoting leukaemogenesis and protecting against therapy-induced leukaemic cell death. These novel findings identify the PGE2-cAMP-PKA signalling pathway as a possible target for pharmacological intervention with potential relevance for treatment of BCP-ALL.
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Evangelisti C, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Buontempo F, Neri LM, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Autophagy in acute leukemias: a double-edged sword with important therapeutic implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:14-26. [PMID: 25284725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, usually referred to as autophagy, is a degradative pathway wherein cytoplasmatic components such as aggregated/misfolded proteins and organelles are engulfed within double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) and then delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological functions, including hematopoiesis, through elimination of aggregated/misfolded proteins, and damaged/superfluous organelles. The catabolic products of autophagy (amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides) are released into the cytosol from autophagolysosomes and recycled into bio-energetic pathways. Therefore, autophagy allows cells to survive starvation and other unfavorable conditions, including hypoxia, heat shock, and microbial pathogens. Nevertheless, depending upon the cell context and functional status, autophagy can also serve as a death mechanism. The cohort of proteins that constitute the autophagy machinery function in a complex, multistep biochemical pathway which has been partially identified over the past decade. Dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the development of several disorders, including acute leukemias. In this kind of hematologic malignancies, autophagy can either act as a chemo-resistance mechanism or have tumor suppressive functions, depending on the context. Therefore, strategies exploiting autophagy, either for activating or inhibiting it, could find a broad application for innovative treatment of acute leukemias and could significantly contribute to improved clinical outcomes. These aspects are discussed here after a brief introduction to the autophagic molecular machinery and its roles in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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A pre-clinical model of resistance to induction therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e232. [PMID: 25083816 PMCID: PMC4219466 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse and acquired drug resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains a significant clinical problem. This study was designed to establish a preclinical model of resistance to induction therapy in childhood T-ALL to examine the emergence of drug resistance and identify novel therapies. Patient-derived T-ALL xenografts in immune-deficient (non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient) mice were exposed to a four-drug combination of vincristine, dexamethasone (DEX), L-asparaginase and daunorubicin (VXLD). ‘Relapse' xenografts were characterized by responses to drugs, changes in gene expression profiles and Connectivity Map (CMap) prediction of strategies to reverse drug resistance. Two of four xenografts developed ex vivo and in vivo drug resistance. Both resistant lines showed altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism, yet they had a distinct drug resistance pattern. CMap analyses reinforced these features, identifying the cholesterol pathway inhibitor simvastatin (SVT) as a potential therapy to overcome resistance. Combined ex vivo with DEX, SVT was significantly synergistic, yet when administered in vivo with VXLD it did not delay leukemia progression. Synergy of SVT with established chemotherapy may depend on higher drug doses than are tolerable in this model. Taken together, we have developed a clinically relevant in vivo model of T-ALL suitable to examine the emergence of drug resistance and to identify novel therapies.
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Miller AL, Geng C, Golovko G, Sharma M, Schwartz JR, Yan J, Sowers L, Widger WR, Fofanov Y, Vedeckis WV, Thompson EB. Epigenetic alteration by DNA-demethylating treatment restores apoptotic response to glucocorticoids in dexamethasone-resistant human malignant lymphoid cells. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:35. [PMID: 24795534 PMCID: PMC4008436 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) are often included in the therapy of lymphoid malignancies because they kill several types of malignant lymphoid cells. GCs activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), to regulate a complex genetic network, culminating in apoptosis. Normal lymphoblasts and many lymphoid malignancies are sensitive to GC-driven apoptosis. Resistance to GCs can be a significant clinical problem, however, and correlates with resistance to several other major chemotherapeutic agents. Methods We analyzed the effect of treatment with the cytosine analogue 5 aza-2’ deoxycytidine (AZA) on GC resistance in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T or pre-T ALL) cell lines- CEM and Molt-4- and a (B-cell) myeloma cell line, RPMI 8226. Methods employed included tissue culture, flow cytometry, and assays for clonogenicity, cytosine extension, immunochemical identification of proteins, and gene transactivation. High throughput DNA sequencing was used to confirm DNA methylation status. Conclusions Treatment of these cells with AZA resulted in altered DNA methylation and restored GC-evoked apoptosis in all 3 cell lines. In CEM cells the altered epigenetic state resulted in site-specific phosphorylation of the GR, increased GR potency, and GC-driven induction of the GR from promoters that lie in CpG islands. In RPMI 8226 cells, expression of relevant coregulators of GR function was altered. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is central to a feed-forward mechanism of site-specific GR phosphorylation and ultimately, apoptosis, occurred in all 3 cell lines. These data show that in certain malignant hematologic B- and T-cell types, epigenetically controlled GC resistance can be reversed by cell exposure to a compound that causes DNA demethylation. The results encourage studies of application to in vivo systems, looking towards eventual clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, (ALM present address, Department. of Pediatrics, & Assay Devel. Service Division Galveston National Lab.), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chuandong Geng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA CG present address, Depts. of Medicine and of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georgiy Golovko
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Centers for Biomedical & Environmental Genomics and/or Nuclear Receptors & Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Centers for Biomedical & Environmental Genomics and/or Nuclear Receptors & Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA CG present address, Depts. of Medicine and of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA ; Present address St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiabin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William R Widger
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Centers for Biomedical & Environmental Genomics and/or Nuclear Receptors & Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuriy Fofanov
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Centers for Biomedical & Environmental Genomics and/or Nuclear Receptors & Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Wayne V Vedeckis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA CG present address, Depts. of Medicine and of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Brad Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, (ALM present address, Department. of Pediatrics, & Assay Devel. Service Division Galveston National Lab.), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ; Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Centers for Biomedical & Environmental Genomics and/or Nuclear Receptors & Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Dulucq S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Pharmacogenetic considerations for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:699-719. [PMID: 24673379 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.893294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led to risk-targeted treatment regimens and remarkable improvement in survival rates. Still, up to 20% of patients experience treatment failure due to drug resistance. Treatment-related toxicities are often life-threatening and are the primary cause of treatment interruption, while ALL survivors may develop complications due to exposure to chemotherapy and/or irradiation during a vulnerable period of development. Different factors may contribute to variable treatment outcomes including patient genetics that has been shown to play important role. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes candidate gene and genome-wide association studies that identified common polymorphisms underlying variability in treatment responses including a few studies addressing late effects of the treatment. Genetic variants influencing antileukemic drug effects or leukemic cell biology have been identified, including for example variants in folate-dependent enzymes, influx and efflux transporters, metabolizing enzymes, drug receptor or apoptotic proteins. EXPERT OPINION Many pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted in ALL and a variety of potential markers have been identified. Yet more comprehensive insight into genome variations influencing drug responses is needed. Whole exome/genome sequencing, careful study design, mechanistic explanation of association found and collaborative studies will ultimately lead to personalized treatment and improved therapeutic and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dulucq
- University Health Center Bordeaux, Heamatology Laboratory , Bordeaux , France
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Wolff NC, McKay RM, Brugarolas J. REDD1/DDIT4-independent mTORC1 inhibition and apoptosis by glucocorticoids in thymocytes. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:867-77. [PMID: 24615339 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucocorticoids induce apoptosis in lymphocytes and are commonly used to treat hematologic malignancies. However, they are also associated with significant adverse effects and their molecular mechanism of action is not fully understood. Glucocorticoid treatment induces expression of the mTORC1 inhibitor Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1), also known as DNA-Damage Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4), and mTORC1 inhibition may distinguish glucocorticoid-sensitive from glucocorticoid-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Interestingly, REDD1 induction was impaired in glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cells and inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin restored glucocorticoid sensitivity. These data suggest that REDD1 may be essential for the response of ALL cells to glucocorticoids. To further investigate the role of REDD1, we evaluated the effects of glucocorticoids on primary thymocytes from wild-type and REDD1-deficient mice. Glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis was blocked by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and by an inhibitor of transcription, which interfered with REDD1 induction and mTORC1 inhibition. However, REDD1 ablation had no effect on glucocorticoid-induced mTORC1 inhibition and apoptosis in thymocytes ex vivo. Overall, these data not only demonstrate the contextual differences of downstream signaling following glucocorticoid treatment but also provide a better mechanistic understanding of the role of REDD1. IMPLICATIONS These molecular findings underlying glucocorticoid action and the role of REDD1 are fundamental for the design of novel, more efficacious, and less toxic analogs. Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 867-77. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Wolff
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, and the Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - James Brugarolas
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, and the Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Højfeldt JW, Cruz-Rodríguez O, Imaeda Y, Van Dyke AR, Carolan JP, Mapp AK, Iñiguez-Lluhí JA. Bifunctional ligands allow deliberate extrinsic reprogramming of the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:249-59. [PMID: 24422633 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on conventional nuclear receptor ligands are extremely powerful, yet their broad and long-term use is often hindered by undesired side effects that are often part of the receptor's biological function. Selective control of nuclear receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using conventional ligands has proven particularly challenging. Because they act solely in an allosteric manner, conventional ligands are constrained to act via cofactors that can intrinsically partner with the receptor. Furthermore, effective means to rationally encode a bias for specific coregulators are generally lacking. Using the (GR) as a framework, we demonstrate here a versatile approach, based on bifunctional ligands, that extends the regulatory repertoire of GR in a deliberate and controlled manner. By linking the macrolide FK506 to a conventional agonist (dexamethasone) or antagonist (RU-486), we demonstrate that it is possible to bridge the intact receptor to either positively or negatively acting coregulatory proteins bearing an FK506 binding protein domain. Using this strategy, we show that extrinsic recruitment of a strong activation function can enhance the efficacy of the full agonist dexamethasone and reverse the antagonist character of RU-486 at an endogenous locus. Notably, the extrinsic recruitment of histone deacetylase-1 reduces the ability of GR to activate transcription from a canonical GR response element while preserving ligand-mediated repression of nuclear factor-κB. By providing novel ways for the receptor to engage specific coregulators, this unique ligand design approach has the potential to yield both novel tools for GR study and more selective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas W Højfeldt
- Department of Chemistry (J.W.H.,Y.I., J.P.C., A.K.M.), University of Michigan, and Department of Pharmacology (O.C.-R., J.A.I.-L.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.R.V.D.), Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824
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Piovan E, Yu J, Tosello V, Herranz D, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Da Silva AC, Sanchez-Martin M, Perez-Garcia A, Rigo I, Castillo M, Indraccolo S, Cross JR, de Stanchina E, Paietta E, Racevskis J, Rowe JM, Tallman MS, Basso G, Meijerink JP, Cordon-Cardo C, Califano A, Ferrando AA. Direct reversal of glucocorticoid resistance by AKT inhibition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:766-76. [PMID: 24291004 PMCID: PMC3878658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid resistance is a major driver of therapeutic failure in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we identify the AKT1 kinase as a major negative regulator of the NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor protein activity driving glucocorticoid resistance in T-ALL. Mechanistically, AKT1 impairs glucocorticoid-induced gene expression by direct phosphorylation of NR3C1 at position S134 and blocking glucocorticoid-induced NR3C1 translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, we demonstrate that loss of PTEN and consequent AKT1 activation can effectively block glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and induce resistance to glucocorticoid therapy. Conversely, pharmacologic inhibition of AKT with MK2206 effectively restores glucocorticoid-induced NR3C1 translocation to the nucleus, increases the response of T-ALL cells to glucocorticoid therapy, and effectively reverses glucocorticoid resistance in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Piovan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto—IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita’ di Padova, Padova, Padova, Veneto, 35128, Italy
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Valeria Tosello
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Veneto, 35128, Italy
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Isaura Rigo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto—IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065 USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065 USA
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- New York Medical College and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Janis Racevskis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- New York Medical College and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jacob M Rowe
- Hematology Department, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Jules P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, South Holland, 010 7040704, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo A. Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Shah DS, Kumar R. Steroid resistance in leukemia. World J Exp Med 2013; 3:21-25. [PMID: 24520542 PMCID: PMC3905587 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v3.i2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several types of leukemia which are characterized by the abnormal growth of cells from the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Because of their lympholytic actions, glucocorticoids (GCs) are included in many therapeutic regimens for the treatment of various forms of leukemia. Although a significant number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients respond well to GC treatment during initial phases; prolonged treatments sometimes results in steroid-resistance. The exact mechanism of this resistance has yet not been completely elucidated, but a correlation between functional GC receptor expression levels and steroid-resistance in patients has been found. In recent years, several other mechanisms of action have been reported that could play an important role in the development of such drug resistances in leukemia. Therefore, a better understanding of how leukemic patients develop drug resistance should result in drugs designed appropriately to treat these patients.
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